(س ل م) : (سَلِمَ) مِنْ الْآفَاتِ (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ سَلِمَتْ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ أَيْ خَلَصَتْ وَبِمَصْدَرِهِ سُمِّيَتْ (سَلَّامَةُ) بِنْتُ مَعْقِلٍ أَمَةُ الْحُتَاتِ بِضَمِّ الْحَاءِ وَالتَّاءَيْنِ بِنُقْطَتَيْنِ مِنْ فَوْقَ وَقِيلَ بِالْبَاءَيْنِ بِنُقْطَةٍ وَالسَّارِقَةُ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ (وَبِاسْمِ الْفَاعِلِ) مِنْهُ سُمِّيَ سَالِمُ ابْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَاوِي حَدِيثِ رَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ (وَبِفَعَّالِ الْمُبَالَغَةِ) سُمِّيَ وَالِدُ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ وَأَبِي نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ (وَبِفَعْلَانَ مِنْهُ) سُمِّيَ سَلْمَانُ الْفَارِسِيُّ وَسَلْمَانُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ الْبَاهِلِيُّ قَاضِي الْكُوفَةِ (وَسَلْمَانُ) أَيْضًا حَيٌّ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ إلَيْهِ يُنْسَبُ عُبَيْدَةُ السَّلْمَانِيُّ مِنْ التَّابِعِينَ وَالْمُحَدِّثُونَ عَلَى التَّحْرِيكِ وَأَنْكَرَهُ السِّيرَافِيُّ (وَأَمَّا سُلَيْمَانُ) فَأَعْجَمِيٌّ (وَالسَّلَمُ) بِفَتْحَتَيْنِ مِنْ الْعِضَاهِ (وَبِوَاحِدَتِهِ) سُمِّيَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ صَخْرٍ الْبَيَاضِيُّ (وَكُنِّيَ) أَبُو سَلَمَةَ زَوْجُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَبْلَ النَّبِيِّ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ (وَقَوْلُهُ) السُّلَّمُ لَا يَدْخُلُ فِي الْبَيْعِ مِنْ غَيْرِ ذِكْرٍ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ مِنْ خَشَبٍ أَوْ مَدَرٍ يَعْنِي: الْمِعْرَاجَ وَهُوَ مَا يُعْرَجُ فِيهِ وَيُرْتَقَى عَلَيْهِ وَقَدْ يُؤَنَّثُ قَالَ اللَّيْثُ يُقَالُ هِيَ السُّلَّمُ وَهُوَ السُّلَّمُ وَالْجَمْع السَّلَالِيمُ قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - سُمِّيَ بِهَذَا لِأَنَّهُ يُسَلِّمُك إلَى حَيْثُ تُرِيدُ (وَأَسْلَمَ الثَّوْبَ) إلَى الْخَيَّاطِ وَأَسْلَمَ فِي الْبُرِّ أَسْلَفَ مِنْ السَّلَمِ وَأَصْلُهُ أَسْلَمَ الثَّمَنَ فِيهِ فَحُذِفَ وَقَدْ جَاءَ عَلَى الْأَصْلِ (مِنْهُ) قَوْلُهُ إذَا أَسْلَمَ صُوفًا فِي لَبْدٍ أَوْ شَعْرًا فِي مِسْحٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ وَسَلَّمَ إلَيْهِ وَدِيعَتَهُ تَسْلِيمًا (وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ) لَا يَتِمُّ الرَّهْنُ حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّاهِنُ بَعْدَمَا خَرَجَ مَنْ الدَّارِ سَلَّمْتُكَهَا عَلَى حَذْفِ الْجَارِّ فَسَهْوٌ (وَالسَّلَامُ) اسْمٌ مِنْ التَّسْلِيمِ كَالْكَلَامِ مِنْ التَّكْلِيمِ (وَبِهِ) سُمِّيَ وَالِدُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ وَكَذَا سَلَامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمٍ عَنْ الْأَزْهَرِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ وَهُوَ أَبُو زَيْنَبَ وَكَانَ مِنْ الْيَهُودِ وَيُنْشَدُ لِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ
سَقَانِي فَرَوَانِي كُمَيْتًا مُدَامَةً ... عَلَى ظَمَإٍ مِنِّي سَلَامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمِ
وَأَبُو نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَامٍ وَاسْتَلَمَ الْحَجَرَ تَنَاوَلَهُ بِالْيَدِ أَوْ بِالْقُبْلَةِ أَوْ مَسَحَهُ بِالْكَفِّ مِنْ السَّلِمَةِ بِفَتْحِ السِّينِ وَكَسْرِ اللَّامِ وَهِيَ الْحَجَرُ (وَبِهَا سُمِّيَ) بَنُو سَلِمَةَ بَطْنٌ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ.

(سلم) - فيَ الحديث: "ما من آدمي إلا ومَعَه شيطان. قيل: ومَعَك؟
قال: نعم، ولكن الله تَعَالى أَعانَني عليه، فأَسْلَمُ"
وفي رواية: "حتَّى أَسْلَم".
: أي انْقادَ وكَفَّ عن وَسْوَسَتِى. وقيل: دَخَل في الإسْلام، فسَلِمتُ من شَرِّه.

سلم

1 سَلِمَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. سَلَامَةٌ (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and سَلَامٌ (A, TA) and سَلَمٌ and سَلْمٌ and سِلْمٌ, (Bd in xxxix. 30,) He was, or became, safe, or secure; or he escaped; (M, TA;) or he was, or became, free; (TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Mgh,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ البَلَآءِ [from trial, or affliction], (A, TA,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]: (M:) he (a traveller) was, or became, safe, secure, or free, from evils of any kind: (Msb:) and سَلِمَ مِنَ العَيْبِ he was, or became, free from fault, defect, imperfection, blemish, or vice; syn. بَرِئَ. (Msb in art. برأ.) [Hence,] one says, لَا بِذِى تَسْلَمُ مَا كَانَ

گَذَا وَكَذَا, (ISk, S, K, *) meaning No, by God [or Him] who maketh thee to be in safety, (ISk, S, K,) [such and such things were not;] and to two persons لا بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and to a pl. number لا بذى تَسْلَمُونَ, and to a female لا بذى تَسْلَمِينَ, and to a pl. number [of females] لا بذى تَسْلَمْنَ. (ISk, S, K. *) And لَا أَفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, meaning, بِذِى سَلَامَتِكِ [i. e. I will not do that, by the Author (lit. Lord or Master) of thy safety]; and in like manner, بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and بذى تَسْلَمُونَ. (Sb, M. [See also ذو.]) And اِذْهَبْ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, i. e. اِذْهَبْ بِسَلَامَتِكَ [Go thou with thy safety; or, with the Author of thy safety to protect thee; meaning go thou in safety]; and [to two persons]

اِذْهَبَا بِذِى تَسْلَمَانِ. (S, K.) ذى is thus prefixed to a verb [as virtually governing it in the gen. case] like as آيَة is in an instance mentioned under this latter word; but these are two extr. instances; for only a noun significant of time is [regularly] prefixed to a verb, as in the phrase هٰذَا يَوْمُ يُفْعَلُ, meaning يُفْعَلُ فِيهِ: (Akh, S:) it is not prefixed to any but this verb تَسْلَمُ [and its variations as above mentioned]. (Sb, M, K.) b2: And hence, (Mgh,) one says also, سَلِمَتْ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ, meaning [The landed estate] was, or became, free from participation to him; syn. خَلَصَت. (Mgh, TA.) A2: سلمهُ, [app. سَلَمَهُ, or perhaps سَلِمَهُ, for some verbs of this measure are trans., as حَسِبَ and وَرِثَ,] inf. n. سلم, [app. سَلَمٌ, q. v. infrà,] He made him a captive. (TA.) A3: سَلَمَتْهُ الحَيَّةُ, (TA,) inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M, K, TA,) The serpent bit him: (M, * K, * TA:) mentioned by Az, but he adds that no one but Lth has said this. (TA.) A4: سَلَمَ الجِلْدَ, aor. ـِ (S, K,) inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (TA,) He tanned the skin with [قَرَظ, i. e. leaves of] the سَلَم [or mimosa flava]. (S, K, TA.) b2: سَلَمَ الدَّلْوَ, (M, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M,) He finished making the leathern bucket; and made it firm, strong, or sound, or made it firmly, strongly, or soundly. (M, K.) 2 سلّمهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَسْلِيمٌ, (K,) He (God) made him to be safe, secure, or free; saved, secured, or freed, him; (M, Msb, TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Msb,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]. (M.) [Freytag assigns the same meaning to ↓ اسلمهُ also, as on the authority of the Ham; in which I find no explanation of this verb except one which will be found later in this paragraph.] b2: [Hence,] التَّسْلِيمُ is also syn. with السَّلَامُ, (S, K, TA,) as meaning The saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his safety, or security, or freedom, from evils of any kind in his religion and in his person; and the interpretation thereof is [the expressing a desire for] التَّخْلِيصٌ; (Mbr, TA;) or the saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his life; or, by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [q. v. infrà, voce سَلَامٌ]; syn. التَّحِيَّةُ. (TA.) You say, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ [meaning He so saluted, or greeted, him]. (M, Msb.) [This, when said of God, virtually means سَلَّمَهُ, i. e. He saved him; and should be rendered agreeably with this explanation in the phrase commonly used after the mention of the Prophet, صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ May God bless and save him. You say also, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالخِلَافَةِ He saluted him with the acknowledgment of his being Khaleefeh; saying, سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَمِيرَ المُؤْمِنِينَ Salutation to thee, or peace be on thee, &c., O Prince of the Faithful.] التَّسْلِيمَةُ signifies The salutation that is pronounced on finishing every two rek'ahs in prayer: (Har p. 180:) [and also that which is pronounced after the last rek'ah of each of the prayers (i. e. after the sunneh prayers and the fard alike), addressed to the two guardian and recording angels: (see my “ Modern Egyptians,” ch. iii., p. 78 of the 5th ed.:) and سَلَّمَ means He pronounced either of those salutations.] b3: [Hence also,] سلّم إِلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, (S, K, *) inf. n. as above; (K;) and ↓ اسلم اليه الشىءَ; (M;) He gave to him the thing; (S, * M, K;) or delivered it to him: (M:) [he resigned it to him:] and سلّم إِلَيْهِ الوَدِيعَةَ, (Mgh,) or سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, He delivered the deposit [to him, or] to its owner: (Msb:) and ↓ اسلم الثَّوْبَ إِلَى الخَيَّاطِ (Mgh) signifies the same as سلّمهُ إِلَيْهِ [i. e. He delivered the garment, or piece of cloth, to the tailor]. (Har p. 166.) b4: See also 4, in two places. b5: You say also, سلّم الأَجِيرُ نَفْسَهُ لِلْمُسْتَأْجِرِ The hired man gave himself up, or gave authority over himself, to the hirer. (Msb.) And ↓ أَسْلَمْتُهُ and سَلَّمْتُهُ I left him in the power of him who desired to kill him or to wound him. (Ham p. 115.) And لِلْهَلَكَةِ ↓ اسلمهُ [He gave him up to destruction]: in this case with [the prep.] ل only. (Har p. 166.) and الرَّجُلَ ↓ اسلم, (S, * M, Msb, *) or العَدُوَّ, (K,) He left, forsook, or deserted, (M, K,) the man, (S, * M, Msb, *) or the enemy; (K;) or abstained from aiding, or assisting, him; (S, M, Msb, K;) and threw him into destruction. (IAth, TA.) and لِمَا بِهِ ↓ اسلمهُ He left him [to that bane which was in him: app. referring to the bite of a serpent, or any evil affection: see سَلِيمٌ, third sentence]. (S, * M.) b6: And سلّم أَمْرَهُ إِلَى اللّٰهِ and ↓ اسلمهُ, both meaning the same, (S, Msb, K, TA,) i. e. He committed his case to God. (TA.) b7: And سلّم الدَّعْوَى He acknowledged the truth [or justice] of the claim, demand, or suit; [he conceded its truth or justice;] from سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, expl. above; denoting an ideal delivering [or yielding of a thing to another person]. (Msb.) [Hence one says, سلّم أَنَّهُ كَذَا He conceded that it was thus.] b8: And التَّسْلِيمُ signifies also [The assenting, or] the giving [one's] approval (S, K, TA) unreservedly, (S,) to that which is ordained, or decreed, (S, K, TA,) by God; and the submitting to his commands; and the abstaining from offering opposition in the case in which it is not becoming [to do so]. (TA.) You say, سلّم لِأَمْرِ اللّٰهِ He assented to the command of God: [or he gave his approval to it:] or he submitted to it; as also ↓ اسلم. (MA.) 3 سالمهُ, (M, Msb,) inf. n. مُسَالَمَةٌ (S, M, Msb) and سِلَامٌ, (M, Msb,) He made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, with him; or he reconciled himself with him: [implying mutual concession, or a compromise:] (S, * M, Msb:) and سَالَمَا They made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, or they reconciled themselves, each with the other. (K.) 4 أَسْلَمَ see 2, in nine places. [The first of the meanings there assigned to this verb is, in my opinion, more than doubtful. In all its senses, it seems to be properly trans.: when it is used as an intrans. verb, an objective complement is app. understood. Thus,] أَسْلَمَ is syn. with أَسْلَفَ [as meaning He paid in advance, or beforehand]; (S, M, Mgh, Msb;) الثَّمَنَ [the price] being suppressed, though sometimes it is expressed; (Mgh;) as also ↓ سلّم; (M;) and ↓ تسلّم, as occurring in a trad., where it is said, مَنْ تَسَلَّمَ فِى شَىْءٍ فَلَا يَصْرِفُهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ [Whoso pays in advance for a thing, he shall not turn it over, or transfer it, to another than him]; but KT says that he had not heard this verb thus used except in this instance. (TA.) So the first of these verbs signifies in the saying, اسلم فِى الطَّعَامِ (S) or فى البُرِّ (Mgh) [He paid in advance for the wheat], and فى الشَّىْءِ [for the thing], as also ↓ سلّم. (M.) and hence the saying, إِذَا أَسْلَمَ صُوفًا فِى لِبْدٍ أَوْ شَعَرًا فِى

مِسْحٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ [If he give in advance wool for felt, or goats' hair for a garment, or piece, of haircloth, it will not be allowable]. (Mgh.) And so in the phrase, أَسْلَمْتُ إِلَيْهِ [I paid in advance to him]. (Msb.) b2: Also [He resigned, or submitted, himself; نَفْسَهُ being understood: or] he was, or became, resigned, or submissive; (M, K;) and so ↓ استسلم: (S, M, Msb, K:) you say, اسلم لِلّٰهِ [He resigned, or submitted, himself, or he was, or became, resigned, or submissive, to God: see also an ex. (before referred to) in the last sentence of the second paragraph: or he was, or became, sincere in his religion, or without hypocrisy, towards God: see مُسْلِمٌ]: (Msb:) [or]

اسلم signifies he entered into السِّلْم, (S, Msb,) which here means الاِسْتِسْلَام [i. e. the state of resignation, or submission]. (S.) b3: And He became a Muslim; as also ↓ تسلّم; (M, * K;) as in the saying, كَانَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ تَسَلَّمَ, i. e. أَسْلَمَ [He was an unbeliever, or a denier of the unity of God, &c.; then he became a Muslim]: (M:) or he entered [the pale, or communion, of] the religion of الــإِسْلَام. (S, * Msb.) الــإِسْلَامُ as a principle of the law of God is The manifesting of humility or submission, and outward conforming with the law of God, and the taking upon oneself to do or to say as the Prophet has done or said: for this, the blood is to be spared, and one may demand the repelling of evil: (T, * M:) and if there is therewith firm belief with the heart, it is إِيمَانٌ: (T:) this is the doctrine of Esh-Sháfi'ee; but the doctrine of Aboo-Haneefeh makes no difference between these two terms: (KT:) [agreeably with the former doctrine,] Th well and briefly says, الاسلام is with the tongue, and الايمان is with the heart: and he says, in explaining verse 48 of ch. v. of the Kur, that every prophet has been sent with الاسلام, though the ordinances differ. (M.) b4: One says also, أَسْلَمْتُ عَنْهُ, meaning I left it [app. an affair, as in an explanation in the TK,] after I had been [engaged] in it. (Ibn-Buzurj, K.) And اسلم occurs intransitively in the saying, كَانَ رَاعِىَ غَنَمٍ ثُمَّ

أَسْلَمَ, meaning [He was a pastor of sheep, or goats; then] he left them. (M.) b5: [Freytag assigns to اسلم another signification “ Adscendere fecit (vid. a سُلَّم),” as from the Ham, p. 39: but this is app. a mistake, into which he has been led by a saying, there cited, of Zuheyr, which I read thus: هَوِىَّ الدَّلْوِ أَسْلَمَهَا الرِّشَآءُ (meaning, The descent, or as the descent, of the bucket that the well-rope has let go): and by its being there said that “ you should not prefer any reading of هوى to that with damm, though it has been said otherwise: ” whereas the correct reading is, in my opinion, هَوِىّ, agreeably with what here follows:] Er-Riyáshee says, on the authority of Az, that الهَوِىُّ, with fet-h, is downwards; and with damm, upwards; and he cites the saying above as an ex. of the word as meaning downwards. (TA in art. هوى.) 5 تسلّم مِنْهُ He asserted, or declared, himself to be free from, or clear of, or quit of, it, or him. (M.) b2: تسلّم is also syn. with أُسْلَمَ, in two senses: see the latter, in two places.

A2: and تسلّمهُ signifies He took it, or received it; namely, a thing given, or delivered. (S, M, Msb, K.) 6 تسالموا, (M,) and تسالما, (K,) inf. n. تَسَالُمٌ, (S,) They, (M,) or they two, (K,) made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, (S, * M, K,) one with another, (S, M,) or each with the other. (S, K.) [See also 8.] b2: One says of a man, (M,) of a great, or frequent, liar, (TA,) لَا تَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, [for تَتَسَالَمُ,] (M,) or لَا يَتَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, (K, TA,) [(assumed tropical:) His two troops of horses will not agree in pace, each with the other;] meaning (tropical:) [his assertions will not be found to agree together; or] he will not say what is true, so that it may be accepted from him: for تَسَالَمَتْ, said of horses, means (assumed tropical:) they kept pace, one with another; (تَسَايَرَتْ [q. v.];) not exciting one another. (M, K, TA.) 8 استلم He became at peace, or reconciled. (TA.) Hence the saying, (TA,) هُوَ لَا يَسْتَلَمُ عَلَى

سَخَطِهِ He will not become at peace, or reconciled, during his displeasure at a thing. (K, TA.) [See also 6.] b2: استلم الزَّرْعُ The seed-produce put forth its ears. (K.) A2: استلم الحَجَرَ He touched, (S, K,) or reached, (Mgh,) the stone, [meaning the Black Stone of the Kaabeh,] by kissing, or with the hand: (S, Mgh, K:) or he wiped it, or stroked it, with the hand: (Mgh:) or he kissed the stone: or he embraced it: (M:) and اِسْتَلْأَمَهُ signifies the same; (M, K;) but is not the original: (M:) accord. to ISk, the Arabs pronounced it with hemz, contr. to analogy; (Msb;) or it should not be pronounced with hemz, though some thus pronounce it, (S,) the original being استلم, (ISk, Msb,) because it is from سِلَامٌ [pl. of سَلِمَةٌ] signifying “ stones,” (ISk, S, * M, Msb, * [in the Mgh, from سَلِمَةٌ signifying “ a stone,” and in the Msb the pl. of سَلِمَةٌ is said to be سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ,]) accord. to Sb, who says that it does not denote the act of taking; (M;) or, accord. to Sb, it is from السَّلَامُ, with fet-h, meaning “ salutation,” and it means the touching with the hand by way of salutation in order to obtain a blessing thereby: (TA:) but accord. to IAar, the original is with hemz, from المُلَآءَمَةُ, meaning الاِجْتِمَاعُ [“ the coming together,” &c., because denoting contact]. (Msb.) Abu-t-Tufeyl is related to have said, رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَطُوفُ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ يَسْتَلِمُ بِمِحْجَنِهِ وَيُقَبِّلُ المِحْجَنَ [i. e. I saw the Apostle of God (may God bless and save him) circuiting around the Kaabeh, upon his camel, touching the Black Stone with his hooked staff, and kissing the hooked staff]. (TA.) The primary signification of الاِسْتِلَامُ is [said to be] The wiping, or stroking, the سَلِمَة, i. e. the stone: afterwards it was used in relation to other things, and one said اِسْتَلَمْتُ يَدَهَا, meaning I stroked, or kissed, her hand. (Har pp. 30 and 31.) b2: استلم الخُفُّ قَدَمَيْهِ means The boot rendered his feet soft [after he had been accustomed to walking barefoot]. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَسْلَمَ see 4, in the former half of the paragraph.

A2: استسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ He went upon the middle of the road, not missing it. (K, * TA. [In the CK, after واسْتَسْلَمَ انقادَ, for وثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, meaning واستسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, is erroneously put وتَسَلَّمَ الطَّرِيقَ, assigning to تسلّم a meaning belonging to استسلم.]) Q. Q. 2 تَمَسْلَمَ [from مُسْلِمٌ] He named, or called, himself a Muslim; or he named himself Muslim; his name having before been Mohammad: (M, K:) mentioned by Er-Ru-ásee. (M.) سَلْمٌ: see the next paragraph, in six places.

