بدل
1 بَدَلَ,
inf. n. بَدَالٌ: see 2, in three places.
2 تَبْدِيلٌ properly signifies [The changing, or altering, a thing; or] the changing, or altering, the form, or fashion, or semblance, or the quality, or condition, [of a thing,] to another form, &c., while the substance remains the same; (
Th,
T,
TA;) or the changing a thing from its state, or condition; (Ibn-'Arafeh,
TA;) or the changing a thing without substitution: (
S:) but the Arabs have used it also in the sense of ↓ إِبْدَالٌ, (
Mbr,
T,
TA,) which signifies [the changing a thing by substitution; exchanging it; replacing it with another thing; or] the removing, or displacing, the substance [of a thing], and introducing anew another substance. (
Th,
T,
TA.) You say, بَدَّلْتُهُ,
inf. n. تَبْدِيلٌ, (
M, *
Msb,
K,) meaning I changed it, or altered it; (
M,
K) or I changed, or altered, the form, or fashion, or semblance, or the quality, or condition, of it; (
Msb;) as in the phrase, بَدَّلْتُ الخَاتَمَ بِالحَلْقَةِ [I changed, or altered, the signet-ring into the simple ring], said when one has melted the former and made of it a simple ring; (
Fr,
T,
TA;) and بَدَّلَ اللّٰهُ السَّيِئَّاتِ حَسَنَاتٍ [God changed the evil deeds into good deeds]; the verb being doubly
trans. by itself because it has the meaning of جَعَلَ and صَيَّرَ. (
Msb. [But see what follows.]) ↓ أَبْدَلْتُهُ بِكَذَا, [in the
S, أَبْدَلْتُ الشَّىْءَ بِغَيْرِهِ, without explanation,]
inf. n. إِبْدَالٌ, [I changed it by substituting for it such a thing, or exchanged it for such a thing, or replaced it with such a thing,] is said when one has removed the first, and put the second in its place; (
Msb;) as in the phrase, أَبْدَلْتُ الخَاتَمَ بِالحَلْقَةِ [I changed the signet-ring by substituting for it the simple ring; exchanged the signet-ring for the simple ring; or replaced the signet-ring with the simple ring]; said when one removes the one, and puts the other in its place: (
Fr,
T,
TA:) and this verb is also made doubly
trans. by itself, like بَدَّلْتُ, (
Msb,) which is used in the sense of أَبْدَلْتُ [as shown above]; (
Mbr,
T,
TA;) for instance, where it is said, [in the
Kur lxvi. 5,] عَسَى رَبُّهُ إِنْ طَلَّقَكُنَّ أَنْ يُبْدِلَهُ
أَزْوَجًا خَيْرًا مِنْكُنَّ [May-be, his Lord, if he divorce you, will give him in exchange wives better than you]; accord to one reading, يُبَدِّلَهُ (
Msb.) An
ex. of the latter of these two verbs in the sense of the former is the saying in the
Kur [xxv. 70], يُبَدِّلُ اللّٰهُ سَيِّآتِهِمْ حَسَنَاتٍ [God will change their evil deeds by substituting for them good deeds]; i. e. will cancel the evil deeds and put in their place good deeds: but in the saying in the
Kur [iv. 59], كُلَّمَا نَضِجَتْ جُلُودُهُمْ بَدَّلْنَاهُمْ جُلُودًا غَيْرَهَا [Whenever their skins are thoroughly burned, we will change the condition thereof to them into the condition of other skins], the meaning is, that the first condition of their skins shall be restored; so that the substance is one, but the condition is different. (
Mbr,
T,
TA.) You say also, بَدَّلَهُ اللّٰهُ مَنَ الخَوْفِ أَمْنًا [God gave him in exchange for fear, or in lieu of fear, security]. (
S.) [and بَدَّلَهُ بِهِ كَذَا He gave him in exchange for it, or in lieu of it, such a thing: see
Kur xxxiv. 15.
