قرض
1 قَرَضَهُ,
aor. ـِ (
S,
M,
A, &c.,)
inf. n. قَرْضٌ, (
S,
M,
Msb,) He cut it; (
S,
M,
A,
Mgh,
Msb,
K;) namely a thing, (
S,
Msb,) or a garment, or piece of cloth, (
A,
Mgh,) with the مِقْرَاض, (
A,
Mgh,
Msb,) and with the مِقْرَاضَانِ; (
Msb;) and in like manner, [or as signifying he cut it much, or frequently, or repeatedly,] you say, ↓ قرّضهُ, (
M,
TA,)
inf. n. تَقْرِيضٌ: (
TA:) this is the primary signification. (
TA.)
b2: Hence, (
TA,) said of a rat, or mouse, (
A'Obeyd,
S,
A,
Mgh,
Msb,)
aor. and
inf. n. as above, (
S, *
Msb,
TA,) He [cut it with his teeth; gnawed it; or] ate it; (
Msb;) namely a garment, or piece of cloth, (
S,
A,
Mgh,
Msb,
TA,) and bread, &c. (
TA.) You say also قَرَضَهُ بِنَابِهِ He cut it with his canine tooth, or fang. (
A.) And قَرَضَ البَعِيرُ جَرَّتَهُ, (
M,
TA,)
aor. as above, (
A,
TA,) and so the
inf. n., (
TA,) The camel chewed his cud: (
M,
A,
TA:) or returned it [to his mouth, to be chewed again, or to his stomach]. (
TA.)
b3: [Hence also,] قَرَضَ
رِبَاطَــهُ, (
S,
M,
A,
K,) [
lit.] He cut, or severed, his bond, i. e. the bond of his heart; and consequently, (
TA,) (assumed
tropical:) he died; (
IAar,
M,
K,
TA;) as also قَرَضَ alone, (
S, [in which the former is not explained]
O,
Msb,
K,) and قَرِضَ: (
IAar,
O,
K:) or (assumed
tropical:) he was at the point of death. (
K.) And you say, جَآءَ وَقَدْ قَرَضَ
رِبَاطَــهُ (
Az,
Az,
S, &c.) (assumed
tropical:) He came harassed, or distressed, or fatigued, and at the point of death: (
Az,
Az:) or (
tropical:) harassed, or distressed, by thirst, or by fatigue: (
A:) or (assumed
tropical:) in a state of intense thirst and hunger: (
M:) said of a man: (
S:) mentioned in the
S in such a manner as [appears] to indicate that the verb has here the first of the significations mentioned in this art.; but this is not the case [as is shown in the
S itself in art. ربط]. (
TA.) See also 7.
A2: [Hence also,] قَرَضْتُ الوَادِى (assumed
tropical:) I passed through, or across, the valley. (
Msb.) It is said in the
Kur, [xviii. 16,] وَإِذَا غَرَبَتْ تَقْرِضُهُمْ ذَاتَ الشِّمَالِ (assumed
tropical:) And when it [the sun] set, to leave them behind on the left; to pass by and beyond them, leaving them on its left: (
S,
K:) so explained by
AO, or by
A'Obeyd: (so
accord. to different copies of the
S,) to leave them and pass by them on the left; not falling upon them at all: (
Jel:) or to turn aside, or away, from them, on the left: (
Msb:) or to be over against them, on the left: from قَرَضْتُهُ, meaning حَذَوْتُهُ, i. e. I was over against him, or it; as also ↓ أَقْرَضْتُهُ. (
JK.) And a man says to his companion, Hast thou passed by such and such a place? and the man asked says قَرَضْتُهُ ذَاتَ اليَمِينِ لَيْلًا (assumed
tropical:) [I passed by it, leaving it behind, on the right, by night]. (
S.) The Arabs say, قَرَضْتُهُ ذَاتَ اليَمِينِ, and ذَاتَ الشِّمَالِ, and قُبُلًا, and دُبُرًا, (assumed
tropical:) I was over against him, or it, on the right, and on the left, and before, and behind. (
Fr.) You say also, قَرَضَ المَكَانَ, (
M,
Msb,
K,)
aor. and
inf. n. as above, (
M,) (assumed
tropical:) He turned aside, or away, from the place. (
M,
Msb,
K.) and قَرَضَ فِى الأَرْضِ (assumed
tropical:) He traversed the land. (
Z.) And قَرَضَ فِى سَيْرِهِ, (
M,
K,)
aor. and
inf. n. as above, (
M,) (assumed
tropical:) He turned to the right and left in his going or journeying. (
M,
K.) And قَرِضَ, like سَمِعَ, (assumed
tropical:) He, or it, passed away from a thing to another thing. (
IAar,
Sgh,
L,
K.)