A2: Also A leathern bucket (دَلْوٌ) having one عُرْوَة [or loop-shaped handle], (T, S, M, K,) with which the waterer walks, like the buckets (دِلَآء) of the attendants of the camels or other beasts upon which water is drawn or which carry water, (T, TA,) or like the دَلْو of the water-carriers: (S, K:) expl. in the S as above as on the authority of AA; but IB says that the correct explanation is, having one عَرْقُوَة [or stick fixed across from one part of the brim to the to the opposite part, serving as a handle as well as to keep it from collapsing]: (TA:) of the masc. gender [whereas دَلْوٌ is fem.]: (M:) pl. [of pauc.] أَسْلُمٌ and [of mult.] سِلَامٌ, (M, K,) and Lh mentions as its pl. أَسَالِمُ, which is extr. [unless as a pl. pl., i. e. pl. of أَسْلُمٌ]. (M.) سِلْمٌ Peace, or reconciliation; as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) masc. and fem.; (S, Msb, K; *) and ↓ سَلَمٌ and ↓ سَلَامٌ are like سِلْمٌ [in signification]: (M: [the context there shows that the signification mentioned above is what is meant in this instance:]) or سِلْمٌ signifies the making peace, or becoming at peace or reconciled, with another or others; (Ham p. 80;) as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; and both are sometimes fem. as being syn. with مُصَالَحَةٌ. (L voce جَنَحَ, q. v.) In the saying of El-Aashà, أَذَاقَتْهُمُ الحَرْبُ أَنْفَاسَهَا

↓ وَقَدْ تُكْرَهُ الحَرْبُ بَعْدَ السِّلِمْ [War made them, or has made them, to taste its draughts, and verily war is disliked after peace], he has transferred the vowel of the م to the ل, in pausing; or it may be that he has inserted a kesreh in imitation of the preceding kesreh: it is not an instance like إِبِل, in the opinion of Sb; for in his opinion the latter is the only instance of its kind. (M.) It is said in a trad., respecting El-Hodeybiyeh, أَخَذَ ثَمَانِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ سِلْمًا, or ↓ سَلْمًا, or ↓ سَلَمًا, accord. to different relations, meaning [He took forty of the people of Mekkeh] peaceably: thus expl. by El-Homeydee, in his “ Ghareeb. ” (TA. [See also سَلَمٌ below.]) b2: Also i. q. ↓ سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) as signifying Selfresignation, or submission; (TA; [and thus the latter is expl. in one place in the S;]) which is also a signification of ↓ سَلَمٌ: (S, M, K, TA:) and this is meant in the Kur [iv. 96], where it is said, لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا ↓ وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ, (Bd, TA,) or ↓ السَّلَمَ, as some read, (Bd,) [i. e. and say not ye to him who offers to you submission, Thou art not a believer:] or ↓ السَّلَامَ here means the salutation of الــإِسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ]: (Bd, TA: *) or salutation, and submission by uttering the profession of الــإِسْلَام; and so ↓ السَّلَمَ: (Jel:) [or the latter here means, simply, salutation; and this is app. what is meant by its being said that] السَّلَمُ is the subst. from التَّسْلِيمُ; (K;) [but accord. to SM,] this means the unreserved approval of what is decreed; and this is said to be meant by the reading السَّلَمَ mentioned above. (TA.) b3: And [hence] السِّلْمُ signifies also الــإِسْلَامُ [as meaning The religion of the Muslims; because it is a religion of self-resignation, or submission]: (S, K:) this is meant in the Kur [ii. 204], where it is said, اُدْخُلُوا فِى السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً

[Enter ye into the religion of El-Islám wholly]; (S, Bd, Jel;) and so ↓ السَّلْمِ, as some there read; (Bd, Jel;) or both there mean submission and obedience to God: (Bd:) [and] ↓ السَّلَمُ [also] has the former meaning. (M.) A2: Also, (S, M, K,) and ↓ سَلْمٌ, (M,) A man, (S, K, TA,) [and] a woman, (M,) who makes peace, or is at peace, with another; (S, M, K;) and in like manner, a company of men (قَوْمٌ). (M.) This is said to be meant in the Kur [xxxix. 30], where it is said, وَرَجْلًا سِلْمًا لِرَجُلٍ, as some read, i. e. And a man who is at peace with respect to a man: (TA:) or سِلْمًا and ↓ سَلْمًا and ↓ سَلَمًا, three different readings, in the place of [the more common reading]

سَالِمًا, are all inf. ns. of سَلِمَ, used as epithets [syn. with سَالِمًا], or ذَا is suppressed before them. (Bd.) You say, أَنَا سِلْمٌ لِمَنْ سَالَمَنِى [I am one who is at peace with respect to him who is at peace with me]. (S, TA.) And a poet says, [using this word in two different senses, the latter of which has been mentioned above,] لِأَهْلِكِ فَاقْبَلِى سِلْمِى أَنَائِلُ إِنَّنِى سِلْمٌ [O Náïleh, (نَائِلُ being for نَائِلَةٌ, a woman's name, apocopated,) verily I am one who is at peace with respect to thy family, therefore accept thou my submission]. (TA. [It seems to be there indicated by the context that سلمى here means my peace, or reconciliation; which is less appropriate than the meaning that I have assigned to it.]) سَلَمٌ: see سَلَامٌ: and see also سِلْمٌ, in seven places. b2: Also, in buying or selling, (Msb,) the subst. from أَسْلَمَ فِى الشَّىْءِ and سَلَّمَ signifying

أَسْلَفَ, (M,) i. q. سَلَفٌ; (S, Msb, K;) i. e. Any money, or property, paid in advance, or beforehand, as the price of a commodity for which the seller has become responsible and which one has bought on description: (T and TA in art. سلف:) or payment for a commodity to be delivered at a certain [future] period with something additional to [the equivalent of] the current price at the time of such payment; this [transaction] being a cause of profit to him who makes such payment: (TA in that art.:) or a sort of sale in which the price is paid in advance, and the commodity is withheld, on the condition of description, to a certain [future] period: (S and O in that art., in explanation of سَلَفٌ:) but it is said in a trad. that the term سَلَمٌ as meaning سَلَفٌ was disliked; app. because the former is applied to obedience, and self-resignation, or submission, to God. (TA.) A2: And The making [one] captive. (K. [See 1, in the latter part of the paragraph.]) A3: And A captive; (K;) because he submits himself. (TA.) One says, أَخَذَهُ سَلَمًا, (M, TA, [in the TK بِالسَّلَمِ,]) He took him [a captive], (TA,) or made him captive, (M,) without war: (M, TA:) or he brought him in a state of submission, not resisting; and so, if wounded: (IAar, M, TA:) and thus El-Khattábee has expl. the phrase in the trad. respecting El-Hodeybiyeh cited above, voce سِلْمٌ. (TA.) A4: Also A sort of tree, (S, M, Msb, K,) [the mimosa flava of Forskål, who writes its Arabic name in Italic characters syllæm, and in Arabic characters سليم, (Flora Aegypt. Arab., p. cxxiii.,)] a species (M) of the [kind of thorny trees called] عِضَاه, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, TA, [not غَضَاة, as in the Lexicons of Golius and Freytag,]) the leaves whereof are the قَرَظ, with which skin is tanned: (TA:) AHn says, its branches are long, like rods; and it has no wood such as is used in carpentry, even if it grows large: it has slender, long thorns, grievous when they wound the foot of a man; and a yellow [fruit such as is termed] بَرَمَة [n. un. of بَرَمٌ, see this word, and see also حُبْلَةٌ,] which is the sweetest of the بَرَم in odour; and they tan with its leaves: and it is said, on the authority of the Arabs of the desert, that it has a yellow flower, containing a green grain (حَبَّة خَضْرَآء [or this may mean a grain of a dark, or an ashy, dustcolour]), of sweet odour, in which is somewhat of bitterness, and of which the gazelles are very fond: (M:) the n. un. is with ة: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) and pl. أَسْلَامٌ, (M,) and سِلَامٌ is said by IB to be pl. of the n. un., like as إِكَامٌ is of أَكَمَةٌ. (TA.) [Hence,] ذَاتُ أَسْلَامٍ A land (أَرْض) that gives growth to the [trees called] سَلَم. (K.) See also سلَمَان.

سَلِمٌ Stones; (S, M;) as also ↓ سِلَامٌ: (M:) and ↓ سَلِمَةٌ [as n. un. of the former and sing. of the latter, (incorrectly written by Freytag, in one place, سَلَمَةٌ, and incorrectly said by him to be of the dial. of the people of Himyer,)] signifies a stone: (S, M, Mgh, Msb:) [or] the pl. [or quasipl. n.] of سَلِمَةٌ in this sense is ↓ سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ in measure: (Msb:) or ↓ سَلِمَةٌ signifies stones; (K;) or hard stones; (TA;) and ↓ سِلَامٌ is its pl.: (K:) [said to be] so called because of their freedom (سلَامَة) from softness: (TA:) or this last signifies stones, the small thereof and the large; and they assign to it no sing.: (ISh, TA:) or سلام [probably meaning ↓ سَلَامٌ] is a quasi-pl. n.: (Aboo-Kheyreh, TA:) and it is also said to be a name for any broad stone. (TA.) See also سَلَمَان. A poet says, (namely, Bujeyr Ibn-'Anameh, IB, TA,) يَرْمِى وَرَائِى بِامْسَهْكِ وَامْسَهْمِ وَامْسَلِمَهْ [He casts from behind me (i. e. defends me) with the arrow and the stone]: this [usage of ام for ال] is of the dial. of [Teiyi and] Himyer. (S, TA.) السِّلِمْ for السِّلْمْ: see سِلْمٌ, second sentence.

سَلِمَةٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: and سَلَمَان.

A2: Also A woman soft, or tender, in the أَطْرَاف [or fingers, or other extremities]. (K.) b2: And An old and weak she-camel. (IAar, TA in art. سد.) سَلْمَى A certain plant (K, TA) which becomes green in the [season called] صَيْف [app. here meaning spring]. (TA.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَى The [species of lizard called] وَزَغ: (K:) or, some say, [as is said in the M,] ↓ أَبُو سَلْمَانَ. (TA.) b3: See also the next paragraph. b4: [In the CK, by a mistranscription, a meaning belonging to سُلَامَى is assigned to سَلْمَى.]

السَّلْمَآء, accord. to Aboo-Mis-hal, as meaning The earth, occurs in the prov., أَنْفٌ قِى المَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ [A nose in the water and a rump on the earth]: and if this be correct, it may be derived from سلام [i. e. سِلَامٌ] meaning “ stones: ” and it may be originally ↓ السَّلْمَى, and lengthened for the sake of the rhyme. (Ham p. 214.) [But the reading commonly known is, أَنْفٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى المَآءِ.]

هُوَ سَلْمَانُ بَيْتِهِ He is the special, or particular, friend of his [another's] house; one who mixes with him much: from the saying of the Prophet, سَلْمَانُ مِنَّا أَهْلِ البَيْتِ [Selmán is of us, the people of the house]; referring to Selmán El-Fárisee. (Har p. 472.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَانَ: see سَلْمَى. b3: Also A species of the [black beetles called] جِعْلَان [pl. of جُعَلٌ, q. v.]: (M:) or i. q. جُعَلٌ, (IAar, K,) or أَبُو جَعْرَان, with fet-h [app. a mistake for kesr] to the ج: (Kr, TA:) or the largest of the جِعْلَان: or a certain insect like the جُعَل, having a pair of wings: (TA:) or the male of the [black beetles called] خَنَافِس [pl. of خُنْفَسَآءُ, q. v.]. (IAar, TA in art. فرض.) سَلَمَان or سَلِمَان, accord. to different readings, occurs in a trad. of Ibn-'Omar, in which it is said, كَانَ يُصَلِّى عِنْدَ سَلَمَانٍ فِى طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ [He used to pray at certain selem-trees, or certain stones, in the road of Mekkeh]: each may be a pl. [or rather a quasi-pl. n.]; the former, of ↓ سَلَمَةٌ, the “ tree so called; ” the latter, of ↓ سَلِمَةٌ, “ stones ” [or a “ stone: ” but both of these explanations are strange]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) in its primary acceptation, (TA,) is syn. with ↓ سَلَامَةٌ, (S, K, TA,) as is also ↓ سَلَمٌ, (S, [so in one of my copies, but omitted in the other copy,]) and signifies Safety, security, immunity, or freedom, from faults, defects, imperfections, blemishes, or vices, (S, * [mentioned in one only of my two copies, and there as relating peculiarly to the third word,] K, [in which it ostensibly relates peculiarly to the first word, but in the CK, by the omission of a و before it, it is made to relate only to the second word,] and TA, [accord. to which it relates to the first and second words, as it is well known to do,]) and from evils of any kind: (TA:) or [simply] safety, security, immunity, or freedom; as also ↓ سَلَامَةٌ: (Sb, M:) IKt says that these two words may be dial. vars. [syn. each with the other]; or the former may be pl. of the latter [or rather a coll. gen. n. of which the latter is the n. un.]: (M, TA:) and Suh says, in the R, that most of the lexicologists hold them to have one [and the same] meaning: but that if they considered the language of the Arabs, and the distinction, or limitation, denoted by the ة, they would see that between them is a great difference [inasmuch as the former has a large range of meaning which the latter has not, as will be seen from what follows]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ is an announcement of the continuance of سَلَامَة [or safety, &c.]: (Bd in xiii. 24:) [it may therefore be rendered Safety, &c., be, or light and abide, on you; or, generally, peace be, or light and abide, on you; for] it means nothing disliked, or evil, shall befall you henceforth: (Bd in xvi. 34:) and سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [may be rendered in like manner; for it virtually] means I will not do to thee anything that is disliked, or evil; (Bd and Jel in xix. 48;) nor say to thee henceforward what would annoy thee, or be disagreeable, or evil, to thee. (Bd ibid.) It may also be [rendered May safety, &c., or peace, be, or light and abide, on you; as] a prayer for سَلَامَة, to those to whom it is addressed, from the state in which they are at the time. (Bd in xxviii. 55.) [It is generally held that this salutation may not be used by, nor to, any but a Muslim.] In the beginning of an epistle, the approved practice is to write سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ, without the article ال; and in repeating it, at the end, to write it with that article. (Durrat el-Ghowwás, in De Sacy's Anthol. Gramm. Arabe, p. 72 of the Arabic text. [In the latter case, the general practice in the present day is to write simply وَالسَّلَام, suppressing عَلَيْكَ.]) In saluting the dead, one puts عَلَيْكَ first, saying, عَلَيْكَ سَلَامُ اللّٰهِ. (Ham p. 367.) You also say, مَا كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا ↓ لَا بِسَلَامَتِكَ [No, by thy safety, such and such things were not]. (S.) السُّلَامُ is also a name of God, (S, M, Msb, K,) [applied to Him in the Kur lix. 23, accord. to some for ذُو السَّلَامِ, i. e. ذُو السَّلَامَةِ,] because of his safety, or freedom, from defect, and imperfection, and cessation of existence; (IKt, M, TA;) or from variations, and as being the everlasting, who brings the creation to nought and will not come to nought; or, accord. to Suh in the R, He is so named [as being the Author of Safety, Security, &c.; i. e.] because He has rendered all his creatures safe, or free, from defectiveness, or unsoundness, and mankind and the jinn, or genii, from the betiding of injustice, or wrong, to them, from Him; and the expositors who assert that He is thus named because of his safety, or freedom, from imperfections, and evils of any kind, utter an unseemly saying, making سَلَامٌ to be syn. with ↓ سَالِمٌ, which latter applies only to him who is liable to evil of any kind, and who expects it, and then becomes safe, or free, from it. (TA.) دَارُ السَّلَامِ is an appellation of Paradise, (M, K,) [applied thereto in the Kur vi. 127 and x. 26,] as being the abode of everlasting safety, or security; (Zj, M, TA;) the abode of safety, or security, from evils of any kind, from death and decrepitude and diseases [&c.]: (TA:) or as being the abode of God. (M, TA.) b2: See also سِلْمٌ, in four places. b3: [As is there stated,] it signifies also Salutation, or greeting; (M, TA;) particularly the salutation of الــإِسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ, expl. above]; (Bd in iv. 96;) a subst. (S, Mgh, Msb, TA) from سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ, (Msb,) [i. e.] from التُّسْلِيمُ, (S, Mgh, TA,) like كَلَامٌ from التَّكْلِيمُ. (Mgh. [See 2, third sentence.]) b4: In the saying in the Kur [xxv. 64], وَإِذَا خَاطَبَهُمُ الْجَاهِلُونَ قَالُوا سَلَامًا [And when the ignorant speak to them, they say, سَلَامًا], this last word signifies تَسَلُّمًا, (Sb, M,) or تَسَلُّمًا مِنْكُمْ [ for نَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكُمْ تَسَلُّمًا We declare ourselves to be clear, or quit, of you], and مُتَارَكَهً لَلُمْ [ for نُتَارِكُكُمْ مُتَارَكَةً we relinquish you], (Bd,) [and means] there shall be neither good nor evil between us (Sb, M, Bd) and you: it is not the سلام that is used in salutation; for the verse was revealed at Mekkeh, and the Muslims had not then been commanded to salute the believers in a plurality of gods: (Sb, M:) [in iv. 88 of the Kur, which was promulgated afterwards, at ElMedeeneh, is a general command to return a salutation with a better or with the same; but the Sunneh prescribes that the salutation of سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ when addressed to a Muslim by one not a Muslim is to be returned only by saying وَعَلَيْكَ or وَعَلَيْكُمْ:] or the meaning in xxv. 64 is, they say a right saying, in which they are secure from harming and sinning. (Bd.) Sb asserts that Aboo-Rabee'ah used to say, إِذَا لَقِيتَ فُلَانًا فَقُلْ سَلَامًا, meaning تَسَلُّمًا [for أَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكَ تَسَلُّمًا, i. e. When thou meetest such a one, say, I declare myself to be clear, or quit, of thee]: and he says that some of them said سَلَامٌ, meaning The case of me and thee is the [case of] being clear, or quit, each of the other; and the [case of] mutual relinquishing. (M.) [It is usual, in the present day, to say, اِفْعَلْ كَذَا وَالسَّلَام, meaning Do thou such a thing, and there will be an end of altercation between us.]

A2: See also سَلِيمٌ.

A3: Also A kind of trees; (S, M, Msb, K;) they assert that they are evergreen; nothing eats them; but the gazelles keep to them, and protect themselves by their shade, but do not hide among them; and they are not great trees, nor of the kind called عِضَاه: (AHn, M:) they are also called ↓ سِلَامٌ; (K;) or this is pl. of سَلَمَةٌ [n. un. of سَلَمٌ], which is of another kind; like as إِكَامٌ is pl. of أَكَمَةٌ: (IB, TA:) n. un. with ة. (S, M.) السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ was said to an Arab of the desert; and he replied, الجَثْجَاثُ عَلَيْكَ: and being asked, “ What is this reply? ” he answered, “They are two bitter trees: thou hast put upon me one, so I have put upon thee the other. ” (K.) A4: See also سَلِمٌ, in two places.

سِلَامٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: A2: and the paragraph here next preceding, last sentence but two.

سَلِيمٌ i. q. ↓ سَالِمٌ, (S, M, K,) which means Safe, secure, or free, (Msb,) from evils of any kind; (K, Msb, TA;) applied to a man: (M:) pl. سُلَمَآءُ; (M, K, TA;) in some copies of the K سَلْمَى, like جَرْحَى pl. of جَرِيحٌ; (TA;) [but this is probably its pl. only when it is used in the sense of جَرِيحٌ or the like, as seems to be the case from what follows.] Also, (M,) applied to a heart: (S, M:) بِقَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ, in the Kur xxvi. 89, means With a heart free from unbelief: (M, TA:) or, divested of corruptness, or unsoundness: (Er-Rághib, TA:) in the Kur xxxvii. 82, some say that it means with a grieving, or sorrowful, heart; from سَلِيمٌ in the sense here next following. (Bd.) b2: Also i. q. لَدِيغٌ [meaning Bitten by a serpent]; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ سَلَامٌ (S, K) and ↓ مَسْلُومٌ: (K:) app., (S,) as implying a good omen, of safety; (S, M;) or because the person is left (مُسْلَمٌ) to that [bane] which is in him: (IAar, S, * M:) and sometimes it is metaphorically used as meaning (tropical:) wounded: (M:) or it means wounded, at the point of death, (M, K,) as some say: (M:) pl. سَلْمَى. (M, and Ham p. 214.) A2: Also, (M, K,) of a horse, (M,) The part, of the hoof, that is between the أَشْعَر [or hair, or extremity of the skin, next the hoof], (M, TA,) or that is between the أَمْعَر [q. v.], (K,) but the former is the right, (TA,) and the interior of the hoof. (M, K, TA.) سَلَامَةٌ [the most usual inf. n. of سَلِمَ]: see سَلَامٌ, in three places.

A2: Also n. un. of سَلَامٌ applied to a kind of trees [described above]. (S, K.) سُلَامَى, a noun of the fem. gender, (Msb,) A certain bone that is in the فِرْسِن [q. v., here meaning foot] of the camel: (S, K:) this is said by A'Obeyd to be the primary signification: (S:) or the سُلَامَى of the camel are the bones of the فُرْسِن [or foot]: (M:) [for] سُلَامَى is used alike as sing. and pl., and sometimes it has also a pl., (S,) which is سُلَامَيَاتٌ: (S, M, K:) or it is a pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.], of which the sing. [or n. un.] is سُلَامَيَةٌ, signifying the أَنْمَلَة [q. v.] of [any of] the fingers: (IAth, TA:) [but this is a strange explanation:] it is said that the last parts in which مُخّ [here meaning marrow or pulp and the like] remains in a camel when he has become emaciated are the سُلَامَى and eye; and when it has gone from these, he has none remaining: (S:) the pl. سُلَامَيَاتٌ, (S, TA,) or سُلَامَى, (M, Msb,) also signifies the bones of the أَصَابِع, (S, M,) so says Kh, and Zj adds that they are also called the قَصَب, (Msb,) of the hand and of the foot; (M;) [i. e., of the fingers and of the toes; and this seems to be the most common meaning, in relation to a human being; namely, the phalanges of the fingers and of the toes;] that are between every two joints [and what are beyond the extreme joints] of the أَصَابِع: accord. to Lth, the سلامى are the bones of the أَصَابِع [or fingers and toes] and the أَشَاجِع and the أَكَارِع, and are hard and compact bones like كِعَاب [pl. of كَعْبٌ]: (TA: [see the words that I have here left untranslated, for the senses in which they are here used are doubtful:]) accord. to IAar, (M,) certain small bones, of the length of the إِصْبَع [or finger], (M, K,) or nearly so, (M,) or less, (K,) of which there are four, or three, (M,) [or app., five, for the meaning here seems to be the metacarpal and metatarsal bones, to which the terms سُلَامَى and سُلَامَيَاتٌ are sometimes applied, (see أَشْجَعُ and مُشْظٌ,)] in the hand and in the foot, (K,) [i. e.] in each hand and foot: (M:) Ktr says that the سلاميات are the عُرُوق [app. a mistake for عِظَام i. e. bones] of the outer side of the hand and foot: (Msb:) سلامى is also said to signify any small hollow bone: and any bone of a human being: and ISh says that in every horse are six سلاميات [app. in the fore legs and the same in the hind legs; for he seems to mean that the term سلامى is applied to each of the pasternbones and to the coffin-bone; these three corresponding to the phalanges of a human being: see فَصٌّ]: (TA:) it is not allowable to write سلامى otherwise than with what is termed the short alif. (MF, TA.) A2: سُلَامَى, (M, K,) like سُكَّارَى, (K, TA, [in the CK like سَكْرٰى, which is shown to be wrong by a verse cited in the M and TA,]) signifies also The [south, or southerly, wind called] جَنُوب. (M, K.) سَلَامَانٌ A kind of tree, (S, M, K,) growing in soft, or plain, tracts: (M:) Az says, it is like the أَلَآء, which is a tree resembling the myrtle, which changes not in the midst of summer, and which has a produce resembling the head [or ear] of millet (ذُرَة), except that it is smaller than the الآء; tooth-sticks (مَسَاوِيك) are made from it; and its produce is like that of the الآء; and it grows in the sands and the deserts: (TA in art. الأ:) n. un. with ة. (M.) نَمْلُ سُلَيْمَانُ Red ants [lit. the ants of Solomon]. (TA voce أَحْوَى, in art. حو.) سُلَّمٌ A ladder, or a series of stairs or steps, syn. مِرْقَاةٌ, (M, K,) and دَرَجَةٌ, (M,) or مِعْرَاجٌ, (Msb,) upon which one ascends; (S, Mgh;) either of wood or of clay [&c.]: (Mgh:) said by Zj to be so called because it delivers thee (يُسَلِّمُكَ) to the place to which thou desirest to go, (Mgh, TA,) i. e., to some high place, and thou hopest for safety (السَّلَامَة) by means of it: (Er-Rághib, TA:) masc. and fem.; (Lth, M, Mgh;) [app., accord. to Lth and F, generally fem.; for] accord. to Lth, one says, هِىَ السُّلَّمُ and هُوَ السُّلَّمُ; (Mgh;) [and F says,] it is sometimes made masc.: (K:) pl. سَلَالِيمُ (S, Mgh, K) and سَلَالِمُ, (K,) [which latter is the original, for] the ى in سَلَالِيمُ is added by poetic license. (M, TA.) [Hence,] السُّلَّمُ (assumed tropical:) Certain stars, below [those called] العَانَةُ, on the right of them; (K;) as being likened to the سُلَّم [above-mentioned]. (TA.) b2: And The غَرْز [or stirrup of the camel's saddle] (S, K) is sometimes thus called [as being a means of mounting]. (S.) b3: And (tropical:) A means to a thing; (K, TA;) because it leads to another thing like as does the سُلَّم upon which one ascends. (TA.) b4: And السُّلَّمُ is the name of The horse of Zebbán (in the CK Zeiyán) Ibn-Seiyár. (K.) سَالِمٌ: see سَلِيمٌ; and see سَلَامٌ, near the middle of the paragraph. [See also an ex. voce شَاجِبٌ.]

b2: [Hence,] كَلِمَةٌ سَالِمَةُ العَيْنَيْنِ (tropical:) A good word or expression or sentence. (TA.) A2: The saying of J [in the S], (K,) in which he has followed his maternal uncle El-Fárábee, (TA,) that it signifies The portion of skin between the eye and the nose, is a mistake; (IB, K;) and his citation, as an authority, of the verse of 'AbdAllah Ibn-'Omar (K) in which he says, وَجِلْدَةُ بَيْنَ العَيْنِ وَالأَنْفِ سَالِمُ (TA,) is futile: (K:) for, as IB says, Sálim was the son of Ibn-'Omar, who, by reason of his love of him, thus makes him to be as the skin between his eyes and his nose: or, as MF says, the truth is, that the said verse is by Zuheyr, and Ibn-'Omar used it as a proverb: and [SM says], if this be correct, it strengthens the saying of J. (TA.) أَسْلَمُ [More, and most, safe or secure or free from evils of any kind]. You say, هٰذَا أَسْلَمُ مِنْ هٰذَا [This is more safe &c. than this]: and هٰذَا الأَسْلَمُ [This is the most safe &c.]; and هٰذِهِ السُّلْمَى. (Ham p. 214.) A2: And الاسلم [app. الأَسْلَمُ] signifies, like الطفى [i. e. الطَّفْىُ]; The leaves (خُوص) of the دَوْم [or Theban palm]. (Ibn-Beytár, app. from AHn, cited by De Sacy in his Chrest. Arabe, 2nd ed., iii. 480.) الــإِسْلَامُ [inf. n. of 4, q. v. b2: It is the general term for The religion of Mohammad: differing from الإِيمَانُ, as shown above: see 4. b3: and hence, for أَهْلُ الــإِسْلَامِ, or the like,] The Muslims, collectively. (M in art. بيض, &c.) إِسْلَامِــىٌّ [Of, or relating to, الأِسْلَام as meaning the religion of Mohammad. b2: And particularly] A poet of the class next after the مُخَضْرَمُون and next before the مُوَلَّدُون. (Mz 49th نوع.) [See the Preface to the present work, p. ix.] The most celebrated of the poets of this class, it seems, were Jereer, El-Farezdak, El-Akhtal, and Dhu-rRummeh, who were contemporaries, and flourished in the first and second centuries of the Flight. (Mz ubi suprà, and Ibn-Khillikán in art. جَرِير.) b3: لَفْظٌ إِسْلَامِــىٌّ A word, or phrase, introduced, or used in a new sense, on the occasion of the promulgation and establishment of the religion of الــإِسْلَام, by means of the Kur-án &c. (Mz 20th نوع.) الأُسَيْلِمُ [The vena salvatella;] a certain vein (S, M, K) in the hand, (M,) between the little finger and the finger next to this: (S, K:) it occurs only [thus] in the dim. form. (M.) مُسْلِمٌ act. part. n. of 4 [q. v.]. (Msb.) وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمِينَ لَكَ, in the Kur ii. 122, means And make both of us self-resigned, or submissive, to Thee: (Bd, Jel:) or, sincere in religion, or without hypocrisy, towards Thee; syn. مُخْلِصَيْنِ: (M, Bd:) and therefore مسلمين is made trans. by means of ل. (M.) b2: [It commonly means One who holds, or professes, the religion of الــإِسْلَام.] And one says, ↓ كَأَنَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ هُوَاليَوْمَ مُسْلَمَةٌ [He was an unbeliever: then, to day, he has become a Muslim]. (M.) مَسْلَمَةٌ: see what next precedes.

