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جن

Entries on جن in 5 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Ibn Sīda al-Mursī, Al-Muḥkam wa-l-Muḥīṭ al-Aʿẓam, Al-Khalīl b. Aḥmad al-Farāhīdī, Kitāb al-ʿAin, Arabic-English Lexicon by Edward William Lane, and 2 more
باب الجيم مع النون ج ن، ن ج مستعملان

جن: الجنُّ: جماعة وَلَدِ الجانِّ، وجمعهم الجِنَّةُ والجِنّانُ، سُمُّوا به لاستجنانهم من الناس فلا يُرونَ. والجانُّ أبو الجِنِّ خُلِقَ من نار ثم خُلق نَسله. والجانُّ: حيَّةٌ بيضاء، قال الله عز وجل- تَهْتَزُّ كَأَنَّها جَانٌّ وَلَّى مُدْبِراً * والمَجَنَّةُ : الجنُون، وجُنَّ الرجلُ، وأجَنَّه الله فهو مَجنُونٌ وهم مَجانينُ. ويقال به: جنَّةٌ وجنونٌ ومَجَنَّة، قال:

من الدارميّينَ الذين دِماؤُهم ... شفاءٌ من الدّاءِ المَجَنةِ والخَبلِ

وأرض مَجَنَّةٌ: كثيرةُ الجنِّ. والجَنانُ: رُوعُ القلبِ، يقال: ما يستقرُّ جَنانُه من الفَزَعِ. وأجَنَّتِ الحاملُ الجنينَ أي الولد في بطنها، وجمعُه أجِنَّة وقد جَنَّ الولدَ يجِنُّ فيه جَنّاً، قال:

حتى إذا ما جَنَّ في ماء الرَّحِم

ويقال: أجَنَّة اللَّيل وجَنَّ عليه اللَّيلُ (إذا أظلم حتى يَستره بظُلمته. واستجنَّ فلانٌ إذا استتر بشيءٍ. والمِجَنُّ: التُّرسُ. والجَنجَنُ والجَناجِنُ: أطراف الأضلاعِ مما يلي الصَّدرِ وعظمَ القلبِ. والجَنَّةُ: الحديقة، وهي بُستانٌ ذاتُ شَجَرٍ ونُزهةٍ، وجمعُه جَنّات. والجُنَّةُ: الدرع، وكل ما وقاك فهو جُنَّتُك. والجَنَنُ: القبر، وقيل للكَفَنِ أيضاً لأنه يُجنُّ فيه الميِّتُ أي يُكَفَّن.

نج: النَّجنجَةُ: الجَولةُ عند الفزعة . والأنجوج: ريح طيِّبٌ. ونّجنَجَ إبلَه: ردَّها عن الحَوض. ونَجنَجَ أمره: أي رَدَّدَ ولم يُنفِذه، قال العجاج:

ونَجنَجَت بالخَوفِ من تَنَجنَجَا
جن
الجِنُّ: جَمَاعَةُ وَلَدِ الجانِّ، وهم الجِنَّةُ والجِنّانُ. والجانُّ: أبو الجِنِّ، سُمِّيَتْ لاسْتِتارِهم. والجانُّ: حَيَّةٌ بيضاءُ. وأرْضٌ مَجَنَةٌ: كثيرةُ الجِنِّ.
والمَجَنَّةُ: الجُنُوْنُ، جُنَّ الرَّجُلُ، وأجَنَّه اللَّهُ. وبه جِنَّةٌ ومَجَنَّةٌ: أي جُنُوْنٌ. ويُقال للجُنُوْنِ: جُنُنٌ. والأَجَانِيْنُ: جَمْعُ الجِنِّ.
والجَنَانُ: رُوْعُ القَلْبِ. وهو الحَرِيْمُ أيضاً. وجَمَاعَةُ الناس. والجَنَابُ. والساحَةُ.
والجَنِيْنُ: الوَلَدُ في الرَّحِم، والجميع الأجِنَّةُ. وأجَنَّتِ الحامِلُ وَلَداً. وجَنَّ الوَلَدُ يَجِنُّ جَنّاً في الرَّحِمَ. وجَنَّ اللَّيْلُ يَجِنُّ جُنُوْناً، وأجَنَ. يُجِنُّ إجْنَاناً. وجُنَّ الرجُلُ يُجَنُّ جَنّاً ومَجَنَّةً. وأجَنَه اللَّيْل، وجَنَّ عليه الفَيْلُ جُنُونَاَ وجَنَاناً.
وجِنُّ اللَّيْل: ما وارى من ظُلْمَتِه. واسْتَجَنَّ فلانٌ: إذا اسْتَتَرَ بِشَيْءٍ.
ويُقال: جَنَنْتُه في القَبْرِ وأجْنَنْتُه. والجَنِيْنُ: الدَّفِيْنُ. والمِجَنُّ: التُرْسُ، وكذلك الجِنَانَةُ والجِنَانُ.
والجُنَّةُ: الدِّرْعُ وكُلُّ ما وَقاكَ.
والجَنَّةُ: الحَدِيْقَةُ ذاتُ الشِّجَرِ، والجميع الجِنَانُ.
ونَخْلَةٌ مَجْنُونَةٌ: أي سَحُوْقٌ في غايَةِ الطّوْل، ونَخْلٌ مَجَانِيْنُ. وجُنَّتِ الأرْضُ وتَجَنَّنَتْ: بَلَغَتِ المَدى في النَّبات.
وجُنَّ النَّبْتُ جُنُوناً: خَرَجَ زَهرُه، من قَوْلِه:
وجُنَّ الخازِبازُ به جُنُونا
والجَنَاجِنُ: أطْرافُ الأضلاع ممّا يَلي قَصَّ الصَّدْرِ وعَظْمَ الصُّلْبِ، واحِدُها جِنْجِنٌ وجَنْجَنٌ.
وهذه الناقَةُ بِجِنِّ ضِراسها: أي بحِدْثانِ نِتاجِها. وهو بِجِن نَشَاطِه.
ولا جِنَّ بكذا: أي لا خَفَاءَ به.
وجِنُّ العَيْن: كُلُّ ما اسْتَجَنَّ عن بَصَرِكَ أو سَتَرَ عنكَ شَيْئاً. وقيل: هي المَنِيَّةُ أي مَنِيَّتُه مَسْتُورةٌ عنه.
وما يَرى فلانٌ لي جَنَاناً ولا حَنَاناً: أي ما يُجِنُّني منه.
ولا يَجُنُّ عنّي كلمةً: أي ما يَصْرِفُ.
ويقولون: أجَنّي من أصحاب فلانٍ: أي من أجْلِ أنّي. وفي الحديث: " أجَنَّكَ من أصحاب رسولَ اللهّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ".
ومَجَنَةُ: مَوْضِعٌ معروفُ من مكَةَ على أمْيَالٍ.
جنَ
أصل الجِنِّ: ستر الشيء عن الحاسة، يقال:
جَنَّه الليل وأَجَنَّهُ وجَنَّ عليه، فَجَنَّهُ: ستره، وأَجَنَّه جعل له ما يجنّه، كقولك: قبرته وأقبرته، وسقيته وأسقيته، وجَنَّ عليه كذا: ستر عليه، قال عزّ وجل: فَلَمَّا جَنَّ عَلَيْهِ اللَّيْلُ رَأى كَوْكَباً [الأنعام/ 76] ، والجَنَان: القلب، لكونه مستورا عن الحاسة، والمِجَنُّ والمِجَنَّة: الترس الذي يجنّ صاحبه. قال عزّ وجل: اتَّخَذُوا أَيْمانَهُمْ جُنَّةً
[المجادلة/ 16] ، وفي الحديث:
«الصّوم جنّة» . والجَنَّةُ: كلّ بستان ذي شجر يستر بأشجاره الأرض، قال عزّ وجل: لَقَدْ كانَ لِسَبَإٍ فِي مَسْكَنِهِمْ آيَةٌ جَنَّتانِ عَنْ يَمِينٍ وَشِمالٍ [سبأ/ 15] ، وَبَدَّلْناهُمْ بِجَنَّتَيْهِمْ جَنَّتَيْنِ [سبأ/ 16] ، وَلَوْلا إِذْ دَخَلْتَ جَنَّتَكَ [الكهف/ 39] ، قيل: وقد تسمى الأشجار الساترة جَنَّة، وعلى ذلك حمل قول الشاعر:
من النّواضح تسقي جنّة سحقا
وسميت الجنّة إمّا تشبيها بالجنّة في الأرض- وإن كان بينهما بون-، وإمّا لستره نعمها عنّا المشار إليها بقوله تعالى: فَلا تَعْلَمُ نَفْسٌ ما أُخْفِيَ لَهُمْ مِنْ قُرَّةِ أَعْيُنٍ [السجدة/ 17] . قال ابن عباس رضي الله عنه: إنما قال:
جَنَّاتٍ
بلفظ الجمع لكون الجنان سبعا:
جنة الفردوس، وعدن، وجنة النعيم، ودار الخلد، وجنة المأوى، ودار السلام، وعليّين.
والجنين: الولد ما دام في بطن أمه، وجمعه:
أَجِنَّة. قال تعالى: وَإِذْ أَنْتُمْ أَجِنَّةٌ فِي بُطُونِ أُمَّهاتِكُمْ [النجم/ 32] ، وذلك فعيل في معنى مفعول، والجنين القبر ، وذلك فعيل في معنى فاعل. والجِنّ يقال على وجهين: أحدهما للروحانيين المستترة عن الحواس كلها بإزاء الإنس، فعلى هذا تدخل فيه الملائكة والشياطين، فكلّ ملائكة جنّ، وليس كلّ جنّ ملائكة، وعلى هذا قال أبو صالح : الملائكة كلها جنّ، وقيل: بل الجن بعض الروحانيين، وذلك أنّ الروحانيين ثلاثة:
- أخيار: وهم الملائكة.
- وأشرار: وهم الشياطين.
- وأوساط فيهم أخيار وأشرار: وهم الجن، ويدلّ على ذلك قوله تعالى: قُلْ أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ إلى قوله: وَأَنَّا مِنَّا الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَمِنَّا الْقاسِطُونَ [الجن/ 1- 14] .
والجِنَّة: جماعة الجن. قال تعالى: مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ [الناس/ 6] ، وقال تعالى:
وَجَعَلُوا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْجِنَّةِ نَسَباً [الصافات/ 158] . والجِنَّة: الجنون، وقال تعالى: ما بِصاحِبِكُمْ مِنْ جِنَّةٍ [سبأ/ 46] أي: جنون.
والجُنون: حائل بين النفس والعقل، وجُنَّ فلان قيل: أصابه الجن، وبني فعله كبناء الأدواء نحو: زكم ولقي وحمّ، وقيل: أصيب جنانه، وقيل: حيل بين نفسه وعقله، فجن عقله بذلك وقوله تعالى: مُعَلَّمٌ مَجْنُونٌ [الدخان/ 14] ، أي: ضامّة من يعلمه من الجن، وكذلك قوله تعالى: أَإِنَّا لَتارِكُوا آلِهَتِنا لِشاعِرٍ مَجْنُونٍ [الصافات/ 36] ، وقيل:
جنّ التلاع والآفاق
أي: كثر عشبها حتى صارت كأنها مجنونة، وقوله تعالى: وَالْجَانَّ خَلَقْناهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ مِنْ نارِ السَّمُومِ
[الحجر/ 27] فنوع من الجنّ، وقوله تعالى: كَأَنَّها جَانٌّ [الــنمل/ 10] ، قيل:
ضرب من الحيّات.

جن

1 جَنَّهُ, (S, Mgh, K,) aor. ـُ (Mgh, TA,) inf. n. جَنٌّ, (TA,) It veiled, concealed, hid, covered, or protected, him; (S, Mgh, K;) said of the night; (S, K;) as also جَنَّ عَلَيْهِ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. جُنُونٌ, (S,) or جَنٌّ, (K,) or both; (TA;) so in the Kur vi. 76, meaning it veiled him, concealed him, or covered him, with its darkness; (Bd;) and ↓ اجنّهُ: (S, Msb, K:) or this last signifies he, or it, made, or prepared, for him, or gave him, that which should veil him, conceal him, &c. : accord. to Er-Rághib, the primary signification of جَنٌّ is the veiling, or concealing, &c., from the sense. (TA.) And جُنَّ عَنْهُ meansIt (anything) was veiled, concealed, or hidden, from him. (K.) b2: He concealed it; namely, a dead body; as also ↓ اجنّهُ: (S, TA:) or the latter, he wrapped it in grave-clothing: (K:) and he buried it. (TA.) And الشَّىْءَ فِى صَدْرِى ↓ أَجْنَنْتُ I concealed the thing in my bosom. (S.) and وَلَدًا ↓ أَجَنَّتْ, (S,) or جَنِينًا, (K,) said of a woman, (S,) or a pregnant female, (K,) She concealed [or enveloped in her womb a child, or an embryo, or a fœtus]. (TA.) A2: جَنَّ, aor. ـِ inf. n. جِنٌّ, It (an embryo, or a fœtus,) was concealed in the womb. (K.) b2: Also, [inf. n., probably, جِنٌّ and جُنُونٌ and جَنَانٌ, explained below,] It (the night) was, or became, dark. (Golius on the authority of Ibn-Maaroof.) A3: جُنَّ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. جُنُونٌ (S, K) and جِنَّةٌ (S) and جَنٌّ; (K;) and ↓ اُسْتُجِنٌّ, and ↓ تجنّن, and ↓ تجانّ; (K;) He (a man, S) was, or became, مَجْنُون [originally signifying possessed by a جِنِّىّ, or by جِنّ; possessed by a devil or demon; (see Bd li. 39;) and hence meaning bereft of reason; or mad, insane, unsound in mind or intellect, or wanting therein: the verbs may generally be rendered he was, or became, possessed; or mad, or insane]. (S, Msb, K.) b2: جُنَّ الذُّبَابُ, (S, A, TA,) inf. n. جُنُونٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) The flies made much buzzing: (S:) or made a gladsome buzzing in a meadow. (A, TA.) b3: جُنَّ النَّبْتُ, inf. n. جُنُونٌ, (tropical:) The herbage became tall, and tangled, or luxuriant, or abundant and dense, and put forth its flowers or blossoms: (S, TA:) or became thick and tall and full-grown, and blossomed. (M, TA.) And جُنَّتِ الأَرْضُ, (Fr, K,) inf. n. جُنُونٌ, (K,) (tropical:) The land produced pleasing herbage or plants: (Fr, TA:) or put forth its flowers and blossoms; as also ↓ تجنّنت. (K, TA.) 2 جَنَّّ see 4.4 أَجْنَ3َ see 1, in four places: A2: and see 8.

A3: Also اجنّهُ He (God) caused him to be, or become, مَجْنُون [originally signifying possessed by a جِنِّىّ, or by جِنّ; and hence generally meaning bereft of reason; or mad, insane, unsound in mind or intellect, or wanting therein]. (S, Msb, K.) [and so, vulgarly, ↓ جنّنهُ, whoever, or whatever, be the agent.] b2: ما اجنّهُ [How mad, or insane, &c., is he!] is anomalous, (Th, S,) being formed from a verb of the pass. form, namely, جُنَّ; (Th, TA;) for of the مَضْرُوب one should not say, مَا أَضْرَبَهُ; nor of the مَسْلُول should one say, مَا أَسَلَّهُ: (S:) Sb says that the verb of wonder is used in this case because it denotes want of intellect [which admits of degrees]. (TA.) A4: اجنّ also signifies وَقَعَ فِى مَجَنَّةٍ [app. meaning He fell into, or upon, a place containing, or abounding with, جِنّ]. (TA.) 5 تَجَنَّّ see 1, in two places. b2: تجنّن عَلَيْهِ, and ↓ تَجَانَنَ, (S, K,) and ↓ تَجَانَّ, (S,) He feigned himself مَجْنُون [i. e. possessed by a جِنِّىّ, or by جِنّ; and hence generally meaning bereft of reason; or mad, insane, &c.;] to him; (S, K;) not being really so. (TA.) 6 تَجَانَّ and تَجَانَنَ: see 1: b2: and see also 5.8 اجتنّ, (accord, to the S,) or ↓ اجنّ, (accord. to the K,) He was, or became, veiled, concealed, hidden, covered, or protected, or he veiled, concealed, hid, covered, or protected, himself, (S, K,) عَنْهُ from him, or it; (K;) as also ↓ استجن. (S, K.) You say, بِجُنَّةٍ ↓ استجن He was, or became, veiled, &c., or he veiled himself, &c., by a thing whereby he was veiled, &c. (S.) 10 إِسْتَجْنَ3َ see 8, in two places: A2: and see also 1.

A3: اِسْتِجْنَانٌ is also syn. with اِسْتِطْرَابٌ; (S, K;) استجنّهُ meaning استطربهُ, i. e. He excited him to mirth, joy, gladness, or sport. (TK.) جِنٌّ The darkness of night; as also ↓ جُنُونٌ and ↓ جَنَانُ, (K, TA,) the last [written in the CK جُنان, but it is] with fet-h: (TA:) or all signify its intense darkness: (TA:) or all, the confusedness of the darkness of night: (K:) [all, in these senses, are app. inf. ns.: (see 1:)] the last, ↓ جَنَانٌ, also signifies night [itself]: (K:) or [so in copies of the K, accord. to the TA, but in the CK “ and,”] the dense black darkness of night: (S, K:) and ↓ جُنُونٌ, the veiling, or concealing, or protecting, darkness of night. (ISk, S.) b2: Concealment: so in the phrase, لَا جِنَّ بِهٰذَا الأَمْرِ There is no concealment with this thing. (K, * TA.) One of the Hudhalees says, وَلَا جِنَّ بِالبَغْضَآءِ وَالنَّظَرِ الشَّزْرِ [And there is no concealment with vehement hatred and the looking with aversion]. (TA.) A2: [The genii; and sometimes the angels;] accord. to some, the spiritual beings that are concealed from the senses, or that conceal themselves from the senses; all of such beings; (Er-Rághib, TA;) the opposite of إِنْسٌ; (S, Mgh, Msb, Er-Rághib, TA;) thus comprising the angels; all of these being جِنّ; (Er-Rághib, TA;) thus called because they are feared but not seen: (S:) or, accord. to others, certain of the spiritual beings; for the spiritual beings are of three kinds; the good being the angels; and the evil being the devils (شَيَاطِين); and the middle kind, among whom are good and evil, being the جِنّ; as is shown by the first twelve verses of ch. lxxii. of the Kur: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or it here means intelligent invisible bodies, predominantly of the fiery, or of the aerial, quality: or a species of souls, or spirits, divested of bodies: or human souls separate from their bodies: (Bd:) or the جِنّ are the angels [exclusively]; (K;) these being so called in the Time of Ignorance, because they were concealed, or because they concealed themselves, from the eyes: so, accord. to some, in the Kur [xviii. 48], where it is said that Iblees was of the جِنّ: and so, as some say, in the Kur [vi. 100], where it is said that they called the جِنّ partners of God: (TA:) but some reject the explanation in the K, because the angels were created of light, and the جِنّ of fire; and the former do not propagate their kind, nor are they to be described as males and females; contrary to the case of the جِنّ; wherefore it is generally said that in the phrase [in the Kur xviii. 48, above mentioned] إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ كَانَ مِنَ الجِنِّ, what is excepted is disunited in kind from that from which the exception is made, or that Iblees had adopted the dispositions of the جِنّ: (MF, TA:) or, as some say, the جِنّ were a species of the angels, who were the guardians of the earth and of the gardens of Paradise: (TA:) ↓ جِنَّةٌ, also, signifies the same as جِنٌّ: (S, Msb, K:) so in the last verse of the Kur: (S:) in the Kur xxxvii. 158 meaning the angels, whom certain of the Arabs worshipped; (TA;) and whom they called the daughters of God: (Fr, TA:) a single individual of the جِنّ is called ↓ جِنِّىٌّ, [fem. with ة:] (S, TA:) and ↓ جَانٌّ, also, is syn. with جِنٌّ: (Msb:) or الجَانٌ means the father of the جِنّ; (S, Mgh, TA;) [i. e. any father of جِنّ; for] the pl. is جِنَّانٌ, like حِيطَانٌ pl. of حَائِطٌ: (S, TA:) so says El-Hasan: it is said in the T, on the authority of AA, that the جانّ is, or are, of the جِنّ: (TA:) or جَانٌّ is a quasi-pl. n. of جِنٌّ; (M, K;) like جَامِلٌ and بَاقِرٌ: (M, TA:) so in the Kur lv. 56 and 74: in reading the passage in the Kur lv. 39, 'Amr Ibn-'Obeyd pronounced it جَأَنٌ: (TA:) it is related that there were certain creatures called the جَانّ, who were upon the earth, and who acted corruptly therein, and shed blood, wherefore God sent angels who banished them from the earth; and it is said that these angels became the inhabitants of the earth after them. (Zj, TA.) بَاتَ فُلَانٌ ضَيْفَ جِنٍّ

[Such a one passed the night a guest of جنّ] means, in a desolate place, in which was no one that might cheer him by his society or converse. (TA.) The saying of Moosà Ibn-Jábir, فَمَا نَفَرَتْ جِنِّى وَلَا فُلَّ مِبْرَدِى

may mean And my companions, who were like the جِنّ, did not flee when I came to them and informed them, nor was my tongue, that is like the file, deprived of its sharp edge: or by his جنّ he means his familiar جنّ, such as were asserted to aid poets when difficulties befell them; and by his مبرد, his tongue: (Ham p. 182 [where other explanations are proposed; but they are far-fetched]:) or by his جنّ he means his heart; and by his مبرد, his tongue. (S.) The Arabs liken a man who is sharp and effective in affairs to a جِنِّىّ and a شَيْطَان: and hence they said, نَفَرَتْ جِنُّهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He became weak and abject. (Ham ubi suprà.) b2: The greater, main, or chief, part, or the main body, or bulk, of men, or of mankind; as also ↓ جَنَانٌ; (K;) because he who enters among them becomes concealed by them: (TA:) or the latter means the general assemblage, or collective body, of men: (IAar, S, * TA:) or what veils, conceals, covers, or protects, one, of a thing. (AA, TA.) b3: (tropical:) The flowers, or blossoms, of plants or herbage. (K, TA.) b4: (tropical:) The prime, or first part, of youth: (S, K, TA:) or the sharpness, or vigorousness, and briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness, thereof. (TA.) Yousay, كَانَ ذٰلِك فِى جِنِّ شَبَابِهِ (tropical:) That was in the prime, or first part, of his youth. (S, TA.) and أَفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرَ بِجِنِّ ذٰلِكَ (tropical:) I will do that thing in the time of the first and fresh state of that. (S, TA.) جِنٌّ may also signify (assumed tropical:) The madness, or insanity, of exultation, or of excessive exultation. (TA.) And one says, اِتّقِ النّاقَةَ فَإِنّهَا بِجِنِّ ضِرَامِهَا, meaning (assumed tropical:) Fear thou the she-camel, for she is in her evil temper on the occasion of her bringing forth. (TA.) b5: Also i. q. جدّ [app. جِدٌّ, as meaning (assumed tropical:) Seriousness, or earnestness]; because it is a thing that is an accompaniment of thought, or reflection, and is concealed by the heart. (TA.) جَنَّةٌ A [garden, such as is called] بُسْتَان: (S, Mgh:) or a garden, or walled garden, (حَدِيقَة, Msb, K,) of trees, or of palm-trees, (Msb,) or of palms and other trees: (K:) or only if containing palm-trees and grape-vines; otherwise, if containing trees, called حديقة: (Aboo-'Alee in the Tedhkireh, TA:) or any بستان having trees by which the ground is concealed: and sometimes concealing trees: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and palm-trees: (S:) or tall palm-trees: (Mgh:) or shadowing trees; because of the tangling, or luxuriousness of their branches; as though concealing at once what is beneath them: then a بستان; because of its dense and shadowing trees: (Bd in ii. 23:) or a بستان of palms and other trees, dense, and shadowing by the tangling, or luxuriousness, and denseness, of their branches; as though it were originally the inf. n. of un. of جَنَّهُ, and meaning “ a single act of veiling ” or “ concealing ” &c.: (Ksh ib.:) then, with the article ال, [Paradise,] the abode of recompense; because of the جِنَان therein; (Ksh and Bd ib.;) or because the various delights prepared therein for mankind are concealed in the present state of existence: (Bd ib.:) [and] hence الجَنَّاتُ [the gardens of Paradise], (so in a copy of the S,) or جَنَّاتُ عَدْنٍ [the gardens of continual abode]: (so in another copy of the S:) [for] the pl. of جَنَّةٌ is أَجِنَّةٌ (Mgh, Msb, K) and جِنَيْنَة (Msb, TA) and جُنَّةٌ, but this last is strange. (MF, TA.) [Dim. ↓ جُنَيْنَةٌ, vulgarly pronounced جِنَيْنَة, and applied to A garden; as though it were a little Paradise.]

جُنَّةٌ A thing by which a person is veiled, concealed, hidden, covered, or protected: an arm, or armour, with which one protects himself: (S:) anything protective: (K:) or coats of mail, and any defensive, or protective, arm or armour: (TA:) pl. جُنَنٌ. (S.) b2: A piece of cloth which a woman wears, covering the fore and kind parts of her head, but not the middle of it, and covering the face, and the two sides of the bosom, (K,) or, accord. to the M, the ornaments [حُلِىّ instead of جَنْبَى] of the bosom, (TA,) and having two eyeholes, like the بُرْقُع. (K.) جِنَّةٌ: see its syn. جِنٌّ: A2: and جُنُونٌ.

جَنَنٌ A grave; (S, K;) because it conceals the dead: (TA:) and so ↓ جَنِينٌ, of the measure فَعيلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b2: Grave-clothing; (K;) for the same reason. (TA.) b3: A garment that conceals the body. (TA.) [See also جَنَانٌ.]

A2: A dead body; (S, K;) because concealed in the grave; the word being of the measure فَعَلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, like نَفَضٌ in the sense of مَنْفُوضٌ. (TA.) جَنُنٌ: see جُنُونٌ.

جَنَانٌ: see جِنٌّ, first sentence, in two places: A2: and see the same in the latter part of the paragraph. b2: Also A garment: (K:) or a garment that conceals one; as in the saying, مَا عَلَىَّ جَنَانٌ إِلَّا مَا تَرَى [There is not upon me a garment that conceals me save what thou seest]. (S.) [See also جَنَنٌ.] b3: The حَرِيم [or surrounding adjuncts, or appertenances and conveniences,] (K, TA) of a house; because concealing the house. (TA.) b4: The interior of a thing that one does not see; (K;) because concealed from the eye. (TA.) b5: The heart; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) because concealed in the bosom; (T, M;) or because it holds things in memory: (M, TA:) or its رُوع [i. e. the heart's core, or the mind, or understanding, or intellect]; (K;) which is more deeply hidden: (TA:) and (sometimes, TA) the soul, or spirit; (IDrd, K;) because the body conceals it: (IDrd, TA:) pl. أَجْنَانٌ. (IJ, K.) You say, مَا يَسْتَقِرُّ جَنَانُهُ مِنَ الفَزَعِ [His heart does not rest in its place by reason of fright]. (TA.) b6: A secret and bad action. (TA. [Before the word rendered “ secret ” is another epithet, which is illegible.]) جُنَانٌ: see مِجَنٌّ: A2: and what here next follows.

جُنُونٌ: see جِنٌّ, first sentence, in two places.

A2: Also, inf. n. of جُنَّ; (S, K;) [originally signifying A state of possession by a جِنِّىِّ, or by جِنّ; diabolical, or demoniacal, possession; and hence meaning] loss of reason; or madness, insanity, or unsoundness in mind or intellect; (Mgh;) or deficiency of intellect: (Sb, TA:) [it may generally be rendered possession, or insanity:] ↓ جُنُنٌ is a contraction thereof; (S, K;) or accord. to some, an original form: (MF, TA:) and ↓ جَنَّةٌ, also, (an inf. n. and a simple subst., S,) signifies the same as جُنُونٌ: (S, Msb, K:) as also ↓ مَجَنَّةٌ, (S, K,) and ↓ جُنَانٌ, but this last is vulgar. (TA.) b2: Also Persistence in evil; and pursuance of a headlong, or rash, course. (Ham p. 14.) جَنِينٌ Anything veiled, concealed, hidden, or covered: (K:) applied as an epithet even to rancour, or malice. (TA.) b2: Buried; deposited in a grave. (IDrd, S.) b3: An embryo; a fœtus; the child, or young, in the belly; (S Msb, K;) [i. e.,] in the womb: (Mgh:) pl. أَجِنَّةٌ (S, Msb, K) and أَجْنُنٌ. (ISd, K.) b4: And the former of these pls., Waters choked up with earth. (TA.) A2: See also جَنَنٌ. b2: Also The vulva. (TA.) جُنَانَةٌ: see مِجَنٌّ.

جَنِينَةٌ, accord. to the copies of the K, but in the M ↓ جِنِّيَّةٌ, (TA,) A [garment of the kind called]

مِطْرَف, (K, TA,) of a round form, (TA,) like the طَيْلَسَان, (K, TA,) worn by women: (TA:) in the T, said to be certain well-known garments. (TA.) جُنَيْنَةٌ: see جنَّةٌ, last sentence.

جِنِّىٌّ Of, or relating to, the جِنّ, or جِنَّة. (K.) b2: See جِنٌّ. In the saying, وَيْحَكِ يَا جِنِّىَّ هَلْ بَدَا لَكِ

أَنْ تُرْجِعِى عَقْلِى فَقَدْ أَنَى لَكِ [Mercy on thee! O Jinneeyeh, جِنِّىَّ being for جِنِّيَّةُ,) doth it appear fit to thee that thou shouldst restore my reason? for the time hath come for thee to do so], a woman resembling a جِنِّيَّة is meant, either because of her beauty, or in her changeableness. (TA.) A2: The tallness, or length and height, of a camel's hump. (TA.) جِنِّيَّةٌ [fem. of جِنِّىٌّ, q. v. ]

A2: See also جَنِينَةٌ جِنْجِنٌ and جَنْجَنٌ and ↓ جِنْجِنَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ جِنْجَنَةٌ (K) and (as some say, TA) ↓ جُنْجُونٌ (K) are sings. of جَنَاجِنُ, which signifies The bones of the breast: (S, K:) or the heads of the ribs of men and of others: (M, TA:) or the extremities of the ribs, next the sternum. (T, TA.) جَنْجَنَةٌ: see what next precedes.

