شفق
1 شَفِقَ and شَفَقَ: see 4, in five places.
b2: شَفِقَ عَلَيْهِ signifies He was niggardly of it: (
TA:) [thus] the saying [of a poet]
كَمَا شَفِقَتْ عَلَى الزَّادِ العِيَالُ means [Like as the household] are niggardly of the provision: (
IDrd,
M, O:) because he who is niggardly of a thing is عَلَيْهِ ↓ مُشْفِقٌ [i. e. fearful, or cautious, on account of it]. (
M.) 2 تَشْفِيقٌ signifies (
tropical:) The making [a gift or the like (see مُشَفَّقٌ)] scanty, or little in amount or quantity; as also ↓ إِشْفَاقٌ. (
O,
K,
TA.)
b2: and (
tropical:) The weaving badly. (
K,
TA.) You say, شفّق المِلْحَفَةَ (
tropical:) He wove badly, (
M,) or so as to make it scanty in the yarn, or unsubstantial, (
TA,) the [kind of wrapper called] ملحفة. (
M,
TA.)
A2: See also 4, last sentence.
4 اشفق signifies He feared, or was cautious; as also ↓ شَفِقَ [in the
CK شَفَقَ]; or only the former: (
K,
TA:) [
accord. to
ISd,] ↓ شَفِقَ,
inf. n. شَفَقٌ, signifies he feared: (
M:)
IDrd says, ↓ شَفِقْتُ [in one of my copies of the
S شفَقتُ] and أَشْفَقْتُ are
syn., (
S,
O,
TA,) as some assert, (
O,
TA,) but the lexicologists disallow this, (
S,
O,) saying that one should only say أَشْفَقْتُ: (
O:)
accord. to
Er-Rághib, الإِشْفَاقُ signifies [the being affected with] care, or solicitude, mixed with fear; and when it is
trans. by means of مِنْ, the meaning of fear is most apparent in it; but when
trans. by means of عَلَى, the meaning of care, or solicitude, is most apparent in it: (
TA: [and the like is said by
Bd in xxi. 29:]) or it signifies [the being affected with] fright [or fear]; sometimes mixed with faithful or sincere or honest advice; and sometimes divested thereof: (
Ham p. 179:) one says, أَشْفَقْتُ مِنْهُ, (
S,) or مِنْ كَذَا, (
Msb,) I feared, or was cautious of, (
S,
Msb,) him, or it, (
S,) or such a thing: (
Msb:) or اشفق مِنْهُ he feared him, or it: (
MA:) and أَشْفَقْتُ عَلَيْهِ, (
S, [in which it is implied that this differs from أَشْفَقْتُ مِنْهُ,]) or عَلَى الصَّغِيرِ, I was affectionate, kind, or compassionate, and favourably inclined, [towards him, or] towards the little one: (
Msb: [and a similar explanation is given in the
MA:]) and ↓ شَفَقْتُ,
aor. ـِ is a
dial. var. thereof [i. e. of أَشْفَقْتُ when
trans. by means of عَلَى, and perhaps also when it is
trans. by means of مِنْ]: (
Msb:) or اشفق عَلَيْهِ signifies [he was solicitously affectionate, &c., towards him; agreeably with the explanation of
Er-Rághib above, and with that here following;] he was affected with pity, or compassion, and tenderness, and fear, for him, at the same time giving him faithful or sincere or honest advice, أَنْ يَنَالَهُ مَكْرُوهٌ [lest some disliked or evil event should betide him]: (
TA:) or he feared, or was cautious, for him: and اشفق مِنْهُ he was impatient of him, or it: and ↓ شَفَقَ is a
dial. var. [of اشفق when
trans. by means of مِنْ, and
app. also when
trans. by means of عَلَى]. (
M.)
A2: See also 2.
A3: Also He entered upon [the time of] the شَفَق [
q. v.]. (
M.) And He came in a [time of] شَفَق: and so ↓ شفّق. (
M.) شَفَقٌ Fear: (
K:) [see also شَفِقَ, (of which it is the
inf. n.) in the next preceding paragraph:] or fear [arising] from strictness (شِدَّة) of faithful or sincere or honest advice; (
M,
TA;) as also ↓ شَفَقَةٌ: (
M:) or ↓ the latter signifies the fear of him who gives faithful or sincere or honest advice, in consequence of his doing so, for him to whom such advice is given: (
O:) or the former, (
K,
TA,) and ↓ the latter also, (
TA,) the eagerness, or striving, of him who gives such advice, to rectify, or amend, the state of him to whom that advice is given: (
K,
TA: [said in the latter to be a
tropical application of the words; but why, I see not:]) ↓ شَفَقَةٌ is
subst. from الإِشْفَاقُ, (
S,
Msb,
TA,) and شَفَقٌ is
syn. therewith (
S,
O,
K,
TA) as being also a
subst. from الإِشْفَاقُ: (
S,
TA:) [it is said that] the primary signification of ↓ شَفَقَةٌ is weakness: (
Ham p. 179:) and it is conjoined with خَوْفٌ [fear]; therefore it is not applied as an
attribute to God: (Idem p. 722:) [generally] it signifies affection, kindness, benignity, compassion, or favourable inclination: (
MA:) [or solicitous affection &c.:] or pity, or compassion, and tenderness, and fear of the betiding of some disliked or evil event, together with faithful or sincere or honest advice. (
TA.)