المُسَلَّم is said to be used in the sense of ↓ المُسْتَلَم in the saying of El-'Ajjáj, بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالكَعْبَةِ المُسَلَّممِ [Between Es-Safà and the Kaabeh of which the Black Stone is touched with the hand, or kissed: see 8]. (M.) مَسْلُومٌ: see سَلِيمٌ. b2: b3: Also A hide, or skin, tanned with [قَرَظ, or leaves of] the سَلَم. (S, M.) أَرْضٌ مَسْلُومَآءُ A land abounding with the trees called سَلَم. (M, K.) b2: Suh says, on the authority of AHn, that مَسْلُومَآءُ is a name for A collection of سَلَم; like مَشْيُوخَآءُ applied to “ many elders, or men advanced in age. ” (TA.) المُسْتَلَم: see المُسَلَّم. b2: مُسْتَلَمُ القَدَمَيْنِ meansA man soft, or tender, in the feet. (TA.)

(ك ف أ) : (الْكُفُؤُ) النَّظِيرُ (وَمِنْهُ) كَافَأَهُ وَسَاوَاهُ وَتَكَافَئُوا تَسَاوَوْا (وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ) «الْمُؤْمِنُونَ تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَيَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ وَيَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ أَقْصَاهُمْ وَهُمْ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ يَرُدُّ مُشِدُّهُمْ عَلَى مُضْعِفِهِمْ وَمُتَسَرِّيهِمْ عَلَى قَاعِدِهِمْ لَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ» أَيْ يَتَسَاوَى فِي الْقِصَاصِ وَالدِّيَاتِ لَا فَضْلَ لِشَرِيفٍ عَلَى وَضِيعٍ وَإِذَا أَعْطَى أَدْنَى رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ أَمَانًا فَلَيْسَ لِلْبَاقِينَ نَقْضُهُ (وَيَرُدُّ) عَلَيْهِمْ أَقْصَاهُمْ أَيْ إذَا دَخَلَ الْعَسْكَرُ دَارَ الْحَرْبِ فَوَجَّهَ الْإِمَامُ سَرِيَّةً فَمَا غَنِمَتْ جَعَلَ لَهَا مَا سَمَّى وَرَدَّ الْبَاقِيَ عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ لِأَنَّهُمْ رِدْءٌ لِلسَّرَايَا (وَهُمْ يَدٌ) أَيْ يَتَنَاصَرُونَ عَلَى الْمِلَلِ الْمُحَارِبَةِ لَهَا (وَالْمُشِدُّ) الَّذِي دَوَابُّهُ شَدِيدَةٌ أَيْ قَوِيَّةٌ (وَالْمُضْعِفُ) بِخِلَافِهِ (وَالْمُتَسَرِّي) الْخَارِجُ فِي السَّرِيَّةِ أَيْ لَا يُفَضَّلُ فِي الْمَغْنَمِ هَذَا عَلَى هَذَا وَإِذَا بَعَثَ الْإِمَامُ سَرِيَّةً وَهُوَ خَارِجٌ إلَى بِلَادِ الْعَدُوِّ فَغَنِمُوا أَشْيَاءَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْعَسْكَرِ «وَلَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ» أَيْ بِكَافِرٍ مُحَارِبٍ وَقِيلَ بِذِمِّيٍّ وَإِنْ قَتَلَهُ عَمْدًا وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ (وَذَا الْعَهْدِ) الْحَرْبِيُّ يَدْخُلُ بِأَمَانٍ لَا يُقْتَلُ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إلَى مَأْمَنِهِ لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ اسْتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرْهُ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ كَلامَ اللَّهِ} [التوبة: 6] وَقِيلَ «وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ بِكَافِرٍ» (وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ) «فِي الْعَقِيقَةِ شَاتَانِ مُتَكَافِئَتَانِ» وَيُرْوَى مُكَافِئَتَانِ وَمُكَافَأَتَانِ أَيْ مُتَسَاوِيَتَانِ فِي السِّنِّ وَالْقَدْرِ وَفِي حَدِيثِ) الْأَزْدِيُّ أَنَّهُ اشْتَرَى رِكَازًا بِمِائَةِ شَاةٍ مُتْبَعٍ فَقَالَتْ أُمُّهُ إنَّ الْمِائَةَ ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ أُمَّهَاتُهَا مِائَةٌ وَأَوْلَادُهَا مِائَةٌ (وَكَفْأَتُهَا) مِائَةٌ أَيْ أَوْلَادُهَا الَّتِي فِي بُطُونِهَا قَالَ الْخَارْزَنْجِيُّ الْكَفْأَةُ الْوَلَدُ فِي بَطْنِ النَّاقَةِ وَأَكْفَأْتُهُ نَاقَةً أَعْطَيْتُهُ إيَّاهَا يَشْرَبُ لَبَنَهَا وَيَنْتَفِعُ بِوَبَرِهَا وَنِتَاجِهَا وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ تَأْوِيلٌ آخَرُ ذَكَرْتُهُ فِي الْمُعْرِبِ إلَّا أَنَّ هَذَا أَظْهَرُ (وَكَفَأَ) الْإِنَاءَ قَلَبَهُ لِيُفْرِغَ مَا فِيهِ وَأَكْفَأَ لُغَةً (وَمِنْهُ) الْحَدِيثُ فِي لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ وَإِنَّ الْقُدُورَ لَتَغْلِي بِهَا فَقَالَ أَكْفِئُوهَا وَرُوِيَ فَأُكْفِئَتْ وَرُوِيَ فَكَفَأْنَاهَا (وَعَنْ) الْكِسَائِيّ كَفَأْتُهُ كَبَبْتُهُ وَأَكْفَأْتُهُ أَمَلْتُهُ (وَمِنْهُ) كَانَ يُكْفِئُ لَهَا الْإِنَاءَ أَيْ يُمِيلُهُ (وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ) عَائِشَةَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا - فَدَعَا بِمَاءٍ فَأَكْفَأَهُ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ فَمَعْنَاهُ أَنَّهُ صَبَّهُ بِأَنْ أَمَالَ إنَاءَهُ وَهَذَا تَوَسُّعٌ وَاكْتَفَأَ الْإِنَاءَ كَفَأَهُ لِنَفْسِهِ (وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ) «لَا تَسْأَلُ الْمَرْأَةُ طَلَاقَ أُخْتِهَا لِتَكْتَفِئَ مَا فِي صَحْفَتِهَا» وَيُرْوَى لِتَكْتَفِيَ إنَاءَهَا وَيُرْوَى لِتَكْفَأَ مَا فِي إنَائِهَا وَالْمَعْنَى لِتَخْتَارَ نَصِيبَ أُخْتِهَا وَتَجْتَرَّهُ إلَى نَفْسِهَا.

كف

أ1 كَفَأَ He turned a thing over; as a man turns over a cake of bread in his band until it becomes even. ↓ يَتَكَفَّأُ occurs in a trad. respecting the Day of Resurrection, accord. to one relation, for يَكْفَأُ, in this sense: it is said that the earth will be like a single cake of bread, which God will turn over in his hand, as a man in a journey turns over a cake of bread. (TA.) كَفَأَ, (Ks, S, K,) inf. n. كَفٌءٌ and كَفَآءَةٌ; (TA;) and ↓ اكفأ, (IAar, S, K,) and ↓ اكتفأ; (S, K;) but the first word is said to be the most chaste; He inverted, or turned upside-down, (S, K,) a vessel &c. (S, TA.) [You say] كُفِئَتْ جَفْنَتُهُ [His bowl was turned upside-down; meaning] (tropical:) He was slain: a phrase similar to هُرِيقَ رِفْدُهُ. (A in art. رفد.) b2: كَفَأَ (TA) and ↓ اكفأ, (Ks, and rejected by As, (TA,) He inclined, or made to turn aside or incline, (S, K,) a bow, in shooting with it, and a vessel, (Ks, S,) &c. (TA.) and كَفَأَ (TA) and ↓ اكفأ, (K,) and ↓ انكفأ (TA) He, or it, inclined: intrans. (K, TA.) b3: كَفَأَهُ عَنْ شَىْ, (S, * K, * TA,) inf. n. كَفْءٌ, (S, TA,) He turned him away, or back from a thing; (S, K, TA;) as from a thing that he desired to do, to another thing. (S, TA.) and كَفَأَ عَنْ شَىْءٍ He turned away, or back, from a thing: intrans. (TA.) [See also 4 and 7.] كَفَأَ القَوُمُ The people turned away, or back. (K.) [See also 7.] b4: كَفَأَ He drove away a man, (K,) or camels. (L.) b5: كَفَأَ الإِبِلَ He made an assault upon the camels, and took them away. (TA.) b6: كَفَأَ He followed, or pursued, another. (K.) b7: كَفَأَ الغَنَمُ فِى الشِّعْبِ The sheep entered the ravine. (K.) b8: كَفَأَ لَوْنُهُ, and لونه ↓ اكفأ, and لونه ↓ تكفّأ, (TA,) and لوزه ↓ انكفأ, (K,) (as also انكفت لونه, TA,) (tropical:) His, or its, colour changed. (K.) 3 كافأهُ عَلَى شَىْءِ, inf. n. مُكَافَأَةُ and كِفَأءٌ, He requited, compensated, or recompensed, him for a thing. (S, K.) b2: مَا لِى بِهِ قِبَلٌ وَلَا كِفَآءٌ I have not power to requite him. (S.) b3: كافأه, (K,) inf. n. مُكَافَأَةٌ and كِفَآءٌ, (TA,) He was like him; was equal to him; equalled him. (K.) A2: كافأه He watched him; observed him. (K.) A3: كافأ, (K,) inf. n. مُكَافَأَةٌ, (TA,) He repelled; turned, or put away; kept away, or off; withstood, or resisted. (K, TA.) b2: كافأ بَيْنَ فَارِسَيْنِ بِرُمْحِهِ He thrust this horseman, and then that, with his spear. (K, TA.) b3: كافأ بين البَعِيرَيْنِ He stabbed this camel, and then that. (Z.) A4: لَا مُكَافَأَةَ عِنْدِى فِى كَذَا There is no concealment with me in respect of such a thing; as also لا مُحَاجَاةَ. (TA in art. حجو.) 4 أَكْفَاَ See 1, in four places. b2: اكفأ فِى سَيْرِهِ عَنِ القَصْدِ, (TA,) or كَفَأَ, (K,) He deviated, or turned aside, in his journey, from the object he had in view. (K, * TA.) A2: اكفأ الإِبِلَ كَفْأَتَيْنِ He divided the camels into two equal numbers, setting apart the one half for breeding during one year, and the other half for breeding during the next. It was esteemed the best plan, by the Arabs, to leave a she-camel for one year after her breeding, without suffering the stallion to cover her; in like manner as land is left fallow for a year. (S, TA.) b2: The same is also said of sheep &c. (TA.) A3: اكفأه إِبِلَهُ وَغَنَمَهُ (S, * K, * TA) He assigned to him the profits, (K,) or the profits for a year, (S,) of his camels and his sheep or goats; (K, TA;) i.e., their hair and wool, milk, and young ones. (S, TA.) A4: اكفأت الإِبِلُ Many of the camels had young ones in their wombs. (K.) A5: اكفأ البَيْتَ, (K,) inf. n. إِكْفَآءٌ, (S,) He made for the tent a كِفَآء. (S, K, TA.) A6: اكفأ, (K,) inf. n. إِكْفَاءٌ, (TA,) in poetry, accord. to a commentary on the Káfee, He used as the رَوِىّ two letters having their places of utterance near to each other; as ط with د: [such is the signification of the verb accord. to general usage in the present day:] or, accord. to the Ahkám el-Asás, he changed the روىّ from ر to ل, or ل to م: or he made a similar change of one letter to another having its place of utterance near to that of the former: or it has another signification, given below, accord. to the same authority: (TA:) or he used different letters in the rhymes; (S, K;) whether letters having their places of utterance near to each other, or the contrary; (TA;) or in some م and in some ن and in some د, and in some ط, and in some ح, and in some خ, &c.; as says Az; and this is the meaning known to the Arabs: (S:) or he used different vowels in the روىّ: (Fr, S:) or i. q. أَقْوَى: (S, K:) or, accord. to the Ahkám el-Asás, it signifies either as explained above on that authority, (TA,) or he used different final inflections in the rhymes: (K:) or he changed the final vowel in the rhyme; ending one verse with ضَمَّة, and another with كَسْرَة, [which are the two vowels that resemble each other]: (TA:) [see a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. غيب:] or he impaired the end of a verse in any way. (K.) Eloquent Arabs explained the meaning of the verb in this last manner to Akh, without defining any particular kind of impairment: but one made it to consist in the use of different letters. (TA.) 5 تكفّأ It (a vessel &c.) was inverted, or turned upside-down. (TA.) See also 1, in two places. b2: تكفّأ (as also تكّفى, inf. n. تَكَفٍّ; but the original word is that with hemzeh;) He inclined forwards, in walking, as a ship inclines in her course. Mohammad is said to have walked in this manner, which is indicative of strength. (TA.) [And so] تكفّأت She (a woman) moved her body from side to side, in walking, as the tall palm-tree moves from side to side. (S.) [And] She (a ship) inclined forwards in her course. (TA.) [See an ex., voce أَعْرَبَ, in this sense; or, as implied in the S, in the sense immediately preceding.]6 تَكَافَآ They two were like, or equal, each to the other. (S, K.) b2: تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ Their blood (i. e., the blood of the Muslims,) shall be equally retaliated, or expiated: (A 'Obeyd, S:) i. e., the noble shall have no advantage over the ignoble in the retaliation or expiation of blood. (A 'Obeyd.) 7 انكفأ He turned, or was turned, away, or back, from a thing that he desired to do; (S;) [see also 1;] he returned, or went back, or reverted. (S, K.) b2: Also, (TA,) or ↓ كَفَأَ, (K,) It (a party) became routed, defeated, or put to flight. (K, TA.) b3: See 1, in two places.8 إِكْتَفَاَ See 1. b2: اكتفأ أَهْلِيهِمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ [He carried off their families and their goods.] (TA, from a trad.; mentioned next after the explanation of كَفَأَ الإِبِلَ.) 10 استكفأه إِبِلَهُ He asked him for a year's produce of his camels; i.e., their young ones in the womb in one year; (S, TA;) or their hair and wool, milk, and young ones, of one year. (TA.) b2: استكفأه نَخْلَةً He asked him for a year's produce of a palm-tree. (TA.) كَفْءٌ and كُفْءٌ and كِفْءٌ and كُفُؤٌ see كِفَاءٌ, and for كِفْءٌ see also كَفِىْءٌ.

كَفْأَةٌ and ↓ كُفْأَةٌ (S, K) The young ones in the wombs of camels, in one year: or those after the dams have not conceived for one year or more: (K:) or a year's produce of camels [&c.]; i. e., their hair and wool, and their milk, as well as their young ones. (Az, S, K.) Yousay أَعْطِنِى كفأةَ نَاقَتِكَ Give me the year's produce, &c., of thy she-camel. (S.) b2: b3: And, both words (tropical:) A year's produce of a palm-tree. (K.) b4: (tropical:) A year's produce of a piece of land. (K.) See also 4.

كُفْأَةٌ: see كَفْأَةٌ.

كَفَآءٌ (K) and ↓ كَفَأءَةٌ (S, K) Likeness; equality. (S, K.) b2: كَفَأءٌ A slight inclination, to one side, of a camel's hump, and the like. This is the slightest of faults in a camel; for when the camel grows fat, his hump becomes erect. (TA.) كَفَآءٌ, originally an inf. n. [of 3], and ↓ كُفْءٌ and كُفُوْءٌ [&c., as in the following examples,] Like; equal; a match. (S.) b2: هٰذَا كِفَاؤُهُ, and ↓ كَفِيْئَتُهُ, and ↓ كَفِيؤُهُ, and ↓ كُفْؤُهُ, and ↓ كَفْؤُهُ, and ↓ كِفْؤُهُ, (in the CK, كَفُؤُهُ,) and ↓ كُفُوْؤُهُ, (in the CK, كُفُؤُهُ,) This is like, or equal to, him or it: (K:) And لَا كِفَآءَ لَهُ There is no one, or nothing, like, or equal, to him, or it. (S.) b3: Zj says, that the words of the Kur-án, وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُؤًا أَحَدٌ (cxii. 4,) may be read in four different ways: ↓ كُفُؤًا and ↓ كُفْئًا and ↓ كِفْئًا (in which three ways the word has been read) and كِفَاءً (in which last way it has not been read.) Ibn-Ketheer and AA and Ibn-'Ámir and Ks read كُفُؤًا: Hamzeh read كُفْئًا; and, in a case of pause, كُفَا, without hemzeh. (TA,) b4: Pl. (of كُفْءٌ and كِفْءٌ, and كُفُؤٌ, and perhaps of كَفْءٌ also, MF,) أَكْفَآءٌ and (of all the above forms excepting كِفَآءٌ, MF,) كِفَآءٌ. (K.) b5: كِفَآءٌ As much as is equal to another thing. (L.) b6: الحَمْدُ لِلّهِ كِفَآءَ الوَاجِبِ Praise be to God, as much as is incumbent. (K.) A2: كِفَآءٌ A curtain (سُتْرَة) extending from the top to the bottom of a tent, at the hinder part: or an oblong piece of staff at the hinder part of the kind of tent called خِبَاء: or a كِسَآء that is thrown upon a خباء, so as to reach the ground: (K:) or an oblong piece of stuff, or two such pieces well sewed together, attached by the kind of wooden pin called خِلَال to the hinder part of a خباء: (S:) or the hinder part of a tent: pl. أَكْفِئَةٌ. (TA.) See مِظَلَّةٌ in art. ظل.

كَفِىْءُ اللَّوْنِ, and اللون ↓ مَكْفُوْءُ, (K,) and اللون ↓ مَكْتَفِئُ, (TA,) (tropical:) Changed in colour: (K:) said of the countenance and of other things: as also مُكْتَفِتُ اللون. (TA.) b2: Also, مُكْفَأُ الوَجْهِ Changed in countenance. (TA.) A2: See كِفَآءٌ.

A3: كَفِىْءٌ and ↓ كِفْءٌ (as in the CK and a MS. copy of the K) or كِفِىْءٌ (as in the TA) The bottom, or interior, or inside, (بَطْن,) of a valley. (K.) كُفُوْءٌ: see كِفَآءٌ.

كَفَآءَةٌ: see كَفَآءٌ. b2: In marriage, Equality of the husband and wife in rank, religion, lineage house, &c. (L,) أَكْفَأُ, fem. كَفْأَى, A camel whose hump inclines slightly to one side. (TA.) b2: A camel's hump inclining to one side. (ISh.) مُكْفِئُ الظَّعْنِ The last of the days called أَيَّامُ العَجُوزِ. (TA.) [See عجوز.]

مَكْفُوْءُ اللّون: see كَفِىْءٌ.

مُكَافِئٌ Being like, or equal to: equalling. (S.) b2: Also, in the following words of a trad., كَانَ لَا يَقْبَلُ الثَّنَآءَ إِلَّا مِن مُّكَافِئِ, said to signify One of known sincerity in professing himself a Muslim: (IAmb:) or one not transgressing his proper bounds, nor falling short with respect to that [religion] to which God hath exalted him-(Az.) b3: شَاتَانِ مُكَافِئَتَانِ, (S, K,) and مُكَافَأَتَانِ. (K,) as the relaters of trads. say, (S,) in a trad. respecting the عَقِيقَة for a male child, (S, TA,) Two sheep, or goats, of equal age. (S, K.) Some assign to these words meanings slightly differing from the above; as, similar, one to another: also, slaughtered, one immediately after the other: (TA:) or slaughtered, one opposite to the other. (S.) مُكْتَفِئُ اللّون: see كَفِىْءٌ.

