رزق

1 رَزَقَهُ اللّٰهُ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. رِزْقٌ, (S,) or رَزْقٌ, (IB, K,) the latter being the proper inf. n., (K,) and the former a simple subst. but also used as an inf. n., (TA,) God caused what is termed رِزْق [q. v.] to come to him: (K:) or God gave him. (S, IB.) [The verb is doubly trans.: when the second objective complement is implied, the phrase generally means God caused the means of subsistence to come to him; i. e., gave him, granted him, or bestowed upon him, the means of subsistence; or supplied, provided, or blessed, him therewith: when the second objective complement is expressed, this word is generally one signifying the means of subsistence or the like, property, or offspring.] One says also, رَزَقَ الطَّائِرُ فَرْخَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. رَزْقٌ, [The bird fed its young one.] (TA.) and رَزَقَ الأَمِيرُ الجُنْدَ The commander gave their subsistence-money, pay, or allowances, to the army: and رَزَقَ الجُنْدَ رَزْقَةً He gave the army their subsistence-money, &c., once: and رُزِقُوا رَزْقَتَيْنِ They were given their subsistence-money, &c., twice. (TA.) b2: [Hence رُزِقَ also signifies It (a place) was rained upon.] Lebeed says, رُزِقَتْ مَرَابِيعَ النُّجُومِ وَصَابَهَا وَدْقُ الرَّوَاعِدِ جَوْدُهَا وَرِهَامُهَا

meaning مُطِرَتْ; (TA;) i. e. They were rained upon with the rain of the أَنْوَآء [pl. of نَوْءٌ q. v.] of the رَبِيع, and the rain of the thundering clouds fell upon them, the copious thereof and the drizzling and lasting thereof. (EM pp. 140 and 141.) b3: And رَزَقَ فُلَانًا He thanked such a one; was thankful, or grateful, to him; or acknowledged his beneficence: of the dial. of Azd, (K,) i. e. Azd-Shanooah. (TA.) One says, فَعَلْتُ ذٰلِكَ لَمَّا رَزَقْتَنِى i. e. لَمَّا شَكَرْتَنِى [I did that since, or because, thou thankedst me]. (TA.) And hence, in the Kur [lvi. 81], وَتَجْعَلُونَ رِزْقَكُمْ أَنَّكُمْ تَكَذِّبُونَ [And do ye make your thanking to be that ye disacknowledge the benefit received, as being from God?]; (K;) i. e., accord. to Ibn-'Arafeh, do ye, instead of acknowledging what God has bestowed upon you, and being thankful for it, attribute it to another than Him? or, accord. to Az and others, [as J also says in the S,] the meaning is, تَجْعَلُونَ شَكْرَ رِزِقْكُمُ التَّكْذِيبَ [do ye make the thanking for your sustenance to be disacknowledgment?]: (TA:) and some read شَكْرَكُمْ [ for رِزْقَكُمْ]. (Bd.) 8 ارتزقوا, (S, Msb, K,) said of soldiers, (S,) or of people, (Msb,) They took, or received, their أَرْزَاق [i. e., when said of soldiers, portions of subsistence-money, pay, or allowances, and when said of others, means of subsistence, &c.]. (S, Msb, K.) b2: See also what next follows.10 استرزقهُ He asked, or demanded, of him what is termed رِزْق [i. e. means of subsistence, &c.; when said of a soldier, subsistence-money, pay, or allowance]; (MA, TA;) as also ↓ ارتزقهُ. (TA.) رِزْقٌ A thing whereby one profits, or from which one derives advantage; (S, K;) as also ↓ مُرْتَزَقٌ, (K, TA,) in the pass. form: (TA: [in the CK, erroneously, مُرْتَزِق:]) and a gift; and especially, of God: (S:) or [especially, and according to general usage,] the means of subsistence, or of the support and growth of the body, which God sends to [mankind and other] animals; [sustenance, victuals, food, or provisions; or a supply thereof from God:] but with the Moatezileh it means a thing possessed and eaten by the deserving; so that it does not apply to what is unlawful: (TA:) pl. أَرْزَاقٌ: (S, Msb, K:) and what are thus termed are of two kinds; apparent, [or material,] which are for the bodies, such as aliments; and unapparent, [or intellectual,] which are for the hearts and minds, such as the several sorts of knowledge and of science: (TA:) or رِزْقٌ properly signifies a portion, share, or lot; or particularly, of something good, or excellent; syn. حَظٌّ: and is conventionally made to apply to a thing by which an animal is enabled to profit: (Bd in ii. 2:) and [hence] it signifies also a daily allowance of food or the like; and so ↓ رِزْقَةٌ of which the pl. is رِزَقٌ: (TA:) [the subsistencemoney, pay, or allowance, of a soldier; or] what is given forth to the soldier at the commencement of every month, or day by day: or, accord. to ElKarkhee, العَطَآءُ is what is assigned to those who fight; and الرَّزْقُ, to the poor: (Mgh: [but see عَطَآءٌ:]) and ↓ رَزَقَاتٌ, pl. of ↓ رَزَقَةٌ, which is the inf. n. of unity of رَرَقَ, signifies the portions of subsistence-money, pay, or allowances, (syn. أَطْمَاع,) of soldiers: (S, K:) one says, كَمْ رِزْقُكَ فِى الشَّهْرِ How much is thy allowance of food, or the like, [or thy subsistence-money, or pay,] in the month? (TA:) and أَخَذُوا أَرْزَاقَهُمْ [They took, or received, their portions of subsistence-money, &c.,] (S, Msb, K) is said of soldiers. (S.) الرِّزْقُ الحَسَنُ means A thing [or provision] that comes to one without toil in the seeking thereof: or, as some say, a thing [or provision] that is found without one's looking, or watching, for it, and without one's reckoning upon it, and without one's earning it, or labouring to earn it. (KT.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) Rain (S, K) is sometimes thus called; as in the Kur xlv. 4 and li. 22: this being an amplification in language; as when one says, “The dates are in the bottom of the well; ” meaning thereby “ the [water for] watering the palm-trees. ” (S.) رَزْقَةٌ, and its pl. رَزَقَاتٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

رِزْقَةٌ: see رِزْقٌ.

الرَّزَّاقُ: see what next follows, in two places.

الرَّازِقُ and ↓ الرَّزَّاقُ, the latter of which has an intensive signification, are epithets applied to God, meaning [The Supplier of the means of subsistence, &c.; or] the Creator of what are termed الأَرْزَاق, and the Giver of their أَرْزَاق to his creatures. (TA.) [The former epithet is also applicable to a man; but ↓ the latter is not.] b2: رَوَازِقُ [as pl. of رَازِقٌ, agreeably with a general rule relating to epithets of the measure فَاعِلٌ when not applicable to rational beings, and of رَازِقَةٌ,] Dogs, and birds, that prey, or catch game. (TA.) رَازِقِىٌّ [erroneously written by Golius and Freytag رَازَقِىٌّ] Weak: (Moheet, L, K:) applied to anything. (Moheet, L.) A2: Also The species of grapes called مُلَاحِىّ or مُلَّاحِىّ; (T, K;) a species of grapes of Et-Táïf, with long berries; they are called عِنَبٌ رَازِقِىٌّ. (TA.) b2: And Wine (K, TA) made of the grapes so called; (TA;) as also ↓ رَازِقِيَّةٌ. (K, TA.) A3: And ↓ رَازِقِيَّةٌ [as a coll. gen. n. of which رَازِقِىٌّ is the n. un.] White flaxen cloths. (S, K.) Lebeed says, describing vessels of wine, لَهَا غَلَلٌ مِنْ رَازِقِىٍّ وَكُرْسُفٍ

بِأَيْمَانِ عُجْمٍ يَنْصُفُونَ المَقَاوِلَا [They have a strainer of white flaxen cloth and of cotton, in the right hands of foreigners that act as servants to the kings]: he means يَخْدُمُونَ الأَقْيَالَ: (S:) and by غَلَلٌ he means “ a strainer ” (مِصْفَاة, or فِدَام,) on the heads of the أَبَارِيك. (S in art. غل.) رَازِقِيَّةٌ [erroneously written by Golius and Freytag رَازَقِيَّةٌ]: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

مَرْزُوقٌ A man possessed of good fortune, or of good worldly fortune. (S, K, TA.) b2: أَبُو مَرْزُوقٍ

was the name of A certain he-goat, mentioned in poetry. (IAar.) مُرْتَزَقٌ: see رِزْقٌ.

المُرْتَزِقَةُ Those who receive [subsistence-money, pay, or] settled periodical allowances of food or the like: (Mgh, * Msb, * TA:) and they are thus called though they be not written down in the register [of the army &c.]. (Mgh.)

رسل

1 رَسِلَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَسَلٌ and رَسَالَ, He (a camel) was, or became, easy in pace. (M, K.) b2: Also, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَسَلٌ (Az, Az, Msb, K) and رَسَالَةٌ, as above, (Az, Az, K,) It (hair) became lank, not crisp; (Msb, K;) and so ↓ استرسل: (S, K:) or lank and pendent: (Msb:) or long, and lank or pendent. (Az, Az, Msb.) لَا يَجِبُ مِنَ البِّحْيَةِ ↓ غَسْلُ مَا اسْتَرْسَلَ means [The washing] of what hangs down, and descends, [of the beard,] from the chin [is not requisite, or necessary, or incumbent]. (Mgh.) A2: [Golius says, as on the authority of the KL, that رَسَلَ signifies Nuncium misit: but what I find in the KL is, that رَسُولٌ, as an inf. n., signifies the bringing a message (پيغام بردن) : whence it seems that رَسَلَ means he brought a message.]2 تَرْسِيلٌ, in reading, or reciting, (Msb, K,) i. q. تَرْتِيلٌ; (K, TA;) i. e. (TA) Easy [or leisurely] utterance; without haste: (Yz, Msb, TA:) or, as some say, with consecution of the parts, or portions: (TA:) and ↓ تَرَسُّلٌ therein signifies the same: (Yz, Msb:) or فِى ↓ تَرَسَّلَ قِرّآءَتِهِ signifies he proceeded in a leisurely manner in his reading, or reciting, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and was grave, staid, sedate, or calm, (Mgh,) and endeavoured to understand, without raising his voice much. (TA.) It is said in a trad., كَانَ فِى كَلَامِهِ تَرْسِيلٌ i. e. تَرْتِيلٌ [There was in his (Mohammad's) speech an easy, or a leisurely, utterance]. (TA.) And in another trad. it is said, وَإِذَا أَقَمْتَ فَاحْذِمْ ↓ إذَا أَذَّنْتَ فَتَرَسَّلْ [expl. in art. حذم]. (Mgh.) A2: See also 4, last sentence but one.

A3: رَسَّلْتُ فُصْلَانِى, inf. n. تَرْسِيلٌ, I gave to drink [to my young camels, or my young weaned camels,] رِسْل (K, TA,) i. e. milk. (TA.) 3 راسلهُ (S, MA,) inf. n. مُرَاسَلَةٌ, (S,) He sent a message, and a letter, or an epistle, to him, (MA, PS,) the latter doing the like: (PS:) [he interchanged messages, and letters, with him.] Yousay, راسلهُ فِى كَذَا [He interchanged messages, or letters, with him, in relation to such a thing]: and بَيْنَهُمَا مُرَاسَلَاتٌ [Between them two are interchanges of messages, or of letters]. (TA.) and هَىَ تُرَاسِلُ الخُطَّابَ [She interchanges messages, or letters, with those who demand women in marriage]. (M, K.) And تُرَاسِلُهُ بِالخُطَّابِ [She interchanges messages, or letters, with him by means of those who demand women in marriage]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] راسلهُ فِى نِضَالٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ [He acted interchangeably, or alternated, with him in a competition in shooting, or in some other performance]. (S.) And راسلهُ فِى الغِنَآءِ, and العَمَلِ, He relieved him, or aided him, in singing, and in work, [by alternating with him, i. e.,] in the former case, by taking up the strain when the latter was unable to continue it [so as to accomplish the cadence (see 6)], and in the latter case by taking up the work when the latter person was unable to continue it; or he so relieved, or aided, him in singing with a high voice: or راسلهُ فِى عَمَلِهِ he aided him, [or relieved him, by alternating with him,] or he followed him, or imitated him, in his work: (IAar, Msb:) and راسلهُ الغِنَآءَ he emulated him, or imitated him, [by alternating with him,] in the singing. (TA.) And راسلهُ فِى

القِرَآءَة He aided him, or assisted him, [or relieved him, by alternating with him,] in the reading, or reciting, of the Kur-án &c. (MA.) 4 إِرْسَالٌ signifies The act of sending. (K, KL, &c.) Thus is explained إِرْسَالُ اللّٰهِ أَنْبِيَآءَهُ [i. e. God's sending his prophets.] (Th, TA.) You say, ↓ أَرْسَلْتُ فُلَانًا فِى رِسَالَةٍ (S) I sent such a one with a message. (PS.) And ↓ ارسل إِلَيْهِ رَسُولًا (MA, Msb *) He sent to him a message, or a letter, (MA,) or a messenger. (Msb.) b2: [The act of sending forth, or starting, a horse for a race: the discharging a thing; as, for instance, an arrow from a bow; and water, or the like, from a vessel &c. in which it was confined: the launching forth a ship or boat; letting it go; letting it take its course:] the act of setting loose or free; letting loose; loosing, unbinding, or liberating. (K.) You say ارسل الشَّىْءَ He set loose or free, &c., the thing. (M.) And أَرْسَلْتُ الطَّائِرَ مِنْ يَدِى I let go, or let loose, the bird from my hand. (Msb.) And [hence,] ارسل الحُرُوفَ [He uttered the letters]. (Mgh in art. رتل.) And ارسل الغِنَآءَ [He uttered the song; he sang]. (TA.) and ارسل الإِقَامَةَ [He chanted the اقامة]. (Msb in art. درج. [See أَدْرَجَ.]) And ارسل عَلَيْهِ لِسَانَهُ [(assumed tropical:) He let loose his tongue against him]. (A in art. برد.) and ارسل الكَلَامَ (assumed tropical:) He made the speech, or language, to be unrestricted. (Msb.) [In like manner,] إِرْسَالٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) The making a thing, such as property, and a legacy, absolute, or unrestricted. (Mgh.) b3: [The act of letting down, letting fall, or making to hang down, the hair &c. You say, ارسلهُ, and ارسلهُ مِنْ أَعْلَى إِلَى أَسْفَلَ, He let it down, &c., or lowered it.] b4: (assumed tropical:) The act of leaving, leaving alone, or neglecting, (M, K,) a thing. (M.) [Hence,] one says, ارسلهُ عَنْ يَدِهِ (tropical:) He left, forsook, or deserted, him; or he abstained from, or neglected, aiding him, or assisting him. (TA.) b5: Also The act of making to have dominion, or authority, and power; making to have, or exercise, absolute dominion or sovereignty or rule, or absolute superiority of power or force; or giving power, or superior power or force. (M, K.) Hence, in the Kur [xix. 86], أَرْسَلْنَا الشَّيَاطِينَ عَلَى