A2: شَفَقٌ also signifies The redness (
Kh,
S,
Msb,
K) in the horizon (
K) from sunset until the time of the last عِشَآء [i. e. nightfall], (
Kh,
S,
Msb,
K,) when it disappears, (
Kh,
S,
Msb,) and the white شَفَق remains until the middle [or rather until a late period varying at different seasons] of the night: (
Msb:) or until near that time: or until near the عَتَمَة [
q. v., generally meaning the same, or nearly so]: (
K:) or the redness that is seen in the sky at sunset: (
IDrd, O:) or the remains of the light and redness of the sun in the first part of the night, until near the عَتَمَة: (
S:) or the light and redness of the sun, seen at sunset, until the time of the prayer of nightfall: (
M:) or the mixture of the light of day with the blackness of night at sunset: (
Er-Rághib,
TA:)
accord. to
Zj, the redness that is in the region of sunset after the setting of the sun: this is the meaning given as of common repute in the books of lexicology; and
Mtr says [in the
Mgh] that it means the redness
accord. to a number of the Companions of the Prophet and of the people of the generation next succeeding them: but
accord. to Aboo-Hureyreh, it means the whiteness [after sunset, which, to distinguish it from the شَفَق commonly so called, is often termed the white شَفَق, as in an instance above]: (
Msb:)
IAth says that this word has two
contr. meanings; being applied to the redness that is seen after sunset; and to the whiteness remaining in the western horizon after the said redness. (
TA.)
Fr says, I heard one of the Arabs say, عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبٌ كَأَنَّهُ الشَّفَقُ [Upon him is, or was, a garment as though it were the شَفَق]: and it was red. (
S.)
b2: [Hence,] (
tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, dyed red. (
AA,
TA.)
b3: and Day. (
Zj,
M,
K.)
A3: Also
i. q. نَاحِيَةٌ (assumed
tropical:) [A side, &c.; or a remote side]:
pl. أَشْفَاقٌ. (
O,
K.) One says, أَنَا فِى أَشْفَاقٍ مِنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ i. e. نَوَاحٍ [meaning (assumed
tropical:) I am apart, or aloof, from this affair; as though in, or on, remote sides thereof]: (
O,
TA:) and in like manner فِى عُرُوضٍ مِنْهُ [
app. a mistranscription for عَرُوضٍ i. e. نَاحِيَةٍ] and فى أَعْرَاضٍ منه i. e. نَوَاحٍ. (
TA.)
A4: And (
tropical:) A bad thing;
syn. رَدِىْءٌ: (
Lth,
S,
M,
O,
K,
TA: [in the
TA said to be written by
J with kesr to the ف; but not so in either of my copies of the
S:]) applied to a garment, or piece of cloth, (
Mgh,
TA, and
Ham p. 179,) [in this sense, or] as meaning bad and thin: (
Mgh in art. خرث:) [said to be] from شَفَقَةٌ signifying “ weakness: ” (
Ham ubi suprà:) seldom pluralized: (
O:) and used alike as
masc. and
fem., being applied as an
epithet to a مِلْحَفَة, (
M,
O,) meaning رَدِيئَةٌ. (
M.) شَفِقٌ: see شَفِيقٌ, in two places.
شَفَقَةٌ: see شَفَقٌ, in five places.
شَفُوقٌ: see the next paragraph.
شَفِيقٌ is
syn. with ↓ مُشْفِقٌ as part.
n. of 4 [signifying Fearing, or fearful, or cautious; and also affectionate, kind, or compassionate, &c.]; (
S,
O,
Msb, *
K;) as also ↓ شَفِقٌ (
Msb) [and in an intensive sense ↓ شَفُوقٌ; and , from what follows, it appears that شَفِيقٌ also is used as an intensive
epithet]: or ↓ شَفِقٌ signifies fearing; and its
pl. is شَفِقُونَ: (
M,
TA:) and شَفِيقٌ, one giving faithful or sincere or honest advice, eager, or striving, to rectify, or amend, the state of him to whom that advice is given. (
M.) إِنَّ الشَّفِيقَ بِسُوْءِ ظَنٍ مُولَعٌ [Verily the affectionate, &c., or the very affectionate &c., is addicted to evil opinion,] is a
prov., applied in the case of the man who fears, for his friend, the accidents of fortune, by reason of his excessive شَفَقَة [or affection, &c.]. (
TA.) And it is said in the
Kur [xxi. 50], وَهُمْ مِنَ
↓ السَّاعَةِ مُشْفِقُونَ [meaning And who are fearful of the time of the resurrection]; the signification of fear being most apparent when مُشْفِقٌ is thus
trans. by means of مِنْ. (
TA.) See also an instance of ↓ مُشْفِقٌ [in a similar sense] in the first paragraph of this art. مُشْفَقٌ: see the last paragraph.
A2: [
Accord. to Freytag, it signifies also Fear: but he names no authority for this.]
مُشْفِقٌ: see شَفِيقٌ, in three places.
عَطَآءٌ مُشَفَّقٌ (
tropical:) A gift made scanty, or little in amount or quantity; (
S,
TA;) as also ↓ مُشْفَقٌ. (
TA.)