جُنْجُونٌ: see what next precedes.

جَانٌّ: see جِنٌّ. b2: Also A white serpent: (Lth, S, Msb:) or a small white serpent: (Mgh:) or a great serpent: (Zj, TA:) or a species of serpent (AA, M, K) having black-bordered eyes, (M, K,) inclining to yellow, (M, TA,) harmless, and abounding in houses: (M, K:) pl. جَوَانُّ, (AA, TA,) or جِنَّانٌ. (TA.) أَجِنَّكَ كَذَا i. q. مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّكَ [Because that thou art thus]; (S, K;) from which it is contracted by suppressing the ل and ا and transferring the kesreh of the ل to the ا (S.) A poet says, أَجِنَّكِ عِنْدِى أَحْسَنُ النَّاسِ كُلِّهِمْ [Because that thou art in my estimation the goodliest of all mankind]. (S.) The مِنْ is omitted as in the phrase فَعَلْتُهُ أَجْلَكَ for مِنْ أَجْلِكَ. (Ks, TA.) تَجْنِينٌ [an inf. n. used as a simple subst.,] What is said by the جِنّ [or genii]: or, accord. to Es-Sukkaree, strange, uncouth speech or language, difficult to be understood. (TA.) مُجَنٌّ: see مَجْنُونٌ.

مِجَنٌّ A shield; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) because the owner conceals, or protects, himself with it; (Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ مِجَنَّةٌ (Lh, K) and ↓ جُنَانٌ and ↓ جُنَانَةٌ: (K:) pl. مَجَانُّ. (S, Msb.) Sb held it to be of the measure فِعَلٌّ, from مجن; but his opinion is opposed by the fact that the word is of the form which is significant of an instrument, by the doubling of the ن, and by the syns. جنان and جنانة. (MF, TA.) It is said in a trad., that the hand [of a thief] shall not be cut off save for the value of a مِجَنّ; which in the time of the Prophet was a deenár, or ten dirhems; for this is the lowest amount for which that punishment is to be inflicted. (Mgh.) You say, قَلَبَ مِجَنَّهُ [He turned his shield], meaning (tropical:) He dropped shame, and did what he pleased: or he became absolute master of his affair, or case. (K, TA.) And قَلَبْتُ لَهُ ظَهْرَ المِجَنِّ [I turned towards him the outer side of the shield], meaning (assumed tropical:) I became hostile to him after reconciliation. (Har p. 265.) b2: Also A [woman's ornament such as is commonly called] وِشَاح (Az, K.) مَجَنَّةٌ A place in which one is veiled, concealed, hidden, covered, or protected; or in which one veils, conceals, hides, covers, or protects, himself. (S.) b2: A land having in it جِنّ: (S:) or abounding with جِنّ. (K.) A2: See also جُنُونٌ.

مِجَنَّةٌ: see مِجَنٌّ.

مَجْنُونٌ [Possessed by جِنِّىّ, or by جِنّ, or by a devil, or demon; a demoniac: (see Bd li. 39:) and hence meaning bereft of reason; or mad, insane, unsound in mind or intellect, or wanting therein: (see جُنُونٌ:) it may generally be rendered possessed; or mad, or insane:] part. n. of جُنَّ: (Msb:) or anomalously used as pass. part. n. of أَجَنَّهُ: (S, * K, * TA:) one should not say ↓ مُجَنٌّ: (S, TA:) [pl. مَجَانِينُ.] b2: نَخْلَةٌ مَجْنُونَةٌ (tropical:) A tall palm-tree: (S, K, TA:) pl. مَجَانِينُ. (S, TA.) And نَبْتٌ مَجْنُونٌ (tropical:) A plant, or herbage, that is tangled, or luxuriant, or abundant and dense, in part, and strong. (TA.) And أَرْضٌ مَجْنُونَةٌ (assumed tropical:) Land producing much herbage, that has not been depastured. (TA. [See also what next follows.]) أَرْضٌ مَتَجَنِّنَةٌ (tropical:) Land having much herbage, so that it extends in every way. (K, TA.) مَنْجَنُونٌ and مَنْجَنِينٌ: see art. منجن
الْجِيم وَالنُّون

جنّ الشيءَ يجُنّه جَنّا: ستره.

وكل شَيْء ستر عَنْك: فقد جُنّ عَنْك.

وجَنّه اللَّيْل يجُنّه جَنّا، وجُنُونا، وجَنّ عَلَيْهِ وأجَنّه: ستره. وجِنُّ اللَّيْل، وجُنُونه، وجَنَانه: شدَّة ظلمته.

وَقيل: اخْتِلَاط ظلامه؛ لِأَن ذَلِك كُله سَاتِر، قَالَ الْهُذلِيّ:

حَتَّى يَجِيء وجِنُّ اللَّيْل يُوغِله ... والشَّوْكُ فِي وَضَح الرِّجْلين مَرْكوزُ

ويروى: " وجِنْحُ اللَّيْل "، وَقَالَ دُرَيْد:

وَلَوْلَا جَنَان اللَّيْل أدْرك خيلُنا ... بِذِي الرِّمْث والأَرْطى عِياضَ بن ناشِب

ويروى: " وَلَوْلَا جُنُون اللَّيْل " وَحكي عَن ثَعْلَب: الجَنَان: اللَّيْل.

وجَن الْمَيِّت جَنّاً، وأجنَه: ستره.

وَقَوله:

وَلَا شَمْطَاء لم يتْرك شقاها ... لَهَا من تِسْعَة إلاّ جَنينا

فسره ابْن دُرَيْد فَقَالَ: يَعْنِي مَدْفُونا: أَي قد مَاتُوا كلهم فجنُّوا.

والجَنَن: الْقَبْر لستره الْمَيِّت.

والجَنَن، أَيْضا: الْكَفَن لذَلِك.

وأجَنّه: كَفنه، قَالَ:

مَا إِن أُبَالِي إِذا مَا متّ مَا فعلوا ... أأَحْسنُوا جَنَني أم لم يُجِنّوني؟؟؟

والجَنَان: الْقلب؛ لاستتاره فِي الصَّدْر. وَقيل: لوعيه الْأَشْيَاء وضمه لَهَا.

وَقيل: الجَنَان: روع الْقلب، وَذَلِكَ اذْهَبْ فِي الخفاء. وَرُبمَا سمي الرّوح جَنَانا؛ لِأَن الْجِسْم يَجنَّه.

وَقَالَ ابْن دُرَيْد: سميت الرّوح جَنَانا؛ لِأَن الْجِسْم يجنّها فأنث الرّوح.

وَالْجمع: أَجنان، عَن ابْن جني.

وأَجَنَّ عَنهُ، واستَجَنّ: استتر.

والجنِين: الْوَلَد مَا دَامَ فِي بطن أمه لاستتاره فِيهِ.

وَجمعه: أجِنَّة، وأَجْنُن؛ بِإِظْهَار التَّضْعِيف.

وَقد جَنّ الجَنينُ فِي الرَّحِم يَجِنّ جَنّا، وأجنَتَّه الْحَامِل، وَقَول الفرزدق:

إِذا غَابَ نصرانيّه فِي جَنينها ... أهلَّت بحجّ فَوق ظهر العُجَارِم

عَنى بذلك رَحمهَا لِأَنَّهَا مستترة. ويروى:

إِذا غَابَ نصرانيّه فِي حَنِيفها

يَعْنِي بالنصراني: ذكر الْفَاعِل لَهَا من النَّصَارَى. وبحنيفها: حرهَا، وَإِنَّمَا جعله حَنِيفا، لِأَنَّهُ جُزْء مِنْهَا وَهِي حنيفَة. وَقَوله أنْشدهُ ابْن الْأَعرَابِي:

وجَهَرتْ أجِنَّةً لم تُجْهَرِ

يَعْنِي: الأمواه المندفنة. يَقُول: وَردت هَذِه الْإِبِل المَاء فكسحته حَتَّى لم تدع مِنْهُ شَيْئا لقلته.

يُقَال: جَهَر الْبِئْر: نزحها.

والمِجَنّ: التُّرس، وَأرى اللحياني قد حكى فِيهِ المِجَنَّة، وَجعله سِيبَوَيْهٍ " فعلا " وَسَيَأْتِي ذكره.

وقلب فلَان مِجَنّه: أَي أسقط الْحيَاء وَفعل مَا شَاءَ.

وقلب أَيْضا مجَنَّه: ملك أمره واستبد بِهِ، قَالَ الفرزدق:

كَيفَ تراني قالِبا مِجَنِّي ... أقِلب أَمْرِي ظَهْرَه للبطن

والجُنَّة: مَا واراك من السِّلَاح. وَقيل كل مَسْتُور: جَنِين، حَتَّى انهم ليقولون: حقد جَنين وضغن جَنين، أنْشد ابْن الْأَعرَابِي:

ويُزَمِّلون جَنينَ الضِّغن بَينهم ... والضِّغنُ أسودُ أوْفى وَجهه كَلَفُ

يزملون: يسترون ويخفون.

والجَنِين: المستور فِي نُفُوسهم. يَقُول: فهم يجتهدون فِي ستره وَلَيْسَ نستر، وَقَوله: الضغن أسود، يَقُول: هُوَ بَين ظَاهر فِي وُجُوههم.

والجُنَّة: الدِّرْع.

وكل مَا وقاك جُنَّة.

والجُنَّة: خرقَة تلبسها النِّسَاء فتغطي رَأسهَا مَا قبل مِنْهُ وَمَا دبر غير وَسطه، ويغطى الْوَجْه وحلي الصَّدْر، وَفِيه عينان مجوبتان مثل عَيْني البرقع.

وجِنّ النَّاس، وجَنَانهم: معظمهم لِأَن الدَّاخِل فيهم يسْتَتر بهم، قَالَ:

جَنان الْمُسلمين أودّ مسًّا ... وَلَو جاورتِ أسلم أَو غِفارا

والجِنّ نوع من الْعَالم، سموا بذلك لاجتنانهم عَن الْأَبْصَار.

وَالْجمع: جِنّان، وهم الجِنَّة، وَفِي التَّنْزِيل: (ولقد علمت الجِنّة) .

والجِنِّىّ: مَنْسُوب إِلَى الجِنّ أَو الجِنَّة، وَقَوله:

وَيْحَكِ يَا جِنِّيَّ هَل بدا لكِ ... أَن تَرْجعي عَقْلي فقد أنَى لكِ

إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ: امْرَأَة كالجِنَية، إِمَّا فِي جمَالهَا، وَإِمَّا فِي تلونها وابتدالها، وَلَا تكون الجِنّيَّة هُنَا منسوبة إِلَى الجِنّ الَّذِي هُوَ خلاف الْإِنْس حَقِيقَة لِأَن هَذَا الشَّاعِر المتغزل بهَا إنسي، والإنسي لَا يتعشّق جِنّيّة، وَقَول بدر بن عَامر:

وَلَقَد نطقتُ قوافيا إنسِيَّة ... وَلَقَد نطقتُ قوافيَ التَّجْنِين

أَرَادَ بالإنسية الَّتِي يَقُولهَا الْإِنْس، والتجنينُ: مَا يَقُوله الجنّ. وَقَالَ السكرِي: أَرَادَ الْغَرِيب الوحشي.

والجِنَّة: طائف الجِنّ. وَقد جُنّ جَنّا، وجُنونا، واستُجِنّ، قَالَ مليح الْهُذلِيّ:

فَلم أر مثلي يُسْتَجَنّ صَبَابة ... من البَيْن أَو يبكي إِلَى غير وَاصل

وتجنَّن، وتجانَّ، وأجَنَّه الله فَهُوَ مَجْنُون، على غير قِيَاس؛ وَذَلِكَ لأَنهم يَقُولُونَ: جُنَّ، فَبنِي الْمَفْعُول من أجَنَّه الله على هَذَا، وَقَالُوا: مَا أجَنَّه.

قَالَ سِيبَوَيْهٍ: وَقع التَّعَجُّب مِنْهُ بِمَا أَفعلهُ وَإِن كَانَ كالحلق لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بلون فِي الْجَسَد وَلَا بخلقة فِيهِ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ من نُقْصَان الْعقل.

وَقَالَ ثَعْلَب: جُنّ، الرجل وَمَا أجَنَّه، فجَاء بالتعجب من صِيغَة فعل الْمَفْعُول، وَإِنَّمَا التَّعَجُّب من صِيغَة الْفَاعِل. وَقد قدمت أَن هَذَا وَنَحْوه شَاذ.

والمَجَنَّة: الجِنّ.

وَأَرْض مَجَنَّة: كَثِيرَة الجنّ، وَقَوله:

على مَا أَنَّهَا هزِئت وَقَالَت ... هَنُون أجَنَّ مَنْشأ ذَا قريبُ

أجَنّ: وَقع فِي مَجَنَّة. وَقَوله: " هنون " أَرَادَ: يَا هنون. وَقَوله: منشأ ذَا قريب أَرَادَت: أَنه صَغِير السن تهزأ بِهِ " وَمَا " زَائِدَة: أَي على أَنَّهَا هزئت.

والجانّ: أَبُو الجِن.

والجانّ: الجِنّ، وَهُوَ اسْم جمع كالجامل والباقر، وَفِي التَّنْزِيل: (لم يطمثهن إنْسٌ قبلهم وَلَا جانّ) وَقَرَأَ عَمْرو بن العبيد (فَيَوْمئِذٍ لَا يُسْأل عَن ذَنبه إنسٌ وَلَا جَأنّ) بتحريك الْألف وقلبها همزَة، وَهَذَا على قِرَاءَة أَيُّوب السّخْتِيَانِيّ: (ولَا الضَألِّين) وعَلى مَا حَكَاهُ أَبُو زيد عَن أبي الْأَصْبَغ وَغَيره: شأبة ومأدة، وَقَول الراجز:

خاطِمَها زَأمَّها أَن تَذْهَبا

وَقَوله:

وجُلُّه حَتَّى ابيأضَّ مَلْبَبُه وعَلى مَا انشده أَبُو عَليّ لكثير:

وَأَنت ابنَ ليلى خيرُ قَوْمك مَشْهدا ... إِذا مَا احمأرَّت بالعبِيط العوامل

وَقَول عمرَان بن حِطَّان الحروري:

قد كنت عندكَ حولا لَا تروّعني ... فِيهِ روائعُ من إنس وَلَا جانِي

إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ: من إنس وَلَا جانّ فأبدل النُّون الثَّانِيَة يَاء.

وَقَالَ ابْن جني: بل حذف النُّون الثَّانِيَة تَخْفِيفًا.

وَقَالَ أَبُو إِسْحَاق فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى: (أَتجْعَلُ فِيهَا منْ يفسدُ فِيهَا ويَسْفِكُ الدماءَ) : روى أَن خلقا يُقَال لَهُم الجانّ كَانُوا فِي الأَرْض فأفسدوا فِيهَا وسفكوا الدِّمَاء، فَبعث الله مَلَائِكَة أجلتهم من الأَرْض.

وَقيل: إِن هَؤُلَاءِ الْمَلَائِكَة صَارُوا سكان الأَرْض بعد الجانّ. فَقَالُوا: يَا رَبًّا أَتجْعَلُ من يفْسد فِيهَا ويسفك الدِّمَاء.

والجانّ: ضرب من الْحَيَّات أكحل الْعَينَيْنِ يضْرب إِلَى الصُّفْرَة لَا يُؤْذِي. وَهُوَ فِي بيُوت النَّاس.

وَقَالَ سِيبَوَيْهٍ: وَالْجمع: جِنَّان، وَقَالَ الخطفي جد جرير يصف إبِلا:

أعناقَ جِنّان وهاماً رُجَّفاً ... وعَنَقاً بعد الرَّسِيم خيْطَفَا

وَكَانَ أهل الْجَاهِلِيَّة يسمون الْمَلَائِكَة عَلَيْهِم السَّلَام جِنّا لاستتارهم عَن الْعُيُون، قَالَ الْأَعْشَى يذكر سُلَيْمَان عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام:

وسَخَّر من جِنِّ الملائك تِسعةً ... قيَاما لَدَيْهِ يعْملُونَ بِلَا اجْرِ

وَقد قيل فِي قَوْله: (إِلَّا إِبْلِيس كَانَ من الجِنّ) : إِنَّه عَنى الْمَلَائِكَة. وَلَا جن بِهَذَا الْأَمر: أَي لَا خَفَاء، قَالَ الْهُذلِيّ:

وَلَا جِنّ بالبغضاء والنَّظر الشَّزْر

فَأَما قَول الْهُذلِيّ:

أَجِنِّي كلَّما ذُكِرَتْ كُلَيْبُ ... أبِيتُ كأنِني أُكْوَى بجَمْر

فَقيل: أَرَادَ: بجِدّي. وَذَلِكَ أَن لفظ " ج ن " إِنَّمَا هُوَ مَوْضُوع للستر على مَا قدمْنَاهُ. وَإِنَّمَا عبر عَنهُ بجدي لِأَن الْجد مِمَّا يلابس الْفِكر ويُجِنّه الْقلب فَكَأَن النَّفس مُجِنَّة لَهُ ومنطوية عَلَيْهِ.

وجِنُّ الشَّبَاب: أَوله.

وَقيل: جِدَّته ونشاطه.

وجِنّ المرح: كَذَلِك، فَأَما قَوْله:

لَا ينفُخُ التقريبُ مِنْهُ الأبهرا ... إِذا عَرَتْهُ جِنُّهُ وأبطرا

فقد يجوز أَن يكون جُنُون مرحه، وَقد يكون الجِنّ هُنَا هَذَا النَّوْع الْمُسْتَتر عَن الْعَالم أَي كَأَن الجِنّ تستحثه، ويقويه قَوْله: " عَرَتْه "؛ لِأَن جِنّ المرح لَا يؤنث، إِنَّمَا هُوَ كجنونه.

وخذه بجِنّه: أَي بحدثانه، قَالَ المتنخل الْهُذلِيّ:

أرْوَى بجِنّ الْعَهْد سَلْمى وَلَا ... يُنْصِبْك عَهْدُ الملقِ الحُوَّل

وجِنُّ النبت زهره ونوره.

وَقد تجنَّنَت الارض، وجُنَّت جُنُونا، قَالَ:

كُوم تظاهرِنيُّها لمّا رعت ... رَوْضا بِعَيْهمَ والحِمَى مَجْنُونا

وَقيل: جُنّ النبت جُنُونا: غلظ واكتهل.

وَقَالَ أَبُو حنيفَة: نَخْلَة مَجْنُونَة: إِذا طَالَتْ، وانشد: عجاجَةً ساطعة العثانينْ

تنفض مَا فِي السُّحُق المجانين قَالَ: وَقَالَ أَبُو خيرة: أَرض مَجْنُونَة: معشبة لم يرعها أحد.

والجَنَّة: الحديقة ذَات الشّجر وَالنَّخْل.

وَجَمعهَا: جِنَان، وفيهَا تَخْصِيص، وَقد ابْنَته فِي الْكتاب الْمُخَصّص.

وَقَالَ أَبُو عَليّ فِي التَّذْكِرَة: لَا تكون الجَنَّة فِي كَلَام الْعَرَب إِلَّا وفيهَا نخيل وعنب. فَإِن لم يكن فِيهَا ذَلِك وَكَانَت ذَات شجر فَهِيَ حديقة وَلَيْسَت بجَنَّة. وَقَوله، انشده ابْن الْأَعرَابِي وَزعم أَنه للبيد:

دَري باليَسَارَي جَنّةً عَبْقريَّة ... مُسَطَّعةَ الأعناقِ بُلْق القَوادم

قَالَ: يَعْنِي بالجَنَّة: إبِلا كالبستان، ومسطعة: من السطاع: وَهِي سمة فِي الْعُنُق، وَقد تقدم.

وَعِنْدِي: أَنه " جِنَّة " بِالْكَسْرِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ قد وَصفه بعبقرية: أَي إبِلا مثل الجِنَّة فِي حدتها ونفارها، على أَنه لَا يبعد الأول، وَإِن وصفهَا بالعبقرية؛ لِأَنَّهُ لما جعلهَا جنَّة استجاز أَن يصفها بالعبقرية.

وَقد يجوز أَن يَعْنِي بِهِ مَا اخْرُج الرّبيع من ألوانها وأوبارها وَجَمِيل شارتها وَقد قيل: كل جيد عبقري، فَإِذا كَانَ ذَلِك فَجَائِز أَن تُوصَف بِهِ الجَنَّة، وَأَن تُوصَف بِهِ الجِنَّة.

والجِنّيَّة: مطرف مدور على خلقَة الطيلسان يلبسهَا النِّسَاء.

ومَجَنَّة: مَوضِع، قَالَ:

وَهل أرِدَنْ يَوْمًا مياه مَجَنَّة ... وَهل يَبدون لي شامة وطَفِيل

وَكَذَلِكَ: مِجَنَّة، وَهِي على أَمْيَال من مَكَّة، وَقَالَ أَبُو ذُؤَيْب:

فَوَافى بهَا عُسفان ثمَّ أَتَى بهَا ... مَجَنَّة تصفو فِي القِلاَل وَلَا تغِلي قَالَ ابْن جني: تحْتَمل مَجَنَّة وزنين. أَحدهمَا: أَن تكون " مَفْعَلة " من الْجُنُون؛ كَأَنَّهَا سميت بذلك لشَيْء يتَّصل بالجِنّ أَو بالجِنَّة، اعني الْبُسْتَان أَو مَا هَذِه سَبيله. وَالْآخر: أَن تكون " فَعَلَّة " من مَجَن يَمْجُن، كَأَنَّهَا سميت بذلك لِأَن ضربا من المُجُون كَانَ بهَا، هَذَا مَا توجبه صَنْعَة علم الْعَرَب، قَالَ: فَأَما لأي الْأَمريْنِ وَقعت التَّسْمِيَة فَذَاك أَمر طَرِيقه الْخَبَر.

وَكَذَلِكَ: الجُنَيْنَة، قَالَ:

ممَّا يَضُمُّ إِلَى عمرَان حاطبُه ... من الجُنَيْنَة جَزْلاً غير مَوْزُون

والجَنَاجِن: عِظَام الصَّدْر.

وَقيل: رُءُوس الأضلاع، يكون ذَلِك للنَّاس وَغَيرهم، قَالَ الأسعر الْجعْفِيّ:

لَكِن قَعِيدةُ بيتنا مجفوَّة ... بادٍ جَنَاجِنُ صَدْرِها وَلها غِنَى

وَقَالَ الْأَعْشَى:

أثَّرت فِي جناجن كإران ال ... مَيْت عولِين فَوق عُوج رِسَال

وَاحِدهَا: جِنْجِن، وجَنْجَن، وَحَكَاهُ الْفَارِسِي بِالْهَاءِ وَغير الْهَاء.

وَقيل: وَاحِدهَا جُنْجُون.

شب

Entries on شب in 5 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Al-Khalīl b. Aḥmad al-Farāhīdī, Kitāb al-ʿAin, Al-Ṣāḥib bin ʿAbbād, Al-Muḥīṭ fī l-Lugha, Arabic-English Lexicon by Edward William Lane, and 2 more
شب:
[في الانكليزية] Night
[ في الفرنسية] Nuit
بالفارسية تعني الليل. وهو عند الصوفية عالم العمى وعالم الجبروت. وهذا العالم بمثابة خط ممتد بين عالم الخلق وعالم الربوبية. وليلة القدر يعنون بها بقاء السالك في عين استهلاكه بوجود الحق.

وشب بار: نهاية الأنوار التي هي السواد الأعظم. ويقول في كشف اللغات شب رو:

(بالفارسية: الساهر ليلا) وهي في اصطلاح السالكين كناية عن قيام الليل، وإحياء السالك ليله بالعبادة.
باب الشين والباء ش ب، ب ش يستعملان

شب: الشَّبُّ: حجارة منها الزاج وأشباهه، وأجودها ما جلب من اليمن، وهو شب أبيض، له بصيص شديد. وشبه: اسم رجل، وكذلك شبيب، ويجوز [استعمال] شبة في موضع شابة والشبيبة: الشباب. والشباب و [الشبان] : جماعة الشاب.. شب يشب شباباً، ويشب الفرس شبوبا إذا رفع يديه معاً.. والشبوب والشبب: الفتي من ثيران الوحش، قال ذو الرمة :

أذاك أم نمش بالوشم أكرعة ... مسفع الخد غاد ناشط شبب

والنار تشبها شبا، أي: توقدها، وكذلك الحرب.

بش: البش: اللطف في المسألة، والإقبال على أخيك، تقول: بششت بشا وبشاشة. ورجل هش بش. والبشيش: الوجه، يقال: رجل مضيء البشيش، أي: مضيء الوجه.
شب: الشَّبُ: حِجَارَةُ الزّاجِ. وشَبَّةُ: اسْمُ رَجُلٍ. وكذلك شَبِيْبٌ. والشَّبِيْبَةُ: الشَّبَابُ، شَبَّ يَشِبُ شَبَاباً. والشَّبَابُ: جَمَاعَةُ الشُّبَانِ، وكذلك الشَّبَبَةُ: وامْرَأَةٌ شَبَّةٌ: أي شابَّةٌ. وأشَبَّ فلانٌ بَنِيْنَ: إذا شَبَّ له بَنُونَ. والمُشِبُّ: الذي له أولادٌ شَبَابٌ. ويقولون: هذا رَجُلٌ شَب في اسْتِه: إذا كانَ فَسْلاً. وهو على خُلُقٍ مذْ شُبٍّ إلى دُبٍّ. و " أعْيَيْتَني من شُبٍّ إلى دُبٍّ ". ولَقَيْتُه في شَبَابِ النَّهَارِ: أي في وَجْهِه وأوَّلِه. والفَرَشُ يَشِبُّ ويَشُبّ شُبُوْبا وشِبَاباً وشَبِيباً: إذا رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ جَميعاً. والشَّبَابُ في الدَّوَابِّ عَيْبٌ. والشُّبُوْبُ والشَّبَبُ والمُشِبُّ: الفَتِيُّ من ثِيْرَانِ الوَحْشِ. وهي من الغَنَمِ: السَّمِيْنَة السَاحُّ. وشَبَّ النّارَ والحَرْبَ يَشُبُّ شَبّاً وشُبُوْباً: أي أوْقَدَهما. وأشَبَّ اللَّهُ لي كذا: أي أطْرَأَه عليه من غَيْرِ أنْ يَحْتَسِبَه. وشَآبِيبُ الشَّمْسِ: طَرَائِقُها إذا طَلَعتِ الشَّمْسُ. والشُّؤْبُوْبُ: شِدَّةُ حَرِّها. وإنَّها لَحَسَنَةُ شَآبِيْبِ الوَجْهِ: أي بَرِيْقِه. والمَشْبُوْبُ: الحَسَنُ الوَجْهِ. ويُقال للنَّجْمِ المُضِيْءِ: مَشْبُوْبٌ. والمَشْبُوْبَتَانِ: الزُّهَرَتَانِ. وهذا شَبُوْبٌ لِكَذا: أي يَزِيْدُ في حُسْنِه. ويَشُبُّه: يُزَيِّنُه. والمَشْبُوْبُ: المُحَدَّدِ. والشَّبَابُ: تَشْبِيْبُكَ في أوَّلِ القَصِيدَةِ بالنِّساءِ. وعَسَلٌ شَبَابِيٌّ: مَنْسُوْبٌ إلى بَني شَبَابَةَ قَوْمٍ بالطائف.
الشين وَالْبَاء

الشَّبَاب: الفتاء.

شَبّ يَشِبُّ شَبَابا. وَالِاسْم: الشَّبَيبة. وَرجل شابّ، وَالْجمع: شُبَّان، سِيبَوَيْهٍ: أجْرى مجْرى الِاسْم نَحْو حاجر وحجران، والشباب: اسْم للْجمع، قَالَ:

وَلَقَد غَدَوتُ بسابح مَرح ... ومَعِي شباب كُلُّهمْ أخْيَل

وَامْرَأَة شابَّة من نسْوَة شوَابّ زعم الْخَلِيل أَنه سمع أَعْرَابِيًا فصيحا يَقُول: إِذا بلغ الرجل سِتِّينَ وإيا الشوابِّ.

وَحكى ابْن الْأَعرَابِي: رجل شّبّ، وَامْرَأَة شَبَّة يَعْنِي: من الشَّبَاب.

وأشَبّ الرجل: أَي شَبّ وَلَده.

وقدح شابّ: حَدِيد كَمَا قَالُوا فِي ضِدّه: قدح هرم، وَفِي الْمثل: " أعييتني من شُبِّ إِلَى دب " وَمن شُبٍّ إِلَى دُبٍّ على الْحِكَايَة أَي من لدن شَبَبْتَ إِلَى أَن دببت على الْعَصَا، يُقَال ذَلِك للرجل وَالْمَرْأَة " وَمَا زَالَ على خلق وَاحِد شُبّ إِلَى دُبّ ". قَالَ:

قَالَت لَهَا أُخْت لَهَا نَصَحت ... رُدّي فؤاد الهائم الصَّبِّ

قَالَت ولِمْ قَالَت أَذاك وَقد ... عُلِّقتكم شُبّاً إِلَى دُبِّ

وَقد تقدم شرح بِنَاء هَذَا الْموضع وَإِعْرَابه فِي الْمُخَصّص.

وجئتك فِي شباب النَّهَار، وبشباب نَهَار، عَن اللحياني: أَي أَوله.

والشَّبَب، والشَّبُوب، والمُشِبّ، كُله: الشابّ من الثيران وَالْغنم.

وَقيل: هُوَ الَّذِي انْتهى تَمَامه وذكاؤه مِنْهُمَا.

وَقيل: هُوَ المسن.

وَالْأُنْثَى: شَبُوب، بِغَيْر هَاء.

وشبَّب بِالْمَرْأَةِ: قَالَ فِيهَا الْغَزل.

وشبَّ النَّار يشُبُّها شَباًّ، وشُبُوبا، وأشَبَّها: أوقدها.

وَكَذَلِكَ: الْحَرْب، وشبَّت هِيَ تَشِبّ شَباًّ وشُبُوبا.

وشَبَّةُ النَّار: اشتعالها.

والشِّباب، والشَّبُوب: مَا شُبَّ بِهِ.

قَالَ أَبُو حنيفَة: حُكيَ عَن أبي عَمْرو بن الْعَلَاء أَنه قَالَ: شُبَّت النَّار، وشَبَّت هِيَ نَفسهَا، قَالَ: وَلَا يُقَال: شابَّة، وَلَكِن مَشْبُوبة.