الكَافِرِينَ تَؤُزُّهُمْ أَزًّا, i. e. [We have made the devils to have dominion, &c., over the unbelievers, inciting them strongly to acts of disobedience; or] we have appointed, or prepared, the devils for the unbelievers, because of their unbelief; like as is said in the same [xliii. 35], نُقَيِّضْ لَهُ شَيْطَانًا [“ We will appoint, or prepare, for him a devil ” as an associate]: this is the preferred explanation: [or it may be well rendered we have sent the devils against the unbelievers:] some say that the meaning is, we have left the devils to do as they please with the unbelievers, not withholding them, or preserving them, from acceptance from them. (Zj, M.) A2: ارسلوا [from رِسْلٌ] They had milk in their cattle: (S:) or their milk became much; as also ↓ رسّلوا, inf. n. تَرْسِيلٌ: (K:) or the latter signifies their milk and drink became much. (TA.) b2: Also [from رَسَلٌ] They became possessors of herds or flocks. (O, K. *) 5 ترسّل He acted, or behaved, gently, and deliberately, or leisurely, (M, K, TA,) and with gravity, staidness, sedateness, or calmness. (TA.) التَّرَسُّلُ فِى الأُمُورِ is The acting, or behaving, [gently, and] deliberately, or leisurely, and with gravity, staidness, sedateness, or calmness, in affairs. (TA.) See also 2, in three places. b2: التَّرَسُّلُ in riding is The extending one's legs upon the beast so as to let, or make, his clothes hang down loosely upon his legs: and in sitting, the crossing one's legs, and letting, or making, his clothes hang down loosely upon them and around him. (TA.) A2: ترسّلا بَيْنَ القَوْمِ [He acted as a رَسُول (or messenger) between the people]. (Msb and TA in art. الك.) 6 تراسلوا They sent, one to another, (MA, Msb, TA,) a message [or messages], (MA, Msb,) or a messenger [or messengers]. (Msb.) b2: Hence, تراسلوا فِى الغِنَآءِ [They relieved, or aided, one another alternately in singing;] i. e. they combined in singing, one beginning, and prolonging his voice, but being unable to continue long enough to accomplish the cadence, and therefore pausing, and another then taking up the strain, and then the first returning to the modulation, and so on to the end. (Msb.) لَا تَرَاسُلَ فِى الأَذَانِ means[in like manner] There shall be no relieving, or aiding, one another [alternately], i. e., no combining [of two or more persons, each performing a part alternately], in the chanting of the call to prayer. (Msb.) [In other cases likewise]

التَّرَاسُلُ signifies The doing the like of that which one's companion, or fellow, [or another,] does, in such a manner as that one follows another [alternately]. (Har p. 268.) 10 استرسل It (a thing) was, or became, loose, or slack; syn. سَلِسَ. (M, TA.) b2: Said of hair: see 1, in two places. [In like manner said of a tree, &c., It drooped; or was pendent. Said of a cheek, (to which its part. n. مُسْتَرْسِلٌ is applied as an epithet in the K voce أَسِيلٌ,) It was, or became, lank.] b3: الاِسْتِرْسَالُ in the pace of a beast is The going gently, deliberately, or leisurely. (TA.) [And you say, استرسلت الدَّابَّةٌ The beast went a gentle, deliberate, or leisurely, pace.]

b4: Also, [in other cases,] The being still, and steady. (TA.) b5: Hence, (TA,) استرسل إِلَيْهِ (tropical:) He acted, or behaved, towards him with freedom, boldness, forwardness, or presumptuousness, and with familiarity; syn. اِنْبَسَطَ, and اِسْتَأْنَسَ; (S, K, TA;) and was at ease, and confided in him, with respect to that which he told him: (TA:) or he acted forwardly, or impudently, towards him: he acted forwardly, impudently, freely, or familiarly, towards him, in the way of coquetry, or feigned disdain. (MA.) b6: And استرسل الدَّهْرُ فِيهِمْ فَأَفْنَاهُمْ [(assumed tropical:) Fate made free with them, and destroyed them]. (TA in art. بهل) A2: Also He said, Send thou to me the camels in droves (أَرْسَالًا [in the CK, erroneously, اِرْسالًا]); (K, TA;) ارسالا being with fet-h to the hemzeh; i. e. drove after drove: for the camels, when they come to the water, are numerous; and their tender brings them to the watering-trough thus; not all together, as in this case they would press together upon the watering-trough and not satisfy their thirst. (TA.) رَسْلٌ Easy; applied to a pace. (M, K.) b2: Easy in pace; applied to a he-camel: fem. with ة: (S, M, K:) or soft, or gentle, in pace; applied to a he-camel and to a she-camel: (Msb:) and ↓ مِرْسَالٌ, also, applied to a she-camel, has the former of these significations; and its pl. is مَرَاسِيلُ: (S, K:) or this pl. signifies light, or active, she-camels, that give thee what they have to give spontaneously; and رَسْلَةٌ is applied to one thereof: a she-camel is termed ↓ مِرْسَالٌ as being likened to the arrow thus called. (TA.) b3: Soft, and lax, or flaccid: [app. applied to a he-camel; for it is added,] one says نَاقَةٌ رَسْلَةٌ القَوَائِمِ, meaning A she-camel loose, or slack, [in the legs, and] soft in the joints [thereof]. (TA. [See also another meaning assigned to this phrase in what follows.]) b4: Applied to hair, i. q. ↓ مُسْتَرْسِلٌ; (S, K; in the CK مُرْسَل;) which means Lank; not crisp: (Mgh, Msb: [and so accord. to an explanation of استرسل in the S and K:]) or lank and pendent: (Msb:) or long, and lank or pendent. (Az, Az, Msb.) b5: And رَسْلَةٌ, (M,) or رَسْلَةُ القَوائِمِ, [of which see an explanation in what precedes,] (L, TA,) and ↓ مِرْسَالٌ, applied to a she-camel, (M, L, TA,) Having much hair, (M,) or much and long hair, (L, TA,) upon her shanks, or hind legs (فِى سَاقِيْهَا): (M, L, TA:) but in the K, رَسْلَةٌ and ↓ مُرَاسِلٌ [not مِرْسَالٌ] are explained as epithets applied to a woman, meaning having much and long hair upon her shanks. (TA.) b6: Also sing. of ↓ رِسَالٌ, (TA,) which signifies The legs of a camel: (Az, S, K, TA:) so called because of their length. (Az, TA.) A2: See also مُرَاسِلٌ.

A3: And see the paragraph here next following.

رِسْلٌ Gentleness; and a deliberate, or leisurely, manner of acting or behaving; as also ↓ رِسْلَةٌ; (M, K;) [and perhaps ↓ رَسْلٌ and ↓ رَسْلَةٌ; for] one says اِفْعَلْ كَذَا وَكَذَا عَلَى رِسْلِكَ (S, Mgh, * Msb, * CK * [but not in my MS. copy of the K nor in the copies used by SM]) and رَسْلِكَ and رَسْلَتِكَ, (CK, [but likewise wanting in MS. copies of the K,]) i. e. [Do thou such and such things] at thine ease; (Msb;) or act thou gently, deliberately, or leisurely, (S, Mgh, K, *) in doing such and such things; like as one says, عَلَى هِينَتِكَ. (S.) Sakhr-el-Ghei says, when despairing of his companions' overtaking him, his enemies surrounding him, and he feeling sure of slaughter, (M,) لَوْ أَنَّ حَوْلِى مِنْ قُرَيْمٍ رَجْلَا بِيضَ الوَجُوهِ يَحْمِلُونَ النَّبْلَا

لَمَنَعُونِى نَجْدَةً أَوْ رِسْلَا (Skr, M, *) i. e. [If there were around me, of the family of Kureym, men on foot, fair in the faces (app. meant tropically), bearing arrows, they would defend me] by violent means or by gentle means: (Skr:) or with fighting or without fighting. (M.) [See also a phrase cited from a trad. in what follows of this paragraph.] One says also, ↓ جَاؤُوا رِسْلَةً رِسْلَةً They came company by company. (M.) b2: And A soft, gentle, saying or speech. (TA.) A2: Also Milk, (S, M, K,) of whatever sort it be: (M, K:) or, accord. to the Towsheeh, fresh milk. (TA.) One says, كَثُرَ الرِّسْلُ العَامَ, meaning Milk has become abundant this year: and the people of the desert assert that, when this is the case, dates are few; and that, when dates are abundant, milk is scarce. (TA.) b2: It is said in a trad. [respecting the giving of the poor-rate], إِلَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى فِى نَجْدَتِهَا وَرِسْلِهَا, (S, TA,) which is explained in two different ways: (TA:) [J says that] it is from رِسْلٌ in the sense first explained above; meaning straitness and plenty; i. e. Except him who gives when they are fat and goodly, when it is difficult, or hard, to their owner to give them forth, and when they are lean, [or] in a middling condition: (S:) and A'Obeyd says the like; and that it is similar to the saying, قَالَ فُلَانٌ كَذَا عَمَّا رِسْلِهِ, meaning Such a one said such a thing holding it (the saying) in light estimation: others say that it is from رِسْلٌ signifying “ milk; ” which A'Obeyd disallows: IAth says that what is meant by نجدة is straitness and drought or barrenness or dearth; and by رسل, plenty, and abundance of herbage or the like; because رسل, i. e. milk, is plentiful only in the case of abundance of herbage; so that the meaning is, except him who gives forth the due of God in the case of straitness and in that of plenty. (TA.) A3: The رِسْلَانِ of a horse are The extremities of the عَضُدَانِ [or two arms]. (M, K. *) رَسَلٌ Camels: (M, K:) thus expl. by A'Obeyd, without any epithet: (M:) or a drove, or herd, or a distinct collection or number, of camels, (S, M, * Msb, K,) and of sheep or goats, (S, K,) accord. to ISk from ten to twenty-five, (TA,) or the رَسَل of the watering-trough is at least ten, and extending to twenty-five; and the word is masc. and fem.; (M;) and also (assumed tropical:) of horses or horsemen; (S;) applied to (tropical:) a company of men (Mgh, Msb) as being likened to a drove, or herd, of camels: (Msb:) and also a distinct collection or number of any things: (M, K:) pl. أَرْسَالٌ. (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K.) A rájiz says, يَا ذَائِدَيْهَا خَوِّصَا بِأَرْسَالْ وَلَا تَذُودَاهَا ذِيَادَ الضُّلَّالْ

[O ye two drivers of them, water some before others, by droves, and drive them not with the driving of those who err from the right way]: (S, TA:) i. e. bring near your camels some after some, and do not let them crowd upon the water-ing-trough. (TA.) And one says, جَآءَتِ الإِبِلُ رَسَلًا The camels came [in a drove, or] following one another. (IAmb, TA.) And جَآءَتِ الخَيْلُ أَرْسَالًا, i. e. (assumed tropical:) [The horses, or horsemen, came] in successive distinct companies. (S, TA.) And جَاءُوا أَرْسَالًا (tropical:) They (men) came in successive companies. (Msb. [And the like is said in the Mgh and in the TA.]) وَقِيرٌ كَثِيرُ الرَّسَلِ قَلِيلُ الرِّسْلِ, occurring in a trad. relating to a drought, is said by IKt to mean [A collection of sheep or goats] of which many were sent to the pasture, i. e. many in number, but having little milk but the more probable explanation of كثير الرسل is that of El-'Odhree, who says that it means much dispersed in search of pasture: for the trad. relates that the camels had died, notwithstanding their ability to endure drought: how then should the sheep or goats be safe, and increase so as to become numerous? (IAth, TA.) b2: Also Animals, or beasts, having milk. (M, TA.) رُسُلٌ A young girl, that has not worn the [muffler, or veil, called] خَمَار. (K.) A2: Also a pl. of رَسُولٌ. (S, M, &c.) رَسْلَةٌ A soft, or delicate condition of life: you say, هُمْ فِى رَسْلَةٍ مِنَ العَيْشِ They are in a soft, or delicate, condition of life. (M.) b2: and Heaviness, sluggishness, laziness, or indolence: (M, K:) you say رَجُلٌ فِيهِ رَسْلَةٌ A man in whom is heaviness, &c. (M.) b3: See also رِسْلٌ, first sentence.

رِسْلَةٌ: see رِسْلٌ, in two places.

رِسَالٌ: see رَسْلٌ (of which it is the pl.), near the end of the paragraph: A2: and see also مُرَاسِلٌ.