كفأ
: ( {كَافَأَهُ) على الشَّيْء (} مُكَافَأَةً {وكِفَاءً) كَقِتَالٍ أَي (جَازَاهُ) ، تَقول: مَا لي بِهِ قِبَلٌ وَلَا} كِفَاءٌ، أَي مَالِي بِهِ طاقَةٌ على أَنِّي {أُكافِئُه (و) } كافأَ (فُلاناً) مُكافأَ وكِفَاءً (: مَاثَلَه) ، وَتقول: لَا {كِفَاءَ لَهُ، بِالْكَسْرِ، وَهُوَ فِي الأَصل مصدرٌ، أَي لَا نَظِيرَ لَهُ، وَقَالَ حَسَّانُ بن ثَابت:
وَرُوح القُدْسِ لَيْسَ لَهُ} كِفَاءُ
أَي جبريلُ عَلَيْهِ السلامُ لَيْسَ لَهُ نَظِيرٌ وَلَا مَثيلٌ. وَفِي الحَدِيث: (فَنَظَر إِليهم فَقال: مَنْ {يُكَافِىءُ هَؤُلَاءِ) ، وَفِي حَدِيث الأَحنف: لَا أُقَاوِمُ منّ لَا كِفَاءَ لَهُ. يَعْنِي الشيطانَ، ويروى: لَا أُقاوِلُ (و) } كافَأَه (: رَاقَبَهُ، و) من كَلَامهم: (الحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ كِفَاءَ الوَاجِبِ، أَي) قدر (مَا يَكُونُ {مُكَافِئاً لَهُ، والاسْمُ} الكَفَاءَةُ {والكَفَاءُ بفتحهما ومَدِّهما، هَذَا} كِفَاؤُهُ) بِالْكَسْرِ والمدّ، قَالَ الشَّاعِر:
فَأَنْكَحَها لاَ فِي كِفَاءٍ وَلاَ غِنى
زِيَادٌ أَضَلَّ اللَّهُ سَعْيَ زِيَادِ
( {وَكِفْأَتُه) بِكَسْر فَسُكُون وَفِي بعض النّسخ بِالْفَتْح والمدّ (} وكَفِيئُهُ) كأَميرٍ ( {وكُفْؤُهُ) كقُفْلٍ (} وكَفْؤُهُ) بِالْفَتْح عَن كرَاع ( {وَكِفْؤُهُ) بِالْكَسْرِ (} وكُفُوءُهُ) بِالضَّمِّ والمدّ أَي (مِثْلُه) يكون ذَلِك فِي كلّ شَيْء، وَفِي (اللِّسَان) : {الكُفْءُ: النظير والمُساوِي، وَمِنْه الكَفَاءَة فِي النّكاح، وَهُوَ أَن يكون الزَّوْجُ مُساوِياً للمرأَةِ فِي حَسَبِا ودِينِها ونَسَبِها وَبيْتِها وغَيْر ذَلِك. قَالَ أَبو زيد: سمعتُ امرأَةً من عُقَيْلٍ وزَوْجَها يقرآنِ {لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ} كُفُؤاً أَحَدٌ} (الْإِخْلَاص: 3، 4) فأَلقى الهمزةَ وحوَّل حَركتَها على الفاءِ، وَقَالَ الزّجاج فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى: {وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ} أَربعة أَوْجُهٍ، القراءَةُ مِنْهَا ثلاثةٌ: كُفُؤاً بِضَم الْكَاف والفاءِ، {وكُفْأً بِضَم الْكَاف وَسُكُون الفاءِ،} وكِفْأً بِكَسْر الْكَاف وَسُكُون الْفَاء، وَقد قرىء بهَا،! وكِفَاءً بِكَسْر الْكَاف والمدّ، وَلم يُقْرَأْ بهَا، وَمَعْنَاهُ لم يكن أَحدٌ مِثلاً لله تَعَالَى جَلَّ ذِكْرُه، وَيُقَال: فُلانٌ {- كَفِيءُ فلانٍ} وَكُفُؤُ فلانٍ، وَقد قرأَ ابْن كَثيرٍ وأَبو عَمْرو وابنُ عامرٍ والكسائيُّ وعاصمٌ كُفُؤًا مُثقَّلاً مهموزاً، وقرأَ حَمزة بِسُكُون الفَاء مهموزاً، وإِذا وَقَف قرأَ كُفَا، بِغَيْر همزَة، واختُلِف عَن نَافِع فَرُوِي عَنهُ كُفُؤًا، مثل أَبي عَمْرو، وروى كُفْأً مثل حَمْزَة. (ج) أَي من كلّ ذَلِك ( {أَكْفَاءٌ) . قَالَ ابنُ سِيده: وَلَا أَعرف} للكَفْءِ جمعا على أَفْعَلٍ وَلَا فُعُولٍ وحَرِيءٌ أَن يَسَعه ذَلِك، أَعني أَن يكون أَكْفاء جَمْعَ كَفْءٍ المَفْتوح الأَوّل. (وكِفَاءٌ) جمع كَفِيءٍ، ككِرام وكَريم، والأَكفاء، كقُفْلٍ وأَقْفالٍ، وحِمْل وأَحمال، وعُنُقٍ وأَعْنَاق.
{وكَفَأَ القومُ: انصرفوا عَن الشيءِ (} وكَفَأَهُ كمَنَعَه) عَنهُ كَفْأً (: صَرَفَه) وَقيل {كَفَأْتُهم كَفْأً إِذا أَرادوا وَجْهاً فَصَرفْتَهم عَنهُ إِلى غَيره} فانكَفَئوا رَجَعُوا. (و) كَفَأَ الشْيءَ والإِناءَ {يَكْفَؤُه كَفْأً} وكَفَّأَه {فَتَكَفَّأَ، وَهُوَ} مَكْفُوءٌ (: كَبَّهُ) . حَكَاهُ صَاحب الواعي عَن الْكسَائي، وعبدُ الْوَاحِد اللّغَوِيّ عَن ابْن الأَعرابي، وَمثله حُكِيَ عَن الأَصمعي، وَفِي الفَصيح: {كَفَأْتُ الإِناءَ: كَبَبْتُه (و) عَن ابنِ دُرُسْتَوَيْه:} كَفَأَه بِمَعْنى (: قَلَبَهُ) حَكَاهُ يَعْقُوب فِي إِصلاح الْمنطق، وأَبو حاتمٍ فِي تَقْوِيم الْمُفْسد، عَن الأَصمعي، والزجّاج فِي فعلت وأَفعلت، وأَبو زيد فِي كتاب الْهَمْز، وكل مِنهما صحيحٌ. قَالَ شَيخنَا: وَزعم ابنُ دُرستويه أَن معنى قَلَبه أَمَالَه عَن الاستواءِ، كَبَّه أَو لَمْ يَكُبَّهُ، قَالَ: وَلذَلِك قيل:! أَكْفأَ فِي الشِّعْر، لأَنه قَلَبَ القوافِيَ عَن جِهَة استوائِها، فَلَو كَانَ مِثْلَ كَبَبْتُه كَمَا زعم ثعلبٌ لَمَا قِيل فِي القَوافي، لأَنها لَا تُكَبُّ، ثمَّ قَالَ شَيخنَا: وَهَذَا الَّذِي قَالَه ابنُ دُرستويه لَا مُعَوَّل عَلَيْهِ، بل الصَّحِيح أَن كَبَّ وقَلَبَ وكَفَأَ مُتَّحِدَةٌ فِي الْمَعْنى، انْتهى.
وَيُقَال: كَفَأَ الإِناءَ ( {كَأَكَفَأَهُ) رباعيًّا، نَقله الجوهريُّ عَن ابنِ الأَعرابيّ، وابنُ السكّيت أَيضاً عَنهُ، وابنُ القُوطِيّة وابنُ القطاع فِي الأَفعال، وأَبو عُبيدٍ البكريُّ فِي فَصْل المَقال، وأَبو عُبَيْدٍ فِي المُصَنَّف، وَقَالَ:} كَفَأْتُه، بِغَيْر ألف أفْصح، قَالَه شَيخنَا، وَفِي الْمُحكم أَنَّهَا لغةنادرة، قَالَ: وأباها الْأَصْمَعِي ( {واكتفأه) أَي الْإِنَاء مثل كفأه (و) كفأه أَيْضا بِمَعْنى (تبعه) فِي أَثَره، وكفأ الْإِبِل: [طردها] واكتفأها: أغار عَلَيْهَا فَذهب بهَا
وَفِي حَدِيث السليك ابْن السلكة: أصَاب أَهْليهمْ وَأَمْوَالهمْ} فاكتفأها. (و) كفأت (الْغنم فِي الشّعب)
أَي (دخلت) فِيهِ. وأكفأها: أدخلها، وَالظَّاهِر أَن ذكر الْغنم مِثَال فَيُقَال ذَلِك لجَمِيع الْمَاشِيَة
(و) كفأ (فلَانا: طرده) وَالَّذِي فِي اللِّسَان: وكفأ الْإِبِل وَالْخَيْل: طردها (و) كفأ (الْقَوْم) عَن الشَّيْء (انصرفوا) عَنهُ وَرَجَعُوا، وَيُقَال: كانالناس مُجْتَمعين {فانكفئوا (و) انكفتوا إِذا (انْهَزمُوا)
(و) أكفأ فِي سيره (عَن الْقَصْد: جَار. و) أكفأ} وكفأ (: مَال) كانكفأ (و) كفأ وأكفأ (: أمال [وقلب] )
قَالَ ابْن الْأَثِير: وكل شَيْء أملته فقد {كفأته
وَعَن الكسائيّ: أَكْفَأَ الشْيءَ. أَمالَه، لُغَيَّةٌ، وأَبَاها الأَصمعيُّ، وَيُقَال:} أَكْفأْتُ القَوْسَ إِذَا أَملْتَ رأْسَها وَلم تَنْصِبْهَا نَصْباً حِين ترمى عَنْهَا، وَقَالَ بعض: حِين ترمي عَلَيْهَا، قَالَ ذُو الرمة:
قَطَعْتُ بِهَا أَرْضاً تَرَى وَجْهَ رَكْبِهَا
إِذَا مَا عَلَوْهَا {مُكْفَأً غَيْرَ سَاجعٍ
أَي مُمَالاً غَيْرَ مُستقيمٍ، والساجِعُ القاصدُ: المُستَوِى المُستقِيم.} والمُكْفَأُ: الجائر، يَعني جائراً غيرَ قاصدِ، وَمِنْه السَّجْعُ فِي القَولِ. وَفِي حَدِيث الهرَّة أَنه (كَانَ) يُكفِيءُ لَهَا الإِناءَ، أَي يُمِيلُه لِتَشربَ مِنْهُ بسُهولة. وَفِي حَدِيث الفَرَعَةِ: خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَن تَذْبَحَه يَلْصَقُ لَحْمُه بِوَبَرِه وتُكْفِيءُ إِناءَكَ وتُولِهُ نَاقَتَكَ. أَي تَكُبُّ إِناءَك (لأَنه) لَا يَبْقَى لَك لَبَنٌ تَحْلُبُه فِيه، وتُولِيهُ ناقَتَكَ، أَي تَجْعَلُها وَالِهَةً بِذَبْحِك ولَدَها.
{ومُكْفِىءُ الظُّعْنِ: آخِرُ أَيَّامِ العَجُوز.
(و) أَكْفَأَ فِي الشِّعْرِ} إِكفاءً (: خَالَف بَيْنَ) ضُروب (إِعْرَابِ القَوَافِي) الَّتِي هِيَ أَواخرُ القَصيدة، وَهُوَ المخالفةُ بَين حَركاتِ الرَّوِيِّ رَفْعاً ونصْباً وجَرًّا، (أَو خَالَفَ بَيْنَ هِجَائِها) أَي القوافي، فَلَا يَلْزَم حَرْفاً وَاحِدًا، تَقَاربَتْ مخارِجُ الحُروف أَو تَباعدَتْ، على مَا جَرَى عَلَيْهِ الجوهريُّ، وَمثله بأَن يَجعل عَلَيْهِ الجوهريُّ، وَمثله بأَن يَجعل بعضَها مِيماً وبعضَها طاءً، لَكِن قد عَابَ ذَلِك عَلَيْهِ ابنُ بَرّيّ.
مثالُ الأَوّلِ:
بُنَيَّ إِنَّ البِرَّ شَيْءٌ هَيِّنُ
المَنْطِقُ اللَّيِّنُ والطُّعَيِّمُ
وَمِثَال الثّاني:
خَلِيلَيَّ سِيرَا واتْرُكا الرَّحْلَ إِنَّنِي
بِمَهْلَكَةٍ والعَاقِبَاتُ تَدُورُ
مَعَ قَوْله:
فَبَيْنَاهُ يَشْرى رَحْلَهُ قَالَ قَائِلٌ
لِمَنْ جَمَلُ رِخْوُ المِلاَطِ نَجِيبُ
وَقَالَ بَعضهم: الإِكفاءُ فِي الشّعْر هُوَ التعاقبُ بِي الراءِ وَاللَّام وَالنُّون.
قلت: وَهُوَ أَي! الإِكفاء أَحَدُ عيُوبِ القافية السّتَّة الَّتِي هِيَ: الإِيطاءُ، والتَّضمينُ، والإِقواءُ، والإِصرافُ، والإِكفاءُ، والسِّنادُ، وَفِي بعض شُروح الْكَافِي: الإِكفاءُ هُوَ اختلافُ الرَّوِيِّ بحُروفٍ مُتَقَارِبَةِ المخارج، أَي كالطَّاءِ مَعَ الدَّالِ، كَقَوْلِه: إِذَا رَكِبْتُ فاجْعلاني وَسَطَا
إِنِّي كَبِيرٌ لاَ أُطِيقُ العُنَّدَا
يُرِيد العُنَّتَ، وَهُوَ من أَقبح الْعُيُوب، وَلَا يجوز لأَحد من المُحدَثين ارتكابه، وَفِي (الأَساس) : وَمن الْمجَاز: أَكْفَأَ فِي الشِّعْرِ: قَلَب حَرْفَ الرَّوِيِّ مِن راءٍ إِلى لامٍ، أَو لامٍ إِلى ميمٍ، ونحوِه من الحروفِ المُتقارِبةِ المَخْرَجِ، أَو مخالفةِ إِعرابِ القوافي، انْتهى. (أَوْ) أَكفأَ فِي الشّعْر إِذا (أَقْوَى) فيكونان مُتَرادِفَيْنِ، نَقله الأَخفشُ عَن الخَليل وَابْن عبدِ الحَقّ الإِشْبِيلي فِي الواعي وَابْن طريف فِي الأَفعال، قيل: هما وَاحِد، زَاد فِي الواعي: وَهُوَ قَلْبُ القافية من الجَرِّ إِلى الرّفْع وَمَا أَشبه ذَلِك، مأْخوذٌ من كَفَأْتُ الإِناء: قَلَبْتُه، قَالَ الشَّاعِر:
أَفِدَ التَّرَحُّلُ غَيْرَ أَنَّ رِكَابَنَا
لَمَّا تَزُلْ بِرِحَالِنَا وَكَأَنْ قَدِ
زَعَمَ الغُدَافُ بِأَنَّ رِحْلَتَنَا غَداً
وَبِذَاكَ أَخْبَرَنا الغُدَافُ الأَسْوَدُ
وَقَالَ أَبو عُبيدٍ البكريُّ فِي فَصْلِ المَقال: الإِكفاءُ فِي الشّعْر إِذا قُلْتَ بَيْتاً مَرْفُوعا وآخرَ مخفوضاً، كَقَوْل الشَّاعِر:
وهَلْ هِنْدُ إِلاَّ مُهْرَةٌ عَرَبِيَّةٌ
سَلِيلَةُ أَفْرَاسٍ تَجَلَّلَها بَغْلُ
فَإِن نُتِجَتْ مُهْراً كَرِيماً فَبِالْحَرَى
وَإِنْ يَكُ إِقْرَافٌ فَمِنْ قِبَلِ الفَحْلِ
(أَوْ أَفْسَدَ فِي آخِرِ البَيْتِ أَيَّ إِفْسَادٍ كانَ) قَالَ الأَخفش: وسأَلت العربَ الفُصحاءَ عَنهُ، فإِذا هم يَجعلونه الفسادَ فِي آخرِ الْبَيْت والاختلافَ، من غير أَنْ يَحُدُّوا فِي ذَلِك شَيْئا، إِلا أَني رأَيتُ بعضَهم يَجعله اختلافَ الْحُرُوف، فأَنشدته:
كَأَنَّ فَا قَارُورَةٍ لم تُعْفَصِ مِنْها حِجَاجَا مُقْلَةٍ لَمْ تُلْخَصِ
كَاينَّ صِيرَانَ المَهَا المُنَقِّزِ
فَقَالَ: هَذَا هُوَ الإِكفاءُ، قَالَ: وأَنشده آخرُ قَوافِيَ على حُروفٍ مُختلفةٍ، فعَابِه، وَلَا أَعلمه إِلاَّ قَالَ لَهُ: قد أَكْفَأْتَ. وَحكى الجوهريُّ عَن الفرَّاءِ: أَكفَأَ الشاعرُ، إِذا خَالف بَين حَركات الرَّوِيِّ، وَهُوَ مِثْلُ الإِقواءِ، قَالَ ابنُ جِنّي: إِذا كَانَ الإِكفاءُ فِي الشّعْرِ مَحْمُولا على الإِكفاء فِي غيرِه، وَكَانَ وَضْعُ الإِكفاء إِنما هُوَ للخلافِ ووقوعِ الشيْءِ على غيرِ وَجْهِهِ لمْ يُنْكَرْ أَنْ يُسَمُّوا بِهِ الإِقواءَ فِي اختلافِ حُرُوف الرَّوِيّ جَمِيعًا، لأَن كلَّ واحدٍ مِنْهُمَا واقعٌ على غيرِ استواءٍ، قَالَ الأَخفش: إِلا أَني رأَيتهم إِذا قَرُبتْ مَخَارجُ الحُروف، أَو كَانَت من مَخرَجٍ واحدٍ ثمَّ اشتَدَّ تَشابُهُمَا لم يَفْطُنْ لَهَا عَامَّتُهم، يَعْنِي عامَّةَ العربِ، وَقد عَابَ الشيخُ أَبو مُحَمَّد بن بَرِّيَ على الجوهريِّ قولَه: الإِكفاءُ فِي الشّعْر أَن يُخالَف بَين قَوَافِيه فتَجْعَل بعضَها ميماً وبعضَها طاءً، فَقَالَ: صوابُ هَذَا أَن يَقُول: وبعضَها نُوناً، لأَن الإِكفاءَ إِنما يكون فِي الْحُرُوف المتقاربة فِي المَخْرَجِ، وأَمَّا الطاءُ فليستُ من مَخْرَج المِيمِ. والمُكْفَأُ فِي كلامِ الْعَرَب هُوَ المقلوبُ، وإِلى هَذَا يَذهبون، قَالَ الشَّاعِر:
وَلَمَّا أَصَابَتْنِي مِنَ الدَّهْرِ نَزْلَةٌ
شُغِلْتُ وَأَلْهَى النَّاسَ عَنِّي شُؤُونُهَا
إِذَا الفَارِغُ المَكْفِيُّ مِنْهُمْ دَعَوْتُهُ
أَبَرَّ وَكَانَتْ دَعْوَةً تَسْتَدِيمُهَا
فجَعَل الميمَ مَعَ النونِ لشَبهها بهَا، لأَنهما يَخرُجانِ من الخَياشيمِ، قَالَ: وأَخبرني من أَثِقُ بِهِ من أَهلِ العلمِ أَن ابْنَةَ أَبِي مُسافِعٍ قالتْ تَرثي أَباها (وقُتِلَ) وَهُوَ يَحْمِي جِيفَةَ أَبي جَهْلِ بنِ هِشامِ:
وَمَا لَيْثُ غَرِيفٍ ذُو
أَظَافِيرَ وَإِقْدَامْ
كَحِبِّي إِذْ تَلاَقَوْا
وَوُجُوهُ القَوْمِ أَقْرَانْ وأَنتَ الطَّاعِنُ النَّجْلاَ
ءَ مِنْهَا مُزْبِدٌ آنْ
وَبِالْكَفِّ حُسَامٌ صَا
رِمٌ أَبْيَضُ خَذَّامْ
وَقَدْ تَرْحَلُ بِالرَّكْبِ
فَمَا تُخْنِى بِصُحْبَانْ
قَالَ: جَمَعوا بَين الميمِ والنونِ لقُرْبهما، وَهُوَ كثيرٌ، قَالَ: وَسمعت من الْعَرَب مِثل هَذَا مَا لَا أُحْصِى، قَالَ الأَخفش: وبالجُمْلة فإِنّ الإِكفاءَ المخالفةُ، قَالَ فِي قَوْله:
{مُكْفَأً غَيْرَ سَاجِعِ
} المُكْفَأُ هَاهُنَا الَّذِي لَيْسَ بِمُوافِقٍ. وَفِي حديثِ النَّابِغة أَنه كَانَ {يُكْفِىءُ فِي شِعْرِه، وَهُوَ أَن يخالِف بَين حركاتِ الرَّوِيّ رفعا ونصباً وجرًّا، قَالَ: وَهُوَ كالإِقْواءِ، وَقيل: هُوَ أَن يُخَالف بَين قَوافِيه فَلَا يَلْزَم حرفا وَاحِدًا كَذَا فِي (اللِّسَان) .
(و) أَكفأَت (الإِبِلُ: كَثُرَ نِتَاجُهَا) وَكَذَلِكَ الْغنم، كَمَا يُفيده سِياقُ المُحكم (و) أَكفأَ (إِبِلَهُ) وغَنَمَه (فُلاناً: جَعَلَ لَهُ مَنَافِعَهَا) أَوْبَارَها. وأَصوَافَهَا وأَشعارَها وأَلبانَها وأَولاَدَها.
(} والكَفْأَةُ) بِالْفَتْح (ويُضَمُّ) أَوَّلُه (: حَمْلُ النَّخْلِ سَنَتَهَا، و) هُوَ (فِي الأَرْضِ: زِرَاعَةُ سَنَتِهَا) قَالَ الشَّاعِر:
غُلْبٌ مَجَالِيحُ عِنْدَ المَحْلِ كُفْأَتُهَا
أَشطانُهَا فِي عَذَابِ البَحْرِ تَسْتَبقُ
أَراد بِهِ النَّخيلَ، وأَراد بأَشطانِها عُروقَا، والبَحْرُ هُنَا الماءُ الكثيرُ، لأَن النخْلَ لَا يَشْرب فِي البَحْرِ، وَقَالَ أَبو زيد: {استكْفَأْتُ فلَانا نَخْلَه إِذا سأْلْتَه ثَمَرها سَنَةً، فَجعل للنخْلِ كَفْأَةً، وَهُوَ ثَمَرةُ سَنَتِها، شُبِّهَتْ بِكَفْأَةِ الإِبل، قلت: فَيكون من الْمجَاز.
(و) الكَفْأَة (فِي الإِبِلِ) والغَنم (نِتاجُ عَامِهَا) } واستكْفأْتُ فُلاناً إِبلَه، أَي سأَلْتُه نِتَاجَ إِبلهِ سَنَةً! فأَكْفَأَنِيهَا، أَي أَعطاني لَبَنَها وَوَبَرَها وأَولادَها مِنْهُ، تَقول: أَعطِني كُفْأَةَ ناقَتك، تضمُّ وتفتَحُ، وَقَالَ غَيره: ونَتَجَ الإِبلَ {كَفُأَتَيْنِ، وأَكفَأَها إِذا جَعلها كُفْأَتينِ، وَهُوَ أَن يَجعلها نِصْفَيْنِ يَنْتِجُ كُلَّ عامٍ نِصْفاً وَيَدَعُ نُصْفاً، كَمَا يصنعُ بالأَرض بالزِّراعة، فإِذا كَانَ الْعَام المُقْبِل أَرسلَ الفحلَ فِي النَّصف الَّذِي لم يُرسله فِيهِ من العامِ الفارِطِ لأَن أَجْوَد الأَوقات عِنْد العَرب فِي نِتاجِ الإِبل أَن تُتْرَك النَّاقة بعد نِتاجِها سَنةً لَا يُحْمَلُ عَلَيْهَا الفَحْلُ ثمَّ تُضرَب إِذا أَرادَتِ الفَحْلَ، وَفِي (الصِّحَاح) : لأَن أَفضلَ النِّتاجِ أَن يُحْمَلَ على الإِبلِ الفُحُولَةُ عَاما وتُتْرَكَ عَاما، كَمَا يُصْنَع بالأَرضِ فِي الزِّراعة، وأَنشد قولَ ذِي الرُّمَّة:
تَرَى كُفْأَتَيْهَا تُنفِضان وَلَمْ يَجِدْ
لَهَا ثِيلَ سَقْبٍ فِي النِّتَاجَيْنِ لاَمِسُ
وَفِي (الصِّحَاح) : (كِلاَ} كَفْأَتَيْهَا) يَعْنِي أَنها نُتِجت كُلُّها إِنَاثاً، وَهُوَ محمودٌ عِنْدهم، قَالَ كعبُ بن زُهَيْر:
إِذَا مَا نَتَجْنَا أَرْبَعاً عَامَ كُفْأَةٍ
بَغَاها خَنَاسِيراً فَأَهْلَكَ أَرْبَعَا
الخَنَاسِيرُ: الهَلاكُ، (أَو) كُفْأَة الإِبِل (: نِتَاجُهَا بَعْدَ حِيَالِ سَنَةٍ أَو) بعد حِيالِ (أَكْثَرَ) مِن سَنةٍ، يُقَال من ذَلِك: نَتَجَ فُلانٌ إِبلَه كَفْأَةً وكُفْأَةً، وأَكْفأَتْ فِي الشاءِ مِثْلُه فِي الإِبل (و) قَالَ بَعضهم (مَنَحَهُ كَفْأَةَ غَنَمِهِ، ويُضَمُّ) أَي (وَهَبَ لَهُ أَلْبَانَهَا وَأَوْلاَدَهَا وأَصْوَافَها سَنَةً وَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ الأُمَّهَاتِ) ووهَبْتُ لَهُ كُفْأَة نَاقَتي، تُضمّ وتُفتح، إِذا وهَبْتُ لَهُ وَلَدَها ولَبنَها وَوَبَرها سَنَةً، واستكْفَأَه فأَكْفَأَه: سأَلَه أَن يَجْعل لَهُ ذَلِك. وَعَن أَبي زيدٍ: استكفأَ زَيْدٌ عَمْراً نَاقَتَه، إِذا سأَله أَن يَهبها لَهُ وَولَدَها ووَبَرَها سَنةً، وروى عَن الْحَارِث بن أَبي الْحَارِث الأَزدِيِّ مِن أَهْلِ نَصِيبَيْن أَن أَباه اشْترى مَعْدِناً بِمِائَة شاةِ مُتْبِع، فأَتى أُمَّه فاستأْمَرَهَا، فَقَالَت إِنك اشتريتَه بثلاثِمائة شاةٍ: أُمُّها مائةٌ، وأَولادُها مائةُ شاةٍ، وكُفْأَتُها مائةُ شاةٍ. فندِمَ فاستقالَ صاحِبَه فَأَبَى أَن يُقِيله، فقَبض المَعْدِن فأَذابَه وأَخرج مِنْهُ ثَمَن أَلْفِ شاةٍ، فأَثَى بِهِ صاحِبُه إِلى عليَ رَضِي الله عَنهُ أَي وشَى بِهِ وسَعَى وَقَالَ: إِن أَبا الْحَارِث أَصابَ رِكَازاً. فسأَله عليٌّ رَضِي الله عَنهُ، فأَخبره أَنه اشْتَرَاهُ بمائةِ شاةٍ مُتْبِع، فَقَالَ عليٌّ: مَا أَرى الخُمُسَ إِلاَّ على البَائِع، فأَخذَ الخُمُسَ من الْغنم، وَالْمعْنَى أَن أُمَّ الرجلِ جعلَتْ كُفْأَة مائةِ شاةٍ فِي كلّ نِتاجٍ مائَة، وَلَو كانتْ إِبلاً كَانَ كفأَةُ مائةٍ من الإِبل خَمْسينَ، لأَن الغَنَمَ يُرْسَل الفَحْلُ فِيهَا وقْتَ ضِرابِها أَجْمَعَ، وتَحْمِلُ أَجمعَ، وليستْ مِثلَ الإِبلِ يُحْمَلُ عَلَيْهَا سنَةً، وسَنَةً لَا يُحْمَل عَلَيْهَا، وأَرادت أُم الرجلِ تكثيرَ مَا اشتَرَى بِهِ ابنُها، وإِعلامَه أَنَّه غُبِن فِيمَا ابتاعَ، فَفطَّنَتْه أَنه كأَنَّه اشتَرَى المَعدِنَ بثلاثِمائةِ شاةٍ، فَنَدم الابنُ واستقالَ بائعَه، فأَبَى بَارك اللَّهُ لَهُ فِي المعدِنِ، فحسَده البائعُ (على كَثْرَة الرّبع) وسَعَى بِهِ إِلى عليَ رَضِي الله عَنهُ، فأَلَزَمه الخُمُسَ، وأَضرَّ البائعُ بنفسِه فِي سِعَايته بِصَاحِبِهِ إِليه، كَذَا فِي (لِسَان الْعَرَب) .
(والكِفَاءُ) بِالْكَسْرِ والمدّ (كَكِتَابٍ: سُتْرَةٌ مِنْ أَعْلَى البَيْتِ إِلى أَسْفَلِهِ مِنْ مُؤَخَّرِهِ، أَو) هُوَ (الشُّقَّةُ) الَّتِي تكون (فِي مُؤَخَّرِ الخِبَاءِ، أَو) هُوَ (كِسَاءٌ يُلْقَى على الخِبَاءِ) كالإِزار (حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الأَرْضَ، و) مِنْهُ (: قَدْ أَكْفَأْتُ البَيْتَ) إِكْفَاءً، وَهُوَ مُكْفَأٌ، إِذَا عَمِلْتَ لَهُ كِفَاءً، وكِفَاءُ البيتِ مُؤَخَّرُه، وَفِي حَدِيث أُمِّ مَعْبَدٍ: رأَى شَاةً، فِي كِفَاءِ البَيْتِ، هُوَ من ذَلِك، والجمعُ {أَكْفِئَةٌ، كحِمارٍ وأَحْمِرَةٍ.
(و) رجلٌ مُكْفَأُ الوجْهِ: مُتَغَيِّرُه سَاهِمُه ورأَيتُ فلَانا مُكْفَأَ الوَجْهِ، إِذا رَأَيْتَه كاسِفَ اللَّوْنِ سَاهِماً، وَيُقَال: رأَيته مُتَكَفِّيءَ اللوْنِ ومُنْكَفِتَ اللوْنِ، أَي مُتَغَيِّرَهُ. وَيُقَال: أَصبح فلانٌ} - كَفِيءَ اللوْنِ مُتَغَيِّرَهُ، كأَنه كُفِيءَ فَهُوَ (كَفِيءُ اللَّوْنِ) كأَمِيرٍ (! ومُكْفَؤُهُ) كَمُكْرَم، أَي (كَاسِفُهُ) ساهِمُه أَي (مُتَغَيِّرُهُ) لأَمْرٍ نَابَه، قَالَ دُرَيدُ بنُ الصِّمَّةِ:
وَأَسْمَرَ مِنْ قِدَاحِ النَّبْعِ فَرْعٍ
كَفِيءِ اللَّوْنِ مِنْ مَسَ وَضَرْسِ
أَي متغيّر اللَّوْنِ من كَثْرَة مَا مُسِحَ وعُصِرَ.
(وكَافَأَهُ: دَافَعُه) وقَاوَمَه، قَالَ أَبو ذَرَ فِي حَدِيثه: لنا عَبَاءَتَانِ {نُكافِىءُ بهما عَنَّا الشمسِ وإِني لأَخْشَى فَضْلَ الحِسابِ. أَي نُقابِل بهما الشمْسَ ونُدافِع، من المُكافَأَة: المُقَاوَمةِ.
(و) كَافَأَ الرجلُ (بَيْنَ فَارِسَيْنِ بِرُمْحِهِ) إِذا وَالَى بَينهمَا (طَنَنَ هَذَا ثُمَّ هَذَا. و) فِي حَدِيث العَقيقة عَن الْغُلَام (شَاتَانِ} مُكَافَأَتَانِ) بفتحا لفاءِ، قَالَ ابنُ الأَعرابيّ مُشْتَبِهَتانِ، وَقيل: مُتقارِبَتَان، وَقيل: مُسْتَوِيتانِ (وتُكْسَر الفَاءُ) عَن الخَطَّابِي، وَاخْتَارَ المحدِّيون الفَتْحَ، وَمعنى مُتَساوِيَتَان (كُل (وَاحِدَة) مِنْهُمَا مُسَاوِيَةٌ لِصَاحِبَتِها فِي السِّنِّ) فَمَعْنَى الحَدِيث: لَا يُعَقُّ إِلاَّ بِمُسِنَّةٍ، وأَقلُّه أَن يكون جَذَعاً كَمَا يُجْزِيءُ فِي الضَّحايا، قَالَ الخَطَّابي: وأَرى الفَتْحَ أَوْلَى، لأَنه يُرِيد شَاتَيْنِ قد سُوِّى بَينهمَا، أَي مُسَاوى بَينهمَا، قَالَ: وأَما الكَسْر فَمَعْنَاه أَنهما مُتساوِيتان، فيُحْتَاج أَن يَذْكُر أَيَّ شَيْءٍ سَاوَيَا، وإِنما لَو قَالَ {مُتَكافِئتان كَانَ الكَسْرُ أَوْلَى، وَقَالَ الزّمخشري: لَا فَرْقَ بَين} المُكافِئَتين {والمُكَافَأَتَيْنِ، لأَن كلّ واحدةٍ إِذا كافَأَت أُختَها فقد} كُوفِئَت، فَهِيَ {مُكافِئَة} ومُكَافَأَة، أَو يكون مَعْنَاهُ مُعَادِلَتَان لما يَجِب فِي الزكاةِ والأُضْحِيَّة من الأَسنانِ، قَالَ: وَيحْتَمل مَعَ الْفَتْح أَن يُرادَ مَذبوحتانِ، من كَافَأَ الرجلُ بَين البَعِيرينِ إِذا نَحرَ هَذَا ثمَّ هَذَا مَعًا من غير تفريقٍ، كأَنه يُريد (شاتيْنِ) يَذْبَحُهما فِي وقتٍ واحدٍ، وَقيل: تُذْبَحُ إِحداهما مُقابلةً الأُخرَى، وكلُّ شْيءٍ سَاوَى شَيْئاً حَتَّى يكونَ مِثلَه فَهُوَ {مُكافِىءٌ لَهُ، والمُكافَأَةُ بَين الناسِ من هَذَا، وَيُقَال: كافَأْتُ الرجلَ أَي فعَلْتُ بِهِ مثل مَا فَعَل بِي وَمِنْه} الكُفْءُ من الرِّجَال للمرأَةِ، تَقول: إِنه مثلُها فِي حَسبها.
وقرأَتُ فِي قُرَاضة الذَّهب لأَبي عليَ الحسنِ بنِ رَشيق القَيْرَوَانِيّ قولَ الكُمَيْتِ يَصِف الثورَ والكِلاب:
وَعاثَ فِي عَانَةٍ مِنْهَا بِعَثْعَثَةٍ
نَحْرَ {المُكَافِىءِ والمَكْثُورُ يَهْتَبِلُ
قَالَ: المُكافِيءُ: الَّذِي يَذبحُ شاتَيْنِ إِحداهما مُقَابِلَة الأُخرى للعقيقة.
(} وَانْكَفَأَ) : مَالَ، {كَكَفأَ، وأَكْفَأَ وَفِي حَدِيث الضَّحِيَّة: ثُمَّ انْكَفَأَ إِلى كَبْشَيْنِ أَمْلَحَيْنِ فذَبحَهما. أَي مَالَ و (رَجَعَ) ، وَفِي حَدِيث آخَرَ: فوضَع السَّيْفَ فِي بَطْنِه ثمَّ انْكَفَأَ عَلَيْهِ.
(و) } انْكَفَأَ (لَوْنُه) {كَأَكْفَأَ} وكَفَأَ {وتَكَفَّأَ وانْكَفَت، أَي (تَغَيَّرَ) وَفِي حَدِيث عُمَر أَنه انْكَفَأَ لَوْنُه عَامَ الرَّمَادَةِ، أَي تَغيَّر عَن حالِه حِين قَالَ لَا آكُلُ سَمْناً وَلَا سَمِيناً. وَفِي حَدِيث الأَنصاريّ: مَالِي أَرَى لَوْنَكَ} مُنْكفِئًا؟ قَالَ: من الجُوع. وَهُوَ مجَاز.
( {- والكَفِيءُ) كأَمِير (} والكِفْءُ، بِالْكَسْرِ: بَطْنُ الوَادِي) نَقله الصَّاغَانِي وابنُ سَيّده.
( {والتَّكَافُؤُ: الاستِواءُ) } وتكافَأَ الشَّيْئَانِ: تَماثَلا، {كَكَافَأَ، وَفِي الحَدِيث (المُسلمونَ} تَتَكَافَأُ دِماؤُهم) قَالَ أَبو عُبيدٍ: يُرِيد تَتَساوى فِي الدِّيَاتِ والقِصاص، فَلَيْسَ لِشَرِيفٍ على وَضِيع فَضْلٌ فِي ذَلِك.
وَمِمَّا بَقِي على المُصَنّف:
قَول الْجَوْهَرِي: {تَكَفَّأَت المرأَةُ فِي مِشْيَتِها: تَرَهْيَأَتْ ومَارَت كَمَا} تَتَكفَّأُ النخْلَةُ العَيْدَانَةُ، نقلَه شيخُنا. قلت: وَقَالَ بِشْر بنُ أَب حَازِم:
وَكَأَنَّ ظُعْنَهُمُ غَدَاةَ تَحَمَّلُوا
سُفُنٌ {تَكَفَّأُ فِي خَلِيجٍ مُغْرَبِ
هَكَذَا استشهَد بِهِ الجوهريُّ، واستَشْهد بِهِ ابنُ مَنْظُور عِنْد قَوْله: وكَفَأَ (الشيءَ) والإِناءَ} يَكْفَؤُه كَفْأً (وَكَفَّأَه) {فَتَكَفَّأَ، وَهُوَ} مَكْفُوءٌ: قَلَبَهُ.
وَمِمَّا يسْتَدرك عَلَيْهِ:
{الكَفَاءُ، كسحابٍ: أَيْسَرُ المَيل فِي السَّنام ونَحْوه، جَمَلٌ} أَكْفأُ وناقة {كَفْآءُ، عَن ابنِ شُمَيْلٍ: سَنامٌ أَكْفَأُ: هُوَ الَّذِي مالَ على أَحدِ جَنْبِي البعيرِ، وناقة} كَفْآءُ، وجَملٌ أَكْفَأُ، وَهَذَا من أَهْوَن عُيوبِ الْبَعِير، لأَنه إِذا سَمِنَ استقامَ سَنامُه.
وَمن ذَلِك فِي الحديثاءَنه صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وسلمكان إِذا مَشَى تَكَفَّأَ {تَكَفُّؤًا.} التَّكَفُّؤُ: التمايُلُ إِلى قُدَّامٍ كَمَا {تَتَكَفَّأُ السفينةُ فِي جَرْيها. قَالَ ابْن الأَثير: رُوي مهموزاً وغيرَ مهموزٍ، قَالَ: والأَصل الهمْزُ، لأَن مصدر تَفَعَّلَ من الصَّحِيح كتقدَّم تقدُّماً وتَكَفَّأَ تَكَفُّؤًا، والهمزة حرفٌ صَحيحٌ، فأَما إِذا اعتلَّ انكَسرت عَيْنُ المُستقبَل مِنْهُ نَحْو تَخَفَّى تَخَفِّياً وتَسمَّى تَسمِّياً، فإِذا خُفِّفَتِ الهمزةُ التحَقَتْ بالمعتلِّ، وصارَ تَكَفِّياً، بِالْكَسْرِ، وَهَذَا كَمَا جاءَ أَيضاً أَنه كَانَ إِذا مَشَى كأَنَّه يَنحَطُّ فِي صَبَبٍ، وَفِي رِوَايَة إِذا مَشَى تَقَلَّع. وَبَعضه يُوافقُ بَعْضاً ويُفَسَّره، وَقَالَ ثعلبٌ فِي تَفْسِير قَوْله كأَنّما ينحط فِي صَبَبٍ: أَراد أَنَّه قَوِيُّ البَدنِ، فإِذا مَشى فكأَنما يَمْشِي على صُدُورِ قَدَميْهِ من القُوَّةِ، وأَنشد:
الوَاطِئينَ عَلَى صُدُورِ نِعالِهِمْ
يَمْشُونَ فِي الدَّفَنِيِّ والأَبْرَادِ
} - والتَّكَفّي فِي الأَصل مهموزٌ، فتُرِكَ هَمْزُه، وَلذَلِك جُعِل الْمصدر تَكَفِّياً.
وَفِي حَدِيث القِيامة (وتَكُونُ الأَرْضُ خُبْزَةً واحدَة {يَكْفَؤُهَا الجَبَّارُ بِيَدهِ كَمَا} يَكْفَأُ أَحَدُكُمْ خُبْزَتَه فِي السَّفَرِ) وَفِي رِوَايَة ( {يَتَكَفَّؤُهَا) يُرِيد الخُبْزَةَ الَّتِي يَصْنَعها المُسافِرُ، ويضعُها فِي المَلَّةِ، فإِنها لَا تُبْسَط كالرُّقَاقَةِ وَإِنَّما تُقلبُ على الأَيْدي حَتَّى تَستَويَ.
وَفِي حَدِيث الصِّراط (آخِرُ مَنْ يَمُرُّ رَجُلٌ} يَتَكَفَّأُ بِهِ الضِّراطُ) أَي يَتَمَيَّلُ وَيَنْقَلِب.
وَفِي حَدِيث الطَّعَام غير {مُكْفَإٍ وَلَا مُوَدَّع، وَفِي رِوَايَة غير مَكْفِيءٍ، أَي غير مَرْدُود وَلَا مقلوب، والضميرُ راجعٌ للطعام، وَقيل من الكِفَايَة، فَيكون من المُعتل، والضميرُ لله سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى، وَيجوز رُجُوع الضَّمِير للحمد.
وَفِي حديثٍ آخر: كانَ لَا يقبَل الثَّناءَ إِلاَّ من مُكَافِيءٍ أَي من رجل يَعْرِف حقيقةَ إِسلامــه وَلَا يَدْخل عِنْده فِي جُملةِ المُنافقين الَّذين يَقُولُونَ بأَلسنتهم مَا لَيْسَ فِي قُلُوبهم، قَالَه ابنُ الأَنباري، وَقيل: أَي منْ مُقارِب غير مُجَاوِزٍ حَدَّ مثلِه، وَلَا مُقَصِّرٍ عَمَّا رفَعه الله تَعَالَى إِليه، قَالَه الأَزهري، وَهُنَاكَ قَول ثَالِث للقُتَيْبِيِّ لم يرتضه ابنُ الأَنباري، فَلم أَذكُرْه، اُنْظُرْهُ فِي (لِسَان الْعَرَب) .