وَرجل مَشْبوب: جميل كَأَنَّهُ أوقد، قَالَ ذُو الرمة:

إِذا الأروع المشبوب أضحى كَأَنَّهُ ... على الرَّحْلِ مِمَّا منّه السَّيْرُ أَحمَق

وَمِنْه قَول بعض نسَاء الْعَرَب: كنت احسن من النَّار الموقدة.

والمشبوبتان: الشِّعْريان لاتقاد وقتهما.

أنْشد ثَعْلَب:

وعَنْسٍ كألواح الإرَان نَسَأتُها ... إِذا قيل للمشبوبين هُمَا هُمَا

وشبَّ لون الْمَرْأَة خمار اسود لبسته: أَي زَاد فِي بياضها ولونها، فحسنها، لِأَن الضِّدّ يزِيد فِي ضِدّه، ويبدي مَا خفى مِنْهُ، وَلذَلِك قَالُوا:

وبضدّ

هاتيَّينُ

الْأَشْيَاء

قَالَ رجل من طَيء جاهلي:

معلنكِس شَبَّ لَهَا لونَها ... كَمَا يَشُبُّ البدرَ لونُ الظلام

يَقُول: كَمَا يظْهر لون الْبَدْر فِي اللَّيْلَة الْمظْلمَة.

وَهَذَا شَبُوب لهَذَا: أَي يزِيد فِيهِ ويحسنه.

وشَبّ الْفرس يشُبّ، ويشِبّ شِبابا، وشَبِيبا، وشُبُوبا: رفع يَدَيْهِ.

وَقَالَ ثَعْلَب: الشّبِيب: الَّذِي تجوز رِجْلَاهُ يَدَيْهِ وَهُوَ عيب. وَالصَّحِيح: الشئيت. وَسَيَأْتِي ذكره.

وأُشِبَّ لي الرجل: إِذا رفعت طرفك فرأيته من غير أَن ترجوه أَو تحتسبه.

والشَّبّ: ارْتِفَاع كل شَيْء.

وشَبَّ ذَا زيد: أَي حبذا، حَكَاهُ ثَعْلَب.

والشَّبُّ: حِجَارَة يتَّخذ مِنْهَا الزاج وأشباهه، وأجوده مَا جلب من الْيمن، وَهُوَ شب أَبيض لَهُ بصيص، قَالَ:

أَلا لَيْت عمّي يَوْم فرَّق بَيْننَا ... سُقَى السّمَّ ممزوجا بشَبّ يمَان

ويروى: " بسب يمَان ".

والشَّبّ: دَوَاء مَعْرُوف.

وشبَّة، وشَبِيب: اسْما رجلَيْنِ.

وَبَنُو شَبَابة: قوم من فهم بن مَالك، سماهم أَبُو حنيفَة فِي كتاب النَّبَات.

شب

1 شَبَّ, aor. ـِ (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. شَبَابٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K *) and شَبِيبَةٌ (S, Msb, K *) and شُبُوبٌ and شَبِيبٌ, (TA,) He became a youth, or young man; i. e. he attained to the state termed شَبَابٌ meaning as expl. below; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) said of a boy. (S, Msb.) [and in like manner شَبَّتْ is said of a girl, i. e. She became a young woman.] b2: شُبَّ used as a noun: see below. b3: [Perhaps as an inf. n. of which the verb is شَبَّ, (as Freytag has assumed,) but more probably of شُبَّ, which will be found mentioned in this paragraph, for I do not find the former verb in the requisite sense,] شَبٌّ signifies Anything's being, or becoming, raised, or elevated. (K.) b4: شَبَّ said of a horse, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ and شَبُّ, (S, K,) inf. n. شِبَابٌ and شَبِيبٌ (S, Msb, K) and شُبُوبٌ, (K,) He was brisk, lively, or sprightly, (S, Msb, K, *) and raised his fore legs (S, Msb, K) together, (S, Msb,) as though in leaping, (TA,) and played. (S. [See also شَبَّت in art. شبو, said of a mare.]) And likewise He was or became, restive, or refractory: one says, برِئْتُ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ شِبَابِهِ and شَبِيبِهِ and عِضَاضِهِ and عَضِيضِهِ [I am irresponsible to thee for his being restive, or refractory, and for his biting]. (S.) b5: شَبَّتِ النَّارُ, [aor., accord. to rule, شَبِّ,] (Msb, K,) and شُبَّت [pass. of the trans. verb شَبَّ, q. v. infrà], inf. n. شُبُوبٌ (which is of the intrans., TA) and شَبٌّ (which is of the trans. verb, TA), The fire burned, burned up, burned brightly or fiercely, blazed, or flamed. (Msb, K. [See also 5.]) [And hence,] شَبَّتِ الحَرْبُ بَيْنَهُمْ (tropical:) [War, or the war, burned, or burned fiercely, between them]. (A, TA.) A2: شُبَّ It was raised, or elevated. (O, TA.) b2: شَبَّ النَّارُ, aor. ـُ (S, O, Msb,) inf. n. شَبٌّ (S, O, K) and شُبُوبٌ, (S, K,) or the latter is the inf. n. of the intrans. verb mentioned above, (TA,) He kindled the fire; or made it to burn, burn up, burn brightly or fiercely, blaze, or flame; (S, O, Msb, K; *) as also ↓ شبّبها, inf. n. تَشْبِيبٌ; (L;) and ↓ اشبّها: (A and TA in art. حش:) and so شَبَاهَا. (TA in art. شبو.) And in like manner, شَبَّ الحَرْبَ (assumed tropical:) He kindled war, or the war; or made it to burn, or burn fiercely. (S.) b3: [Hence,] شَبَّ, aor. ـُ said of the blackness of a garment, (Sh, A, TA,) (tropical:) It heightened and increased, (A,) or made to appear bright and beautiful, and [as it were] burning, or glowing, (Sh, TA,) the whiteness of the wearer. (Sh, A, TA.) And شَبَّ لَوْنَهَا (aor. as above, S) (assumed tropical:) It (a woman's hair) showed, [or set off,] and rendered beautiful, her colour, or complexion: (S:) it (a woman's head-covering, and her hair,) increased, and showed, [or heightened, and set off,] her beauty: (K:) it (a woman's black headcovering) increased her fairness, and rendered her beautiful. (TA.) And يَشُبُّ الوَجْهَ, said of patience, (assumed tropical:) It gives beauty and colour to the countenance. (TA, from a trad.) b4: See also 4, in two places.2 شبّب النَّارَ, inf. n. تَشْبِيبٌ: see the preceding paragraph. b2: Hence, تَشْبِيبُ الشِّعْرِ (tropical:) The making the commencement of poetry elegant, or ornate, by the mention of women: (L, TA:) or the primary meaning of التَّشْبِيبُ is the mention of the days of youth and of play or sport, and amatory language; and it is in the commencing of odes; and the commencement thereof is so called, absolutely, though there be not in it any mention of youth: (TA:) it means النَّسِيبُ, (S, O,) or النَّسِيبُ بِالنِّسَآءِ, (K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, التَّشَبُّبُ بالنِساءِ,]) i. e. بِذِكْرِهِنَّ: (TA:) one says, يُشَبِّبُ بِقُلَانَةَ, (S, O,) and بِهَا ↓ يتشبّب [if this be not a mistranscription for يُشَبِّبُ], (TA,) meaning يَنْسِبُ بِهَا: (S, O, TA:) [see this fully expl. in art. نسب: i. e.] شبّب بِفُلَانَةَ, inf. n. تَشْبِيبٌ, means, (tropical:) He spoke of such a female in amatory language [in the commencement of his ode], (Msb, TA,) and alluded to the love of her: (Msb:) and شبّب قَصِيدَتَهُ (assumed tropical:) He embellished [the commencement of] his ode by the mention of women: (Mgh, Msb:) and شبّب قَصِيدَتَهُ بِفُلَانَةَ (tropical:) [He embellished the commencement of his ode by mentioning, in amatory language, such a female]: (A, TA:) and ↓ شَبَابٌ is used in the sense of تَشْبِيبٌ; thus a قَصِيدَة is said to be حَسَنَةٌ الشَّبَابِ (tropical:) [Beautiful in the mention of women &c.]; and Jereer is said to have been أَرَقُّ النَّاسِ شَبَابًا (tropical:) [The most elegant of men in the mention of women &c.]. (A, TA.) b3: Hence, i. e. from تَشْبِيبٌ القَصِيدَةِ, may be derived التَّشْبِيبُ as a conventional term in the science of the division of inheritances; meaning (assumed tropical:) The mention of daughters according to the different degrees [of descent]: (Mgh:) it is as when one says, “he died, and left three daughters of a son, subordinate one to another, and three daughters of a son's son, in like manner, and three daughters of a son's son's son, in like manner, and the sons died and the daughters remained. ” (O.) b4: تَشْبِيبُ الكُتُبِ signifies (assumed tropical:) The commencing of books, or writings: and hence شَبَّبَ يُجَاوِبُهُ, occurring in a trad., meaning (assumed tropical:) He commenced answering him: not from the تَشْبِيب of women in poetry. (TA.) 4 اشبّهُ اللّٰهُ God made him, or may God make him, to become a youth, or young man; i. e., to attain to the state termed شَبَابٌ meaning as expl. below: and اشبّ اللّٰهُ قَرْنَهُ means the same: (S, A, TA:) the latter [lit. means God made, or may God make, his equal in age to become a youth, &c., (see Har p. 572,) and therefore] is tropical. (A, TA.) b2: أَشْبَيْتُ الفَرَسَ I excited the horse to be brisk, lively, or sprightly, and to raise his fore legs together, as though in leaping, and to play. (S, * K, * TA.) b3: اشبّ النَّارَ: see 1. b4: أُشِبَّ لِىَ الرَّجُلُ, inf. n. إِشْبَابٌ; as also ↓ شُبَّ; (tropical:) The man appeared before my upraised eyes when not hoped for. (Az, TA.) b5: And أُشِبَّ لِى كَذَا, and ↓ شُبَّ, (tropical:) Such a thing was prepared, or appointed, or ordained, for me. (S, K, * TA.) A2: أَشَبُّ (tropical:) He became one whose child, or children, had attained to the state of شَبَاب [i. e. youth, or young manhood, &c.]: (K:) [or] أَشَبَّ الرَّجُلُ بَنِينَ (tropical:) the man became one whose children had attained to that state: (S, TA:) and in like manner, أَشَبَّتْ أَوْلَادًا is said of a woman. (TA.) b2: And أَشَبَّ said of [the species of bovine antelope called] the wild bull, (S, K,) He became such as is termed شَبَبٌ [q. v.], i. e., (S,) he became advanced in age, or full-grown; (مُسِنّ, S, K;) one whose state termed إِسْنَان [q. v.] had ended. (S.) 5 تَشَبَّّ [تَشَبَّتِ النَّارُ The fire became kindled; or made to burn, burn up, burn brightly or fiercely, blaze, or flame: see also 1.] One says on the occasion of kindling fire, تَشَبَّبِى تَشَبُّبَ النَّمِيمَهْ جَآءَتْ بِهَا تَمْرٌ إِلَى تَمِيمَهْ [Be thou kindled like the state of kindling of the calumny that Temr brought to Temeemeh: but to what this alludes I know not]: it is like the saying, أَوْقَدَ بِالنَّمِيمَةِ نَارًا [He kindled a fire with calumny]. (A, TA.) b2: See also 2.10 إِسْتَشْبَ3َ It is said in a trad., يَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ الصِّبْيَانِ عَلَى الكِبَارِ يُسْتَثَبُّونَ [The boy's giving testimony against those that are full grown is allowable, when they (the former) are deemed to have attained to the state of youths, or young men]: it is as though it were said that if they take upon themselves the bearing witness in boyhood, and give their testimony when full grown, it is allowable: (TA:) or يُسْتَشَبُّونَ means they shall be sought youths, such as have attained to puberty, or maturity, in the case of giving testimony: or they shall be waited for, in the case of giving testimony, until the period of becoming youths, or young men. (Mgh.) b2: And it is said in another trad., اِسْتَشِبُّوا عَلَى أَسْوُقِكُمْ فِى البَوْلِ, i. e. Sit upon your shanks as one does when preparing to rise, not stooping with the whole body near to the ground; [having your feet only upon the ground; in the voiding of urine:] from شَبَّ الفَرَسُ meaning “ the horse raised his fore-legs together from the ground. ” (TA.) R. Q. 1 شَبْشَبَ He completed [a thing]; (AA, O, K;) said of a man. (AA, TA.) شَبٌّ, and its fem. شَبَّةٌ: see شَابٌّ.

A2: Also The stones of زَاج [or vitriol]: (K:) or the stones from which زاج and the like thereof are obtained; the best whereof is that which is brought from El-Yemen, which is white شبّ, and is very glistening: (TA:) [but شَبٌّ يَمَانِىٌّ, as also شَبٌّ alone, is a name now commonly given to alum:] or it is a certain thing resembling زاج: (S, Msb:) or a species thereof: accord. to El-Fárábee, the stones from which come زاج and the like: Az says, it is one of the minerals produced by God in the earth, with which one tans, and resembling زاج, and the name [correctly] heard is thus, with ب, but is by some mistranscribed with the three-dotted ث, [i. e. شَثٌّ,] which is a kind of tree of bitter taste, and I know not whether one tans with it or not: accord. to Mtr, in the saying that one tans with شبّ, this word is a mistranscription; for شبّ is a dye, and one does not tan with a dye; it is mistranscribed for شَثّ, which is a kind of tree like the dwarf apple-tree, whereof the leaves are like those of the خِلَاف [q. v.], and with them one tans: El-Fárábee also says, in the section of ث, that the شَثّ is a species of mountain-tree, with which one tans: from all which it appears that one tans with both of them; for an affirmation is to be preferred to a negation: (Msb:) and it is a well-known medicine; (K, TA;) as some say: so accord. to the correct copies of the K, in some of which, دَآءٌ is put for دَوَآءٌ. (TA.) شُبّ and دُبّ, though originally verbs, are used as nouns, by the introduction of مِنْ before them: one says, أَعْيَيْتَنِى مِنْ شُبَّ إِلَى دُبَّ and مِنْ شُبّ ٍ

إِلَى دُبّ ٍ [expl. in art. دبَ]: (S:) and in like manner they are used in another saying expl. in art. دب [q. v.]: (S in that art.:) or, without tenween, they may be regarded as verbs used in the way of حِكَايَة [or imitation]. (MF.) شَبَّةٌ The burning, burning up, burning brightly or fiercely, blazing, or flaming, of fire. (TA.) شَبَبٌ and ↓ شَبُوبٌ, applied to a [bovine antelope of the species called the] wild bull, (As, S, K,) and to a sheep or goat, (K,) and ↓ مُشِبٌّ, applied to the former, and ↓ مِشَبٌّ, (As, S, K,) sometimes, applied to the former, (As, S,) or to both, (K,) Advanced in age, or full-grown, (مُسِنٌّ, S, K,) whose state termed إِسْنَان [q. v.] has ended; (As, S;) and ↓ مُشِبَّةٌ is in like manner applied to a she-camel as meaning مُسِنَّةٌ: (TA:) or ↓ شبُوبٌ, (AA, K,) applied to both, (K,) as also ↓ مُشِبٌّ, (TA,) or to a bull, (AA,) is syn. with ↓ شابٌّ [meaning youthful, or in the prime of life]: (AA, K, TA:) and accord. to AO, شَبَبٌ, applied to a bull, means that has attained to the end of شَبَاب [i. e. youthfulness, or the prime of life]: (S, TA:) or, as some say, that has attained to the end of his full growth and strength; as also ↓ شَبُوبٌ, which is likewise applied to the female; or, accord. to AHát and ISh, when he is a year old, and weaned, he is called دَبَبٌ; and then, شَبَبٌ [meaning more than a year old]; and the female, شَبَبةٌ. (TA.) شَبَابٌ and ↓ شَبِيبَةٌ [both mentioned above as inf. ns.] (S, Msb, K) [and ↓ شَبَابِيَّةٌ which is a simple subst.] Youth, youthfulness, the prime of man-hood, or young manhood; syn. فَتَآءٌ; (K;) or حَدَاثَةٌ; contr. of شَيْبٌ: (S:) or the state from puberty to the completion of thirty years; or from sixteen years to thirty-two; after which a man is called كَهْلٌ; (TA;) the age before الكُهُولَة: (Msb:) or the state between thirty and forty: (Mgh:) or, accord. to Mohammad Ibn-Habeeb, the state from the seventeenth year to the completion of fifty-one years is termed ↓ شَبَابِيَّةٌ; the period before, from birth, being termed غُلُومِيَّةٌ; and in the period after, a man being called شَيْخٌ, until he dies. (TA.) One says, سَقَى اللّٰهُ عَصْرَ

↓ الشَبِيبَةِ [May God freshen as with rain the times, or mornings, or afternoons, of youth, &c.], and عُصُورَ الشَّبَائِبِ [the times, &c., of the states of youth, &c.]. (A, TA.) b2: [شَبَابٌ often signifies (assumed tropical:) The sap, or vigour, of youth or young manhood.] One says, اِسْتَحَارَ شَبَابُهَا, as in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb, (assumed tropical:) The sap [or vigour] of youth (مَآءٌ الشَّبَابِ) flowed in her. (IB, TA in art. حير.) and اِمْتَلَأَ شَبَابًا (assumed tropical:) [He became full of the sap, or vigour, of youth or young manhood]. (The lexicons, &c., passim.) [But] مَآءٌ الشَّبَابِ signifies [also] (tropical:) The freshness, or brightness, and beauty, of youth. (Har p. 340.) [And ↓ شَبِيبَةٌ app. signifies also (assumed tropical:) Youthful folly, or the like; (see an ex. voce غَمْرَةٌ;) and so, probably, does شَبَابٌ.] b3: [Hence,] شَبَابٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The first, or beginning, or the new, or recent, state, of a thing; (K, TA;) and so ↓ شَبِيبَةٌ. (TA.) One says, قَدِمَ فِى شَبَابِ الشَّهْرِ (A, TA) (tropical:) He came, or arrived, in the beginning of the month. (TA.) And لَقِيتُهُ فِى

شَبَابِ النَّهَارِ (A, TA) (tropical:) I met him in the beginning of the day: (TA:) and جِئْتُكَ فِى شَبَابِ النَّهَارِ and بِشَبَابِ النَّهَارِ (assumed tropical:) I came to thee in the beginning of the day: (Lh, TA:) or شَبَابُ النَّهَارِ means the period when the sun has risen high, when one fifth of the day has passed. (A in art. رأد.) And one says also ↓ فَعَلَ ذٰلِكَ فِى شَبِيبَتِهِ He did that at the commencement thereof. (TA.) A2: See also شَابٌّ

A3: And see 2.

شِبَابٌ an inf. n. of شَبَّ said of a horse. (S, Msb, K.) A2: See also the next paragraph, in two places.

شِبَابٌ: see شَبَّ, in three places. b2: Also A horse whose hind feet pass beyond his fore feet; (K;) which is a fault: accord. to Th, such is termed ↓ شَبِيبٌ: IM says that the correct word is شَئِيتٌ: [but] see this in its proper place. (TA.) A2: Also A thing with which a fire is kindled, or made to burn, burn up, burn brightly or fiercely, blaze, or flame; (S, K;) and so ↓ شِبَابٌ. (K.) b2: And [hence, as also ↓ شِبَابٌ,] (tropical:) A thing that serves [as a foil] for beautifying, or setting off, (K,) [or making to appear bright and beautiful,] or for increasing, or enhancing, and strengthening, [or heightening, in beauty,] (S, TA,) to another thing. (S, K, TA.) So in the saying, هٰذَا شَبُوبٌ لِكَذَا (tropical:) This is a thing that serves for increasing, or enhancing, [or heightening, in beauty,] to such a thing. (S, TA.) One says of a woman's headcovering, هُوَ شَبُوبٌ لِوَجْهِهَا (tropical:) [It is a thing that serves for giving an appearance of additional brightness and beauty to her face]. (A.) شَبِيبٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَبِيبَةٌ: see شَبَابٌ, in five places.

عَسَلٌ شَبَابِىٌّ Honey of Shebábeh (شَبَابَة); (A, TA;) or, of Benoo-Shebábeh, (Mgh,) a people of Et-Táïf, (A, Mgh, TA,) of [the tribe of] Khath'am, who possessed bees, and hence it was thus called. (Mgh.) شَبَابِيَّةٌ: see شَبَابٌ, in two places.

شَبَّذَا زَيْدٌ i. q. حَبَّذَا [q. v. in art. حب]. (Th, TA.) شَابٌّ part. n. of شَبَّ said of a boy; (Msb;) [Youthful, or in the prime of manhood; a youth, or a young man;] in the state from puberty to the completion of thirty years; or from sixteen years to thirty-two; after which a man is called كَهْلٌ; (TA;) in the age before الكُهُولَة: (Msb:) or in the state between thirty and forty: (Mgh:) [or in the state from the seventeenth year to the completion of fifty-one years: (see شَبَابٌ:)] and IAar mentions ↓ شَبٌّ as an epithet applied to a man [in the same sense as شَابٌّ]: (TA:) a female is termed شَابَّةٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ شَبَّةٌ; both signifying the same: (S, K:) the pl. of شَابٌّ is شُبَّانٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and شَبَبَةٌ (S, A, K) and ↓ شَبَابٌ, (S, A, * K,) or the last is an inf. n. used as an epithet applied to a pl. number, (Mgh, and Ham p. 50,) or it is a quasi-pl. n.: (TA:) females, (Msb,) or women, (K,) are termed شَوَابٌّ (Msb, K) and شَبَائِبُ, (K,) the latter said by Az to be allowable in the sense of the former, (TA,) which is pl. of شَابَّةٌ, (Msb,) شَبَائِبُ, accord. to Az, being pl. (not of شَابَّةٌ but) of شَبَّةٌ, like as ضَرَائِرُ is of ضَرَّةٌ: (TA:) the dim. of شَابَّةٌ is ↓ شُوَيْبَّةٌ, and some of the Arabs say ↓ شُوَابَّةٌ, changing the ى into ا before a double letter [as in دُوَابَّةٌ for دُوَيْبَّةٌ]. (ISd, L in art. هد.) One says, مَرَرْتُ بِرِجَال ٍ شَبَبَة ٍ

meaning شُبَّان ٍ [i. e. I passed by men that were youths, or persons in the prime of manhood]. (S.) b2: See also شَبَبٌ.

شُوَابَّةٌ: dims. of شَابَّةٌ fem. of شَابٌّ, q. v.

شُوَيْبَّةٌ: dims. of شَابَّةٌ fem. of شَابٌّ, q. v.

شَوْشَبٌ The scorpion. (IAar, K.) b2: And The louse; syn. قَمْلٌ: (K in this art.:) or the ant; syn. نَمْلٌ: (K in art. ششب:) fem. [or perhaps n. un.] with ة. (TA.) مُشِبٌّ, and its fem., with ة: see شَبَبٌ, in three places. b2: Also the former, A lion: (K:) or a full-grown lion: syn. أَسَدٌ كَبِيرٌ. (TA.) مِشَبٌّ: see شَبَبٌ.

مُشَبَّبٌ الأَظَافِرِ [or rather الأَظَافِيرِ, pl. of the pl. أَظْفَارٌ or of أُظْفُورٌ,] (tropical:) Having sharp-pointed nails or talons or claws; as though they flamed, by reason of their sharpness. (A, TA.) مَشْبُوبٌ [pass. part. n. of 1]. You say نَارٌ مَشْبُوبَةٌ A fire kindled, or made to burn, burn up, burn brightly or fiercely, blaze, or flame: شَابَّةٌ in this sense is not allowable. (K.) b2: [Hence,] applied to a man, (A, TA,) (tropical:) Comely, (S, TA,) of goodly countenance; (A, TA;) as though lighted up: bright, or fair, in complexion, and of goodly countenance; as though his countenance were lighted up with fire: pl. مَشَابِيبُ. (TA.) and (tropical:) A man of acute mind. (TA.) And طَلَعَتِ المَشْبُوبَتَانِ الزُّهَرَتَانِ [or الزَّهْرَاوَانِ?] (tropical:) Venus and Jupiter, so called on account of their beauty and splendour, rose. (A, TA.)

ضر

Entries on ضر in 5 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Al-Ṣāḥib bin ʿAbbād, Al-Muḥīṭ fī l-Lugha, Al-Khalīl b. Aḥmad al-Farāhīdī, Kitāb al-ʿAin, Arabic-English Lexicon by Edward William Lane, and 2 more
الضاد والراء

الفِرْضَم من الإِبِلِ الضَّخْمَةُ الثَّقِيلةُ وفِرْضِم اسمُ قبيلة وإبل فِرْضِميَّةٌ منْسوبةٌ إليه وضَنْبَرٌ اسْمٌ والضُّبَارِمُ والضُّبارِمَةُ الأَسَدُ الوَثِيقُ والضُّبَارِمُ والضُّبَارِمَةُ الجَرِيءُ على الأعداءِ وهو ثُلاثِيٌّ عند الخَلِيلِ وقد تقدَّم
ضر: الضَّرُّ والضُّرُّ لُغَتَانِ: ضِدُّ النَّفْعِ، ضَرَّه يَضُرُّه، وأضَرَّ به يُضِرُّ، وضارَه يَضِيْرُه. والضَّرَرُ: نُقْصَانٌ يَدْخُلُ في الشَّيْءِ. والضَّرّاءُ: ضِدُّ السَّرّاءِ. والضِّرَارُ: مَصْدَرُ ضارَّه. وفي الحَدِيثِ: " لا ضَرَرَ ولا إضْرَارَ ". والتَّضُرَّةُ: الضَّرّاءُ؛ كالتَّسُرَّةِ والسَّرّاءِ. وهي الضّارُوْرَاءُ والسّارُوْراءُ، والضُّرُّ والسُّرُّ. وقيل: التَّضُرَّةُ من الضُّرِّ. والضَّرُوْرَةُ: اسْمٌ لِمَصْدَرِ الاضَطرار، وكذلك الضارُوْرَةُ. والصَّرِيْرُ: الانسانُ الذّاهِبُ البَصَرِ، ضَرِيْرٌ بَيِّنُ الضَّرَارَةِ، وقَوْمٌ أضِرَّاءُ، وما كُنْتَ ضَرِيْراً، ولقد ضَرِرْتَ ضَرَارَةً وضُرِرْتَ، فهو مَضْرُوْرٌ. وإذل أضَرَّ به المَرَضُ قيل: رَجُلٌ ضَرِيْرٌ وامْرَأَةٌ ضَرِيْرَةٌ. وهو اسْمُ لِمُضَارَّةٍ، تقول: ما أشَدَّ ضَرِيْرَه عليها. والضَّرِيْرُ: جانِبُ الوادي، نَزَلَ بأحَدِ ضَرْيْرَيِ الوادي. وضَرِيْرُ السُّيُوْلِ: شِدَّتُها. والضَّرُّ والضِّرَارُ والتَّضِرَّةُ: أنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ المَرْأَةَ على امْرَأَةٍ قَبْلَها. ويُقال: تَزَوَّجَتُ المَرْأةَ على ضِرٍّ وضُرٍّ. وامْرَأَةٌ مَضِرٍّ: لها ضَرَائرُ. والضَّرَّتَانِ: امْرَأتانِ للرَّجُل، والجَميعُ الضَّرَائرُ. وضَرَّتا الأَلْيَةِ: من جانِبَيْ عَظْمها. وضَرَّةُ الإِبْهَامِ: لَحْمَةٌ تَحْتَها، وكذلك ضَرَّةُ الضَّرْعِ. ورَجُلٌ مُضِرُّ ٌ: له إِبلٌ وغَنَمٌ كَثِيرَةٌ، إنَّه لَفي ضَرَّةِ خَيْرٍ ومالٍ يَعْتَمِدُ عليه، وهو من قَوْلِكَ: لا يَضُرُّ: َ عليه رَجُلٌ: أي لا يَزِيْدُكَ. ومَكانٌ ضَرَرٌ: [أي] ضَيِّقٌ. وأضَرَّ يَعْدُو: إذا أسْرَعَ. وأضَرَّه على كذا: أي أجْبَرَه؛ إضْراراً. وأضَرَّتِ الدّابَّةُ: صَبَرَتْ على الشِّدَّةِ والمَشَقَّةِ. وأضَرَّ الفَرَسُ على فأْسِ اللِّجَام: أي عَضَّ عليه. وأضَرَّ فلانٌ بفلانٍ: لَصِقَ به. والمُضِرُّ من السَّحَاب: الذي دّنا من الأرْضِ.
باب الضاد مع الراء ض ر، ر ض يستعملان فقط

ضر: الضَّرُّ والضُّرُّ لغتانِ، فاذا جَمَعْتَ بين الضَرِّ والنَّفْعِ فتَحْتَ الضّادَ، وإِذا أفرَدْتَ الضُرَّ ضَمَمْتَ الضاد إِذا لم تجعله مصدراً، كقولك ضَرَرْتُ ضُرّاً، هكذا يستعمله العَرَبُ. وقال الله تعالى: وَإِذا مَسَّ الْإِنْسانَ الضُّرُّ دَعانا لِجَنْبِهِ . والضَّرَرُ: النُّقصان يدخُلُ في الشيء، تقول: دَخَلَ عليه ضَرَرٌ في ماله. ورجلٌ ضَريرٌ: بيِّنُ الضَّرارة، وقَومٌ أضِرّاء: ذاهبو البَصَر. ورجلٌ ضَريرٌ وامرأةٌ ضَريرةٌ: أضَرَّه المَرَضُ، والضريرُ: المريضُ، والمرأةُ بالهاء. والضَريرُ: اسمٌ للمُضارّةِ أكثر ما يستعمل في الغَيْرة، يقال: ما أشَدَّ ضريرَه عليها، قال رؤبة يصف حمار وحشٍ:

حتى اذا ما لانَ من ضريره

والضَّرورةُ: اسم لمصدر الاضطرار، [تقول: حَمَلتْني الضَّرورة على كذا، وقد اضطُرَّ فلان الى كذا وكذا، بناؤه: افْتُعِلَ فجُعِلتَ التاءُ طاءً، لانّ التّاءَ لم يَحْسُن لفظها مع الضّاد] . والضَرَّتانِ: امرأتانِ لرجلٍ واحد، وتُجمَعُ على ضَرائِرَ. وفلانٌ مُضِرٌ: أي ذو ضَرائر. والمُضِرُّ: الرجل الذي عليه ضَرَّةٌ من مال. والمُضِرُّ: الداني، يقال: مَرَّ فلانٌ فأضَرَّني إِضراراً أي دَنَا منّي دُنُوّاً شديداً. والضَّرَرُ: الزَّمانةُ، ومنه قوله تعالى: غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ . وأضَرَّ الطريقُ بالقَوْمِ: ضاقَ بهم ودَنا منهم. وضِرَّةُ الابِهْام: لَحْمةٌ تحتها. وضِرَّة الضَّرْعِ: لَحْمُها، والضَّرْعُ يُذَكَّرُ ويُؤَنَّثُ. والضَرَّتانِ: الأَليْتَانِ من جانِبَي المَقْعَد ، وهما شَحْمتان تَهَدَّلانِ من جانِبَيهما .