رَسُولٌ i. q. رِسَالَةٌ: (S, M, K:) see the latter, in five places. b2: Hence, as meaning ذُو رَسُولٍ, i. e. ذُو رِسَالَةٍ [One who has a message; i. e. a messenger]; (TA;) i. q. ↓ مُرْسَلٌ, (S, M, K,) meaning one sent with a message; (S;) of the measure فَعُولٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ [or rather مُفْعَلٌ]: (Msb:) [and often meaning an apostle of God; and with the article ال especially applied to Mohammad:] accord. to IAmb, its meaning in the proper language of the Arabs is one who carries on by consecutive progressions the relation of the tidings of him who has sent him; taken from the phrase جَآءَتِ الإِبِلُ رَسَلًا, meaning “ The camels came following one another: ” and the saying of the Muëdhdhin, أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللّٰه means I know [or acknowledge] and declare that Mohammad is the relater by consecutive progressions of the tidings from God: (TA:) [or, as commonly understood, I testify that Mohammad is the apostle of God:] a رَسُول is also called ↓ مِرْسَالٌ, as being likened to the arrow thus termed: (TA:) the pl. of رَسُولٌ is رُسُلٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and رُسْلٌ (S, Msb) and رُسَلَآءٌ, (M, K,) which last is from IAar, (M,) or Fr, (Sgh,) and أَرْسُلٌ, (M, K,) which [is a pl. of pauc., and] occurs in the saying of the Hudhalee, لَوْكَانَ فِى قَلْبِى كَقَدْرِ قُلَامَةٍ

حُبًا لِغَيْرِكِ قَدْ أَتَاهَا أَرْسُلِى

[Had there been in my heart as much as a nailparing of love for another than thee, my messengers (or, accord. to the TA, app., my messages) had come to her]: respecting which IJ says that he has given to رَسُولٌ this form of pl., which is [regularly] proper to feminines [of this class of words, consisting of four letter whereof the third is a letter of prolongation], such as أَتَانٌ and عَنَاقٌ and عُقَابٌ, because women are meant thereby, as they, generally, are the persons required to serve in cases of this kind: (M:) [for] رَسُولٌ is applied without variation to a male and a female, and to one [and to two] and to a pl. number; (S, M, Msb, K;) sometimes: (M:) i. e., it is allowable thus to apply it: (Msb:) hence, (S, K,) in the Kur [xxvi. 15], (S,) إِنَّا رَسُولُ رَبِّ العَالَمِينَ [Verily we are the apostles of the Lord of the beings of the whole world]: (S, K:) MF says, in ch. xx. [verse 49], we find إِنَّا رَسُولَا رَبِّكَ [Verily we are the two apostles of thy Lord]; the dual form being here used: and Z says, in the Ksh, that in this instance it means the messengers, and therefore the dual form is necessarily used; but in ch. xxvi. it means the message, and therefore it is allowable to use it alike, when applying it as an epithet, as sing. and dual and pl.: Aboo-Is-hak the Grammarian says that the meaning here is, إِنَّا رِسَالَةٌ رَبِّ العَالَمِينَ, i. e. ذَوُو رِسالَةِ [Verily we are those that have the message &c.]: (TA:) [but] رَسُولٌ [as meaning a messenger] is like عَدُوٌّ and صَديقٌ [&c.] in its being used alike as masc. and fem. and sing. [and dual] and pl.: (Sgh, TA:) Aboo-Dhu-eyb uses it in the sense of رُسُل in his saying, أَلِكْنِى إِلَيْهَا وَخَيْرُ الرَّسُو لِ أَعْلَمُهُمْ بِنَوَاحِى الخَبَرْ [Be thou my messenger to her: and the best of messengers is the most knowing of them in respect of the bounds, or limits, of the tidings]. (M.) See 4. The saying in the Kur [xxv. 39], وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ لَمَّ كَذَّبُوا الرُّسُلَ أَغْرَقْنَاهُمْ [lit. And the people of Noah, when they charged with lying the apostles, we drowned them], Zj says, may mean that they charged with lying Noah alone; for he who charges with lying a prophet charges therewith all the prophets, since they believe in God and in all his apostles; or the general term may be here used as meaning one; like as when you say, أَنْتَ مِمَّنْ يُنْفِقُ الدَّرَاهِمَ, meaning “ Thou art of those who expend the kind of things termed دراهم. ” (M.) b3: One says also, السِّهَامُ رُسُلُ المَنَايَا (tropical:) [Arrows are the messengers of death, or of the decrees of death]. (TA.) b4: See also the next paragraph.

رَسِيلٌ Easy: occurring in the saying of Jubeyhà El-Asadee, وَقُمْتُ رَسِيلًا بِالَّذِى جَآءَ يَبْتَغِى

إِلَيْهِ بَلِيجَ الوَجْهِ لَسْتُ بِبَاسِرِ [And I undertook, or managed, with ease, that which he came seeking to obtain; bright in countenance to him: I was not frowning]. (TA.) A2: Also A stallion-camel (K, * TA) of the Arabian race, that is sent among the شَوْل [or she-camels that have passed seven or eight months since the period of their bringing forth] in order that he may leap them: one says, هٰذَا رَسِيلُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ

This is the stallion of the camels of the sons of such a one: and أَرْسَلَ بَنُو فُلَانٍ رَسِيلَهُمْ [The sons of such a one sent the stallion of their camels]: as though it were of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مُفْعَلٌ, from أَرْسَلَ. (TA.) b2: and accord. to some, A horse that is started with another in a race. (Har p. 544.) b3: [In the CK and in a MS. copy of the K, voce عَمُودٌ, it occurs as though meaning The scout, or emissary, or perhaps the advanced guard, of an army: but in other copies of the K, in this instance, accord. to the TA, and in the L, the word is رَئِيس.] b4: I. q. ↓ مُرَاسِلٌ [as meaning one who interchanges messages or letters with another: see 3]. (S, K.) b5: The person who stands with thee (المُوَاقِفُ لَكَ [in the K (in which this explanation is erroneously assigned to ↓ رَسُولٌ) المُوَافِقُ لَكَ in a competition in shooting and the like: (M:) [i. e.] رَسِيلُ الرَّجُلِ signifies he who stands with the man, (يَقِفُ مَعَهُ, Har p. 544,) or he who acts interchangeably, or alternates, with the man, (يُرَاسِلُهُ, S,) in a competition in shooting, or in some other performance. (S and Har.) And, as also ↓ مُرَاسِلٌ, One who relieves, or aids, another, in singing and in work, [by alternating with him, i. e.,] in the former case, by taking up the strain when the other is unable to continue it [so as to accomplish the cadence (see 6)], and in the latter case by taking up the work when the other is unable to continue it; or one who so relieves, or aids, another in singing with a high voice; i. q. مُتَالٍ: or one who aids another, [or relieves him, by alternating with him,] or who follows him, or imitates him, in his work. (IAar, Msb.) One says, هُوَ رَسِيلُهُ فِى الغِنَآءِ وَنَحْوِهِ [He is the person who relieves him, or aids him, by alternating with him, in singing and the like thereof]. (TA.) b6: See also رِسَالَةٌ, in two places.

A3: Also Wide, or ample. (K.) b2: A thing little in quantity, or incomplete: الشَّىْءُ اللَّطِيفُ in the copies of the K should be الشَّىْءُ الطَّفِيفُ, as in the Moheet (TA.) b3: and Sweet water. (K.) رَسَالَةٌ: see the next paragraph.

رِسَالَةٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ رَسَالَةٌ (M, K) and ↓ رَسُولٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ رَسِيلٌ (Th, M, K) signify the same, (S, M, Msb, K,) A message; and a letter; (MA in explanation of the first, and KL in explanation of the first and third;) [a communication sent from one person or party to another, oral or written;] substs. from أَرْسَلَ

إِلَيْهِ: (M, K: *) the pl. of the first is رَسَائِلُ; (Msb;) and أَرْسُلٌ is pl. of ↓ رَسُولٌ in the sense of رِسَالَةٌ, and of the fem. gender. (TA. [See the former of the two verses cited voce رَسُولٌ.]) Yousay, أَرْسَلْتُ فُلَانًا فِى رِسَالَةٍ: (S:) and أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ

↓ رَسُولًا: (MA:) see 4. A poet says, (S,) namely El-Ash'ar El-Joafee, (TA,) ↓ أَلَا أَبْلغْ أَبَا عَمْرٍو رَسُولًا بِأَنِّى عَنْ فُتَاحَتِكُمْ غَنِىُّ [Now deliver thou to Aboo-' Amr a message, saying that I am in no need of your judging]: (S:) or بَنِى عَمْرٍو [the sons of ' Amr]: he means, عَنْ حُكْمكُمْ. (TA.) And hence the saying of Kutheiyir, لَقَدْ كَذَبَ الوَاشُونَ مَا بُحْتُ عِنْدَهُمْ

↓ بِسِرٍّ وَلَا أَرْسَلْتُهُمْ بِرَسُولِ [Assuredly the slanderers have lied: I revealed not in their presence a secret, nor did I send them with a message]: (S, TA:) or, as some relate the second hemistich, (TA,) ↓ بِلَيْلَى وَلَا أَرْسَلْتُهُمْ بِرَسِيلِ [i. e. I revealed not the case of Leyla, nor did I send them with a message]: thus cited by Th. (M, TA.) b2: رِسَالَةٌ also signifies [A tract, or small treatise or discourse;] a مَجَلَّة [i. e. book, or writing, relating to science, or on any subject.] comprising a few questions, inquiries, or problems, of one kind: pl. رَسَائِلُ. (TA.) b3: And Apostleship; the apostolic office or function. (MA.) b4: أُمُّ رِسَالَةَ [in a copy of the K أُمُّ رِسَالَةٍ] The رَخَمَة [or female of the vultur percnopterus, in the CK رَحْمَة]: (M, K, TA:) a surname thereof. (TA.) الرُّسَيْلَى A certain small beast or reptile or insect; expl. by the word دُوَيْبَّةٌ: (M, K, TA:) in [some of] the copies of the K, erroneously, الرُّسَيْلَآءُ. (TA.) رُسَيْلَاتٌ dim. of رسلات [i. e. رِسَلَاتٌ] pl. of رِسْلٌ [or rather of its syn. رِسْلَةٌ]: hence the saying, (TA,) أَلْقَى الكَلَامَ عَلَى رُسَيْلَاتِهِ, i. e. He held the saying, or speech, in light, or little, or mean, estimation; or in contempt. (M, K, TA.) الرَّاسِلَانِ The two shoulder-blades: or two veins therein: (M, K:) he who says that they are two veins in the two hands, (K,) pointing to what is found in the copies of the Mj of IF, [in which فِى الكَفَّيْنِ is put in the place of فى الكَتِفِيْنِ,] (TA,) is in error: (K:) or the وَابِلَتَانِ [q. v., a word variously explained]: (M, TA:) in the copies of the K, الرَّابِلَتَانِ is erroneously put for الوَابِلَتَانِ. (TA.) مُرْسَلٌ: see رَسُولٌ, second sentence. b2: Applied to a tradition (حَدِيثٌ), it means (assumed tropical:) Of which the ascription is not traced up so as to reach to its author: (Msb:) [i.e.] الأَحَادِيثُ المُرْسَلَةُ means the traditions which one relates as on the authority of a تَابِعِىّ, (K TA,) by tracing up the ascription thereof uninterruptedly to him, (TA,) when the تابعىّ says, “The Apostle of God (May God bless and save him) said,” without mentioning a صَحَابِىّ (K, TA) who heard it from the Apostle of God: (TA: [and the like is said in the Mgh:]) مَرَاسِيلُ is the [pl. or] quasi-pl. n. of مُرْسَلٌ thus used, [or rather used as a subst., or as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant,] like as مَنَاكِيرُ is of مُنْكَرٌ. (Mgh.) b3: In lexicology, it means, like مُنْقَطِعٌ, (assumed tropical:) That of which the series of transmitters is interrupted: as a word &c. handed down by IDrd as on the authority of Az [with whom he was not contemporary, without his mentioning the intermediate transmitters]: and such is not admitted [as unquestionable]; because exactness is a condition of the admission of what is transmitted, and the exactness of him who is not mentioned is not known. (Mz 4th نوع.) b4: مَجَازٌ مُرْسَلٌ: see art. جوز. b5: [See also the next paragraph.]

مُرْسَلَةٌ A قِلَادَة [or necklace], (M,) or a long قلادة, (IDrd, O, K,) that falls upon the bosom: (IDrd, M, O, K:) or a قلادة upon which are beads &c. (Yz, O, K.) b2: As used in the Kur [lxxvii. 1], (M,) المُرْسَلَاتُ means The winds (S, M, K, TA) that are sent forth, [by عُرْفًا, which follows it, being meant consecutively,] like [the several portions of] the mane of the horse: (TA:) or the angels [so sent forth]: (Th, S, M, K, TA:) or the horses (M, K, TA) that are started, [one following another,] in the racecourse. (TA.) مِرْسَالٌ One who sends the morsel [that he eats] into his fauces: or who throws forth the branch from his hand, (O, K,) when he goes in a place of trees, (O,) in order that he may hurt his companion. (O, K.) b2: A short arrow: (S, O:) or a small arrow. (K.) b3: See also رَسْلٌ, in three places. b4: And see رَسُولٌ.

مُرَاسِلٌ: see رَسْلٌ.

A2: See also رَسِيلٌ, in two places. b2: Also A woman who interchanges messages, or letters, with the men who demand women in marriage: or whose husband has become separated from her (M, K, TA) in any manner, (M, TA,) by his having died or his having divorced her: (TA:) or who has become advanced in age, (M, K, TA,) but has in her some remains of youth: (M, TA:) or whose husband has died, or who has perceived that he desires to divorce her, and who therefore adorns herself for another man, and interchanges messages, or letters, with him (S, K, * TA) by means of the men who demand women in marriage, (TA,) and who has in her some remains (K, TA) of youth; but this addition is more properly mentioned in a former explanation. (TA.) The subst. [app. meaning The state, or condition, of a woman such as is thus termed] is ↓ رِسَالٌ. (M, TA.) مُسْتَرْسِلٌ: see رَسْلٌ.

A2: مُسْتَرْسِلٌ لِلْمَوْتِ i. q. مُسْتَميتٌ and مُسْتَقْتلٌ [i. e. Seeking, or courting, death or slaughter; resigning, or subjecting, himself to death, and not caring for death]. (A and TA in art. موت.)

رول

2 روّل, (Lth, T, S,) inf. n. تَرْوِيلٌ, (S,) He (a horse) slavered in his مِخْلَاة [or nose-bag]. (Lth, T, S.) [See also رَالَ in art. ريل.] b2: He discharged his urine interruptedly and convulsively. (Sh, T.) b3: He (a horse) put forth his yard for the purpose of staling. (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, K.) And (M, in the K “ or,”) He extended his penis feebly: (M, K: *) or he emitted his semen before access to the woman. (K.) A2: Also, (inf. n. as above, T, S, K,) He seasoned a cake of bread with grease or fat, or melted grease or fat, or the like, (M, K,) and with clarified butter: (M:) or he rubbed it with clarified butter, (As, T, M, K,) and with grease, or gravy, or dripping: (As, T, M:) or he rubbed it hard, or much, with clarified butter: (S:) or he soaked bread in clarified butter; and the like: (Ham p. 114:) or he made his food, (M,) or a cake of bread, (K,) very greasy: (M, K:) i. q. رَوَّغَ [q. v.]. (JK and TA in art. روغ.) رُوَالٌ and ↓ رَاوُولٌ, (As, T, S, M, K,) the former also with ء, [رُؤَالٌ,] as mentioned in art. رالٌ, (TA,) but not the latter, for the Arabs do not pronounce a word of this [class and] measure with ء, (S, TA,) and A'Obeyd says that it is without ء, or, accord. to ISk, it is [also] with ء, (M and TA in art. رأل,) Slaver: (IAar and T in explanation of the former, and S in explanation of both:) [like رِيَالٌ, mentioned in art. ريل:] one says رَجُلٌ كَثِيرُ الرُّوَالِ A man having much slaver: (IAar, T: in one copy of the T الرُّؤَال:) and فُلَانٌ يَسِيلُ رُوَالُهُ Such a one, his slaver flows: (S:) or both signify the slaver of horses and similar beasts, (As, T, M, K,) and of children: (As, T:) or the former signifies peculiarly the froth, or foam, of the horse: (M, K: *) accord. to Lth, the saliva of the horse or similar beast. (T.) [See رُؤَالٌ, in art. رأل.]

A2: See also the next paragraph.