امر

1 أَمَرَهُ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـُ (M, &c.,) inf. n. أَمْرٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and إِمَارٌ, (M, L, K,) which latter, however, is disapproved by MF, (TA,) and إِيمَارٌ is syn. therewith, (K,) but this also is disapproved by MF, and deemed by him strange, [being by rule the inf. n. of ↓ آمَرَهُ, respecting which see what follows,] (TA,) and آمِرَةٌ, (M, K,) which is one of the inf. ns. [or quasiinf. ns.] of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ, like عَافِيَةٌ and عَاقِبَةٌ, (M,) He commanded him; ordered him; bade him; enjoined him; the inf. n. signifying the contr. of نَهْىٌ; (T, M, K;) as also ↓ آمرهُ, (Kr, M, K,) mentioned by A'Obeyd also as a dial. var. of أمَرَهُ: (Msb:) but A'Obeyd says that آمَرْتُهُ and أَمرْتُهُ are syn. [in a sense different from that explained above, i. e.] as meaning كَثَّرْتُهُ. (TA.) You say, أَمَرَهُ بِهِ, (S, M, K,) and أَمَرَهُ إِيَّاهُ, suppressing the prep., (M,) He commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, him to do it. (M, K.) And أمَرْتُكَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ, and لِتَفْعَلَ, and بِأنْ تَفْعَلَ, I commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, thee to do [such a thing]. (M.) [And أَمَرَهُ بِكَذَا as meaning He commanded him, or ordered him, to make use of such a thing; or the like: whence, in a trad.,] أُمِرْتُ بِالسِّوَاكِ [I have been commanded to make use of the tooth-stick]. (El-Jámi' es-Sagheer.) [And He enjoined him such a thing; as, for instance, patience.] The imperative of أَمَرَ is مُرْ; originally اؤْمُرْ; which also occurs [with وَ in the place of ؤ when the ا is pronounced with damm]: (M:) but [generally] when it is not preceded by a conjunction, (Msb,) i. e., by وَ or فَ, (T,) you suppress the ء, [i. e. the radical ء, and with it the conjunctive ا preceding it,] contr. to rule, and say, مُرْهُ بِكَذَا [Command, or order, or bid, or enjoin, thou him to do such a thing]; like as you say, كُلْ and خُذْ: when, however, it is preceded by a conjunction, the practice commonly obtaining is, to restore the وَأْمُرْ بِكَذَا, agreeably with analogy, and thus to say, أَمُرْ بِكَذَا. (Msb.) b2: [You say also, أَمَرَ بِهِ فَقُتِلَ He gave an order respecting him, and accordingly he was slain. And أَمَرَ لَهُ بِكَذَا He ordered that such a thing should be done, or given, to him.] b3: In the Kur [xvii. 17], أَمَرْنَا مُتْرَفِيهَا فَفَسَقُوا فِيهَا, so accord. to most of the readers, (T, &c.,) means We commanded [its luxurious inhabitants] to obey, but they transgressed therein, or departed from the right way, or disobeyed: (Fr, T, S, &c.:) so says Aboo-Is-hák; adding that, although one says, أَمَرتُ زَيْدًا فَضَرَبَ عَمْرًا, meaning I commanded Zeyd to beat 'Amr, and he beat him, yet one also says, أَمَرْتُكَ فَعَصَيْتَنِى [I commanded thee, but thou disobeyedst me]: or, accord. to some, the meaning is, We multiplied its luxurious inhabitants; (T;) and this is agreeable with another reading, namely, ↓ آمَرْنَا; (TA;) and a reading of El-Hasan, namely, أَمِرْنَا, like عَلِمْنَا, may be a dial. var., of the same signification: (M:) see 4, in two places: or it may be from الإِمَارَةُ; (S, TA;) [in which case it seems that we should read ↓ أَمَّرْنَا; or, perhaps, أَمَرْنَا: see 2:] Abu-l-'Áliyeh reads ↓ أَمَّرْنَا, and this is agreeable with the explanation of I'Ab, who says that the meaning is, We made its chiefs to have authority, power, or dominion. (TA.) b4: أَمَرَهُ, aor. ـُ also signifies He commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, him to do that which it behooved him to do. (A.) [He counselled, or advised, him.] One says, مُرْنِى, meaning Counsel thou me; advise thou me. (A.) b5: أَمَرَ بِاقْتِنَاصٍ, said of a wild animal, means He rendered the beholder desirous of capturing him. (M.) A2: أَمَرَ, (As, Fr, Th, T, S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA;) and أَمُرَ, aor. ـُ (S, M, IKtt, K;) and أَمِرَ, aor. ـَ (M, K, and several other authorities; but by some this is disallowed; TA;) inf. n. أَمْرٌ (K) and إِمْرَةٌ (S) and إِمَارَةٌ; (As, T, S;) or the second is a simple subst.; (K;) or perhaps it is meant in the S that this and the third are quasi-inf. ns.; (MF;) He had, or held, command; he presided as a commander, governor, lord, prince, or king; (M, Msb, K;) he became an أَمِير; (As, T, S;) عَلَى

القَوْمِ over the people. (M, * Msb, K.) [See also 5.]

أَمَرَ فُلَانٌ وَأُمِرَ عَلَيْهِ, or عليه ↓ وأُمِّرَ, (as in different copies of the S,) [Such a one has held command and been commanded,] is said of one who has been a commander, or governor, after having been a subject of a commander, or governor; meaning such a one is a person of experience; or one who has been tried, or proved and strengthened, by experience. (S.) A3: أَمَرَهُ as syn. with آمَرَهُ: see 4.

A4: أَمِرَ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. أَمَرٌ and أَمْرَة; (M, K, TA; the latter written in the CK اَمْرَة;) and أمُرَ, aor. ـَ (IKtt;) (assumed tropical:) It (a thing, M, Msb, or a man's property, or camels or the like, Abu-l-Hasan and S, and a people, T, S) multiplied; or became many, or much, or abundant; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) and became complete. (M, K.) b2: And the former, (assumed tropical:) His beasts multiplied; or became many; (M, K;) [ as also ↓ آمر; for you say,] بَنُو فُلَانٍ ↓ آمر, inf. n. إِيمَارٌ, (assumed tropical:) The property, or camels or the like, of the sons of such a one multiplied; or became many, or abundant. (M.) A5: أَمِرَ الأَمْرُ, (Akh, S, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. أَمَرٌ, (Akh, S,) (assumed tropical:) The affair, or case, (i. e., a man's affair, or case, Akh, S,) became severe, distressful, grievous, or afflictive. (Akh, S, K.) 2 أمّرهُ, inf. n. تَأْمِيرٌ, He made him, or appointed him, commander, governor, lord, prince, or king. (S, * Mgh, Msb.) [And it seems to be indicated in the S that ↓ أَمَرَهُ, without teshdeed, signifies the same.] See 1, in three places. Yousay also, أُمِّرَعَلَيْنَا (A, TA) He was made, or appointed, commander, &c., over us. (TA.) b2: Also He appointed him judge, or umpire. (Mgh.) b3: أمّر القَنَاةَ (assumed tropical:) He affixed a spear-head to the cane or spear. (T, M.) [See also the pass. part. n., below.] b4: أمّرأَمَارَةٍ He made [a thing] a sign, or mark, to show the way. (T.) 3 آمرهُ فِي أَمْرِهِ, (T, * S, M, Msb,) inf. n. مُؤَامَرَةٌ, (S, K,) He consulted him respecting his affair, or case; (T, * S, M, Msb, K, * TA;) as also وَامَرَهُ; (TA;) or this is not a chaste form; (IAth, TA;) or it is vulgar; (S, TA;) and ↓ استأمرهُ, (M,) inf. n. اسْتِئْمَارٌ; (S, K;) and ↓ ائتمرهُ, (T,) inf. n. ائتِمَارٌ. (S, K.) It is said in a trad., آمِرُوا النِّسَآءَ فِى أَنْفُسِهِنَّ Consult ye women respecting themselves, as to marrying them. (TA.) And in another trad., آمَرَتْ نَفْسَهَا, meaning She consulted herself, or her mind; as also ↓ استأمرت نفسها. (TA.) [See another ex. voce نَفْسٌ. and see also 8.]4 آمر, inf. n. إِيمَارٌ: see 1, last sentence but one, in two places.

A2: آمْرٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) and ↓ أَمَرَهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) accord. to some, (M,) aor. ـُ (Msb, K,) inf. n. أَمْرٌ; (Msb;) both signifying the same accord. to AO, (S,) or A 'Obeyd, (TA,) but the latter is of weak authority, (K,) or is not allowable; (M;) and, accord. to El-Hasan's reading of xvii. 17 of the Kur, (see 1,) ↓ أَمِرَهُ also; (M;) (assumed tropical:) He (a man) multiplied it; or made it many, or much, or abundant: (S, Msb:) He (God) multiplied, or made many or much or abundant, his progeny, and his beasts: (M, K:) and آمر مَالَهُ (assumed tropical:) He (God) multiplied, &c., his property, or camels or the like. (S.) A3: See also 1, first sentence, in two places.5 تأمّر He became made, or appointed, commander, governor, lord, prince, or king; (Msb;) he received authority, power, or dominion; عَلَيْهِمْ over them. (S, K.) [See also أَمَرَ.] b2: See also 8.6 تَاَاْمَرَ see 8, in three places.8 ائتمر [written with the disjunctive alif اِيتَمَرَ] He obeyed, or conformed to, a command; (S, * M, Mgh, K; *) he heard and obeyed. (Msb.) You say, ائتمر بِخَيْرٍ, meaning He was as though his mind commanded him to do good and he obeyed the command. (M.) And [you use it transitively, saying,] ائتمر الأَمْرَ He obeyed, or conformed to, the command. (S.) And لَا يَأْتَمِرُ رُشْدًا He will not do right of his own accord. (A.) Imra el-Keys says, (S,) or En-Nemir Ibn-Towlab, (T,) وَيَعْدُو عَلَى المَرْءِ مَا يَأْتَمِرْ [And that which man obeys wrongs him, or injures him]; meaning, that which his own soul commands him to do, and which he judges to be right, but in which often is found his destruction: (S:) or, accord. to KT, that evil which man purposes to do: (T:) or that which man does without consideration, and without looking to its result. (A 'Obeyd, T.) [See what follows.] b2: He undertook a thing without consulting; (KT, T;) as though his soul, or mind, ordered him to do it and he obeyed it: (TA:) he followed his own opinion only. (Mgh.) One says, أَمَرْتُهُ فأْتَمَرَ وَأَبَى

أَنْ يَأْتَمِرَ, (A, Mgh,) meaning I commanded him, but he followed his own opinion only, and refused to obey. (Mgh.) b3: He formed an opinion, and consulted his own mind, and determined upon it. (Sh, T.) And ائتمر رَأْيَهُ He consulted his own mind, or judgment, respecting what was right for him to do. (Sh, T.) b4: ائتمروا, (A, Msb,) inf. n. ائْتِمَارٌ; (S, K;) and ↓ تآمروا, (A,) inf. n. تَآمُرٌ, of the measure تَفَاعُلٌ; (S;) and ↓ تأمّروا, (TA,) inf. n. تَأَمُّرٌ; (K;) They consulted together: (S, * A, Msb, K: *) or ائتمروا and ↓ تآمروا signify they commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, one another; like as one says, اقتتلوا and تقاتلوا, and اختصموا and تخاصموا: (T:) or ائتمروا عَلَى الأَمْرِ and عَلَيْهِ ↓ تآمروا, they determined, or settled, their opinions respecting the affair, or case: (M:) and ائتمروا بِهِ, (S, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (K,) signifies they purposed it, (S, Msb, K, *) namely, a thing, (Msb, K,) and consulted one another respecting it. (S.) It is said in the Kur [lxv. 6], وَأْتَمِرُوا بَيْنَكُمْ بِمَعْرُوفٍ And command ye, or enjoin ye, one another to do good: [such is app. the meaning,] but God best knoweth: (T:) or, accord. to KT, purpose ye among yourselves to do good. (TA.) And in the same [xxviii. 19], إِنَّ الْمَلَأَ يَأْتَمِرُونَ بِكَ لِيَقْتُلوُكَ, meaning Verily the chiefs command one another respecting thee, to slay thee: (Zj, T:) or consult together against thee, to slay thee: (AO, T:) or purpose against thee, to slay thee: (KT, T:) but the last but one of these explanations is better than the last. (T.) b5: See also 3. b6: Accord. to El-Bushtee, ائتمرهُ also signifies He gave him permission: but this has not been heard from an Arab. (Az, TA.) 10 إِسْتَاْمَرَ see 3, in two places.

