خضم

1 خَضِمَ, aor. ـَ (S, K;) and خَضَمَ, aor. ـِ (JK, K;) inf. n. خَضْمٌ; (JK, S, K;) He (a man) ate a thing with the whole of the mouth: (As, S:) or he ate, (K,) in a general sense: (TA:) or he ate with the more remote of the teeth: (K:) قَضْمٌ signifies the “ eating with the nearer of the teeth; ” (TA;) [i. e., “with the teeth of the fore part of the mouth: ” or the “ eating with the extremities of the teeth: ” see art. قضم:] or [he ate so that] he filled his mouth with that which he ate: or it relates peculiarly to the thing that is moist, or juicy, as the cucumber, (K,) and the like: (TA:) or he ate in the enjoyment of a plentiful and pleasant life: (JK, TA:) or خَضْمٌ referring to a man is like قَضْمٌ referring to a beast. (TA.) b2: And خَضَمَهُ, aor. ـِ (JK, K,) inf. n. as above; (TA;) and ↓ اختضمهُ; (JK, K;) He cut it; or cut it off: (K:) or he cut it in pieces. (JK.) b3: خَضَمَ لَهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ, (K,) accord. to IAar, (TA,) signifies He gave him of his property; (K;) [as though he cut off for him a portion thereof;] but Th rejects this, and says that it is هَضَمَ. (TA.) 8 إِخْتَضَمَ see 1. b2: [Hence,] السَّيْفُ يَخْتَضِمُ جَفْنَهُ The sword cuts, and eats, its scabbard, (K,) by reason of its sharpness; mentioned by J as a meaning of يَخْتَضِمُ: [see 8 in art. خصم:] and يَخْتَصِمُ العَظْمَ cuts the bone: and الذِّرَاعَ [the fore arm]. (TA.) b3: And اختضم الطَّرِيقَ He stopped the way, robbing and slaying passengers. (K.) خُضْمٌ: see خُصْمٌ.

خَضْمَةٌ i. q. خَصْمَةٌ, (K,) i. e. A certain bead, or gem, mentioned before. (TA.) خُضَامٌ: see what next follows.

خُضَامَةٌ A thing that is eaten in the manner termed خَضْمٌ; [see 1;] (K;) as also ↓ خُضَامٌ [expressly said to be like غُرَابٌ, otherwise it would seem to be خَضَامٌ, like قَضَامٌ, to which it is opposed,] (TA,) [and ↓ مَخْضَمٌ, as is indicated in the K in art. قضم, opposed to مَقْضَمٌ in that art. (q. v.) in the S and K.]

مَخْضَمٌ: see what next precedes.

خطم

1 خَطَمَهُ, aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. خَطْمٌ, (TA,) He struck his خَطْم, i. e. his nose. (K, * TA.) and He struck the very middle of his nose with a sword. (TA.) And خُطِمَ أَنْفُهُ His nose was broken. (Ham p. 528.) b2: (assumed tropical:) He branded him [i. e. a camel] on his nose with the mark called خَطْمٌ [or خِطَامٌ]. (TA.) [Hence,] خَطَمَ أَنْفَهُ (tropical:) [He branded him with disgrace;] he made disgrace to cleave to him manifestly. (TA.) and خَطَمَهُ بِاللَّوْمِ (tropical:) [He branded him with blame]; and عَذَرَهُ [i. e. باللوم signifies the same]. (TA.) b3: He attached the زِمَام [or خِطَام, q. v.,] to him; namely, a camel: (S:) or خَطَمَهُ بِالخِطَامِ, (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) he put the خِطَام upon his nose; as also بِهِ ↓ خطّمهُ: (K:) [but the latter verb seems to be more properly used in relation to a number of camels:] or the former, (K,) or simply خَطَمَهُ, and ↓ خطّمهُ, (TA,) he made a cut, or notch, in his nose, (حَزَّأَنْفَهُ, so in the K accord. to the TA,) not deep, (TA,) or he drew his nose [down], (جَرَّ أَنْفَهُ, so in my MS. copy of the K and in the CK,) in order to put upon it the خِطَام. (K, TA.) b4: [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) He withheld him, or prevented him, from going forth [&c.]. (TA.) And خَطَمَهُ بِالكَلَامِ (tropical:) He overcame him, or subdued him, by speech, and prevented him from speaking, (K, TA,) and from answering, or replying. (TA.) b5: خَطَمَ الكَلِمَةَ, inf. n. as above, (tropical:) He made the word, or saying, valid and strong; alluding to prudence and precaution as to what one utters. (TA.) b6: خَطَمَ أُمُورًا (tropical:) He conducted, or managed, affairs. (TA.) b7: خَطَمَ القَوْسَ بِالوَتَرِ, inf. n. خَطْمٌ and خِطَامٌ, (tropical:) He suspended the bow by the suspensory called وَتَرٌ and خِطَامٌ. (AHn, K, TA.) And خَطَمَ القَوْسَ بِخِطَامِهَا (assumed tropical:) He strung the bow with its string. (TA.) b8: خَطَمَ الأَدِيمَ, (K,) inf. n. خَطْمٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He sewed the edges of the skin, or hide. (Kr, K, TA.) b9: خُطِمَ بِلِحْيَتِهِ, and خَطَمَتْهُ لِحْيَتُهُ, (tropical:) His beard grew upon his two cheeks. (TA.) b10: خَطَمَ أَنْفَ الرَّمْلِ (tropical:) He passed over, or crossed, the extremity, or prominent portion, of the tract of sand: (As, TA:) or he faced it, crossing it. (TA.) 2 خَطَّمَ see 1, in two places. b2: تَخْطِيمٌ, [as inf. n. of خُطِّمَ or خَطَّمَ, (see the part. ns. below,)] said of unripe dates, signifies (assumed tropical:) The putting forth colours. (KL.) 8 اختطم الثَّوْبَ He bound the garment over the مَخْطِم, i. e. the nose; or over the خَطْم, i. e. the fore part of the nose: and اختطم بِلِثَامٍ [he so bound a لثام, q. v.]. (Har p. 433.) خَطْمٌ The muzzle, i. e. the fore part of the nose and mouth, of a دابَّة [i. e. beast], (JK, S, Msb, K, TA,) whatever it be, (S, Msb,) as a dog, and a camel, but originally of a beast of prey, and of a sheep or goat: (TA:) or, of a beast of prey, i. q. خُرْطُومٌ: (IAar, TA:) or, as some say, of a beast of prey, [the lip, i. e.] what corresponds to the جَحْفَلَة of the horse: (TA:) or of a camel, the nose. (Mgh.) And (tropical:) The bill, or beak, of a bird, (JK, S, K, TA,) whatever it be, (JK, S,) as a hawk, or falcon, (JK,) and a قَطَاة. (TA.) and of a man, (tropical:) The nose; (K;) as also ↓ مَخْطِمٌ (JK, S, Msb, K, TA) and ↓ مِخْطَمٌ; (K, TA;) pl. مَخَاطِمُ: (JK, S, Msb, K:) or the fore part of the nose: (Har p. 433:) and the ↓ مخطم is also of a camel. (IAth, TA.) Also, of a man, (tropical:) The fore part of the face. (TA.) b2: خَطْمُ اللَّيْلِ (tropical:) The first approach of night: like as one says أَنْفُ اللَّيْلِ. (TA.) b3: See also خِطَامٌ.

A2: A thing, an affair, or a business, of magnitude. (IAar, Th, K.) It is related in a trad. that Mohammad promised a certain man to go forth to him, and delayed to do so; and when he went forth, he said to him, شَغَلَنِى خَطْمٌ, meaning A thing, &c., of magnitude [occupied me so as to divert me]; as though the م were a substitute for ب: (IAar, Th, TA:) but IAth says that it may mean (assumed tropical:) a thing, &c., that withheld me, or prevented me, [see 1,] from going forth. (TA.) خُطْمَةٌ (tropical:) A prominent portion of a mountain. (S, TA.) خِطْمِىٌّ (JK, S, Msb, K) and خَطْمِىٌّ, (Msb, K,) or, accord. to Az, the latter only, the former being incorrect, (TA,) but the former is the more common, (Msb,) [Althæa; the althæa officinalis of Linn.; i. e. marsh-mallow;] a certain plant (JK, K) with which, (S, TA,) or with a preparation of which, (JK,) the head is washed; (JK, S, TA;) a well-known preparation for washing the head: (Msb:) it is a dissolvent, suppurative, lenitive; good for dysury, and the stone, and sciatica, and ulcer of the bowels, and tremour, and for the suppuration of wounds, and the allaying of pain; and, with vinegar, for the [species of leprosy termed] بَهَق; and for toothache, used as a gargle; and for the sting or bite of venomous reptiles and the like, and for burns; the mixing of its seed with water, or its bruised stem or root, causes it to congeal; and its mucilage, extracted by hot water, is beneficial to the sterile woman. (K.) خِطَامٌ [A kind of halter for a camel; a cord of which one end is fastened round the nose and jaws of a camel; accord. to J,] i. q. زِمَامٌ: (S:) [but the following explanations are more correct:] a certain thing well known; so called because [a portion of] it lies upon [or surrounds] the fore part of the nose and the nouth of the camel: (Msb:) or anything that is put upon the nose of the camel in order that he may be led thereby: (M, K:) or a cord, or rope, which is put upon the neck of the camel, and folded [for يُسَمَّى, in my copy of the work from which this is taken, I read يُثْنَى, as in another explanation, below,] upon, or over, his nose: (Mgh:) or a cord, or rope, which is attached to an iron that surrounds the nose and jaws [of the camel]: (JK:) or any cord, or rope, that is suspended upon the throat of the camel and then tied upon, or over, his nose, whether of skin or of wool or of fibres of the palm-tree or of hemp: (ISh, TA:) but if of plaited leather, it is said to be called جَرِيرٌ: (TA:) or the خطام of the camel is a cord, or rope, of fibres of the palm-tree, or of [goats'] hair, or of flax, at one end of which is put a ring, then the other end is tied to it, [i. e. to the rope, as the relative pronoun in the original shows, or to some part of it,] so that it becomes like a ring [or loop], then it is put upon the neck of the camel, and then it is folded upon, or over, his nose: what is put in the nose, [attached to a ring, or the like, therein,] and is slender, is termed زِمَامٌ: (IAth, TA:) pl. خُطُمٌ. (Msb, K.) مَنَعَ خِطَامَهُ, said of a camel, means He refused to have his خطام put upon him. (TA.) And تَزَوَّجَ عَلَى خِطَامٍ means (assumed tropical:) He married two wives, so that they became like a خِطَام to him. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A brand, or mark made with a hot iron, upon the nose of a camel; (K;) as also ↓ خَطْمٌ: it (the خطام) spreads upon the camel's two cheeks: so says Aboo-'Alee, in the “ Tedhkireh: ” (TA:) or such a mark upon the side (عُرْض, in the CK عَرْض,) of his face, extending to the cheek, (En-Nadr, K, TA,) in the form of a line: (En-Nadr, TA:) sometimes the camel is branded with one such mark, and sometimes with two; and one says جَمَلٌ خِطَامٍ ↓ مَخْطُومُ or خِطَامَيْنِ, making مخطوم to govern the gen. case as a prefixed noun; (En-Nadr, K, TA;) and بِهِ خِطَامٌ and خِطَامَان. (En-Nadr, TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) The rope of a bucket. (TA.) b4: (tropical:) The suspensory of a bow. (AHn, K, TA.) and (assumed tropical:) The string of a bow. (K, TA.) خَطِيمٌ Struck upon the nose. (K.) Having the nose broken. (Ham p. 528.) مِسْكٌ خَطَّامٌ (like شَدَّادٌ, TA, in the CK [erroneously] without teshdeed,) (tropical:) Musk that fills with its odour the innermost parts of the nose: (As, K:) or musk sharp, or pungent, in odour; as though striking the nose (كَأَنَّهُ يَخْطِمُ الأَنْفَ). (Z, TA.) فُلَانٌ خَاطِمُ أَمْرِ بَنِى فُلَانٍ (tropical:) Such a one is the leader, and the conductor, or manager, of the affairs, of the sons of such a one. (TA.) أَخْطَمُ A man (S) having a long nose. (S, K.) b2: And Black. (JK, K.) مَخْطَمٌ A woman. (K.) مَخْطِمٌ and مِخْطَمٌ: see خَطْمٌ, in three places.

مُخَطَّمٌ: see مَخْطُومٌ. b2: (assumed tropical:) A horse having a whiteness extending from the fore part of his nose and his mouth to the part beneath his lower jaw, (ISd, K, TA,) so as to resemble the خِطَام: in which sense it has no verb. (ISd, TA.) b3: Full-grown unripe dates (بُسْر) upon which are lines (S, K) and streaks [of colour]; (S;) as also ↓ مُخَطِّمٌ. (Kr, K.) [See 2: and see also بُسْرٌ.]

A2: The part of the nose of the camel which is the place of the خِطَام. (TA.) مُخَطِّمٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مَخْطُومٌ [pass. part. n. of 1]. You say نَاقَةٌ مَخْطُومَةٌ A she-camel having a خِطَام put upon her: and ↓ نُوقٌ مُخَطَّمَةٌ she-camels having خُطُم put upon them. (S, TA.) b2: See also خِطَامٌ.

خشن

1 خَشُنَ, aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. خُشُونَةٌ and خُشْنَةٌ (S, Msb, K, KL) and خَشَانَةٌ (CK, TA, but omitted in some copies of the K) and خَشْنٌ and مَخْشَنَةٌ, (K,) It was, or became, rough, harsh, or coarse; (K, * KL, PS;) contr. of لَانَ, (S, K,) or of نَعُمَ; (Msb;) as also ↓ تخشّن. (K.) b2: [Hence,] هُوَ ذُو خَشْنَةٍ and خُشُونَةٍ (K) and مَخْشَنَةٍ (TA) (tropical:) He is difficult, refractory, or stubborn; not to be coped with. (K, TA. [See also خَشِنٌ.]) And خَشُنَ عَلَيْهِ صَدْرِهِ and عليه صدره ↓ اخشوشن (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, angry with him. (Sh, TA.) See also 3.2 خَشَّنَ [خشّنهُ He made it rough, harsh, or coarse. b2: Hence,] خشّن صَدْرَهُ, inf. n. تَخْشِينٌ, (tropical:) He exasperated him; made him to be affected with wrath, or rage. (S, K, TA.) A poet says, وَخَشَّنَتْ صَدْرًا جَيْبُهُ لَكَ نَاصِحُ [explained in art. جيب]. (S.) 3 خاشنهُ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. مُخَاشَنَةٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He was rough, harsh, or coarse, to him; syn. عَلَيْهِ ↓ خَشُنَ; in speech, and in action; (M, TA;) [he acted towards him, or with him, roughly, harshly, or coarsely;] contr. of لَايَنَهُ. (S, K.) 5 تَخَشَّنَ see 1: b2: and see also 12.10 استخشنهُ He found it [or esteemed it] rough, harsh, or coarse. (K.) A2: Hence, in a trad. of 'Alee, making mention of pious men of learning, اسْتَلَانُوا مَا اسْتَخْشَنَ المُتْرَفُونَ (assumed tropical:) [and they esteemed, or esteem, soft, or smooth, what those leading a life of ease and plenty esteemed, or esteem, rough, harsh, or coarse]. (TA.) and استخشن المَقَامَ فِى مَحَلِّ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) [He esteemed unpleasant, or uncomfortable, the remaining in such a place of abode]. (TA in art. بشع.) 12 اخشوشن (JK, S, K) and ↓ تخشّن (K) It was, or became, very rough, harsh, or coarse: (S, K:) or (K.) he wore rough, harsh, or coarse, clothes: (JK, K:) or the former signifies also he accustomed himself to the wearing of such clothes: (S:) or each, he ate rough, harsh, or coarse, food: (TA:) or the former, (JK,) or each, (K,) (assumed tropical:) he said what was rough, harsh, or coarse: (JK, K, TA:) or (assumed tropical:) he lived a rough, or coarse, life. (K.) The former verb is more intensive in all its senses (K, TA) than خَشُنَ and تخشّن, because of the repetition of the medial radical and the addition of the و; and the same is the case of every verb of this class, as اعشوشب and the like, as is indicated in the S. (TA.) b2: See also 1.

خَشِنٌ Rough, harsh, or coarse; (S, * Msb, * K, KL, PS;) applied to a thing (S, Msb, K) of any kind; (K;) as also ↓ أَخْشَنُ: (S, Msb, K:) in relation to a stone, they seldom or never say otherwise than أَخْشَنُ: (Msb:) the fem. of the former is with ة; (Msb, K;) and the pl. is خُشُنٌ, (Msb,) [also said to be a pl. by poetic license of أَخْشَنُ, for خُشْنٌ, as will be seen below,] or خِشَانٌ, (K,) which is applied in the sense explained above to land [or lands]: (TA:) the fem. of ↓ أَخْشَنُ is خَشْنَآءُ; (K;) and the pl. is خُشْنٌ. (S.) You say أَرْضٌ خَشِنَةٌ Rough, or rugged, ground or land. (Msb.) And أَرْضٌ

↓ خشْنَآءُ Rugged ground or land, (JK, TA,) in which are stones and sand. (TA.) And مُلَآءَةٌ

↓ خَشْنَآءُ [A wrapper for the body] in which is roughness, harshness, or coarseness, either from newness or from make. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) A strong man. (Msb.) And هُوَ خَشِنُ الجَانِبِ and ↓ أَخْشَنُهُ (tropical:) He is difficult, refractory, or stubborn; not to be coped with. (K, TA. [See also 1.]) And عَاشَ عَيْشًا خَشِنًا (assumed tropical:) He lived a rough, or coarse, life. (K.) See also أَخْشَنُ.

خُشَيْنَآءُ [dim. of خَشْنَآءُ] A certain small herb, or leguminous plant, green, found in meadows, and plains; so called because of its roughness, or harshness, or coarseness. (TA.) See also خَشنَآءُ at the end of the next paragraph.

أَخْشَنُ, and its fem. خَشْنَآءُ: see خَشِنٌ, in five places. You say also كَتِيبَةٌ خَشْنَآءُ (tropical:) [An army, or a portion thereof, bristling with weapons: or] having many weapons: (JK, S, K, TA:) [and in like manner, ↓ جَيْشٌ خَشِنٌ, occurring in the TA in art. خمس:] and مَعْشَرٌ خُشْنٌ and خُشُنٌ; the latter allowable in poetry: (S: [it is there implied that this has a similar meaning:]) or the last signifies (assumed tropical:) [a company of men] who resist harm, or injury. (Ham p. 5.) And أُثْفِيَّةٌ خَشْنَآءُ (assumed tropical:) A great number [of people]. (S in art. ثَفى.) b2: Also, (K, TA,) or ↓ أُخَيْشِنُ, (JK,) (tropical:) A man whose state, or condition, is discommended. (JK, K, TA. [See also مُخَشَّنَةٌ.]) And the fem., (assumed tropical:) A she-camel lean, or emaciated. (JK, K.) and سَنَةٌ خَشْنَآءُ (assumed tropical:) A year of drought or distress. (JK.) b3: A rájiz says, مِنْ يَثْرِبِيَّاتٍ خُشْنِ meaning [Of the fabric of Yethrib,] new [unfeathered arrows]. (S, TA.) b4: خَشْنَآءُ also signifies A certain green herb, or leguminous plant, (A Hn, JK, K,) having short leaves, (JK,) that spreads upon the ground, (AHn,) rough to the feel, but soft in the mouth, viscous like purslane; (AHn, K;) its blossom is yellow, and it is eaten [by men], and is like wise a pasture: (AHn:) also called ↓ خُشَيْنَآءُ. (TA.) أُخَيْشِنُ dim. of أَخْشَنُ as syn. with خَشِنٌ. (TA.) أُخَيْشِنُ فِى ذَاتِ اللّٰهِ is a phrase occurring in a trad. [app. as meaning (assumed tropical:) Somewhat rough or coarse in clothing, or in mode of living, for the sake, or to obtain the approbation, of God]. (S, TA.) See also أَخْشَنُ.

