سفه
1 سَفِهَ, (
S,
MA,
Msb,)
aor. ـَ (
Msb;) and سَفُهَ, [
aor. ـُ (
S,
Msb;)
inf. n. سَفَهٌ and سَفَاهَةٌ (
S,
MA,
Msb,
K *) and سَفَاهٌ, (
S,
MA,
K, *) [all mentioned in the
MA as of the former verb, and so in the
TA when that verb is
trans., but properly] the first is of the former verb, and the second is of the latter verb, (
S,
Msb,) and so is the third; (
S;) He (a man,
S) was, or became, such as is termed سَفِيه; (
S,
TA;) [i. e.] he was, or became, unwise, witless, or destitute of wisdom or understanding, or [rather] lightwitted. (
MA.)
b2: The phrase سَفِهَ نَفْسَةُ, [of which an instance occurs in the
Kur ii. 124, and] to which غَبِنَ رَأْيَهُ and بَطِرَ عَيْضْلَر
Rَهُ and أَلِمَ بَطْنَهُ and وَفِقَ أَمْرَهُ and رَضْلَر
Rِدَ أَمْرَهُ are similar, was originally سَفِهَتْ نَفْسُ زَيْدٍ [or rather سَفِهَتْ نَفْسُهُ i. e. Himself, or his mind, was, or became, lightwitted, &c.]; but when [the dependence of] the verb became transferred [from the نفس] to the man, what followed the verb was put in the
accus. case by being its
objective complement, for the phrase became identical in meaning with نَفْسَهُ ↓ سَفَّهَ [he made himself, or his mind, lightwitted, &c.]: so say the Basrees and
Ks; and it is allowable with them to make this accus. to precede [the verb]; like as it is allowable to say, غُلَامَهُ ضَرَب زَيْدٌ: (
S,
TA:)
accord. to the
K, the verb thus used has three forms; (
TA;) you say سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ and رَأْيَهُ, (
K,
TA,) and حِلْمَهُ, (
TA,) and سَفُهَ, and سَفَهَ, meaning حَمَلَهُ عَلَىالسَّفَهِ [which is virtually the same as سَفَّهَهُ i. e. he made himself, or his mind, lightwitted, or unwise, &c., and in like manner his judgment, or opinion, and he made his gravity, or forbearance, or the like, to become levity, or hastiness, &c.]: or he attributed سَفَه [i. e. lightwittedness, &c., to himself, or his mind, and to his judgment, or opinion]: or he destroyed it; (
K,
TA;) agreeably with the meaning assigned to سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ by
AO: (
TA:) or this means he held himself in mean, or light, estimation; (
MA, and
Ksh and
Bd in ii. 124;) and rendered himself low, base, or contemptible: (
Bd ibid.:) but
Lh says that سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ, with kesr [to the ف],
inf. n. سَفَهٌ and سَفَاهَةٌ and سَفَاهٌ, means حَمَلَهُ عَلَى
السَّفَهِ [or حَمَلَهَا], and is the approved form, and that some say سَفُهَ, which is rare: and
accord. to
J and others, (
TA,) when they say سفه نَفْسَهُ, and رَأْيَهُ, they do not say it otherwise than with kesr [to the ف], because فَعُلَ is not
trans.: (
S,
TA:) so that the three forms of the verb mentioned in the
K require consideration: (
TA:)
accord. to
Fr, when [the dependence of] the verb in the phrase سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ became transferred from the نفس to the possessor thereof, what followed the verb became an explicative, to indicate that the سَفَه [or lightwittedness, &c.,] was therein; and by rule it should be سَفِهَ زَيْدٌ نَفْسًا, for the explicative should not be otherwise than indeterminate; but it was left in its state of a
prefixed noun, and put in the
accus. case in the manner of an indeterminate noun as being likened thereto; [the meaning, therefore,