أَمْرٌ A command; an order; a bidding; an injunction; a decree; an ordinance; a prescript: (S, * Msb, * TA, &c.:) pl. أَوَامِرُ: (S, Msb, &c.:) so accord. to common usage; and some writers of authority justify and explain it by saying that أَمْرٌ is [originally] مَأْمُوُرٌ بِهِ; that it is then changed to the measure فَاعِلٌ; [i. e., to آمِرٌ;] like أَمْرٌ عَارِفٌ, which is originally مَعْرُوفٌ; and عِيشَةٌ راضِيَةٌ, originally مَرْضِيَّةٌ; &c.; [and then, to أَمْرٌ;] and that فَاعِلٌ becomes in the pl. فَوَاعِلُ; so that أَوَامَرُ is the pl. of مَإْمُورٌ: others say that it has this form of pl. to distinguish it from أَمْرٌ in the sense of حَالٌ [&c.], in which sense it has for its pl. أُمُورٌ. (Msb, TA.) [But I think that أَوَامِرُ may be properly and originally pl. of آمِرَةٌ, for آيَةٌ آمِرَةٌ, or the like. MF says that, accord. to the T and M, the pl. of أَمْرٌ in the sense explained in the beginning of this paragraph is أُمُورٌ: but he seems to have founded his assertion upon corrupted copies of those works; for in the M, I find nothing on this point; and in the T, not, as he says, الأَمْرُضِدُّ النَّهْىَ وَاحِدُ الأُمُور, but قَالَ اللَّيْثُ الأَمْرُ مَعْرُوفٌ نَقِيضُ النَّهْىِ وَاحِدُ الأُمُورِ, evidently meaning that أَمْرٌ signifies the contr. of نَهْىٌ, and is also, in another sense, the sing. of أُمُورٌ.] [Hence,] أُولُو الأَمْرِ Those who hold command or rule, and the learned men. (M, K. [See Kur iv. 62.]) and أَمْرُاللّٰهِ The threatened punishment of God: so in the Kur x. 25, and xi. 42, and xvi.1; in which last place occur the words, أَتَي أَمْرُ اللّٰهِ فَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلُوهُ, meaning The threatened punishment ordained of God hath, as it were, come: so near is it, that it is as though it had already come: therefore desire not ye to hasten it. (Zj, M, TA.) And The purpose of God. (Bd and Jel in lxv. 3; &c.) and الأَمْرُ قَرِيبٌ The resurrection, or the time thereof, is near. (Mgh, from a trad.) And مَا فَعَلْتُهُ عَنْ

أَمْرِى, in the Kur xviii. 81, I did it not of my own judgment: (Bd:) or, of my own choice. (Jel.) [Hence also الأَمْرُ, in grammar, signifies The imperative form of a verb.] b2: Also A thing; an affair; a business; a matter; a concern: a state, of a person or thing, or of persons or things or affairs or circumstances; a condition; a case: an accident; an event: an action: syn. شَأْنٌ: (M, F, TA:) and حَالٌ, (Msb, TA,) and حَالَةٌ: (Msb:) and حَادِثَةٌ: (K:) and فِعْلٌ: (MF, TA:) and a thing that is said; a saying: ( TA voce أُولُو, at the end of art. ال:) pl. أُمُورٌ; (S, M, K, &c.;) its only pl. in the senses here explained. (TA.) You say, أَمْرُ فُلَانٍ مُسْتَقِيمٌ [The affair, or the like, of such a one is in a right state]: and امُورُهُ مُسْتَقِيمَةٌ [His affairs are in a right state]. (S, A.) And شَتَّتَ أَمْرَهُ He dissipated, disorganized, disordered, unsettled, or broke up, his state of things, or affairs. (As, TA in art. شعب.) [امر seems to be here used, as in many other instances, rather in the sense of the pl. than in that of the sing.] b3: أَمْرٌ كُلِّىٌّ [A universal, or general, prescript, rule, or canon]. (Msb voce قَاعِدَةٌ, KT voce قَانُونٌ, &c.) إِمْرٌ a subst. from أَمِرَالِأَمْرُ in the sense of اِشْتَدَّ; (S;) or a subst. from أَمِرَ as signifying كَثُرَ and تَمَّ; (M;) (assumed tropical:) [A severe, a distressful, a grievous, or an afflictive, thing: or] a terrible, and foul, or very foul, thing: or a wonderful thing. (TA,) Hence, [used as an epithet, like أَمِرٌ, q. v.,] in the Kur [xviii. 70], لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا إِمْرًا (assumed tropical:) Verily thou hast done a severe, a distressful, a grievous, or an afflictive, thing: (S:) or a terrible, and foul, or very foul, thing: (TA:) or a wonderful thing: (S:) or an abominable, a foul, or an evil, and a wonderful, thing: (Ks, M, K: *) or a terrible and an abominable thing; signifying more than نَكْرًا, [which occurs after, in verse 73,] inasmuch as the [presumed] drowning of the persons in the ship was more abominable than the slaying of one person: (Zj, T:) or a crafty, and an abominable, or a foul, or an evil, and a wonderful, thing; and derived from أَمِرَ القَوْمُ as meaning كَثُرُوا. (Ks.) أَمَرٌ a coll. gen. n. of which أَمَرَةٌ (q. v.) is the n. un.

A2: See also تَأْمُورٌ.

أَمِرٌ: see إِمَّرٌ.

A2: (assumed tropical:) Multiplied; or become many, or much, or abundant. (M, K.) [See أَمِرَ.] Yousay زَرْعٌ أَمِرٌ (assumed tropical:) Abundant seed-produce. (Lh, M.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A man whose beasts have multiplied, or become many or abundant. (M.) (assumed tropical:) A man blessed, or prospered, (Ibn-Buzurj, M, K, *) in his property: (M:) fem. with ة. (Ibn-Buzurj.) and with ة, (assumed tropical:) A woman blessed to her husband [ by her being prolific]: from the signification of كَثْرَةٌ. (M.) A3: (assumed tropical:) Severe; distressful; afflictive. (TA.) [See also إِمْرٌ.]

أَمْرَةٌ A single command, order, bidding, or injunction: as in the saying, لَكَ عَلَىَّ أَمْرَةٌ مُطَاعَةٌ Thou hast authority to give me one command, order, bidding, or injunction, which shall be obeyed by me. (S, M, * A, Msb, K.) You should not say, [in this sense,] إِمْرَةٌ, with kesr. (T, S.) A2: See also إِمْرَةٌ.

إِمْرَةٌ a subst. from أَمَرَ [q. v.]; Possession of command; the office, and authority, of a commander, governor, lord, prince, or king; (M, * Msb, K;) as also ↓ إِمَارَةٌ (Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ أَمَارَةٌ; (L, K;) but this last is by some disallowed, and is said in the Fs and its Expositions to be unknown. (MF.) It is said in a trad., لَعَلَّكَ سآءَ تْكَ إِمْرَةُ ابْنِ عَمِّكَ Perhaps thy paternal uncle's son's possession of command hath displeased thee. (TA.) b2: [And hence, (assumed tropical:) Increase, or abundance, or the like; as also other forms mentioned in what follows.] You say, فِى وَجْهِ مَالِكَ تَعْرِفُ إِمْرَتَهُ (assumed tropical:) In the face of thy property, [meaning such as consists in camels or the like, and also money,] thou knowest its increase and abundance, and its expense: (S:) or ↓ إِمَّرَتَهُ, and ↓ إِمّرَتَهُ, which latter is a dial. var. of weak authority, and ↓ أَمَّرَتَهُ, i. e., its increase and abundance: (M:) or ↓ إِمَّرَتَهُ as meaning its prosperous state; as also ↓ أَمَارَتَهُ, and ↓ أَمْرَتَهُ: (Ibn-Buzurj:) accord. to AHeyth, who reads ↓ تُعْرَفُ إِمَّرَتُهُ, the meaning is, its decrease; but the correct meaning is, its increase, as Fr explains it. (T, TA.) It is said respecting anything of which one knows what is good in it at first sight: (Lh, M:) and means, on a thing's presenting itself, thou knowest its goodness. (T.) One says also, ↓ مأَحْسَنَ أَمَارَتَهُمْ (assumed tropical:) How good is their multiplying, and the multiplying of their offspring and of their number! (M.) And ↓ لَا جَعَلَ اللّٰهُ فِيهِ إِمَّرَةً (assumed tropical:) May God not make an increase to be therein. (T.) أَمَرَةٌ Stones: (K:) [or a heap of stones:] or it is the n. un. of أَمَرٌ, which signifies stones: (M:) or the latter signifies stones set up in order that one may be directed thereby to the right way: (Ham p. 409:) and the former also signifies a hill; (M, K;) and أَمَرٌ is [used as] its pl.: (M:) and a sign, or mark, by which anything is known; (M, K;) as also ↓ أَمَارٌ and ↓ أَمَارَةٌ; (As, S;) and أَمَرٌ is [used as] its pl. in this sense also: (M:) or a sign, or mark, set up to show the way; (AA, Fr;) as also ↓ أَمَارٌ and ↓ أَمَارَهٌ: (K:) or a small sign, or mark, of stones, to show the way, in a waterless desert; (S;) as also ↓ أَمَارٌ [and ↓ أَمَارَةٌ]; and any sign, or mark, that is prepared: (TA:) or a structure like a مَنَارَة [here app. meaning a tower of a mosque], upon a mountain, wide like a house or tent, and larger, of the height of forty times the stature of a man, made in the time of 'Ád and Irem; in some instances its foundation being like a house, though it consists only of stones piled up, one upon another, cemented together with mud, appearing as though it were of natural formation: (ISh, T:) the pl. (in all the senses above, K) [or rather the coll. gen. n.,] is أَمَرٌ. (S, K.) A2: See also إِمْرَةٌ.

أَمَارٌ and ↓ أَمَارَةٌ A sign, mark, or token. (As, S Mgh.) See also each voce أَمَرَةٌ, in three places. You say, هِى أَمَارَةُ مَا بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَكَ It is a sign, or token, of what is between me and thee. (T, * TA.) And a poet says, إِذَا طَلَعَتْ شَمْسُ النَّهَارِ فَإِنَّهَا

أَمَارَةُ تَسْلِيمِى عَلَيْكِ فَسَلِّمِى

[When the sun of day rises, it is a sign of my saluting thee, therefore do thou salute]. (TA.) b2: Also A time: (As, S, K:) so IAar explains the latter word, not particularizing the time as definite or otherwise: (M:) or a definite time: (TA:) or a time, or place, of promise or appointment; an appointed time or place; syn. مَوْعِدٌ: (M, Mgh, K:) or, accord. to some, the former word is pl. [or rather col. gen. n.] of the latter. (TA.) El-'Ajjáj says, إِذْ رَدَّهَا بِكَيْدِهِ فَارْتَدَّتِ

إِلَي أَمَارٍ وَأَمَارِ مُدَّتِى

When He (meaning God) brings it, ( namely my soul,) by his skilful ordering, and his power, [and it is thus brought, or it thus comes, to a set time, and] to the time of the end of my appointed period: امارمدّتى being as above; the former word being prefixed to the latter, governing it in the gen. case. (IB. [In the S we find وَأَمَارٌ مُدَّتِى.]) أَمُورٌ [an intensive epithet from أَمَرَهُ]. You say, إِنَّهُ لَأَمُورٌ بِالْمَعْروفِ وَنَهُوٌّ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ Verily he is one who strongly commands, or enjoins, good conduct, and who strongly forbids evil conduct. (S in art. نهى, and A. *) أَمِيرٌ One having, holding, or possessing, command; (S;) a commander; a governor; a lord; (M, * Msb;) a prince, or king: (M, K:) fem. with ة: (S, K:) pl. إُمَرَآءُ. (M, Msb, K.) b2: A leader of the blind. (M, K.) So in the saying of El-Aashà: إِذَاكَانَ هَادِى الفَتَى فِى البِلَا دِصَدْرَ القَنَاةِ أَطَاعَ الأَمِيرَا [When the young man's guide in the countries, or lands, or the like, is the top of the cane, he obeys the leader of the blind]. (M.) b3: A woman's husband. (A.) b4: A neighbour. (K.) b5: A person with whom one consults: (A, K:) any one of whom one begs counsel, or advice, in a case of fear. (TA.) You say, هُوَ أَمِيرِى He is the person with whom I consult. (A.) أَمَارَةٌ: see إِمْرَةٌ, in three places: b2: and see also أَمَرَةٌ, in three places; and أَمَارٌ.

إِمَارَةِ: see إِمْرَةٌ. b2: الإِمَارَةُ is also used for صَاحِبُ الإمَارَةِ, i. e. الأَمِيرُ. (Mgh.) أَمَّرٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

إِمَّرٌ A man who consults every one respecting his case; as also ↓ أَمِرٌ and ↓ أَمَّارَةٌ: (M:) or a man resembling [in stupidity] a kid: [see the latter part of this paragraph:] (Th, M:) or, as also ↓ إِمَّرَةٌ (S, M, K, &c.) and ↓ أَمَّرٌ and ↓ أَمَّرَةٌ, (K,) a man having weak judgment, (S, K,) stupid, (T, M,) or weak, without judgment, (M, L,) or without intellect, or intelligence, (T,) who obeys the command of every one, (T, S,) who complies with what every one desires to do in all his affairs; (K;) a stupid man, of weak judgment, who says to another, Command me to execute thine affair. (IAth.) It is said in a trad., مَنْ يُطِعْ إِمَّرَةً لَا يَأْكُلْ ثَمَرَةً [He who obeys a stupid man, &c., shall not eat fruit: or the meaning is] he who obeys a stupid woman shall be debarred from good. (IAth.) ↓ إِمَّرَةٌ is applied to a woman and to a man: when it is applied to a man, the ة is added to give intensiveness to the signification. (ISh.) The following saying, إِذَا طَلَعَتِ الشِّعْرَى

وَلَا إِمَّرًا, ↓ سَفَرًا فَلَا تُرْسِلْ فِيهَا إِمَّرَةً, in rhyming prose, means [When Sirius rises in the clear twilight,] send not thou among them (meaning the camels) a man without intelligence [in a great degree, nor one who is so in a less degree; or a woman without intelligence, nor a man without intelligence;] to manage them. (Sh.) b2: Also, (M, K,) and ↓ إِمَّرَةٌ and ↓ أَمَّرَ and ↓ أُمَّرٌ, (K,) A young lamb: (M, K:) or the first (إِمَرٌ) and the second, a young kid: (M, TA:) or the former of these two, a male lamb: (M, TA:) or a young male lamb: (S:) and the latter of them, a female lamb: (M, TA:) or a young female lamb. (S, M.) One says, ↓ مَا لَهُ إِمَّرٌ وَلَا إِمَّرَةٌ, meaning He has not a male lamb nor a female lamb: (M, TA:) or he has not anything. (T, S, M.) أَمَّرَةٌ: see إِمَّرٌ, in two places.

إِمَّرَةٌ: see إِمَّرٌ, in six places: A2: and see إِمْرَةٌ, in four places.

إِمّرَةٌ: see إِمْرَةٌ.

أَمَّارٌ [Wont to command]. [Hence,] النَّفْسُ الأَمَّارَةُ [The soul that is wont to command]; (A;) the soul that inclines to the nature of the body, that commands to the indulgence of pleasures and sensual appetites, drawing the heart downwards, so that it is the abode of evils, and the source of culpable dispositions. (KT.) [See نَفْسٌ.]

أَمَّارَةٌ fem. of أَمَّارٌ [q. v.]. b2: See also إِمَّرٌ.

آمِرٌ [act. part. n. of أَمَرَهُ.] b2: آمِرٌ and ↓ مُؤْتَمِرٌ Two days, (S,) the last, (K,) the former being the sixth, and the latter the seventh, (M,) of the days called أَيَّامُ الَجُوزِ: (S, M, K: [but see عَجُوزٌ:]) as though the former commanded men to be cautious, and the latter consulted them as to whether they should set forth on a journey or stay at home: (S:) accord. to Az, the latter is applied as an epithet to the day as meaning يُؤْتَمَرُفِيهِ. (TA.) تَأْمُرِىُّ: see تَأْمُورٌ, in two places.

تُؤْمُرِىٌّ, and without ء: see تَأْمُورٌ, in six places.

تَأْمُورٌ and ↓ تَأْمُورَةٌ are properly mentioned in this art.; the measure of the former being تَفْعُولٌ; (K;) and that of the latter, تَفْعْلولَةٌ: (TA:) not as J has imagined; [who writes them without ء, and mentions them in art. تمر;] (K;) their measures accord. to him being فَاعُولٌ and فَاعُولَةٌ. (TA.) [But in all the senses here explained, they appear to be with and without ء.] b2: The former signifies The soul: (S in art. تمر, where it is written without ء; and M, A, K:) because it is that which is wont to command. (A.) One says, قَدْ عَلِمَ تَأْمُورُكَ ذلِكَ Thy soul, or self, hath known that. (Az, and T in art. تمر.) b3: The intellect: (M:) as in the saying, عَرَفْتُهُ بِتَأْمُورِي I knew it by my intellect. (M in art. تمر, without ء; and TA.) You say also, هُوَ ابْنُ تَأْمُورِهَا, meaning He is the knowing with respect to it. (TA in art. بني.) b4: The heart, (T in art. تمر without ء, and M, A, K,) itself. (M, TA.) Hence the saying, حَرْفٌ فِى تَأْمُورِى خَيْرٌ مِنْ عَشَرَةٍ فى وِ عَائِكَ [One word in my heart is better than ten in thy receptacle]. (T in art. تمر, and TA.) b5: The pericardium. (M in art. تمر, without ء.) b6: The core, or black or inner part, or clot of blood, (حَبَّة, M, K, or عَلَقَة, TA,) and life, and blood, of the heart: (M, K:) or blood, (As, S, M, in art. تمر, and K,) absolutely: (TA:) and تَأْمُورُ النَّفْسِ signifies the life-blood: (As, S:) or the blood of the body: (S in art. نفس:) and the life of the soul. (M, K.) b7: Also, as being likened to blood, (TA,) (tropical:) Wine; and so ↓ تَأْمُورَةٌ: (M, K:) and b8: (tropical:) A dye: (M, TA:) and b9: (tropical:) Saffron. (As, K.) b10: [Hence also,] (tropical:) Water. (M, K.) You say, مَا فىِ الرَّكِيَّةِ تَامُورٌ, (T, S in art. تمر, and M,) or تَأْمُورٌ, (A,) (tropical:) There is not in the well any water. (T, S, M, A.) A2: The wezeer (وَزِير) of a king: (M, K:) because his command is effectual. (TA.) A3: Any one: as in the saying, مَابِهَا تَأْمُورٌ, (T in art. تمر, A, K,) as also ↓ تُؤْمُورٌ, (T in art. تمر, and K,) each with an augmentative ت, and without ء as well as with it, accord. to Er-Radee and others, (TA,) and ↓ تَأْمُرِىُّ, and ↓ تَأْمُورِىُّ, (M,) and ↓ تُؤْمُرِىُّ, (T in art. تمر, M, TA,) or without ء, (S, M, K, in art. تمر,) and ↓ أَمَرٌ, (M, K,) There is not in it (i. e. in the house, الدار, M, A, TA) any one. (M, A, K, and T and S in art. تمر.) You say also, خَلَآءٌ بِلَادٌ

↓ لَيْسَ فِيهَاتُومُرِىٌّ Vacant regions wherein is not any one. (S in art. تمر.) ↓ تُؤْمُرِىٌّ (M, K) and ↓ تُومُرِىٌّ (S in art. تمر) and ↓ تَأْمُورِىٌّ and ↓ تَأْمُرِيٌّ (M, K) also signify A man, or human being. (S, * M, K.) You say, speaking of a beautiful woman, أَحْسَنَ مِنْهَا ↓ مَا رَأَيْتُ تُومُرِيَّا I have not seen a human being, or creature, more beautiful than she: (S and M in art. تمر:) and مَا رَأَيْتُ

أَحْسَنَ مِنْهُ ↓ تُومُرِيَّا [I have not seen a man more beautiful than he]. (T and S in art. تمر.) Accord. to some, they are used only in negative phrases; but accord. to others, they are also used in such as are affirmative. (MF.) b2: Also Anything: as in the saying أَكَلَ الذِّئْبُ الشَّاةَ فَمَا تَرَكَ مِنْهَا تَامُورًا [The wolf ate the sheep, or goat, and left not of it anything]. (T and S in art. تمر.) A4: A child, young one, or fœtus syn. وَلَدٌ. (M, K.) A5: The receptacle (وِعَآء) of the child, young one, or fœtus. (M in art. تمر, without ء; and K.) b2: A وِعَآء [in the ordinary sense; i. e. a bag, or receptacle, for travelling-provisions and for goods or utensils &c.]. (M, K.) Hence the saying, أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِتَأْمُورِكَ Thou art best acquainted with what thou hast with thee; and with thine own mind. (M.) b3: Also, (K,) and ↓ تَأْمُورَةٌ, (M, [in which the former is not given in the following senses,] and K,) or ↓ تَامُورَةٌ, (S in art. تمر,) A ewer, syn. إِبْرِيقٌ, (S, M, K,) for wine: (S:) and, (M, K,) or, as some say, (TA,) a حُقَّة (M, K, TA) in which wine is put. (TA.) b4: Also the first, (M, K,) or ↓ third, (T and S in art. تمر,) The chamber, or cell, (صَوْمَعَة, T and M in art. تمر, without ء, and S and K, and نامُوى, M, K,) of a monk. (M, K.) b5: And hence, (TA,) the first, (K,) and ↓ second, (M, K,) or ↓ third, of these three words, (T and S, in art. تمر,) (tropical:) The covert, or retreat, of a lion. (T, S, M, K.) Whence, ↓ فُلَانٌ أَسَدٌ فِى تَامُورَتِهِ (tropical:) Such a one is a lion in his covert: (T and S in art. تمر:) a saying borrowed from 'Amr Ibn-Maadee-Kerib: (T and S ibid:) or, accord. to some, it means, a lion in the greatness of his courage, and in his heart. (TA.) A6: Also (i. e. the first only) Play, or sport, of girls or of boys. (Th, M in art. تمر without ء, and K.) A7: See also يَأْمُورٌ.

تُؤْمُورٌ A sign, or mark, set up to show the way in a waterless desert; (K, TA;) consisting of stones piled up, one upon another: (TA:) pl. تَآمِيرُ. (K.) [See أَمَرَةٌ.]

A2: See also تَأْمُورٌ.

تَأْمُورَةٌ, and without ء: see تَأْمُورٌ, in eight places. b2: Also The pericardium; the integument (غِلَاف) of the heart. (S in art. تمر: there written without ء.) تَأْمُورِىٌّ: see تَأْمُورٌ, in two places.