مُخَشَّنَةٌ A she-camel whose طِرْق [or condition in respect of fatness] is discommended. (JK, K. [See also أَخْشَنُ.])

صبر

1 صَبَرَهُ, aor. ـِ (S, M, A, K,) inf. n. صَبْرٌ, (M, K,) He confined him; held him in custody; detained, retained, restrained, or withheld, him, or it; (S, M, A, K;) عَنْهُ from it. (M, A, K.) [Accord. to a copy of the A, ↓ صبّرهُ signifies the same; but this may be a mistranscription. Hence,] صَبَرْتُ نَفْسِى I restrained, or withheld, myself, or my soul; (S, Mgh;) عَلَى كَذَا [to endure such a thing]. (Mgh.) 'Antarah says, mentioning a battle in which he was engaged, فَصَبَرْتُ عَارِفَةً لِذٰلِكَ حُرَّةً

تَرْسُوا إِذَا نَفْسُ الجَبَانِ تَطَلَّعُ meaning حَبَسْتُ نَفْسًا صَابِرَةً [i. e. And I restrained thereat a soul patient and ingenuous, that is firm when the soul of the coward yearns: the last word (for تَتَطَلَّعُ) I have here rendered on the supposition that the poet describes the soul of the coward as one that is yearning for home]. (S.) [And hence,] صَبَرَ is also used intransitively: (Msb:) [or as a trans. verb of which the objective complement, namely, نَفْسَهُ, is understood:] you say, صَبَرَ, aor. and inf. n. as above, (S, M, Msb, K,) He was, or became patient, or enduring; contr. of جَزِعَ: (M, K:) or he restrained, or withheld, himself, or his soul, from impatience: (S, Msb:) or he restrained, or withheld, himself, or his soul, from impatience, and his tongue from complaint, and his members from broil: or, accord. to Dhu-n-Noon, he shunned acts of opposition, and was calm in suffering the pangs of afflictions, and made a show of competence in a state of protracted poverty in places where the means of subsistence were found: or, as some say, he endured trial, or affliction, with good manners: or he was contented in trial, or affliction, without show of complaint: or he constrained himself to attempt things that he disliked: or, accord. to 'Amr Ibn-'Othmán, he maintained constancy with God, and received his trials with an unstraitened mind: or, accord. to El-Khowwás, he steadily adhered to the statutes of the Kur-án and the Sunneh: or, as some say, he was content to perish for gaining the approval of him whom he loved: or, accord. to El-Hareeree, he made no difference between a state of ease, comfort, and affluence, and a state of affliction; preserving calmness of mind in both states: (B:) and you also say ↓ اِصْطَبَرَ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and ↓ اِصَّبَرَ, (S, M, K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, اصْبَرَّ,]) changing the ط into ص, but not اِطَّبَرَ, for ص is not to be incorporated into ط; (S;) and likewise ↓ تصبّر; (M, K;) both syn. with صَبَرَ; (M;) or ↓ تصبّر signifies he constrained himself to be patient; (S, TA;) [or he took patience: and ↓ اصطبر, he acquired patience; and he was tried with patience: see صَابِرٌ.] One says, صَبَرَ فُلَانٌ عِنْدَ المُصِيبَةِ Such a one was patient on the occasion of affliction. (S.) And صَبَرْتُ عَلَى مَا أَكْرَهُ [I was patient of, or I endured with patience, or bore with, what I dislike]. (A.) And صَبَرْتُ عَمَّا أُحِبُّ [I endured with patience the withholding of myself, or the being debarred, from what I love, or like; or I was patient of the loss, or want, of what I love, or like]: (A:) and عَنْهُ ↓ تَصَبَّرْتُ [I constrained myself to endure with patience the withholding myself, or the being debarred, from it, or him; or I constrained myself to be patient of the loss, or want, of it, or him]. (L, voce تَجَلَّدَ.) and ↓ أَفْضَلُ الصَّبْرِ التَّصَبُّرُ [The most excellent kind of patience is the constraint of oneself to be patient]: a saying of 'Omar. (IAar.) And بَدَنِى لَا يَصْبِرُ عَلَى البَرْدِ (tropical:) [My body will not be patient of cold, or will not endure patiently cold]. (A.) and صَبْرٌ signifies also The being bold or daring [in enduring, or attempting, a thing]. (TA.) b2: Also He made him, or it, firm, or fast; or bound, or tied, him, or it, firmly, or fast. (TA.) [Hence,] صَبَرَهُ عَلَى القَتْلِ, inf. n. as above, He confined him, namely, a man, and other than man, [with bonds or otherwise,] (K, TA,) alive, (TA,) and shot, or cast, at him until he died: (K, TA:) or he set him up for slaughter: (M:) and you say also, قَتَلَهُ صَبْرًا; (S, M, Msb, K;) and صَبَرَهُ; meaning he confined him (i. e. a man) to die, until he died; and in like manner you say ↓ اصبرهُ; (S;) which latter signifies also he slew him in retaliation. (T in art. بوأ.) And قُتِلَ صَبْرًا He (i. e. any living thing) was confined alive, and then shot at, or cast at, until he was put to death: (S:) or he (any living thing) was bound until he was put to death: (Msb:) or he (a man) was bound hand and foot, or held by another man, until he was beheaded: (Mgh:) or he was slain [deliberately,] not on the field of battle, nor in war or fight, nor by mistake: (A 'Obeyd:) and صُبِرَ he was confined, (A,) or held and confined, (B,) to be put to death. (A, B.) صَبْرُ الرُّوحِ [signifies The confining the living, and shooting, or casting, at him until he dies; as is shown in the TA: but it] occurs in a trad., in which it is forbidden, as meaning the act of gelding, or castrating. (A, TA.) b3: Also, (S, Msb,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (Msb,) He confined him to make him swear, until he swore, or took an oath; as also ↓ اصبرهُ: (S:) or he made him to swear a most energetic oath; (Msb;) as also صَبَرَ يَمِينَهُ, (A, Mgh,) which is a tropical phrase: (A:) and ↓ اصبرهُ, (TA in art. بلت,) or عَلَى يَمِينٍ ↓ اصبرهُ, (TA in the present art.,) he (the judge, or governor,) constrained him to swear, or take an oath. (TA.) And صُبِرَ He was confined, or held in custody, in order that he might be made to swear, or take an oath. (A.) And حَلَفَ صَبْرًا He swore, or took an oath, being confined, or held in custody, (S, M,) by the judge, or governor, (M,) in order that he might be made to do so. (S, M.) And صَبَرَ يَمِينًا He swore, or took an oath: (TA in art. بلت:) and he compelled one to take an oath. (Mgh.) b4: See also 2. b5: Also He clave to him; namely, a man; syn. لَزِمَهُ. (M, K.) A2: صَبَرَمِنْهُ: see 8.

A3: صَبَرْتُ, (S, [thus in my copies, without any complement,]) or صَبَرْتُ بِهِ, (M, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. صَبْرٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and صَبَارَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) I became responsible, or surety, for him, or it. (S, M, Msb, K.) b2: and اُصْبُرْنِى Give thou to me a surety. (S, K.) A4: صَبَرُوا طَعَامَهُمْ, (so in the CK, [agreeably with an explanation of the pass. part. n. مَصْبُورٌ, q. v.,]) or ↓ صَبَّرُوهُ, (so in the M, and in my MS. copy of the K, [both probably correct,]) They collected their wheat together without measuring or weighing it; made it a صُبْرَة [q. v.] (M, K.) 2 صبّرهُ, (M, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَصْبِيرٌ, (TA,) He urged him, or made him, to be patient, by a promise of reward: or he said to him, Be thou patient: and ↓ صَبَرَهُ he made him to be patient: (Msb:) or the former, he commanded him, or enjoined him, to be patient; as also ↓ اصبرهُ: (M, K:) and the first, he required of him that he should be patient: (Sgh, TA:) and ↓ اصبرهُ, he attributed to him (جَعَلَ لَهُ) patience; (M, K;) as also ↓ اصطبرهُ. (TA.) b2: See also 1, second sentence.

A2: صبّروا طَعَامَهُمْ: see 1, last sentence. b2: صبّر الشَّىْءَ, inf. n. as above, He heaped up the thing. (O.) A3: [صبّر also signifies He embalmed a dead body with صَبِر, meaning accord. to Freytag myrrh; but for this I know not any authority: he mentions the verb as occurring in this sense in “ Hamak. Waked. ” p. 94, last line.

A4: Also He ballasted a ship: used in this sense in the present day. See صَابُورَةٌ.]3 صابرهُ, (A, MA,) inf. n. مُصَابَرَةٌ (A, K) and صِبَارٌ, (K,) [He vied with him in patience, or endurance; as shown in what follows: or] he acted patiently with him: (MA:) صَابِرُوا in the Kur iii. last verse means Vie ye in patience, or endurance: (Ksh, Bd, Jel: *) or in this instance, in the saying اِصْبِرُوا وَصَابِرُوا وَرَابِطُوا, the three verbs are progressive in meaning; the first meaning less than the second; and the second, less than the third: or the meaning is, [be ye patient] with yourselves, and [vie ye in patience] with your hearts in enduring trial with respect to God, and [remain ye steadfast] with your minds in desire for God: or [be ye patient] with respect to God, and [vie ye in patience] with God, and [remain ye steadfast] with God. (B, TA.) [See also 3 in art. ربط.]4 اصبرهُ: see 1, latter half, in four places: b2: and see 2, in two places.

A2: [مَا أَصْبَرَهُ How patient, or enduring, is he!] b2: مَا أَصْبَرَهُمْ عَلَى النَّارِ [in the Kur ii. 170] means How bold are they [to encounter the fire of Hell]! (K:) or how bold are they to do the deeds of the people of the fire [of Hell] | (TA:) or how much do they occupy themselves in doing the deeds of the people of the fire [of Hell] ! (K:) this last explanation is in the Tekmileh. (TA.) A3: اصبرهُ also signifies He (the judge, A, TA, or the Sultán, El-Ahmar, TA) retaliated for him. (El-Ahmar, A, TA. [See 8.]) A4: اصبر [intrans.] It (a thing) was, or became, hard; syn. اِشْتَدَّ. (A. [See صَبَرٌ.]) b2: He fell into what is termed أُمُّ صَبُّورٍ, (K, TA,) i. e. a calamity: and he became in what is termed أُمُّ صَبَّارٍ, i. e. a حَرَّة. (TA.) b3: He sat upon the صَبِير, (K, TA,) i. e. the mountain. (TA.) b4: It (milk) was, or became, very sour, inclining to [the flavour of صَبِر, i. e.] bitterness. (K.) b5: He ate the صَبِيرَة, (IAar, K,) i. e. the thin, round cake of bread so called. (TA.) b6: And He stopped the head of a flask, or bottle, with a صِبَار, (K, TA,) i. e. a stopper. (TA.) 5 تَصَبَّرَ see 1, near the middle of the paragraph, in four places.6 تَصَابُرٌ [relating to a number of persons] signifies The being patient, or enduring, one with another. (KL.) [You say, تصابروا They were patient, or enduring, one with another.] b2: and تصابروا عَلَى فُلَانٍ They leagued together, and aided one another, against such a one. (Ibn-Buzurj, TA in art. ضفر.) 8 اِصْطَبَرَ, and its var. اِصَّبَرَ: see 1, former half in three places. b2: اصطبر مِنْهُ He retaliated by slaying him, or wounding him, or the like; (A, K;) and so مِنْهُ ↓ صَبَرَ. (TA.) A2: [And accord. to Reiske, It was collected: (mentioned by Freytag:) app. as quasi-pass. of 1 in the last of the senses assigned to it above.]

A3: اصطبرهُ: see 2.10 استصبر It (a vapour, TA) became dense. (K, TA. [See صَبِيرٌ.]) R. Q. 1 accord. to the S, صَنْبَرَ: see art. صنبر.

صَبْرٌ [inf. n. of 1, q. v. b2: Used as a simple subst.,] Patience, or endurance; contr. of جَزَعٌ: (M, K:) or restraint of oneself, or of one's soul, from impatience. (S. [Several other explanations of this word are shown by explanations of the verb.]) b3: شَهْرُ الصَّبْرِ The month of fasting: (K:) fasting being called صَبْر because it is self-restraint from food and beverage and sexual intercourse. (TA, from a trad.) b4: [قَتَلَهُ صَبْرًا, and قُتِلَ صَبْرًا: see 1.]

b5: يَمِينُ الصَّبْرِ The oath for which the judge, or governor, [in the CK الحُكْمُ is erroneously put for الحَكَمُ,] holds one in custody until he swears it: (M, K:) or the oath that is obligatory (K, TA) upon the swearer, (TA,) and which the swearer is compelled to take, (Mgh, K,) he being confined by the Sultán until he do so: (Mgh, * TA:) such an oath is also termed ↓ يَمِينٌ مَصْبُورَةٌ: (Mgh:) [i. e.] the term مَصْبُورَةٌ is applied to an oath, (S, K, TA,) meaning one on account of which a man is confined, in order to make him swear it; (TA; [and this seems to be indicated by the context in the S and K;]) but the man being مَصْبُور, and not the oath, the latter is thus termed tropically. (TA.) b6: [حَلَفَ صَبْرًا: see 1.]

A2: See also صَبِرٌ.

صُبْرٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ صِبْرٌ (M, Msb, K) The side of a thing: (S, M, K:) or a side rising above the rest of a thing: (Msb:) or its upper part, or top: (TA:) and the edge of a thing: (S, M, K:) and its thickness: formed by transposition from بُصْرٌ: (S:) pl. أًصْبَارٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and pl. pl. أَصْبَارَةٌ. (Msb.) أَصْبَارٌ signifies The sides of a vessel, (S,) and of a grave. (TA.) And you say, He filled the drinking-cup, (S, M, A, K,) and the measure, (A, TA,) إِلَى أَصْبَارِهِ, (S, M, A, K,) to its top, (S, M, K,) as also الى أَصْمَارِهِ; (S;) or to its uppermost parts; (TA;) or to its edges. (A.) And أَخَذَهُ بِأَصْبَارِهِ He took it altogether. (S, M, A, Msb, * K.) And لَقِىَ الشِّدَّةَ بِأَصْبَارِهَا (assumed tropical:) He met with complete distress, or adversity. (As, S.) And in a trad., the tree called سِدْرَةُ المُنْتَهَى is said to be صُبْرَ الجَنَّةِ in the highest part of Paradise. (A, TA.) b2: Also the former, (S, M, K,) and ↓ صُبُرٌ, (M, K,) Land in which are pebbles, (S, M, K,) not rugged. (S, M.) Hence, ↓ أُمُّ صَبَّارٍ, q. v. (S, M.) b3: See also صَبِيرٌ, in two places.

صِبْرٌ: see صُبْرٌ: b2: and صَبِيرٌ in two places: A2: and see also صَبِرٌ.

صَبَرٌ Ice; syn. حَمَدٌ: (A, Sgh, K:) and [its n. un.] with ة, a piece thereof: (A, Sgh:) from

أَصْبَرَ meaning اِشْتَدَّ. (A.) صَبِرٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ صَبْرٌ, which latter is allowable only in cases of necessity in poetry, (S, Msb, K,) or it is allowable in other cases, as also ↓ صِبْرٌ, agreeably with analogy, (Ibn-Es-Seed, Msb,) [Aloes;] a certain bitter medicine; (S, Mgh, Msb;) the expressed juice of a certain bitter tree; (M, K;) the expressed juice of a certain tree of which the leaves are like the sheaths of knives, long and thick, with a dusty and dull hue in their greenness, of rough appearance, from the midst of which there comes forth a stalk whereon is a yellow flower, ثمد [but what this means I know not] in odour; (Lth, TA;) it grows like the green سُوسَن [or lily], save that the leaves of the صبر are longer and broader and much thicker, and it contains very much juice; (AHn, M, O, TA;) it is crushed and thrown into the presses, then bruised with pieces of wood, and trodden with the feet until its expressed juice flows, when it is left until it thickens, then it is put into leathern bags, and exposed to the sun until it dries: (AHn, O:) the best sort is the سُقُطْرِىّ [i. e. of the Island of Sukutrà]: and it is also known by the name of ↓ صَبَّارَةٌ [a name now applied to the plant]: (TA:) the n. un. is صَبِرَةٌ [and صَبْرَةٌ and صِبْرَةٌ]: and the pl. is صُبُورٌ. (M, TA.) b2: [Accord. to Freytag, it signifies also Myrrh: but for this I know not any authority.]

صُبُرٌ: see صُبْرٌ.

صَبْرَةٌ: see صُبَارَةٌ: A2: and see صَبَارَّةٌ, in two places.

A3: Also Urine, and dung of camels and other beasts, compacted together in a wateringtrough. (K.) A4: أَبُو صَبْرَةَ, (so in a copy of the M,) or ↓ أَبُو صُبَيْرَةَ, (so in the K and TA,) A certain bird; (M, K;) red in the belly, black in the head and wings and tail, the rest of it being red; (M;) thus in the L; (TA;) or red in the belly, black in the back and head and tail; (K;) thus in the Tekmileh: (TA:) [but] AHát says, in “ the Book of Birds,” أَبُو صُبَيْرَةَ, which is [the same as] ↓ أَبُو صَبِرَةَ, is [a bird] red in the belly, black in the head and wings and tail, the rest of it being red, of the colour of صَبِر: and the pl. is صُبَيْرَاتٌ and صَبِرَاتٌ. (O.) صُبْرَةٌ A quantity collected together, of wheat (&c.], without being measured or weighed, (S, * M, Msb, * K,) heaped up: (TA:) pl. صُبَرٌ. (S, Msb.) You say, اِشْتَرَيْتُ الشَّىْءَ صُبْرَةً I bought the thing without its being measured or weighed. (S, Msb.) b2: And Reaped grain collected together; or wheat collected together in the place where it is trodden out: (M, TA:) or when trodden out and thrashed. (Msb in art. كدس.) b3: and Wheat sifted (M, K) with a thing resembling a سَرَنْد [or سِرِنْد, which is a Pers\. word, here app. meaning a kind of net]. (M.) b4: And Rough, or rugged, stones, collected together: pl. صِبَارٌ. (M, K.) [See also صُبَارَةٌ.]

أَبُو صَبِرَةَ: see صَبْرَةٌ.