رض: الرَّضُّ: دَقُّكَ الشيءَ، ورُضاضُه: دُقاقُه. والرَّضْراضُ: حِجارةٌ تَتَرضْرَضُ على وجه الأرض أي [تَتَحرَّكُ] ولا تَثبُتُ، وسُمِّيَت بها لتكسُّرها من غير فِعْل الناسِ بها. والرَّضْراضَةُ: الكثيرة اللَّحْمِ.
ضر
الضُّرُّ: سوءُ الحال، إمّا في نفسه لقلّة العلم والفضل والعفّة، وإمّا في بدنه لعدم جارحة ونقص، وإمّا في حالة ظاهرة من قلّة مال وجاه، وقوله: فَكَشَفْنا ما بِهِ مِنْ ضُرٍّ
[الأنبياء/ 84] ، فهو محتمل لثلاثتها، وقوله: وَإِذا مَسَّ الْإِنْسانَ الضُّرُّ [يونس/ 12] ، وقوله: فَلَمَّا كَشَفْنا عَنْهُ ضُرَّهُ مَرَّ كَأَنْ لَمْ يَدْعُنا إِلى ضُرٍّ مَسَّهُ
[يونس/ 12] ، يقال: ضَرَّهُ ضُرّاً: جلب إليه ضُرّاً، وقوله: لَنْ يَضُرُّوكُمْ إِلَّا أَذىً
[آل عمران/ 111] ، ينبّههم على قلّة ما ينالهم من جهتهم، ويؤمّنهم من ضَرَرٍ يلحقهم نحو: لا يَضُرُّكُمْ كَيْدُهُمْ شَيْئاً
[آل عمران/ 120] ، وَلَيْسَ بِضارِّهِمْ شَيْئاً
[المجادلة/ 10] ، وَما هُمْ بِضارِّينَ بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ
[البقرة/ 102] ، وقال تعالى: وَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ ما يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلا يَنْفَعُهُمْ
[البقرة/ 102] ، وقال:
يَدْعُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ ما لا يَضُرُّهُ وَما لا يَنْفَعُهُ
[الحج/ 12] ، وقوله: يَدْعُوا لَمَنْ ضَرُّهُ أَقْرَبُ مِنْ نَفْعِهِ
[الحج/ 13] . فالأوّل يعنى به الضُّرُّ والنّفع، اللّذان بالقصد والإرادة، تنبيها أنه لا يقصد في ذلك ضَرّاً ولا نفعا لكونه جمادا. وفي الثاني يريد ما يتولّد من الاستعانة به ومن عبادته، لا ما يكون منه بقصده، والضَّرَّاءُ يقابل بالسَّرَّاء والنّعماء، والضرّ بالنّفع. قال تعالى: وَلَئِنْ أَذَقْناهُ نَعْماءَ بَعْدَ ضَرَّاءَ
[هود/ 10] ، وَلا يَمْلِكُونَ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ ضَرًّا وَلا نَفْعاً [الفرقان/ 3] ، ورجلٌ ضَرِيرٌ: كناية عن فقد بصره، وضَرِيرُ الوادي: شاطئه الذي ضَرَّهُ الماءُ، والضَّرِيرُ:
المَضَارُّ، وقد ضَارَرْتُهُ. قال تعالى: وَلا تُضآرُّوهُنَ
[الطلاق/ 6] ، وقال: وَلا يُضَارَّ كاتِبٌ وَلا شَهِيدٌ
[البقرة/ 282] ، يجوز أن يكون مسندا إلى الفاعل، كأنه قال: لا يُضَارِرْ، وأن يكون مفعولا، أي: لا يُضَارَرْ، بأن يشعل عن صنعته ومعاشه باستدعاء شهادته، وقال:
لا تُضَارَّ والِدَةٌ بِوَلَدِها
[البقرة/ 233] ، فإذا قرئ بالرّفع فلفظه خبر ومعناه أمر، وإذا فتح فأمر . قال تعالى: ضِراراً لِتَعْتَدُوا
[البقرة/ 231] ، والضَّرَّةُ أصلُها الفَعْلة التي تَضُرُّ، وسمّي المرأتان تحت رجل واحد كلّ واحدة منهما ضَرَّةٌ، لاعتقادهم أنّها تَضُرُّ بالمرأة الأخرى، ولأجل هذا النّظر منهم قال النبيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلم:
«لا تسأل المرأة طلاق أختها لتكفئ ما في صحفتها» والضَّرَّاءُ: التّزويج بِضَرَّةٍ، ورجلٌ مُضِرٌّ: ذو زوجين فصاعدا. وامرأةٌ مُضِرٌّ: لها ضَرَّةٌ. والاضْطِرَارُ: حمل الإنسان على ما يَضُرُّهُ، وهو في التّعارف حمله على أمر يكرهه، وذلك على ضربين: أحدهما: اضطرار بسبب خارج كمن يضرب، أو يهدّد، حتى يفعل منقادا، ويؤخذ قهرا، فيحمل على ذلك كما قال: ثُمَّ أَضْطَرُّهُ إِلى عَذابِ النَّارِ
[البقرة/ 126] ، ثُمَّ نَضْطَرُّهُمْ إِلى عَذابٍ غَلِيظٍ

[لقمان/ 24] .
والثاني: بسبب داخل وذلك إمّا بقهر قوّة له لا يناله بدفعها هلاك، كمن غلب عليه شهوة خمر أو قمار، وإمّا بقهر قوّة يناله بدفعها الهلاك، كمن اشتدّ به الجوع فَاضْطُرَّ إلى أكل ميتة، وعلى هذا قوله: فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ باغٍ وَلا عادٍ
[البقرة/ 173] ، فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ فِي مَخْمَصَةٍ [المائدة/ 3] ، وقال: أَمَّنْ يُجِيبُ الْمُضْطَرَّ إِذا دَعاهُ
[الــنمل/ 62] ، فهو عامّ في كلّ ذلك، والضَّرُورِيُّ يقال على ثلاثة أضرب:
أحدها: إما يكون على طريق القهر والقسر، لا على الاختيار كالشّجر إذا حرّكته الرّيح الشّديدة.
والثاني: ما لا يحصل وجوده إلّا به نحو الغذاء الضَّرُورِيِّ للإنسان في حفظ البدن.
والثالث: يقال فيما لا يمكن أن يكون على خلافه، نحو أن يقال: الجسم الواحد لا يصحّ حصوله في مكانين في حالة واحدة بالضَّرُورَةِ.
وقيل: الضَّرَّةُ أصلُ الأنملــة، وأصلُ الضّرع، والشّحمةُ المتدلّيةُ من الألية.

ضر

1 ضَرَّهُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) and ضَرَّ بِهِ, (K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. ضَرٌّ; (S, Msb, K;) and ↓ ضارّهُ, [which see also below,] (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. مُضَارَّةٌ (Msb, K) and ضِرَارٌ; (A, Msb, K;) and ↓ اضرّهُ, (K,) or بِهِ ↓ اضرّ, (Msb,) or both, inf. n. إِضْرَارٌ; (TA;) He, or it, harmed, injured, hurt, marred, mischiefed, or damaged, him, or it; contr. of نَفَعَهُ; (S, A, K;) did to him, or it, an act that was evil, or disliked, or hated. (Msb.) b2: ضَرَّهُ إِلَيْهِ: see 8. b3: لَا يَضُرَّكَ عَلَيْهِ جَمَلٌ (tropical:) No camel will be more sufficient for thee than he; syn. لَا يَزِيدُكَ: and لَا يَضُرُّكَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ (tropical:) [No man will be more sufficient for thee than he; or] thou wilt not find a man who will be more sufficient for thee than he; i. e. لَا تَجِدُ رَجُلًا يَزِيدُكَ عَلَى مَا عِنْدَ هٰذَا الرَّجُلِ مِنَ الكِفَايَةِ: (ISk, S:) and مَا يَضُرُّكَ عَلَى

الضَّبِّ صَيْدٌ (tropical:) No animal that is hunted is more sufficient for thee than the ضَبّ; and so مَا يَضِيرُكَ: and مَا تَضُرُّكَ عَلَيْهَا جَارِيَةٌ (tropical:) No girl, or young woman, is more sufficient for thee than she; syn. مَا تَزِيدُكَ: (A:) and مَا يَضُرُّكَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا (tropical:) He, or it, is not at all more sufficient for thee than he, or it; syn. مَا يَزِيدُكَ. (IAar, TA.) A2: ضَرَّ, [sec. Pers\. app. ضَرُرْتَ, and aor. ـُ inf. n. ضَرَارَةٌ, (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, blind: part. n. ضَرِيرٌ [q. v.]. (MA.) 3 ضارّهُ, inf. n. مُضَارَّةٌ and ضَرَارٌ, He harmed him, injured him, or hurt him, in return, or in requital: whence the saying in a trad., لا ضَرَرَ وَلَا ضِرَارَ فِى الإِسْلَامِ There shall be no harming, injuring, or hurting, of one man by another, in the first instance, nor in return, or requital, in El-Islám: (Mgh, TA: *) ضِرَارٌ is syn. with مُضَارَّةٌ: (S:) or, accord. to some, it is syn. with ضَرَرٌ; and in the phrase in a trad. mentioned above, is added as a corroborative. (TA.) See also 1. مُضَارَّةٌ in the case of a testament is the not executing it; or the violating it in part; or the bequeathing to any unfit person or persons; and the like; contrary to the سُنَّة. (TA.) b2: He disagreed with, or differed from, him; dissented from him; was contrary, opposed, or repugnant, to him; or he acted contrarily, contrariously, adversely, or in opposition, to him; syn. خالَفَهُ. (K.) And hence, accord. to some, the saying in a trad., (O, K,) relating to the seeing God on the day of resurrection, (O,) لَا تُضَارُّونَ فِى رُؤْيَتِهِ, (O, K,) i. e. Ye will not differ, one from another, nor dispute together, respecting the truth of the seeing Him; (Zj, O, * TA;) because of his manifest appearance: (Zj, TA:) or the meaning is, لَا تُضَامُّونَ, (S, K,) and thus some relate it, (TA,) meaning ye will not draw yourselves together, (K, TA,) and straiten one another; one saying to another “ Show me Him,” like as people do in looking at the new moon, but each will by himself have the sight of Him: (TA:) or, as some say, it is ↓ لَا تَضَارُّونَ [originally تَتَضَارُّونَ], meaning لَا تَضَامُّونَ, [which is the same in signification as لَا تُضَامُّونَ], i. e. with fet-h to the ت: (TA, and so in one of my copies of the S:) and some say, لا تُضَارُونَ, from الضَّيْرُ; (Mgh, TA;) [i. e. ye will not be hurt;] meaning ye will not hurt one another: (M in art. ضير:) and some, لَا تُضَامُون, from الضَّيْمُ. (Mgh, TA.) b3: See also 4; and the phrase تَزَوَّجَ عَلَى

مُضَارَّةٍ, voce ضِرٌّ.4 اضرّهُ and اضرّبِهِ: see 1, first sentence. b2: اضرّهُ عَلَى الأَمْرِ He compelled him against his will to do the thing. (Sgh, K.) [See also 8.]

A2: اضرّ, intrans., (tropical:) It (anything) approached so near as to harm, injure, or hurt; (TA;) or so near as to straighten, or incommode. (L.) You say, اضرّ بِهِ, meaning (tropical:) It approached very near to him, so as to annoy him: (TA, from a trad.:) or (tropical:) he drew very near to him: (S, A:) or (tropical:) he clave, or stuck, to him. (A.) And اضرّ بِالطَّرِيق (tropical:) He approached the road, but was not upon it. (TA.) And بَنُو فُلَانٍ يُضِرُّ الطَّرِيقُ (tropical:) The sons of such a one are one the travelled track. (A.) And اضرّ السَّيْلُ مِنَ الحَائِطِ (assumed tropical:) The torrent drew near to the wall: and السَّحَابُ إِلَى الأَرْضِ the clouds to the earth. (K.) b2: اضرّ عَلَيْهِ (tropical:) He importuned him; plied him; plied him hard; pressed him; pressed him hard; was urgent with him; persecuted him, or harassed him. (A.) b3: اضرّ الفَرَسُ عَلَى فَأْسِ اللِّجَامِ (tropical:) The horse champed the فأس [q. v.] of the bit; (A 'Obeyd, S, A;) and so اضزّ. (S.) b4: اضرّ فُلَانٌ عَلَى السَّيْرِ الشَّدِيدِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one bore patiently hard journeying. (TA.) A3: Also, (Msb,) inf. n. إِضْرَارٌ, (S,) He took to himself a wife while having another wife: (As, S, Msb, TA:) [and so, app., ↓ ضارّ: (see ضِرٌّ:)] or he gave [a woman] in marriage to a man having at the time another wife. (TA.) A4: اضرّ يَعْدُو (S, K, * TA) signifies He hastened (S, K, TA) somewhat in running, accord. to A 'Obeyd; (S, TA;) but Et-Toosee says that this is a mistake, and that it is correctly اصرّ. (TA.) 5 تضرّر He was [harmed, injured, or hurt; or] afflicted, grieved, or sick: and he experienced straitness, pressure, or inconvenience. (KL.) 6 لَا تَضَارُّونَ [originally تَتَضَارُّونَ]: see 3.8 اضطرّهُ إِلَى كَذَا It, (a thing, or an affair, TA,) or he, [a man, or God,] necessitated, constrained, compelled, forced, or drove, him to have recourse to, or to do, such a thing; or impelled, or drove, him, against his will, to it, or to do it; (Msb, K;) so that he had no means of avoiding it; as also ضَرَّهُ ↓ إِلَيْهِ CCC : (Msb:) it made him to want, or be in need of, such a thing: (K, TA:) from ضَرَرٌ signifying “ narrowness,” or “ straitness. ” (TA.) [See also 4. Hence the phrase, لَأَضْطَرَّنَّكَ إِلَى أَصْلِكَ, expl. in art. اصل. See also the Kur ii. 120, and xxxi. 23.] b2: اُضْطُرَّ إِلَى كَذَا He was, or became, necessitated, constrained, compelled, forced, or driven, to have recourse to, or to do, such a thing; or was impelled, or driven, against his will, to it, or to do it: (S, K:) he wanted, or was or became in need of, such a thing. (K.) ضَرٌّ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

ضُرٌّ Harm, injury, hurt, mischief, or damage; contr. of نَفْعٌ; as also ↓ ضَرٌّ, (A, K,) or this is an inf. n., (S, Msb, K,) and the former is a simple subst.; (ADk, Msb, K;) and ↓ ضَرَرٌ [which is now the most common]: (S, Mgh, Msb, TA:) or an evil state or condition; (ADk, T, S, L, Msb, K;) as also ↓ ضَرَرٌ and ↓ تَضِرَّةٌ and ↓ تَضُرَّةٌ; (K; for the right reading in the K is والضَّرَرُ سُوْءُ الحَالِ, as in the L, &c.; not والضرر وسوء الحال; TA; [but in some of the copies of the K, and in the TA, this signification is assigned to ضَرٌّ instead of ضُرٌّ; and in the latter, its pl. is said to be أَضُرٌّ;]) and poverty; and bodily affliction: but the contr. of نَفْعٌ is termed ↓ ضَرٌّ, with fet-h: (ADk, T, Msb, TA: *) [see also ضَرَّةٌ and ضَرَرٌ and ضَرَّآءُ and ضَرُورَةٌ and ضَارُورَآءُ, all of which have similar meanings:] and disease; (A, Msb;) thus in the Kur xxi. 83: (Msb:) or leanness: (S, A, TA:) the state, or condition, of him who is termed ضَرِير [q. v.]. (TA.) A2: See also the next paragraph, in two places.

ضَرٌّ The taking a wife in addition to another wife; (S;) a subst. from ضَرَّةٌ. (K.) You say, نُكِحَتِ المَرْأَةُ عَلَى ضِرٍّ The woman was taken to wife in addition to a former wife. (S.) And, accord. to Aboo-'Abd-Allah Et-Tuwál, تَزَوَّجْتُ المَرْأَةَ عَلَى ضِرٍّ and ↓ ضُرٍّ [I took the woman to wife in addition to another wife]. (S.) And تَزَوَّجَ عَلَى ضِرٍّ and ↓ ضُرٍّ i. e. ↓ مُضَارَّةٍ, meaning He married so as to have two or three wives together. (K.) And Kr mentions the phrase, تَزَوَّجْتُ المَرْأَةَ عَلَى

ضِرٍّ كُنَّ لَهَا [I took to wife the woman in addition to others who were her fellow-wives]: and if it be so, ضِرّ is an inf. n. [used in this instance as an epithet, and therefore applicable to a pl. number as well as to a single person], formed by the rejection of the augmentative letter [in its verb, i. e. أَضَرَّ], or it is a pl. that has no sing. (TA.) A2: One says also رَجُلٌ ضِرُّ أَضْرَارٍ (K, TA) i. e. A man [who is] a strong one of strong ones; like as one says صِلُّ أَصْلَالٍ and ضِلُّ أَضْلَالٍ: (TA:) or very cunning (دَاهِيَةٌ) in his judgment, or opinion. (K, TA.) ضَرَّةٌ [Necessity, or need;] a subst. from 8: (K, TA:) hardness, distressfulness, or afflictiveness, of state or condition: and annoyance, molestation, harm, or hurt. (Sgh, K.) See also [ضُرٌّ, and] ضَرَرٌ, and ضَرَّآءُ, and ضَرُورَةٌ.

A2: A woman's husband's wife; her fellow-wife: (S, Msb, K:) an appellation disliked by the Muslim; جَارَةٌ being used in preference to it; accord. to a trad.: (TA:) pl. ضَرَائِرُ (Msb, K) and ضَرَّاتٌ; (Msb;) the former extr. [with respect to rule]; (TA;) the latter regular. (Msb.) [See also عَلَّةٌ.] b2: Hence, sing. of ضَرَائِرُ signifying (tropical:) Discordant things or affairs; likened to fellow-wives, who will not agree. (TA.) b3: And [hence also, app.,] الضَّرَّتَانِ is a term applied to (assumed tropical:) The two stones of a mill. (S, M.) A3: The flesh of the ضَرْع [or udder]: (S:) or the udder (ضرع) altogether, (K, TA,) except the أَطْبَآء [or teats], when containing milk, but not otherwise: (TA:) or the base of the ضرع, which is never, or scarcely ever, without milk in it: (TA:) or the base of the ثَدْى [or breast]: and i. q. خِلْفٌ [q. v.]. (K.) One says ضَرَّةٌ شَكْرَى, meaning A full ضرّة: (S in this art.:) or a ضرّة having much milk. (S in art. شكر.) b2: ضَرَّةُ الإِبْهَامِ The portion of flesh that is beneath the thumb, which is what corresponds to the أَلْيَه in the hand: (S:) or الضَّرَّةُ signifies the portion of the palm of the hand extending from beneath the little finger to the wrist: (Zj, in his “ Khalk el-Insán: ”) or the inner side of the hand, (K, TA,) over against the little finger, corresponding to the الية in the hand: (TA:) or the portion of flesh beneath the thumb: (K:) or the root thereof [i. e. of the thumb]: (TA:) and that part of the flesh of the sole of the foot upon which one treads, next the great toe. (K.) [See أَلْيَةٌ.] b3: The pl. of ضَرَّةٌ (in all the senses expl. above, TA) is ضَرَائِرُ, (K, TA,) which [as said above] is extr. (TA.) b4: And الضَّرَّتَانِ signifies The buttocks, on each side of the bone thereof: (K:) or the two flabby portions of flesh, on each side. (M, TA.) A4: Also Much property, (S,) or many cattle, (S, * TA,) exclusive of money: (TA:) or property, or cattle, (مال,) upon which one relies [for his maintenance], but belonging to another, or others, (K, TA,) of his relations: (TA:) and a detached number of cattle, of camels, and of sheep or goats. (K, TA.) ضُرَّةٌ: see ضَرَّآءُ.

ضَرَرٌ: see ضُرٌّ, in two places. b2: Also Defect, deficiency, detriment, or loss, (Msb, K,) and so ↓ ضَرَّةٌ and ↓ ضَرَارَةٌ, (TA,) that happens to a thing, (K,) or to articles of property. (Msb.) You say, دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ ضَرَرٌ فِى مَالِهِ [Defect, deficiency, detriment, or loss, came upon him in his property, or cattle]. (TA.) And هُوَ فِى ضَرَرِ خَيْرٍ

[He is in a state of defective, or little, prosperity]. (TA.) See also ضَرَّآءُ. b3: Also Narrowness, or straitness. (A 'Obeyd, S, K.) You say مَكَانٌ ذُو ضَرَرٍ A narrow place. (A 'Obeyd, S.) And لَا ضَرَرَ عَلَيْكَ and ↓ لا ضَارُورَةَ and ↓ لا تَضِرَّةَ [app. No straitness shall befall thee: or no evil: or no adversity: or no want]. (S.) b4: And Narrow. (K.) You say مَكَانٌ ضَرَرٌ A narrow place. (TA.) And مَآءٌ ضَرَرٌ Water in a narrow place. (IAar.) b5: And The brink, or edge, of a cave, or cavern. (AA, O, K.) One says, لَا تَمْشِ عَلَى هٰذَا الضَّرَرِ [Walk not thou on this brink, or edge, of a cave]. (AA, O.) ضَرِيرٌ i. q. مُضَارَّةٌ [i. e. Injurious conduct, either in the first instance or in return or requital: &c.: see 3]: (S, A, K:) a subst. in this sense: (TA:) but it is mostly used in the sense here next following. (S, TA.) b2: (tropical:) Jealousy. (S, A, K.) One says, ما أَشَدَّ ضَرِيرَهُ عَلَيْهَا (tropical:) How great is his jealousy on her account! (S, A.) And إِنَّهُ لَذُو ضَرِيرٍ عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ (tropical:) Verily he is jealous on account of his wife. (TA.) b3: Also Spirit (نَفْسٌ), and remains of stoutness of body (بَقِيَّةُ جِسْمٍ): (S, K:) or, as some say, remains of spirit (بَقِيَّةُ نَفْسٍ). (TA.) One says نَاقَةٌ ذَاتُ ضَرِيرٍ A she-camel strong in spirit, slow in becoming fatigued: (S, TA:) also expl. as meaning that injures the [other] camels by the vehemence of her pace, or the hardness of her journeying. (TA.) and بَاقٍ ضَرِيرُهَا, referring to camels, is expl. by As as meaning Whose strength is lasting. (TA.) b4: Also Patience, (S, K,) and endurance. (S.) One says, إِنَّهُ لَذُو ضَرِيرٍ Verily he has patient endurance of evil: (TA:) and إِنَّهُ لَذُو ضَرِيرٍ عَلَى

الشَّرِّ وَالشِّدَةِ Verily he has patient endurance of evil and hardship; (As, S, * TA;) a phrase used in relation to a man and to a beast. (TA.) A2: Also [an epithet] signifying Anything intermixed, or mingled, with ضُرّ [i. e. harm, injury, &c.]; and so ↓ مَضْرُورٌ. (K.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Blind; (S, K;) [a more respectful epithet than أَعْمَى]; pl. أَضِرَّآءُ: (K:) (assumed tropical:) harmed by the loss of an eye, or by a constant and severe disease: (Msb:) (tropical:) diseased: (A, K:) and (assumed tropical:) lean, or emaciated: (K:) affected with a malady of long continuance; or crippled, or deprived of the power to move or to stand or to walk, by disease, or by a protracted disease: (TA:) fem. with ة: (A, K:) and pl. as above. (TA.) b3: And Persevering, and strong. (TA.) [Thus having contr. meanings.] b4: And Very patient (AA, S, K) in endurance of everything; applied to a beast, (AA, S,) and also to a man. (TA.) A3: Also The brink of a valley; (S, K;) the side thereof: one says, نَزَلَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى أَحَدِ ضَرِيرَى الوَادِى, meaning [Such a one alighted] upon one of the two sides of the valley: (S:) pl. أَضِرَّةٌ. (TA.) b2: [Freytag has explained it also, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees, as meaning The last part of a journey.]

ضَرَائِرُ Persons in want, needy, or poor. (S.) b2: Also pl. of ضَرَّةٌ, [q. v.,] (Msb, K, TA,) in various senses. (TA.) ضَرَارَةٌ: see ضَرَرٌ: and ضَرَّآءُ, in two places. b2: Also (assumed tropical:) Blindness. (S, K, TA.) [See 1, last sentence, where it is mentioned as an inf. n.]

ضَرُورَةٌ Necessity, necessitude, need, or want; (Lth, S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ ضَارُورَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ ضَارُورٌ and ↓ ضَارُورَآءُ and ↓ ضَرَّةٌ: (K, TA:) pl. ضَرُورَاتٌ. (TA.) You say, حَمَلَنِى الضَّرُورَةُ عَلَى

كَذَا وَكَذَا [Necessity urged me to do such and such things]. (Lth.) And ↓ رَجُلٌ ذُو ضَارُورَةِ and ضَرُورَةٍ A man in want. (S.) [And hence فِى

الضَّرُورَةِ as meaning In the case of necessity in poetry or verse: and ضَرُورَةً by necessity; meaning by poetic license. See also ضَرُورِيَّةٌ.] b2: and Difficulty, distress, affliction, trouble, inconvenience, fatigue, or weariness. (Msb.) [See also ضُرٌّ, and ضَرَّةٌ, and ضَرَّآءُ.]

ضَرُورِىٌّ [Necessary knowledge]; as opposed to اِكْتِسَابِىٌّ, [natural, bestowed by nature, instinctive, or] such as the creature has by [divine] appointment; and, as opposed to اِسْتِدْلَالِىٌّ, [intuitive, immediate, axiomatic, or] such as originates without thought, or reflection, and intellectual examination of an evidence or a proof. (Kull.) [See also بَدِيهِىٌّ.] b2: [ضَرُورِيَّةٌ as an epithet applied to a proposition means Qualified by the expression بِالضَّرُورَةِ (by necessity). b3: And the pl. ضَرُورِيَّاتٌ means Necessary, or indispensable, things.]

ضَرُورِيَّةٌ Necessity. (See also ضَرُورَةٌ.) b2: As fem. of the epithet ضَرُورِىٌّ, see this latter word.]

ضَرَّآءُ A hurtful state or condition; (IAth;) contr. of سَرَّآءُ: (IAth, Msb:) or hardship, distress, or straitness of condition [or of the means of subsistence, or of the conveniences of life]; (AHeyth;) i. q. شِدَّةٌ; (S, A, K;) as also بَأْسَآءُ, like which it is a fem. n. without a mase.; and accord. to Fr, أَضُرٌّ and أَبْؤُسٌ may be used as pls. of these two ns.: (S:) or, accord. to Az, (assumed tropical:) that [evil] which relates to the person; as disease: whereas بأسآء is that which relates to property; as poverty: (Bd in ii. 172:) or detriment, or loss, with respect to property and with respect to persons; (A, K;) as also ↓ ضَرَّةٌ, or ↓ ضُرَّةٌ, (accord. to different copies of the K,) and ↓ ضَرَارَةٌ: (K:) and [hence] poverty: and punishment: and drought, or barrenness; or vehement, or intense, drought; (TA: [see also ضَارُورَآءُ:]) and (assumed tropical:) disease of long continuance; or such as cripples, or deprives of the power to move or to stand or to walk; (A, K;) as also ↓ ضَرَرٌ, as used in the Kur iv. 97: or, accord. to Ibn-'Arafeh, the latter there means (assumed tropical:) a hurtful malady that cuts one off from serving in war against unbelievers and the like; as also ↓ ضَرَارَةٌ; relating to sight, &c. (TA.) A2: [Also, accord. to Freytag, Tangled trees, in a valley: but the word having this meaning is correctly ضَرَآءٌ, belonging to art. ضرو and ضرى, q. v. And be explains it also as meaning a bare, or an open, place; and the contr. i. e. a place covered with trees; referring to the “ Kitáb el-Addád. ”]

ضَرَّارٌ [That harms, injures, hurts, &c., much]. (TA in art. خلو.) ضَارٌّ [act. part. n. of 1; Harming, injuring, hurting, &c.; or that harms, &c.; noxious, injurious, &c.]. النَّافِعُ الضَّارُّ, an appellation of God, means He who benefiteth and who harmeth whomsoever He will, of his creatures. (TA.) ضَارُورٌ: see ضَرُورَةٌ.

ضَارُورَةٌ: see ضَرَرٌ; and ضَرُورَةٌ, in two places.

ضَارُورَآءُ Drought: and hardship, distress, or adversity. (K.) See also ضَرُورَةٌ. [And see ضُرٌّ, and ضَرَّآءُ.]

صِفَةٌ اضْطِرَارِيَّةٌ i. q. صِفَةٌ خِلْقِيَّةٌ i. e. A natural quality; opposed to اخْتِيَارِيَّةٌ.]

تَضِرَّةٌ and تَضُرَّةٌ: see ضُرٌّ: and for the former see also ضَرَرٌ.

مُضِرٌّ Approaching (K, TA) to a thing: and approaching so near as to harm, injure, or hurt. (TA.) سَحَابٌ مُضِرٌّ means Clouds approaching the earth. (S, A.) A2: Also A man having two wives, (S, K, *) or having [several] wives at the same time. (Msb.) And a woman having a fellow-wife, (TA,) or having fellow-wives; (S, Msb;) having a fellow-wife, or two fellow-wives; as also مُضِرَّةٌ. (K.) A3: And A man having a ضَرَّة [q. v.] of cattle: (TA:) or who has a ضَرَّة of cattle that return to him in the afternoon, or evening, from the place of pasture. (S, TA.) مَضَرَّةٌ A cause, or means, of harm, injury, hurt, mischief, or damage; contr. of مَنْفَعَةٌ: (S, TA:) [and simply] harm, injury, hurt, &c.; syn. ضَرَرٌ: pl. مَضَارُّ. (Msb.) مِضْرَارٌ A woman, and a she-camel, and a mare, that takes fright, and runs away, and goes at random, (تَنِدُّ وَتَرْكَبُ شِدْقَهَا,) by reason of briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness. (IAar, K.) مَضْرُورٌ: see ضَرِيرٌ.