A3: Hence also, (
TA,) قَرَضَ الشِّعْرَ, (
S,
Msb,
K,)
aor. as above, (
S,
Msb,) and so the
inf. n., (
S,) (
tropical:) He said, spoke, uttered, or recited, poetry; or he poetized, or versified;
syn. قَالَ الشِّعْرَ: (
A'Obeyd,
S,
K:) or he composed poetry according to rule: (
Msb:) because poetry consists of cut feet: or because it is called قَرِيض as being likened to the cud: (
A:) or because it is language cut out: (
Msb:) or as being likened to a garment; as though the poet cut it and divided it into portions; although
MF denies that this phrase is from قَرَضَ as signifying “ he cut: ” he has also assigned to قَرْضُ الشِّعْرِ a signification which belongs to تَقْرِيضٌ,
q. v. (
TA.)
A4: Hence also, قَرَضَهُ as
syn. with قَارَضَهُ,
q. v. (
TA.) 2 قَرَّضَ see 1, first signification.
A2: تَقْرِيضٌ also signifies (assumed
tropical:) The art of poetry: (
M,
TA:) or the criticism thereof; the picking out the faults thereof; and the discriminating, by consideration, of what is good thereof from what is bad, both expressed and speculative. (
TA.)
A3: Also, like تَقْرِيظٌ; (assumed
tropical:) The act of praising: or dispraising: (
S,
TA:) or it has both these
contr. significations; (
K,
TA;) relating to good and to evil; whereas تقريظ relates only to praise and good. (
TA.) You say, فُلَان يُقَرِّضُ صَاحِبَهُ (assumed
tropical:) Such a one praises his companion: or dispraises him. (
S.) 3 قارضهُ,
inf. n. مُقَارَضَةٌ and قِرَاضٌ, (
M,) [He lent to him, and received from him, a loan: or it signifies, or signifies also,]
i. q. أَقْرَضَهُ,
q. v. (
L,
TA.)
b2: قِرَاضٌ (
S,
A,
Msb,
K) and مُقَارَضَةٌ, (
S,
A,
K,) with the people of El-Hijáz, (
TA,) also signify
i. q. مُضَارَبَةٌ; (
S,
A,
Mgh,
Msb,
K;) as though it were a contract for traversing the land [for traffic], (
K,) from القَرْضُ فِى السَّيْرِ, or, as
Z says, from القَرْضُ فِى الأَرْضِ, meaning “ the traversing the land,” like as مضاربة is from الضَّرْبُ فِى الأَرْضِ; (
TA;) and the form of the contract is what is shown by the following explanation. (
K.) You say, قَارَضْتُهُ, (
S,
A,
Mgh,) or قَارَضْتُهُ مِنَ المَالِ, (
Msb,) I gave to him property (
S,
A,
Mgh,
K *) مُضَارَبَةً, (
A,
Mgh,) [i. e.] that he might traffic with it, on the condition that the gain should be between us, and the loss should fall upon the property. (