accord. to him, is he was, or became, lightwitted, &c., as to his mind;] it is not allowable, however, in his opinion, to make this accus. to precede [the verb], because the explicative may not precede; and similar to this is the phrase ضِقْتُ بِهِ ذَرْعًا, and طِبْتُ بِهِ نَفْسًا, meaning ضَاقَ ذَرْعِىبِهِ and طَابَتْ نَفْسِى بِهِ: (
S,
TA:) but this saying [of
Fr] is disallowed by the grammarians; for they say that explicatives are indeterminate, and that determinate nouns may not be used as indeterminate: some of the grammarians say that إِلَّامَنْ سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ in the
Kur [ii. 124] means الّا من سَفِهَ فِىنَفْسِهِ [but he who is lightwitted, &c., in his mind], i. e., who becomes سَفِيه; [the
prep.] فى being suppressed [and the noun therefore put in the
accus. case agreeably with a general rule]:
Zj holds that the approvable saying is, that it means إِلَّا مَنْ جَهِلَ نَفْسَهُ, i. e., but he who is [ignorant or silly or foolish or] unreflecting in his mind: and in like manner, سَفِهَ رَأْيَهُ means جَهِلَهُ [i. e. he was ignorant, &c., in his judgment, or opinion]; and his judgment, or opinion, was unsound, without rectitude: and سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ signifies also he lost himself, or his own soul. (
TA.) سَفِهَ الحَقَّ is likewise
expl. as meaning الحَقَّ ↓ سَفَّهَ [He made the truth, or right, to be foolishness, or the like]; and
Yoo held the one to be a
dial. var. of the other, and the measure of the former verb to denote intensiveness; and
accord. to this explanation one may say, سَفِهْتُ زَيْدًا meaning زَيْدًا ↓ سَفَّهْتُ [I pronounced Zeyd lightwitted, &c.]: or the meaning is جَهِلَ الحَقَّ [he ignored the truth, or right], and he did not see it to be the truth, or right: (
TA:) or he regarded the truth, or right, as foolishness, or ignorance. (
S and
TA in art. غمط.) See also 2.
b3: سَفِهَ عَلَيْهِ signifies جَهِلَ [i. e., when thus
trans. by means of عَلَى, He feigned ignorance to him]; as also سَفُهَ, (
K,
TA,) and ↓ تسافه. (
K.)
b4: and سَفِهْتُ نَصِيبِى [and it is implied in the
K that one says سَفَهْتُ نصيبى also, but only the former is authorized by the
TA,] I forgot my share, or portion. (
Th,
K,
TA.)
b5: And سَفَهَ صَاحِبَهُ,
aor. ـُ He overcame his companion in what is termed مُسَافَهَة [
inf. n. of 3,
q. v.]. (
K.) You say, ↓ سَافَهَهُ فَسَفَهَهُ. (
TA.)
b6: سَفِهَتِ الطَّعْنَةُ, (
JK,
K,
TA,)
inf. n. سَفَهٌ, (
TA,) (
tropical:) The spear-wound, or the like, emitted blood which came from it quickly (
JK,
K,
TA) and dried up (وَجَفَّ [in the
TK وِخف]): (
K,
TA:) so in the A. (
TA.)
b7: سَفِهَ الضْلَر
Rَّرَابَ, (
S,
K,)
inf. n. سَفَهٌ, (
TA,) He drank much of the beverage, or wine, without having his thirst satisfied thereby. (
S,
K,
TA.) See also 3. and سَفِهَ المَآءَ (
tropical:) He drank the water immoderately. (
TA.)
b8: And سَفِهْتُ and سَفَهْتُ signify ضْلَر
Rُغِلْتُ, (so in the
CK,) in [some of] the copies of the
K ضْلَر
Rَغَلْتُ, but the right reading is ضْلَر
Rُغِلْتُ [i. e. I was occupied, or busied, or diverted from a thing]: or,
accord. to the copies of the
K, تَضْلَر
Rَغَّلْتُ; but correctly, or ضْلَر
Rَغَلْتُ [i. e. I occupied, or busied, or diverted from a thing]. (
TA.) 2 سَفَّهَ see 5.