And بدّل مَكَانَهُ كَذَا He gave in exchange for it, or in lieu of it, such a thing: see
Kur vii. 93 and xvi. 103.] بَدَّلَ حُسْنًا بَعْدَ سُوْءٍ, in the
Kur [xxvii. 11], means He hath done good [by way of exchange after evil]; i. e., repented; (
Jel;) or بَدَّلَ ذَنْبُهُ بِالتَوْبَةِ [hath exchanged his sin for repentance]. (
Bd.) تَبْدِيلٌ and ↓ إِبْدَالٌ both signify The act of exchanging [a thing for another thing]; or making [a thing] to be a substitute [for another thing]; (
KL,
PS;) and so does ↓ بَدَالٌ. (
KL.) You say, بدّل الشَّىْءَ مِنَ الشَىْءِ, (
M,
K, *) and مِنْهُ ↓ ابدلهُ, i. e. اِتَّخَذَهُ مِنْهُ بَدلًا [here meaning He exchanged the thing for the thing; or, more literally, he made the thing a substitute for the thing]. (
M,
K. [In the text of the former of these, as given in the
TT, instead of اِتَّخَذَهُ, I find تَخِذَ (a
dial. var. of اِتَّخَذَ) without the affixed pronoun, which is meant to be understood or is omitted inadvertently by the transcriber: and here it should be observed, that the explanation which I have rendered as above admits of another meaning, namely, أَخَذَهُ مِنْهُ بَدَلًا
“he took it as a substitute for it:” in the
M, immediately before, أَخَذَهُ مِنْهُ بَدَلًا is given as the explanation of the phrases تبدّل الشَّىْءَ and بِالشَّىْءِ, and استبدلهُ and بِهِ: see 10.]) You say also, الثَّوْبَ بِغَيْرِهِ ↓ بَدَلْتُ,
aor. ـُ [
inf. n. بَدَالٌ, mentioned and explained above, I exchanged the garment, or piece of cloth, for another; or made it to be a substitute for another;] and ↓ اِسْتَبْدَلْتُهُ بِغَيْرِهِ signifies the same. (
Msb. [But the latter phrase has more frequently another meaning, explained below: see 10.]) [↓ ابدلهُ in the phrases ابدلهُ كَذَا as meaning He changed it into, or substituted for it, such a thing, and ابدلهُ مِنْ كَذَا as meaning he changed it from, or substituted it for, such a thing, is more common than بدّله, which is used in the same sense; as ↓ بَدَلَهُ is also; for]
AO applies the term ↓ مَبْدُولٌ [in lieu of the more common term ↓ مُبْدَلٌ] to a letter that is changed from another letter, as in مَدَهْتُهُ for مَدَحْتُهُ; and this shows that بَدَلْتُ is
trans. [and signifies I changed, &c.]. (
Az,
TA.) 3 مُبَادَلَةٌ and ↓ تَبَادَلٌ signify the same, (
S,) namely, The act of exchanging with another or others. (
PS.) You say, بادلهُ,
inf. n. مُبَادَلَةٌ and بِدَالٌ [in the
CK erroneously written with fet-h to the ب], He exchanged, or made an exchange, with him; or] he gave him the like of that which he took, or received, from him; (
IDrd, *
M,
K;) for instance, a garment, or piece of cloth, in the place of another; (
Lth,
T,
Msb, * in explanation of the former
inf. n.;) and a brother in the place of a brother. (
Lth,
T.) And ↓ تَبَادَلَا They exchanged, or made an exchange, each with the other; or each gave to the other the like of that which he took, or received, from him. (
TA.) نُبَادِلُهْ, ending a verse of El-Kulákh, means for whom we would take a substitute: El-Marzookee says, it is for نُبَادِلُ بِهِ النَّاسَ [for whom we would make an exchange with the people]; the preposition being suppressed. (
Ham p. 465.) 4 ابدلهُ,
inf. n. إِبْدَالٌ: see 2, in five places.
5 تبدّل It (a thing,
M) became changed, or altered. (
M,
K.)
b2: In the saying of the rájiz, فَبُدِّلَتْ وَالدَّهْرُ ذُو تَبَدُّلِ the meaning is, ذو تَبْدِيل [i. e. the meaning of the whole is, And, or but, she was changed, or altered; for time has the property of changing, or altering]. (
M.)
A2: See also 10, in three places.
6 تَبَاْدَلَ see 3, in two places.
10 استبدل الشَّىْءَ and بِالشَّىْءِ, and ↓ تبدّلهُ and بِهِ, (
M,
K, *) He took a substitute, or a thing in exchange, for the thing. (
M.) You say, استبدل الشَّىْءَ بِغَيْرِهِ, and بِهِ ↓ تبدّلهُ, He took the thing [as a substitute, or in exchange, for another; or] in the place of another. (
S.) And استبدل ثَوْبًا مَكَانَ ثَوْبٍ [He took a garment, or piece of cloth, in the place, or in lieu, of a garment, &c.]; and أَخًا مَكَانَ أَخٍ [a brother in the place, or in lieu, of a brother]. (
Lth,
T.) It is said in the
Kur [ii. 58], أَتَسْتَبْدِلُونَ الَّذِى هُوَ أَدْنَى بِالَّذِى هُوَ خَيْرٌ Will ye take in exchange that which is worse for that which is better? (
Jel. [See also other exs. in the
Kur ix. 39 and xlvii. last verse.]) and الكُفْرَ بِالْإِيمَانِ ↓ مَنْ يَتَبَدَّلِ [Whoso adopteth infidelity in lieu of faith]. (
Kur ii. 102. [See also other exs. in the
Kur iv. 2 and xxxiii. 52.])
b2: See also 2, last sentence but one.
بِدْلٌ: see the next paragraph, in four places.