S,
K. [See also ضَارَبَهُ.])
b3: قارضهُ, (
S,
K,)
inf. n. مُقَارَضَةٌ, (
TA,) also signifies (
tropical:) He requited him; he compensated him; (
S,
K;) and so ↓ قَرَضَهُ, (
S,
K,)
inf. n. قَرْضٌ. (
TA.) Hence the saying of Abu-l-Wardà, (
TA,) إِنْ قَارَضْتَ النَّاسَ قَارَضُوكَ وَإِنْ تَرَكْتَهُمْ لَمْ يَتْرُكُوكَ وَإِنْ هَرَبْتَ مِنْهُمْ أَدْرَكُوكَ (
tropical:) (
A, *
TA) [If thou requite men their evil deeds, they will requite thee; and if thou leave them, they will not leave thee; and if thou flee from them, they will overtake thee]: meaning if thou do evil to them, they will do the like thereof to thee; and if thou leave them, thou wilt not be safe from them, for they will not let thee alone; and if thou revile them and injure them, they will revile thee and injure thee: he said this intending thereby to censure them: and it is from the signification of “ cutting. ” (
TA.) [See also قَرْضٌ, below.] You say also, فُلَانٌ يُقَارِضُ النَّاسَ,
inf. n. مُقَارَضَةٌ, (
tropical:) Such a one accords, or agrees, with men. (
A.) And قَارَضْتُهُ الزِّيَارَةَ (
tropical:) [I interchanged visiting with him]. (
A.) 4 اقرضهُ He cut off for him a portion, to be requited, or compensated, for it. (
Sgh,
K.) [And hence,] He gave him, or granted him, a قَرْض [or loan, or the like]; (
S,
M,
A, *
Mgh, *
K;) and ↓ قَارَضَهُ signifies the same as اقرضهُ. (
L,
TA.) You say also, اقرضهُ المَالَ, (
M,
Msb,) وَغَيْرَهُ, (
M,) [He lent him the property, &c.;] he gave him the property, &c., as a قَرْض; (
M;) he gave him the property, [&c.,] to demand its return. (
Msb.) It is said in the
Kur, [lxxiii. 20,] وَأَقْرِضُوا اللّٰهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا [
lit. And lend ye to God a good loan; meaning (assumed
tropical:) give ye to God good service for which to be requited]: (
S,
TA:) it is not here said إِقْرَاضًا because the simple
subst. [as distinguished from the
inf. n.] is what is meant. (
TA.) And again, in the same, [ii. 246, and lvii. 11,] مَنْ ذَا الَّذِى يُقْرِضُ اللّٰهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا, meaning,
accord. to Aboo-Is-hák the Grammarian, (assumed
tropical:) [Who is he who will offer unto God] a good action or gift, or anything for which a requital may be sought? or, as
Akh says, (assumed
tropical:) Who will do a good action by following and obeying the command of God? (
TA.) The Arabs say, قَدْ أَقْرَضْتَنِى قَرْضًا حَسَنًا (assumed
tropical:) Thou hast done to me a good deed [which I am bound to requite]. (
TA.) And it is said in a
trad., أَقْرِضٌ عِرْضَكَ لِيَوْمِ فَقْرِكَ (assumed
tropical:) [Lend thou thine honour for the day of thy poverty]; meaning, when a man defames thee, do not thou requite him, but reserve his recompense undiminished for thee, as a loan for the payment of which he is responsible, that thou mayest receive it from him in the day of thy need thereof: (
TA:) [but see عِرْضٌ.]
b2: [And hence,] أَقْرَضَنِى الشَّىْءَ He gave, or paid, to me the thing. (
M.)
A2: مَا عَلَيْهِ مَا يُقْرِضُ عَنْهُ العُيُونَ فَيَسْتُرُهُ (assumed
tropical:) [There is not upon him what will turn aside, or away, from him the eyes, and cover him]. (Ibn-'Abbád,
Sgh.)
A3: See alse 1, latter half.
6 تَقَاْرَضَ [تَقَارَضَا They lent and received loans, each to and from the other.]
A2: [And hence,] هُمَا يَتَقَارَضَانِ الخَيْرَ وَالشَّرَّ (assumed
tropical:) [They two interchanged good and evil, each with the other]; (IKh,
S,
K;) as also يتقارظان: (IKh:) [but see the latter in its proper place.] And هُمَا يَتَقَارَضَانِ المَدْحَ, (
Az,) or الثَّنَآءَ, (
A,
Msb,) or الثَّنَآءَ بَيْنَهُمْ, (
TA,) [or بَيْنَهُمَا, (in the
M, هُمْ يَتَقَارَضُونَ الثَّنَآءَ بَيْنَهُمْ,)] (
tropical:) They praise each other; (
Az,
Msb;) as also يتقارظان: (
Az:) or they requite, or compensate, each other with praise. (
TA.) And القِرْنَانِ يَتَقَارَضَانِ النَّظَرَ (assumed
tropical:) The two opponents, or adversaries, look askance, with anger, each at the other: (
S,
K:) and يَتَقَارَضُونَ نَظَرًا (assumed
tropical:) They look with enmity and vehement hatred, one at another. (
TA.) And هُمْ يَتَقَارَضُونَ الزِّيَارَةَ (
tropical:) [They interchange visiting]. (
A.) El-Kumeyt, says, يَتَقَارَضُ الحَسَنَ الجَمِيلَ مِنَ التَّأَلُّفِ وَالتَّزَاوُرْ meaning, Interchanging what is good and comely, of sociable conduct and mutual visiting. (
O.)