مِئْمَرٌ Counsel; advice: as in the saying, فُلَانٌ بَعِيدٌ مِنَ المِئْمَرِ قَرِيبٌ مِنَ المِئْبَرِ Such a one is far from counsel, or advice: near to calumny, or slander. (A.) مُؤَمَّرٌ Made, or appointed, commander, governor, lord, prince, or king: (S, M, K: *) made to have authority, power, or dominion: (T, M, K:) in which latter sense it is explained by Khálid, as applied by Ibn-Mukbil to a spear. (T.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A cane, or spear-shaft, having a spearhead affixed to it. (K.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A spear-head (T, TA) sharpened; syn. مُحَدَّدٌ. (T, M, K, TA.) b4: Distinguished, or defined, (مُحَدَّدٌ,) by signs, or marks: (TA:) or, as some say, (TA,) marked with a hot iron; syn. مُوْسُومٌ. (K, TA.) مَأْمُورٌ [pass. part. n. of أَمَرَهُ, q. v.]. b2: It is said in a trad., (S, &c.,) خَيْرُ المَالِ مُهْرَةٌ مَأْمُورَةٌ وَسِكَّةٌ مَأْبُورَةٌ (tropical:) The best of property are a prolific filly [and a row of palm-trees, or perhaps a tall palmtree, fecundated]; (Az, A 'Obeyd, T, S, A, K;) as though the filly were commanded [by God] to be so: (A, in which the epithet مأمورة thus used is said to be tropical:) [or] مأمورة is thus for the sake of conformity to مأبورة, and is originally مُؤْمَرَةٌ, (S, M, * K,) from آمَرَهَا اللّٰهُ: (TA:) or it is a dial. var. of weak authority; (K;) though, accord. to Az, it signifies made to have abundant offspring, from أَمَرَ اللّٰهُ المُهْرَةَ, meaning “God made the filly to have abundant offspring,” a dial. var. of آمَرَهَا, as A 'Obeyd also asserts it to be. (TA.) مَآمِرُ and مَآمِيرُ: see what next follows.

مُؤْتَمِرٌ [Obeying, or conforming to, a command; &c.: see 8. b2: ] One who acts according to his own opinion; (T;) who follows his own opinion only: or who hastes to speak. (M.) A2: See also آمِرٌ. b2: Also, and المُؤْتَمِرُ, [The month which is now commonly called] المُحَرَّمُ: (M, K:) the former appellation (مؤتمر) is that by which the tribe of 'Ád called it: (Ibn-El-Kelbee:) pl. ↓ مَآمِرُ and مَآمِيرُ [both anomalous]. (M, K.) [See شَهْرٌ.]

يَأْمُورٌ; (M, K;) so in all the copies of the K but in the L and other lexicons, ↓ تَأْمُورٌ; (TA;) A certain beast of the sea: or, as some say, a small beast: (M:) and a kind of mountain-goat: (M, K:) or a certain wild beast, (K, TA,) or a beast resembling the mountain-goat, (M,) having a single branching horn in the middle of his head. (M, TA.) [See يَحْمُورٌ, the oryx.]

(ك ف ر) : (الْكَفْرُ) فِي الْأَصْلِ السَّتْرُ يُقَالُ كَفَرَهُ وَكَفَّرَهُ إذَا سَتَرَهُ (وَمِنْهُ) الْحَدِيثُ فِي ذِكْرِ الْجِهَادِ هَلْ ذَلِكَ مُكَفِّرٌ عَنْهُ خَطَايَاهُ يَعْنِي هَلْ يُكَفِّرُ الْقَتْلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ذُنُوبَهُ فَقَالَ «نَعَمْ إلَّا الدَّيْنَ» أَيْ إلَّا ذَنْبَ الدَّيْنِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا بُدَّ مِنْ قَضَائِهِ وَالْكَفَّارَةِ مِنْهُ لِأَنَّهَا تُكَفِّرُ الذَّنْبَ (وَمِنْهَا) كَفَّرَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَأَمَّا كَفَّرَ يَمِينَهُ فَعَامِّيٌّ (وَالْكَافُورُ) و (الْكُفَرَّى) بِضَمِّ الْكَافِ وَفَتْحِ الْفَاءِ وَتَشْدِيدِ الرَّاءِ كِمُّ النَّخْلِ لِأَنَّهُ يَسْتُرُ مَا فِي جَوْفِهِ (وَالْكُفْرُ) اسْمٌ شَرْعِيٌّ وَمَأْخَذُهُ مِنْ هَذَا أَيْضًا (وَأَكْفَرَهُ) دَعَاهُ كَافِرًا (وَمِنْهُ) لَا تُكَفِّرْ أَهْلَ قِبْلَتِكَ وَأَمَّا لَا تُكَفِّرُوا أَهْلَ قِبْلَتِكُمْ فَغَيْرُ ثَبَتٍ رِوَايَةً وَإِنْ كَانَ جَائِزًا لُغَةً قَالَ الْكُمَيْتُ يُخَاطِبُ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَكَانَ شِيعِيًّا
وَطَائِفَةٌ قَدْ أَكْفَرُونِي بِحُبِّكُمْ ... وَطَائِفَةٌ قَالُوا مُسِيءٌ وَمُذْنِبُ
وَيُقَالُ أَكْفَرَ فُلَانًا صَاحِبُهُ إذَا أَلْجَأَهُ بِسُوءِ الْمُعَامَلَةِ إلَى الْعِصْيَانِ بَعْدَ الطَّاعَةِ (وَمِنْهُ) حَدِيثُ عُمَرَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - وَلَا تَمْنَعُوهُمْ حُقُوقَهُمْ فَتُكَفِّرُوهُمْ يُرِيدُ فَتُوقِعُوهُمْ فِي الْكُفْرِ لِأَنَّهُمْ رُبَّمَا ارْتَدُّوا عَنْ الْــإِسْلَامِ إذَا مُنِعُوا الْحَقَّ (وَكَافَرَنِي) حَقِّي جَحَدَهُ (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْلُ عَامِرٍ إذَا أَقَرَّ عِنْدَ الْقَاضِي بِشَيْءٍ ثُمَّ كَافَرَ (وَأَمَّا) قَوْلُ مُحَمَّدٍ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - رَجُلٌ لَهُ عَلَى آخَرَ دَيْنٌ فَكَافَرَهُ بِهِ سِنِينَ فَكَأَنَّهُ ضَمَّنَهُ مَعْنَى الْمُمَاطَلَةِ فَعَدَّاهُ تَعْدِيَتَهُ (وَقَوْلُهُ) - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - «إذَا أَصْبَحَ ابْنُ آدَمَ كَفَّرَتْ جَمِيعُ أَعْضَائِهِ لِلْقَلْبِ» فَالصَّوَابُ اللِّسَانُ أَيْ تَوَاضَعَتْ مِنْ تَكْفِيرِ الذِّمِّيِّ وَالْعِلْجِ لِلْمَلِكِ وَهُوَ أَنْ يُطَأْطِئَ رَأْسَهُ وَيَنْحَنِيَ وَاضِعًا يَدَهُ عَلَى صَدْرِهِ تَعْظِيمًا لَهُ وَلَفْظُ الْحَدِيثِ لِأَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ مَوْقُوفًا كَمَا قَرَأْتُهُ فِي الْفَائِقِ «إذَا أَصْبَحَ ابْن آدَمَ فَإِنَّ الْأَعْضَاءَ كُلَّهَا تُكَفِّرُ لِلِّسَانِ» الْحَدِيثَ (وَالْكَفْرُ) الْقَرْيَةُ (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْلُ مُعَاوِيَةَ أَهْلُ الْكُفُورِ هُمْ أَهْلُ الْقُبُورِ وَالْمَعْنَى أَنَّ سُكَّانَ الْقُرَى بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمَوْتَى لَا يُشَاهِدُونَ الْأَمْصَارَ وَالْجُمَعَ (وَلَا نَكْفُرُكَ) فِي (ق ن) .

كفر: لا يقال درعه فحسب بل كفر على درعه (حيان 55).
كفر: ارتد، خرج (من دينه)، انسحب (من حزبه) (بوشر).
كفر: أرغى، وأزبد، تذمر بشدة، جدّف (بوشر).
كفّر: انظر عند (فوك) في مادة discredere: حمله على الكفر (محيط المحيط، معجم التنبيه، والكامل 127، 4، 562، 611، 12 وعبد الواحد 124، 1 وهلال 41 وباين سميث 1799).
كفّر يمينه: عامبية وفصيحها كفّر عن يمينه (انظر الهامش المتقدم أي 252) (معجم الجغرافيا).
كفّر: كفّرتني: جعلتني أكفر (بوشر).
أكفر: أكفر فلاناً جعله كافراً (عباد 1، 255). (انظر الهامش السابق).
تكفّر: انظرها عند (فوك) في مادة Satisfacere.
كَفْر عامية كَفَر: القرية والعامة تفتح الفاء أيضاً (محيط المحيط). (وفي وصف مصر 72:12): القرية تتألف من كفور متعددة.
كفر اليهودي= قفر: قار، إسفلت (معجم الأسبانية 32).
كُفر. الكفر= بلاد الكفر (المقري 1، 92).
كفّر؟ انظر مكفّر.
كفّر يهودي: قار، إسفلت (الكالا).
كفرة: (سريانية) جفنة تصنع من قماش مشبك يحيط أغصان النخيل بعد أن يطلى بالقار (بار علي 4814، باين سميث 1802).
كُفّارة: (سريانية: كوفارة): منشفة، منديل (بار علي 4656، باين سميث 1799).
كَفّارة: توبة، ندم، عقوبة يفرضها الكاهن مقابل الإثم (بوشر).
كافر: مرتد، جاحد، مارق (بوشر).
كافر: جمعها كفرا: مراءٍ، لئيم، متظاهر بالتقوى (بوشر).
كافر: في نويبا يطلق هذا الاسم على الجُعل (الجعران) (بركهات نويبا23).
كافر: الدروع: ثوب يلبس على الزند (الزمخشري: الأساس).
كافور: في الشعر والإنشاء الرفيع يطلق الكافور على بياض. كقولهم كافور الصبح أو الصباح (بياض الفجر كالكافور) (عبد الواحد 80، 7 المقري 1، 445) مسك المداد وكافور القراطيس (المقري 3، 31).
كافور: عصفة الخمر، شميم الخمر، وعطرها (أنظر في مادة مزاج).
الكافور اليهودي: واسمه باللاتينية Laurus Camphora ( ابن البيطار 1، 509).
كافور الكعك: zedorir ( سانك). كافورة: camphree ( اسم نبات) (بوشر)؛ (أعتقد إنه النبات نفسه، أو ما يقرب منه، الذي يطلق عليه Camphorata Monspeliensis) هذا ما ورد في ترجمة (لين) لألف ليلة 641:3. انظر (باجني) أيضاً (ص197).
كافوري: بياض كالفور (المقري 439:2)؛ شمع كافوري: شمع أبيض (بوشر).
كافوري: نعت لنوع من أنواع المشمش والخوخ (معجم الجغرافيا).
كافوريّة: أقحوان (جمع أقاح): Parthenium ( ابن البيطار 1، 73) وهي عند (شيرب) و (رولاند) تسمى chrysantheme = أقحوان.
تكفير: جحود، ارتداد (هيلو).
تكفيري: استغفاري (بوشر).
مُكفّر: (الكلمة مكتوبة من دون حركة وغير مشكّلة) هي باللاتينية Edia؛ وقد قرأها (سكاليجر) بهذا الشكل إلا إنه أضاف إليها نجمة (علامة قطبية) مما يدل على إن معناها كان غامضاً لديه جعلها غامضة لدي أيضاً.
مُكفّر، مكفر اليمين: (أصبح في حل من يمينه) (الكالا).
( Suelto de Juramento) .
مُكفّر: مكوّن من (الكافور) (معجم المنصوري).
مُكفَّر: قصيدة لا تحتوي على غير الحكم والنصائح (الجريدة الآسيوية 2:1849، 249).
الكَفّر: (الجريدة الآسيوية 2:1839، 164) يبدو إنها من خطأ الطباعة.
المكَفّر: معناه بالأسبانية: معول صغير، مَغرس معزق (انظر معجم الأسبانية 167).
والكلمة، وفقاً لموريسك ألونزو دل كاستيلو هي بالعربية (المُكَفَّر) (سيمونيه).
مُكَوفر: كافور (بوشر) الشمع المكوفر (ألف ليلة، برسل2، 48 و10 98) (ماكني شمع الكافور).

كفر
الكُفْرُ في اللّغة: ستر الشيء، ووصف الليل بِالْكَافِرِ لستره الأشخاص، والزّرّاع لستره البذر في الأرض، وليس ذلك باسم لهما كما قال بعض أهل اللّغة لمّا سمع:
ألقت ذكاء يمينها في كافر
والْكَافُورُ: اسم أكمام الثّمرة التي تَكْفُرُهَا، قال الشاعر:
كالكرم إذ نادى من الكَافُورِ
وكُفْرُ النّعمة وكُفْرَانُهَا: سترها بترك أداء شكرها، قال تعالى: فَلا كُفْرانَ لِسَعْيِهِ [الأنبياء/ 94] . وأعظم الكُفْرِ: جحود الوحدانيّة أو الشريعة أو النّبوّة، والكُفْرَانُ في جحود النّعمة أكثر استعمالا، والكُفْرُ في الدّين أكثر، والكُفُورُ فيهما جميعا قال: فَأَبَى الظَّالِمُونَ إِلَّا كُفُوراً
[الإسراء/ 99] ، فَأَبى أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ إِلَّا كُفُوراً [الفرقان/ 50] ويقال منهما: كَفَرَ فهو كَافِرٌ. قال في الكفران: لِيَبْلُوَنِي أَأَشْكُرُ أَمْ أَكْفُرُ وَمَنْ شَكَرَ فَإِنَّما يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ رَبِّي غَنِيٌّ كَرِيمٌ [النمل/ 40] ، وقال: وَاشْكُرُوا لِي وَلا تَكْفُرُونِ
[البقرة/ 152] ، وقوله:
وَفَعَلْتَ فَعْلَتَكَ الَّتِي فَعَلْتَ وَأَنْتَ مِنَ الْكافِرِينَ
[الشعراء/ 19] أي: تحرّيت كفران نعمتي، وقال: لَئِنْ شَكَرْتُمْ لَأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ وَلَئِنْ كَفَرْتُمْ إِنَّ عَذابِي لَشَدِيدٌ
[إبراهيم/ 7] ولمّا كان الكفران يقتضي جحود النّعمة صار يستعمل في الجحود، قال: وَلا تَكُونُوا أَوَّلَ كافِرٍ بِهِ
[البقرة/ 41] أي: جاحد له وساتر، والكَافِرُ على الإطلاق متعارف فيمن يجحد الوحدانيّة، أو النّبوّة، أو الشريعة، أو ثلاثتها، وقد يقال: كَفَرَ لمن أخلّ بالشّريعة، وترك ما لزمه من شكر الله عليه. قال: مَنْ كَفَرَ فَعَلَيْهِ كُفْرُهُ
[الروم/ 44] يدلّ على ذلك مقابلته بقوله: وَمَنْ عَمِلَ صالِحاً فَلِأَنْفُسِهِمْ يَمْهَدُونَ [الروم/ 44] ، وقال: وَأَكْثَرُهُمُ الْكافِرُونَ [النحل/ 83] ، وقوله: وَلا تَكُونُوا أَوَّلَ كافِرٍ بِهِ [البقرة/ 41] أي: لا تكونوا أئمّة في الكفر فيقتدى بكم، وقوله: وَمَنْ كَفَرَ بَعْدَ ذلِكَ فَأُولئِكَ هُمُ الْفاسِقُونَ [النور/ 55] عني بالكافر السّاتر للحقّ، فلذلك جعله فاسقا، ومعلوم أنّ الكفر المطلق هو أعمّ من الفسق، ومعناه: من جحد حقّ الله فقد فسق عن أمر ربّه بظلمه. ولمّا جعل كلّ فعل محمود من الإيمان جعل كلّ فعل مذموم من الكفر، وقال في السّحر: وَما كَفَرَ سُلَيْمانُ وَلكِنَّ الشَّياطِينَ كَفَرُوا يُعَلِّمُونَ النَّاسَ السِّحْرَ [البقرة/ 102] وقوله: الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبا، إلى قوله: كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ أَثِيمٍ
[البقرة/ 275- 276] وقال: وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ إلى قوله: وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعالَمِينَ [آل عمران/ 97] والكَفُورُ: المبالغ في كفران النعمة، وقوله:
إِنَّ الْإِنْسانَ لَكَفُورٌ
[الزخرف/ 15] ، وقال:
ذلِكَ جَزَيْناهُمْ بِما كَفَرُوا وَهَلْ نُجازِي إِلَّا الْكَفُورَ
[سبأ/ 17] إن قيل: كيف وصف الإنسان هاهنا بالكفور، ولم يرض بذلك حتى أدخل عليه إنّ، واللّام، وكلّ ذلك تأكيد، وقال في موضع وَكَرَّهَ إِلَيْكُمُ الْكُفْرَ [الحجرات/ 7] ، فقوله: إِنَّ الْإِنْسانَ لَكَفُورٌ مُبِينٌ [الزخرف/ 15] تنبيه على ما ينطوي عليه الإنسان من كفران النّعمة، وقلّة ما يقوم بأداء الشّكر، وعلى هذا قوله: قُتِلَ الْإِنْسانُ ما أَكْفَرَهُ
[عبس/ 17] ولذلك قال: وَقَلِيلٌ مِنْ عِبادِيَ الشَّكُورُ [سبأ/ 13] ، وقوله: إِنَّا هَدَيْناهُ السَّبِيلَ إِمَّا شاكِراً وَإِمَّا كَفُوراً [الإنسان/ 3] تنبيه أنه عرّفه الطّريقين كما قال: وَهَدَيْناهُ النَّجْدَيْنِ [البلد/ 10] فمن سالك سبيل الشّكر، ومن سالك سبيل الكفر، وقوله: وَكانَ الشَّيْطانُ لِرَبِّهِ كَفُوراً [الإسراء/ 27] فمن الكفر، ونبّه بقوله: كانَ أنه لم يزل منذ وجد منطويا على الكفر. والْكَفَّارُ أبلغ من الكفور لقوله: كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ
[ق/ 24] وقال:
وَاللَّهُ لا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ أَثِيمٍ [البقرة/ 276] ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَهْدِي مَنْ هُوَ كاذِبٌ كَفَّارٌ [الزمر/ 3] ، إِلَّا فاجِراً كَفَّاراً [نوح/ 27] وقد أجري الكفّار مجرى الكفور في قوله: إِنَّ الْإِنْسانَ لَظَلُومٌ كَفَّارٌ [إبراهيم/ 34] . والكُفَّارُ في جمع الكافر المضادّ للإيمان أكثر استعمالا كقوله: أَشِدَّاءُ عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ
[الفتح/ 29] ، وقوله: لِيَغِيظَ بِهِمُ الْكُفَّارَ [الفتح/ 29] .
والكَفَرَةُ في جمع كافر النّعمة أشدّ استعمالا، وفي قوله: أُولئِكَ هُمُ الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ [عبس/ 42] ألا ترى أنه وصف الكفرة بالفجرة؟
والفجرة قد يقال للفسّاق من المسلمين. وقوله:
جَزاءً لِمَنْ كانَ كُفِرَ [القمر/ 14] أي: من الأنبياء ومن يجري مجراهم ممّن بذلوا النّصح في أمر الله فلم يقبل منهم. وقوله: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا
[النساء/ 137] قيل: عني بقوله إنهم آمنوا بموسى، ثمّ كفروا بمن بعده. والنصارى آمنوا بعيسى، ثمّ كفروا بمن بعده. وقيل: آمنوا بموسى ثم كفروا بموسى إذ لم يؤمنوا بغيره، وقيل: هو ما قال: وَقالَتْ طائِفَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتابِ آمِنُوا بِالَّذِي إلى قوله:
وَاكْفُرُوا آخِرَهُ
[آل عمران/ 72] ولم يرد أنّهم آمنوا مرّتين وكفروا مرّتين، بل ذلك إشارة إلى أحوال كثيرة. وقيل: كما يصعد الإنسان في الفضائل في ثلاث درجات ينعكس في الرّذائل في ثلاث درجات. والآية إشارة إلى ذلك، وقد بيّنته في كتاب «الذّريعة إلى مكارم الشّريعة» .
ويقال: كَفَرَ فلانٌ: إذا اعتقد الكفر، ويقال ذلك إذا أظهر الكفر وإن لم يعتقد، ولذلك قال:
مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمانِهِ إِلَّا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمانِ [النحل/ 106] ويقال: كَفَرَ فلان بالشّيطان: إذا كفر بسببه، وقد يقال ذلك إذا آمن وخالف الشّيطان، كقوله: فَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِالطَّاغُوتِ وَيُؤْمِنْ بِاللَّهِ
[البقرة/ 256] وأَكْفَرَهُ إِكْفَاراً: حكم بكفره، وقد يعبّر عن التّبرّي بالكفر نحو: ثُمَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيامَةِ يَكْفُرُ بَعْضُكُمْ بِبَعْضٍ
الآية [العنكبوت/ 25] ، وقوله تعالى: إِنِّي كَفَرْتُ بِما أَشْرَكْتُمُونِ مِنْ قَبْلُ [إبراهيم/ 22] ، وقوله: كَمَثَلِ غَيْثٍ أَعْجَبَ الْكُفَّارَ نَباتُهُ [الحديد/ 20] قيل: عنى بالكفّار الزّرّاع ، لأنّهم يغطّون البذر في التّراب ستر الكفّار حقّ الله تعالى بدلالة قوله: يُعْجِبُ الزُّرَّاعَ لِيَغِيظَ بِهِمُ الْكُفَّارَ [الفتح/ 29] ولأنّ الكافر لا اختصاص له بذلك. وقيل: بل عنى الكفار، وخصّهم بكونهم معجبين بالدّنيا وزخارفها وراكنين إليها.
والْكَفَّارَةُ: ما يغطّي الإثم، ومنه: كَفَّارَةُ اليمين نحو قوله: ذلِكَ كَفَّارَةُ أَيْمانِكُمْ إِذا حَلَفْتُمْ [المائدة/ 89] وكذلك كفّارة غيره من الآثام ككفارة القتل والظّهار. قال: فَكَفَّارَتُهُ إِطْعامُ عَشَرَةِ مَساكِينَ [المائدة/ 89] والتَّكْفِيرُ: ستره وتغطيته حتى يصير بمنزلة ما لم يعمل، ويصحّ أن يكون أصله إزالة الكفر والكفران، نحو:
التّمريض في كونه إزالة للمرض، وتقذية العين في إزالة القذى عنه، قال: وَلَوْ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْكِتابِ آمَنُوا وَاتَّقَوْا لَكَفَّرْنا عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئاتِهِمْ
[المائدة/ 65] ، نُكَفِّرْ عَنْكُمْ سَيِّئاتِكُمْ
[النساء/ 31] وإلى هذا المعنى أشار بقوله: إِنَّ الْحَسَناتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئاتِ [هود/ 114] وقيل: صغار الحسنات لا تكفّر كبار السّيّئات، وقال:
لَأُكَفِّرَنَّ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئاتِهِمْ [آل عمران/ 195] ، لِيُكَفِّرَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ أَسْوَأَ الَّذِي عَمِلُوا [الزمر/ 35] ويقال: كَفَرَتِ الشمس النّجومَ: سترتها، ويقال الْكَافِرُ للسّحاب الذي يغطّي الشمس والليل، قال الشاعر:
ألقت ذكاء يمينها في كافر
وتَكَفَّرَ في السّلاح. أي: تغطّى فيه، والْكَافُورُ: أكمام الثمرة. أي: التي تكفُرُ الثّمرةَ، قال الشاعر:
كالكرم إذ نادى من الكافور
والْكَافُورُ الذي هو من الطّيب. قال تعالى:
كانَ مِزاجُها كافُوراً
[الإنسان/ 5] .