صَبَارٌ: see صُبَارَةٌ, in two places.

صُبَارٌ (M, K) and ↓ صُبَّارٌ (K) The fruit of a kind of tree, intensely acid, having a broad, red stone, brought from India, said to be (M) the tamarind, (M, K,) used as a medicine. (M.) صِبَارٌ A stopper [of a bottle]; syn. سَدَادٌ. (K. [See 4, last sentence.]) A2: And The fruit of a certain acid tree. (K. [But in this sense it is probably a mistake for صُبَارٌ, q. v.]) صَبُورٌ: see صَابِرٌ, in four places.

صَبِيرٌ: see صَابِرٌ, in two places. b2: Also A surety. (S, M, Msb, K.) You say, هُوَ بِهِ صَبِيرٌ He is a surety for him, or it. (TA.) b3: and صَبِيرُ قَوْمٍ The chief, head, director, conductor, or manager, of the affairs of a people, or party: (M, K:) he who is patient for, and with, a people, or party, in [the managing of] their affairs: (A:) pl. صُبَرَآءُ. (M.) b4: [And accord. to Golius, A solitary man, having neither offspring nor brother: but app. a mistake for صُنْبُورٌ, which is thus expl. in the S in this art.]

A2: Also, (S, M, K,) and ↓ صُبَارَةٌ, (M,) A white cloud; (M, K;) and so ↓ صِبْرٌ and ↓ صُبْرٌ, of which the pl. is أَصْبَارٌ: (K:) or white clouds; (M, K;) as also أَصْبَانٌ, pl. of ↓ صِبْرٌ and ↓ صُبْرٌ: (Fr, Yaakoob, S:) or white clouds that scarcely ever, or never, give rain: (S:) or clouds, (M, K,) or white clouds, (As, S,) that become disposed one above another (As, S, M, K) in the manner of steps: (As, S, M:) or a dense cloud that is above another cloud: (M, K:) or a stationary portion of cloud: (K:) or a portion of cloud which one sees as though it were مَصْبُورَة, i. e. detained; but this explanation is of weak authority: or, accord. to AHn, clouds remaining stationary a day and a night; as though detained: (M:) or clouds in which are blackness and whiteness: or, as some say, clouds slow in motion, by reason of their heaviness and the abundance of their water: (Ham p. 786:) the pl. of صَبِيرٌ is the same as the sing., (M,) or it is صُبُرٌ. (S, M, K.) b2: And صَبِيرٌ, A mountain: (O, K:) or الصَّبِيرُ is the name of a particular mountain. (TA.) b3: [And accord. to Freytag, as from the K, in which I do not find this meaning, A hill consisting of stones.]

A3: Also صَبِيرٌ, (K,) i. e. (TA) the صَبِير of a خَوَان [or table, or thing upon which one eats], (M, A, TA,) A thin, round cake of bread, which is spread beneath the food that one eats: (M, A, K:) or (K, TA, but in the CK “ and ”) upon which the food to be eaten at a wedding-feast is ladled (K, TA) by the maker of the bread: (TA:) also called ↓ صَبِيرَةٌ. (K.) صَبَارَةٌ: see the next paragraph: A2: and see صَبَارَّةٌ.

صُبَارَةٌ (S, M, K) and ↓ صَبَارَةٌ and ↓ صِبَارَةٌ (K) Stones: (S, M, K:) or smooth stones: (TA:) or صُبَارَةٌ signifies, (M,) or صَبَارَةٌ signifies also, (K,) a piece of stone, or portion of stones: or of iron. (M, K.) A poet says, (S,) namely, El-Aashà, (M,) or 'Amr Ibn-Milkat Et-Tá-ee, addressing 'Amr Ibn-Hind, who had a brother slain, (IB,) مَنْ مُبْلِغٌ عَمْرًا بِأَنَّ المَرْءَ لَمْ يُخْلَقْ صُبَارَهْ (so in the S; but in the M and TA this verse is given differently, with شَيْبَانَ and أَنَّ in the places of عَمْرًا and بِأَنَّ; and it is said in the M that accord. to one relation the last word is صِيَارَهْ, [with ى,] which, it is added, is like صُبَارَه in meaning;) [i. e. Who will tell 'Amr, or Sheybán, that man was not created stones?] but IB says that the last word is correctly صِبَارَهْ, with kesr to the ص; and the poet means, man is not stone, that he should patiently endure the like of this: (TA:) [J says,] accord. to one relation, the last word is صَبَارَهْ, with fet-h, which is pl. of ↓ صَبَارٌ, the صَبَارٌ being affixed to denote its being a pl. pl., for صَبْرَةٌ is pl. of ↓ signifying strong, or hard, stones: [and he adds,] El-Aashà says, ↓ قُبَيْلَ الصُّبْحِ أَصْوَاتُ الصَّبَارِ (S:) but IB says that صَبَارٌ and صَبَارَةٌ are not pls. of صَبْرَةٌ; for فَعَالٌ is not a pl. form, but فِعَالٌ, with kesr, like حِجَارٌ and جِبَالٌ: (TA:) [and it is said that] the verse from which this is cited is not by El-Aashà, and is correctly and completely as follows: كَأَنَّ تَرَنُّمَ الهَاجَاتِ فِيهَا قُبَيْلَ الصُّبْحِ أَصْوَاتُ الصِّيَارِ by الصيار being meant the صَنْج, (TS, K, TA,) the stringed instrument thus called: (TS, TA:) accord. to the reading given in the S, the verse means, As though the croaking of the frogs in it, a little before daybreak, were the sounds of falling stones: and this is correct. (TA.) A2: See also صَبِيرٌ.

صِبَارَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

رَجُلٌ صَبُورَةٌ: see مَصْبُورٌ.

صَبِيرَةٌ: see صَبِيرٌ, last sentence.

أَبُو صُبَيْرَةَ: see صَبْرَةٌ.

صَبَارَّةٌ, [respecting the form of which see حَمَارَّةٌ,] (S, M, K,) and ↓ صَبَارَةٌ, without teshdeed, (Lh, M, K,) and ↓ صَبْرَةٌ, (K,) The intenseness of the cold (S, M, K) of winter: (S, M:) and [in an absolute sense] intenseness of cold: (TA:) and ↓ صَبْرَةٌ signifies also the middle of winter; (K;) and so ↓ صَوْبَرَةٌ. (TA.) صَبَّارٌ: see صَابِرٌ, in two places. b2: أُمُّ صَبَّارٍ (S, M, A, K) and ↓ أُمُّ صَبُّورٍ, (K,) or the former only is meant in the K as having the first of the significations here following, (TA,) A stony tract, of which the stones are black and worn and crumbling, as though burned with fire; syn. حَرَّةٌ; (T, S, M, A, &c.;) for which حَرّ is erroneously put in copies of the K: (TA:) from ↓ صُبْرٌ, q. v.; (S, M;) or from صُبَارَةٌ: or, accord. to some, such as is level, abounding with stones, and difficult to walk upon: (M:) or the former is [the tract called] حَرَّةُ لَيْلَى, and [that called] حَرَّةُ النَّارِ: (ElFezáree:) or it has the first of the above-mentioned significations, and signifies also a [mountain, or hill, such as is termed] هَضْبَة: (ISk:) or smooth rock upon which nothing makes an impression: but the latter, accord. to Aboo-'Amr Esh-Sheybánee, signifies a هَضْبَة without a pass. (ISh.) b3: Also أُمُّ صَبَّارٍ (M, K) and ↓ أًمُّ صَبُّورٍ (S, M, K) A calamity, or misfortune: and a severe war: (M, K:) or the latter, a distressing case. (S.) One says, وَقَعُوا فِى أُمِّ صَبَّارٍ (M) and ↓ أُمِّ صَبُّورٍ (S, M) They fell into a calamity, &c.: (M:) or the latter, they fell into a distressing case: (S:) or into a perplexing and distressing case, from which they could not escape, like the هَضْبَة, above mentioned, without a pass: (Aboo-'Amr EshSheybánee:) but in some of the copies of the “ Alfádh ” [of ISk], أُمِّ صَيُّورٍ, as though derived from صِيَارَةٌ, signifying “ stones. ” (TA.) صُبَّارٌ: see صُبَارٌ.

أُمُّ صَبُّورٍ: see صَبَّارٌ, in three places.

صَبَّارَةٌ Rugged ground, rising above the adjacent part or parts, and hard, (K, TA,) in which is no herbage, and which produces none: or i. q. أُمُّ صَبَّارِ. (TA.) A2: See also صَبِرٌ.

صَابِرٌ and ↓ صَبُورٌ, (M, K,) the latter of which is also applied to a female, without ة, (M,) and ↓ صَبِيرٌ (M, K) and ↓ صَبَّارٌ, (M,) are epithets from صَبَرَ “ he was patient, or enduring: ” (M, K:) the five following epithets are said to denote different degrees of patience: صَابِرٌ is the most general of them [in signification, meaning simply Patient, or enduring]: ↓ مُصْطَبِرٌ signifies acquiring patience; and tried with patience: ↓ مُتَصَبِّرٌ, constraining himself to be patient: ↓ صَبُورٌ, having great patience; [or very patient;] whose patience is greater than that of others; [as also ↓ صَبِيرٌ; or this signifies rendered patient, from صَبَرَهُ;] denoting quality, or manner: and ↓ صَبَّارٌ, having an intense degree of patience; [or having very great patience;] denoting measure, and quantity: the pl. of ↓ صَبُورٌ is صُبُرٌ. (TA.) As an epithet applied to God, (Aboo-Is-hák [i. e. Zj],) ↓ الصَّبُورُ signifies The Clement, or Forbearing, who does not hastily avenge Himself upon the disobedient, but forgives, or defers: (Aboo-Is-hák, K:) [it may be well rendered The Long-suffering:] it is an intensive epithet. (TA.) One says also, هُوَ صَابِرٌ عَلَى البَرْدِ (tropical:) [He is a patient endurer of cold]. (A.) صَنْبَرٌ; &c.: see art. صنبر.

صَوْبَرَةٌ: see صَبَارَّةٌ.

صَابُورَةٌ Ballast of a ship; the weight that is put in the bottom of a ship. (TA.) أَصْبَرُ [More, and most, patient or enduring].

أَصْبَرُ مِنْ حِمَارٍ [More patient than an ass] is a prov. (Meyd.) And one says, هُوَ أَصْبَرُ عَلَى

الضَّرْبِ مِنَ الأَرْضِ (tropical:) [He is more patient of beating than the ground]. (A.) [The fem.] صُبْرَى is applied to a she-camel by Honeyf El-Hanátim [as meaning Surpassingly patient or enduring]. (IAar, TA in art. بهى.) أَصْبِرَةٌ Sheep or goats, and camels, that return in the evening and morning to their owners, not remaining away from them: (M, K: *) [a pl. having no sing.: (K:) [ISd says,] I have not heard any sing. of it. (M.) مَصْبُورٌ [pass. part. n. of 1, q. v. Confined, &c. b2: ] Confined [with bonds or otherwise], (K,) or set up, (M,) to be put to death: (M, K:) and ↓ رَجُلٌ صَبُورَةٌ a man confined, (K,) or set up, (M,) to be put to death; (M, K;) i. q. مَصْبُورٌ لِلْقَتْلِ: (Th, M, K:) and مَصْبُورَةٌ, applied to a beast (بَهِيمَةٌ, A), confined [or bound] to be put to death [and in that state killed by arrows or the like]; i. q. مَحْبُوسَةٌ عَلَى المَوْتِ: such is forbidden to be eaten. (S, A.) b3: مَصْبُورَةٌ applied to an oath: see صَبْرٌ.

A2: Also Made into a صُبْرَة, like a صُبْرَة of wheat; so gathered or collected together. (TA.) مُصْطَبِرٌ: see صَابِرٌ. [مصطير is expl. by Reiske as signifying Collecta caro (ὄγκοσ τῆσ σαρκός): mentioned by Freytag: if so, it is app. مُصْطَبِرٌ: see its verb.]

مُتَصَبِّرٌ: see صَابِرٌ.

صحر

1 صَحَرَهُ, aor. ـَ (S, K,) inf. n. صَحْرٌ, (S, TA,) namely, milk, He made it to become what is termed صَحِيرَة: (S, TA:) or he cooked it, (K, TA,) and then gave it to a sick person to drink. (TA.) b2: صَحَرَتْهُ الشَّمْسُ The sun pained his brain: (K:) it is like صَهَرَتْهُ; (A;) or, as some say, melted him. (TA.) A2: صَحَرَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. صَحِيرٌ and صُحَارٌ, He (an ass) uttered a sound [or braying] more vehement than the neighing of horses. (TA.) A3: [Golius explains صَحَرَ as meaning It spread out wide, said of a place, on the authority of J: but the verb is اصحر, q. v.; and the authority is not J.]3 صَاْحَرَ [صِحَارٌ is an inf. n. of صَاحَرَ, a verb not mentioned: hence,] أَبْرَزَ لَهُ مَا فِى نَفْسِهِ مِنَ الأَمْرِ صِحَارَا (assumed tropical:) [He showed to him what was in his mind, of the thing, or affair, openly]: a saying like جَاهَرَهُ بِهِ جِهَارًا. (K, * TA. [See also 4.]) 4 اصحر, (S, A, Mgh, K,) or اصحر الصَّحْرَآءَ, (Msb, [but I think that this is a mistake for اصحر إِلَى الصَّحْرَآءِ,]) inf. n. إِصْحَارٌ, (Msb,) He went forth to the صحرآء [or desert, &c.], (S, A, Mgh,) or into the صحرآء: (Msb, K:) تصحّر [in this sense] has not been heard. (Mgh.) b2: Hence, in a trad., the saying of Umm-Selemeh to 'Áïsheh, سَكَّنَ اللّٰهُ عُقَيْرَاكِ فَلَا تُصْحِرِيهَا [app. meaning, accord. to explanations of it in the TA in art. عقر, God hath made thy dwelling and estate, or, as Z explains it, thy person (نَفْسَكِ), to be quietly settled, therefore do not thou remove it forth to the desert]; i. e. لَا تُبْرِزِيهَا إِلَى الصَّحْرَآءِ; the verb, accord. to IAth, being made trans. by the suppression of the prep.; [i. e. تُصْحِرِيهَا being for تُصْحِرِى بِهَا;] for it is [properly] intrans. (TA. [See also the next sentence but one, in which the verb is tropically made trans.]) b3: أَصْحِرْ لِعَدُوِّكَ means (assumed tropical:) Be thou in a state of clearness [or certainty] with respect to the case of thy enemy: (JM, TA:) occurring in a trad. of 'Alee. (TA.) b4: One says also, أَصْحَرَ بِالأَمْرِ and أَصْحَرَهُ (tropical:) He revealed, or made manifest, the affair, or case: and لَا تُصْحِرْ أَمْرَكَ (tropical:) [Reveal not thy affair, or case]: and أَصْحِرْهُ بِمَا فِى قَلْبِكَ (tropical:) [Reveal to him what is in thy mind]. (A, TA.) b5: اصحر said of a place, It was, or became, wide, or spacious; (O, K, TA;) i. e. it became like the صَحْرَآء. (TA.) A2: Said of a man, He was, or became, blind of one eye. (K.) 11 اصحارّ It (a plant) dried up; or became yellow; or dried up and became yellow: (S:) or became of a dingy red colour, and then dried up and became yellow: (TA:) and (TA) it (a plant, K, or an ear of corn, TA) became red: or its first parts became white. (K, TA.) صِحْرٌ an imitative sequent to صِفْرٌ [q. v.]. (Kh, Ham p. 354.) صَحَرٌ: see صُحْرَةٌ.

لَقِيتُةُ صَحْرَةَ بَحْرَةَ, in which the two nouns are imperfectly decl., (S, L,) being regarded as one, (L,) and صَحْرَةً بَحْرَةً, (K in art. بحر,) and بُحْرَةَ ↓ صُحْرَةَ, with damm, (O,) and صُحْرَةً بُحْرَةً, (MF in art. بحر,) and صَحْرَةً بَحْرَةً نَحْرَةً, (O, K,) and صَحْرَةَ بَحْرَةَ نَحْرَةَ, (K, [but this last is implicitly disallowed in the O, and expressly by MF in art. بحر,]) and with damm also in all these words, [i. e. صُحْرَة &c.,] (K,) I met him openly, or in open view, nothing intervening to conceal him. (S, L, K. [See also بَحْرَةٌ; and see صَرْحَةٌ.]) And one says likewise, أَخْبَرَهُ بِالأَمْرِ صحرة بحرة [He acquainted him with the affair, or case, openly]. (TA.) صُحْرَةٌ (S, K, in the CK, صُحَرَةٌ [which is a mistake,]) and ↓ صَحَرٌ (K [in some copies of the K صَحْرٌ, which, as observed in the TA, is wrong,]) A colour in which is [the kind of red termed]

شُقْرَةٌ: (S:) or a colour nearly the same as [the kind of red termed] صُبْهَةٌ: (K:) or the latter, (TA, [and app. the former also,]) a dust-colour with a slight redness, (in the K, in حُمْرَة خَفِيَّة, the latter of these two words is a mistake for خَفِيفَة, TA,) inclining to a little whiteness: (K, TA:) or the former, redness inclining to dustcolour: (TA:) or dust-colour with redness: (A:) and [redness of the kind termed] شُقْرَة in the head: (As, TA:) and both words, a colour in which is whiteness and redness: (TA:) and whiteness overspreading blackness; like سُحْرَةٌ and سَحَرٌ: (TA in art. سحر:) and the latter, accord. to Sgh, whiteness. (TA.) A2: Also, both words, The quality of a صَحْرَآء [q. v.]. (ISh.) b2: and the former, A clear space in a [stony tract such as is called] حَرَّة, (S, K,) consisting of soft and clean soil with stones in it: (TA:) pl. صُحَرٌ; (S, K;) the only pl. (TA.) b3: See also صَحْرَة.