b2: El-Hasan El-Basree, being asked whether the companions of the Apostle of God used to jest, or joke, answered, (
TA,) نَعَمْ وَيَتَقَارَضُونَ, (
K, *
TA,) i. e. Yes, and they used to recite poetry [one to another]: (
TA:) from قَرِيضٌ as signifying “ poetry. ” (
K.) 7 انقرضوا (assumed
tropical:) They passed away, or perished, [as though cut off,] (
S,
K,) all of them, (
K,) not one of them remaining; (
S;) as also ↓ قُرِضُوا [perhaps a mistake for قَرِضُوا: see 1]. (
TA.) 8 اقترض He received what is termed قَرْض [a loan, or the like], (
S,
Msb,
K,)
i. q. اِسْتَلَفَ; (A;) مِنْهُ from him. (
S,
A,
K.)
A2: اقترض عِرْضَهُ (assumed
tropical:) He defamed him, or spoke evil of him, behind his back or in his absence, or otherwise;
syn. اِغْتَابَهُ: (
K:) as though he cut off [somewhat] from his honour. (
TA.) 10 استقرض مِنْ فُلَانٍ, (
S,
Msb, *) or استقرضهُ, (
A,
Mgh,) He sought, or demanded, of such a one what is termed قَرْض [a loan, or the like]. (
S,
A, *
Mgh, *
Msb.)
b2: [And hence,] اِسْتَقْرَضْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ I sought, or demanded, of him the gift, or payment [in advance], of the thing. (
M.) قَرْضٌ (
S,
M,
A,
Mgh,
Msb,
K) and ↓ قِرْضٌ; (
Ks,
S,
M,
K;) or,
accord. to
Th, the former is an
inf. n., and the latter a simple
subst., but this [says
ISd] does not please me; (
M;) or the former is an
inf. n. used as a
subst.; (
Mgh;) or a
subst. from أَقْرَضْتُهُ المَالَ; (
Msb;) [A loan: and the like:] a piece of property which a man cuts off from his [other] articles of property, and which, itself, he receives back; [in rendering the explanation in the
Mgh, for the words فَيُعْطِيه عينًا in my copy of that work; I read فَيُقْضَاهُ عَيْنًا, which makes this agreeable with explanations given in other works;] but what is due to the one from the other as a debt is not so called; (
Mgh, [see دَيْنٌ;]) what one gives, (
S,
Msb,
K,) to another, (
Msb,) of property, (
S,
Msb,) to receive it back, (
S,
K,) or to demand it back: (
Msb:) or a thing that one gives to be requited for it, or to receive it back: (
TA in art. فرض:) or a thing of which men demand the payment [or restitution], one of another: (
M,
L:) or a thing which a man gives, or (assumed
tropical:) does, to be requited for it: (Aboo-Is-hák the Grammarian, and
TA:)
pl. قُرُوضٌ. (
M,
Msb.) You say, عَلَيْهِ قَرْضٌ [He owes a loan], and قُرُوضٌ [loans]. (
A.)
b2: Hence, (
S,
TA,) (
tropical:) What one does, in order to be requited it, of good, and of evil. (
S,
K,
TA.) See three exs. above, under 4. The Arabs also say, قَدْ أَحْسَنْتَ قَرْضِى, meaning (assumed
tropical:) Thou hast done to me a good deed [which I am bound to requite]. (
TA.) And لَكَ عِنْدِى قَرْضٌ حَسَنٌ, and قَرْضٌ سَيِّئٌ (assumed
tropical:) I owe thee a good deed, and an evil deed. (Aboo-Is-hák the Grammarian, and
TA.) قِرْضٌ: see قَرْضٌ.
قَرِيضٌ The cud: (
Lth, A:) or what the camel returns [to his mouth, to be chewed again, or to his stomach,] of his cud; (
S,
K;) as also ↓ مَقْرُوضٌ: (
S:) or it is applied to the cud (جِرَّة) of the camel, and signifies chewed: or,
accord. to
Kr, this is فَرِيضٌ, with ف. (
M.) And hence,
accord. to some, the saying حَالَ الجَرِيضُ دُونَ القَرِيضِ [explained in art. جرض]: but
accord. to others, the last word in this saying has the signification next but one following. (
S.)
A2: The sound, or voice, of a man in dying. (Er-Riyáshee, in
TA, art. جرض.)
