السبر والتقسيم: هو حصر الأوصاف في الأصل وإلغاء بعض ليتعين الباقي للعلّية كما يقال: عِلّة حرمة الخمر إما الإسكارُ أو كونُه ماء العنب أو المجموع، وغيرُ الماء وغير الإسكار لا يكون علةً الذي يفيد إبطال علة الوصف فتعين الإسكار للعلة.
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