رَائِلٌ Falling in drops. (AA, T, K.) رُوَالٌ رَائِلٌ means Slaver falling in drops. (AA, T.) and (K) it has an intensive signification, [app. meaning Much slaver,] (M, K,) like شِعْرٌ شَاعِرٌ. (M.) A2: Also, (M, K,) and ↓ رَاوُولٌ, (S, TA,) but disallowed in this sense by As, (T, S,) in the K, erroneously, ↓ رُوَالٌ, (TA, [see also رُؤَالٌ, in art. رأل,]) A redundant tooth, (S, M, K,) in a man and a horse, (S,) not growing in the manner of the أَضْرَاس [or other teeth]: (M, K:) or رَائِلٌ and ↓ رَائِلَةٌ signify a tooth that grows to a horse or similar beast, preventing him from drinking [with ease] and from [eating in the manner termed]

قَضْمٌ: (Lth, T:) accord. to ISh, رَوَائِلُ [pl. of ↓ رَائِلَةٌ] signifies small teeth that grow at the roots of the large teeth, and excavate the roots of the latter so that these fall out: (T:) [and] so رَوَاوِيلُ: (TA:) or this last, which is pl. of ↓ رَاوُولٌ, signifies redundant teeth that are behind the [other] teeth; as also رَوَاوِلُ, with the ى elided. (Ham p. 818.) رَائِلَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

رَاوُولٌ: see رُوَالٌ: A2: and see also رَائِلٌ, in two places.

مِرْوَلٌ, (IAar, T, K, in one copy of the T مُرَوِّلٌ,) like مِنْبَرٌ, (K,) A man having much slaver. (IAar, T, K.) b2: And [Bread, or food,] soft with seasoning. (IAar, T, TA.) b3: And A horse much affecting to act as a stallion. (IAar, T, TA.) A2: Also A piece of a weak rope: (AHn, M, K:) and a piece of a rope of which no use is made. (AHn, M.) مُرَوِّلٌ [see 2, of which it is a part. n.:] One whose penis is, or becomes, flaccid: so accord. to IAar. (T.)

ردم

1 رَدَمَ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (S, K,) or ـُ (M, Msb,) inf. n. رَدْمٌ, (Lth, T, S, M, Msb,) He stopped up, or closed, syn. سَدَّ, (Lth, T, S, M, Msb, K,) a door, (Lth, T, M, K,) or a place of entrance, (T,) and a gap, or breach, (Lth, T, S, M, Msb, K,) and the like, (Lth, T, M, Msb,) wholly: (Lth, T, K:) or to the extent of a third thereof: (K:) or it signifies more than سَدَّ; (M, K;) [i. e. he stopped up by putting one thing upon another; as in building up a doorway or the like;] for الرَّدْمُ is “ that of which one part is put upon another. ” (M.) b2: And رَدَمَ, (S, TA,) inf. n. رَدْمٌ; (TA;) and ↓ ردّم, inf. n. تَرْدِيمٌ; (S, TA;) and ↓ تردّم; (S, K, TA;) He patched, or pieced, a garment, or piece of cloth; or patched, or pieced, it in several places. (S, K, TA.) b3: And رُدِمَ It (anything) was put, and joined, or sewed, one part to another. (TA.) A2: رَدَمَ القَوْسَ, (M,) inf. n. رَدْمٌ, He caused the bow to make a sound, [i. e., to twang,] by pulling the string and then letting it go. (M, K. *) And رُدِمَتِ القَوْسُ The bow was so caused to make a sound. (T, M.) A3: رَدَمَ, aor. ـْ or يَرْدُمُ, with damm, (accord. to different copies of the S, [in one copy رَدُمَ, with damm, which is a mistake,]) inf. n. رُدَامٌ; (S, K; *) or رَدَمَ, said of a camel, and of an ass, aor. ـْ (M,) inf. n. رَدْمٌ, (M, K, *) and رُدَامٌ is the subst.; or رَدَمَ بِهَا, inf. n. رَدْمٌ, used in a general manner; (M;) He broke wind, with a sound. (S, M, K. *) A4: See also 4, in two places.2 رَدَّمَ see 1. b2: [Hence,] ردّم كَلَامَهُ, and ↓ تردّم [i. e. تردّم كلامه] (tropical:) He considered repeatedly his saying, or speech, so as to rectify it, and repair what was defective thereof. (TA.) A2: See also 5.4 أَرْدَمَتِ الحُمّى The fever continued, or was continuous; (T, S, M, K;) as also ↓ رَدَمَت: and in like manner one says of the سَحَاب [or clouds]; and of the وِرْد [or coming to water, or company of men &c. coming to water, &c.]. (K.) Yousay, أَرْدَمَتْ عَلَيْهِ الحُمَّى The fever continued upon him: (M:) did not quit him. (T.) And اردم عَلَيْهِ المَرَضُ The disease clave to him. (M.) b2: أَرْدَمَتِ الشَّجَرَةُ The tree became green after it had become dry; as also ↓ رَدَمَت. (K.) A2: اردم البَعِيرَ He felt the camel, to know if he were fat. (K.) 5 تَرَدَّمَ see 1: b2: and 2. b3: Also تردّم فُلَانًا (tropical:) He sought to find in such a one something that he should be ashamed to expose, or some slip or fault, and obtained a knowledge of the state, or case, in which he was; (K, TA;) as though he imputed some error to him. (TA.) b4: And تردّم القَوْمُ الأَرْضَ (assumed tropical:) The people, or party, consumed, or ate, the pasture (مَرْتَع) of the land time after time [or part after part, app. so as to make the ground appear as though it were patched]. (M.) A2: تردّم also signifies It (a garment, or piece of cloth,) was, or became, old, and worn out, requiring to be patched: (S, K: [see also 8:]) this verb being intrans. as well as trans. (S.) A3: تردّمت, [or تردّمت عَلَى وَلَدِهَا, as seems to be implied in the K,] She (a camel, M) inclined to, or affected, her young one; (M, K;) [perhaps from رَدَمَ القَوْسَ, because of her yearning cry;] as also عَلَى وَلَدِهَا ↓ ردّمت, inf. n. تَرْدِيمٌ. (K.) A4: تردّمت الخُصُومَةُ The contention, or altercation, was, or became, far-extending, and long. (K. [See also 4.]) 8 ارتدم, said of a place, [a door, or a place of entrance, a gap, or breach, and the like, (see 1, first sentence,)] It was, or became, stopped up, or closed. (Msb.) b2: [And app., said of a garment, or piece of cloth, It was, or became, old, and worn out, and patched, or pieced; or patched, or pieced, in several places: see its part. n., مُرْتَدِمٌ: and see also 5.] b3: [Also He put on, or he was, or became, clad with, old and worn-out garments. (Freytag, from the “ Deewán el-Hudhaleeyeen. ”)]

رَدْمٌ is an inf. n. and also a subst. [in the proper sense of this term]: (S, M, TA:) as the latter, i. q. سَدٌّ (S, K *) or سُدٌّ (M) [as meaning A thing intervening between two other things, preventing the passage from one to the other; an obstruction; a barrier; any building with which a place is obstructed]; a meaning erroneously assigned in the B to رَدَمٌ: (TA:) or a thing of which one part is put upon another: (M:) a rampart, or fortified barrier: it is larger than a سدّ; and is [said to be] from ثَوْبٌ مُرَدَّمٌ meaning “ [a garment, or piece of cloth,] having patches upon patches: ” (Bd in xviii. 94:) and signifies also anything having parts put, and joined or sewed, one upon another: (M:) pl. رُدُومٌ. (M, K.) الرَّدْمُ also signifies particularly The rampart (السُّدُّ, M, or السَّدُّ, K) that is between us [meaning the people of the territory of the Muslims] and Yájooj and Májooj [or Gog and Magog]: (M, K, * TA:) mentioned in the Kur xviii. 94. (TA.) and What falls, [and lies in a heap, one part upon another,] of a wall in a state of demolition. (M, K.) A2: Also A sound, (M, K,) in a general sense: (K:) or particularly the sound [or twang] of a bow. (M, K.) b2: And An emission of wind from the anus, with a sound; (M, K;) as also ↓ رُدَامٌ: (S, K:) or this is a subst. from رَدَمَ said of a camel, and of an ass, meaning “ he broke wind with a sound. ” (M.) b3: And, applied to a man, (M,) (assumed tropical:) One in whom is no good; and so ↓ رُدَامٌ, (M, K,) and ↓ مِرْدَامٌ. (K.) رُدَامٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, last two sentences.

رَدُومٌ One who often breaks wind, with a sound: used in this sense by Jereer. (Freytag.)]

رَدِيمٌ An old, and worn-out, garment, or piece of cloth: (T, S, K:) and a garment, or piece of cloth, patched, or pieced; or patched, or pieced, in several places; (S;) and so ↓ مُرَدَّمٌ; (Lth, T, S, K;) like مُلَدَّمٌ: (Lth, T:) or ↓ مُرَدَّمٌ signifies having patches upon patches: (Bd in xviii. 94:) or this last, and ↓ مُرْتَدِمٌ and ↓ مُتَرَدِّمٌ, a garment, or piece of cloth, old, and worn-out, and patched, or pieced, or patched or pieced in several places: (M:) or ↓ مُتَرَدِّمٌ, a garment, or piece of cloth, old, and worn out, requiring to be patched: (S:) the pl. of رَدِيمٌ is رُدُمٌ. (Lth, T, K.) رَدِيمَةٌ [in some copies of the K رَدِيمَانِ, which, as is said in the TA, is a mistranscription,] Two garments, or pieces of cloth, that are sewed together; (M, K;) like what is called لِفَاق; (M, TA;) in the copies of the K, erroneously, لِفَاف: (TA:) pl. رُدُمٌ, (M, K, [in a copy of the M, accord. to the TA, رُدُوم,]) as though the ة [in the sing.] were imagined to be rejected. (M.) حُمَّى مُرْدِمٌ, (S, M,) and سَحَابٌ مُرْدِمٌ, (S,) and وِرْدٌ مُرْدِمٌ, (TA,) [A fever, and clouds, and a coming to water, or a company of men &c. coming to water, &c.,] continuing, or continuous. (S, M, TA.) مُرَدَّمٌ: see رَدِيمٌ, in two places.

مِرْدَامٌ: see رَدْمٌ, last sentence.

مُرْتَدِمٌ: see رَدِيمٌ.

مُتَرَدَّمٌ A place, of a garment, or piece of cloth, that is to be patched, or pieced, (T, S, K,) syn. مُتَرَقَّعٌ; and to be repaired, or mended, syn. مُتَصَلَّحٌ. (T.) 'Antarah says, [commencing his mo'allakah,] هَلْ غَادَرَ الشُّعَرَآءُ مِنْ مُتَرَدَّمِ

أَمْ هَلْ عَرَفْتَ الدَّارَ بَعْدَ تَوَهُّمِ (T, S, M,) i. e. (assumed tropical:) [Have the poets left any deficiency to be supplied? or,] any discourse to be annexed to other discourse? meaning, they have preceded me in saying, and left no say for a sayer [after them]: (M:) or have the poets left any place to be patched, or pieced, which they have not patched, or pieced, and repaired? meaning, the former has not left for the latter anything respecting which to mould his verses; i. e. poets have preceded me not leaving for me any place that I may patch, or piece, nor any place that I may repair: then he digresses, and says, address-ing himself, [Nay but I have somewhat to say:] hast thou known the abode of thy beloved, 'Ableh, after thy doubting respecting it? (EM pp. 219 — 220.) مُتَرَدِّمٌ: see رَدِيمٌ, in two places.

ريم

1 رَيْمٌ is syn. with بَرَاحٌ; (Lth, T, M, K;) and the verb is رَامَ, aor. ـِ [He went away, or departed; and he quitted a place: and he ceased doing a thing:] (Lth, T, TA:) رَيْمٌ being the inf. n. (TA.) IAar used to say, in relation [or reply] to the saying مَا رِمْتُ [I did not go away, &c., or I have not gone away, &c.], بَلَى قَدْ رِمْتُ [Nay, I did go away, &c., or I have gone away, &c.]: but others use the verb only with a negative particle: (T:) or it is mostly used in negative phrases. (TA.) You say, رَامَهُ, aor. ـِ (S, Mgh,) inf. n. as above, (S,) He went away from it, departed from it, or quitted it; syn. بَرِحَهُ; (S;) or زَالَ مِنْهُ, and فَارَقَهُ; namely, his place. (Mgh.) And رِمْتُ فُلَانًا and رَمْتُ مِنْ عِنْدِ فُلَانٍ

[I went away from such a one]: both meaning the same. (S.) And لَا تَرِمْهُ Go not thou away from him, or it; syn. لَاتَبْرَحْهُ. (S.) And مَا رِمْتُ المَكَانَ and مَا رِمْتُ مِنْهُ (M, K) I went not from the place; syn. مَا بَرِحْتُ. (K.) And مَا رِمْتُ أَفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ (M, * K, * TA) I ceased not doing that; syn. مَا بَرِحْتُ. (TA.) b2: And i. q. تَبَاعُدٌ [The being, or becoming, distant, remote, far off, or aloof; &c.]: (T, K:) [you say,] مَا يَرِيمٌ [He does not become distant, &c.]. (T.) [Accord. to the TK, it is, in this sense, inf. n. of رَامَهُ, aor. as above, meaning He was, or became, distant, &c., from it.] b3: And An inclining, or a leaning, in the load of a camel, (K, TA,) by reason of excess and heaviness thereof. (TA.) One says, لِهٰذَا العِدْلِ رَيْمٌ عَلَى هٰذَا [There is to this side-burden an inclining, or a leaning, by reason of an excess of weight over this: or,] a heaviness [exceeding that of this], by reason of which it inclines, or leans. (TA.) [And accord. to the TK, you say of the load of a camel, رَامَ, meaning It inclined, or leaned.] b4: And The becoming drawn together, of the mouth of a wound, in order to heal; as also رَيَمَانٌ. (K.) [Both are said in the TK to be inf. ns. of رَامَ, aor. as above, said of a wound, meaning Its mouth became drawn together, in order to heal.]

A2: رِيمَ بِهِ i. q. قُطِعَ بِهِ [He was or became, disabled from prosecuting, or unable to prosecute, his journey]. (S, K.) A rájiz says, وَرِيمَ بِالسَّاعِى الَّذِى كَانَ مَعِى

[And the messenger that was with me became disabled from prosecuting his journey]. (S, TA.) 2 ريّم عَلَيْهِ, (T, K,) inf. n. تَرْيِيمٌ, (TA,) He exceeded him; (T, K, TA;) i. e., one man, another; (T;) in journeying, or pace, and the like: from رَيْمٌ as signifying زِيَادَةٌ and فَضْلٌ [i. e.