صَحْرَآءُ, imperfectly decl., (S, K,) though not an epithet; (S;) or it is an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates; (TA;) and is imperfectly decl. because it is of the fem. gender, (S,) and because the letter characteristic of the fem. gender [namely the long ا] is inseparable from it, (S, K,) A desert; a waste; syn. بَرِّيَّةٌ: (S, Msb:) or a tract of land like the back of a beast, bare, or destitute of herbage, without trees and without hills and without mountains; smooth [throughout]: (ISh:) or a plain, or level tract of land, with smoothness and ruggedness, (A, K,) less [rugged] than what is termed قُفّ: (K:) or a spacious tract of ground in which is no herbage: (M, A, K:) or the most plain and even of land, whether it have produced herbage or not, not having any mountain or hill near it; as also جَهَادٌ: (ISh, TA in art. جهد:) you say صَحْرَآءُ وَاسِعَةٌ [a wide desert &c.]; (S;) but you do not say صَحْرَآءَةٌ, adding one fem. sign after another: (S, Msb:) the pls. are صَحَارِىُّ (S, Msb, K) and صَحَارٍ (S, M, Msb) [in the K, صَحَارِى, which, without the art. ال, and except when it is prefixed to another noun, and in a case of pausing, is a manifest mistake, as is shown in every complete treatise on inflection,] and صَحَارَى (S, Msb, K) and صَحْرَاوَاتٌ: (S, K:) the first of which four pls. occurs in poetry, and is the original form of the second: for when you form the pl. of صَحْرَآءُ, [which is originally صَحْرَاا,] you introduce an ا between the ح and the ر, and give kesr to the ر as in all similar cases: then the first ا which is after the ر [in صحراا] is changed into ى, because of the kesreh preceding it; and the second ا, which is the characteristic of the fem. gender, is also changed into ى, and incorporated into the former: then they reject the first ى, and change the second into ا, [though still writing it ى,] and say صَحَارَى, with fet-h to the ر, that the ا may not be elided in the case of tenween, [which the word would have if the ر were with kesr]; and this they do to distinguish between the ى that is changed from the ا which is a characteristic of the fem. gender and the ى that is changed from the ا which is not a characteristic of the fem. gender as the ا of مَرْمًى when they say مَرَامٍ: some of the Arabs, however, do not reject the first ى [in صَحَارِىُّ], but reject the second ى, and say الصَّحَارِى, with kesr to the ر, and هٰذِهِ صَحَارٍ, like as you say جَوَارٍ (S. [In the Ham, p. 54, صُحَرٌ is mentioned as a pl. of صَحْرَآءُ; but I think it doubtful.]) صُحَارٌ The sweat of horses: (O, K:) or the fever of horses. (K.) [b2: See also 1.]

صَحُورٌ: see أَصْحَرُ.

صَحِيرٌ A certain uttering of the voice of the ass, (A, K,) of a vehement kind, (A,) more vehement than the neighing of horses: an inf. n. (TA. [See 1.]) صَحِيرَةٌ Milk into which heated stones are thrown, so that it boils, after which some clarified butter is poured upon it, and it is drunk; and sometimes some flour is sprinkled upon it, and then it is supped: or, accord. to Abu-l-Gheyth, it is called صَخِيرَةٌ, from الصَّخْرُ; like فَهِيرَةٌ, from الفِهْرُ: (S:) or fresh milk into which heated stones are thrown, or which is put in the cooking-pot and made to boil in it once, until it burns; and sometimes flour is put into it, and sometimes clarified butter: (TA:) or fresh milk which is made to boil, after which some clarified butter is poured upon it, (K,) and it is drunk: (TA:) or fresh milk which is heated until it burns: (A:) or pure milk of camels, or of sheep, or of goats, which, when they want soup, and have not flour, it not being found in their land, they cook, and then give to drink to a sick person, hot. (TA.) ثَوْبٌ صُحَارِىٌّ A kind of garment, so called in relation to صُحَار, a town of El-Yemen: or, as some say, of the colour termed صُحْرَة, like ↓ أَصْحَرُ. (TA, from a trad.) صُحَيْرَآءُ A certain sort of milk: (K:) so says Kr, without particularizing it. (TA.) أَصْحَرُ Of the colour termed صُحْرَة: (S, K:) or similar to أَصْبَحٌ: (As:) a man of a red colour inclining to dust-colour: (TA:) or having a colour such as is termed شُقْرَة upon his head: (As:) and an ass in which is a red colour: (S:) or of a dust-colour with redness: (A:) or in which is whiteness and redness; (TA;) and so ↓ صَحُورٌ applied to a she-ass; or this signifies wont to kick with her hind leg: (K, TA:) fem.

صَحْرَآءُ: (S, TA:) and pl. صُحْرٌ. (TA.) See also صُحَارِىٌّ. b2: الأَصْحَرُ and ↓ المُصْحِرُ The lion. (Sgh, K.) المُصْحِرُ: see what next precedes.

مُصَاحِرٌ One who fights with his adversary in the desert (الصَّحْرَآء), and does not act deceitfully with him. (S.)

صفر

1 صَفَرَ aor. ـِ inf. n. صَفِيرٌ, (S, M, K,) with which ↓ صُفَارٌ is syn. in a phrase mentioned below; (S;) and ↓ صفّر, (M, K,) inf. n. تَصْفِيرٌ; (TA;) He, or it, (a bird, a vulture, S, and a serpent, or the أَسْوَد, or أَعْرَج, or اِبْن قِتْرَة, or أَصَلَة, M,) whistled; syn. مكَا; (S;) made, or uttered, a certain sound, (M, Msb, * K,) without the utterance of letters. (Msb.) [It is mostly said of a bird: see an ex. voce جَوٌّ.] One says [also], صَفَرَ فِى الصَّفَّارَةِ [He whistled in the whistle]. (M, K.) And صَفَرَ بِالْحِمَارِ, and ↓ صفّر, He called the ass to water [by whistling; for to do thus is the common custom of the Arabs]. (M, K.) And Fr mentions the phrase, ↓ كَانَ فِى كَلَامِهِ صَفَارٌ, meaning صَفِيرٌ [i. e. There was in his speech a whistling]. (S.) A2: صَفِرَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. صَفَرٌ (S, M, A, K, &c.) and صُفُورٌ; (M, K;) and accord. to the T, صَفَرَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. صُفُورَةٌ; (TA;) It, or he, was, or became, empty, void, or vacant; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) namely, a house or tent; (S;) or a vessel, (S, M, &c.,) مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَالشَّرَابِ [of food and beverage]; and a skin, مِنَ اللَّبَنِ [of milk]; (TA;) and a hand; (A;) and a thing; (S, M;) and accord. to ISk, صَفِرَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. صَفِيرٌ, is said of a man. (TA.) [See also 4, last sentence but one.] One says, نَعُوذُ بِاللّٰهِ مِنْ قَرَعِ الفِنَآءِ وَصَفَرِ الإِنَآءِ (S, M, A) [We seek preservation by God from the yard's becoming void of cattle, and the vessel's becoming empty;] meaning, from the perishing of the cattle. (S.) And صَفِرَتْ وِطَابُهُ, (M, A, K, [in the CK, erroneously, وَطْاَتُهُ,]) and صَفِرَ إِنَاؤُهُ, (A,) [lit. His milk-skins, and his vessel, became empty;] meaning (tropical:) he died; (M, K;) he perished. (A. [See also other explanations in art. وطب.]) A3: صُفِرَ, (M, K,) inf. n. صَفْرٌ, (K,) He had what is termed صُفَار, i. e. yellow water in his belly. (M, K.) 2 صَفَّرَ see above, in two places.

A2: and see 4.

A3: Also صفّرهُ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. تَصْفِيرٌ, (K,) He made it yellow: (S:) he dyed it yellow; (M, K;) namely, a garment, or piece of cloth. (M.) 4 اصفرهُ He emptied it; or made it void, or vacant; namely, a house or tent [&c.]; (M, K;) as also ↓ صفّرهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَصْفِيرٌ. (TA.) The Arabs say, مَا أَصْغَيْتُ لَكَ إِنَآءً وَلَا أَصْفَرْتُ لَكَ فِنَآءً

[I have not overturned a vessel belonging to thee, nor have I emptied a yard belonging to thee]; meaning I have not taken thy camels nor thy property, so that thy vessel should be overturned and thou shouldst find no milk to milk into it, and so that thy yard should be empty, plundered, no camel or sheep or goat lying in it: it is said in excusing oneself. (M.) A2: [Accord. to Freytag, اصفر signifies also It (a house) was, or became, empty, or void, of (مِنْ) household-goods: so that it is syn. with صَفِرَ: and this is probably correct: for b2: ] أَصْفَرَ, (S, K,) also, (K,) signifies He was, or became, poor; (S, K;) said of a man. (S.) 5 تصفّر المَالُ The cattle became in good condition, the vehement heat of summer having departed from them: [or,] accord. to Sgh, تصفّرت الإِبِلُ signifies The camels became fat in the [season called the] صَفَرِيَّة. (TA.) 9 اصفرّ It become أَصْفَر [i. e. yellow: and also black]: (S, M, K:) and so ↓ اصفارّ: (S, K:) or the former signifies it was so constantly: and the latter, it was so transiently. (Az, TA. [See 9 in art. حمر.]) 11 إِصْفَاْرَّ see the next preceding paragraph.

صَفْرٌ: see صِفْرٌ.

صُفْرٌ: see صِفْرٌ.

A2: Also, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ صِفْرٌ accord. to AO, (S, M, Msb, *) who allowed no other form, but the former is the better, (M,) [Brass;] the metal of which vessels are made; (S;) i. q. نُحَاسٌ [which means both copper and brass]; (A, Msb;) or a sort of نُحَاس; or نُحَاس made yellow; (M;) or the best sort of نُحَاس; (Msb;) or an excellent sort thereof: (TA:) n. un. ↓ صُفْرَةٌ. (M.) b2: And Gold: (M, A, K: [see also الصَّفْرَآءُ, voce أَصْفَرُ:]) or deenars; either because they are yellow (صُفْرٌ [pl. of أَصْفَرُ]), or thus called because resembling the صُفْر of which vessels are made. (M.) b3: And Women's ornaments. (A.) b4: إِنَّهُ لَفِى صُفْرِهِ, (S, O, TA, [thus in an old and very excellent copy of the S, in another copy of which I find, as in Freytag's Lex., ↓ صُفْرَةٍ,]) and ↓ صِفْرِهِ, (TA,) [app. means He is in that state in which he requires to be rubbed with saffron; for it] is said of him who is affected by madness, when he is in the days in which his reason fails; because they used to rub him with somewhat of saffron. (S, O, L.) صِفْرٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and ↓ صُفْرٌ and ↓ صُفُرٌ and ↓ صَفِرٌ (M, K) and ↓ صَفْرٌ (M) and ↓ أَصْفَرُ (Msb) Empty, void, or vacant; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) applied to a house or tent, (S, Msb,) and to a vessel, (M, A,) and to a hand: (A:) each of the first three is used alike as masc. and fem. and sing. [and dual] and pl.: (M:) [and so, app., is the last but one:] and each has also for its pl. أَصْفَارٌ. (M, K.) One says بَيْتٌ صِفْرٌ مِنَ المَتَاعِ A house, or tent, or chamber, empty, or void, of furniture and utensils. (S.) And [applying the pl. form of the epithet to a sing. subst.,] إِنَآءٌ أَصْفَارٌ An empty vessel; (M, K;) like as one says بُرْمَةٌ أَعْشَارٌ; on the authority of IAar: (M:) and [applying the sing form of the epithet to a pl. subst.,] آنِيَةٌ صِفْرٌ empty vessels. (M, K.) and رَجُلٌ صِفْرُ اليَدَيْنِ A man empty-handed. (S, Msb.) And صِفْرٌ مِنَ الخَيْرِ (assumed tropical:) Void of good. (TA.) And it is said, in a trad., of Umm-Zara, that she was صِفْرٌ رِدَاؤُهَا meaning (assumed tropical:) Lank in her belly; as though her رداء, which is a garment that falls upon the belly and there ends, were empty. (TA.) And هُوَ صِفْرٌ صِحْرٌ It is [utterly] empty; صحر being an imitative sequent. (Kh, Ham p.

354.) b2: صِفْرٌ in arithmetical notation, in the Indian method, is A circle [or the character ه, denoting nought, or zero; whence our term “ cipher: ” when nought is thus denoted, five is denoted by a character resembling our B: but more commonly, in the present day, nought is denoted by a round dot; and five, by ه]. (L, TA.) A2: See also صُفْرٌ, in two places.

صَفَرٌ [an inf. n. of صَفِرَ, q. v.: b2: and hence,] Hunger: and ↓ صَفْرَةٌ [the inf. n. un.] a hungering once. (M, K.) b3: Also A certain disease in the belly, which renders the face yellow: (M, K:) or a collecting of water in the belly. (KT.) [See also صُفَارٌ.] b4: Also A kind of serpent, (S, M, K,) in the belly, (S, K,) which sticks to the ribs, and bites them, (M, K,) or, as the Arabs assert, which bites a man when he is hungry, its bite occasioning the stinging which a man feels when he is hungry: (S:) used alike as sing. and pl.; or one is termed صَفَرَةٌ: (M:) and it is said to be what is meant by the word in a trad., in which it is disacknowledged: (S, TA:) or a certain reptile (دَابَّة) which bites the ribs and their cartilages: (M, K:) or a certain serpent in the belly, which attacks beasts and men, and which, accord. to the Arabs [of the time of Ignorance], passes from one to another more than the mange or scab; (Ru-beh:) the Prophet, however, denied its doing so: it is said also that it oppresses and hurts a man when he is hungry: (A'Obeyd:) this is the explanation approved by Az: (TA:) or, as also ↓ صُفَارٌ, worms in the belly, (M, K, TA,) and in the cartilages of the ribs, which cause a man to become very yellow, and sometimes kill him. (TA.) You say, عَضَّ عَلَى شُرْسُوفِهِ الصَّفَرُ, meaning, (tropical:) He was hungry. (A.) A2: Accord. to some, (M,) in the trad. above referred to, صَفَرٌ signifies The postponing of [the month] El-Moharram, transferring it to Safar: (A'Obeyd, M, K:) [see نَسِىْءٌ:] or it there means the disease called by this name, because they asserted it to be transitive. (K.) A3: Also The intellect, or understanding; or the heart, or mind; syn. رُوعٌ: (M, K: [in the CK رَوْع:]) the inmost part (لُبّ) of the heart. (M, K.) Hence the saying, (TA,) لَا يَلْتَاطُ هٰذَا بِصَفَرِى

This will not adhere to me, [or to my mind,] nor will my soul accept it: (S, TA:) said of that which one does not love. (A.) A4: Also A contract, compact, or covenant: or suretiship, or responsibility: syn. عَقْدٌ. (M, L, K. [In some copies of the K, فقد.]) A5: Also (S, M, Msb, K) and sometimes [صَفَرُ,] imperfectly decl., (K,) but all make it perfectly decl. except AO, who makes it imperfectly decl. because it is determinate [or a proper name] and similar in meaning to سَاعَةٌ, which is fem., meaning that all nouns signifying times are سَاعَات, (Th, M,) and, accord. to some, الصَّفَرُ, (Msb,) [The second month of the Arabian calendar;] the month that is [the next] after ElMoharram (المُحَرَّمُ): (S, M, K:) so called because in it they used to procure their provision of corn from the places [in which it was collected, their granaries having then become empty (صِفْر); agreeably with the opinion of my learned friend Mons. Fulgence Fresnel, that it was so called from the scarcity of provisions in the season in which it fell when it was first named; for it then fell in winter: see the latter of the two tables in p. 1254; and see also نَسِىْءٌ]: or because Mekkeh was then empty, its people having gone forth to travel: or, accord. to Ru-beh, because the Arabs in it made predatory expeditions, and left those whom they met empty: (M:) or because they then made predatory expeditions, and left the houses of the people empty: (Msb in art. جمد:) pl. أَصْفَارٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and, as some say, صَفَرَاتٌ. (Msb.) b2: الصَّفَرَانِ The two months of El-Moharram and Safar; (M;) two months of the year, whereof one was called by the Muslims El-Moharram. (IDrd, M, Msb, K.) صَفِرٌ: see صِفْرٌ, first sentence.

صُفُرٌ: see صِفْرٌ, first sentence.

صَفْرَةٌ: see صَفَرٌ, [of which it is the n. un.,] first sentence.

صُفْرَةٌ [Yellowness;] a certain colour, (S, M, Msb,) well known, (M, K,) less intense than red, (Msb,) found in animals and in some other things, and, accord. to IAar, in water. (M.) b2: Also Blackness. (M, K.) b3: See also صُفْرٌ, in two places.

A2: صُفْرَةُ, imperfectly decl., is a proper name for The she-goat. (Sgh, K.) صَفَرِىٌّ (S, M, K) and ↓ صَفَرِيَّةٌ (K) The increase, or offspring, (نِتَاج,) of sheep or goats (S, M, K [in the CK, او is erroneously put for و before this explanation]) after that called قَيْظِىٌّ: (S, TA:) or at the period of the [auroral] rising of Suheyl [or Canopus, which, in Central Arabia, at the commencement of the era of the Flight, was about the 4th of August, O. S.; here erroneously said in the M to be in the beginning of winter]: (M, K:) or ↓ the latter word signifies [as above, and also the period itself above mentioned: or] the period from the rising of Suheyl to the setting of الذِّرَاع [the Seventh Mansion of the Moon, which, in the part and age above mentioned, was about the 3rd of January, O. S.], when the cold is intense; and then breeding is approved: (M:) or the period from the rising of Suheyl to the rising of السِّمَاك [the Fourteenth Mansion of the Moon, which, in the part and age above mentioned, was about the 4th of October, O. S.], commencing with forty nights of varying, or alternating, heat and cold, called المُعْتَدِلَاتُ: (Az:) the first increase [of sheep and goats] is the صَقَعِىّ, which is when the sun smites (تَصْقَعُ) the heads of the young ones; and some of the Arabs call it the شَمْسِىّ, and the قَيْظِىّ: then is the صَفَرِىّ, after the صَقَعِىّ; and that is when the fruit of the palm-tree is cut off: then, the شَتَوِىّ, which is in the [season called] رَبِيع: then, the دَفَئِىّ, which is when the sun becomes warm: then, the صَيفِىّ: then, the قَيْظِىّ: then, the خَرَفِىّ, in the end of the [season called] قَيْظ: (Aboo-Nasr:) or صَفَرِيَّةٌ signifies, (M, K,) and so صَفَرِىٌّ, (K,) the [period of the] departure of the heat and the coming of the cold: (AHn, M, K:) or the period between the departure of the summer and the coming of the winter: (Aboo-Sa'eed:) or the first of the seasons; [app. meaning the autumnal season, called الخَرِيف, which was the first of the four, and of the six, seasons; or perhaps the first of the seasons of rain, commonly called الوَسْمِىّ;] and it may be a month: (AHn, M, K:) or the latter, (M,) or both, (TA,) the beginning of the year. (M, TA.) [Hence,] أَيَّامُ

↓ الصَّفَرِيَّةِ Twenty days of, or from, (مِنْ,) the latter part of the summer, or hot season. (TA voce حُلَّبٌ.) b2: Also the former, (S,) or ↓ both, (TA,) The rain that comes in the beginning of autumn: (S:) or from the period of the rising of Suheyl to that of the setting of الذِّرَاع [expl. above]. (TA.) b3: Also the latter, (S, M,) or ↓ both, (K,) A plant that grows in the beginning of the autumn: (S, M, K:) so called, accord. to AHn, because the beasts become yellow when they pasture upon that which is green; their arm-pits and similar parts, and their lips and fur, becoming yellow; but [ISd says,] I have not found this to be known. (M.) صُفْرِيَّةٌ A sort of dates of El-Yemen, which are dried in the state in which they are termed بُسْر, (AHn, M, K,) being then yellow; and when they become dry, and are rubbed with the hand, they crumble, and سَوِيق is sweetened with them, and they surpass sugar; (AHn, M;) [or] they supply the place of sugar in سَوِيق. (K.) A2: الصُّفْرِيَّةُ, (S, M, K,) and, (K,) or as some say, (S, M,) ↓ الصِّفْرِيَّةُ, (M, K,) A sect of the خَوَارِج, (S,) a party of the حَرُورِيَّة; (M, K;) so called in relation to Sufrah (صُفْرَةُ [which is the name of a place in El-Yemámeh]): (M:) or in relation to Ziyád Ibn-El-Asfar, (S, K,) their head, or chief; (S;) or to 'Abd-Allah (S, M, K) Ibn-Es-Saffár, (S,) or Ibn-Saffár, (K,) or Ibn-Safár, (so in a copy of the M,) in which case it is extr. in form; (M;) or on account of the yellowness of their complexions; or because of their being void of religion; (K;) accord. to which last derivation, it is ↓ الصِّفْرِيَّةُ, with kesr; and As holds this to be the right opinion. (TA.) b2: And the former (الصُّفْرِيَّةُ) The مَهَالِبَة, (M, K,) who were celebrated for bounty and generosity; (TA;) so called in relation to Aboo-Sufrah, (M, K,) who was [surnamed] Abu-l-Mohelleb. (M.) الصِّفْرِيَّةُ: see the next preceding paragraph in two places.