بَدَلٌ and ↓ بِدْلٌ, (
Fr,
T,
S,
M,
Msb,
K,) like مَثَلٌ and مِثْلٌ, and شَبَهٌ and شِبْهٌ, (
Fr,
T,
S,) and نَكَلٌ and نِكَلٌ, the only other instances of the kind, i. e. of words of both these measures, that have been heard,
accord. to
AO, (
S,
TA, [but in one copy of the
S, I find
A'Obeyd,]) and ↓ بَدِيلٌ (
S,
M,
Mgh,
Msb,
K,) all signify the same; (
S,
M,
Msb,
K;) namely, A substitute; a thing given, or received, or put, or done, instead of, in place of, in lieu of, or in exchange for, another thing; a compensation;
syn. خَلَفٌ, (
M,
K,) and عِوَضٌ: (
Kull:) بَدَلُ الشَّىْءِ [and البَدَلُ مِنَ الشَّىْءِ] and ↓ بِدْلُهُ ↓ بَدِيلُهُ meaning الخَلَفُ مِنْهُ [the substitute for the thing; &c.]; (
M,
K;) i. e., another thing: (
S:)
pl. أَبْدَالٌ, (
IDrd,
Msb,
K,) which, as
pl. of ↓ بَدِيلٌ, has few parallels. (
IDrd,
TA.)
Sb says, [making a distinction between بَدَلٌ and ↓ بَدِيلٌ,] you say, إِنَّ بَدَلَكَ زَيْدٌ, i. e. Verily Zeyd is in thy place: but if you put بَدَل in the place of بَدِيلِ, you say, إِنَّ بَدَلَكَ زَيْدٌ, i. e. ↓ إِنَّ بِدَيلَكَ زَيْدٌ [Verily thy substitute is Zeyd]: and a man says to another, Go thou with such a one; and he replies, مَعِىَ رَجُلٌ بَدَلُهُ, i. e. With me is a man who stands in his stead, and is in his place, or who will stand &c. (
M.) You say also, بَلَ كَذَا [and بَدَلًا مِنْ كَذَا], meaning Instead of, in the place of, in lieu of, or in exchange for, such a thing. (
Kull.) [And بَدَلَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ كَذَا Instead of thy doing thus.]
b2: الأَبْدَالُ (
IDrd,
S,
M,
K, &c.) and البُدَلَآءُ (
TA) [The Substitutes, or Lieutenants;] certain righteous persons, of whom the world is never destitute; when one dies, God substituting another in his place: (
S:) certain persons by means of whom God rules the earth; (
M,
K;) consisting of seventy men, (
IDrd,
M,
K,) according to their assertion, of whom the earth is never destitute; (
IDrd,
TA;) forty of whom are in Syria, and thirty in the other countries; (
IDrd,
M,
K;) none of them dying without another's supplying his place, (
M,
K,) from the rest of mankind; (
K;) and therefore they are named ابدال: (
M:)
accord. to Abu-lBakà, as stated by El-Munáwee, it seems that they meant [by this appellation] the substitutes and successors of the prophets; and
accord. to some, they were seven, neither more nor fewer, by means of whom God takes care of the seven climates; one being successor of Abraham (ElKhaleel), and to him pertains the first climate; the second, of Moses (El-Keleem); the third, of Aaron; the fourth, of Idrees; the fifth, of Joseph; the sixth, of Jesus; and the seventh, of Adam: (
TA: [in which is also mentioned a treatise denying their existence, and disapproving of the assertion that by means of them God takes care of the earth:]) the
sing. is بَدَلٌ and ↓ بِدْلٌ, (
T,) or ↓ بَدِيلٌ. (
IDrd,
S.)
b3: حُرُوفُ البَدَلِ (
M,
K) The letters of substitution; those which are substituted for other letters; not those which are substituted in consequence of idghám. (
M.) [The letters included under this appellation differ
accord. to different authors: see De Sacy's Gram. Ar.
2nd ed. i. 33.]
b4: ↓ بِدْلٌ (
Kr,
M,
K) and بَدَلٌ (
M,
K,) applied to a man, also signify Generous, and noble: (
Kr, *
M,
K:) and used in these senses, [says
ISd,] they are, in my opinion, not devoid of implication of the meaning of a substitute: (
M:) the
pl. is أَبْدَالٌ (
M,
K.) بَدِيلٌ: see بَدَلٌ, in six places بَدَّالٌ A seller of eatables (
A Heyth,
T,
K) of every kind: thus he is called by the Arabs; (
A Heyth,
T;) because he changes one sale for another; selling one thing to-day and another to-morrow: (
AHát,
TA:) the vulgar say, بَقَّالٌ. (
A Heyth,
T,
K.)
b2: Also One who has no more property than is sufficient for his purchasing one thing, and who, when he sells this, buys another thing in exchange for it. (
TA in art. جدل.) [Hence,] هٰذَا رَأْىُ الجَدَّالِينَ وَالبَدَّالِينَ is a phrase used as meaning This is flimsy opinion. (
TA in the present art. and in art. جدل, [but in the latter without the و,] on the authority of
AHeyth.) مُبْدَلٌ: see 2.
مَبْدَلٌ: see 2.