b2: [Hence,] سِفِهِهُ,
inf. n. تَسْفِيهٌ, (
S,
Msb,
K,) signifies جَعَلَهُ سَفِيهًا [i. e. He, or it, made him to be, or he pronounced him to be, lightwitted, &c.]; as also ↓ سَفِهَهُ; (
K,
TA;) on the authority of
Akh and
Yoo: (
TA:) or he attributed to him what is termed سَفَه [i. e. lightwittedness, &c.]: (
S,
Msb:) or he said to him that he was such as is termed سَفِيه.
Msb.) and سفّه الجَهْلُ حِلْمَهُ Ignorance made him light, inconstant, unsteady, irresolute, or fickle;
syn. أَطَاضْلَر
Rَهُ and أَخَفَّهُ. (
TA.) See also 1, in three places.
3 سافههُ, (
S,
MA,
K,)
inf. n. مُسَافَهَةٌ, (
S,
KL,) He acted [in a lightwitted manner,] foolishly, or ignorantly, with him; (
MA,
KL;) showed lightness, levity, weakness of mind, and lack of حِلْم [or gravity, &c.], with him. (
KL.) You say, سَافَهَهُ فَسَفَهَهُ: see 1, near the end of the paragraph. [سافهه in this instance may mean as above, or may have the meaning here next following.]
b2: He reviled him; or he reviled him, being reviled by him;
syn. ضْلَر
Rَاتَمَهُ: whence the
prov., سَفِيهٌ لَمْ
↓ يَجِدْ مُسَافِهًا [A lightwitted person found not a reviler, or mutual reviler]; (
K,
TA;) mentioned in the
S. (
TA.) [See also 5.]
b3: سافه الدَّنَّ, (
S,
K,) or الوَطْبَ, (
S,) (assumed
tropical:) He sat with (قَاعَدَ) the دنّ [or wine-jar], (
S,
K,) or the وطب [or milk-skin], (
S,) and drank from it while after while. (
S,
K.) And سافه الضْلَر
Rَّرَابَ (
tropical:) He exceeded the due bounds in respect of the beverage, or wine, drinking it without measure; (
K,
TA;) as also ↓ سَفِهَهُ. (
K.) And سَافَهْتُ المَآءَ (
tropical:) I drank the water immoderately, (
Lh,
TA,) or without measure. (
A,
TA.) [See also 1, near the end of the paragraph.]
b4: And سَافَهَتِ النَّاقَةُ الطَّرِيقَ (
tropical:) The she-camel kept to the road, or way, (
A,
K,
TA,) or took to it, (
A,
TA,) with a vehement pace: (
A,
K,
TA:) or was light, or agile, in her pace, or going. (
TA.) 4 أَسْفَهْتُهُ I found him to be سَفِيه [i. e. lightwitted, &c.]. (
TA. [There said to be
tropical; but I see not why.])
b2: أَسْفَهَكَ اللّٰه الضْلَر
Rَّرَابَ (assumed
tropical:) May God make thee to drink of the beverage, or wine, without having thy thirst satisfied thereby: or أَسْفَهَهُ اللّٰهُ God made him, or may God make him, to drink without having his thirst satisfied: (
S,
accord. to different copies:) or اسفه اللّٰهُ فُلَانَّا المَآءَ God made, or may God make, such a one to drink much water. (
TA.) 5 تسفّهت الرِّيَاحُ The winds became in a state of commotion. (
TA.)
b2: تسفّهت الرِّيحُ الضْلَر
Rَّجَرَ, (
S,) or الغُصُونَ, (
K,
TA,) and الرِّيحُ ↓ سَفَّهَتِ الغُصُونَ, (
Ham p. 359,) The wind made the trees, (
S,) or the branches, (
K,) to bend, or incline: (
S,
K:) and put the branches in motion: (
K, and
Ham ubi suprà:) or ruffled, and put in motion, the branches. (
TA. [There said to be
tropical: but see what is said of the primary signification of سَفَهٌ, below.])