صَفَرِيَّةٌ: see صَفَرِىٌّ, in five places.

صِفْرِيتٌ is the sing. of صَفَارِيتُ, (S,) which signifies Poor men: (S, K:) the ت is augmentative. (S.) صَفَارٌ, (S, M,) with fet-h, (S,) or ↓ صُفَارٌ, like غُرَابٌ, (K,) What is dry, of [the species of barleygrass called] بُهْمَى: (S, M, K:) app. because of its yellowness: (M:) it has prickles that cling to the lips of the horses. (TA in art. شفه.) b2: and the former, accord. to ISk, A certain plant. (TA.) صُفَارٌ: see 1, in two places.

A2: Also A certain disease, in consequence of which one becomes yellow: (A:) the yellow water that collects in the belly; (M, K;) i. q. سِقْىٌ: (M:) or a collecting of yellow water in the belly, which is cured by cutting the نَائِط, a vein in the صُلْبِ [i. e. backbone, or back]. (S.) b2: See also صَفَرٌ. b3: and see صَفَارٌ. b4: Also A yellowness that takes place in wheat before the grain has become full. (A, TA.) b5: And Remains of straw and of other fodder, at the roots of the teeth of beasts; as also ↓ صِفَارٌ. (M, K.) b6: And The tick, or ticks: (M, K:) and, (K,) or as some say, (M,) an insect, or animalcule, (دُوَيْبَّةٌ,) that is found in the solid hoofs, and in the toes, or soles, of camels, (M, K,) in the hinder parts thereof. (M.) صِفَارٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

صَفِيرٌ inf. n. of صَفَرَ [q. v.]. (S, M, K.) A2: [In the present day it signifies also The sapphire.]

صُفَارَةٌ What has withered, (M, K,) and become altered to yellow, (M,) of plants, or herbage. (M, K.) صَفِيرَةٌ A dam (ضَفِيرَةٌ) between two tracts of land. (Sgh, K.) صُفَارَى A species of bird, that whistles (يَصْفِرُ). (M. [See also what next follows.]) صُفَارِيَّةٌ A certain bird; (IAar, S;) as also صُفَارِيَةٌ, without teshdeed; (S;) the bird called تُبَشِّرٌ, (S in art. بشر,) or تُبُشِّرٌ: (K in that art.:) [Golius (who writes the word صَفَارِيَّةٌ) adds, “ut puto, quæ in Syria صُفَيْرا dicitur, flava, duplo major passere, nam et passer luteus, ut reddit Meid. ”:] i. q. صَعْوَةٌ. (IAar.) [See also الأَصْقَعُ.]

صُفُورِيَّةٌ, accord. to the K, A kind of نَبَات [i. e. plant]: but in the Tekmileh, a kind of ثِيَاب [i. e. garments, or cloths]; pl. of ثَوْب; and it bears the mark of correctness. (TA.) صَفَّارٌ: see صَافِرٌ

A2: Also A fabricator of صُفْر [or brass]. (M, K.) صُفَّارٌ, with damm, The entire quill of a feather. (AA, O.) صَفَّارَةٌ [A whistle: so in the present day: and also a fife:] a hollow thing (M, K) of copper, (K,) in which a boy whistles (M, K) to pigeons, (K,) or to an ass, that he may drink. (TS, L, K.) b2: [Hence,] الصَّفَّارَةُ The anus; syn. الاِسْتُ; (M, K;) in the dial. of the Sawád. (TA.) صَافِرٌ Whistling; or a whistler. (TA.) b2: and hence, (TA,) A thief; (K;) as also ↓ صَفَّارٌ: [or this signifies a frequent, or habitual, whistler:] the thief being so called because he whistles in fear of his being suspected: whence, as some explain it, the saying أَجْبَنُ مِنْ صَافِرٍ [More cowardly than a thief]: (TA:) a prov.: accord. to AO, it means in this instance one who whistles to a woman for the purpose of fornication or adultery; because he fears lest he should be seen: or b3: accord. to A'Obeyd, Any bird that whistles; for birds of prey do not whistle, but only ignoble birds, that are preyed upon: (Meyd:) [or] any bird that does not prey: (M, K:) and any bird having a cry: and a certain cowardly bird: (K:) [accord. to Dmr, as stated by Freytag, it is a bird of the passerine kind; also called ↓ صَافِرِيَّةٌ:] accord. to Mohammad Ibn-Habeeb, (Meyd,) a certain bird that suspends itself from trees, hanging down its head, whistling all the night in fear lest it should sleep and be taken; and so in the prov. above mentioned: (Meyd, A: *) or, accord. to IAar, it means بِهِ ↓ مَصْفُورٌ [whistled to]: i. e., when he is whistled to, he flees: and by بِهِ ↓ المَصْفُورُ is meant the bird called التنوّط [i. e. التَّنَوُّطُ or التُّنَوِّطُ &c.], the cowardice of which induces it to weave for itself a nest like a purse, suspended from a tree, narrow in the mouth and wide in the lower part, in which it protects itself, fearing lest a bird of prey should light upon it: (Meyd: [see also art. نوط:]) or any coward. (TA.) b4: مَا بِهَا صَافِرٌ There is not in it (i. e. the house, الدَّار, TA) any one: (S, K:) [lit.] any one who whistles: (M:) or any one to be called by whistling; صَافِرٌ being here an instance of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ followed by بِهِ. (T, TA.) صَافِرِيَّةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

أَصْفَرُ [a comparative and superlative epithet form صَفَرَ]. One says أَصْفَرُ مِنْ بُلْبُلٍ [A greater whistler, or warbler, than the بلبل]. (S.) A2: See also صِفْرٌ. b2: [Also More, and most, empty, void, or vacant.] It is said in a trad., أَصْفَرُ البُيُوتِ مِنَ الخَيْرِ البَيْتُ الصِّفْرُ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللّٰهِ [That one of houses which is the most void of good is the house that is destitute of the Book of God]. (S.) A3: Also [Yellow;] of the colour termed صُفْرَةٌ: (S, M, K:) fem. صَفْرَآءُ: (Msb, &c.:) pl. صُفْرٌ. (TA.) And Black (A'Obeyd, S, K) is sometimes thus termed: (S:) applied to a camel, as in the Kur lxxvii. 33, because a black camel always has an intermixture of yellow: (TA:) or, applied to a camel, of a colour whereof the ground is black, with some yellow hairs coming through. (M.) Applied to a horse, Of the colour termed in Pers\.

زَرْدَهْ [a kind of sorrel], (S,) but not unless having a yellow [or sorrel] tail and mane. (As, S.) b2: بَنُو الأَصْفَرِ The Greeks (الرُّومُ): (S, A:) or their kings: because the sons of El-Asfar the son of Room the son of 'Eesoo (or 'Eysoon, TA, [i. e. Esau,]) the son of Is-hák [or Isaac] (K) the son of Ibráheem [or Abraham]: (TA:) or El-Asfar was a surname of Room: (TA:) or they were so called because their first ancestor, (A, IAth,) Room the son of 'Eysoon, (IAth,) was of a yellow complexion: (A, IAth:) or because they were conquered by an army of Abyssinians by whom their women had yellow children: (K:) [or] they are the modern Muscovites. (TA.) b3: الأَصْفَرَانِ Gold and saffron; (S, M, K;) which are said to destroy women: (TA:) or the plant called وَرْس and saffron: (S, K:) or the plant called وَرْس and gold: (M:) or saffron and raisins. (ISk, Sgh, K.) b4: And الصَّفْرَآءُ Gold. (M, K. [See also صُفْرٌ.]) Hence the saying of 'Alee, يَا صَفْرَآءُ اصْفَرِّى وَيَا بَيْضَآءُ ابْيَضِّى وَغُرِّى غَيْرِى O gold, [be yellow,] and O silver, [be white, and beguile other than me:] and one says also, مَا لِفُلَانٍ صَفْرَآءُ وَلَا بَيْضَآءُ [There is not belonging to such a one gold nor silver]. (TA.) b5: Also A kind of bile, (M, K,) well-known; (K;) [the yellow bile; one of the four humours of the body; of which the others are the black bile (السَّوْدَآءُ), the blood (الدَّمُ), and the phlegm (البَلْغَمُ):] so called because of its colour. (M.) b6: And The bow that is made of [the tree called] نَبْع. (S, * K, * TA.) b7: and The female locust that is devoid of eggs. (M, K.) b8: And A certain plant, (S, M, K,) of the plain or soft tracts, and of the sands, (M, K,) and sometimes growing in hard level ground: (M:) or a certain herb, that spreads upon the ground, (AHn, M,) the leaves of which are like those of the خَسّ [or lettuce], (AHn, M, K,) and which the camels eat vehemently: (AHn, M:) it is of the kind called ذُكُور. (Aboo-Nasr, M.) مُصْفَرٌ: see its fem., with ة, voce مَصْفُورٌ.

مُصْفِرٌ A poor man. (S.) مُصَفَّرٌ; and its fem., with ة: see مَصْفُورٌ.

هُوَ مَصَفِّرُ اسْتِهِ is from الصَّفِيرُ, [see صَفَرَ,] not from الصُّفْرَةُ, (S,) and means He is a صَرَّاط; (S, K;) as though denoting cowardice: (TA:) or it is from صَفَّرَ “ he dyed yellow; ” (M;) and was applied to Aboo-Jahl; (M, TA;) meaning that he dyed his اِسْت with saffron, and was addicted to [the enormity termed] أُبْنَة: this, accord. to Sgh, is the correct explanation; and he adds that it is said of a luxurious man, whom experience and afflictions have not rendered firm, or sound, in judgment. (TA.) b2: المُصَفِّرَةُ is an appellation applied to Those whose sign [meaning the colour of their ensign] is صُفْرَة; (M, K;) [i. e. whose ensign is yellow;] and is similar to المُحَمِّرَةُ and المُبَيِّضَةُ. (M.) مَصْفُورٌ: see صَافِرٌ, in two places.

A2: Also Hungry; and so ↓ مُصَفَّرٌ. (K.) b2: Of the مَصْفُورَة, (TA,) and ↓ مُصْفَرَة, (Mgh, TA,) or ↓ مُصَفَّرَة, (Mgh,) which one is forbidden to offer in sacrifice, (Mgh, TA,) it is said that the first is Such as has the ear entirely cut off; because its ear-hole is destitute of the ear: and the second, the lean, or emaciated; because devoid of fatness; or, accord. to KT, the first and second have the latter meaning, as though destitute of fat and flesh: (TA:) or the second and third have the latter meaning; or the former meaning: (Mgh:) but accord. to the relation of Sh, what is thus forbidden is termed المَصْغُورَةُ, with غ, having the former of the meanings expl. above; which IAth disapproves: (TA in art. صغر:) or المُصَغَّرَةُ. (Mgh in that art.) A3: Also Having the disease termed صُفَار: (A, TA:) or one from whose belly comes forth yellow water. (TA.)

صبع

1 صَبَعَ بِهِ, aor. ـَ (Az, S, K,) inf. n. صَبْعٌ, (Az, S,) He pointed at him, or towards him, with his finger, (بِإِصْبَعِهِ,) disparagingly: (Az, S, K:) or, as some say, he meant some evil thing to him when he (the latter) was inadvertent, not knowing. (TA.) b2: And صَبَعَ فُلَانًا عَلَى فُلَانٍ He directed such a one to such a one by pointing, or indication: (S, K:) because, when one directs a man to a way, or road, or to a thing that is latent, or obscure, he points towards it with the finger. (TA.) One says, مَا صَبَعَكَ عَلَيْنَا What directed thee to us? (TA.) And صَبَعَ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ He directed others to the people, or party. (TA.) Of one who magnifies himself, or acts proudly, in his government, or administration, one says, صَبَعَهُ الشَّيْطَانُ (assumed tropical:) [app. meaning The Devil has directed him]: and أَدْرَكَتْهُ أَصَابِعُ الشَّيْطَانِ [The fingers of the Devil have reached him]. (TA. [See the pass. part. n. below.]) b3: And one says, قُرِّبَ إِلَيْهِ طَعَامٌ فَمَا صَبَعَ فِيهِ i. e. [Food was presented, or offered, to him, or was placed, or put, before him, and] he did not put his finger into it. (TA.) [See also صَبَأَ, near the end.] b4: And صَبَعَ الدَّجَاجَةَ, (O, K,) inf. n. as above. (TA,) He inserted his finger into the hen in order that he might know if she were [near] laying an egg or not: (O, K:) mentioned by Z. (TA.) b5: And صَبَعَ الإِنَآءَ He put his finger upon the vessel so that what was in another vessel flowed upon it [into the former vessel]: (A'Obeyd, S, O, K:) or, as some say, he put together his two fingers, [or two of his fingers,] then discharged, or let flow, what was in the vessel, of wine, or beverage, into a thing with a narrow head [or mouth]: or, accord. to Az, he discharged, or let flow, what was in the vessel, of wine, or beverage, between the extremities of [either of] his two thumbs and fore fingers, in order that it might not become scattered, and pour forth copiously. (TA.) b6: and صَبَعَهُ, inf. n. as above, He hit, or hurt, his finger. (TA.) A2: صَبَعَ عَلَى القَوْمِ, inf. n. as above, meaning He came forth upon the people, or party, is said to be originally صَبَأَ, with ء. (TA.) 4 اصبع, followed by عَلَى, is said by Freytag, as on the authority of Meyd, to signify He (a pastor) fed and managed well his cattle: but this is perhaps taken from a mistranscription of the saying, mentioned by Meyd, لِلرَّاعِى عَلَى مَاشِيَتَهِ

إِصْبَعٌ, q. v. infrà.]

صَبْعٌ (tropical:) Self-magnification, or pride; (O, K, TA;) such as is consummate; (TA;) and haughtiness, or insolence, or vain glory; (O, TA;) and ↓ مُصْبَعَةٌ signifies the same. (O, K, TA.) صُبْعٌ i. q. صُبْحٌ [q. v.]: the ع being substituted for the ح. (MF on the letter ع.) إِصْبَعٌ and أُصْبَعٌ and أُصْبُعٌ and إِصْبِعٌ and أَصْبِعٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and إِصْبُعٌ and أَصْبَعٌ (O, Msb, K) and أَصْبُعٌ and أُصْبِعٌ, the ء being thus trebly vowelled, and the ب likewise (Msb, K) with every one of the vowellings of the ء, (K,) and ↓ أُصْبُوعٌ also, (Msb, K,) of all which forms the first is the [only] one commonly known and the one approved by persons of chaste speech, (Msb,) all mentioned by Kr, (K,) and by Lh also on the authority of Yoo, (TA,) A finger: and a toe: (MA, KL, &c.:) of the fem. gender, (Msb,) or fem. and masc., (S, O, Msb, K, *) but generally fem.: (O, Msb, K: *) pl. (of اصبع, MA) أَصَابِعُ and (of اصبوع, MA) أَصَابِيعُ. (MA, K.) b2: One says, بِهِمْ تُثْنَى الأَصَابِعُ [With the mention of them the fingers are bent]; meaning that they are reckoned as the best, [or among the best,] for the best are not many. (M, on a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. ثنى.) [See also two similar exs. in the first paragraph of art. حنو and حنى.]

b3: And لِلرَّاعِى عَلَى مَاشِيَتِهِ إِصْبَعٌ (tropical:) [The pastor has a finger pointing at his cattle, or camels or sheep or goats]; meaning, [has upon his cattle] an impress of a good state or condition; (S, K, * TA;) i. e. they are pointed at with the fingers because of their goodliness and fatness and good tending. (TA.) [See also a verse cited voce صُلْبٌ.] And similar to this saying is the prov., عَلَيْهِ مِنَ اللّٰهِ تَعَالَى إِصْبَعٌ حَسَنٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) [Upon him is, from God, (acknowledged be his absolute supremacy,)] an impress of a good state or condition. (Meyd.) And one says also, إِنَّهُ لَحَسَنُ الإِصْبَعِ فِى مَالِهِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) Verily he is good in respect of the impress upon his cattle [indicative of their state or condition]. (IAar, TA.) b4: and فُلَانٌ مُغِلُّ الإِصْبَعِ (tropical:) Such a one is unfaithful, treacherous, or perfidious. (O, K, * TA. *) b5: and لَهُ إِصْبَعٌ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ (tropical:) [He has a finger in this affair]. (TA.) b6: The Prophet said قَلْبُ المُؤْمِنِ بَيْنَ إِصْبَعَيْنِ مِنْ أَصَابِعِ اللّٰهِ يُقَلِّبُهُ كَيْفَ شَآءَ (tropical:) [The heart of the believer is between two of the fingers of God: He turneth it about as He pleaseth]. (O.) b7: And a man says, in respect of a difficult affair, when he has been made to have recourse to a strong man, able to bear his burden, إِنَّهُ يَأْتِى عَلَيْهِ بِإِصْبِعٍ وَاحِدَةٍ (assumed tropical:) [Verily he will make an end of it with one finger]: and إِنَّهُ يَكْفِيهِ بِصُغْرَى أَصَابِعِهِ (assumed tropical:) [Verily the smallest of his fingers will suffice him for its accomplishment; the ب thus prefixed to the agent being redundant, as in كَفَى بِاللّٰهِ شَهِيدًا and many other instances]. (O.) b8: أَبُو الإِصْبَعِ is one of the surnames of The Devil. (TA. [See صَبَعَهُ الشِّيْطَانُ, above.]) b9: [إِصْبَعٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) A prong, as resembling a finger: so in the S and K in art. حفر, and in other instances.] b10: أَصَابِعُ الفَتَيَاتِ, (O, TS, K,) in the “ Minháj ” of Ibn-Jezleh اصابع الفتيان, [app. a mistranscription,] and in the I, اصابع البُنَيَّاتِ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) [Common clinopodium, or wild basil,] the sweet-smelling plant called in Pers\. الفَرَنْجَمُشْك, (AHn, O, K,) which grows abundantly in the southern parts of Arabia, and is not depastured by any animal. (AHn, O.) b11: أَصَابِعُ العَذَارَى (assumed tropical:) A species of grapes, (AHn, O, K,) black, (AHn, O,) long, like the acorn, likened to the dyed fingers of virgins; (AHn, O, K; *) the bunch thereof is about a cubit [in length], compact [so I render مُتَدَاخِس, supposing it to be similar to دخيس applied to herbage &c.,] in the grapes; its raisins are good; and it grows in the Saráh (السَّرَاة). (AHn, O.) b12: أَصَابِعُ هُرْمُسَ (assumed tropical:) The flowers (فُقَّاح) of the سُورَنْجَان [or Hermodactylus (the Iris of Linn.?) now applied to meadow-saffron, a species of colchicum]; (O, K;) the potency of which is like that of the سورنجان [itself]. (TA.) b13: أَصَابِعُ فِرْعَونَ (assumed tropical:) [Certain things] resembling the مَرَاوِيد [or مَرَاوِد with which كُحْل is applied], of the length of the finger, (K, TA,) red; (TA;) brought from the Sea of El-Hijáz; of proved efficacy for the speedy consolidation of wounds. (K.) b14: أَصَابِعُ صُفْرٌ (assumed tropical:) The root (أَصْل) of a certain plant of which the form is like the hand, (O, K,) variegated with yellowness and whiteness, hard, and having a little sweetness; and there is a species thereof yellow, with a dust-colour, but without whiteness: (O, TA:) so says Ibn-Jezleh: (TA:) it is beneficial as a remedy for madness, or diabolical possession, and for poisons, (K, TA,) and the sting, or bite, of venomous, or noxious, reptiles, or the like, and it acts as a dissolvent of thick excrescences. (TA.) b15: As a measure, إِصْبَعٌ signifies [A digit; i. e. a finger's breadth;] the width of six moderate-sized barley-corns; (Msb voce جَرِيبٌ;) the forth part of the قَبْضَة. (Mgh and Msb ibid.) أُصْبُوعٌ: see إِصْبَعٌ, first sentence.