بَيْعُ المُضْطَرِّ, which is forbidden in a trad., is of two kinds: one is The sale that one is compelled to contract against his will; and this is null: the other is the sale to which one is necessitated to consent in consequence of a debt that he has incurred or of a burden that has come upon him, so that he sells at a loss that which is in his possession; and this kind of sale is valid, though disapproved by the people of knowledge. (IAth, TA.)

دب

Entries on دب in 4 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Al-Ṣāḥib bin ʿAbbād, Al-Muḥīṭ fī l-Lugha, Arabic-English Lexicon by Edward William Lane, Al-Khalīl b. Aḥmad al-Farāhīdī, Kitāb al-ʿAin, and 1 more
دب
الدَّبُّ والدَّبِيبُ: مشي خفيف، ويستعمل ذلك في الحيوان، وفي الحشرات أكثر، ويستعمل في الشّراب والبلى ، ونحو ذلك مما لا تدرك حركته الحاسّة، ويستعمل في كلّ حيوان وإن اختصّت في التّعارف بالفرس، قال تعالى:
وَاللَّهُ خَلَقَ كُلَّ دَابَّةٍ مِنْ ماءٍ
الآية [النور/ 45] ، وقال: وَبَثَّ فِيها مِنْ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ [البقرة/ 164] ، وَما مِنْ دَابَّةٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا عَلَى اللَّهِ رِزْقُها [هود/ 6] ، وقال تعالى: وَما مِنْ دَابَّةٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلا طائِرٍ يَطِيرُ بِجَناحَيْهِ [الأنعام/ 38] ، وقوله تعالى: وَلَوْ يُؤاخِذُ اللَّهُ النَّاسَ بِما كَسَبُوا ما تَرَكَ عَلى ظَهْرِها مِنْ دَابَّةٍ [فاطر/ 45] ، قال أبو عبيدة: عنى الإنسان خاصّة ، والأولى إجراؤها على العموم. وقوله: وَإِذا وَقَعَ الْقَوْلُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَخْرَجْنا لَهُمْ دَابَّةً مِنَ الْأَرْضِ تُكَلِّمُهُمْ [الــنمل/ 82] ، فقد قيل: إنها حيوان بخلاف ما نعرفه يختصّ خروجها بحين القيامة، وقيل: عنى بها الأشرار الذين هم في الجهل بمنزلة الدوابّ، فتكون الدابة جمعا لكلّ شيء يَدِبُّ، نحو: خائنة جمع خائن، وقوله: إِنَّ شَرَّ الدَّوَابِّ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ
[الأنفال/ 22] ، فإنّها عامّ في جميع الحيوانات، ويقال: ناقة دَبُوب: تدبّ في مشيها لبطئها، وما بالدار دُبِّيٌّ، أي: من يدبّ، وأرض مَدْبُوبَة:
كثيرة ذوات الدّبيب فيها.
باب الدال والباء د ب، ب د يستعملان

دب: دَبَّ الــنَّمْل يدِبُّ دَبيباً، والمَدِبُّ موضع دَبيب الــنَّمْل. ودَبَّ القومُ يَدِبُّون دَبيباً إلى العَدُوِّ أي مَشَوا على هَيْنَتِهم ولم يسرعوا. والدَّيدَبة: العُجْروف من الــنَّمْلــ، وذلك أنّه أوسعُ خَطْوا وأعجَلُ نَقْلاً. والدَّبابةُ: آلة تتخذ في الحروب يدخل فيها الرجال بسلاحهم، ثم تُدْفَع في أصل حِصنٍ فيَنْقُبون وهم في جَوْفِها. والدُّبَّة لزومُ حالِ الرجلِ في فِعاله، وتقول: رَكِبَ فلانٌ دُبَّة فلانٍ واخَذَ بدُبَّتِه أي يعَمَل بعَمَلِه ويركَبُ طريقته. والدُّبُّ من السِّباع مُضِرٌّ عادٍ، والأنثَى دُبَّةٌ، والجميع دِبَبة. وكلُّ شيءٍ مما خَلَقَ اللهُ يُسَمَّى دابّة، والأسمُ العامُّ الدابَّةُ لِما يُرْكَبُ، وتصغيرها دُوَيبَّة، الياء ساكنة وفيها إشمام من الكسرة، وكذلك كلُّ ياءٍ في التصغير إذا جاءَ بعدها حرفٌ مُثَقَّل في كلّ شيء. ودَيابُوذ : ثَوبٌ له سَدّانِ، ويقال: هو كِساءُ، ليست بعربية، وهو بالفارسية دوبود فعُرِّبَتْ.

بد: البُدُّ: بيتُ فيه أصنام وتصاوير، وهو إعرابُ بُت بالفارسية، [وأنشد:

لقد علمت تكاكرة ابن تيري ... غَداةَ البُدِّ أَنّي هِبْرِزيُّ]  ويقال: ليس لهذا الأمر بٌدٌّ أي لا مَحالةَ. والتَبَدُّد: التَفَرُّق، وذَهَبَ القَومُ في الأمر بَدادِ بَدادِ أي تَفَرَّقوا. وجاءَتِ الخيل بَدادِ بَدادِ أي واحداً واحداً . واستَبَدَّ فلان [برأيه] أي انفرَدَ بالأمر . والبِدادُ: لِبْدٌ يُشَدُّ مَبدُوداً على الدابَّةِ الدَّبِرةِ، تقول: بُدَّ عن دَبَرها أي شُقَّ. والبَدَدُ مصدر الأَبَدِّ، وهو الذي في يَدَيْهِ تباعُدٌ عن جَنبَيْهِ. وبِرْذَوْنٌ أبَدُّ، والحائكُ أبداً أَبَدُّ. وفَلاةٌ بَدْبَدٌ: لا أحَدَ فيها. ورجل له جسم وبادُّ وبادُّه: طُولُ فَخِذَيْهِ، والبادّان: باطِنا الفَخِذَينِ. ورجلٌ أَبَدُّ أي عظيم الخَلْقِ، وامرأةٌ بَدّاءُ.
دب
دَبَّ الــنَمْلُ يَدِبُّ دَبِيْباً. والشرَابُ يَدِبُ. والقَوْمُ يَدِبُّوْنَ في الحَرْبِ: إذا مَشَوْا على هِيْنَتِهِم. والمَدَب: مَوْضِعُ دَبِيْبِ الــنَّمْلِ.
والدابةُ: كُلُ ما دَب.
والبِرْدَوْنُ: دابَةٌ، وتَصغِيْرُها دُويبةٌ. ويُقال: دابَّةٌ. وسارَتِ الإبِلُ دَبَادَبى: أي دَبِيْباً من ثِقَلِها. وجاءَ يَسُوْقُ دَبَادَبى: أي شَيْئاً كثيراً من المال. وجاء بِدَبَادُبَيانِ وبِدَبَادُبَيّات. وفي المَثَلِ: " أعْيَيْتَني من شُب إلى دُبّ ". ويقولونَ: " أكْذَبُ مَنْ دَب ودَرَج ".
و" دَبَّتْ عَقَارِبُه ": أي أذَاه وشَرُه.
والدبابَةُ: تُتَخَذُ في الحُرُوْبِ. والدّبةُ: لُزُوْمُ حالِ الرجُلِ في فَعَالِه، رَكِبَ دبَةَ فلانٍ وأخَذَ 
بدُبتِه: أي يَعْمَلُ بعَمَلِه. وما بالدَّارِ دُبي: أي أحَدٌ؛ ودِبِّي.
وجاءَ وهو دَاع داب. وما بها دَبابَةٌ: أي دابةٌ. والدُّبُّ: ضَرْبٌ من السبَاع، والأنْثى دبّةٌ، والجَمِيْعُ دِبَبَةٌ. والدبةُ للبَزْرِ: مَعْرُوْفَة. والمَوْضِعُ الكَثِيرُ الرمْلِ. والدبَبُ: شَعرُ وَجْهِ المَرْأةِ. والدبِيْبُ من الشعرِ: ما تَرَاه مَسْفُوْراً به أسْفَلَ الشَّعرِ في الجَبِيْنِ غير الوَجْهِ، دَببَتِ المَرْأةُ قُصتَها: رَفَعَتْها عن الوَجْهِ. والدُّب من الإبل: ذَوَاتُ الوَبَرِ، جَمَلُ أدَب: كثيرُ الوَبَرِ. وما أكْثَرَ دِبَبَةَ هذه الأرْضِ: أي دَوَابَّها. والدّبَادِبُ: الضخْمُ من الرجَالِ الكَثِيرُ الجَلَبَةِ. والدَّبْدَبَةُ: صَوْتُ الكَمْأةِ تَحْتَ الأرْضِ. وصَوْتُ البَطْنِ. والديْدَبَانُ: حِمَارُ الوَحْشِ. والرقِيْبُ، وكذلك الدَّيْدَبُ. والديْبُوْبُ: الذي يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ الرجَالِ والنسَاءِ، وفي الحَدِيثِ: " لا يَدْخُلُ الجَنةَ دَيْبوْب ". والدبُوْبُ: النحْلُ.
والدبَبُ: وَلَدُ البَقَرَةِ أولَ ما تَلِدُه، والاثْنَانِ دَبَبَانِ، والجَمِيْعُ دِبَابٌ. والدّبَابُ: ثَنَايا من الأرْضِ مِتَانٌ تَعْتَرِضُ للطرِيقِ، الواحِدَةُ دَبَةٌ. والدُّباءُ: اليَقْطِيْنُ، وفي المَثَلِ: " أغَرُّ من الدُّبّاء ". ودَبَابٌ: اسْمُ مَكانٍ. ودُبُّ بنُ مُرَّةَ بنِ ذُهْل.

دب

1 دَبَّ aor. ـِ inf. n. دَبِيبٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K, &c.) and دَبٌّ (M, K,) and مَدَبٌّ, (S, K,) [and perhaps دَبَبٌ also, q. v.,] It, or he, (the ant, T, M, and any animal, M, and in like manner a party moving towards the enemy, T, or an army, and a child, Msb,) [crept; crawled; or] went, or walked, leisurely, or gently, (T, M, Msb, K,) without haste, (T,) عَلَى الأَرْضِ [upon the ground]: (S:) and [simply] he walked: (IAar, T:) he (an old man) [crept along; or] walked leisurely, softly, or gently: (S:) and ↓ دبّب, also, he walked leisurely, by slow degrees. (TA.) Hence, أَكْذَبُ مَنْ دَبَّ وَدَرَجَ The most lying of those who have walked and died, or passed away, or perished: (T:) i. e., of the living and the dead. (T, S, K.) And يَدِبُّ مَعَ القُرَادِ [He creeps about with ticks]; said of a man who brings a small worn-out skin containing ticks, and ties it to the tail of a camel; in consequence of which, when one of the ticks bites it, the camel runs away, and the other camels run away with it; and thereupon he steals one of them: whence it is said of a thief, or stealer of cattle &c. (TA.) And هُوَ يَدِبُّ بَيْنَنَا بِالنَّمَائِمِ (tropical:) [He creeps among us with calumnies, or slanders]. (A, TA.) And دَبَّتْ عَقَارَبُهُ [lit. His scorpions crept along]; meaning (tropical:) his calumnies, or slanders, and mischief, (M, A, K,) crept along; syn. سَرَتْ. (M, K [See also art. عقرب.]) And the same phrase is also used to signify (tropical:) His downy hair crept [along his cheeks]. (MF in art. عقرب.) And دَبَّ قَمْلُهُ [lit. His lice crept]; meaning (tropical:) he became fat: said of a man. (Ham. p. 633.) And دَبَّ الجَدْوَلُ (tropical:) [The rivulet, or streamlet for irrigation, crept along]. (A.) And دَبَّ فِيهِ (tropical:) It crept in, or into, it, or him; syn. سَرَى; (M, A, K;) namely, wine, or beverage, (T, M, A, K,) in, or into, the body, (M, K,) or in, or into, a man, (T,) and into a vessel; (M;) and a disease, or malady, (M, A, K,) in, or into, the body, (M, K,) or فِى عُرُوقِهِ [in his veins]; (A;) and wear in a garment, or piece of cloth; (M, K;) and the dawn in the darkness of the latter part of the night. (M.) b2: دِبِّى حَجَلْ (in the CK حَجَلُ) is the name of A certain game of the Arabs: (K, TA:) the ل is quiescent. (TA.) b3: دُبَّ used as a noun: see below.

A2: دَبَّ [second Pers\. دَبِبْتَ,] aor. ـَ inf. n. دَبَبٌ, He (a camel) was, or became, such as is termed أَدَبُّ; (IAar, T, TA;) i. e., had much hair, or much fur (وَبَر), or much fur upon the face. (TA.) 2 دَبَّّ see 1, first sentence.4 أَدْبَبْتُهُ [third Pers\. أَدَبَّ] I made him (namely, a child, S) [to creep, or crawl, or] to go, or walk, leisurely, or gently. (S, K. [For the correct explanation, حَمَلْتُهُ عَلَى الدَّبِيبِ, Golius seems to have found حملته على الدَّابَّةِ.]) b2: ادبّ البِلَادَ (assumed tropical:) He filled the country, or provinces, with justice, so that the inhabitants thereof walked at leisure (دَبَّ أَهْلُهَا [whence Golius has supposed دَبَّ to signify “ juste se habuit populus ”] M, K, TA) by reason of the security and abundance and prosperity that they enjoyed. (M, TA.) R. Q. 1 دَبْدَبَ, [inf. n. دَبْدَبَةٌ,] He (a man) raised cries, shouts, noises, or a clamour. (AA, T.) b2: And He beat a drum. (AA, T.) دَبٌّ: see دَبَبٌ.

دُبَّ and شُبَّ are used as nouns, by the introduction of مِنْ before them, though originally verbs. (S and K * and TA in art. شب.) One says, أَعْيَيْتَنِى مِنْ شُبَّ إِلَى دُبَّ, (M, K, *) by way of imitation [of a verbal phrase], (M,) and من شُبٍّ الى دُبٍّ, Thou hast wearied me from the time of thy becoming a youth until thy walking gently, [or creeping along, resting] upon a staff: (M, K, * TA:) a prov.: (M, TA:) said alike to a man and to a woman. (TA in art. شب.) and فَعَلْتَ كَذَا مِنْ شُبَّ إِلَى دُبَّ and من شُبٍّ الى دُبٍّ

Thou hast done thus from youth until thy walking gently, [or creeping along, resting] upon the staff. (S.) A2: دُبٌّ: see دُبَّةٌ, in two places.

A3: Also [The bear;] a certain beast of prey, (S, M, K,) well known; (K;) a certain foul, or noxious, animal: (Msb:) a genuine Arabic word: (M:) fem. with ة: pl. [of mult.] دِبَبَةٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and [of pauc.] أَدْبَابٌ. (M, K.) b2: [Hence,] الدُّبُّ (assumed tropical:) The constellation of the Greater Bear: and, accord. to some, that of the Lesser Bear: the former, for distinction, being called الدُّبُّ الأَكْبَرُ; and the latter, الدُّبُّ الأَصْغَرُ. (M, K.) دَبَّةٌ A single act [of creeping, or crawling, or] of going, or walking, leisurely, or gently: pl. دِبَابٌ. (K.) A2: A hill, or heap, or gibbous hill, syn. كَثِيب, (IAar, T, S, M, K,) of sand: (S, K:) and (in some copies of the K “ or ”) a tract of red sand: or an even tract of sand: (K:) or, as in some copies of the K, an even tract of land: (TA:) and a place abounding in sand: (T, L:) pl. as above. (TA.) Hence the prov., وَقَعَ فُلَانٌ فِى دَبَّةً مِنَ الرَّمْلِ [lit. Such a one fell into, or upon, a place abounding in sand]; meaning, (tropical:) into difficulty, or misfortune; for the camel in such a place suffers fatigue. (T.) A3: A certain thing for oil, or ointment; (S;) a receptacle for seeds (بِزْر) and olive-oil: (M, K:) pl. as above. (Sb, M.) A kind of bottle, or pot, (بَطَّةٌ,) peculiarly of glass. (K.) [Form the Pers\. دَبَّهْ.] b2: See also دُبَّآءٌ.

A4: And see دَبَبٌ, in three places.

دُبَّةٌ A way, or road. (S.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A state, or condition: (M, K:) and (tropical:) a way, mode, or manner, of acting &c.; (IAar, T, S, M, A, K;) whether good or evil: (IAar, T:) as also ↓ دُبٌّ, (M, A, K,) in both these senses: (M:) and (assumed tropical:) a natural disposition, temper, quality, or property. (S:) You say, رَكِبْتُ دُبَّتَهُ, and ↓ دُبَّهُ (M, A) (tropical:) I kept to his state, or condition, and his way, mode, or manner, of acting &c.; and did as he did. (M.) And دَعْنِى وَدُبَّتِى (assumed tropical:) Leave thou me and my way, mode, or manner, of acting &c.; and my natural disposition, &c. (S.) دِبَّةٌ A mode, or manner, [of creeping, or crawling, or] of going, or walking, leisurely, or gently. (M, K. *) You say, هُوَ خَفِىُّ الدِّبَّةِ [He has a soft, or stealthy, mode, or manner, of creeping along, &c.]. (M, K:) And دَبَبْتُ دِبَّةً خَفِيَّةً [I crept along in a soft, or stealthy, mode, or manner, of creeping]. (T, S.) A2: Also i. q. ↓ دَبِيبٌ [as meaning Anything that creeps, or crawls, upon the earth; and used as a coll. gen. n.]. (K.) One says, مَا أَكْثَرَ دِبَّةً هٰذَا البَلَدِ [How many are the creeping, or crawling, things of this country, or town!]. (TA.) دَبَبٌ A certain pace, between that termed النَّصْبُ and that termed العَنَقُ: (TA voce نَصَبَ, as on the authority of En-Nadr:) or this is termed ↓ دَبِيبٌ. (TA voce وَسَجَ, as on the authority of En-Nadr and As.) A2: Also Down; syn. زَغَبٌ; (M, K;) and so ↓ دَبَبَانٌ, (K,) and ↓ دَبَّةٌ: (Kr. M:) or down (T, S) of the face, (S,) or upon the face; (T;) and so ↓ دَبَّةٌ, (K,) of which the pl. [or coll. gen. n.] is ↓ دَبٌّ; (M, K;) accord. to Kr, who assigns to it the former meaning, and says that ↓ دَبَّةٌ is syn. with زَغَبٌ, not that it is syn. with زَغَبَةٌ: (M:) or دَبَبٌ signifies hair upon the face of a woman: (TA:) or, as also ↓ دَبَبَانٌ, much hair (M, K) and وَبَر [or camel's fur]: (M:) or both these words signify hair upon the جَبِين [or part above the temple] of a woman. ('Eyn, TT.) A3: Also The young one, when just born, of the [wild] cow: (K:) or when a [wild] bull is a year old, and weaned, he is thus called; and the female, دَبَبَةٌ, and دبان. (TA in art. شب.

[But for “ and دبان,” I think it evident that we should read “ and the pl. is دُبَّانٌ,” or “ دِبَّانٌ,”

like as جُذْعَانٌ and جِذْعَانٌ are pls. of جَذَعٌ. See also شَبَبٌ.]) دَبِبَةٌ: see أَدَبُّ.

دَبَبانٌ: see دَبَبٌ, in two places.

دَبَابِ [an imperative verbal n.,] a call to a female hyena, signifying دِبِّى [i. e. Creep along; or crawl; or go leisurely]: (Sb, T, K:) like نَزَالِ and حَذَارِ. (Sb, T.) دَبَابٌ The pace, or motion, of a she-camel that can scarcely walk, by reason of the abundance of her flesh, and only creeps along, or walks slowly. (T, * TA.) دَبُوبٌ A she-camel that can scarcely walk, by reason of the abundance of her flesh, and that only creeps along, or walks slowly: (S:) pl. دُبُبٌ. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Fat; (T, M, K;) as an epithet applied to a she-camel, (T,) or to any thing [or animal]. (M, K.) b3: (assumed tropical:) One who creeps about with calumny, or slander; as also ↓ دَيْبُوبٌ: (T, K: *) or the latter signifies (assumed tropical:) one who calumniates, or slanders, much, or habitually; as though he crept about with calumnies, or slanders: (M:) or (assumed tropical:) one who brings men and women together; (T, M, K;) because he creeps about between them, and hides himself: (T:) i. q. دَيُّوثٌ. (M, in TA, art. ديث.) b4: جِرَاحَةٌ دَبُوبٌ (assumed tropical:) A wound that flows with blood. (K.) and طَعْنَةٌ دَبُوبٌ (assumed tropical:) A thrust, or stab, that makes the blood to flow. (K.) A2: (assumed tropical:) A deep cave, or cavern. (K.) دَبِيبٌ inf. n. of دَبَّ [q. v.]. (T, S, M, &c.) See also دَبَبٌ.

A2: And see also دَابَّةٌ, and دِبَّةٌ.

دُبَّآءٌ and ↓ دَبَّةٌ The gourd: (M, K:) or round gourd: or dry gourd: but this is said by Ibn-Hajar to be a mistake of En-Nawawee; and he asserts it to be i. q. يَقْطِينٌ [q. v.]: or it is the fruit of the يقطين: (TA:) n. un. of the former with ة. (M, K.) Accord. to F [and ISd] and several others, this is the proper art. of the former word, the ء being considered by them augmentative: accord. to Z and others, its proper art. is دبى: and some also allow its being written and pronounced دُبًّى: this is mentioned by Kz and 'Iyád as a dial. var. of دُبَّآء. (TA.) [See an ex. voce رِشَآءٌ, in art. رشو.]

مَا بِالدَّارِ دُبِّىٌّ and دِبِّىٌّ There is not in the house any one: (S, M, * K:) دُبِّىٌّ being from دَبَبْتُ; i. e. مَنْ يَدِبُّ; and it is not used in any but a negative phrase. (Ks, S.) [See also دِبِّيجٌ and دِبِّيحٌ.]

دُبَّآءَةٌ A locust while smooth and bare, before its wings have grown. (Mentioned in the TA in this art., but not there said to belong to it. [See art. دبى.]) b2: [See also دُبَّآءٌ, of which it is the n. un.]

دَبَّابٌ An animal that is weak, and creeps along, or walks slowly: fem. with ة. (TA from a trad.) دَبَّابَةٌ fem. of دَبَّابٌ. (TA.) b2: [Also, as a subst., The musculus, or testudo;] a machine (M, * Mgh, * K, TA) made of skins and wood, (TA,) used in war; (M, Mgh, K, TA;) men entering into [or beneath] it, (Mgh, TA,) it is propelled to the lower part of a fortress, and they make a breach therein (M, Mgh, K, TA) while within the machine, (M, K, TA,) which defends them from what is thrown upon them from above: (TA:) it is also called ضَبْرٌ. (Mgh.) دَبْدَبٌ The walk of the long-legged ant. (M, K.) In the T it is said that ↓ دَبْدَبَةٌ signifies The long-legged ant [itself: but this is perhaps a mistranscription]. (TA.) دَبْدَبَةٌ [inf. n. of R. Q. 1, q. v.] b2: Any quick motion, or pace, performed with short steps: (M:) and any sound like that of solid hoofs falling upon hard ground: (M, K:) a certain kind of sound [like the tramp of horses, as is indicated by an ex.]: (S:) or cries, shouts, noises, or clamour: (A:) and دَبَادِبُ [is its pl., and] signifies a sound like دُبْ دُبْ; an onomatopœia. (T.) A2: [A kind of drum;] a thing resembling a طَبْل: pl. دَبَادِبُ. (Mgh, Msb. [See also دَبْدَابٌ.]) A3: Milk such as is termed رَائِب, upon which fresh is milked: or the thickest of milk; as also ↓ دَبْدَبَى. (K.) A4: See also دَبْدَبٌ.

دَبْدَبَى: see the next preceding paragraph.

دَبْدَابٌ A drum; syn. طَبْلٌ. (M, K. [See also دَبْدَبَةٌ.]) دُبَادِبٌ Very clamorous; (IAar, T, K;) as also جُبَاجِبٌ: (IAar, T:) or both signify very evil, or mischievous, and clamorous. (Az, in TA, art. جب.) b2: And A bulky, or corpulent, man. (K.) دَابَّةٌ [originally a fem. part. n.], for نَفْسٌ دَابَّةٌ, (M,) [or the ة is added لِلنَّقْلِ, i. e. for the purpose of transferring the word from the category of epithets to that of substs.,] Anything that walks [or creeps or crawls] upon the earth; as also ↓ دَبِيبٌ: (S: see دِبَّةٌ:) an animal that walks or creeps or crawls (يَدِبُّ); (M, A, K;) discriminating and not discriminating: (M:) any animal upon the earth: (Msb:) it is said in the Kur [xxiv. 44], وَاللّٰهُ خَلَقَ كُلَّ دَابَّةٍ مِنْ مَآءٍ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِى عَلَى بَطْنِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِى عَلَى رِجْلَيْنِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَمْشِى عَلَى أَرْبَعٍ [And God hath created every دابّة of water (meaning of the seminal fluid); and of them is he that goeth upon his belly, and of them is he that goeth upon two legs, and of them is he that goeth upon four]: here, as دابّة applies to a rational and an irrational creature, the expression فمنهم is used; for which, if it applied only to an irrational creature, فَمِنْهَا or فَمِنْهُنَّ would be used: moreover, the expression من يمشى is used, though دابّة applies originally to an irrational creature, [or rather a beast, and a reptile,] because the different classes of beings are spoken of collectively: (M:) and this passage of the Kur refutes the assertion of him who excludes the bird from the significations of this word: (Msb:) in the last verse but one of ch. xxxv. of the Kur, it is said to relate to mankind and the jinn (or genii) and every rational being; or to have a general signification: (M:) its predominant signification is a beast that is ridden: (S, M, A, K:) especially a beast of the equine kind; i. e. a horse, a mule, and an ass: (Kull:) or particularly a بِرْذَوْن [meaning hackney, or horse for ordinary use and for journeying: (M:) but as particularly applied, when used absolutely, to a horse and a mule, it is an adventitious conventional term: (Msb:) it is applied to a male and a female: (M, A, Msb, K:) and is properly an epithet: (M:) pl. دَوَابُّ. (Msb, TA.) The dim. [signifying Any small animal that walks or creeps or crawls upon the earth, a small beast, a small reptile or creeping thing, a creeping insect, and any insect, and also a mollusk, a shell-fish (as in an instance cited voce مَحَارَةٌ in art. حور) and the like,] is ↓ دُوَيْبَّةٌ, (Zj, T, Msb,) in which the ى is quiescent, but pronounced with إِشْمَام [i. e. a slight approximation to the sound of kesr], as it is in every similar case, in a dim. n., when followed by a doubled letter: (Zj, T:) and ↓ دُوَابَّةٌ also has been heard, with the ى changed into ا anomalously. (Msb; and L in art. هد, on the authority of ISd.) b2: دَابَّةُ الأَرْضِ [The Beast of the Earth] is an appellation of one of the signs of the time of the resurrection: (S, M, K:) or the first of those signs. (K.) It is said to be a beast sixty cubits in length, or height, with legs, and with fur (وَبَر), and to be diverse in form, resembling a number of different animals. (TA.) It will come forth in Tihámeh, or between Es-Safà and ElMarweh, (M,) or at Mekkeh, from Jebel Es-Safà, which will rend open for its egress, during one of the nights when people are going to Minè; or from the district of Et-Táïf; (K) or from three places, three several times. (M, K.) It will make, upon the face of the unbeliever, a black mark; and upon the face of the believer, a white mark: the unbeliever's mark will spread until his whole face becomes black; and the believer's, until his whole face becomes white: then they will assemble at the table, and the believer will be known from the unbeliever. (M.) It is also said that it will have with it the rod of Moses and the seal of Solomon: with the former it will strike the believer; and with the latter it will stamp the face of the unbeliever, impressing upon it “ This is an unbeliever. ” (K.) b3: See also أَرَضَةٌ.

دَيْبُوبٌ: see دَبُوبٌ.

دُوَابَّةٌ: dims. of دَابَّةٌ, q. v.

دُوَيْبَّةٌ: dims. of دَابَّةٌ, q. v.

أَدَبٌّ Having down (K, TA) upon the face: (TA:) or having much hair: (M, K:) and having much وَبَر [or fur]: (M:) it is applied to a man: (M:) and to a camel, (M, K,) in the second of these senses, (K, TA,) or in the third sense, or as meaning having much fur upon the face; (TA;) or i. q. أَزَبُّ: (M:) and occurs in a trad. written أَدْبَب, (M, K,) to assimilate it in measure to a preceding word, namely, حَوْءَب: (M:) the fem. is دَبَّآءُ; with which ↓ دَبِبَةٌ is syn.; (M, K;) signifying a woman having hair upon her face: (TA:) or having much hair upon the جَبِين [or part above the temple]. (M, TA.) مَدِبٌّ and مَدَبٌّ The track, or course, of a torrent, (S, M, K, *) and of ants: (S, K:) pl. مَدَابُّ. (TA.) One says, of a sword, لَهُ أَثْرٌ كَأَنَّهُ مَدَبُّ الــنَّمْلِ and مَدَابُّ الذَّرِّ [It has diversified wavy marks like the track of ants and the tracks of little ants]. (TA.) The subst. is with kesr; and the inf. n., with fet-h; accord. to a rule constantly obtaining, (S, * K, * TA,) except in some anomalous instances, (TA,) when the verb is of the measure فَعَلَ (S, K, TA) or فَعِلَ, (TA,) and its aor. is of the measure يَفْعِلُ. (S, K, TA.) [Here it should be observed that مَجْرًى, given as the explanation of مَدِبٌّ and مَدَبٌّ in the K, is both an inf. n. and a n. of place and of time: but J clearly explains both these words as above; and F seems, in the K, to assign to them both the same signification.]