A3: (
tropical:) Poetry: (
S,
M,
A,
Msb,
K:) so called for one or another of the reasons mentioned under 1, last sentence but one; (
A,
Msb,
TA;) of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: (
Msb:) El-Aghlab El-'Ijlee distinguishes between it and رَجَز. (
IB.) قُرَاضَةٌ [Cuttings; clippings; and the like;] what falls by the action termed القَرْض; (
S,
A, *
Mgh, *
K;) as, for instance, of gold, (
S,
TA,) and of silver; and of a garment, or piece of cloth, which a tailor cuts with his shears; (
TA;) and of this last, and of bread, (
JK,
TA,) &c., (
TA,) by the gnawing (قَرْض) of a rat, or mouse: (
JK,
A,
Mgh,
TA:)
pl. قُرَاضَاتٌ. (
TA.)
b2: [Hence,] أَخَذَ الأَمْرَ بِقُرَاضَتِهِ (assumed
tropical:) He took the thing, or affair, in its fresh state. (
M,
L.)
b3: [Hence also,] قُرَاضَةُ المَالِ (assumed
tropical:) [The refuse, or] what is bad, vile, paltry, or of no account, of property. (
TA.)
b4: قُرَاضَةٌ also relates to an evil action, and an evil saying, which one man directs against another. (
TA.) [What is meant by this is not clear to me.]
قَرَّاضَةٌ A certain creeping insect (دُوَيْبَّة) that eats wool. (
TA.)
b2: [And hence,
app.,] (assumed
tropical:) A man who defames others, or speaks evil of them, behind their backs, or otherwise;
syn. مُغْتَابٌ لِلنَّاسِ. (
TA.) اِبْنُ مِقْرَضٍ, (
S,
M,
A,
Msb,) [in one copy of the
S, ابن مُقْرِضٍ, and in another, ابن مُقَرَّضٍ,] like مِقْوَد, (
Msb,) [A species of weasel;] a certain small beast (دُوَيْبَّة), (
S,
M,
Msb,) called in Persian دَلَهٌ, (
S,
Msb,) or دَلَّهٌ, (as in one copy of the
S,) whence the arabicized word دَلَقٌ, (
Msb,) which kills pigeons, (
S,
M,
A,) seizing upon their throats, and it is a species of rat; (A;) the longbacked quadruped that kills pigeons: (
Lth,
O,
Msb:) this last explanation is given by the author of the
Bári', after saying that it is a small beast (دويبّة), like the cat, which is in houses, and, when angry, gnaws clothes: (
Msb:)
accord. to some,
i. q. النِّمْسُ [
q. v.]: (
Msb:)
pl. بَنَاتُ مِقْرَضٍ. (
A, (
Msb.) مُقَرِّضَاتُ الأَسَاقِى A [kind of] small creeping thing (دُوَيْبَّة), which makes holes in, and cuts, skins used for water or milk. (
M.) مِقْرَاضٌ is the
sing. of مَقَارِيضُ; (
S,
Msb,
K;) and a pair thereof is called مِقْرَاضَانِ: (
Msb,
K:) the مِقْرَاض is [A single blade of a pair of shears or scissors;] a thing with which one [shears, or clips, or] cuts; and when you speak of the two together, you do not say مِقْرَاضٌ, as the vulgar say, but مِقْرَاضَانِ; (
Msb;) which last is
syn. with جَلَمَانِ [a pair of shears]; a word,
accord. to the lexicologists having no
sing.; but
Sb mentions مِقْرَاضٌ, thus using the
sing. form: (
M:) or مِقْرَاضٌ and مِقْرَاضَانِ signify the same; [a pair of shears;] like جلَمٌ and جَلَمَانِ, and قَلَمٌ and قَلَمَانِ: (
Msb in art. جلم:) or مِقْرَاضٌ signifies جَلَمٌ صَغِيرٌ [a small pair of shears; i. e. a pair of scissors]: (
JK:) 'Adee Ibn-Zeyd uses the expression شَفْرَتَا مِقْرَاضٍ [the two blades of a pair of shears or scissors] in a poem; (
IB;) and other poets use the
sing., مقراض: (
TA:) and مِفْرَاصٌ, with ف and ص, signifies the same. (
IB.) Hence the saying, لِسَانُ فُلَانِ مِقْرَاضُ الأَعْرَاضِ (
tropical:) [The tongue of such a one is the detractor of reputations]. (
TA.) مَقْرُوضٌ
pass. part. n. of قَرَضَهُ.
b2: See قَرِيضٌ.