مَصْبَعَةٌ: see صَبْعٌ.

مَصْبُوعٌ (tropical:) Self-magnifying, or proud. (IAar, O, K, TA.)

صنع

1 صَنَعَ الشَّىْءَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. صُنْعٌ and صَنْعٌ, He made, wrought, manufactured, fabricated, or constructed, the thing; syn. عَمِلَهُ: (K:) [or he made it, &c., skilfully, or well; for] الصُّنْعُ signifies إِجَادَةُ الفِعْلِ; and every صُنْع is a فِعْل, but every فِعْل is not a صُنْع; and it is not predicated of [irrational] animals [unless tropically, (see أَصْنَعُ,)] nor of inanimate things, like as الفِعْلُ is. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b2: [Hence,] صَنَعَ signifies also (assumed tropical:) [He fabricated speech or a saying or sentence or the like:] he forged a word; and poetry, عَلَى

فُلَانٍ in the name of such a one. (Mz, 8th نوع.) b3: And صَنَعَ, inf. n. صَنْعٌ [and صُنْعٌ] and صَنِيعٌ, [with the objective complement understood,] He worked, or wrought; he practised, or exercised, an art, a craft, or a manufacture. (MA.) b4: And صَنَعَ إِلَيْهِ مَعْرُوفًا, (S, O, K,) aor. as above, (K,) inf. n. صُنْعٌ, with damm, He did to him a benefit, favour, or kind act: and صَنَعَ بِهِ صَنِيعًا قَبِيحًا he did to him an evil, or a foul, deed: syn. فَعَلَهُ: (S, O, K:) and one says also [in the former of these two senses], عِنْدَهُ صَنِيعَةً ↓ اِصْطَنَعَ; (S, Mgh, K;) syn. اِتَّخَذَهَا; (K;) or أَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِ. (Mgh.) The saying مَا صَنَعْتَ وَأَبَاكَ means مَعَ

أَبِيكَ [i. e. What didst thou together with thy father?]. (S.) The saying of the Prophet, إِذَا لَمْ تَسْتَحْىِ فَاصْنَعْ مَا شِئْتَ [If thou be not ashamed, do what thou wilt,] is said to be an instance of an imperative phrase of which the meaning is predicative; i. e. it is as though he said, he who is not ashamed does what he will: (O, L, TA: *) and other explanations of it are mentioned in the O and L: (TA:) [but] this is held by A 'Obeyd to be the right meaning. (L.) In the phrase صُنْعَ اللّٰهِ, in the Kur [xxvii. 90, which may be rendered By the doing of God], صنع is in the accus. case as an inf. n.: but one may read it in the nom. case, meaning ذٰلِكَ to be understood before it. (Zj, O, TA.) One says also, مَا أَحْسَنَ صُنْعَ اللّٰهِ عِنْدَكَ and صَنِيعَ اللّٰهِ [How good is the doing of God with thee, or at thine abode!]. (K.) b5: And صَنَعْتُ فَرَسِى, inf. n. صَنْعٌ and صَنْعَةٌ, (tropical:) I tended well my horse; or took good care of him; (S, O, K, TA;) supplied him with fodder, and fattened him: and صَنَعَ جَارِيَتَهُ (tropical:) he reared, or nourished, his girl, or young woman: (TA:) and صُنِعَتِ الجَارِيَةُ (tropical:) the girl, or young woman, was treated [or nourished] well, so that she became fat; as also ↓ صُنِّعَت, inf. n. تَصْنِيعٌ: (K, TA:) or you say اِصْنَعِ الفَرَسَ, (so accord. to my MS. copy of the K,) or الفَرَسَ ↓ أَصْنَعَ, (so accord. to other copies of the K, and in the O, [in the CK اُصْنِعَ الفَرَسُ,]) without teshdeed; [which seems to indicate that the right reading is صَنَعَ, agreeably with the reading in my MS. copy of the K which gives the imperative form; though it is stated in the TA that أَصْنَعَ الفَرَسَ is said by IKtt to be a dial. var. of صَنَعَهُ;] (O, K;) and الجَارِيَةَ ↓ صَنَّعَ, with teshdeed, meaning he treated [or nourished] well the girl, or young woman, and fattened her; (O, K; [in my MS. copy of the K صَنِّعِ الجَارِيَةَ;]) because the تصنيع of the girl, or young woman, is by means of many things, and by careful tending: (O, K:) so says Lth: (O:) but Az says that by other, or others, than Lth, it is allowed to say صَنَعَ جَارِيَتَهُ, without teshdeed: and hence the phrase in the Kur [xx. 40.], وَلِتُصْنَعَ عَلَى عَيْنِى, (TA,) meaning (assumed tropical:) [And this I did] that thou mightest be reared and nourished in my sight; (O, TA;) for which some read وَلِْتُصْنَعْ, as an imperative; and some, وَلِتَصْنَعَ, meaning and that thou mightest work in my sight, (Ksh, Bd,) lest thou shouldst do so contrary to my command. (Bd.) You say likewise, of a woman, صَنَعَتْ نَفْسَهَا: see 5. And you say also ↓ اِصْطَنَعْتُهُ, meaning (tropical:) I reared him; and educated, disciplined, or trained, him well. (S, * O, K, TA.) A2: Accord. to IDrst, صَنِعَ, inf. n. صَنَعٌ, signifies He was, or became, skilled, or skilful: but IB says that صَنِعَ has not been heard. (TA.) 2 صَنَّعَ see 1, latter half, in two places.3 مُصَانَعَةٌ primarily signifies The doing to one a thing in order that he may do another thing to the doer of the former thing. (TA.) b2: Hence, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) The treating with gentleness, or blandishment; soothing, coaxing, wheedling, or cajoling; and endeavouring to conciliate. (O, K, TA.) Or this is from the last of the following significations. (TA.) You say صانعهُ (assumed tropical:) He treated him with gentleness, or blandishment; &c. (O, TA.) and (assumed tropical:) He acted hypocritically with him. (TA.) and صانعهُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ (assumed tropical:) He strove, or endeavoured, to turn him from the thing by deceit, or guile. (TA.) b3: And hence, (A, TA,) or from the last signification in this paragraph, (TA,) (tropical:) The act of bribing. (S, O, Msb, * K, * TA.) One says, صانع الوَالِىَ (tropical:) He bribed [the prefect, ruler, judge, or the like]. (TA.) And صانعهُ بِالمَالِ (tropical:) He bribed him with property, wealth, or money. (Mgh, TA. *) And it is said in a prov., مَنْ صَانَعَ بِالمَالِ لَمْ يَحْتَشِمْ مِنْ طَلَبِ الحَاجَةِ (tropical:) [He who bribes with property is not ashamed of demanding the thing wanted]. (S, O, TA.) b4: Also (tropical:) A horse's not putting forth, or giving, the whole of his strength in going; reserving somewhat thereof: one says, يُصَانِعُكَ بِبَذْلِهِ سَيْرَهُ (tropical:) [He keeps back from thee somewhat by the manner in which he exerts his power of going]. (O, K, TA.) 4 اصنع He (a man, O) aided, or assisted, another. (O, K.) And accord. to Ibn-'Abbád, followed in the O and TS and K, one says also, اصنع الأَخْرَقُ, meaning The unskilful learned, and did soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, or well: but this is a mistake, occasioned by his deeming dubious, or obscure, a passage in the Nawádir of IAar, where the latter says that اصنع الرَّجُلُ means أَعَانَ الأَخْرَقَ [i. e. The man aided, or assisted, the unskilful]. (TA.) A2: اصنع الفَرَسَ: see 1, latter half. [Freytag states, as on the authority of the K, that أَصْنَعَ, said of a horse, signifies “ Non omnibus viribus usus cucurrit, sed ita tamen ut eques eo contentus esset ” (which is nearly the same as a signification of صَانَعَ likewise mentioned by him): but this is a mistake.]5 تَصَنُّعٌ signifies The affecting a goodly way, mode, or manner, of acting, or conduct, or the like; (S, O, K, TA; [الصَّمْت in the CK is a mistranscription for السَّمْت;]) and the making a show thereof; (TA;) and the adorning oneself (K, TA) thereby, while internally unsound in the grounds of pretension to respect. (TA.) And تصنّعت, said of a woman, means نَفْسَهَا ↓ صَنَعَتْ [She cultivated and improved her person, so as to render herself comely, by art, and good nurture]: (S, O:) or she adorned, or embellished, herself. (PS.) 8 إِصْتَنَعَ see 1, former half. b2: Accord. to Er-Rághib, اِصْطِنَاعٌ signifies The exceeding the usual, or ordinary, bounds, or degree, in putting a thing into a good, sound, right, or proper, state. (TA.) b3: And hence, he says, the phrase in the Kur [xx. 43], وَاصْطَنَعْتُكَ لِنَفْسِى, which means (assumed tropical:) And I have chosen thee [for myself] to establish my evidence and to serve as my spokesman between me and my creatures so that thy doing thus shall be as though I did it: (TA:) or it means I have reared thee, (Az, TA,) or I have chosen thee, (O, K, TA,) [for myself,] for a special affair which I require thee to accomplish in a sufficient manner, (Az, O, K, TA,) concerning Pharaoh and his forces. (Az, TA.) See also 1, last sentence but one. b4: One says also, اصطنع خَاتَمًا He ordered that a signet-ring should be made for him. (O, K.) [See also 10.]

b5: And اصطنعهُ [in which the pronoun seems to refer to رِزْق i. e. sustenance, &c.,] also signifies قَدَّمَهُ [app. meaning He offered it]. (TA.) b6: And اصطنع [alone, for اصطنع مَصْنَعَةً,] (tropical:) He made, or prepared, a repast, feast, or banquet, to which to invite friends. (O, K, TA.) and (tropical:) He prepared food to be dispensed in the way, or cause, of God. (O and TA, from a trad.; mentioned also in the CK, but not in other copies of the K.) 10 استصنعهُ, accord. to the O, signifies He asked for it to be made for him: accord. to the L, استصنع الشَّىْءَ signifies he invited, or he induced, or caused (دَعَا,) [another] to make the thing. (TA.) In the saying of Es-Sarakhsee, اِسْتَصْنَعَ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ قَلَنْسُوَةً [app. meaning He asked, or desired, the man to make for him a قلنسوة (q. v.)], عند is redundant. (Mgh.) [See also 8.]

صَنْعٌ: see صَنَعٌ, in two places.

A2: Also, and ↓ صَوْنَعٌ, A certain small creeping thing, or insect, (دُوَيْبَّةٌ,) or a flying thing (طَائِرٌ): (K, TA:) mentioned by Sgh: (TA:) also written in the K (in art. ضتع) ضَتْعٌ and ضَوْتَعٌ: in one case or the other mistranscribed. (TA in art. ضتع.) صُنْعٌ an inf. n. of صَنَعَ [q. v.] (S, K, &c.) b2: And i. q. رِزْقٌ [Sustenance, &c.]. (TA.) A2: See also صَنَعٌ, in two places.

صِنْعٌ A tailor: (O, K:) or one who is gentle, delicate, or skilful, (رَفِيق, O,) or thin, fine, or delicate, (رَقِيق, so in the copies of the K,) or slender, or small, (دَقِيق, so in the TA,) [of which readings that in the O is app. the right,] in respect of the hands. (O, K.) See also صَنَعٌ, in five places.

A2: Also A ↓ مَصْنَعَة of water; (O, K, TA;) i. e. a piece of wood [app. a plank or board] by means of which water is confined, and retained for a while: (TA:) pl. أَصْنَاعٌ: (O, K:) [but this explanation in the TA seems to have been founded upon a statement there made, that Az heard the Arabs call أَحْبَاس of water أَصْنَاع; (see حِبْسٌ, of which احباس is the pl.;) for I do not find ↓ مَصْنَعَةٌ thus expl. in any lexicon except the TA:] and ↓ صَنَّاعَةٌ, with teshdeed, and ↓ صَنَاعٌ, (O, K,) like سَحَابٌ, (K,) accord. to Lth, (O,) signify pieces of wood [or planks or boards] put together in water, to confine the water, and retain it for a while; (O, K;) like the حِبَاسَة [q. v.]. (O.) b2: See also مَصْنَعَةٌ, in two senses. b3: Also A manufactured thing (K, TA) of any kind, (TA,) such as a سُفْرَة [q. v.], (K, TA,) &c. (TA.) b4: And (tropical:) A garment. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, TA.) You say, رَأَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ صِنْعًا جَيِّدًا (tropical:) [I saw upon him a goodly garment]. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, TA.) b5: And (tropical:) A turban. (IAar, O, K, TA.) b6: And The [iron instrument with which flesh-meat is roasted, called] سَفُّود. (O, TS, K.) El-Marrár El-Fak'asee says, describing camels, وَجَآءَتْ وَرُكْبَانُهَا كَالشُّرُوبِ وَسَائِقُهَا مِثْلُ صِنْعِ الشِّوَآء

[And they came, their riders being like drinkers, or drunkards, and their driver like the سَفُّود of roasted flesh-meat]. (O.) In the L, السود is put in the place of السفّود; and after citing the verse above, [and app. reading مِثْلَ, regarding it as relating to the camels,] the author says that the poet means, سُودَ الأَلْوَانِ. (TA.) b7: And Roasted flesh-meat [itself]; syn. شِوَآءٌ. (So in copies of the K. [SM says that the right reading, as the explanation of الصِّنْعُ in this instance, is الشَّوَا; and cites IAar as saying الصِّنْعُ الشَّوَا نَفْسُهُ: but I think that the right reading is indicated by the addition نَفْسُهُ to be الشِّوَآءُ; and that IAar gives this signification after mentioning that which here next precedes it.]) رَجُلٌ صَنَعٌ, (Mgh, L, Msb,) and رَجُلٌ صَنَعُ اليَدَيْنِ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) and صَنَعُ اليَدِ, (Th, TA,) and اليَدَيْنِ ↓ صِنْعُ, (S, O, K,) and اليَدِ ↓ صِنْعُ, (TA,) and اليَدِ ↓ صُنْعُ, (IB, TA,) and Sh is related to have said, ↓ رَجُلٌ صَنْعٌ, (TA,) and اليَدَيْنِ ↓ صَنِيعُ, (S, O, K,) and اليَدِ ↓ صَنِيعُ, (TA,) and اليَدَيْنِ ↓ صَنَاعُ, (K,) and اليَدِ ↓ صَنَاعُ, but not صَنَاعٌ alone when applied to a male, (TA,) A man skilful in the work of the hands or hand: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA:) and a company of men you term الأَيْدِى ↓ قَوْمٌ صُنْعَى and ↓ صُنُعَى

الأَيْدِى, and الأَيْدِى ↓ صَنَعَى, and الأَيْدِى ↓ صِنْعَى, (K,) [all of which are instances of quasi-pl. ns., except, perhaps, the last, which is said in the TA to be a pl. of ↓ صِنْع,] and أَصْنَاعُ الأَيْدِى, (K, [in the CK, erroneously, اَصْنَاعِى,]) which is pl. of اليَدِ ↓ صِنْعُ or of اليَدِ ↓ صَنِيعُ, or, accord. to Sh, as IB says, the only pl. of ↓ صِنْعٌ is صِنْعُونَ, and in like manner in the case of ↓ صُنْع you say صُنْعُو اليَدِ, (TA,) and رِجَالٌ صُنُعٌ is mentioned as on the authority of Sb, (K,) and Sh is related to have said قَوْمٌ صَنْعُونَ, [using the latter word as pl. of ↓ صَنْعٌ,] with the ن quiescent. (TA.) And you say ↓ اِمْرَأَةٌ صَنَاعٌ, (ISk, Mgh, Msb, TA,) and اليَدَيْنِ ↓ صَنَاعُ, (S, O, K,) and اليَدِ ↓ صَنَاعُ, (IJ, TA,) an instance of an epithet applied to a woman like كَعَابٌ and رَدَاحٌ and حَصَانٌ, (TA,) the ا of prolongation before the final letter resembling, and rendering needless, the ة in صَنَعَةٌ, (IJ, TA,) which is not allowable, (IJ, * Mgh, Msb, TA, *) though an instance of it occurs used on the ground of analogy: (Mgh:) A woman skilful in the work of the hands or hand; (ISk, S, O, K, TA;) who makes things in a suitable manner; who sews, and cuts out or makes, leathern buckets; (ISk, TA;) contr. of خَرْقَآءُ; (Mgh, Msb;) and ↓ اِمْرَأَةٌ صَنِيعَةٌ signifies the same: (TA:) and اِمْرَأَتَانِ صَنَاعَانِ: and نِسْوَةٌ صُنُعٌ. (S, O, K.) Th preferred صَنَعُ اليَدِ as applied to a man; and اليَدِ ↓ صَنَاعُ as applied to a woman. (IB, TA.) Accord. to IDrst, صَنَعٌ is an inf. n. used as an epithet. (TA. [But see 1, last sentence.]) It is said in a prov., ثَلَّةً ↓ لَا تَعْدَمُ صَنَاعٌ [expl. in art. ثل]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] one says of a poet, and of any one who is eloquent, رَجُلٌ صَنَعُ الِلّسَانِ (tropical:) [A man skilful in the use of the tongue]: and in like manner, لِسَانٌ صَنَعٌ (tropical:) [a skilful tongue]. (K, TA.) And اللِّسَانِ ↓ اِمْرَأَةٌ صَنَاعُ (assumed tropical:) A woman sharp-tongued: or long-tongued: syn. سَلِيطَة. (TA.) صَنِعٌ: see صَنِيعٌ, last sentence.