“ excess,” &c.], or as signifying بَرَاحٌ [expl. above]. (TA.) b2: ريّم بِالمَكَانِ, (ISk, S, M,) inf. n. as above, (ISk, S,) He (a man, ISk, S) remained, stayed, dwelt, or abode, in the place. (ISk, S. M.) And رَيَّمَتِ السَّحَابَةُ فَأَغْضَنَتْ The cloud remained without clearing away [and rained continually]. (S, TA.) b3: And ريّم, inf. n. as above, He journeyed all the day. (TA.) رَيْمٌ Excess, redundance, or superiority; syn. فَضْلٌ, (ISk, T, S, M, K,) and زِيَادَةٌ, (S, K,) which is like فَضْلٌ. (TA.) One says, لِهٰذَا رَيْمٌ عَلَى هٰذَا This has excess, or superiority, (فَضْلٌ, ISk, T,) over this. (ISk, T, S. *) الرَّيْمُ عَلَىالمَزْجُورِ, a phrase used by El-'Ajjáj, means مَنْ زُجِرَ فَعَلَيْهِ الفَضْلُ [which may be rendered He who is chidden, it is incumbent on him to exceed; or he who is chidden is exceeded]: (T, S:) such being always the case; for one is chidden only on account of an affair in which he has fallen short of doing what was requisite. (S.) b2: A thing such as is termed عِلَاوَة [q. v.] between the two side-loads of a camel. (IAar, T, K.) Hence the saying, الرَّيْمُ

أَثْقَلُ عَلَى الدَّوَابِّ مِنَ الحِمْلِ [The additional burden that is put between the two side-loads is more onerous to the beasts than the (usual) load]. (TK) after the flesh of the slaughtered camel has been distributed (T, S) in the game called المَيْسِر, (T,) and which is given to the slaughterer: (M, K:) accord. to Lh, the camel for slaughter is brought, and its owner slaughters it, then puts it upon something laid upon the ground to preserve it from pollution, having divided it into ten portion, namely, the two haunches, and the two thighs, and the rump, and the withers, and the breast, and [the part of the back called] the مَلْحَــآء [q. v.], and the two shoulders together with the two arms; then he betakes himself to the طَفَاطِف [or soft parts, such as the flanks, or the soft parts of the belly], and the vertebræ of the neck, and distributes them upon those portions equally; and if there remain a bone, or a small piece of flesh, that is the رَيْم: then the slaughterer waits with it for him who desires it, and he whose arrow wins, his it is; otherwise, it is for the slaughterer. (M, TA.) b3: The last portion of the day-time, extending to the confusedness (اِخْتِلَاط, for which اِخْتِلَاف is erroneously put in the copies of the K, TA) of the darkness. (M, K, TA.) A long [indefinite period such as is termed] سَاعَة: (S, K:) so in the saying, قَدْ بَقِىَ رَيْمٌ مِنَ النَّهَارِ [A long period of the day-time had remained; or, emphatically, remains]. (S.) And نَهَارٌ رَيْمٌ meansA long day or day-time: so in the saying, عَلَيْكَ نَهَارٌ رَيْمٌ [app. meaning A long day is appointed thee for the performance of a work or task]. (Az, T.) A2: Also i. q. دَرَجَةٌ [as meaning A series of stairs:] (IAar, JM, T, S, M, K:) of the dial. of El-Yemen. (S.) Aboo-'Amr Ibn-'Alà says, as related by As, I was in El-Yemen, and I came to the house of a man, inquiring for him, and a man of the house said to me, اُسْمُكْ فِى الرَّيْمِ, meaning اِصْعَدِ الدَّرَجَةِ [Ascend thou the stairs]. (JM, cited in the PS.) b2: And i. q. دُكَّانٌ [meaning A kind of wide bench, of stone or brick; and also a shop]: (M, TA:) likewise of the dial. of El-Yemen. (TA.) b3: And Small mountains. (IAar, T, K.) b4: And A grave: (IAar, T, S, M, K:) or the middle thereof. (M, K.) A3: See also what next follows.

رِيمٌ, (JM, T, PS,) with kesr, (JM, PS,) [accord. to the K, erroneously, ↓ رَيْمٌ, The antilope leucoryx;] a white antelope; (JM, PS;) an antelope (ظَبْىٌ) that is purely white: (IAar, T, K:) written with and without ء: [see رِئْمٌ, in art. رأم:] pl. أَرْآمٌ (JM, PS) [and آرَامٌ].

مَرْيَمٌ A woman who loves the discourse of men, but does not act vitiously or immorally, or commit adultery or fornication. (K.) Also a [female] proper name. (K.) It is said by AA to be of the measure مَفْعَلٌ from رَامَ, aor. ـِ (S, Sgh, Msb, TA:) but some say that, as a proper name, it is arabicized, from مَارِيَة. (TA.)

رفه

1 رَفُهَ عَيْشُهُ, (JK, K,) or العَيْشُ, (Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. رَفَاهَةٌ and رَفَاهِيَةٌ (JK, Mgh, Msb, K *) and رُفْهَةٌ, (JK,) His life, or the life, was, or became, ample in its means or circumstances, unstraitened, or plentiful, (JK, Mgh, Msb, K,) and easy, pleasant, soft, or delicate. (JK, * Msb, K.) [See also رَفَاهَةٌ, below.]

A2: رَفَهَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رُفُوهٌ (JK, Msb, K) and رَفْهٌ (Msb, K) and رِفْهٌ, (K,) [or this last is perhaps a simple subst.,] said of a man, He led [a plentiful, and] an easy, a pleasant, a soft, or a delicate, life; (K;) he found, or experienced, [or enjoyed, (see the part. n. رَافِهٌ, below,)] an easy, a pleasant, a soft, or a delicate, life, with ampleness of the means of subsistence; and ↓ ترفّه is [syn. therewith, its part. n. مُتَرَفِّهٌ being syn. with رَافِهٌ, and the verb itself being] quasipass. of رَفَّهَ: (Msb:) or he found, or experienced, rest, or ease, after fatigue. (JK.) [See also 4.]

b2: رَفَهَتِ الإِبِلُ, (S, Mgh, K,) aor. ـَ (S, Mgh,) inf. n. رَفْهٌ and رُفُوهٌ, (S, [and it is implied in the K that رِفْهٌ also is an inf. n. of the verb thus used, but it is a simple subst. accord. to the S,]) The camels came to the water to drink (S, Mgh, K) every day, (S,) when they would. (S, Mgh, K.) [See رِفْهٌ, below.]

A3: أَمَا تَرْفَهُ فُلَانًا Hast thou not, or wherefore wilt thou not have, mercy, or pity, or compassion, on such a one? (TA. [The meaning is there only indicated by the context.]) 2 رفّه, inf. n. تَرْفِيهٌ: see 4, in five places. b2: رفّه نَفْسَهُ, inf. n. as above, He rested himself; made himself to be at rest or at ease; or gave himself rest. (Mgh, Msb.) b3: رفّه عَنْهُ, (JK, S, Mgh, K,) or عَلَيْهِ, (so accord. to one copy of the S, [both correct, but the former the more common,]) inf. n. as above, (S, K,) He made his circumstances ample and easy; eased him, or relieved him; and granted him a delay; (JK, * S, * Mgh, K; *) namely, his debtor; (S, Mgh;) or one who was in straitness, or distress: (TA:) and he behaved, or acted, gently, softly, tenderly, graciously, or courteously, with him: (JK, TA: *) and رَفِّهْ عَلَىَّ Grant thou to me a delay: it is from رِفْهٌ as used in relation to camels. (Mgh.) and رُفِّهَ عَنْهُ التَّعَبُ Fatigue was removed from him, or made to quit him. (TA.) 4 ارفه He found, or experienced, rest, or ease, (K,) or he remained, stayed, dwelt, or abode, and found, or experienced, rest, or ease, (IAar, TA,) عِنْدِنَا at our abode; as also ↓ رفّه, inf. n. تَرْفِيهٌ; (IAar, TA;) and ↓ استرفه. (IAar, K.) b2: He kept continually, or constantly, to the eating of dainty food, (K, TA,) and indulged himself largely in eating and drinking: and this is said to be meant in a trad. in which الإِرْفَاه is forbidden; because it is one of the practices of the foreigners and of worldly people. (TA.) b3: He anointed himself, (JK, S, K,) and combed, or anointed and combed, his hair, (S,) every day: (JK, S, K:) and this also is said to be meant in the trad. above mentioned: (JK, S, TA:) or by الارفاه in that trad. is meant [the indulging in] ease and plenty. (JK.) b4: ارفهُ المَالُ The cattle remained near to the water (K, TA) in the water-ing-trough or tank, pasturing there upon the plants, or trees, called حَمْض. (TA.) b5: and ارفهوا Their camels, (JK,) or their cattle, (K,) came to the water to drink (JK, K) every day, (JK,) or when they would. (K.) A2: أَرْفَهَهُمْ He (God) made them to have an easy, a pleasant, a soft, or a delicate, and a plentiful, life; as also ↓ رَفَّهَهُمْ, inf. n. تَرْفِيهٌ: (K, TA:) and أَرْفَهْتُهُ and ↓ رَفَّهْتُهُ I made him to find, or experience, [or enjoy, (see 1,)] an easy, a pleasant, a soft, or a delicate, life, with ampleness of the means of subsistence. (Msb.) b2: And ارفه الإِبِلَ; (S, K;) and ↓ رفّهها, (K,) and عَنْهَا ↓ رفّه, inf. n. as above; (TA;) He made the camels to come to the water to drink (S, K, TA) every day, (S, TA,) when they would. (S, K, TA.) 5 تَرَفَّهَ see 1.10 إِسْتَرْفَهَ see 4.

رِفْهٌ [said in the K to be an inf. n. of رَفَهَ said of a man, and app. of رَفَهَت said of camels: or it is] a subst. from رَفَهَت said of camels; (S;) and [thus] signifies The coming of camels to the water to drink (JK, S, * Mgh) every day, (JK, S, *) when they will: (S, * Mgh:) or the shortest and quickest of the times of coming to water. (TA.) [See also ثِلْثٌ, and عُرَيْجَآءُ.] Lebeed uses it metaphorically in relation to palm-trees growing over water, saying, يَشْرَبْنَ رِفْهًا عِرَاكًا غَيْرَ صَادِيَةٍ

فَكُلُّهَا كَارِعٌ فِى المَآءِ مُغْتَمِرُ [(tropical:) They drink every day, together, not thirsting; and every one of them is sipping the water, dipping therein]. (TA.) A2: Also Small, or young, palm-trees. (JK, K, TA. [By Golius and Freytag written, in this sense, رِفَهٌ.]) رُفَهٌ i. q. تِبْنٌ [i. e. Straw; or straw that has been trodden, or thrashed, and cut: by some written رُفَّةٌ; and by some, رُفَتٌ]: (Kr, S, K:) whence the prov., أَغْنَى مِنَ التُّفَهِ عَنِ الرُّفَهِ [More free from want than the badger is from the want of straw]; التُّفَهُ meaning the beast of prey called عَنَاقُ الأَرْضِ; because it does not feed upon straw: (S:) [by some written التُّفَّهُ; and by some, التُّفَةُ; and by some, التُّفَّةُ:] accord. to some, the former word is with ة; and الرُّفَرُفَتٌ occurs as its pl. in a verse cited by IF: accord to ISk, the two words are correctly without teshdeed, and with the radical ه. (TA in art. تفه.) [See also رُفَتٌ, in art. رفت.]

رَفْهَةٌ Pity, compassion, or mercy. (AHeyth, K.) Thus expl. as used in the saying, إِذَا سَقَطَتِ الطَّرْفَهْ قَلَّتْ فِى الأَرْضِ الرَّفْهَه. (TA. [But الطَّرْفَه is here an evident mistranscription for الصَّرْفَه, the name of the Twelfth Mansion of the Moon: the meaning is, When الصرفه sets aurorally, pity becomes little in the earth; because then the cold ends: see art. صرف.]) رَفْهَانُ: see رَافِهٌ, in two places.

رُفَهْنِيَةٌ: see رَفَاهَةٌ.

رَفِيهٌ: see رَافِهٌ, in two places.

رَفَاهَةٌ and ↓ رَفَاهِيَةٌ, (S, Msb, K, [both expressly shown in the JK and Mgh and Msb to be inf. ns.,]) like رَفَاغَةٌ and رَفَاغِيَةٌ, (TA,) and ↓ رُفَهْنِيَةٌ, (S, K,) like رُفَغْنِيَةٌ, (TA,) the last rendered مُلْحَــقٌ">quasi-coordinate to the quinqueliteral-radical class [partly] by means of ا in its latter part, changed into ى because of the kesreh before it, (S, [but mentioned also in a separate art., as well as here, in the S and K,]) A state of life ample in its means or circumstances, unstraitened, or plentiful, (S, Msb, K,) and easy, pleasant, soft, or delicate: (Msb, K:) so in the saying, هُوَ فِى رَفَاهَةٍ مِنَ العَيْشِ (S) and رَفَاهِيَةٍ (S, Msb) and رُفَهْنِيَةٍ (S) He is in a state of life ample in its means &c. (S, Msb.) رَفَاهِيَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

رَافِهٌ, applied to life, as meaning Ample in its means or circumstances, unstraitened, or plentiful, (Mgh,) [and easy, pleasant, soft, or delicate; like

↓ رَفِيهٌ: b2: and] applied to a man, (JK, S, Msb,) In a state of ease, and ampleness of the means or circumstances of life; (JK, S;) in a state of rest, or ease; (Mgh, Msb, K;) enjoying an easy, a pleasant, a soft, or a delicate, life; (Msb, K;) as also ↓ رَفِيهٌ (K [though this seems to be applied more properly to life itself, being from رَفُهَ,]) and ↓ رَفْهَانُ (K) and ↓ مُتَرَفِّهٌ: (Mgh, Msb, K:) or ↓ رَفْهَانُ signifies in a state of rest, or ease, after fatigue; and its pl. is رِفَاهٌ and رَفَاهَى. (JK.) b3: إِبِلٌ رَوَافِهُ, [the latter word being pl. of رَافِهَةٌ,] Camels coming to the water to drink (JK, K) every day, (JK,) when they will. (K.) b4: بَيْنِى

وَبَيْنَكَ لَيْلَةٌ رَافِهَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and ثَلَاثُ لَيَالٍ رَوَافِهُ, (JK, S, K, *) [Between me and thee is a night, and are three nights,] of gentle, or easy, journeying. (JK, S, Msb, K.) b5: هُوَ رَافِهٌ بِهِ He is affected with mercy, pity, or compassion, for him. (Aboo-Leylà, K.) هُوَ أَرْفَهُ مِنْهُ means أَكْثَرُ رَفْهًا [i. e. He is one who leads, or enjoys, a more easy, pleasant, soft, or delicate, and plentiful, life than he]. (TA.) مُتَرَفِّهٌ: see رَافِهٌ.