أَرْضٌ مَدَبَّةٌ A land abounding with دِبَبَة [or bears]. (T, S, M. *) مُدَبَّبٌ, like مُعَظَّمٌ, (TA,) or مِدْبَبٌ, (so in a copy of the T, according to the TT,) an epithet applied to a camel, (T, TA,) signifying الذى يمشى دبادب (TA) [app. دَبَادِبَ, and if so it seems to mean That walks quickly, with short steps: or that makes a sound with his feet, like دُبْ دُبْ: see دَبْدَبَةٌ: but in the TT it is written دَباْ دَباْ; perhaps correctly دَبًّا دَبًّا, creeping and creeping].

دم

Entries on دم in 6 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Arabic-English Lexicon by Edward William Lane, Al-Rāghib al-Isfahānī, al-Mufradāt fī Gharīb al-Qurʾān, Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes by Reinhart Dozy, and 3 more
دم
أصل الدّم دمي، وهو معروف، قال الله تعالى: حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ [المائدة/ 3] ، وجمعه دِمَاء، وقال: لا تَسْفِكُونَ دِماءَكُمْ [البقرة/ 84] ، وقد دَمِيَتِ الجراحةُ، وفرس مَدْمِيٌّ: شديد الشّقرة، كالدّم في اللّون، والدُّمْيَة صورة حسنة، وشجّة دامية.
دم: دِمّ: انظر الكلمة التالية.
دِمَّة: بمعنى سنور وهي كلمة حبشية (دمات، ديلمان معجم الحبشية ص1036) وكانت الكلمة مستعملة في اليمن نحو أواخر القرن السادس عشر لأن مؤرخاً يمنياً في ذلك الحين قد ذكر كلمة دِمَم (رونجرز ص165) ويذكر الدميري هذه الكلمة دِمَّ غير أن روتجرز يقول في (ص170) إنها خطأ.
بَاب الدَّم

أخبرنَا أَبُو عمر عَن ثَعْلَب عَن سَلمَة عَن الْفراء قَالَ الدَّم جمع دمة مثل تَمْرَة وتمر وَهِي الْبِئْر البروض والبروض القليلة المَاء والجم الْكثير من كل شَيْء والثم الْإِصْلَاح وَالأُم الْقَصْد والحمم الألية المذابة قَالَ وأنشدنا

(يهم فِيهَا الْقَوْم هم الحم ... والخم الكنس والتنظيف والخم حلب اللَّبن) والخم الثَّنَاء الطّيب يُقَال فلَان يخم ثِيَاب فلَان إِذا أثنى عَلَيْهِ خيرا والخم تغير رَائِحَة القرص إِذا لم ينضج والخم الْقطع والرم إصْلَاح الشَّيْء والرم أكل مَا سقط من الطَّعَام والزم التكبر والزم التأهب للرحيل والسم خرق الإبرة والطم الزَّائِد من كل شَيْء فِي الْخَيْر وَالشَّر

قَالَ ابْن خالويه يُقَال بالطم بِفَتْح الطَّاء فَإِذا أزوجته بالرم كسرت الطَّاء فَقلت جَاءَ بالطم والرم وَهَذَا حرف نَادِر فاعرفه ذكره يَعْقُوب فِي الْمُذكر والمؤنث

وَالْعم جمَاعَة من النَّاس واللم الْأكل الشَّديد والنم الرجل النمام والهم إذابة الشَّحْم وَالله أعلم

دم
الدَّمُّ: الفِعْلُ من الدِّمَامِ؛ وهو كُلُّ دَوَاءٍ يُلْطَخُ على ظاهِرِ العَيْنِ. والدُمَدِمُ: داءٌ مَعْرُوفٌ. والدَمَامُ: النَؤُوْرُ؛ ويُطْلَى على اللِّثَةِ حَتّى يَرْسَخَ. والشَّيْءُ السمِيْنُ كأنَهُ دُمَ بالشحْمِ دَماً؛ فهو مَدْمُوْمٌ. وتَدْمِيْمُ الكَمْأةِ: أنْ تُسَوَيَ الأرْضَ عليها. والدَمنَةُ: دِمةُ الغَنَمِ؛ وهي الدِّمْنَةُ، سُمَيَتْ بذلك لأنَّها دُمتْ بالبَوْلِ والبَعْرِ.
ودَمَمْتُ البَيْتَ أدُمُه: إذا طَيَّنْتَه، والقِدْرَ: إذا عالَجْتَها بطِحَالٍ تَطْليها به. وباتَ الفَرَسُ يَدُمُ الفَرَسَ حَتى الصَبَاح: إذا نَزَا عليها دائباً. وتَدَامَ الجَمَلُ الناقَةَ: تَغَشَّاها. ودَمَمْتُ البَعِيرَ: إذا أوْقَرْتَه؛ أدُمه.
ودَمَمْتُه في السوْقِ: زَجَيْته رُويداً.
ودَمَمْتُ المالَ: إذا أصْلَحْتَه. والدمُ: الرفْقُ. ودَمَمْتُ رَأسَه: شَجَجْتُه. ودَمَّ القَوْمَ يَدُمهم: أي أهْلَكَهم. والدَّمَامَةُ: مَصْدَرُ الدَمِيْمِ، يقولون: أسَاءَ وأدَمَّ: أي قَبَّحَ. ودَم يَدِمُّ وَيدُمُّ، ودَمَمْتَ يا فُلان. وأدَمَّتِ المَرْأةُ: وَلَدَتْ دَمِيْماً. ودُفتْ فلانةُ بغُلامٍ. والدّاماءُ: بَيْتُ اليَرْبُوْعِ، ويُقال له: الدُّمَمَةُ والدًّمَّةُ. ودَمَ: إذا عَذبَ. والدَّمْدَمَةُ: الهَلاَكُ المُسْتَأصِلُ. والدوَدِمُ: شَيْءٌ يَخْرُجُ من السَّمُرِ كالصمْغِ، ويُقال: دُوَادِمُ. والدَنْدِمُ: الصَليَانُ المُحِيْلُ. والدَّمَادِمُ من الأرْضِ: الروَابِي السهْلَةُ. والدمةُ: الصَّغِيرَةُ من الــنَّمْلِ والقَمْلِ. والدَّمُ: لُغَةٌ في الدَمِ - خَفِيْفٌ -.
باب الدال والميم د م، م د يستعملان

دم: الدَّمُّ: الفِعل من الدِّمام، وهو كُلُّ دَواءٍ يُلطخ به على ظاهِر العَيْن، قال: تَجْلُو بقادَمِتَيْ حَمامةِ أَيْكَةٍ ... بَرَداً تُعَلُّ لِثاتُهُ بدِمامِ

يعني النُّؤور قد طُلِيَت به حتى رَسَخَ. ويقال للشيء السمين كأنَّما دُمَّ بالشَّحْمِ دَمّاً [وقال علقمة:

كأنّه من دَمِ الأجْواف مَدمُوم]

ويُدَمُّ الصَّدُعُ بالدَّمِ والشَّعرِ المُحْرَقِ يُجْمَع بينهما، ثم يُطلَى الصَّدْعُ فيُعَضُّ عليه ويُشَدُّ، وقد دَمَمنْا يَدَيهِ بالشَّعْرِ والصُوفِ والدِّمامِ دَمّاً والدَّمامةُ مصدر الشيء الدَّميمِ. وأساء فلانٌ وأدَمَّ أي أَقْبَحَ، والفعل اللازم: دم يدم، ولغةٌ ثانية على قياس فَعَل يفعُل، وليس في باب التضعيف على فَعَل يَفْعِلُ غير هذا. وتقول: دَمَمْتَ يا هذا، وإذا أرَدْتَ اللازمَ قُلتَ: دَمِمْتَ. والدَّأْماءُ: بَيْتُ اليَرْبوع غيرُ القاصِعاء والنافِقاء، والجَميعُ الدَّأْماوات. والدمدمة: الهلاك المتأصل. مد: المَدُّ: الجَذْبُ، والمَدُّ: كَثرةُ الماء أيّامَ المُدودِ. ومَدَّ النَّهرُ، وامتَدَّ الحَبْلُ، هكذا قالته العَرَب. والمَدَدُ: ما أمدَدْتَ به قوماً في الحربِ وغيره من الطعام والأعوان. والمادّةُ: كُلُّ شيءٍ يكون مَدَداً لغيره، ويقال: دَعُوا في الضَّرْعِ مادَّةَ اللَّبَنِ، والمتروكُ في الضَّرْعِ هو الدّاعية، وما اجتَمَعَ إليه هو المادّةُ. والمادَّةُ: أَعرابُ الإِسلام، وأصل العرب وهم الذين نَزَلوا البَوادي. والمِدادُ: ما يُكتَبُ به، يقال: مُدَّني يا غلامُ، أي أَعطِني مُدَّةً من الدَّواةِ، وأمدِدْني جائز، فإِن قُلتَ: أَمِدَّني خُرِّجَ على مجرى المَدَد بها والزِّيادة ويكون في معنى المَدَد . والمَديدُ: شَعيرٌ يُجَشُّ ثم يُبَلُّ فتَضفَره الاِبِل. والمُدَّة: الغاية، وتقول: هذه مُدَّة عن غَيْبَته، وله مُدَّة أي غاية في بقاء عَيشِه. ومَدَّ اللهُ عُمْرَكَ أي جَعَلَ لعُمْرِكَ مُدَّةً طويلة. والمُدُّ نصف صاعٍ، والصّاعُ خمسةُ أرطالٍ وثُلْث، ويقال: إنّه مِثلُ القَفيزِ السناني (كذا) . ولعبة للصِّبيان يقال لها: مِداد قيس. والتَمَدُّد كتَمَدُّدِ السِّقاء، وكذلك كلُّ شيءٍ يبقى فيه شِبْهُ المَدِّ. والامتِدادُ في الطول، وامتَدَّ بهم السَّيْرُ أي طالَ. وأمَدَّ الجُرْحُ أي: اجتمعت فيه المِدَّة. وسُبحانَ اللهِ مدادَ كلماتِه من المَدِّ لا من المداد الذي يُكتَبُ (به) ، ولكنَّ معناه على قَدْر كَثرتها وعَدَدها. والأَمِدّةُ: المِساك في جانِبَي الثوب إذا ابتُدِىءَ في عَمَلِه، والتثنيةُ أَمِدّانِ بوزن أفعِلانِ. والمدَيد: بَحرٌ من العَروض نحوُ قوله:

يا لَبَكرٍ انشروا لي كُلَيباً ... يا لَبَكْرٍ أينَ أين الفِرارُ

دم

1 دَمَّ, (S, M, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb,) inf. n. دَمٌّ, (T, M, Msb,) He smeared, or did over, (S, M, Msb, K,) a thing, (S, M, K, *) or the face, (Msb,) with any kind of dye [or the like]: (S, Msb:) and a house, or chamber, with [plaster of] gypsum, (T, M, K,) or with mud or clay, (T,) and with [a wash of] quick lime: (TA:) and a ship with tar: (M, K:) and an eye, externally, (Lth, T, K,) or a pained eye, externally, (M,) with a دِمَام, (Lth, T, M, K,) i. e. any medicinal liniment, (Lth, T,) such as aloes, and saffron; (TA;) as also ↓ دمّم: (Kr, M, K:) [or this latter, probably, has an intensive signification: see also R. Q. 1:] and دَمَّتْ, aor. and inf. n. as above, said of a woman, she smeared the parts around her eye with aloes or saffron: (M:) or دَمَّتِ العَيْنَ she applied a collyrium to the eye; or smeared it with a دِمَام. (Msb.) You say also, دَمَّ القِدْرِ, aor. and inf. n. as above, He smeared, or did over, the [stone] cooking-pot with blood or spleen, [or with liver, (see دَمِيمٌ,]) after repairing it: (Lh, M:) and دُمَّت it (the [stone] cooking-pot) was smeared, or done over, with blood or spleen [or liver], after it had been repaired: (T:) or was plastered with mud or clay, and with gypsum. (TA.) And دَمَّ الصَّدْعِ, aor. and inf. n. as above, He smeared over the crack with blood and burnt hair mixed together; as also ↓ دَمَّمَهُ. (M.) b2: [Hence,] دُمَّ بِالشَّحْمِ, said of a camel &c., (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, loaded [or overspread] with fat; syn. أَوْقَرَ or أُوْقِرَ. (So accord. to different copies of the S.) And دُمَّ [alone], inf. n. as above, (tropical:) He (a camel) had much fat and flesh, so that one could not feel in him the prominence of a bone. (T, TA.) And دُمَّ وَجْهُهُ حُسْنًا (assumed tropical:) His face was [flushed,] as though it were overspread, with beauty. (M.) b3: [Hence also,] بِمَ دَمَّتْ عَيْنَاهَا, [so I find it written, but I think it should be دُمَّتْ,] meaning (tropical:) What did she bring forth? or what has she brought forth? a male or a female? and دمّت فُلَانَةُ بِغُلَامٍ [the verb (here written without any vowel-sign) being app. دُمَّتْ, meaning دُمَّتْ عَيْنَاهَا, because offspring, and especially boys, are among the things by which the eye is said to be refreshed, as it is by the application of a دِمَام,] (tropical:) Such a woman brought forth a boy. (TA.) b4: دَمَّ الأَرْضَ, (M, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (M,) He made the earth, or ground, even, (M, K,) as is done after turning it over for sowing. (M.) And دَمَّ جُحْرَهُ, said of the Jerboa, (T, S, M, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (T,) It stopped up the mouth of its hole with its نَبِيشَة [or earth which it had extracted]: (T:) or it filled up its hole with earth: (S:) or it covered over its hole and made it even. (M, K.) And دَمَّ الكَمْأَةَ He made the earth, or dust, even over the truffles. (K.) And دَمَمْتُ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ I covered over the thing; (T, TA;) as also دَمَمْتُ الشَّىْءَ: (Ham p. 461: [see also R. Q. 1:]) and in like manner, دَمَمْتُ عَلَيْهِ القَبْرَ [I covered up the grave over him]: and ↓ دَمْدَمْتُ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ I buried the thing, making the ground even over it. (T, TA. *) b5: دَمَّهُ, (K,) or دَمَّ رَأْسَهُ, (T, M,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (M,) (assumed tropical:) He broke his head: (M, K:) or he struck, or beat, and broke, his head: (T:) or it signifies, accord. to Lh, (M,) or signifies also, (K,) he struck, or beat, his head, (M, K,) whether he broke it or not. (M.) And دَمَّ ظَهْرَهُ, aor. and inf. n. as above, (tropical:) He struck, or beat, his back with a brick, (M, TA,) and with a staff or stick, or with a stone: a tropical meaning, as is said in the A. (TA.) b6: دَمَّهُمْ, (Lh, T, M, K,) aor. as above, (Lh, T, M,) and so the inf. n., (M,) (assumed tropical:) He crushed them (طَحَنَهُمْ), and destroyed them; (Lh, T, M, K;) as also ↓ دَمْدَمَهُمْ, and عَلَيْهِمٌ ↓ دَمْدَمَ: (M, K:) or this last (دمدم عليهم) signifies He (God) destroyed them: and الشَّىْءَ ↓ دَمْدَمْتُ, I made the thing to cleave to the ground, and scattered it, or broke it, destroying it. (S.) ↓ فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمٌ رَبُّهُمْ, (M, TA,) in the Kur [xci. 14], (TA,) means And their Lord crushed them (طَحَنَهُمْ), and destroyed them: (M, TA:) or made punishment to fall, or come, upon them in common, or universally; expl. by أَطْبَقَ عَلَيْهِمُ العَذَابَ: (Zj, T, Bd, Jel, TA:) or made the earth to quake with them: (Fr, T, TA:) or was angry with them: (IAmb, T:) or spoke to them in anger: (TA:) for [the inf. n.] دَمْدَمَةٌ signifies the being angry: (M, K:) and the speaking so as to disquiet, or agitate, a man: (T, TA:) and دَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِ he spoke to him in anger. (M, K.) Yousay also, دَمَّ فُلَانًا, meaning He (a man, IAar, T) punished such a one fully, or completely; (IAar, T, K;) as also ↓ دَمْدَمَهُ: (TA:) [or perhaps دَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِ; for Az says, in another place, at the close of this art.,] IAar says that دَمْدَمَ signifies he punished fully, or completely; or inflicted a full, or complete, punishment. (T.) b7: دَمَّ الحِجْرَ, (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) said of a stallion horse, He leaped the mare. (K.) b8: دَمَّ, (M, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (M,) also signifies He hastened; syn. أَسْرَعَ [app. in a trans. sense; for otherwise, accord. to rule, the aor. should be يَدِمُّ, with kesr]. (M, K, TA. In the CK, [erroneously,] اَصْرَعَ.) A2: دَمَّ; (T, Msb;) sec. Pers\. دَمَمْتَ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (Ks, Lh, T, S, M, Msb, K) and دَمُّ; (S, M, K;) and دَمِمْتَ, (M, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Az, T, Msb;) and دَمُمْتَ, (T, M, Msb, K) aor. ـُ (T, Msb;) inf. n. (of the last, TA, or of all, M) دَمَامَةٌ; (S, M, K;) the last of these verbs mentioned by IKtt on the authority of Kh; (TA;) and [said to be] the only instance of its kind, among reduplicative verbs, (T, Msb, TA,) except لَبُبْتَ and شَرُرْتَ (Msb, TA) and فَكُكْتَ, mentioned in the K, and عَزُزَتِ الشَّاةُ, mentioned by IKh; (TA;) He (a man, T, S, Msb) was, or became, such as is termed دَمِيم [q. v.]: (Ks, Lh, T, S, Msb:) or he did evil; syn. أَسَآءَ. (M, K. [See also 4.]) 2 دَمَّّ see 1, in two places.4 ادمّ He did what was bad, evil, abominable, or foul; syn. أَقْبَحَ (Lth, T, K) and أَسَآءَ: (Lth, T: [see also 1, last sentence: in the K, also, and in the M, the sec. Pers\., أَدْمَمْتَ, is explained as meaning أَقْبَحْتَ الفِعْلَ, which is a pleonasm for أَقْبَحْتَ:]) or he had a child, or offspring, borne to him such as is termed دَمِيمٌ (K, TA) or قَبِيحٌ دَمِيمٌ (so in the CK) in make. (TA.) R. Q. 1 دَمْدَمَ, [inf. n. دَمْدَمَةٌ,] He smeared, or did over, a thing much, or exceedingly, or with energy: and he so covered over a thing. (Ham p. 461. [But the context there indicates that the verb in these two senses should be correctly written دمّم.]) b2: See also 1, near the middle of the paragraph, and in five places after that.

دَمٌّ: see دِمَامٌ: b2: and دَمَّآءُ.

A2: Also a dial. var. of دَمٌ [i. e. Blood: see art. دمو or دمى]: (K:) but ignored by Ks. (T, TA.) دُمٌّ: see دَمِيمٌ.

دُمَّةٌ: see دَامَّآءُ.

A2: Also A way, course, mode, or manner, of acting or conduct or the like. (S, K.) b2: And A certain game. (S, K.) دِمَّةٌ The lodging-place, or nightly lodging-place, (مَرْبِض, [for which Golius appears to have read مريض,]) of sheep or goats; (M, K, TA;) as though [originating] from its being befouled with urine and dung: occurring in a trad., in which it is said that there is no harm in praying in a دمّة of sheep or goats: (M, TA:) but some read, in this instance, دِمْنَة: and some say that دِمَّة is originally دِمْنَة. (TA.) b2: A piece of بَعْر [i. e. camels', sheep's, goats', or similar, dung]: (S, K: [in the CK, البَقَرَةُ is erroneously put for البَعْرَةُ:]) so called because of its despicableness. (TA.) b3: A louse; (Msb, K;) or a small louse: (M, TA:) or (so in the M, but in the Msb and K “ and ”) an ant; (M, K;) because of its smallness; (TA;) or a small ant. (Msb.) b4: And hence, app., (M, TA,) (assumed tropical:) A short and contemptible man. (M, K. [See also دَمِيمٌ.]) b5: And A cat. (K.) دَمِمٌ Blood, or biestings, with which the crevices of stone cooking-pots are stopped up (تُسَدُّ: in the TT and CK, تُشَدُّ). (IAar, M, K, TA.) دُمَمَةٌ: see دَامَّآءُ.

دُمَمَآءُ: see دَامَّآءُ.

دِمَامٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ دَمٌّ (M, K) A thing (S, M, Msb, K) of any kind (S, TA) with which one smears, or does over, (S, M, Msb, K,) the face [&c.]: (Msb:) said by some to be the red pigment with which women redden their faces: (Msb:) and particularly, [i. e. both these words,] (K,) or the former, (S,) a medicinal liniment with which one smears the forehead of a child (S, K) and the exterior of his eyes: (S:) or the former word, a medicament with which the forehead of a child is smeared, called حُضَض or حُضُض: and as some say, [the pigment called] نَؤُور: (TA:) and a collyrium, or liniment, that is applied to the eye: (Msb:) or any medicament with which the exterior of the eye is smeared; (Lth, T;) such as aloes, and saffron: (TA:) and i. q. نَؤُورٌ, which is applied to the gums. (T.) بُصِّرَتْ بِدِمَامٍ, said of the feathers of an arrow, means They were stuck fast with glue: (M, TA:) or they were besmeared with blood. (S in art. بصر.) b2: Also, [i. e. both words,] (K,) or the former word, (T,) (assumed tropical:) Clouds in which is no water; (K, TA;) as being likened to the liniment so called. (TA) دَمِيمٌ, applied to a قِدْر [or cooking-pot], (S, M, K,) or a بُرْمَة [meaning one of stone, (see دِمَمٌ,]) (T,) Smeared, or done over, with spleen (T, S, M, K) or liver (M, K) or blood [or biestings], (T, M, K,) after being repaired; (T, K;) as also دَمِيمَةٌ (T, Lh, M, K) and ↓ مَدْمُومَةٌ: (T, S:) and ↓ دُمٌّ, with damm, [app. pl. of دَمِيمٌ,] signifies cooking-pots (قُدُورٌ) [so] smeared. (IAar, TA.) A2: Also, (S, M, K,) applied to a man, (M, Msb,) Foul, or ugly; syn. قَبِيحٌ: (S, M:) or contemptible: (M, K:) or foul, or ugly, (قَبِيح,) in aspect, and small in body: (Msb:) not pleasing to the eyes: (TA in art. بشع:) دَمِيمٌ relates to the stature; and ذَمِيمٌ, to the dispositions: (IAar, T:) app. from دِمَّةٌ signifying “a louse” and “a small ant:” (Msb:) [see also دِمَّةٌ:] fem. with ة: pl. دِمَامٌ and دَمَائِمُ; the former masc. (M, Msb, K) and fem., (M, K,) and the latter fem. (M, Msb, K.) دُمَّا [or دُمَّى], and دُمَّآءُ, or دَمَّآءُ: see دَامَّآءُ.

دَمَّامٌ One who repairs cooking-pots by cementing them. (Golius from Meyd. See 1.) دَامَّآءُ and ↓ دُمَمَةٌ and ↓ دُمَّةٌ (T, S, K) The hole that is stopped up by the jerboa with the earth that it has extracted; (T, TA; *) and so ↓ دُمَّا [more properly written دُمَّى], or ↓ دُمَّآءُ, each with damm, (TA,) or ↓ دَمَّآءُ: (T, accord. to the TT:) or one of the holes of the jerboa; (S, K;) like رَاهِطَآءُ [q. v.]: (S:) [and so, app., ↓ دَمٌّ, accord. to the KL; there explained as signifying سوراخ موش دشتى:] and also, (K,) or the first and second, (M,) the earth which the jerboa collects and extracts from its hole, and with which it stops up the entrance thereof; (M, K;) or the earth with which it stops up one of its holes: (M:) and ↓ دُمَمَآءُ also signifies the دَامَّآءُ of the jerboa: (IAar, K:) the pl. (of دَامَّآءُ, S) is دَوَامُّ. (S, K.) دَيْمُومٌ and دَيْمُومَةٌ A wide [desert such as is termed] فَلَاة; (M, K, TA;) in which journeying continues long (يَدُومُ [for it is regarded by some as derived from دَامَ, of which دَيْمُومَةٌ is also an inf. n.,]) by reason of its far-extending: (TA:) or a [desert such as is termed] مَفَازَة in which is no water: (S:) or a level tract of land in which are no signs of the way, nor any road, nor water, nor any one to cheer by his presence: pl. دَيَامِيمُ: which is explained as signifying smooth deserts of which the extremities are far apart: and أَرْضٌ دَيْمُومَةٌ signifies a land that is disapproved, disliked, or abominable. (T in art. دوم, and TA.) مِدَمَّةٌ A wooden implement with teeth, with which the earth, or ground, is made even, (M, K,) after it has been turned over for sowing. (M.) كُرٌّ مُدَمَّمٌ (S, K *) [A well] cased with stones or burnt bricks; syn. مَطْوِىٌّ. (S, K.) مَدْمُومٌ [Smeared, or done over, with any kind of dye &c.: fem. with ة]: see دَمِيمٌ. b2: [Hence,] Red. (S.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) Fat in the utmost degree; (M, K;) full of fat; (S, M, K;) as though smeared therewith: (M:) applied to a camel &c.; (S;) or to a human being, and an ass, and a bull, and a sheep or goat, and any beast. (TA.) [Accord. to the KL, it signifies also Heavily laden: but the right explanation is probably laden with fat: see دُمَّ بِالشَّحْمِ, in the first paragraph of this art.]

ذر

Entries on ذر in 5 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Al-Rāghib al-Isfahānī, al-Mufradāt fī Gharīb al-Qurʾān, Al-Ṣāḥib bin ʿAbbād, Al-Muḥīṭ fī l-Lugha, Al-Khalīl b. Aḥmad al-Farāhīdī, Kitāb al-ʿAin, and 2 more
ذر: الذَّرُّ: صِغَارُ الــنَّمْلِــ، والواحِدَةُ ذَرَّةٌ. ومَصْدَرُ ذَرَرْتُ المِلْحَ على الخُبْزِ؛ والدَّوَاءَ اليابِسَ في العَيْنِ، واسْمُ ذلك الدَّوَاءِ: الذَّرُوْرُ.
والذُّرَارَةُ: ما تَنَاثَرَ من الشَّيْءِ الذي تَذُرُّه.
والذَّرِيْرَةُ: فُتَاتُ قَصَبٍ من قَصَبِ الطِّيْبِ.
والذُّرِّيَّةُ فُعْلِيَّةٌ: من ذَرَرْتُ، لأنَّ اللهَ ذَرَّهُم في الأرْضِ ذَرّاً، والجَمِيْعُ الذَّرَارِيُّ، ويُقال: ذِرِّيَّةٌ، وقُرِىءَ: " ذَرِيَّةَ مَنْ حَمَلْنا مَعَ نُوْحٍ " وتَخْفِيْفِ الراء، وذِرِّيَّةَ.
وذَرِّيُّ السَّيْفِ: فِرِنْدُه.
والذَّرِّيُّ: السَّيْفُ الكثيرُ الماءِ.
والذُّرْوْرُ: ذُرُوْرُ الشَّمْسِ وهو أوَّلُ طُلُوْعِها وسُقُوْطِ ضَوْئِها على الأرضِ. وذَرَّ قَرْنُ الشَّمْسِ: طَلَعَ.
ورَجُلٌ ذَرْذَارٌ وثَرْثَارٌ في كَثْرَةِ الكلامِ: بمعنىً.
وذارَّتِ الإِبِلُ عن الماء ذِرَاراً ومُذَارَّةً: إذا أبَتْ أنْ تَشْرَبَه.
واذْرَوْرى بَطْنُه: وهو أن يَمْتَدَّ صِفَاقُه وتَنْحَدِرَ سُرَّتُه.
ذر
عن العبرية بمعنى إكليل من الزهر أو من الغار. يستخدم للذكور.
ذر
الذّرّيّة، قال تعالى: وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي [البقرة/ 124] ، وقال: وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِنا أُمَّةً مُسْلِمَةً لَكَ [البقرة/ 128] ، وقال: إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَظْلِمُ مِثْقالَ ذَرَّةٍ
[النساء/ 40] ، وقد قيل: أصله الهمز، وقد تذكر بعد في بابه.

ذر

1 ذَرَّ, (T, S, M, A, &c.,) aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb,) inf. n. ذَرٌّ, (S, M, K, &c.,) He sprinkled, or scattered, salt (T, * S, A, Msb, K) upon flesh-meat, and pepper upon a mess of crumbled bread with broth, (A,) and a medicament (S, A) into the eye, (A,) and grain (S, A, K) upon the ground, (A,) &c.; (T, Msb, K;) as also ↓ ذَرْذَرَ, inf. n. ذَرْذَرَةٌ: (K:) he took a thing with the ends of his fingers and sprinkled it upon a thing. (M.) You say, ذَرَّ عَيْنَهُ, (TA,) and ذَرَّ عَيْنَهُ بِالذَّرُورِ, aor. ـُ (M, TA,) inf. n. ذَرٌّ, (K, TA,) He put the medicament called ذَرُور into his eye. (M, * K, * TA.) b2: Also, (A,) inf. n. as above, (K,) He spread. (A, K.) You say, ذَرَّ اللّٰهُ عِبَادَهُ فِى الأَرْضِ (tropical:) God spread his servants, or mankind, upon the earth. (M, * A.) Whence the word ذُرِّيَّةٌ. (M, TA.) b3: And ذَرَّتِ الأَرْضُ النَّبْتَ The ground put forth the plant, or plants. (K.) A2: ذَرَّ, (T, S, M, K, &c.,) aor. ـُ [contr. to analogy,] (T, M,) inf. n. ذُرُورٌ, (M,) It (a herb, or leguminous plant,) came up, or forth, (IAar, Az, T, S, K,) from the ground: (Az, S:) or it (a herb, or leguminous plant, and a horn,) began to come forth; put forth the smallest portion of itself. (A.) b2: ذَرَّتِ الشَّمْسُ, (T, S, M, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. ذُرُورٌ, (S, M,) (tropical:) The sun rose; (S, M, K;) and appeared: (M:) or began to rise: شُرُوقُهَا is when its light first falls upon the earth and trees: (T, TA:) and ذَرَّ قَرْنُ الشَّمْس, aor. and inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) The upper limb of the sun rose: (Msb:) or began to rise. (A, TA.) A3: ذَرَّ is also syn. with تَخَدَّدَ [app. as meaning His flesh became contracted, shrunk, or wrinkled]. (K.) A4: Also, (T, K,) aor. ـَ contr. to analogy, (K,) unless ذَرَّ be for ذَرِرَ, (MF,) said of a man, The fore part of his head became white, or hoary. (T, K.) 3 ذَارَّتْ, (aor. ـَ S,) inf. n. مُذَارَّةٌ and ذِرَارٌ, She (a camel) became evil in her disposition. (Fr, S, K.) Hence the saying of Hoteiäh, satirizing Ez-Zibrikán, and praising the family of Shemmás Ibn-Láy, وَكُنْتَ كَذَاتِ البَوِّ ذَارَتْ بِأَنْفِهَا فَمِنْ ذَاكَ تَبْغِى بُعْدَهُ وَتُهَاجِرُهْ i. e. [And thou wast like her who has a stuffed skin of a young camel made for her and placed near her that she may incline to it and yield her milk,] that has inclined to the young one of another; [and on that account desires its distance from her, and severs herself from it:] in the S we find, for البَوِّ, البَعْلِ; and for بُعْدَهُ, غَيْرَهُ; but the former are the correct readings: ذَارَتْ is a contraction of ذَارَّتْ: or, accord. to some, it is for ذَآءَرَتْ: see art. ذأر. (IB and TA.) b2: One says also, فِى فُلَانٍ ذِرَارٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) In such a one is aversion, arising from anger, like that of a she-camel: (Az, S:) or anger and aversion (Th, M, K, TA) and disapprobation. (Th, TA) R. Q. 1 ذَرْذَرَ: see 1, first sentence.