b3: [Hence,] it is said in a
prov., فُرَارَةٌ تَسَفَّهَتْ قَرَارَةً A lamb, or kid, made a sheep, or goat, to incline [to silly behaviour]: applied to the old whom the young incites to lightwittedness (السَّفَه) and levity. (
Meyd. [See also a similar
prov. in Freytag's Arab.
Prov., ii. 253.])
b4: تسفّههُ عَنْ مَالِهِ He deluded him, or beguiled him, of his property. (
S,
K.)
b5: تسفّه عَلَيْهِ He acted with سَفَاهَة [i. e. lightwittedness, &c.], or foolishly, towards him. (
MA.)
b6: And تَسَفَّهْتُ عَلَيْهِ signifies أَسْمَعْتُهُ [as meaning I reviled him]. (
S.) [See also 3.]
6 تسافه عَلَيْهِ: see 1, in the last quarter of the paragraph.
b2: [And تسافهوا They behaved in a lightwitted, foolish, or ignorant, manner, one with another. See also 3, which has a similar meaning.
b3: And They reviled one another: as seems to be indicated in the
TA. See also
Har p. 522: and see, again, 3.]
b4: تَسَافَهُ أَضْلَر
Rْدَاقُهَا, in a verse of Khalaf Ibn-Is-hák El-Bahránee, [describing swift camels,] means Their sides of the mouth casting forth their foam, one at another: like the saying of El-Jarmee, تَسَافَهُ أَضْلَر
Rْدَاقُهَا بِاللُّغَامِ [Their sides of the mouth casting forth the foam, one at another]. (
TA. [تسافه, there written without any
syll. signs, is
app. thus, (for تَتَسَافَهُ,) not تُسَافِهُ.]) سَفَهٌ, (
S,
TA,) as also ↓ سَفَاهَةٌ and ↓ سَفَاهٌ, (
TA,) [all mentioned as
inf. ns. in the first paragraph of this art.,] primarily signifies خِفَّةٌ [in its proper sense of Lightness], and motion, commotion, or agitation. (
S,
TA.)
b2: And hence (
S,
TA) the first, (
S,
K,
TA,) like each of the others, (
K,
TA,) signifies [generally Lightwittedness, or the like;] the
contr. of حِلْمٌ; (
S,
K,
TA;) [i. e.] خِفَّةٌ [as meaning lightness or levity, inconstancy, unsteadiness, irresoluteness; or lightness or levity, &c., and hastiness; for, as is said in the
TA in art. رجح, the
contr. of حِلْمٌ is described by the terms خِفَّةٌ and عَجَلٌ, like as حِلْمٌ is described by the term ثِقَلٌ]; and slenderness, shallowness, or weakness, of judgment; qualities which deficiency of intellect, or understanding, necessarily involves: (
Bd in ii. 12, in explanation of سَفَهٌ:) or خِفَّةُ حِلْمٍ
[i. e. slightness of gravity or staidness or sedateness or calmness &c.]: or جَهْلٌ [i. e. ignorance, or silliness or foolishness]: (
K,
TA:) all of which explanations are nearly alike: (
TA:) or سَفَهٌ is a deficiency in intellect or understanding: (
Msb:) or a lightness, or levity, accidental to a man, arising from joy or anger, inducing him to act unreasonably and unlawfully. (
KT.) سَفَاهٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.