صَنْعَةٌ Work or handiwork, an art, a craft or handicraft, or a trade; (KL;) as also ↓ صِنَاعَةٌ: (KL, PS:) any habitual work or occupation of a man; as also حِرْفَةٌ; (K in art. حرف;) [and so ↓ صِنَاعَةٌ, as is indicated in the K voce حِرْفَةٌ; whence] one says, صِنَاعَتُهُ رِعَايَةُ الإِبِلِ [His habitual work or occupation, or his business, is the tending, or pasturing, of camels]: (M, and K in art. رعى:) or صَنْعَةٌ [more particularly] signifies the work of the صَانِع; (S, O, K;) [a manufacture, or work of art; and workmanship, or the skill of a worker, which last meaning is plainly indicated in the O, and by common usage:] and ↓ صِنَاعَةٌ, the حِرْفَة [i. e. craft, or habitual work or occupation,] of the صَانِع, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, * K,) meaning of him who works with his hand: (Mgh:) the pl. of ↓ صِنَاعَةٌ is [صَنَائِعُ and] صِنَاعَاتٌ. (KL.) b2: It is also an inf. n. of 1 as used in the phrase صَنَعْتُ فَرَسِى [q. v.]. (S, O, K, TA.) أَسْهُمٌ صُنْعَةٌ, with damm, Arrows that are equal, equable, uniform, or even, the work of one man. (TA.) [Perhaps صُنْعَةٌ is a quasi-pl. n. of صَنِيعٌ applied to an arrow.]

صُنْعَى and صِنْعَى and صَنَعَى and صُنْعَى: see صَنَعٌ.

صَنَاعٌ: see صِنْعٌ: A2: and see also صَنَعٌ, in eight places.

صُنُوعٌ in a sense in which it is used in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb is a pl. of which ISd says, “I know not any sing. thereof: ” accord. to Skr, it means The خُرَز [app. either the seams or the stitch-holes] of a مَزَادَة or of an إِدَاوَة: or, as some say, the thongs used in the sewing thereof: and some say the making thereof, so that in this case it is an inf. n. (TA.) صَنِيعٌ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (MA.) b2: and i. q. ↓ مَصْنُوعٌ [meaning Made, wrought, manufactured, fabricated, or constructed: or made, &c., skilfully, or well: see 1, first sentence]. (TA.) b3: [Hence,] (tropical:) Food (O, K, TA) that is made, or prepared, and to which people are invited; (TA;) and ↓ مَصْنَعَةٌ signifies [the same, i. e.] (tropical:) a repast, feast, or banquet, to which friends are invited: (O, K, TA:) one says, كُنْتُ فِى صَنِيعِ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) I was at the repast of such a one, made, or prepared, by him, to which people were invited: and ↓ المَصْنَعَةِ (tropical:) the repast to which friends were invited. (TA.) And (i. e. the former word) (tropical:) Food prepared to be dispensed in the way, or cause, of God. (TA.) b4: Also, applied to a sword, Polished, (S, O, K, TA,) and proved by experience; and so applied to an arrow: (K, TA:) or, applied to a sword, frequently renovated by polishing: (A, TA:) pl. صُنُعٌ. (TA.) b5: And, applied to a horse, (tropical:) Well tended; (S, O, K, TA;) supplied with fodder, and fattened. (TA.) And [in like manner it is applied to a human being:] one says, هُوَ صَنِيعِى (tropical:) He is the person whom I have reared; and whom I have educated, disciplined, or trained, well; (O, K, TA;) and so ↓ صَنِيعَتِى; (S, * O, K, TA;) and فُلَانٍ ↓ هُوَ مُصْطَنَعَةُ (tropical:) he is the person whom such a one has reared; &c. (Z, TA.) b6: And (tropical:) A goodly and clean garment. (A, L, TA.) b7: And A deed, or an action; (S, O, K, KL;) and so ↓ صَنِيعَةٌ: (Ham p. 198:) one says, صَنَعَ بِهِ صَنِيعًا قَبِيحًا He did to him an evil, or a foul, deed: (S, O, K:) and ↓ سُوْءُ صَنِيعَةٍ means The evil [consequence] of a deed. (Ham ubi suprà.) and [particularly] A good deed, a benefit, favour, or kind act; (O, K, TA;) and so ↓ صَنِيعَةٌ: (S, * O, Msb, K:) [see a verse cited voce مَصْنَعٌ:] pl. [of either, of the latter agreeably with rule,] صَنَائِعُ. (O, K.) A2: Also Skilful in work of the hands or hand: (S, O, K, TA:) fem. [in this sense] with ة. (TA.) See صَنَعٌ, in four places. Accord. to IDrst, ↓ صَنِعٌ [likewise] signifies Skilled, or skilful, as part. n. of صَنِعَ; but IB says that صَنِعَ has not been heard. (TA.) صِنَاعَةٌ: see صَنْعَةٌ, in four places. The saying of 'Alee, يُؤْخَذُ مِنْ كُلِّ صِنَاعَةٍ صِنَاعَتُهُ, if correctly related, means يُؤْخَذُ مِنْ كُلِّ ذِى صِنَاعَةٍ مَصْنُوعُهُ [From every one possessing skill in manufacture should be taken, or procured, that which he has manufactured: or perhaps مِنْ is a mistake for عَنْ, and the meaning is, from every craftsman is to be acquired his craft]. (Mgh.) صَنِيعَةٌ: see صَنِيعٌ, latter half, in four places.

صَنَاعِيَةٌ Persons who tend their camels well, and fatten the young ones thereof, and give not their camels' milk to guests: occurring in a verse of 'Ámir Ibn-Et-Tufeyl. (TA, in this art. and in art. صلمع.) صَنَائِعِىٌّ: see صَانِعٌ.

صَنَّاعٌ [An expert صَانِع i. e. manufacturer &c.] (TA. [There mentioned only as a proper name, or surname.]) صَنَّاعَةٌ: see صِنْعٌ, former half.

صَانِعٌ A handicraftsman; manufacturer; or worker, or maker, with his hand; (S, * Mgh, O, * Msb, * K;) or one having a صَنْعَة [i. e. craft &c.] which he exercises; (TA;) [an artificer, or artisan;] and ↓ صَنَائِعِىٌّ is [used in the same sense, and particularly as meaning one who works for hire under a master; being] a rel. n. from صَنَائِعُ [pl. of صِنَاعَةٌ], like أَنْمَاطِىٌّ and أَنْصَارِىٌّ: (TA:) the pl. of صَانِعٌ is صُنَّاعٌ. (Msb, TA.) صَوْنَعٌ: see صَنْعٌ.

أَصْنَعُ [More, or most, skilled in working with the hands, manufacturing, fabricating, or constructing]. See an ex. voce سُرْفَةٌ, and another voce تَنَوُّطٌ.

مَصْنَعٌ [may be sued, agreeably with analogy, as an inf. n.: and as a n. of place, and of time]. A poet says, إِنَّ الصَّنِيعَةَ لا تَكُونُ صَنِيعَةً

حَتَّى يُصَابَ بِهَا طَرِيقُ المَصْنَعِ [which may be rendered Verily that which is a good deed considered abstractedly, or without relation to the manner or object &c., will not be a good deed in effect except, or unless, the way of the doing, or the way that leads to the place (here meaning the object) of the doing, be rightly hit upon therewith]. (O, TA.) b2: In the following verse of Náfi' Ibn-Lakeet, (TA in this art. and in art. ريش,) wrongly ascribed by J [in arts.

ريش and مرط] to Lebeed, (TA in art. ريش,) and ascribed by others to other poets, (TA in art. مرط,) it is expl. by IAar as signifying A place that is deemed goodly [in workmanship]; syn. مُسْتَمْلَحٌ [a n. of place, accord. to a general rule, as well as pass. part. n.: or مَصْنَعٌ may be here more literally rendered a place of skilful workmanship]: the poet says, مُرُطُ القِذَاذِ فَلَيْسَ فِيهِ مَصْنَعٌ لَا الرِّيشُ يَنْفَعُهُ وَلَا التَّعْقِيبُ (TA in the present art.) meaning Having no feathers upon it, [and having in it no place exhibiting skilful workmanship, neither the feathers being of use to it] nor the binding around with sinews. (TA in art. ريش.) b3: See also what here follows.

مَصْنَعَةٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and مَصْنُعَةٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ مَصْنَعٌ (O, Msb, K) [A kind of tank, or reservoir, for rain-water; i. e.] a thing like a حَوْض, (S, Mgh, O, K, TA,) or like a صِهْرِيج (Msb, TA) and a بِرْكَة, (Msb,) that is made, or constructed, (Mgh, Msb,) for collecting the water of the rain: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA:) pl. مَصَانِعُ, (O, Msb, K, TA,) a pl. of all the three words above, expl. by As as meaning excavations which people make for the rain-water, which they fill therewith, and from which they drink; and مَصَانِيعُ is another pl. of مَصْنَعَةٌ, the ى being inserted by poetic license; or it may be pl. of ↓ مَصْنُوعٌ or مَصْنُوعَةٌ: and ↓ صِنْعٌ [in like manner] signifies a حَوْض or a thing like a صِهْرِيج: and صُنُوعٌ is said to be a pl. thereof: (TA:) or صِنْعٌ signifies a watering-trough, or tank, made for the rain-water, and not cased with baked bricks; and its pl. is أَصْنَاعٌ. (TA voce بِرْكَةٌ.) See also صِنْعٌ, in two places. b2: [The pl.] مَصَانِعُ signifies also Constructions such as قُصُور [or pavilions, &c.], (O, K,) and fortresses; (S, O, K;) and ↓ صِنْعٌ also signifies a fortress: and the former, wells also. (TA.) And Towns, or villages, are thus called, (O, K,) by the Arabs, accord. to As: sing. مَصْنَعَةٌ: (O, TA:) one says, هُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ المَصَانِعِ, meaning He is of the people of the towns, or villages, and of the cultivated land. (A, TA.) Also Places set apart for horses, away from the tents or houses: sing. مَصْنَعَةٌ. (AHn, TA.) [In Abul. Ann. ii. 42, where it seems to mean “ reservoir for rain-water,” Reiske renders it “ Hospitia publica. ”]

A2: See also صَنِيعٌ, in two places.

مَصْنُوعٌ: see صَنِيعٌ, and مَصْنَعَةٌ. b2: Also (assumed tropical:) [Fabricated, as applied to speech or a saying or sentence: a phrase, or word,] innovated, [or coined,] and given by its author as chaste (فَصِيح) Arabic; differing from مُوَلَّدٌ, which is applied to what is not so given: (Mz, 21st نوع:) forged, as applied to a word, and poetry. (Id. 8th نوع.) هُوَ مُصْطَنَعَةُ فُلَانٍ: see صَنِيعٌ.

صدق

1 صَدَقَ, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (M, TA,) inf. n. صِدْقٌ (S, * M, O, * Msb, K, TA) and صَدْقٌ, (M, K,) the former of which is the more chaste, (TA,) or the latter is an inf. n. and the former is a simple subst., (K,) and تَصْدَاقٌ (M) and مَصْدُوقَةٌ, (O, K, TA,) which is one of the [few] inf. ns. of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ, (O, TA,) [or a fem. pass. part. n. used as an inf. n. like as is said of its contr.

مَكْذُوبَةٌ,] he spoke, said, uttered, or told, truth, or truly, or veraciously; contr. of كَذَبَ: (Msb: [and in like manner it is said in the S and M and O and K that صِدْقٌ is the contr. of كَذِبٌ:]) Er-Rághib says that صِدْقٌ and كَذِبٌ are primarily in what is said, whether relating to the past or to the future, and [in the latter case] whether it be a promise or other than a promise; and only in what is said in the way of information: but sometimes they are in other modes of speech, such as asking a question, and commanding, and supplicating; as when one says, “Is Zeyd in the house? ” for this implies information of his being ignorant of the state of Zeyd; and when one says, “ Make me to share with thee, or to be equal with thee,” for this implies his requiring to be made to share with the other, or to be made equal with him; and when one says, “Do not thou hurt me,” for this implies that the other is hurting him: صِدْقٌ, he says, is [by implication] the agreeing of what is said with what is conceived in the mind and with the thing told of, together; otherwise it is not complete صِدْق, but may be described either as صِدْق or sometimes as صِدْق and sometimes as كَذِب according to two different points of view; as when one says without believing it, “Mohammad is the Apostle of God,” for this may be termed صِدْق because what is told is such, and it may be termed كَذِب because it is at variance with what the speaker conceives in his mind. (TA.) One says, صَدَقَ فِى الحَدِيثِ [He spoke truth in the information, or narration]. (S, O, K.) And صَدَقَهُ i. e. He told him, or informed him, with truth, or veracity, (AHeyth, * M, Msb, *) فِى القَوْلِ [in the saying]; for it is trans. as well as intrans. (Msb.) And صَدَقَهُ الحَدِيثَ (S, O, K, in the CK [erroneously] صَدَّقَ فُلانًا الحَدِيثَ) He told him with truth, or veracity, the information, or narration; for it is sometimes doubly trans. (TA.) And صَدَقَنِى سِنَّ بَكْرِهِ [He hath told me truly the age, or as to the age, of his youthful camel; or صَدَقَنِى سِنُّ بَكْرِهِ the age of his youthful camel has spoken truly to me]: (S, O, K:) a prov., (S, O,) expl. in art. بكر [q. v.]. (K.) And فُلَانٌ لَا يَصْدُقُ أَثَرُهُ and أَثَرَهُ, meaning Such a one, when asked, will not tell truly whence he comes. (M.) And صَدَقَتْ يَمِينُهُ His oath was, or proved, true. (Msb in art. بت.) صَدَقْتُ اللّٰهَ حَدِيثًا إِنْ لَمْ أَفْعَلْ كَذَا is an oath of the Arabs, meaning لَا صَدَقْتُ الخ [May I not utter truly to God a saying, i. e. may I not speak truth to God, if I do not such a thing]. (AHeyth, O, K.) One says also, صَدَقَهُ النَّصِيحَةَ, and الإِخَآءَ, He rendered to him truly, or sincerely, good advice, and brotherly affection. (M.) And صَدَ قُوهُمُ القِتَالَ (S, M, K, * TA) [They gave them battle earnestly, not with a false show of bravery; as is implied in the S, and M, and K; i. e.] they advanced against them boldly in fight: (M, TA:) and in like manner, صَدَقُوا فِى القِتَالِ they advanced boldly in fight: or, accord. to Er-Rághib, the former means they gave them battle so as to fulfil their duty: and hence, in the Kur [xxxiii. 23], رِجَالٌ صَدَقُوا مَا عَاهَدُوا اللّٰهَ عَلَيْهِ, Men who fulfilled the covenant that they had made with God. (TA.) And صَدَقَ اللِّقَآءَ, inf. n. صِدْقٌ, He was firm, or steady, in encounter, or conflict. (M, TA.) and صَدَقَ ظَنِّى My opinion was, or proved, true, or correct, like as one says [in the contrary case], كَذَبَ: (Er-Rághib, TA:) whence, in the Kur [xxxiv. 19], وَلَقَدْ صَدَقَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِبْلِيسُ ظَنَّهُ, meaning فِى ظَنِّهِ [i. e. And assuredly Iblees was, or proved to be, correct in his opinion that he had formed against them]: but some read ↓ صَدَّقَ, meaning, as Fr says, حَقَّقَ [i. e. Iblees proved, or found, to be true, his opinion &c.]. (TA.) and صَدَقَتْهُ نَفْسُهُ His soul [told him truth; meaning,] diverted him, or hindered him, or held him back, from an undertaking, causing him to imagine himself unable to prosecute it. (TA in art. كذب.) And صَدَقَ الصُّبْحُ [The dawn shone clearly]. (S in art. سقط.) [And one says of a word or the like, يَصْدُقُ عَلَى كَذَا, meaning It applies correctly to such a thing.] b2: صَدَقَ الوَحْشِىُّ: see 2, near the end.2 صدّقهُ, (S, M, O, &c.,) inf. n. تَصْدِيقٌ, contr. of كَذَّبَهُ. (O, * K.) [This explanation implies several meanings here following.] He attributed, or ascribed, to him truth, veracity, or the speaking truth. (Msb.) And He said to him, “Thou hast spoken truth. ” (Msb.) He accepted, or admitted, [or assented to, or believed,] what he said: (M:) you say, صدّقهُ فِى حَدِيثِهِ [He accepted, &c., what he said in his information, or narration]: (S:) and you say صدّق بِلِسَانِهِ [He assented to the truth of what was said with his tongue]; as well as بِقَلْبِهِ [with his heart, or mind]. (T in art. اَمن.) He held him to be a speaker of truth. (MA.) [He found him to be a speaker of truth. He, or it, proved him to be a speaker of truth; verified him; or confirmed the truth of what he said: see an ex. in a verse cited voce بَيْنٌ.] He found it (an opinion) to be true, or veritable. (Ksh and Bd and Jel, in xxxiv. 19.) He verified it; confirmed its truth; or proved it to be true, or veritable; i. e. an opinion [&c.]; syn. حَقَّقَهُ: (Ksh and Bd, ibid.:) one says, صَدَّقَ الخَبَرَ الخُبْرُ [The trial, proof, or test, verified the information]. (S in art. خبر.) See 1, near the end. In the saying in the Kur [xxxix. 34], وَالَّذِى جَآءَ بِالصِّدْقِ وَصَدَّقَ بِهِ, [which seems to be best rendered But he who hath brought the truth and he who hath accepted it as the truth, (see كَذَّبَ بِالأَمْرِ,)] 'Alee the son of Aboo-Tálib is related to have said that by الذى جآء بالصدق is meant Mohammad; and by الذى صدّق به, Aboo-Bekr: or, as some say, Gabriel and Mohammad [are meant by the former and the latter respectively]: or by the former, Mohammad; and by the latter, [every one of] the believers: (M:) accord. to Er-Rághib, by وصدّق به is meant and hath found, or proved, to be true (حَقَّقَ) that which he hath brought by word, by that which he hath aimed at (بِمَا تَحَرَّاهُ) by deed. (TA.) b2: صدّق is also said to signify He said, “This thing is the truth; ” like حَقَّقَ. (TA in art. حق.) b3: And this verb also denotes المُبَالَغَةُ فِى الصِّدْقِ: thus in the saying, صَدَّقَتْ فِيهِمْ ظُنُونِى

[My opinions respecting them were, or proved to be, very true or correct]. (Ksh, in xxxiv. 19.) b4: صدّق الوَحْشِىُّ, (O, K, TA,) or ↓ صَدَقَ, (so in a copy of the M,) (tropical:) The wild animal ran without looking aside, when charged upon, or attacked: (M, O, K, TA:) mentioned by IDrd. (O, TA.) A2: صَدَّقَهُمْ He exacted from them the poor-rate. (TA. [See صَدَقَةٌ.]) b2: See also 5.3 صَادَقْتُهُ, (M,) inf. n. مُصَادَقَةٌ (S, M, O, K) and صِدَاقٌ, (M, O, K,) the latter like كِتَابٌ, (TA, [in the CK erroneously written صَداق,]) I acted, or associated, with him as a friend, or as a true, or sincere, friend. (S, * M, O, * K. *) [See also 6.]4 اصدق المَرْأَةَ He named for the woman a صَدَاق [or dowry]: (S, M, * O, K:) or he gave her her صَدَاق: (M, * Msb:) or he appointed her, or assigned her, a صَدَاق, on taking her as his wife: (TA:) and he married her, or took her as his wife, on the condition of his giving her a صَدَاق. (Msb.) And sometimes this verb is doubly trans.; whence, in a trad., مَا ذَا تُصْدِقُهَا فَقَالَ إِزَارِى [It was said, “What is it that thou meanest for her, or givest her, as her dowry? ” and he said, “My waist-wrapper ”]. (Mgh.) 5 تصدّق عَلَيْهِ He gave him (i. e. the poor, Mgh, Msb) what is termed صَدَقَة, (M, Mgh, Msb,) meaning [an alms, or] what is given for the sake of God, (M,) or what is given with the desire of obtaining a recompense from God: (M, * Mgh:) and عليه ↓ صَدَّقَ signifies the same; (M, TA;) and in this sense صدّق is [said by some to be] used in the Kur lxxv. 31. (TA.) Hence, in the Kur [xii. 88], وَتَصَدَّقْ عَلَيْنَا: (TA:) or this means (assumed tropical:) And do thou confer a favour upon us by giving that which is [not like the mean merchandise that we have brought, but of middling quality,] between good and bad. (M.) One says, تَصَدَّقْتُ بِكَذَا, meaning I gave such a thing as a صَدَقَة. (Msb.) See an ex. voce شِقٌّ.