سخت

سَخْتٌ, (S, K,) originally Pers\., (TA,) Vehement, or intense; (S, K;) as also ↓ سَخِيتٌ (K) and ↓ سِخْتِيتٌ. (S, K.) One says, هٰذَا حَرٌّ سَخْتٌ, (Lh, S,) or سَخْتٌ لَخْتٌ, (TA,) This is vehement, or intense, heat; a phrase well known in the language of the Arabs, who use certain Pers\., or foreign, words, as, for instance, بَلَاس for مِسْح. (Lh, S, TA. [See also سَحْتٌ.]) And حَلِفٌ

↓ سِخْتِيتٌ Vehement swearing. (S.) And كَذِبٌ

↓ سِخْتِيتٌ A vehement lie: and a pure, or an unmixed, lie. (TA.) b2: Also, from the Pers\., Anything hard and thin or fine. (TA.) سَخِيتٌ: see the preceding paragraph: b2: and that here following.

سِخْتِيتٌ: see the first paragraph, in three places. b2: Also Dust rising very high: (S, K:) and ↓ سَخِيتٌ likewise signifies [the same, or] dust rising high; (TA in art. شخت;) as also شِخْتِيتٌ and شَخِيتٌ and شِخِّيتٌ; (K in that art.;) said to be arabicized words from the Pers\.

سَخْتْ: (TA in that art.:) and the first (سختيت [and app. the others also]), fine dust. (TA in the present art.) And Anything fine; as, for instance, flour, or meal. (AA, TA.) Fine سَوِيق [or meal of parched barley, &c.]: (As, TA:) or سويق that is not moistened with any seasoning, or savoury admixture: (S:) or سويق having little grease or gravy [mixed with it]; as also سِحْتِيتٌ and سُحْتُوتٌ. (K and TA in the present art. and in art. سحت.) And Fine حُوَّارَى [or white flour]. (As, K.) سِخْتِيَانٌ and سَخْتيان (K, TA) and accord. to some سُخْتيان; the second of which is asserted by the expositors of Bkh to be the most common and most chaste; but Esh-Shiháb [El-Khafájee], in the “ Sharh esh-Shifà,” mentions only the form with kesr to the س and fet-h and kesr to the ت; and Ibn-Et-Tilimsánee mentions only the form with damm to the س and fet-h and kesr to the ت, adding that it is also written with ج; MF, however, deems what this last says to be very strange, and more especially with respect to the word's being written with ج, which he affirms to be unknown; (TA;) [Morocco-leather; so in the present day;] tanned goat's skin; an arabicized word, (K,) from the Pers\.: expl. by IAth as jujube-coloured [or dark dull red] skins (جُلُودٌ عُنَّابِيَّةٌ); not [such as from their red colour are termed] أُدْمٌ. (TA.) سِخْتِيَانِىٌّ A preparer and seller of سِخْتِيَان. (K, * TA.)

سكت

1 سَكَتَ, (S, Msb, TA,) aor. ـُ (Lth, TA,) inf. n. سُكُوتٌ and سَكْتٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and سُكَاتٌ (S, K) and سَاكُوتَةٌ, (K,) [all these ns. said in the K to signify the same, but this is not exactly the case, for the last is of an intensive form,] He was, or became, silent, mute, or speechless; contr. of نَطَقَ; (TA;) i. q. صَمَتَ: (Lth, Msb, TA:) or سَكَتَ is said of him who has the power, or faculty, of speech, but abstains from making use of it; whereas صَمَتَ is sometimes said of that which has not the power, or faculty, of speech: (Er-Rághib, MF, TA:) or سَكَتَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. سُكُوتٌ and سَكْتٌ, signifies he (a man) ceased, or stopped, speaking; and سَكَتَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. سَكْتٌ, (assumed tropical:) he (a man) was, or became, still, or quiet; syn. سَكَنَ: (Zj, TA:) [it is said that] ↓ اسكت, also, is syn. with صَمَتَ, like سَكَتَ; (Msb;) accord. to Az, one says of a man, صَمَتَ and أَصَمَتَ and سَكَتَ and ↓ أَسْكَتَ: (TA:) or, as some say, ↓ اسكت signifies he was, or became, silent, or he spoke not; and he ceased [from speech], or broke off [therefrom], or became cut short [therein]: (Msb:) or سَكَتَ signifies he was, or became, silent intentionally; and ↓ اسكت, he was, or became, silent by reason of thought or disease or fear: (TA:) or you say تَكَلَّمَ ثُمَّ سَكَتَ without ا [when you mean he spoke and then became silent, i. e., intentionally]; (S) but you say ↓ اسكت when you mean his speech became broken off, or cut short, and so he spoke not. (S, K.) It is said in a prov., سَكَتَ أَلْفًا ونَطَقَ خَلْفًا He held his tongue from a thousand words (سَكَتَ عَنْ أَلْفِ كَلِمَةٍ), and then uttered what was wrong. (ISk, S and Msb in art. خلف.) and you say [of the quiescent ه that is sometimes added at the end of a word, after a vowel or a letter of prolongation, as in لَمْ يَرْضَهْ and وَا زَيْدَاهْ], هٰذِهِ هَآءُ السَّكْتِ [This is the هاء of pausation]. (A, TA.) One says also, of a she-camel, سَكَتَتْ, inf. n. سُكُوتٌ, meaning She uttered not the [grumbling] cry termed رُغَآء when the saddle was put upon her. (ISd, TA.) b2: [Hence سَكَتَ, aor. as above, inf. n. سَكْتٌ, as syn. with سَكَنَ, meaning as expl. above; and also (assumed tropical:) It was, or became, still, quiet, motionless, at rest, stilled, quieted, appeased, tranquillized, calm, allayed, assuaged, or quelled; it remitted; it subsided; and so ↓ اسكت.] You say, ضَرَبَهُ حَتَّى سَكَتَتْ حَرَكَتُهُ (A) or حركته ↓ أَسْكَتَتْ (TA) (tropical:) [He beat him until his motion became stilled]; and ↓ حتّى أَسْكَتَ (assumed tropical:) [until he became still]. (TA.) And سَكَتَ الغَضَبُ i. q. سَكَنَ, (S, Msb, TA,) meaning فَتَرَ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) The anger remitted; or became stilled, appeased, or allayed]; (TA:) as also ↓ اسكت: (Msb:) and سَكَتَ عَنْهُ الغَضَبُ (tropical:) [Anger, or the anger, became stilled so that it departed from him]. (A.) Hence, in the Kur [vii. 153], وَلَمَّا سَكَتَ عَنْ مُوسَى

الغَضَبُ, (S,) meaning, accord. to Zj, سَكَنَ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) And when the anger became stilled so that it departed from Moses]: or, as some say, the phrase is inverted, the meaning being وَلَمَّا سَكَتَ مُوسَى عَنِ الغَضَبِ [And when Moses was silent, ceasing from anger]: but the former is the explanation of those skilled in the Arabic language. (TA. [See also 4.]) You say also, سَكَتَ الحَرُّ, meaning (assumed tropical:) The heat became vehement, or intense, the wind being still. (TA.) b3: [Hence also,] (assumed tropical:) He died: (K:) occurring in this sense in a trad. (TA.) b4: سَاكَتَنِى فَسَكَتُّ: see 3.

A2: سَكَتَ said of a horse, [from السُّكَيْتُ,] He came in tenth in a race. (TA.) 2 سَكَّتَ see 4, in two places.3 سَاْكَتَ ↓ سَاكَتَنِى فَسَكَتُّ [may mean He kept silence with me and I was silent: or he vied with me in keeping silence and I surpassed therein: or it may have both of these meanings; both being agreeable with analogy]. (S, TA; in neither of which it is explained.) 4 اسكت as an intrans. verb: see 1, in nine places. b2: He turned away, and spoke not; occurring in this sense in a trad.: and اسكت عَنِ الشَّىْءِ He turned away from the thing. (TA.) A2: اسكتهُ and ↓ سكّتهُ (S, A, Msb) both signify the same, said of God (S) [and of a man]; He made him, or rendered him, silent, mute, or speechless; (Msb;) [he silenced, or hushed, him;] namely, a person speaking. (A.) And اسكتهُ عَنِى [He made him to abstain from speaking of, or to, me]. (As, TA in art. نصت.) And اسكت الصَّبِىَّ بِسُكْتَةٍ

[He silenced, or hushed, the child with a سُكْتَة]. (Lh, S, A, K.) And أُسْكِتَ means He was silenced in a dispute or the like. (A, TA.) b2: [And hence, (assumed tropical:) He stilled, quieted, appeased, tranquillized, calmed, allayed, assuaged, or quelled, it.] In the Kur vii. 153, some read, ↓ وَلَمَّا سُكِتَ عَنْ مُوسَى الغَضَبُ and أُسْكِتَ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) And when the anger was stilled so that it was made to depart from Moses]. (Bd. [For the usual reading see 1, latter part.]) سَكْتٌ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, &c.) b2: and [hence,] A division [or pause] between two musical sounds, or notes, without breathing; (T, K, TA;) as also ↓ سَكْتَةٌ. (TA.) A2: See also سِكِّيتٌ, in two places.

سَكْتَةٌ A single state of silence, muteness, or speechlessness. (Msb.) One says, لِلْجُبْلَى صَرْخَةٌ ثُمَّ سَكْتَةٌ [To the pregnant woman is attributable a vehement cry, then a silence]. (A, TA.) b2: In prayer, A silence [or pause] after the commencement; [i. e. after what precedes the first recitation of the Opening Chapter of the Kur-án;] which is approved: and, in like manner, after the ending of the recitation of the Opening Chapter of the Kur-án. (T, TA.) b3: See also سَكْتٌ. b4: Also A certain disease [by which a person loses his powers of speech and motion], (S, K, TA,) well known among the physicians; (TA;) [i. e. apoplexy; thus called in the present day:] accord. to some, the word in this sense should be written ↓ سِكْتَةٌ, because it denotes a mode [of silence or stillness]; but this is incorrect, being at variance with the authority of transmission. (TA.) b5: See also the next paragraph: A2: and see سِكِّيتٌ.

سُكْتَةٌ: see سِكْتَةٌ. b2: Also A thing (S, A, Msb, K) of any kind (S) with which one silences, or hushes, or quiets, a child, (S, A, Msb, K,) or other person; (S, K;) [generally meaning a lullaby of any kind for a child:] and somewhat remaining in a bag or other receptacle, (K, TA,) i. e. of food. (TA.) One says, مَا لَهُ سُكْتَةٌ لِعِيَالِهِ, and ↓ سَكْتَةٌ, meaning He has not any food with which to silence, or quiet his family, or household. (Lh, TA.) سِكْتَةٌ is a subst. from سَكَتَ; [signifying Silence, &c.; like سُكُوتٌ used as a subst.;] as also ↓ سُكْتَةٌ. (Lh, TA.) b2: See also سَكْتَةٌ.

سُكَاتٌ Constant, or continual, silence. (Msb.) Hence, by way of comparison, one says, الإِفْحَامُ سُكَاتٌ [as though meaning The state of being silenced in a dispute, &c., is a state of constant, or continual, silence: but it seems to mean, more probably, الافحام (as an act. inf. n.) is an act that silences; agreeably with what here follows]. (Msb.) b2: رَمَاهُ بِسُكَاتٍ (Az, M, K) and ↓ سُكَاتَةٍ, (Az, S, M, A, K,) to which latter is generally added وَصُمَاتَةٍ, (M, TA,) He (a man, S, M, and God, TA) smote him, or afflicted him, with a thing that silenced him; (S, A, K;) thought by ISd to mean, with anxiety, or grief, that silenced him, or a thing in consequence of which he became silent: not expl. by Az. (TA.) b3: [In like manner] one says also, ↓ رَمَاهُ بِالمُسْكِتَاتِ [He smote him, or afflicted him, with the words, or acts, that silenced him]. (T in art. رم, from Aboo-Málik.) And بِهِ سُكَاتٌ [He has in him that which makes him silent]: said of one long silent in consequence of disease (A, TA) or of some evil in him. (TA.) And أَصَابَ سُكَاتًا He met with, or experienced, a disease that prevented him from speaking. (TA.) b4: هُوَعَلَى سُكَاتِ الأَمْرِ He is at the point of accomplishing the affair. (K.) And كُنْتُ عَلَى سُكَاتِ هٰذِهِ الحَاجَةِ I was at the point of attaining this want, or needful affair. (S.) b5: حَيَّةٌ سُكَاتٌ (tropical:) A serpent that bites before one has knowledge of it; (S, A, K, TA;) as also ↓ سَكُوتٌ. (TA.) سَكُوتٌ: see سِكِّيتٌ. b2: Applied to a she-camel, That does not utter the [grumbling] cry termed رُغَآء when the saddle is put upon her. (M, TA.) b3: See also سُكَاتٌ, last sentence.

سُكَيْتٌ: see سِكِّيتٌ. b2: السُّكَيْتُ and ↓ السُّكَّيْتُ, (S, Msb, K,) sometimes pronounced thus with teshdeed, (S,) the former being the more common, (Msb,) The tenth horse in a race; i. e. the last of them; (Msb;) the last horse among those that start together in a race, (S, K,) of the ten that are reckoned; (S;) also called الفِسْكِلُّ (S, Msb) and القَاشُورُ; those that come in after this one not being reckoned. (S.) The other nine are thus called, beginning with the first of these: المُجَلِّى, المُصَلِّى, المُسَلِّى, التَّالِى, المُرْتَاحُ, العَاطِفُ, الحَظِىُّ, المُؤَمَّلُ, and اللَّطِيمُ. (TA.) Sb says that سُكَيْتٌ is a contracted dim. of سُكَّيْتٌ; the uncontracted dim. of which is سُكَيْكِيتٌ. (TA.) b3: [Hence,] one says, فُلَانٌ سُكَيْتُ الحَلْبَةِ [lit. Such a one is the tenth horse of those that are started together for a wager], meaning (tropical:) such a one is scrupulously nice and exact, or neat, [and therefore deliberate,] in his handicraft. (A, TA.) سُكَاتَةٌ: see سُكَاتٌ.

سُكَّيْتٌ: see سِكِّيتٌ. b2: السُّكَّيْتُ: see السُّكَيْتُ.

سِكِّيتٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ سَاكُوتٌ (S, A, K) and ↓ سَكُوتٌ (A, TA) and ↓ سُكَيْتٌ and ↓ سُكَّيْتٌ and ↓ سِكْتِيتٌ and ↓ سَاكُوتَةٌ, (K,) [all intensive epithets, and the last doubly intensive,] A man constantly, or continually, silent: (S in explanation of the first and second:) or much, or often, silent, (Msb in explanation of the first, and K in explanation of all above-cited therefrom,) restraining himself from speech; (Msb;) and ↓ سَكْتٌ signifies the same: (K:) and ↓ this last, [which is originally an inf. n., and therefore used as an intensive epithet, like عَدْلٌ &c.,] (Az, K,) and ↓ سَاكُوتٌ and ↓ سَاكُوتَةٌ and ↓ سَكْتَةٌ, (TA,) [but the last, which is written in the TA without any syll. signs, is doubly intensive, as is also that next preceding it,] a man who speaks little, (Az, K, TA,) without inability to express his mind, or to express what he would say, (Az, TA,) and, when he speaks, does so well. (Az, K, TA.) سِكْتِيتٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

سَاكِتٌ [part. n. of 1; Silent, &c.: pl. سُكُوتٌ]. (TA.) سَاكُوتٌ: see سِكِّيتٌ; each in two places.