ذَرٌّ The young ones [or grubs] of ants: (M, A, Msb, K:) accord. to Th, (M, TA,) one hundred of them weigh one barley-corn: (M, K:) or, accord. to En-Neysábooree, [who perhaps held ذَرٌّ to signify ant's eggs,] seventy of them weigh a gnat's wing, and seventy gnat's wings weigh one grain: (MF:) or the smallest of ants: (S:) or small red ants: (TA:) or it signifies, (TA,) or signifies also, (A,) the motes that are seen in a ray of the sun that enters through an aperture: (A, * TA:) as though they were particles of a thing sprinkled: and in like manner ذَرَّاتُ الذَّهَبِ [minute particles of gold]: (A:) the sing., (S,) or [rather] n. un., (Msb, K,) is ذَرَّةٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) [of which the pl. is ذَرَّاتٌ.] [See an ex., from the Kur x. 62, voce مِثْقَالٌ.] b2: See also ذُرِّيَّةٌ.

ذَرُورٌ A thing sprinkled: (M:) a dry medicament, (T, TA,) such as is sprinkled in the eye, (T, A, K,) and upon a wound, or sore: (T, TA:) or a kind of إِثْمِد [q. v.]. [Har p. 86.) b2: See also ذَرِيرَةٌ.

ذُرَارَةٌ What falls about, (M, A, K,) of perfume, when one sprinkles it, (A,) or of ذَرُور, (K, TA,) or of what is sprinkled. (M, and so accord. to the CK.) ذَرِيرَةٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ ذَرُورٌ (S, Msb, K) A kind of perfume, (Msb, K,) the particles of the قَصَبُ الطِّيبِ [or calamus aromaticus, also called قَصَبُ الذَّرِيرَةِ, q. v., in art. قصب], (T, M, A, Msb,) which is brought from India, (A, Msb,) and resembles the reeds of which arrows are made: (T, A, Msb:) its internodal portions are filled with a white substance like spiders' webs; and when powdered, it is a perfume, inclining to yellowness and whiteness: (Sgh, Msb:) or, as some say, it is a mixed kind of perfume: (TA:) [but this, if correct, seems to be a second application:] pl. of the latter, أَذِرَّةٌ. (S, K.) ذَرِّىٌّ a rel. n. from ذَرٌّ, (T,) (tropical:) The diversified wavy marks, streaks, or grain, of a sword: (T, M, A, K:) likened to the track of young ants. (M, A.) It occurs in poetry, in which some read دُرِّىٌّ [q. v.]. (M.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) A sword having much of such wavy marks, &c. (K.) ذُرِّيَّةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the most chaste form, (Msb,) and ذِرِّيَّةٌ, (Msb, K,) and ذَرِيَّةٌ, this last without a sheddeh to the ر (Msb,) [respecting the derivation of which see art. ذرأ,] (assumed tropical:) Children, or offspring, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) as also ↓ ذَرٌّ, (Msb,) of a man, (S, K,) [and of genii: see art. ذرأ,] male or female: (IAth:) little ones, or young ones. (Mgh, Msb.) b2: Also (tropical:) Progenitors, or ancestors. (Msb, MF.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) Women. (Mgh, K.) b4: Used in a sing. as well as a pl. sense. (Mgh, Msb, K.) b5: Pl. ذُرِّيَّاتٌ and (sometimes, Msb) ذَرَارِىُّ. (S, Msb, K.) [In the CK, the latter pl., with the article, is written الذَّرَارِى, without a sheddeh to the ى. b6: For examples, see art. ذرأ.]

مِذَرَّةٌ An instrument with which grain is scattered. (K.) مُذَارٌّ A she-camel evil in disposition. (Fr, S, K.) [See 3.]
باب الذال والراء ذ ر، ر ذ يستعملان

ذر: الذَّرُّ: صِغارُ الــنَّمل. والذَّرُّ مصدر ذَرَرْت وهو أَخْذُكَ الشيءَ بأطراف أصابِعكَ تَذُرُّه ذَرَّ المِلْحِ على الخُبْز، وتَذُرُّ الدَّواءَ في العين، والذَّرُورُ اسمُ الدّواء اليابس للعَيْن. والذَّريرةُ: فُتاتُ قَصَبٍ من الطِّيبِ يُجاء به من الهند، كأنَّه قَصَبُ النُّشاب. والذُّرارةُ: ما تناثر من الشيء الذي تَذُرُّه. والذُّرِّيَّةُ فُعْلِيّة من ذّررت لأنّ اللَّهَ ذَرَّهم في الأرض فنَثَرَهُم فيها، كما أنَّ السُرِّية من تَسَرَّرْتُ، والجميع الذَّراريُّ، وإنْ خُفِّفَ جازَ. وذُرُورُ الشمس: طُلوعُها وسُقوطُها على الأرض، وذَرَّ قَرْن الشمس، أي طَلَعَ، قال:

صُورةُ الشمسِ على صُورتِها ... كُلَّما تَغُرُبَ شمسٌ أو تذر  رذ: الرَّذاذ: مَطَرٌ كالغُبار، واحدُها رَذاذَةٌ. ويومٌ مُرِذٌّ، وأرَذَّتِ السماءُ إِرذاذاً ورَذاذاً.

ذم

Entries on ذم in 4 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Al-Rāghib al-Isfahānī, al-Mufradāt fī Gharīb al-Qurʾān, Arabic-English Lexicon by Edward William Lane, Al-Khalīl b. Aḥmad al-Farāhīdī, Kitāb al-ʿAin, and 1 more
باب الذّال والميم ذ م يستعمل فقط

ذم: الذَمُّ: اللَّوْمُ في الإِساءة، ومنه التَذَمُّم، فيقال من التَّذَمُّم: قد قَضَيْتُ مَذَمَّةَ صاحبي، أي أَحْسَنْتُ أن لا أُذَمَّ. ويقال: افعَلْ كذا وكذا وخَلاكَ ذَمٌّ، أي خَلاك لَوْمٌ. والذِّمامُ: كُلُّ حُرْمة تَلزَمُك، إذا ضيَّعْتَها، المَذَمَّةُ، ومنه سُمِّيَ أهلُ العَهْد أهْلَ الذِّمةِ الذين يَرُدّون الجِزْية على رُءوسِهم من المشركين كلِّهم. والذَّمُّ: المذمُومُ الذَّميم.

وفي حديث يونس- عليه السلام-: أنّ الحوتَ قاءه زَرِيّاً ذَمّاً

أي مذموماً مَهْزولاً يُشبِه الهالكَ. والذَّميمُ: بَثْرٌ أمثال بَيْض الــنَّمْل تخرُج على الأنف من الحَرِّ ونحوه، الواحدةُ ذَميمة، ويُجمَع على ذِمامٍ، قال:

وتَرَى الذَّميمَ على مَراسِنهم ... يومَ الهِياج كمازن الجَثْلِ

ويُرْوَى: الــنَّمْل. ورَكِيَّةٌ ذَمَّةٌ: قليلةُ الماء، والجمع الذمام. 
ذم: الذَّمُّ: اللَّوْمُ في إساءَةٍ، ومنه التَّذَمُّمُ. وقَضَيْتُ مَذَمَّتَه: أي أحْسَنْتُ أنْ لا أُذَمَّ. والذِّمُّ: المَذْمُوْمُ الذَمِيْمُ. و " افْعَلْ ذاكَ وخَلاَكَ ذَمٌّ ". وأذَمَّ الرَّجُلُ: أتى ما يُذَمُّ عليه.
وذَمَّ: نَقَصَ.
والمَذِمَّةُ في الرَّضَاعِ: شَيْءٌ يُعْطَاهُ الظِّئْرُ بالذِّمَامِ، وذَمَمْتُه مَذِمَّةً ومَذَمَّةً.
ورَجُلٌ ذَمٌّ وحَمْدٌ: أي مَذْمُوْمٌ.
والذِّمَامُ والذِّمَامَةُ: كُلُّ حُرْمَةٍ تَلْزَمُكَ مَذَمَّةٌ إذا ضَيَّعْتَها، وأهْلُ الذِّمَّةِ من ذلك. ورَعَيْتُ ذِمَّ فلانٍ: أي ذِمَّتَه. ووَفى فلانٌ بما أذَمَّ: أي ما أعْطى من الذِّمَام.
ورَكِيَّةٌ ذَمَّةٌ ورَكَايَا ذِمَامٌ: قَلِيْلَةُ الماءِ.
والذَّمِيْمُ: بَثْرٌ أمْثَالُ بَيْضِ الــنَّمْلِ يَخْرُجُ على الأنْفِ من حَرٍّ أو نَحْوِه.
والتَّذَمُّمُ: الحَيَاءُ.
وثَوْبٌ مُذِمٌّ: إذا كانَ مُنْهِجاً مَعْيُوْباً.
وأذَمَّ المَكانُ: أجْدَب. وبَلَدٌ مُذِمٌّ وذَمِيْمٌ.
ورَجُلٌ مُذِمٌّ: لا حَرَاكَ به.
وذامَمْتُ الشَّيْءَ أُذَامُّه مُذَامَّةً: إذا زَجَّيْتَه وتَبَلَّغْتَ به. وبَقِيَتْ منه ذُمَامَةٌ.
وأذَمَّتْ رِكابُ القَوْمِ إذْماماً: تأَخَّرَتْ عن جَمَاعَةِ الإبل كَلاَلاً.
والذَّمَامَةُ: الهُزَالُ، والذَمِيْمَةُ: المَهْزُوْلَةُ.
وذَمَّ أنْفُه: أي قَطَرَ.
والذَّمِيْمُ: البَوْلُ الذي يَذِمُّ.

ذم

1 ذَمَّهُ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـُ (T, M, Msb,) inf. n. ذَمٌّ (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and مَذَمَّةٌ, (M, K,) He blamed, dispraised, discommended, found fault with, censured, or reprehended, him, in respect of evil conduct; الذَّمُّ signifying اللَّوْمُ (T, Mgh) فِى الإِسَآءَةِ; (T;) contr. of المَدْحُ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) or of الحَمْدُ: (Mgh:) and ↓ ذمّمهُ, (MA,) inf. n. تَذْمِيمٌ, (KL,) signifies the same: (MA, KL:) [or this has an intensive meaning: see its pass. part. n., below.] Hence the saying, اِفْعَلْ كَذَا وخَلَاكَ ذَمٌّ, (T, S, K,) i. e. خَلَا مِنْكَ ذَمٌّ, meaning [Do thou such a thing, and] thou wilt not be blamed; (ISk, S, K;) or thou wilt have an excuse; [lit.] blame will full from thee: (S in art. خلو:) one should not say خَلَاكَ ذَنْبٌ. (ISk, S in the present art.) ذُمَّ, also, signifies He was satirized, particularly in verse. (IAar, T.) And He was made to suffer loss or diminution [app. in respect of his reputation]. (IAar, T.) b2: ذَمَّ المَكَانُ (tropical:) The place was, or became, affected with drought, or barrenness, and its good things [or produce] became scanty. (TA.) [But perhaps ذَمَّ is here a mistranscription for ذُمَّ; for] you say of a land, ذَمَّ مَرْعَاهَا [He dispraised, or discommended, its pasture, when its pasture is scanty]. (S and M and K in art. بذأ.) A2: ذَمَّ, [aor. ـِ said of the nose, (S, K,) It flowed [with ذَمِيم, i. e. mucus]; (K;) like ذَنَّ. (S, K.) And [the aor. ـَ is said of ذَمِيم; (S, K;) like يَذِنُّ; (S, TA;) meaning It flows. (TA.) 2 ذَمَّّ see 1, first sentence.3 فُلَانٌ يُذَامُّ عَيْشَهُ (assumed tropical:) Such a one passes his life contended with scantiness. (TA.) 4 اذمّ He (a man) did [or said] that for which he should be blamed, dispraised, discommended, found fault with, censured, or reprehended; (S;) contr. of أَحْمَدَ. (A in art. حمد.) and إِلَيْهِ ↓ استذمّ, (M, K,) or إِلَى النَّاسِ, (S,) He did to him, or to the people, that for which he should be blamed, &c. (S, M, K.) b2: [Hence,] أَذَمَّتْ رَاحِلَتُهُ (tropical:) His riding-camel ceased going on; as though she made the people to blame her. (TA.) And أَذَمَّتْ رِكَابُهُمْ (tropical:) Their camels upon which they were riding became jaded, and lagged behind, (S, M, K, TA,) not keeping up with the main body of camels; (S, TA;) [as though they made their riders to blame them; or] as though [the idea of] their strength in journeying were derived from ذَمَّةٌ meaning “ a well having little water. ” (TA.) And اذمّ بِهَ بَعِيرُهُ (tropical:) [His camel became jaded, and lagged behind with him]. (S, TA.) And أَذَمَّتْ بِالرَّكْبِ, said of a she-ass, (tropical:) She kept back the company of riders upon camels by her weakness and her ceasing to go on. (TA from a trad.) A2: اذمّهُ He found him, or it, to be such as is blamed, dispraised, &c.; (S, M, K, TA;) contr. of أَحْمَدَهُ. (TA.) One says, أَتَيْتُ مَوْضِعَ كَذَا فَأَذْمَمْتُهُ, i. e. [I came to such a place, and] I found it to be such as is discommended. (S) b2: اذّم بِهِ, (S,) or بِهِمْ, (M, K,) He held him, or them, in little, or light, or mean, estimation, or in contempt: (S, K:) or he left [him or] them blamed, dispraised, &c., among the people. (IAar, M, K.) A3: Also, اذمّهُ, He protected him; granted him protection, or refuge. (S, K.) b2: And اذمّ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ He took, or obtained, a promise, or an assurance, of security or safety, and a compact, or covenant, for him, or in his favour, of, or against, him [i. e. another person, making the latter responsible for his (the former's) security, or safety, &c.]. (M, * K, * TA.) A4: See also the next paragraph.5 تذمّم He shunned, or avoided, (T, * Mgh,) or he preserved, or guarded, himself from, (MA,) blame, dispraise, &c.: (T, * MA, Mgh:) this is the proper meaning; and hence, (Mgh,) he felt disdain, or scorn, and shame. (S, MA, Mgh, K, KL.) One says, لَوْ لَمْ أَتْرُكِ الكَذِبَ تَأَثُّمًا لَتَرَكْتُهُ تَذَمُّمَا [If I did not refrain from lying for the purpose of abstaining from sin, I would refrain from it from a feeling of disdain, or scorn, or shame]. (S, K.) And تذمّم مِنْهُ [He abstained, or refrained, from it to avoid blame, or through disdain, or scorn, or shame; disdained, or scorned, it; or was ashamed of it]. (K in art. حشم.) And Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà mentions his having heard an Arab of the desert use the expression لا يذمّون [app. ↓ لَا يُذِمُّونَ, for the ا in the measure أَفْعَلَ sometimes has a privative property,] meaning They do not shun, or avoid, blame; (لَا يَتَذَمَّمُونَ;) and are not affected with shame. (TA.) It is said in a trad., مِنْ خِلَالِ المَكَارِمِ التَّذَمُّمُ لِلصَّاحِبِ, meaning [Of the properties of generous, or honourable, practices, is] the being regardful of everything that is entitled to reverence, respect, honour, or defence, in the character and appertenances of the companion, or friend, and dispelling from oneself the blame that he would incur from men if he were not regardful thereof. (TA.) And one says, لِلْجَارِ عِنْدَكَ تَذَمُّمٌ and ↓ مُسْتَذَمٌّ [To the neighbour, with thee, is shown regard of everything that is entitled to reverence, respect, honour, or defence, in his character and appertenances: مُسْتَذَمٌّ being app. an inf. n. of ↓ استذمّ, and this being syn. with تذمّم]. (TA.) 6 تذامّوا They blamed, dispraised, discommended, found fault with, censured, or reprehended, one another. (M, K.) 10 استذمّ [He required blame, &c.; as though he called for it; or] he was blamed, or dispraised, &c. (KL.) See also 4, second sentence. b2: and see 5, last sentence. b3: [استذمّ بِذِمَامِهِ is used by post-classical writers, and is perhaps a classical phrase, meaning He begged, or implored, his protection. See an instance in “ Abulfedæ Annales,”

vol. iii. p. 170.] R. Q. 1 ذَمْذَمَ He made his gift small, or scanty. (IAar, T, K.) ذَمٌّ inf. n. of ذَمَّهُ. (T, S, M, &c.) [As a simple subst., Blame, dispraise, or censure.] b2: and [the pl.] ذُمُومٌ signifies Vices, faults, defects, or the like. (M, K. [See ذَامٌّ.]) A2: See also ذَمِيمٌ.

A3: And see ذَمَّةٌ.

ذِمٌّ: see ذَمِيمٌ. b2: Also Excessively lean or emaciated; and perishing: (K:) or like him who is perishing. (T, TA.) b3: See also ذِمَّةٌ.

ذَمَّةٌ [as a subst.]; (T, Mgh;) and بِئْرٌ ذَمَّةٌ, (T, S, M, Mgh, K,) in which the latter word is an epithet, (Mgh,) and ↓ ذِمَّةٌ also, with kesr, (so in one of my copies of the S,) and ↓ ذَمِيمٌ, and ذَمِيمَةٌ; (M, K;) A well containing little water; (T, S, M, Mgh, K;) because discommended: (M, Mgh:) and, (M, K,) as some say, (M,) containing much water: thus having two contr. significations: (M, K:) pl. ذِمَامٌ (T, S, M, K) and ↓ ذَمٌّ, (T, TA,) [or rather the latter is a coll. gen. n., of which ذَمَّةٌ is the n. un.] A poet says, (S,) namely, Dhu-r-Rummeh, describing camels whose eyes were sunk in their sockets by reason of fatigue, (T,) عَلَى حِمْيَرِيَّاتٍ كَأَنَّ عُيُونَهَا ذِمَامُ الرَّكَايَا أَنْكَزَتْهَا المَوَاتِحُ [Upon camels of Himyer that were as though their eyes were wells containing little water which the camels employed to draw it had exhausted]. (T, S.) ذِمَّةٌ A compact, a covenant, a contract, a league, a treaty, an engagement, a bond, or an obligation; (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) because the breaking thereof necessitates blame: (Mgh:) and a right, or due, (حَقٌّ,) for the neglect of which one is to be blamed: (Bd in ix. 8:) [an inviolable right or due:] and ↓ ذِمَامٌ and ↓ مَذِمَّةٌ and ↓ مَذَمَّةٌ signify in like manner a compact, a covenant, &c. as above, for the neglect, or nonobservance, of which a man is to be blamed: (Msb:) or these three words [in the CK the first and last only] signify a right, or due; syn. حَقٌّ: (M, K:) or so the first of them: (T, * S:) and each of them, (M, K,) or the first of them, i. e. ذِمَامٌ, (T, S, Mgh,) i. q. حُرْمَةٌ [which includes all the significations of ذِمَّةٌ likewise, those above and those which follow, but appears here to be used as meaning especially a thing that should be sacred, or inviolable; or which one is under an obligation to reverence, respect, or honour, and defend; everything that is entitled to reverence, respect, honour, or defence. in the character and appertenances of a person]; (S, M, Mgh, K;) every حُرْمَة for the neglect, or non-observance, of which one is to be blamed: (T:) ↓ ذَمَامَةٌ, also, and ↓ ذِمَامَةٌ, are syn. with حَقٌّ and حُرْمَةٌ: (TA:) and ذِمَّةٌ signifies also i. q. أَمَانٌ [as meaning security, or safety; security of life and property; protection, or safeguard; a promise, or an assurance, of security, safety, protection, or safeguard; indemnity; or quarter]; (S, Mgh, Msb, KL, TA;) and so ↓ ذِمَامٌ: (MA, KL: [explained in both by the Pers\. زِنْهَارْ; and in the latter by حُرْمَةٌ and حَقٌّ also:]) and responsibility [for the fulfilment of an obligation, for the payment of a sum of money, for the restitution of a thing, or for the safety, or safe-keeping, of a thing or person]; suretiship; (M, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ ذَمَامَةٌ and ↓ ذِمَامَةٌ; (M, K; [in the former of which, these two words are said to be syn. with ذِمَّةٌ, app. meaning, in all the senses mentioned above;]) and ↓ ذِمٌّ: (M, K: [said in the M to be syn. with ذِمَّةٌ in the first only of the senses mentioned above in this paragraph: in the CK, والذِّمُّ is erroneously put for وَ الذِّمِّ:]) the pl. of ذِمَّةٌ is ذِمَمٌ (T, Msb) and ذِمَامٌ: (T:) and the pl. of ↓ ذِمَامٌ as [a sing.] syn. with [ذِمَّةٌ and] مَذَمَّةٌ and مَذِمَّةٌ is أَذِمَّةٌ. (M, K.) Hence, i. e. from ذِمَّةٌ in the first of the senses explained above, أَهلُ الذِّمَّةِ, (S, Mgh, TA.) and الذِّمِّةُ, (T, M, * Mgh, K, TA,) with the prefixed noun اهل suppressed, (TA,) The people with whom a compact, or covenant, &c., has been made; (T, S, M, K, TA;) [and particularly] those, of the believers in a plurality of Gods, [by which are here meant the Christians, Jews, and Sabians, but no others,] who pay the [tax called] جِزْيَة; (T, TA;) [i. e. the free non-Muslim subjects of a Muslim government, who pay a poll-tax for which the Muslims are responsible for their security and freedom and toleration: see أَهْلٌ:] the appellation ↓ ذِمِّىٌّ, (Mgh, Msb,) a rel. n. from الذِّمَّةُ, (Msb;) is applied to a person of this class; (Mgh, Msb;) because he is rendered secure, or free from fear, for his property and his blood, by means of the جِزْيَة. (Mgh.) جَعَلَ عُمَرُ أَهْلَ السَّوَادِ ذِمَّةً means'Omar treated [lit. made] the people of the Sawád as those who are termed أَهْلُ الذِّمَّةِ. (Mgh.) and أَقْبِلْنَا بِذِمَّةٍ [or أَقْلِبْنَا?], in the prayer of the traveller, means Restore us to our family in safety. (TA.) It is related in a trad. of 'Alee, that he said, ذِمَّتِى بِمَا

أَقُولُ رَهِينَةٌ وَ أَنَا بِهِ زَعِيمٌ, meaning My responsibility is pledged for [the truth of] what I say, and I am answerable for it; (Mgh, TA; *) i. e. this my saying is true, and I am responsible for it. (Mgh.) And it is said in another trad., فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُ الذِّمَّة [Then the responsibility of God is clear, or quit, of him]; i. e. there is given to every one, by God, a covenant whereby He binds Himself to preserve and protect him; and when he throws himself into destruction, or does that which is unlawful for him to do, or acts at variance with that which he is commanded to do, the covenant of God fails to aid him. (TA.) فِى ذِمَّتِى كَذَا means فى ضَمَانِى [virtually I am responsible for such a thing; i. e. for paying it, or restoring it, &c.; but lit. in my responsibility is such a thing; or on my responsibility rests, or lies, or be, such a thing; for فى may be here used, as it is in many other instances, in the sense of عَلَى]: (Msb:) [or,] in the saying ثَبَتَ فِى ذِمَّتِى كَذَا, [which means Such a thing became, or has become, binding, obligatory, or incumbent, on me,] the term ذِمَّة is applied to designate [the moral sense considered as] the seat [of the sense] of obligation to fulfil what is [properly] termed ذِمَّة [i. e. a compact, or covenant, or the like]. (Mgh.) الرَّضَاعِ ↓ مَا يُذْهِبُ عَنِّى مَذِمَّةَ (T, S, Mgh, *) or الرَّضَاعِ ↓ مَذَمَّةَ, (T, Mgh,) meaning [What will put away from me the obligation of] the right, or due, of the woman who has suckled for the sucking? is a question occurring in a trad., (T, S, Mgh, *) as put by a man to the Prophet: (T:) and the answer was, “A slave, male or female: ” (T, S, Mgh:) En-Nakha'ee says, (S,) they liked, on the occasion of the weaning of a child, to give the woman who had suckled it something beside the hire: (S, Mgh:) ↓ مَذَمَّةٌ in this case is a dial. var. of ↓ مَذِمَّةٌ: (Mgh:) or, as IAth says, the former is from الذَّمُّ; and the latter, from الذِّمَّهُ. (TA.) Yousay also, الرَّضَاعِ بِشَّىْءٍ تُعْطِيهِ ↓ أَذْهِبْ عَنْكَ مَذَمَّ الظِّئْرَ and الرَّضَاعِ ↓ مَذِمَّ, meaning [Put away from thee the obligation of] the right, or due, that is incumbent on thee to render her for the sucking of thy child [by something that thou shalt give to her who has suckled]. (T.) And أَذْهِبْ عَنْكَ بِشَىْءٍ ↓ مَذِمَّتَهُمْ and ↓ مَذَمَّتَهُمْ, (T, and so accord. to different copies of the S and K, in which عنك is omitted,) مَذَمَّة being a dial. var., (T,) i. e. [Put away from thee the obligation of their right, or due, by something; meaning] feed them with something, (T,) or give to them something, (S, K,) for they have a right, or due. (T, S, K.) and ↓ قَضَى مَذِمَّتَهُ and ↓ مَذَمَّتَهُ [He paid his right, or due;] meaning he did good to him, or conferred upon him a benefit or benefits, in order that he might not be blamed. (M, K.) And رَجُلٌ

↓ ذُو مَذِمَّةٍ and ↓ مَذَمَّةٍ [in the CK the latter only, A man who has a right, or due,] meaning كَلٌّ عَلَى النَّاسِ (tropical:) [a man who is a burden upon people, to be maintained, or supported, by them]. (M, K, TA.) A2: Also (i. e. ذِمَّةٌ) A repast, or banquet, to which guests are invited, [simply] for food, or for a wedding. (K.) A3: See also ذَمَّةٌ.

ذِمَامٌ: see ذِمَّةٌ, in three places. It is also a pl. of ذِمَّةٌ [as well as syn. therewith]. (T.) ذَمِيمٌ Blamed, dispraised, discommended, found fault with, censured, or reprehended; (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) i. q. ↓ مَذْمُومٌ; (T, M, Msb, K;) as also ↓ ذِمٌّ (T, K, TA) and ↓ ذَمٌّ, (M, K, TA,) which last is an inf. n. used as an epithet, and, like [its contr.] حَمْدٌ, is applied to a man and to a place of alighting or sojourning or abiding. (TA.) [See مُذِمٌّ] b2: See also ذَمَّةٌ. b3: Also, applied to water, Disliked, or disapproved. (S, K. *) A2: [As a subst.,] Urine and mucus, (K,) so in the copies of the K, but correctly, (TA,) mucus, and urine (S, TA) that flows from the penis of the goat: (S, K, TA:) or a fluid that flows from the nose. (IAar, T.) b2: And in like manner, Milk [that flows] from the teats of sheep or goats; (K;) or, as in some copies of the S, form the teats of the she-camel; (TA;) or from the teats of the sheep or goat: (so in one of my copies of the S: in the other of those copies omitted:) or milk that becomes sprinkled upon the udders: (Th, M:) or milk that flows upon the thighs and udders of camels and sheep or goats. (M.) b3: Also Dew, (M, K,) absolutely; (TA;) accord. to IDrd: (M:) or dew that falls in the night upon the trees, and upon which dust lights, so that it becomes like bits of clay or mud. (M, K.) b4: And A thing [meaning the sebaceous matter] that comes forth from the pores of the soft part of the nose, like the eggs of ants: (S:) or pimples, or small pustules, (بَثْرٌ, T, K,) or a thing resembling بَثْر, black, or red, (M,) like the eggs of ants, (T, M,) coming forth upon the nose, (T,) or arising upon the faces (M, K) and the noses, (M,) from heat (T, M, K) or from the scab: (M, K:) or the dirty matter that comes forth upon the nose: n. un. with ة. (TA.) b5: And Whiteness upon the nose of a kid. (Kr, M, K.) ذَمَامَةٌ: see ذِمَّةٌ, in two places. b2: Also Shame, and fear of blame: whence the saying, أَخَذَتْهُ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ ذَمَامَةٌ [Shame, and fear of blame, with respect to his companion, seized him]: and أَصَابَتْهُ مِنْهُ ذَمَامَةٌ, i. e. Shame and disgrace affected him on account of him, or it. (TA.) One says also, ↓ أَخَذَتْنِى مِنْهُ مَذَمَّةٌ and ↓ مَذِمَّةٌ, meaning Shame and disgrace by reason of the neglect of that which should be sacred or inviolable, or of that which was entitled to reverence, respect, honour, or defence, or of the obligation or duty, or the right or due, that should be regarded as sacred or inviolable, (مِنْ تَرْكِ الحُرْمَةِ,) [seized me on account of him, or it.] (S, K.) ذُمَامَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A remain, remainder, remaining portion, remnant, or relic. (K.) [See also ذَمَّآء, below.]

ذِمَامَةٌ: see ذِمَّةٌ, in two places.

