توب
1 تَابَ, (
T,
A,) or تاب إِلَى اللّٰهِ, (
S,
M,
K,)
aor. ـُ (
Msb,)
inf. n. تَوْبَةٌ and تَوْبٌ, (
T,
S,
M,
Msb,
K,) both of these signifying the same, (
T,
S,
M,
Msb,) the ة in the former being added to denote the
fem. gender, or, as some say, the former is a
n. un. like ضَرْبَةٌ, (
Msb,) or, as
Akh says, تَوْبٌ is
pl. [or a
quasi-pl. n.] of تَوْبَةٌ, like as عَوْمٌ is of عَوْمَةٌ, (
S,) or like as لَوْزٌ is of لَوْزَةٌ, and this is the opinion of
Mbr, (
M,) and تَابَةٌ, (
M,
K,) which is for تَوْبَةٌ, (
M,) and مَتَابٌ (
S,
M,
A,
K) and تَتْوِبَةٌ, (
S, *
M, *
K,) of the measure تَفْعِلَةٌ, (
S,
M,) an
anomalous form, (
TA,)
syn. with تَوْبَةٌ, mentioned in the Book of
Sb; (
S;) [He repented; or repented toward God; as will be shown by what follows:] originally, he returned unto God, (
T,
TA,) مِنْ كَذَا and عَنْ كَذَا [from such a thing]: (
TA:) or he returned, [or returned unto God,] (
S,
M,
A,
K,) from sin, (
S,) or from his sin, (
A,) or from disobedience (
M,
K) to obedience: (
M:) or تَابَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ signifies he desisted from his sin: (
Msb:) تَوْبَةٌ signifies the repenting of sin; i. e. the grieving for it, or regretting it, with the confession of having no excuse for the commission thereof. (
Kull.) It is said in a
trad., النَّدَمُ تَوْبَةٌ [Repentance is] a returning from sin. (
S.) The time of El-Islám is termed زَمَنُ التَّوْبَةِ as being The time of returning from [or repenting of] the belief in a plurality of gods. (
A.) A poet says, تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ فَتَقَبَّلْ تَابَتِى
وَصُمْتُ رَبِّى فَتَفَبَّلْ صَامَتِى
[I have repented toward Thee, and accept Thou my repentance; and I have fasted, O my Lord, and accept Thou my fast]; meaning تَوْبَتِى and صَوْمَتِى. (
M.)
b2: تَابَ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ God returned to forgiveness towards him; became again forgiving to him: (
T:) or disposed, or adapted, him to repentance, or returning from sin or disobedience: (
S,
K:) or reverted from severity to mildness towards him: or returned to him with his favour, or grace, and his acceptance, or approbation; became again propitious to him: (
A,
K:) all these meanings are correct: (
TA:) or God forgave him, and saved him from acts of disobedience: (
Msb:) or accepted his repentance: (
Jel in ii. 35 &c.:) or returned towards him with mercy, and acceptance of repentance. (
Bd ibid.) 10 استتابهُ He proposed to him that he should return [to obedience unto God], (
T,
A,) and repent of that which he had committed: (
T:) he asked him to return from sin, or disobedience: (
S,
K:) or he asked him to desist from his sin. (
Msb.) تَابُوتٌ, originally تَوَبُوتٌ, the ت not being the characteristic of the
fem. gender, (
Z,
MF,
TA,) of the measure فَعَلُوتٌ, and meaning A chest, or box, from التَّوْبُ, because what is taken out from it continually returns to it: (
AAF,
IJ,
Z,
MF,
TA:) or originally تَابُوَةٌ; (
S,
K; [in the
CK تَأْبُوَةٌ;]) the و being made quiescent, and the ة changed into ت: (
S,
K:) [in Chald. ?: in Hebr. ?:] it signifies also the ribs, with what they contain, as the heart and the liver &c.; as being likened to a chest, or box; (
IAth,
TA in art. تبت;) the chest, breast, or bosom: (A in that art.:) or [primarily] the ribs, with what they contain, as the heart &c.: and [hence] applied to a chest, or box: (Towsheeh,
MF,
TA:) also written تَبُوتٌ. (
K in art. تبت.) [It is generally applied in the present day to a bier: a coffin: and an oblong case that is placed over a grave: the
pl. is تَوَابِيتُ.] El-
Kásim Ibn-Maan says that it is the only word in the
Kur-án in respect of which the dialects of Kureysh and the Ansár differ; the former pronouncing it تَابُوتٌ; (
S;) and the latter, تَابُوهٌ. (
S,
K.) But
IB denies that its last letter is originally ة, the
fem. termination; asserting the final ت to be a radical letter, the measure of the word to be فَاعُولٌ, and its proper place in art. تبت: he says that the final ت is changed in a case of pause, but not generally, into ه, as is that of الفُرَات [the Euphrates], in which the ت is not the
fem. termination. (
L,
TA.) Yousay, مَا أَوْدَعْتُ تَابُوتِى شَيْئًا فَقَدْتُهُ, meaning I have not deposited in my bosom anything of knowledge, or science, that I have lost. (A in art. تبت.) تَوَّابٌ, applied to a man, [One who repents much or often;] returning from disobedience to obedience [to God] (
M,
K,
TA) much or often. (
TA.)
b2: And applied to God, One who returns [much or often] to forgiveness towards his servant who returns unto Him: (
T:) or who [often] disposes, or adapts, to repentance, or returning from sin or disobedience; or reverts from severity to mildness; or returns with his favour or grace, &c.: (
A,
K: [see 1, last sentence:]) or who forgives much, and save from acts of disobedience. (
Msb.) تَائِبٌ [Repenting of sin: (see 1:) originally,] returning from disobedience (
M,
K) to obedience to God. (
M.)