سَفيِهٌ [Having the quality termed سَفَهٌ; i. e.,
accord. to the explanation of the primary signification of the latter, above, Light; and in a state of motion, commotion, or agitation:] applied to a camel's nose-rein, (
S,
K,) light: (
S:) or quivering; (
K,
TA;) because of the she-camel's shaking it, and contending in pulling it. (
TA: but there said to be, when thus applied,
tropical.) Dhu-rRummeh says, عَلَى ظَهْرِ مِقْلَاتٍ سَفِيهٍ جَدِيلُهَا i. e. [Upon the back of a she-camel that had brought forth but once and not conceived after,] whose nose-rein was light. (
S. In the
TA, زِمَامُهَا is here put in the place of جَدِيلُهَا.) and one says also نَاقَةٌ سَفِيهَةُ الزِمَامِ, (
K,
TA,) meaning [A she-camel whose nose-rein is light, or quivering: or] light, or agile, in pace or going. (
TA: in which this, also, is said to be
tropical.)
b2: Also Lightwitted; light of intellect or understanding; (
TA;) deficient in intellect or understanding; (
Msb;) ignorant; (Mujáhid,
K,
TA;) weak; foolish, stupid, unsound in intellect or understanding, dull therein, or having little, or no, intellect, or understanding; (Mujáhid,
TA;) and ↓ سَافِهٌ, also, [which is
syn. with سَفِيهٌ in all the senses mentioned above,] is
expl. by
IAar as having this last meaning of foolish, stupid, &c.: (
TA:) the
fem. is سَفِيهَةٌ: (
Msb,
K:) and the
pl. of the
masc., (
K,) or of the
masc. and
fem., (
Msb,
TA,) is سُفَهَآءُ, (
Msb,
K,
TA,) and of both, سِفَاهٌ, and of the
fem., سَفِيهَاتٌ also and سَفَائِهُ and سُفَّهٌ. (
K,
TA.) In the
Kur ii. 282, سَفِيهًا means,
accord. to Ibn-'Arafeh, Ignorant of the ordinances, or statutes; one who does not dictate well, and knows not what dictation is; for he who is ignorant in all his circumstances may not deal with another upon credit:
accord. to
ISd, ignorant or صَغِير [meaning under the age of puberty]; not ignorant of dictating, as
Lh asserts it to mean, because it is added, “or not able to dictate, himself: ” this, says
Er-Rághib, denotes سَفَه in respect of worldly matters: in the
Kur lxxii. 4, سَفِيهُنَا denotes سَفَه in religion. (
TA.) In the
Kur iv. 4, the
pl. السُّفَهَآء is said to mean Women, and young children; because they are ignorant of the proper object of expense: and
I'Ab is related to have said that women are termed السُّفَّهُ and السُّفَهَآءُ: (
Lh,
TA:)
Az, also, says that a woman is termed سَفِيهَةٌ because of the weakness of her intellect, and because she does not manage well her property; and in like manner are termed children as long as they are not known to be characterized by maturity of intellect, and rectitude of actions, and good management of affairs. (
TA.)
b3: ثَوْبٌ سَفِيهٌ (
tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, badly woven; thin, flimsy, unsubstantial, or scanty in the yarn. (
K, *
TA.) سَفَاهَةٌ: see سَفَهٌ.
سَافِهٌ: see سَفيهٌ.
b2: Also, applied to a man, (assumed
tropical:) Vehemently thirsty: and so سَاهِفٌ. (
Az,
TA.) وَادٍ مُسْفَهٌ (
tropical:) A valley filled [with water]: (
K,
TA:) as though it exceeded the due bounds, and became such as is termed سَفِيه: imagined to be from أسْفَهْتُهُ signifying “ I found him to be سَفِيه. ” (
TA.) طَعَامٌ مَسْفَهَةٌ, (
K,
TA, in the
CK [erroneously]
مُسْفِهٌ,) as also مَسْهَفَةٌ, (
TA,) (assumed
tropical:) Food that incites [in the
CK يُتْعِبُ is erroneously put for يَبْعَتُ] to the drinking of much water. (
IAar, *
K,
TA.) مُسَافِهٌ
act. part. n. of 3,
q. v.