سَاكُوتَةٌ: see سِكِّيتٌ; each in two places.

اسْكَاتٌ The temperate days in the latter, or last, part of the صَيْف [app. here meaning summer]. (K.) b2: Remains of anything: (K:) as though pl. of سُكْتَةٌ, before mentioned. (TA.) b3: Also, (K,) or أَسْكَاتٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ, (IAar, Lh,) Sundry, or scattered, parties, or classes, of people: (IAar:) or i. q. أَوْبَاشٌ [i. e. a medley, or mixed multitude; or the lowest or basest or meanest sort, or refuse, or riffraff]: (Lh, K:) IAar does not assign to it a sing.: some say that its sing. is سكت [app. سَكْتٌ]; but this demands consideration. (TA.) إِسْكَاتَةٌ, of the measure إِفْعَالَةٌ from السُّكُوتُ; A silence [or pause] of short duration, requiring something to be said or read or recited after it: or an abstaining from elevating the voice in speech; not an absolute silence, in which one ceases, or abstains, from reading or reciting or speaking; for it occurs in a trad. in the words, مَا تَقُولُ فِى إِسْكَاتَتِكَ [What dost thou say in thy اسكاتة?]. (IAth, TA.) رَمَاهُ بِالمُسْكِتَاتِ: see سُكَاتٌ.

المُسَكَّتُ The last of the قِدَاح [or arrows used in the game called المَيْسِر]. (K.) This is omitted in some of the copies of the K. (MF.) الحِكْمَةُ المَسْكُوتُ عَنْهَا The secrets of the science of the Divine Essence. (TA in art. حكم, q. v.)

سمط

1 سمَطَهُ, and سَمُطَ, and سَمِطَ, (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. سَمْطٌ, (S, M, Msb,) namely, a kid, (S, M, Msb, K,) and a lamb, (M,) He removed its hair, (Msb,) or wool, (K,) or cleansed it of the hair, [or wool,] (S,) by means of hot water; (S, Msb, K;) in order to roast it; (S;) or it is generally done for this purpose: (TA:) or he plucked from it the [hair, or] wool, after putting it into hot water. (A.) b2: [And It scalded it: for] you say, of boiling water, يَسْمُطُ الشَّىْءَ [it scalds the thing]. (TA.) A2: سَمَطَهُ, (M, K,) inf. n. as above, (M,) also signifies He hung it; suspended it; namely, a thing; (M, K;) as also ↓ سمّطهُ, inf. n. تَسْمِيطٌ: (TA:) or the latter, he hung it, or suspended it, upon, (S, K,) or by means of, (so in some copies of the K and in the TA,) سُمُوط, (S, K,) meaning thongs, or straps. (TA.) and الذِّرْعَ ↓ سمّط, (M,) inf. n. تَسْمِيطٌ, (TA,) He hung the coat of mail upon the hinder part of his horse. (M.) 2 سَمَّطَ see 1, in two places. b2: سَمَّطْتُ الشَّىْءَ, inf. n. تَسْمِيتٌ, also signifies I kept, or clave, to the thing: hence a verse cited voce دَرِينٌ. (TA in art. درن.) 5 تسمّط It (a thing, TA) was, or became, hung, or suspended. (K.) سِمْطٌ A thread, or string, having upon it beads (S, Mgh) or pearls; (Mgh;) otherwise it is called سِلْكٌ: (S, Mgh:) a string of beads or the like; (M, K;) so called because it is hung, or suspended; (M;) a single string thereof; like يَكْ رَسَنْ [in Persian]; a necklace of two strings thereof being called ذَاتُ سِمْطَيْنِ: (IDrd:) or it signifies, (M,) or signifies also, (K,) a necklace longer than the مِخْنَقَة: (IDrd, M, K:) or [simply] a necklace: (Msb:) pl. سُمُوطٌ: (M, K:) which also signifies the things that are suspended (مَعَالِيقُ) from necklaces. (TA.) b2: A thong, or strap, that is suspended from the horse's saddle; (S, K;) sing. of سُمُوطٌ. (S.) b3: The redundant part of the turban, which is left hanging down upon the breast and the shoulder-blades: (K:) pl. as above. (TA.) b4: A coat of mail which the horseman hangs upon the hinder part of his horse. (M, K.) b5: (tropical:) A trail, or long and elevated tract, (حَبْل,) of sand, (K, TA,) regularly disposed, as though it were a necklace. (TA.) A2: See also سُمُطٌ, in two places.

نَعْلٌ سُمُطٌ, (M, K,) and ↓ سَمِيطٌ, (S, M, K,) and ↓ أَسْمَاطٌ, (M, K,) which last is pl. of سَمِيطٌ, (TA,) A sandal, or sole, that is of a single piece [of leather, not of two or more pieces sewed together, one upon another], (طَاقٌ وَاحِدٌ, S, TA,) in which is no patch: (S, M, K:) or the last, (S,) or all, (M,) not having a second piece sewed on to it; (Az, S, M;) as also ↓ سِمْطٌ. (So in the K, voce فَرْدٌ.) b2: [ثَوْبٌ سُمُطٌ (the latter word occurring twice in art. لجف in the TA, and there opposed to مُبَطَّنٌ, and said to be masc. and fem.,) i. q.]

↓ ثَوْبٌ سِمْطٌ A garment having no lining; [either] a طَيْلَسَان, or such as is of cotton: (ISh, K:) but one does not say كِسَآءٌ سِمْطٌ nor مِلْحَــفَةٌ سِمْطٌ, because such are not [ever] lined: (ISh:) or [accord. to some] سِمْطٌ signifies a garment that is lined below; expl. by saying, أَوِ السِّمْطُ مِنَ الثِّيَابِ مَا ظُهِّرَ مِنْ تَحْتُ, (K, TA, [in the CK, and in a MS. copy of the K, for ظُهِّرَ, we find ظَهَرَ,]) i. e. جُعِلَ لَهُ ظَهْرٌ: (TA:) [but I think that ظَهَرَ is undoubtedly the right reading; and that سِمْطٌ means any portion that appears of a garment worn beneath a shorter garment:] see سَنَدٌ, last sentence. b3: ↓ سَرَاوِيلُ أَسْمَاطٌ Trousers, or drawers, not stuffed: (M, K:) i. e., (K,) or, as Th says, (M,) of single cloth, طَاقٌ وَاحِدٌ. (M, K.) b4: نَاقَةٌ سُمُطٌ, (Kr, M, K,) and ↓ أَسْمَاطٌ, (K,) A she-camel without any brand, or mark made by a hot iron. (Kr, M, K.) A2: سُمُطٌ is also a pl. of سِمَاطٌ [q. v.]. (K.) سِمَاطٌ A rank of people: (M, K:) or a side, or lateral part or portion: (Msb:) each of the two sides, or lateral portions, of men, and of palmtrees. (S, Msb.) You say, قَامَ بَيْنَ السِّمَاطَيْنِ He stood between the two ranks. (TA.) and قَامَ القَوْمَ حَوْلَهُ سِمَاطَيْنِ The people stood around him in two ranks. (TA.) And هُمْ عَلَى سِمَاطٍ

وَاحِدٍ They are according to one order. (K.) And مَشَى بَيْنَ السِّمَاطَيْنِ He walked between the two sides. (S, Msb.) And خُذُوا سِمَاطَىِ الطَّرِىِّ Take ye the two sides of the fresh, or moist. (TA.) And اِجْعَلِ الأَمْرَ سِمَاطًا وَاحِدًا Make thou the affair, or case, [uniform, or] one uniform thing. (Fr, TA in art. بأج.) b2: The part of a valley which is between the upper extremity and the lower: (M, K:) pl. سُمُطٌ. (K) b3: سِمَاطُ الطَّعَامِ The thing upon which food is spread: (K:) pronounced by the vulgar سُمَاط: [and applied by them to such as is long, prepared for a large company of people:] pl. أَسْمِطَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.] and سِمَاطَاتٌ. (TA.) سَمِيطٌ and ↓ مَسْمُوطٌ, applied to a kid, (S, M, Msb, K,) and to a lamb, (M,) Of which the hair, (Msb,) or wool, (K,) has been removed, (Msb, K,) or cleansed of its hair [or wool], (S,) by means of hot water; (S, Msb, K;) in order to its being roasted: (S:) or of which the [hair or] wool has been plucked off from it, after its having been put into hot water: (M:) or the former, plucked of its [hair or] wool, and then roasted with its skin: (Lth:) and a roasted sheep or goat: the former word of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ. (TA.) A2: See also سَمِيطٌ, and its pl. أَسْمَاطٌ, voce سُمُطٌ; the pl. in three places.

سَامِطٌ Boiling water, that scalds (يَسْمُطُ) a thing. (TA.) A2: Hanging a thing by a rope behind him; from السُّمُوطُ [pl. of السِّمْطُ]. (TA.) مَسْمُوطٌ: see سَمِيطٌ.

سلف

1 سَلَفَ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb,) or, accord. to some, سَلِفَ, and accord. to IKtt, سَلَفٌ and سَلِفَ, (MF,) inf. n. سَفٌ, (S, K,) or سُلُوفٌ, (Msb,) [both app. correct,] It (a thing, K) [and also he (a man)] passed; passed away; (S, Msb, K;) came to an end, or to nought; or became cut off: (Msb:) and, (K,) inf. n. سَلْفٌ, (M, MF, and so in copies of the K,) or سَفٌ, (so in the CK,) and سُلُوفٌ, (M, K,) he (a man, K) [and also it (a thing)] went before, or preceded; (M, K;) and so ↓ سالف, said of a camel. (K.) In a verse cited voce سَلْفَ رَدَادٌ is used by poetic license for سَلَفَ: but this kind of contraction is allowed by the Basrees only in verbs of which the medial radical letter is with kesr or damm, as in عَلْمَ for عَلِمَ, and كَرْمَ for كَرُمَ. (M. [See سَرُعَ.]) b2: You say also, سَلَفَ لَهُ عَمَلٌ صَالِحٌ, meaning A good, or righteous, deed of his preceded [so as to prepare for him a future reward]. (TA.) b3: And سَلَفَتِ النَّاقَةُ, inf. n. سُلُوفٌ, The she-camel was, or became, among the foremost of the camels in arriving at the water. (TA.) b4: [Golius and Freytag mention also سَلَفَ as a trans. verb; the former explaining it as signifying “ Præteriit, præcessit, rem; ” and the latter adding “ tempore,” and assigning to it the inf. ns. سَلْفٌ and سُلُوفٌ; as on the authority of the K; in which I find no indication of such a usage of this verb.]

A2: سَلَفَ الأَرْضَ, (S, M, K;) aor. ـُ inf. n. سَلْفٌ; (S, M;) and ↓ اسلفها; (M, K;) He turned over the land for sowing: (M, K:) or (so in the K, but in the M “ and ”) he made it even with the مِسْلَفَة [q. v.]. (S, M, K.) b2: سَلَفَ المَزَادَةَ, inf. n. سَلْفٌ, [in some copies of the K سَلَف,] He oiled, or greased, the مزادة [or leathern water-bag]. (K.) 2 تَسْلِيفٌ signifies The making [a thing] to go before, or precede. (S, K.) b2: And I. q. إِسْلَافٌ. (K.) See 4, in six places. b3: And The giving to another the portion of food termed سُلفَة [q. v.]. (S.) You say, سلّف الرَّجُلَ, (S,) or القَوْمَ, (M,) inf. n. as above, (S,) He gave to the man, (S,) or to the people or party, (M,) the portion of food so called; (S, M;) as also [سلّف لَهُ, or]

سلّف لَهُمْ. (M.) b4: And The eating of the [portion of food termed] سُلْفَة. (K.) [See also 5.]3 سالف: see 1, first sentence.

A2: سالفهُ فِى

الأَرْضِ, (Ibn-'Abbád, K,) inf. n. مُسَالَفَةٌ, (Ibn-'Abbád, TA,) i. q. سَايَرَهُ [i. e. He went, or kept pace, or ran, with him, or he vied, contended, or competed, with him in going or running, in the land; as though striving to be before him]. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) b2: And سالفهُ He equalled him in an affair. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) 4 اسلفهُ He did it previously, or beforehand. (O and TA in art. زلف.) b2: [Hence,] اسلف فِى, كَذَا, (S, Mgh, Msb, TA,) inf. n. إِسْلَافٌ; (TA;) and فِيهِ ↓ سلّف, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) inf. n. تَسْلِيفٌ; (Msb, TA;) He paid in advance, or beforehand, for such a thing, (S, Mgh, TA,) i. e. a commodity described to him, (S,) or wheat or the like, for which the seller became responsible, [with something additional to the equivalent of the current price at the time of the payment, (see سَلَفٌ,)] (TA,) to be delivered at a certain period: (S:) and أَسْلَمَ signifies the same. (TA.) You say, أَسْلَفْتُ إِلَيْهِ فِى كَذَا and إِلَيْهِ ↓ سَلَّفْتُ [I paid in advance to him for such a thing, &c.]. (Msb.) Hence the saying in a trad., فَيُسَلِّفْ ↓ مَنْ سَلَّفَ فِى كَيْلٍ مَعْلُومٍ وَوَزْنٍ مَعْلُومٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ i. e. He who pays in advance for a commodity for which the seller is responsible, let him pay in advance for a certain measure, and a certain weight, to be delivered at a certain period. (TA.) b3: And اسلفهُ مَالًا, (S, M, Mgh, TA,) and ↓ سلّفهُ, (M, Mgh, TA,) He lent him property [to be repaid, or returned, without any profit]. (M, Mgh, TA. [See, again, سَلَفٌ.]) [Whence one says, اسلفهُ إِحْسَانًا and سلّفهُ, and ↓ سلّفهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He did to him, to be requited it, a good action and an evil action; as is shown by the words مَا أَسْلَفْتَ مِنْ إِسَآءَةٍ أَوْ إِحْسَانٍ وَمَا تُعْطِيهِ لِتُقْضَاهُ in art. قرض in the K, and by the corresponding words مَا سَلَّفْتَ مِنْ إِحْسَانٍ وَمِنْ إِسَآءَةٍ in the same art. in the S: see also Bd in xxxvi. 11: and see زَلَّفَهُ. And hence,] a poet says, تُسَلِّفُ ↓ الجَارَ شِرْبًا وَهْىَ حَائِمَةٌ وَالمَآءُ لَزْنٌ بَكِىْءُ العَيْنِ مُقْتَسَمُ (assumed tropical:) [They (referring to camels) yield promptly to the neighbour a draught of milk, while they are thirsty, and going round about the water, when the water is crowded upon, scanty in the source, divided by lot]. (TA. [See also some verses of El-Akra' Ibn-Mo'ádh, in which the former hemistich occurs with a different latter hemistich, in the Ham p. 753.]) A2: See also 1, last sentence but one.5 تسلّف He received payment in advance: and ↓ استسلف [perhaps a mistranscription for ↓ استلف] signifies [the same; or] he took, or received, what is termed سَلَف. (Msb.) b2: [and hence,] تسلّف مِنْهُ He received from him a loan; syn. اِقْتَرَضَ; as also ↓ استلف. (A in art. قرض.) And تسلّف مِنْهُ كَذَا He received as a loan from him such a thing. (TA.) b3: See also 10. b4: And تسلّف He ate the [portion of food termed] سُلْفَة. (MA.) [See also 2.]6 تسالفا They two took as their wives two sisters. (M, K.) 8 إِسْتَلَفَ see 5, in two places.10 اِسْتَسْلَفْتُ مِنْهُ دَرَاهِمَ I sought, or demanded, of him money as a loan; as also ↓ تَسَلَّفْتُ. (S, * TA.) Hence, استسلف مِنْ أَعْرَابِىٍّ بَكْرًا He sought, or demanded, as a loan, from an Arab of the desert, a [youthful he-camel such as is termed]

بَكْر. (TA.) b2: And استسلف ثَمَنَهُ He sought, or demanded, its price in advance; syn. اِسْتَقْرَضَهُ. (Har p. 530.) b3: See also 5.