بِهِ ذَمِيمَةٌ In him is a crippleness, or a chronic disease, (K, [in the CK ذَمانَةٌ is erroneously put for زَمَانَةٌ,]) or an infirmity arising therefrom or from some evil affection, (M,) that prevents him from going forth. (M, K.) أَبْقَى ذَمَّآءَ الصُّبِّ (tropical:) [He left] the last remains [of what was poured out, or forth, at once]: so in the A. (TA. [But the last word is there written without any syll. signs.]) [See also ذُمَامَةٌ.]

ذِمِّىٌّ: see ذِمَّةٌ, in the former half of the paragraph.

ذَمَّامٌ One who blames, dispraises, discommends, &c., much, or often. (TA.) ذَامٌّ and ذَامٌ, with and without teshdeed, [the latter belonging to art. ذيم,] A vice, fault, defect, or the like. (As, T.) [See also ذَمٌّ.]

أَذَمُّ A horse fatigued, and standing still. (TA.) مَذَمٌّ and مَذِمٌّ: see ذِمَّةٌ, in the latter part of the paragraph.

مُذِّمٌّ A thing blamed, dispraised, &c.; [like ذَمِيمٌ;] or made, or caused, to be faulty, or defective, or to have a vice, fault, defect, or the like; (S. K;) as also ↓ مِذَمٌّ. (K.) b2: And A man (S) in whom is no motion. (S, K.) مِذَمٌّ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مَذَمَّةٌ, with fet-h only [to the ذ, A cause of blame, dispraise, discommendation, censure, or reprehension; a blamable, or discommendable, quality or action;] a thing for which one is, or is to be, blamed, dispraised, discommended, found fault with, censured, or reprehended: contr. of مَحْمَدَةٌ: (S:) [pl. مَذَامٌّ.] You say, البُخْلُ مَذَمَّةٌ, (S, K,) i. e. [Niggardliness is] one of the things for which one is, or is to be, blamed, &c. (S.) And إِيَّاكَ وَ المَذَامَّ [Beware thou of, or avoid thou, or remove thyself far from, causes of blame, &c.]. (TA.) b2: See also ذِمَّةٌ, in six places. b3: and see ذَمَامَةٌ.

مَذِمَّةٌ: see ذِمَّةٌ, in six places. b2: And see also ذَمَامَةٌ.

مُذَمَّمٌ A man blamed, dispraised, discommended, found fault with, censured, or reprehended, much. (S, K.) b2: And A place held in reverence, respect, or honour. (TA.) مَذْمُومٌ: see ذَمِيمٌ, first sentence.

مُسْتَذَمٌّ: see 5, last sentence.
ذم
يقال: ذَمَمْتُهُ أَذُمُّهُ ذَمّاً، فهو مَذْمُومٌ وذَمِيمٌ، قال تعالى: مَذْمُوماً مَدْحُوراً [الإسراء/ 18] ، وقيل: ذَمَّتُّهُ أَذُمُّهُ على قلب إحدى الميمين تاء.
والذِّمَام: ما يذّمّ الرّجل على إضاعته من عهد، وكذلك المَذَمَّةُ والمَذِمَّة. وقيل: لي مَذَمَّة فلا تهتكها، وأذهب مَذَمَّتَهُمْ بشيء، أي: أعطهم شيئا لما لهم من الذّمام. وأَذَمَّ بكذا: أضاع ذمامه، ورجل مُذِمٌّ: لا حراك به، وبئر ذَمَّةٌ:
قليلة الماء، قال الشاعر:

وترى الذّميم على مراسنهم يوم الهياج كمازن الجثل
الذَّمِيم: شبه بثور صغار. يقال: أصله الذنة والذنين.

أَثَفَ 

Entries on أَثَفَ  in 1 Arabic dictionary by the author Ibn Fāris, Maqāyīs al-Lugha
(أَثَفَ) الْهَمْزَةُ وَالثَّاءُ وَالْفَاءُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى التَّجَمُّعِ وَالثَّبَاتِ. قَالَ الْخَلِيلُ: تَقُولُ تَأَثَّفْتُ بِالْمَكَانِ تَأَثُّفًا، أَيْ: أَقَمْتُ بِهِ، وَأَثَفَ الْقَوْمُ يَأْثِفُونَ أَثْفًا: إِذَا اسْتَأْخَرُوا وَتَخَلَّفُوا. وَتَأَثَّفَ الْقَوْمُ اجْتَمَعُوا. قَالَ النَّابِغَةُ:

وَلَوْ تَأَثَّفَكَ الْأَعْدَاءُ بِالرِّفَدِ

، أَيْ: تَكَنَّفُوكَ فَصَارُوا كَالْأَثَافِيِّ. وَالْأُثْفِيَّةُ هِيَ الْحِجَارَةُ تُنْصَبُ عَلَيْهَا الْقِدْرُ، وَهِيَ أُفْعُولَةٌ مِنْ ثَفَّيْتُ، يُقَالُ: قِدْرٌ مُثَفَّاةٌ. وَيَقُولُونَ مُؤَثَّفَةٌ، وَالْمُثَفَّاةُ أَعْرَفُ وَأَعَمُّ. وَمِنَ الْعَرَبِ مَنْ يَقُولُ مُؤَثْفَاةٌ بِوَزْنِ مُفَعْلَاةٍ فِي اللَّفْظِ، وَإِنَّمَا هِيَ مُؤَفْعَلَةٌ، لِأَنَّ أَثْفَى يُثْفَى عَلَى تَقْدِيرِ " أَفْعَلُ يُفْعَلُ " وَلَكِنَّهُمْ رُبَّمَا تَرَكُوا أَلِفَ " أَفْعَلُ يُؤَفْعَلُ " لِأَنَّ " أَفْعَلُ " أُخْرِجَتْ مِنْ حَدِّ الثُّلَاثِيِّ بِوَزْنِ الرُّبَاعِيِّ. وَقَدْ جَاءَ: كِسَاءٌ مُؤَرْنَبٌ، أَثْبَتُوا الْأَلِفَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ فِي أَرْنَبٍ، وَهِيَ أَفْعَلُ، فَتَرَكُوا فِي مُؤَفْعَلٍ هَمْزَةً. وَرَجُلٌ مُؤَــنْمَلٌ لِلْغَلِيظِ الْأَنَامِلِ. قَالَ:

وَصَالِيَاتٍ كَكَمَا يُؤَثْفَيْنَ

قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: يُقَالُ: الْإِثْفِيَّةُ أَيْضًا بِالْكَسْرَةِ. قَالَ أَبُو زَيْدٍ: الْأَثَافِيُّ كَوَاكِبُ بِحِيَالِ رَأْسِ الْقِدْرِ، كَأَثَافِيِّ الْقِدْرِ. وَالْقِدْرُ أَيْضًا كَوَاكِبُ مُسْتَدِيرَةٌ. قَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ: الْمُثَفَّاةُ سِمَةٌ عَلَى هَيْئَةِ الْأَثَافِيِّ. وَيُقَالُ: الْأَثَافِيُّ أَيْضًا. قَالَ: وَيُقَالُ: امْرَأَةٌ مُثَفَّاةٌ، أَيْ: مَاتَ عَنْهَا ثَلَاثَةُ أَزْوَاجٍ، وَرَجُلٌ مُثَفًّى تَزَوَّجَ ثَلَاثَ نِسْوَةٍ. أَبُو عَمْرٍو: أثَفَهُ يَأْثِفُهُ طَلَبَهُ. قَالَ: وَالْأَثِفُ الَّذِي يَتْبَعُ الْقَوْمَ، يُقَالُ: مَرَّ يَأْثِفُهُمْ وَيُثَفِّيهِمْ، أَيْ: يَتْبَعُهُمْ. قَالَ أَبُو زَيْدٍ: أَثَفَهُ يَأْثِفُهُ طَرَدَهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ:

بَقِيَتْ مِنْ بَنِي فُلَانٍ أُثْفِيَّةٌ خَشْنَاءُ

: إِذَا بَقِيَ مِنْهُمْ عَدَدٌ كَثِيرٌ وَجَمَاعَةٌ عَزِيزَةٌ. قَالَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو: الْمُؤَثَّفُ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ الْقَصِيرُ الْعَرِيضُ الْكَثِيرُ اللَّحْمِ. وَأَنْشَدَ:

لَيْسَ مِنَ الْقُرِّ بِمُسْتَكِينِ ... مُؤَثَّفٍ بِلَحْمِهِ سَمِينِ

جَحَدَ 

Entries on جَحَدَ  in 1 Arabic dictionary by the author Ibn Fāris, Maqāyīs al-Lugha
(جَحَدَ) الْجِيمُ وَالْحَاءُ وَالدَّالُ أَصْلٌ يَدُلُّ عَلَى قِلَّةِ الْخَيْرِ. يُقَالُ عَامٌ جَحِدٌ قَلِيلُ الْمَطَرِ. وَرَجُلٌ جَحِْدٌ فَقِيرٌ، وَقَدْ جَحِدَ وَأَجْحَدَ. قَالَ ابْنُ دُرَيْدٍ: وَالْجَحْدُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ الْقِلَّةُ. قَالَ الشَّاعِرُ:

وَلَنْ يَرَى مَا عَاشَ إِلَّا جَحْدًا وَقَالَ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ: [أَجْحَدَ الرَّجُلُ وَجَحَدَ إِذَا أَنَفَضَ وَذَهَبَ مَالُهُ. وَأَنْشَدَ لِلْفَرَزْدَقِ] :

وَبَيْضَاءَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ لَمْ تَذُقْ ... بَئِيسًا وَلَمْ تَتْبَعْ حُمُولَةَ مُجْحِدِ

وَمِنْ هَذَا الْبَابِ الْجُحُودُ، وَهُوَ ضِدُّ الْإِقْرَارِ، وَلَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا مَعَ عِلْمِ الْجَاحِدِ بِهِ أَنَّهُ صَحِيحٌ. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: {وَجَحَدُوا بِهَا وَاسْتَيْقَنَتْهَا أَنْفُسُهُمْ} [الــنمل: 14] . وَمَا جَاءَ جَاحِدٌ بِخَيْرٍ قَطُّ.

جَثَمَ 

Entries on جَثَمَ  in 1 Arabic dictionary by the author Ibn Fāris, Maqāyīs al-Lugha
(جَثَمَ) الْجِيمُ وَالثَّاءُ وَالْمِيمُ أَصْلٌ صَحِيحٌ يَدُلُّ عَلَى تَجَمُّعِ الشَّيْءِ. فَالْجُثْمَانُ: شَخْصُ الْإِنْسَانِ. وَجَثَمَ، إِذَا لَطِئَ بِالْأَرْضِ. وَجَثَمَ الطَّائِرُ يَجْثُِمُ. وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ: «نَهَى عَنِ الْمُجَثَّمَةِ» ، وَهِيَ الْمَصْبُورَةُ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ.

وَذَلِكَ عَلَى أَضْرُبٍ:

فَمِنْهُ مَا نُحِتَ مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ صَحِيحَتَيِ الْمَعْنَى، مُطَّرِدَتَيِ الْقِيَاسِ. وَمِنْهُ مَا أَصْلُهُ كَلِمَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ وَقَدْ أُلْحِقُ بِالرُّبَاعِيِّ وَالْخُمَاسِيِّ بِزِيَادَةٍ تَدْخُلُهُ. وَمِنْهُ مَا يُوضَعُ كَذَا وَضْعًا. وَسَنُفَسِّرُ ذَلِكَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى.

فَمِنَ الْمَنْحُوتِ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْبَاقِي مِنْ أَصْلِ السَّعَفَةِ إِذَا قُطِعَتْ (جُذْمُورٌ) . قَالَ: بَابُ مَا جَاءَ مِنْ كَلَامِ الْعَرَبِ عَلَى أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ثَلَاثَةِ أَحْرُفٍ أَوَّلُهُ جِيمٌ

بَنَانَتَيْنِ وَجُذْمُورًا أُقِيمُ بِهَا ... صَدْرُ الْقَنَاةِ إِذَا مَا آنَسُوا فَزَعًا

وَذَلِكَ مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ: إِحْدَاهُمَا الْجِذْمُ وَهُوَ الْأَصْلُ، وَالْأُخْرَى الْجِذْرُ وَهُوَ الْأَصْلُ. وَقَدْ مَرَّ تَفْسِيرُهُمَا. وَهَذِهِ الْكَلِمَةُ مِنْ أَدَلِّ الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى صِحَّةِ مَذْهَبِنَا فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ. وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلرَّجُلِ إِذَا سَتَرَ بِيَدَيْهِ طَعَامَهُ كَيْ لَا يُتَنَاوَلَ (جَرْدَبٌ) مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ: مِنْ جَدَبَ لِأَنَّهُ يَمْنَعُ طَعَامَهُ، فَهُوَ كَالْجَدْبِ الْمَانِعِ خَيْرَهُ، وَمِنِ الْجِيمِ وَالرَّاءِ وَالْبَاءِ، كَأَنَّهُ جَعَلَ يَدَيْهِ جِرَابًا يَعِي الشَّيْءَ وَيَحْوِيهِ. قَالَ:

إِذَا مَا كُنْتَ فِي قَوْمٍ شَهَاوَى ... فَلَا تَجْعَلْ شِمَالَكَ جَُرْدُبَانًا

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ [قَوْلُهُمْ] لِلرَّمَلَةِ الْمُشْرِفَةِ عَلَى مَا حَوْلَهَا (جُمْهُورٌ) . وَهَذَا مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ مِنْ جَمَرَ ; وَقَدْ قُلْنَا: إِنَّ ذَلِكَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى الِاجْتِمَاعِ، وَوَصَفْنَا الْجَمَرَاتِ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ بِمَا مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ. وَالْكَلِمَةُ الْأُخْرَى جَهَرَ ; وَقَدْ قُلْنَا: إِنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْعُلُوِّ. فَالْجُمْهُورُ شَيْءٌ مُتَجَمِّعٌ عَالٍ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِقَرْيَةِ الــنَّمْلِ (جُرْثُومَةٌ) . فَهَذَا مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ: مِنْ جَرَمَ وَجَثَمَ، كَأَنَّهُ اقْتَطَعَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ قِطْعَةً فَجَثَمَ فِيهَا. وَالْكَلِمَتَانِ قَدْ مَضَتَا بِتَفْسِيرِهِمَا.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلرَّجُلِ إِذَا صُرِعَ (جُعْفِلَ) . وَذَلِكَ مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ: مِنْ جُعِفَ إِذَا صُرِعَ، وَقَدْ مَرَّ تَفْسِيرُهُ. وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ: «حَتَّى يَكُونَ انْجِعَافُهَا مَرَّةً» .

وَمِنْ كَلِمَةٍ أُخْرَى وَهِيَ جَفَلَ، وَذَلِكَ إِذَا تَجَمَّعَ فَذَهَبَ. فَهَذَا كَأَنَّهُ جُمِعَ وَذُهِبَ بِهِ. وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْحَجَرِ وَلِلْإِبِلِ الْكَثِيرَةِ (جَلْمَدٌ) . قَالَ الشَّاعِرُ فِي الْحِجَارَةِ:

جَلَامِيدُ أَمْلَاءُ الْأَكُفِّ كَأَنَّهَا ... رُءُوسُ رِجَالٍ حُلِّقَتْ فِي الْمَوَاسِمِ

وَقَالَ آخَرُ فِي الْإِبِلِ الْجَلْمَدِ:

أَوْ مِائَةٍ تُجْعَلُ أَوْلَادُهَا ... لَغْوًا وَعُرْضَ الْمِائَةِ الْجَلْمَدِ

وَهَذَا مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ: مِنَ الْجَلَدِ، وَهِيَ الْأَرْضُ الصُّلْبَةُ، وَمِنَ [الْجَمَدِ] ، وَهِيَ الْأَرْضُ الْيَابِسَةُ، وَقَدْ مَرَّ تَفْسِيرُهُمَا.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْجَمَلِ الْعَظِيمِ (جُرَاهِمٌ جُرْهُمٌ) . وَهَذَا مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْجِرْمِ وَهُوَ الْجَسَدُ، وَمِنَ الْجَرَهِ وَهُوَ الِارْتِفَاعُ فِي تَجَمُّعٍ. يُقَالُ سَمِعْتُ جَرَاهِيَةَ الْقَوْمِ، وَهُوَ عَالِي كَلَامِهِمْ دُونَ السِّرِّ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْأَرْضِ الْغَلِيظَةِ (جَمْعَرَةٌ) . فَهَذَا مِنَ الْجَمْعِ وَمِنَ الْجَمْرِ. وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلطَّوِيلِ (جَسْرَبٌ) . فَهَذَا مِنَ الْجَسْرِ - وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُ - وَمِنْ سَرَبَ إِذَا امْتَدَّ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلضَّخْمِ الْهَامَةِ الْمُسْتَدِيرِ الْوَجْهِ (جَهْضَمٌ) . فَهَذَا مِنَ الْجَهْمِ وَمِنَ الْهَضَمِ. وَالْهَضَمُ: انْضِمَامٌ فِي الشَّيْءِ. وَيَكُونُ أَيْضًا مِنْ أَهْضَامِ الْوَادِي، وَهِيَ أَعَالِيهِ. وَهَذَا أَقْيَسُ مِنَ الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِي الْهَضَمِ الَّذِي مَعْنَاهُ الِانْضِمَامُ. وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلذَّاهِبِ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ (مُجْرَهِدٌّ) . فَهَذَا مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ: مِنْ جَرَدَ أَيِ انْجَرَدَ فَمَرَّ، وَمِنْ جَهَدَ نَفْسَهُ فِي مُرُورِهِ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلرَّجُلِ الْجَافِي الْمُتَنَفِّجِ بِمَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ (جِعْظَارٌ) . وَهَذَا مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ؛ مِنَ الْجَظِّ وَالْجَعْظِ، كِلَاهُمَا الْجَافِي، وَقَدْ فُسِّرَ فِيمَا مَضَى.

وَمِنْهُ (الْجِنْعَاظُ) وَهُوَ مِنَ الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَاهُ آنِفًا وَالنُّونُ زَائِدَةٌ. قَالَ الْخَلِيلُ: يُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ سَيِّئُ الْخُلُقِ، الَّذِي يَتَسَخَّطُ عِنْدَ الطَّعَامِ. وَأَنْشَدَ:

جِنْعَاظَةٌ بِأَهْلِهِ قَدْ بَرَّحَا

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْوَحْشِيِّ إِذَا تَقَبَّضَ فِي وِجَارِهِ (تَجَرْجَمَ) ، وَالْجِيمُ الْأُولَى زَائِدَةٌ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنْ قَوْلِنَا لِلْحِجَارَةِ الْمُجْتَمِعَةِ: رُجْمَةٌ. وَأَوْضَحُ مِنْ هَذَا قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْقَبْرِ: الرَّجَمُ، فَكَأَنَّ الْوَحْشِيَّ لَمَّا صَارَ فِي وِجَارِهِ صَارَ فِي قَبْرٍ.

وَمِنْهَا قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْأَرْضِ ذَاتِ الْحِجَارَةِ (جَمْعَرَةٌ) . وَهَذَا مِنَ الْجَمَرَاتِ - وَقَدْ قُلْنَا: إِنَّ أَصْلَهَا تَجَمُّعُ الْحِجَارَةِ - وَمِنَ الْمَعِرِ وَهُوَ الْأَرْضُ لَا نَبَاتَ بِهِ.

وَمِنْهَا قَوْلُهُمْ لِلنَّهْرِ (جَعْفَرٌ) . وَوَجْهُهُ ظَاهِرٌ أَنَّهُ مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ: مِنْ جَعَفَ إِذَا صَرَعَ ; لِأَنَّهُ يَصْرَعُ مَا يَلْقَاهُ مِنْ نَبَاتٍ وَمَا أَشْبَهَهُ، وَمِنَ الْجَفْرِ وَالْجُفْرَةِ وَالْجِفَارِ وَالْأَجْفَرِ وَهِيَ كَالْجُفَرِ. وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ فِي صِفَةِ الْأَسَدِ (جِرْفَاسٌ) فَهُوَ مِنْ جَرَفَ وَمِنْ جَرَسَ، كَأَنَّهُ إِذَا أَكَلَ شَيْئًا وَجَرَسَهُ جَرَفَهُ. وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُمْ لِلدَّاهِيَةِ (ذَاتُ الْجَنَادِعِ) فَمَعْلُومٌ فِي الْأَصْلِ الَّذِي أَصَّلْنَاهُ أَنَّ النُّونَ زَائِدَةٌ، وَأَنَّهُ مِنَ الْجَدْعِ، وَقَدْ مَضَى. وَقَدْ يُقَالُ: إِنَّ جَنَادِعَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ أَوَائِلُهُ، وَجَاءَتْ جَنَادِعُ الشَّرِّ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلصُّلْبِ الشَّدِيدِ (جَلْعَدٌ) فَالْعَيْنُ زَائِدَةٌ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الْجَلَدِ. وَمُمْكِنٌ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْحُوتًا مِنَ الْجَلَعِ أَيْضًا، وَهُوَ الْبُرُوزُ ; لِأَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ مَكَانًا صُلْبًا فَهُوَ بَارِزٌ ; لِقِلَّةِ النَّبَاتِ بِهِ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْحَادِرِ السَّمِينِ (جَحْدَلٌ) فَمُمْكِنٌ أَنْ يُقَالَ: إِنَّ الدَّالَ زَائِدَةٌ، وَهُوَ مِنَ السِّقَاءِ الْجَحْلِ، وَهُوَ الْعَظِيمُ، وَمِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ مَجْدُولُ الْخَلْقِ، وَقَدْ مَضَى.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ (تَجَرْمَزَ اللَّيْلُ) ذَهَبَ. فَالزَّاءُ زَائِدَةٌ، وَهُوَ مِنْ تَجَرَّمَ. وَالْمِيمُ زَائِدَةٌ فِي وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الْجَرْزِ وَهُوَ الْقَطْعُ، كَأَنَّهُ شَيْءٌ قُطِعَ قَطْعًا ; وَمِنْ رَمَزَ إِذَا تَحَرَّكَ وَاضْطَرَبَ. يُقَالُ لِلْمَاءِ الْمُجْتَمِعِ الْمُضْطَرِبِ: رَامُوزٌ. وَيُقَالُ: الرَّامُوزُ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ الْبَحْرِ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ (تَجَحْفَلَ الْقَوْمُ) : اجْتَمَعُوا، وَقَوْلُهُمْ لِلْجَيْشِ الْعَظِيمِ (جَحْفَلٌ) ، وَ (جَحْفَلَةُ الْفَرَسِ) . وَقِيَاسُ هَؤُلَاءِ الْكَلِمَاتِ وَاحِدٌ، وَهُوَ مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ: مِنَ الْحَفْلِ وَهُوَ الْجَمْعُ، وَمِنَ الْجَفْلِ، وَهُوَ تَجَمُّعُ الشَّيْءِ فِي ذَهَابٍ. وَيَكُونُ لَهُ وَجْهٌ آخَرُ: أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنَ الْجَفْلِ وَمِنَ الْجَحْفِ، فَإِنَّهُمْ يَجْحَفُونَ الشَّيْءَ جَحْفًا. وَهَذَا عِنْدِي أَصْوَبُ الْقَوْلَيْنِ. وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْبَعِيرِ الْمُنْتَفِخِ الْجَنْبَيْنِ (جَحْشَمٌ) فَهَذَا مِنَ الْجَشِمِ، وَهُوَ الْجَسِيمُ الْعَظِيمُ، يُقَالُ: " أَلْقَى عَلَيَّ جُشَمَهُ "، وَمِنَ الْجَحْشِ وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ، كَأَنَّهُ شُبِّهَ فِي بَعْضِ قُوَّتِهِ بِالْجَحْشِ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْخَفِيفِ (جَحْشَلٌ) فَهَذَا مِمَّا زِيدَتْ فِيهِ اللَّامُ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنَ الْجَحْشِ، وَالْجَحْشُ خَفِيفٌ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلِانْقِبَاضِ (تَجَعْثُمٌ) . وَالْأَصْلُ فِيهِ عِنْدِي أَنَّ الْعَيْنَ فِيهِ زَائِدَةٌ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنَ التَّجَثُّمِ، وَمِنَ الْجُثْمَانِ. وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْجَافِي (جَرْعَبٌ) فَيَكُونُ الرَّاءُ زَائِدَةً. وَالْجَعَبُ: التَقَبُّضُ وَالْجَرَعُ: الْتِوَاءٌ فِي قُوَى الْحَبْلِ. فَهَذَا قِيَاسٌ مُطَّرِدٌ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْقَصِيرِ (جَعْبَرٌ) ، وَامْرَأَةٌ جَعْبَرَةٌ: قَصِيرَةٌ. قَالَ:

لَا جَعْبَرِيَّاتٍ وَلَا طَهَامِلًا

فَيَكُونُ مِنَ الَّذِي قَبْلَهُ، وَيَكُونُ الرَّاءُ زَائِدَةً.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلثَّقِيلِ الْوَخِمِ (جَلَنْدَحٌ) . فَهَذَا مِنَ الْجَلْحِ وَالْجَدْعِ، وَالنُّونُ زَائِدَةٌ. وَقَدْ مَضَى تَفْسِيرُ الْكَلِمَتَيْنِ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْعَجُوزِ الْمُسِنَّةِ (جَلْفَزِيزٌ) . فَهَذَا مِنْ جَلَزَ وَجَلَفَ. أَمَّا جَلَزَ فَمِنْ قَوْلِنَا مَجْلُوزٌ، أَيْ مَطْوِيٌّ، كَأَنَّ جِسْمَهَا طُوِيَ مِنْ ضُمْرِهَا وَهُزَالِهَا. وَأَمَّا جَلَفَ فَكَأَنَّ لَحْمَهَا جُلِفَ جَلْفًا أَيْ ذُهِبَ بِهِ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْقَاعِدِ (مُجْذَئِرٌّ) فَهَذَا مِنْ جَذَا: إِذَا قَعَدَ عَلَى أَطْرَافِ قَدَمَيْهِ. قَالَ:

وَصَنَّاجَةٌ تَجْذُو عَلَى حَدِّ مَنْسِمِ

وَمِنَ الذَّئِرِ وَهُوَ الْغَضْبَانُ النَّاشِزُ. فَالْكَلِمَةُ مَنْحُوتَةٌ مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْعُسِّ الضَّخْمِ (جُنْبُلٌ) فَهَذَا مِمَّا زِيدَتْ فِيهِ النُّونُ كَأَنَّهُ جَبَلٌ، وَالْجَبَلُ كَلِمَةٌ وَجْهُهَا التَّجَمُّعُ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهَا.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْجَافِي (جُنَادِفٌ) فَالنُّونُ فِيهِ زَائِدَةٌ، وَالْأَصْلُ الْجَدْفُ وَهُوَ احْتِقَارُ الشَّيْءِ ; يُقَالُ جَدَفَ بِكَذَا أَيِ احْتَقَرَ، فَكَأَنَّ الْجُنَادِفَ الْمُحْتَقِرُ لِلْأَشْيَاءِ، مِنْ جَفَائِهِ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْأَكُولِ (جُرْضُمٌ) . فَهَذَا مِمَّا زِيدَتْ فِيهِ الْمِيمُ، فَيُقَالُ [مِنْ] جَرَضَ إِذَا جَرَشَ وَجَرَسَ. وَمِنْ رَضَمَ أَيْضًا فَتَكُونُ الْجِيمُ زَائِدَةً.

وَمَعْنَى الرَّضَمِ أَنْ يَرْضِمَ مَا يَأْكُلُهُ بَعْضَهُ عَلَى بَعْضٍ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْجَمَلِ الْعَظِيمِ (جُخْدَُبٌ) ، فَالْجِيمُ زَائِدَةٌ. وَأَصْلُهُ مِنَ الْخَدَبِ ; يُقَالُ لِلْعَظِيمِ خِدَبٌّ. وَتَكُونُ الدَّالَّ زَائِدَةً ; فَإِنَّ الْعَظِيمَ جِخَبٌّ أَيْضًا. فَالْكَلِمَةُ مَنْحُوتَةٌ مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ. وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْعَظِيمِ الصَّدْرِ (جُرْشُعٌ) فَهَذَا مِنَ الْجَرْشِ، وَالْجَرْشُ: صَدْرُ الشَّيْءِ، يُقَالُ: جَرْشٌ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، مِثْلُ جَرْسٍ. وَمِنَ الْجَشَعِ، وَهُوَ الْحِرْصُ الشَّدِيدُ. فَالْكَلِمَةُ أَيْضًا مَنْحُوتَةٌ مِنْ كَلِمَتَيْنِ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْجَرَادَةِ (جُنْدَبٌ) . فَهَذَا نُونُهُ زَائِدَةٌ، وَ [هُوَ] مِنَ الْجَدْبِ ; وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْجَرَادَ يَجْرُدُ فَيَأْتِي بِالْجَدْبِ، وَرُبَّمَا كَنَوْا فِي الْغَشْمِ وَالظُّلْمِ بِأُمٍ جُنْدَبٍ، وَقِيَاسُهُ قِيَاسُ الْأَصْلِ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلشَّيْخِ الْهِمِّ (جِلْحَابَةٌ) . فَهَذَا مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ جَنَحَ وَلَحَبَ. أَمَّا الْجَلَحُ فَذَهَابُ شَعَْرِ مُقَدَّمِ الرَّأْسِ. وَأَمَّا لَحَبَ فَمِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ لُحِبَ لَحْمُهُ يُلْحَبُ، كَأَنَّهُ ذُهِبَ بِهِ. وَطَرِيقٌ لَحْبٌ مِنْ هَذَا.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُمْ لِلْحَجَرِ (جَنْدَلٌ) . فَمُمْكِنٌ أَنْ يَكُونَ نُونُهُ زَائِدَةً، وَيَكُونُ مِنَ الْجَدْلِ وَهُوَ صَلَابَةٌ فِي الشَّيْءِ وَطَيٌّ وَتَدَاخُلٌ، يَقُولُونَ: خَلْقٌ مَجْدُولٌ. وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْحُوتًا مِنْ هَذَا وَمِنَ الْجَنَدِ، وَهِيَ أَرْضٌ صُلْبَةٌ. فَهَذَا مَا جَاءَ عَلَى الْمَقَايِيسِ الصَّحِيحَةِ.

وَمِمَّا وُضِعَ وَضْعًا وَلَمْ أَعْرِفْ لَهُ اشْتِقَاقًا:
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