كفر

1 كَفَرَ الشَّىْءَ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, &c,) aor. , in the sense first explained below كَفِرَ, (S, K, &c.;) [respecting which Fei observes,] ElFárábee, whom J follows, says that it is like يَضْرِبُ, but in a trustworthy copy of the T it is written كَفُرَ, and this is the proper form, because they say that كَفَرَ النِّعْمَةَ [of which the aor. is كَفُرَ] is borrowed from كَفَرَ الشَّىْءَ in the sense which is first explained below; (Msb;) and MF says, that the saying of J, following his maternal uncle Aboo-Nasr El-Fárábee, that the aor. of this verb is كَفِرَ, is doubtless a mistake; but to this, [says SM,] I reply, that it is correctly كَفِرَ, as J and F and other leading lexicologists have said; though the aor. of the verb of كُفْرٌ as meaning the contr. of إِيْمَانٌ is كَفُرَ; (TA;) [or, if this latter verb be taken from the former, the aor. of the former may have been originally كَفِرَ and كَفُرَ, and general usage may have afterwards applied the aor. ـِ to one signification, while the aor. ـُ has been applied by very few persons to that signification, but by all to the significations thence derived;] inf. n. كَفْرٌ; (S, Msb;) and ↓ كفّرهُ, (A, Mgh, K,) inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ; (TA;) He veiled, concealed, hid, or covered, the thing: (S, A, * Mgh, * Msb, K: *) or he covered the thing so as to destroy it: (Az, TA:) and كَفَرَ عَلَيْهِ, aor. [and inf. n.] as above, he covered it; covered it over. (K,) You say كَفَرَ البَذْرَ الْمَبْذُورَ CCC He covered the sown seed with earth. (TA.) And كَفَرَ السَّحَابُ السَّمَآءَ The clouds covered the sky. (A.) Lebeed says, فِى لَيْلَةٍ كَفَرَ النُّجُومَ غَمَامُهَا In a night whereof the clouds that covered the sky concealed the stars. (Msb.) You say also كَفَرَهُ اللَّيْلُ, and كَفَرَ عَلَيْهِ, The night covered it with its blackness. (TA.) And كَفَرَتِ الرِّيحُ الرَّسْمَ The wind covered the trace or mark [with dust.] (A.) And كَفَرَ فَوْقَ دِرْعِهِ He clad himself with a garment over his coat of mail. and دِرْعَهُ بِثَوْبٍ ↓ كَفَّرَ He covered his coat of mail with a garment. (TA.) And كَفَرَ مَتَاعَهُ He put his goods in a receptacle. (TA.) and كَفَرَ الْمَتَاعَ فِى الوِعَآءِ CCC He covered, or concealed, the goods in the receptacle. (A.) And ↓ كَفَّرَ نَفْسَهُ بِالسِّلَاحِ He covered himself with the arms. (A.) And كَفَرَ الجَهْلُ عَلَى عِلْمِ فُلَانٍ Ignorance covered over the knowledge of such a one. (TA.) وَكَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ, [thus, with damm as the vowel of the aor. ,] in the Kur, iii. 96, has been explained as signifying And wherefore do ye cover the familiarity and love in which ye were living? (TA.) b2: Hence, (Msb, TA,) كَفَرَ, (S,) and كَفَرَ النِّعْمَةَ, and بِالنِّعْمَةِ; (Msb;) and كَفَرَ نِعْمَةَ اللّٰهِ, and بِنِعْمَةِ اللّٰهِ; (K;) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. كُفْرَانٌ. (S, K,) which is the most common form in this case, (El-Basáïr,) and كُفُورٌ, (S, K,) and كُفْرٌ; (El-Basáïr;) He covered, or concealed, (Msb,) and denied, or disacknowledged, the favour or benefit [conferred upon him]; (S, Msb;) he was ungrateful, or unthankful, or behaved ungratefully or unthankfully; contr. of شَكَرَ; (S;) and he denied, or disacknowledged, and concealed, or covered, the favour or benefit of God: (K:) God's favours or benefits are the signs which show to those who have discrimination that their Creator is one, without partner, and that He has sent apostles with miraculous signs and revealed scriptures and manifest proofs. (Az, TA.) وَلَا نَكْفُرُكَ, in the prayer [termed القُنُوتُ], means وَلَا نَكْفُرُ نِعْمَتَكَ [And we will not deny, or disacknowledge, thy favour; or we will not be ungrateful, or unthankful, for it]. (Msb.) [The verb when used in this sense, seems, from what has been said above, to be a حَقِيقَة عُرْفِيَّة, or word so much used in a particular tropical sense as to be, in that sense, conventionally regarded as proper.] b3: and hence, كَفَرَ, inf. n. كُفْرَانٌ, is used to signify [absolutely] He denied, or disacknowledged. (TA.) [See the act. part. n., below: and see 3. See also art. ف, p. 2322 a.] You say كَفَرَ بِالصَّانِعِ He denied the Creator. (Msb.) b4: Hence also, (TA.) كَفَرَ, (S, Msb,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. كُفُرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) which is the most common form in this case, (El-Basáïr,) and كَفْرٌ (K) and كُفْرَانٌ (Msb, K) and كُفُورٌ, (K,) He disbelieved; he became an unbeliever, or infidel; contr. of آمَنَ, inf. n. إِيْمَانٌ. (S, K.) You say كَفَرَ بِاللّٰهِ (S, Msb) He disbelieved in God: (S:) because he who does so conceals, or covers, the truth, and the favours of the liberal Dispenser of favours [who is God]. (MF.) [Also, as shown above, He denied God.] It is related in a trad. of 'Abd-El-Melik, that he wrote to El-Hajjáj, مَنْ أَقَرَّ بِالكُفْرِ فَخَلِّ سَبِيلَهُ, meaning, Whosoever confesses the unbelief of him who opposes the Benoo-Marwán, and goes forth against them, let him go his way. (TA.) See also كُفْرٌ, below. b5: [He blasphemed: a signification very common in the present day.] b6: Also, كَفَرَ بِكَذَا He declared himself to be clear, or quit, of such a thing. (Msb.) In this sense it is used in the Kur xiv. 27. (Msb, TA.) b7: And كَفَرَ also signifies He was remiss, or fell short of his duty, with respect to the law, and neglected the gratitude or thankfulness to God which was incumbent on him. So in the Kur xxx. 43; as is shown by its being opposed to عَمِلَ صَالِحًا. (TA.) A2: كَفَرَ لَهُ, inf. n. كَفْرٌ: see 2.2 كفّرهُ, inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ: see 1, first signification, in three places.

A2: Hence, كَفَّرَ الذَّنْبَ It (war in the cause of God [or the like]) covered, or concealed, the crime or sin: (Mgh:) (or expiated it: or annulled it; for] تكفير with respect to acts of disobedience is like إِحْبَاطٌ with respect to reward. (S, K.) The saying in the Kur [v. 70.] لَكَفَّرْنَا عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ means, We would cover, or conceal, their sins, so that they should become as though they had not been: or it may mean, We would do away with their sins; as is indicated by another saying in the Kur [xi. 116,] “ good actions do away with sins. ” (El-Basáïr.) كَفَّرَ اللّٰهُ عَنْهُ الذَّنْبَ signifies God effaced his sin. (Msb.) b2: And كَفَّرَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ [He expiated his oath;] he performed, (Msb,) or gave, (K,) what is termed كَفَّارَة [i. e. a fast, or alms, for the expiation of his oath]: (Msb, K:) تَكْفِيرٌ of an oath is the doing what is incumbent, or obligatory, for the violation, or breaking, thereof: (S:) كَفَّرَ يَمِينَهُ is a vulgar phrase. (Mgh.) A3: كَفَّرَهُ as syn. with أَكْفَرَهُ: see 4.

A4: كَفَّرَ لَهُ, inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ, (A, Mgh, TA,) He did obeisance to him, lowering his head, or bowing, and bending himself, and putting his hand upon his breast: (Mgh:) or put his hand upon his breast and bent himself down to him: (TA:) or he made a sign of humbling himself to him; did obeisance to him: (A:) namely, an عِلْج [or unbeliever of the Persians or other foreigners] (A, Mgh) or a ذِمِّىّ [or free non- Muslim subject of a Muslim government, i. e., a Christian, a Jew, or a Sabian] (Mgh) to the king; (A, Mgh;) or a slave to his master, or to his دِهْقَان [or chief]: (TA:) and ↓ كَفَرَ, [aor. ـُ accord. to the rule of of the K,] (TK,) inf. n. كَفْرٌ, (K,) he (a Persian, فَارِسِىٌّ, K, and so in the L and other lexicons, but in the TS فَارِس, without ى, which is probably a mistake of copyists, TA) paid honour to his king, (K, TA,) by making a sing with his head, near to prostration: (TA:) تَكْفِيرٌ is a man's humbling himself to another, (S, K, TA,) bending himself, and lowering his head, nearly in the manner termed رُكُوعٌ; as one does when he desires to pay honour to his friend; (TA;) or as the عِلْج does to the دِهْقَان: (S:) and the تكفير of the people of the scriptures [or Christians and Jews, and Sabians] one's lowering his head to his friend, like the تَسْلِيم with the Muslims: or one's putting his hand, or his two hands, upon his breast: (TA:) and تكفير in prayer is the bending one's self much in the state of standing, before the action termed رُكُوعٌ; the doing of which was disapproved by Mohammad, accord. to a trad. (TA.) It is said in a trad., إِذَا أَصْبَحَ ابْنُ آدَمَ فَإِنَّ الأَعْضَآءَ تُكَفِّرُ كُلُّهَا لِلِّسَانِ When the son of Adam rises in the morning, verily all the members abase themselves to the tongue, (Mgh, TA,) and confess obedience to it, and humbly submit to its command. (TA.) b2: تَكْفِيرٌ also signifies The crowning a king with a crown, [because] when he, or it, is seen, obeisance is done to him (إِذَا رُئِىَ كُفِّرَ لَهُ). (K.) b3: See also تَكْفِيرٌ below.3 كَافَرَنِى حَقِّى He denied, or disacknowledged, to me my right, or just claim. (A, Mgh, K.) Hence the saying of 'Ámir, إِذَا أَقَرَّ عِنْدَ القَاضِى

بِشَىْءٍ ثُمَّ كَافَرَ [When he confesses a thing in the presence of the Kádee, then denies, or disacknowledges: كَافَرَ being thus used in the sense of كَفَرَ]. But as to the saying of Mohammad [the lawyer], رجُلٌ لَهُ عَلَى آخَرَ دَيْنٌ فَكَافَرَهُ بِهِ سِنِينَ [A man who owed to another a debt, and denied to him, in the case of it, for years], he seems to have made it imply the meaning of المُمَاطَلَة, and therefore to have made it trans. in the same manner as المماطلة is trans. (Mgh.) 4 اكفرهُ, (S, A, Mgh, K,) and ↓ كفّرهُ, (A, Mgh, Msb,) [the latter of which is the more common in the present day,] He called him a كَافِر [i. e. a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel]: (S, Mgh, K:) he attributed, or imputed to him, charged him with, or accused him of, disbelief, or infidelity: (S, A, Msb:) or he said to him كَفَرْتَ [Thou hast become an unbeliever, or infidel, or Thou hast blasphemed: in this last sense, “ he said to him Thou hast blasphemed, ”

كفّرهُ, to which alone it is assigned in the Msb, is very commonly used in the present day]. (Msb.) Hence the saying, لَا تُكْفِرْ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ قِبْلَتِكَ Do not thou attribute or impute disbelief or infidelity to any one of the people of thy kibleh; (S, TA;) i. e., do not thou call any such a disbeliever, &c.; or do not thou make him such by thine assertion and thy saying. (TA.) لَا تُكَفِّرُوا أَهْلَ قِبْلَتِكُمْ is not authorized by the relation, though it be allowable as a dial. form. (Mgh.) b2: [Also] أَكْفَرْتُهُ, inf. n. إِكْفَارٌ, I made him a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel; I compelled him to become a disbeliever, &c. (Msb.) And أَكْفَرَ فُلَانٌ صَاحِبَهُ Such a one compelled his companion by evil treatment to become disobedient after he had been obedient. (Mgh.) And أَكْفَرَ الرَّجُلُ مُطِيعَهُ The man compelled him who had obeyed him to disobey him: (T, TA:) or he made him to be under a necessity to disobey him. (TA.) A2: اكفر He (a man, TA) kept, or confined himself, to the كَفْر, (K,) i. e. قَرْيَة [town or village]; (TA;) as also ↓ اكتفر. (IAar, K.) 5 تكفّر بِالسِّلَاحِ He covered himself with the arms. And تكفّر بِالثَّوْبِ He enveloped himself entirely with the garment. (A.) 8 إِكْتَفَرَ see 4, last signification.

كَفْرٌ The darkness and blackness of night; [because it conceals things;] as also, sometimes, ↓ كِفْرٌ. (S, K.) [See also كَافِرٌ.] See a verse cited voce ذُكَآءُ.

A2: Earth, or dust; because it conceals what is beneath it. (Lh.) A3: [Hence also] A grave, or sepulchre: (S, K:) pl. كُفُورٌ. (S.) Whence the saying, أَللّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِأَهْلِ الكُفُورِ [O God, pardon the people of the graves]. (S.) A4: [And hence, perhaps,] A town, or village; [generally the latter;] syn. قَرْيَةٌ: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) a Syriac word, and mostly used by the people of Syria [and of Egypt]: or, accord. to El-Harbee, land that is far from men, by which no one passes: (TA:) pl. كُفُورٌ: (S, Msb:) in the present day, it is applied in Egypt to any small قَرْيَة [or village] by the side of a great قَرْيَة [or town]: they say القَرْيَةُ الفُلَانِيَّةُ وَكَفْرُهَا [Such a town and its village]: and sometimes one قَرْيَة has a number of كُفُور. (TA.) Hence the saying of Mo'áwiyeh, أَهْلُ الكُفُورِ هُمْ أَهْلُ القُبُورِ [The people of the villages are the people of the graves]; meaning, that they are as the dead; they do not see the great towns and the performance of the congregational prayers of Friday: (S, Mgh:) by الكفور he meant the villages (القُرَى) remote from the great towns and from the places where the people of science assemble, so that ignorance prevails among their inhabitants, and they are most quickly affected by innovations in religion and by natural desires which cause to err. (Az, TA.) Hence also the trad. (of Aboo-Hureyreh, TA), لَيُخْرِجَنَّكُمُ الرُّومُ مِنْهَا كَفْرًا كَفْرًا [The Greeks will assuredly expel you from them, town by town, or village by village]; (S, * TA;) i. e. from the فُرًى of Syria. (S, TA.) b2: كَفْرٌ عَلَى كَفْرٍ also signifies One upon another; or one part upon another. (TA.) كُفْرٌ: see 1. [As a simple subst., Ingratitude, &c. b2: And particularly Denial, or disacknowledgment, of favours or benefits, and especially of those conferred by God: and disbelief, unbelief; infidelity.] It is of four kinds: كُفْرُ إِنْكَارٍ the denial, or disacknowledgment, of God, with the heart and the tongue, having no knowledge of what is told one of the unity of God [&c.]: and كُفْرُ جُحُودٍ the acknowledgment with the heart without confessing with the tongue: [or the disacknowledgment of God with the tongue while the heart acknowledges Him:] and كُفْرُ المُعَانَدَةِ the knowledge of God with the heart, and confession with the tongue, with refusal to accept [the truth]: and كُفْرُ النِّفَاقِ the confession with the tongue with disbelief in the heart: all of these are unpardonable: (L, TA:) the greatest كُفْر is the denial, or disacknowledgment, of the unity [of God], or of the prophetic office [of Mohammad and others], or of the law of God. (El-Basáïr.) [Also, Blasphemy. Its pl., as a simple subst. in all these senses, is said to be كُفُورٌ.]. Akh says, that كُفُورًا [in the accus. case] in the Kur xvii. 101, [to which may be added v. 91 of the same ch., and xxv. 52,] is pl. of كُفْرٌ, like as بُرُودٌ is pl. of بُرْدٌ. (S.) A2: Tar, or pitch, syn. قِيرٌ; with which ships are smeared; (K;) of which there are three sorts, كُفْرٌ and قِيرٌ and زِفتٌ: كفر is melted, and then ships are smeared with it: [whence, app., its name, from its being a covering:] زفت is used for smearing skins for wine, &c. (ISh.) كِفْرٌ: see كَفْرٌ.

كَفَرٌ: see كَافُورٌ.

كَفْرَةٌ: see كَافِرٌ.

كُفَرَّى, and its variations: see كَافُورٌ.

كَفُورٌ: see كافر.

كَفَّارٌ: see كافر.

كَفَّارَةٌ a subst. from تَكْفِيرُ اليَمِينِ, (S,) or an intensive epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates; signifying [An expiation for a sin or crime or a violated oath;] an action, or a quality, which has the effect of effacing a wrong action or sin or crime; (TA;) that which covers, or conceals, sins or crimes; such as the كفّارة of oaths [violated], and that of [the kind of divorce termed] ظِهَار, and of unintentional homicide; (T, TA;) an expiation (مَا كُفِّرَ بِهِ), such as an alms-giving, and a fasting, and the like: (K:) pl. كَفَّارَاتٌ. (T, TA.) كَافِرٌ A sower: (S, K:) or a tiller of the ground: (Msb:) because he covers over the seed with earth: (S, Msb: *) pl. كُفَّارٌ. (S, TA.) The pl. is said by some to be thus used in the Kur lvii. 19. (TA.) b2: Dark clouds, or a dark cloud; (K;) because it conceals what is beneath it. (TA.) b3: Night: (K:) or intensely black night; because it conceals everything by its darkness. (S.) b4: The darkness; (K;) because it covers what is beneath it; (TA;) as also ↓ كَفْرَةٌ, accord. to the copies of the K; but in the L, كَفْرٌ, q. v. (TA.) b5: The sea; (S, A, K;) for the same reason. (TA.) Thaalabeh Ibn-So'eyr El-Mazinee says, (S, TA,) describing a male and a female ostrich and their returning to their eggs at sunset, (TA,) فَتَذَكَّرَا ثَقَلًا رَثِيدًا بَعْدَمَا

أَلْقَتْ ذُكَآءُ يَمِينَهَا فِى كَافِرِ [And they remembered goods placed side by side, after the sun had cast its right side into a sea]; i. e., the sun had begun to set: or the poet may mean [by كافر] night: (S, TA:) but Sgh says, that the right reading is تَذَكَّرَتْ; the pronoun referring to the female ostrich. (TA.) b6: Also, A great river: (S, K:) used in this sense by El-Mutalemmis: (S:) and a great valley. (K.) b7: [A man] staying, or abiding, [in a place,] and hiding himself. (TA.) [See an ex. voce عَرْشٌ.] b8: [A man] wearing arms; covered with arms: (Az, K:) as also ↓ مُكَفِّرٌ (A, K) and ↓ مُتَكَفِّرٌ (S, A) and ↓ مُكَفَّرٌ: (A:) or this last signifies bound fast in iron; (K, TA;) as though covered and concealed by it: (TA:) pl. of the first, كُفَّارٌ. (K.) Hence the following, (K,) said by Mohammad during the pilgrimage of valediction, (TA,) لَا تَرْجِعُوا بِعْدِى كُفَّارًا يَضْرِبُ بَعْضُكُمْ رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ (K) [Do not ye become again, after me, i. e., after my death,] wearers of arms, preparing yourselves for fight, [one party of you smiting the necks of others;] as though he meant thereby to forbid war: (AM, TA:) or [do not ye become unbelievers, after me, &c.; i. e.,] do not ye call people unbelievers, and so become unbelievers [yourselves]. (AM, K, TA.) b9: A coat of mail; (Sgh, K;) because it conceals what is beneath it. (TA.) b10: One who has covered his coat of mail with a garment worn over it. (S.) b11: كَافِرُ الدُّرُوعِ A garment that is worn over the coat of mail. (A.) A2: One who denies, or disacknowledges, the favours or benefits of God: (K:) [ungrateful; unthankful; especially to God:] one who denies, or disacknowledges, the unity [of God], and the prophetic office [of Mohammad and others], and the law of God, altogether, accord. to the common conventional acceptation: a disbeliever; an unbeliever; an infidel; a miscreant; contr. of مُؤْمِنٌ: (El- Basáïr:) because he conceals the favours of God: (S:) or because his heart is covered; as though it were of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: (IDrd, TA:) or because كُفْر covers his heart altogether: (Lth, TA:) i. e. having a covering to his heart: or because, when God invites him to acknowledge his unity, He invites him to accept his favours; and when he refuses to do so, he covers the favour of God, excluding it from him: (Az, TA:) fem. with ة: (S, Msb, K:) pl. masc.

كَفَرَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the most common pl. of كافر in the first of the senses explained above, (El-Basáïr,) and كُفَّارٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the most common pl. of the same in the last of those senses, as contr. of مؤمن, (El-Basáïr,) and كِفَارٌ (S, K) and كَافِرُونَ: (Msb:) and pl. fem.

كَوَافِرُ (S, Msb, K) and كَافِرَاتٌ: (Msb:) and ↓ رَجُلٌ كَفَّارٌ, and ↓ كَفُورٌ signify the same as كَافِرٌ: (K:) or كَفُورٌ is an intensive epithet, meaning very ungrateful, or unthankful, [&c., especially to God]: so in the Kur xxii. 65, and xliii. 14: and كَفَّارٌ has a more intensive signification than كَفُورٌ, [meaning habitually ungrateful, &c.:] os in the Kur ا 23: but sometimes it is used in the sense of كَفُورٌ; as in the Kur xiv. 37: (ElBasáïr:) ↓ كَفُورٌ is fem. as well as masc.; (TA;) and its pl. is كُفُرٌ, (K, * TA,) also both masc. and fem.; and it has no unbroken pl. (TA.) b2: Also, simply, Denying, or disacknowledging; a denier, or disacknowledger: followed byبِ before the thing denied: pl. كَافِرُونَ: (S, TA;) so in the Kur ii. 38, (TA,) and xxviii. 48. (S, TA.) b3: [Also, Blaspheming; a blasphemer.]

A3: See also كَافُورٌ.

كَافُورٌ The spathe, or envelope of the طَلْع [or spadix], (As, S, K, TA,) or upper covering thereof, (TA,) of a palm-tree; (As, S, K, TA;) the كِمّ of a palm-tree: (Mgh, Msb:) as also ↓ كُفَرَّى, (S, Mgh, Msb,) with damm to the ك and fet-h to the ف and teshdeed to the ر, (Mgh, Msb,) or كُفُرَّى, [so in the copies of the K, and so I have found it written in other works, so that both forms appear to be correct,] and كَفَرَّى and كِفِرَّى, (K, * TA,) and ↓ كَافِرٌ (AHn, K) and ↓ كَفَرٌ: (K:) so called because it conceals what is within it: (Mgh, Msb:) or, accord. to AA and Fr, the طَلْع [by which they probably mean the spathe, for, as is said in the Mgh, it is applied by some to the كِمّ (or spathe) before it bursts open]: (S:) [↓ كفرّى is sometimes masc., though more properly and commonly fem.:] IAar says, I heard Umm-Rabáh say.

هٰذِهِ كفرّى and هٰذَا كفّرى: (TA:) the pl. of كَافُورٌ is كَوَافِيرُ; and the pl. of كَافِرٌ is كَوَافِرُ. (TA.) b2: Also (tropical:) The زَمَع of the grape-vine; (K, TA;) i. e., the leaves which cover what is within them of the raceme; likened to the كافور of the طلع; (TA;) the كِمّ [or calyx] of the grapes, before the blossom comes forth; because they cover the unopened raceme; accord. to IF, as also ↓ كُفَرَّى: (Msb:) pl. كَوَافِيرُ and كَوَافِرُ, accord. to the K; but it is well known that the former is pl. of كافور, and the latter of كافر. (TA.) b3: And, accord. to some, (assumed tropical:) The envelope [or calyx] of any plant. (TA.) A2: [Camphor;] a kind of perfume, (S, K,) well known, from certain trees [the laurus camphora of Linn.] in the mountains of the sea of India and China, which afford shadow to many people or creatures, (K,) by reason of its greatness and its many spreading branches, (TA,) which leopards or panthers frequent, and the wood of which is white and easily broken; the كافور is found within it, and is of various kinds, in colour red, and becoming white only by تَصْعِيد [or sublimation]. (K.) A3: Accord. to the M, A mixture of perfume, composed of the spathe (كافور) of the spadix of the palm-tree. (TA.) A4: A certain spring, or fountain, in paradise. (Fr. K.) So in the Kur [lxxvi. 5,] إِنَّ الْأَبْرَارَ يَشْرَبُونَ مِنْ كَأْسٍ كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا كَافُورًا [Verily the pious shall drink a cup of wine whereof the mixture is Káfoor]. (Fr.) IDrd says, that it should be imperfectly decl., because it is a fem. [proper] name, determinate, of more than three letters; but it is made perfectly decl. for the conformity of the ends of the verses: Th says, that it is made perfectly decl. because it is used by way of comparison; and that if it were a [proper] name of the spring, or fountain, it would be imperfectly decl.: Th means, says ISd, whereof the mixture is like كافور [or camphor]: and Zj says, that it may mean that the taste of perfume and كافور is in it, or that it is mixed with كافور. (TA.) A5: A certain plant, (Lth, K,) [which I believe to he the same as the camphorata Monspeliensis, see my “ Thousand and One Nights, ”

ch. xxviii. note 6,] of sweet odour, (ISd, K,) the flower of which is (Lth, K) white, (Lth,) like the flower of the أُقْحُوَان [or camomile]. (Lth, K.) A6: IDrd says, I do not think the كافور is Arabic, because they sometimes say قَفُورٌ and قَافُورٌ. (TA.) أَكْفَرُ [More, or most, ungrateful or unthank-ful, especially to God; or disbelieving or unbelieving]. (TA.) تَكْفِيرٌ, as a subst., The crown of a king. (ISd, K.) مُكْفَّرٌ A bird covered with feathers. (A.) See also كَافِرٌ: and see مَكْفُورٌ.

A2: One who, though beneficent, is regarded, or treated, with ingratitude; (K;) a benefactor whose beneficence is not gratefully acknowledged. (A.) مُكَفِّرٌ: see كَافِرٌ.

رَمَادٌ مَكْفُورٌ Ashes upon which the wind has swept the dust so that it has covered them. (S.) See also مُكَفَّرٌ.

مُتَكَفِّرٌ: see كَافِرٌ.

كفل كفن كفى See Supplement