A2: [And استسلف He took as his wife the wife of his deceased brother: so in a version of the Bible, in Deut. xxv. 5: mentioned by Golius.]

سَلْفٌ A [bag for travelling-provisions &c., such as is termed] جِرَاب, (M, K,) of any sort: (M:) or a large جِرَاب: (S, M, K:) [and the contr., i. e. a small one: (Freytag, from the Kitáb el-Addád:)] or a hide not well, or not thoroughly, tanned: (M, K, TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَسْلُفٌ and [of mult.] سُلُوفٌ. (M, K.) سُلْفٌ [perhaps a mistranscription for سُلَفٌ, q. v.,] A certain species of bird, not particularized. (TA.) b2: See also مِسْلَفٌ.

سِلْفٌ; and its fem., with ة; and their duals: see سَلِفٌ, in five places: A2: and see سَلَفٌ, last sentence.

سَلَفٌ Such as have gone before, or preceded; (M, Msb; *) [i. e. the preceding generations;] as also ↓ سَلِيفٌ and ↓ سُلْفَةٌ and ↓ سَلُوفٌ; all quasipl. ns.; (M;) of which the sing. is ↓ سَالِفٌ: (M, Msb: *) or such as have gone before, or preceded, of a man's ancestors (S, K) and of his relations, (K,) that are above him in age and in excellence; [but this addition is not always agreeable with usage;] one of whom is termed ↓ سَالِفٌ: (TA:) the pl. of سَلَفٌ is أَسْلَافٌ and سُلَّافٌ, (S, K,) [the former a pl. of pauc. and the latter of mult.,] or the latter is pl. of ↓ سَالِفٌ, and so is سَلَفٌ [said to be, though this is more properly termed, as it is in the M, a quasi-pl. n.]: (IB, Msb, TA:) and, accord. to Zj, سُلُفٌ is pl. of ↓ سَلِيفٌ, and سُلَفٌ is pl. of ↓ سُلْفَةٌ, which means a company (عُصْبَةٌ) that has passed away: (M:) or ↓ سَالِفٌ and ↓ سَلِيفٌ signify the same; going before; preceding; syn. مُتَقَدِّمٌ. (S.) [Accord. to Abu-lMahásin, السَّلَفُ is particularly applied to 'Áïsheh the wife of Mohammad, the three Khaleefehs Aboo-Bekr and 'Omar and 'Othmán, Talhah and Ez-Zubeyr, the Khaleefeh Mo'áwiyeh, and 'Amr Ibn-El-Ás. (De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., i. 156.)] And السَّلَفُ الصَّالِحُ is applied to the first chief persons of the Tábi'ees. (TA.) and السَّلَفُ المُقَدَّمُ is an appellation of the prophet Mohammad. (Ham p. 780.) [Hence, مَذَاهِبُ السَّلَفِ The tenets of the early Muslims.] b2: Also A people, or party, going before, or preceding, in journeying. (TA.) b3: And [simply] A company of men; as in the saying, جَآءَنِى سَلَفٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ [A company of men came to me]. (M.) b4: and Any good, or righteous, deed, that one has done beforehand [by way of preparing a future reward]: or any فَرَط [i. e. cause of reward, or recompense, in the world to come, such as a child dying in infancy], that [as it were] goes before one. (A 'Obeyd, O, K.) b5: And i. q. سَلَمٌ; (T, Hr, Mgh, O, K, TA;) i. e. Any money, or property, paid in advance, or beforehand, as the price of a commodity for which the seller has become responsible and which one has bought on description: (T, TA:) or payment for a commodity to be delivered at a certain [future] period with something additional to [the equivalent of] the current price at the time of such payment; this [transaction] being a cause of profit to him who makes such payment; and سَلَمٌ also has this meaning: (TA:) or a sort of sale in which the price is paid in advance, and the commodity is withheld, on the condition of description, to a certain [future] period: (S, O:) it is a subst. from الإِسْلَافُ. (Msb, * K, TA.) b6: and A loan (قَرْضٌ) in which is no profit (Hr, O, Mgh, K, TA) to the lender (Hr, O, K, TA) except recompense [in the world to come] and thanks, (TA,) and which it is incumbent on the recipient thereof to return as he received it: (Hr, O, K, TA:) thus the Arabs term it: (Hr, O, TA:) and in this sense also the word is a subst. from الإِسْلَافُ. (TA.) A2: Also A stallion-camel. (IAar, M, TA.) A3: Also, (M,) or ↓ سُلْفَةٌ, (O, TA,) The prepuce of a boy; (M, O, TA;) so says Lth; (O, TA;) and ↓ سَلِفٌ and ↓ سِلْفٌ signify the same; for this is meant by الجِلْدُ as an explanation of السَّلِفُ and السِّلْفُ in the K, in some copies of which الخُلْدُ is erroneously put for الجِلْدُ. (TA.) سَلِفٌ and ↓ سِلْفٌ The husband of the sister of the wife of a man: (S, K:) and [the duals]

سَلِفَانِ (M, TA) and ↓ سِلْفَانِ (M, K) signify the two husbands of two sisters: (M, K:) accord. to IAar, the epithet سَلِفَةٌ [or ↓ سِلْفَةٌ] is not applied to a woman; (M;) one only uses the term سَلِفَانِ applied to two men: (M:) or, (M, K,) accord. to Kr, سَلِفَتَانِ, (M,) or ↓ سِلْفَتَانِ, (K,) is applied to the two wives of two brothers: (M, K:) [in the present day, ↓ سِلْفَةٌ is used as meaning a woman's husband's sister, and her brother's wife:] the pl. applied to men is أَسْلَافٌ, (M, K, TA,) and that applied to women is سَلَفٌ. (TA.) A2: See also سَلَائِفُ, last sentence.

سَلَفٌ The young one of the حَجَل [or partridge]: (S, M, K:) or, accord. to Kr, of the قَطَاة [n. un. of قَطًا, q. v.]: (M:) AA says that he had not heard سُلَفَةٌ, applied to the female; but if one said سُلَفَةٌ, like as one says سُلَكَةٌ as meaning a single female of what are termed سِلْكَانِ, it would be approvable: (S:) the pl. is سِلْفَانِ (S, M, K) and سُلْفَانٌ: (M, K:) some say that سِلْفَانٌ signifies a species of bird, not particularized. (M.) [See also سُلَحٌ and سُلَكٌ.]

سُلْفَةٌ: see سَلَفٌ, first sentence, in two places. [Hence,] one says, جَاؤُوا سُلْفَةً سُلْفَةً, meaning They came [one before another; or, which is virtually the same,] one after, or near after, or at the heels of, another. (Az, K.) b2: Also A portion of food (S, M, TA) which a man takes betimes, (S,) or with which one contents, or satisfies, himself [so as to allay the craving of his stomach], (M,) before the [morning-meal called]

غَدَآء; (S, M, TA;) i. q. لُمْجَةٌ (K, TA) and لُهْنَةٌ: (TA:) or a لُهْنَة that is supplied betimes for a guest, before the غَدَآء. (TA.) b3: And السُّلْفَة also signifies That which a woman reposits, or prepares, or provides, [app. of food,] to present to her visiter. (M.) A2: Also A piece, or portion, of land of seed-produce made even [with the مِسْلَفَة, q. v.]: pl. سُلَفٌ. (Az, O, K.) A3: and Thin skin (M, O, K) which is put as a lining to boots, (O, K,) sometimes red, and [sometimes] yellow. (O.) b2: See also سَلَفٌ, last sentence.

سِلْفَةٌ; and its dual: see سَلِفٌ, in three places.

أَرْضٌ سَلِفَةٌ Land in which are few trees. (AA, K.) A2: [See also سَلَفٌ.]

سُلَافٌ (T, S, M, Mgh) and ↓ سُلَافَةٌ (T, M, Mgh) The portion that flows before its being expressed, (S, Mgh,) of the juice of the grape; (S;) and this is the most excellent of wine: (Mgh:) or the first that is expressed, of wine: or the portion that flows without its being expressed: or the first that descends, thereof: (M:) or the clearest, or purest, and most excellent, of wine, such as flow from the grapes without their being pressed, and without steeping, or maceration; (T, TA;) and in like manner, such as flows from dates, (T, TA,) and from raisins, before water has been added to it (T, M, * TA) after the exuding of the first thereof; (T, TA:) or the latter signifies the first that is expressed, of anything: (M:) or it has this meaning also: and the former is a name for wine [absolutely]: (S:) or each has this meaning: (K:) or each signifies the clear, or pure, of wine, and of anything. (M.) b2: سُلَافُ العَسْكَرِ: see سَالِفٌ.

سَلُوفٌ: see سَلَفٌ, first sentence. b2: Also, applied to a she-camel, (S, M, K,) That is among the foremost of the camels when they come to the water: (S, K:) or that precedes the [other] camels to the watering-trough or tank: (M:) or that precedes, or leads, the other camels; opposed to عَنُودٌ. (El-Keysee, TA in art. عند.) b3: And A swift, or fleet, horse: (M, K:) pl. سُلْفٌ. (K.) b4: And An arrow having a long head: (M:) or a long arrow-head. (K.) سَلِيفٌ: see سَلَفٌ, first sentence, in three places.

A2: Also A road, or way. (TA.) سُلَافَةٌ: see سُلَافٌ.

سَالِفٌ Passing; passing away; coming to an end, or to nought; becoming cut off: (Msb:) and going before; preceding: (S:) pl. سُلَّافٌ and [quasi-pl. n.] سَلَفٌ: (IB, Msb, TA:) see سَلَفٌ, first sentence, in four places. [Hence,] الأُمَمُ السَّالِفَةُ The peoples going before, or preceding, [or that have gone, or passed away, before,] those remaining, or continuing: (K, * TA:) pl. سَوَالِفُ. (TA.) One says, كَانَ ذٰلِكَ فِى الأُمَمِ السَّالِفَةِ وَالقُرُونِ السَّوَالِفِ [That was in the time of the preceding peoples, and the preceding generations]: the pl. in this instance being used because every portion of the قرون is termed سَالِفَةٌ. (TA.) [Hence also,] العَسْكَرِ سُلَّافٌ, in the K, by implication, العسكر ↓ سُلَافُ, the former word like غُرَاب, whereas it is correctly like رُمَّان, The van of the army, as expl. in the K. (TA.) سَالِفَةٌ [fem. of سَالِفٌ, q. v. b2: And hence, as a subst.,] The side of the fore part of the neck, from the place of suspension of the ear-ring to the hollow (قَلْت [in the CK erroneously قَلْب]) of the collar-bone: (S, K:) or the upper, or uppermost, part of the neck: (M:) or the side of the neck, (M, Mgh, TA,) from the place of suspension of the ear-ring to the حَاقِنَة [here meaning the pit of the collar-bone]: pl. سَوَالِفُ. (M.) In the saying إِنَّهَا لَوَضَّاحَةُ السَّوَالِفِ [Verily she is fair in respect of the سَالِفَة], mentioned by Lh, the term سالفة is made applicable to every part thereof, and then the pl. is used accordingly. (M.) It is said in a trad. respecting [the covenant at] El-Hodeybiyeh, لَأُقَاتِلَنَّهُمْ حَتَّى تَنْفَرِدَ سَالِفَتِى

i. e. [I will assuredly fight with them, or combat them,] until the side of my neck shall become separate from what is next to it: an allusion to death. (TA.) b3: And [hence, i. e.] by the application of the name of the place to that which occupies the place, (assumed tropical:) The locks of hair that are made to hang down upon the cheek [or rather upon the side of the fore part of the neck]: said by MF to be metonymical, or tropical. (TA.) b4: Also The fore part of the neck of a horse (K, TA) &c.: so in the O and L. (TA.) بَيْنَهُمَا أُسْلُوفَةٌ Between them two is صِهْرٌ [i. e. affinity, app. by their having married to sisters: see سَلِفٌ]. (O, K.) مُسْلِفٌ, (S, M, O, L,) thus in some copies of the K, as in the S &c., but in other copies of the K, erroneously, ↓ سُلْفٌ, (TA,) A woman that has attained the age of five and forty years, (S, M, O, K,) and the like: (S, M, O:) or i. q. نَصَفٌ [i. e. middle-aged, or forty-five years old, or fifty years old]: (M:) an epithet specially applied to a female. (S, O.) A poet says, وَكَاعِبٌ وَمُسْلِفُ فِيهِ ثَلَاثٌ كَالدُّمَى

[Among them three females like the images of ivory, or of marble, &c., and one with swelling breasts, and one of middle age, &c.]. (S, M: in the O with إِلَى in the place of فِيهَا.) مِسْلَفَةٌ An instrument with which land is made even, (S, M, O, K, TA,) of stone: A 'Obeyd says, I think it is a stone made round [or cylindrical, i. e. a stone roller,] which is rolled upon the land to make it even. (TA.) [In the present day, applied to A harrow.]

أَرْضٌ الجَنَّةِ مَسْلُوفَةٌ, occurring in a trad., The ground of Paradise is made even: (As, T, S, O, TA:) said by As to be of the dial. of El-Yemen and Et-Táïf: accord. to IAth, smooth and soft. (TA.)