The saying, in a trad., إِنَّ اللّٰهَ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَيْكُمْ بِثُلُثِ

أَمْوَالِكُمْ, meaning (tropical:) [Verily God] hath conferred a favour [upon you by giving you a third of your possessions to bequeath to whom ye will], if correct, is tropical. (Mgh.) b2: It is said by Ibn-Es-Seed, on the authority of Az and IJ, and mentioned by IAmb, that تصدّق signifies also He asked, or begged, for what is termed صَدَقَة [or alms]: but Fr and As and others disallow the beggar's being called مُتَصَدِّق: (Az, TA:) IKt says that the verb is improperly used in this sense by the vulgar: (Msb:) [and accord. to J and Sgh,] one says, مَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ يَسْأَلُ, and one should not say يَتَصَدَّقُ. (S, O.) 6 تَصَادُقٌ signifies The acting, or associating, as friends, or as true, or sincere, friends, one with another. (K. [See also 3.]) And I. q. صِدْقٌ: (TA:) [or rather mutual صِدْق; contr. of تَكَاذُبٌ:] one says, تَصَادَقَا فِى الحَدِيثِ and فِى المَوَدَّةِ (S, O, TA) They were true, or sincere, each to the other, in information, or narration, and in love, or affection; contr. of تَكَاذَبَا. (O, TA.) صَدْقٌ is an inf. n. of صَدَقَ [q. v.]: (M, K:) b2: and is used as an epithet, applied to a man &c.: (S, M, O, K, TA:) [and] ↓ صِدْقٌ [also, if not a mistranscription for صَدْقٌ,] is an inf. n. used as an epithet, applied to a man and to a woman: (so in a copy of the M and in the TA:) [it is said that] the former signifies Hard, (S, M, O, Msb,) applied to a spear, (S, M, O,) and to other things: (M:) or even, or straight; (S, O;) or it signifies thus also, applied to a spear, and to a sword: (M:) or hard and even or straight, applied to a spear, (K, TA,) and to a man, (K,) or to the latter as meaning hard: or, as IB says, on the authority of IDrst, it is not from hardness, but means combining those qualities that are commended; and it is applied to a spear as meaning long and pliant and hard, and the like; and to a man, and to a woman likewise [without ة, but see what follows], as meaning true in hardness and strength and goodness; for, IDrst says, if it meant hard, one would say حَجَرٌ صَدْقٌ and حَدِيدٌ صَدْقٌ, which one does not: (TA:) and, applied to anything, (O, K, TA,) it means complete, or perfect, (Kh, O, K, TA,) thus applied to a man, (TA,) such as is commended; (O;) fem. with ة, (O, K, TA,) applied to a woman: (O:) the pl. is صُدْقٌ, applied to a company of men, (S, O, K,) and صُدُقٌ (K) and صَدْقُونَ, so applied, and صَدْقَاتٌ applied to women: (O, K:) and Ru-beh says, describing asses, مَقْذُوذَةُ الآذَانِ صَدْقَاتُ الحَدَقْ meaning [Rounded, as though pared, in the ears,] penetrating in the eyes; (O, TA;) which is [said to be] tropical. (TA.) صَدْقٌ signifies also Firm, or steady, in encounter, or conflict: (M:) or one says صَدْقُ اللِّقَآءِ, applying this epithet to a man, (S, O, K, TA,) meaning thus: (TA:) and صَدْقُ النَّظَرِ [firm, or steady, in look]. (S, O, K, TA. [Said in the TA to be tropical.]) صِدْقٌ is an inf. n. of صَدَقَ [q. v.]: (M, K, &c.:) or a simple subst., (K,) signifying [Truth; veracity; or] agreement of what is said with what is conceived in the mind and with the thing told of, together; otherwise it is not complete صِدْق, as expl. above in the first paragraph of this art. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b2: It is also syn. with شِدَّةٌ [meaning Hardness; firmness, compactness, or soundness; strength, power, or force; vigour, robustness, sturdiness, or hardiness; and courage, bravery, or firmness of heart]: (K, TA: [in the latter of which it is said to be tropical; but this is evidently not the case accord. to the O, in which it is said that it radically denotes قُوَّةٌ (i. e. strength, force, &c.,) in a saying &c.: in the K it is implied by the context that it is syn. with شِدَّة when used as the complement of a prefixed n. in instances mentioned in what here follows: but Sgh says, more correctly,]) a noun signifying anything to which goodness is attributed is prefixed to صِدْق, governing it in the gen. case; so that one says (O) رَجُلُ صِدْقٍ (Sb, M, O, K) [A man of good nature or disposition or character &c.], contr. of رَجُلُ سَوْءٍ; (Sb, M;) and صَدِيقُ صِدْقٍ [a friend of good nature &c.]; (O, K;) and likewise اِمْرَأَةُ صِدْقٍ [a woman of good nature &c.]; (K;) and in like manner also حِمَارُ صِدْقٍ

[an ass of a good kind]; (Sb, M, K;) and ثَوْبُ صِدْقٍ [a garment, or piece of cloth, of good quality]. (Sb, M.) The saying in the Kur [x. 93], (O,) وَلَقَدْ بَوَّأْنَا بَنِى اِسْرَائِيلَ مُبَوَّأَ صِدْقٍ meansAnd verily we assigned to the Children of Israel a good place of abode. (O, K.) b3: See also صَدْقٌ.

صَدْقَةٌ: see صَدَاقٌ; each in two places.

صُدْقَةٌ: see صَدَاقٌ; each in two places.

صَدَقَةٌ [An alms; i. e.] a gift (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K) to the poor (S, O, Msb) for the sake of God, (M, K,) or to obtain a recompense from God; (M, * Mgh, K; *) a portion which a man gives forth from his property by way of propitiation, [to obtain the favour of God,] like زَكَاةٌ, except that the former is primarily applied to such as as is supererogatory, and the latter to such as is obligatory: but it is said to be applied to such as is obligatory [i. e. to the زَكَاة, q. v., meaning the poor-rate, which is the portion, or amount, of property, that is given therefrom, as the due of God, by its possessor, to the poor, according to a fixed rate,] when the person who does so aims at conformity with the truth in his deed: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [in this latter sense, which is indicated in the S and O &c., and more plainly in the M, it is very frequently used:] and thus it is used in the Kur ix. 104, and in like manner its pl. in ix. 60: (Er-Rághib, TA:) the pl. is صَدَقَاتٌ. (S, M, O, Msb.) It is said in a trad., لَا صَدَقَةَ فِى الإِبِلِ الجَارَّةِ [There is no poorrate in the case of working camels], because they are the riding-camels of the people; for the poorrate is in the case of pasturing camels, exclusively of the working. (S in art. جر.) b2: See also صَدَاقٌ.

صَدُقَةٌ: see صَدَاقٌ, in two places.

صُدُقَةٌ: see the next paragraph.

صَدَاقٌ and ↓ صِدَاقٌ, (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) the former of which is the most common of the dial. vars. here mentioned, (Msb,) [but] the latter is [said to be] more chaste than the former, (Mgh,) and ↓ صَدُقَةٌ, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) of the dial. of El-Hijáz, (Msb,) and ↓ صُدْقَةٌ, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) of the dial. of Temeem, (Msb,) and ↓ صَدْقَةٌ (M, O, Msb, K) and ↓ صُدُقَةٌ (M, O, K) and ↓ صَدَقَةٌ, (M, K,) The مَهْر (S, M, Mgh, O, K) of a woman; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) [i. e. a dowry; nuptial gift; or gift that is given to, or for, a bride:] the pl. of صداق is صُدُقٌ, (M, Mgh, Msb,) a pl. of mult., (M,) or صُدْقٌ, (O,) or both, (K,) and أَصْدِقَةٌ, a pl. of pauc., (M,) or this is accordant to analogy, but has not been heard; (Mgh;) the pl. of ↓ صَدُقَةٌ is صَدُقَاتٌ; (S, Msb, K;) the pl. of ↓ صُدْقَةٌ is صُدْقَاتٌ and صُدَقَاتٌ and صُدُقَاتٌ, (O, * Msb, K,) which last is the worst; (K;) and the pl. of ↓ صَدْقَةٌ is صُدَقٌ, (Msb,) or صَدْقَاتٌ [by rule صَدَقَاتٌ]. (O.) صِدَاقٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

صَدُوقٌ Having the quality of speaking, saying, uttering, or telling, truth, or truly, or veraciously, in a high, or an eminent, degree; very, or eminently, true or veracious: (Msb:) pl. صُدُقٌ and صُدْقٌ. (K.) See also أَصْدَقُ.

صَدِيقٌ A friend: (O, K:) or a true, or sincere, friend: (S, M, Msb, TA:) applied likewise to a female, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) as also صَدِيقَةٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) the former anomalous, the latter regular; (MF;) and to a pl. number, (S, M, O, K,) as in the Kur xxvi. 101 (M) [and in several other instances, of which see one in a verse cited voce رَوِىٌّ]: its proper pl. is أَصْدِقَآءُ (S, M, O, K) and صُدَقَآءُ and صُدْقَانٌ, (M, K,) the last on the authority of Fr, (TA,) and أَصَادِقُ, (M, O, K,) which is a pl. pl., (K,) said by IDrd to be anomalous, unless it be a pl. pl.: (O:) and the dim. is ↓ صُدَيِّقٌ; one says, هُوَ صُدَيِّقِى, meaning He is the most special, or most distinguished, of my friends, or of my true, or sincere, friends. (S, O, K.) صَدَاقَةٌ Love, or affection: (K:) or truth, or sincerity, of love or affection: (TA:) or friendship, or friendliness; (S, M;) or true, or sincere, friendship or friendliness: (S, M, Msb:) or true firmness of heart in love or affection; an attribute of a human being only. (Er-Rághib, TA.) صُدَيِّقٌ dim. of صَدِيقٌ, q. v. (S, O, K.) صِدِّيقٌ One who speaks, says, utters, or tells, truth, or truly, or veraciously, much, or often: (Mgh, O, K:) [or rather having the quality of speaking, saying, uttering, or telling, truth, or truly, or veraciously, in a very high, or very eminent, degree; for] it has a more intensive signification than صَدُوقٌ [q. v.]: (TA:) or i. q. مُصَدِّقٌ [which may have the latter of the two meanings expl. above, or may mean one who accepts, or admits, the truth of what is said, or who verifies, &c.: or مُصَدِّق in a high, or an eminent, degree; for it is added that] the fem. as used in the Kur v. 79 means superlative in الصِّدْق and التَّصْدِيق; as a possessive epithet, i. e. ذَاتُ تَصْدِيقٍ: (M:) or it signifies دَائِمُ التَّصْدِيقِ [i. e. always مُصَدِّق in one or another or all of the senses assigned to this word above: it may be correctly rendered eminently, or always, veracious: and eminently, or always, accepting, or confirming, the truth]: and it may mean one who verifies his saying by deed, or act: (S:) it is said in the “ Mufradát ” [of Er-Rághib] that it has the first of the meanings expl. in this paragraph: or rather means, one who never lies: or rather, one by whom lying cannot be practised because of his habitual veracity: or rather, one who is true in his saying and his belief, and who confirms his truth by his deed, or acting. (TA.) صَادِقٌ Speaking, saying, uttering, or telling, truth, or truly, or veraciously; true in respect of speech &c., or veracious. (Msb, TA.) b2: صِدْقٌ صَادِقٌ is a phrase like شِعْرٌ شَاعِرٌ, meaning Eminent, and exalted, veracity. (M, TA. *) b3: And حَــمْلَةٌ صَادِقَةٌ [A charge, or an assault, made with earnestness, not with a false show of bravery,] is like the saying [in the contr. case] حَــمْلَةٌ كَاذِبَةٌ. (M, TA: * said in the latter to be tropical.) See also مَصْدَق, in two places. b4: One says also تَمْرٌ صَادِقُ الحَلَاوَةِ, meaning Very sweet dates. (IDrd, O.) b5: And بَرْدٌ صَادِقٌ Vehement, or intense, cold. (TA voce بَحْتٌ &c.) الصَّيْدَقُ The small star cleaving to the middle one of [those called] بَنَاتُ نَعْشٍ الكُبْرَى [which compose the tail of Ursa Major]; (Kr, M, TA;) [i. e. the star called السُّهَا, q. v.; for] it is said that the first of بنات نعش الكبرى, that is at the extremity thereof, is named القَائِدُ; and the second is العَنَاقُ, and by the side of it is a small star named السُّهَا and الصَّيْدَقُ; and the third is الحَوَرُ: (O:) or, accord. to AA, (O, TA,) the pole-star (القُطْبُ). (O, K, TA. [But this is strange; and the more so as it is added in the K that it is expl. in art. قود; for the explanation in that art. (though not free from obvious mistakes) identifies الصَّيْدَقُ with السُّهَا.]) b2: And, (K,) accord. to Sh, (O, TA,) it signifies الأَمِينُ [The trusted, trusted in, or confided in, &c.]. (O, K. [But it is added in the O that Sh cites a verse of Umeiyeh Ibn-Abi- s-Salt in which الأَمِينُ is applied as an epithet to the star called الصَيدق.]) b3: And, (K,) accord. to some, as AA says, (O,) it signifies The king. (O, K.) فَعَلَهُ فِى غِبِّ صَادِقَةٍ [in the CK فَعَلَهُ غِبَّ صادِقَةٍ] means He did it after the affair, or case, had become manifest to him. (IDrd, O, K, TA.) صُنْدُوقٌ, mentioned in this art. in the S and Msb: see art. صندق.

أَصْدَقُ [More, and most, true or veracious]. One says أَصْدَقُ مِنْ قَطَاةٍ [More veracious than a katáh]; because the bird thus called cries قَطَا قَطَا; [thus telling where it is to be found;] its name being imitative of its cry: (Meyd, and TA in art. قطو:) hence it is called by the Arabs ↓ الصَّدُوقُ: the saying is a prov. (Meyd.) ذُو مَصْدَقٍ, (JK, S, M, O,) with fet-h, (S,) or ↓ ذُو مِصْدَقٍ like مِنْبَر, (K,) applied to a man, (JK, M,) [i. e.] applied to a courageous man, (S, O, K,) means الحَــمْلَةِ ↓ صَادِقُ [Earnest, not making a false show of bravery, in the charge, or assault]; (JK, S, M, O, K;) or courageous [in the charge, or assault]: (JK:) مَصَادِقُ, occurring in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb, may be for ذَوُو مَصَادِقَ; or it may be an anomalous pl. of صِدْقٌ [used as an epithet], like مَلَامِحُ and مَشَابِهُ [pls. of لَمْحَةٌ and شَبَهٌ]. (M.) Also, (S, M, O, K,) applied to a horse, (M,) [i. e.] applied to a fleet and excellent horse, (S, O,) in like manner, (M,) meaning الجَرْىِ ↓ صَادِقُ [Earnest in running]; (S, O, K;) as though fulfilling his promise of running: (S, O: [said in the TA to be tropical:]) Khufáf Ibn-Nudbeh says, إِذَا مَا اسْتَحَمَّتْ أَرْضُهُ مِنْ سَمَائِهِ جَرَى وَهْوَ مَوْدُوعٌ وَوَاعِدُ مَصْدَقِ meaning When his hoofs are wetted with the sweat of his upper parts, he runs, being left to himself, not beaten nor chidden, and a fulfiller of his promise to do his utmost. (S, O.) And sometimes it is applied to an opinion, in like manner [as meaning True, or sincere]. (M.) b2: مَصْدَقٌ also signifies Hardness. (Th, M.) b3: Also i. q. حَدٌّ [as meaning The edge of a sword]: (TA:) [in a copy of the M written جِدّ, which I think an evident mistake; for it is added,] and it is said to have this meaning in a verse of Dureyd Ibn-Es- Simmeh [relating to a sword]. (M, TA.) مِصْدَق: see the next preceding paragraph.

مُصَدَّقٌ A man from whom the poor-rate (صَدَقَة) of his cattle is exacted. (TA.) مُصَدِّقٌ One who accepts, admits, assents to, or believes, another in his information, or narration. (S, TA.) A2: Also The exactor, or collector, (S, M, O, Msb, K, TA,) of the صَدَقَات, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) i. e. (TA) of the حُقُوق [or dues, meaning poor-rates], (M, TA,) of the cattle, (Msb,) or of the sheep or goats, (S, M, O, TA,) and of the camels, (M, O, TA,) for the persons to whom pertain the shares [thereof]. (TA.) مُصَّدِّقٌ: see مُتَصَدِّقٌ.

مِصْدَاقٌ A thing that confirms, or proves, the truth of a thing: (S, K:) [and] a verbal evidence of the truth, or veracity, of a man. (Har p. 106.) One says, هٰذَا مِصْدَاقُ هٰذَا This is what confirms, or proves, the truth of this. (S.) And شَىْءٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِصْدَاقٌ [A thing having nothing to verify it]. (IAar, TA in art. برق.) مَصْدُوقَةٌ [see 1, near the beginning]. One says لَيْسَ لِحَمْلَتِهِ مَصْدُوقَةٌ [meaning There is no earnestness attributable to his charge, or assault]; like as one says [in the contr. case], ليس لَهَا مَكْذُوبَةٌ. (M.) مُتَصَدِّقٌ One who gives what is termed صَدَقَة [meaning alms]: (S, O, Msb, K:) accord. to Kh, it means thus, and also one who asks [alms]; (O, TA;) and IAmb says the like; but Az says that the skilful of the grammarians disallow this; and thus say Fr and As and others: (TA:) [J, also, and Sgh and Fei, say that] it has only the former meaning: (S, O, Msb:) it is also pronounced ↓ مُصَّدِّقٌ, by substitution [of ص for ت] and incorporation [of one ص into the other]; (S, * O, * Msb, K; *) and this pronunciation of the pl. both masc. and fem. occurs in the Kur lvii. 17, (S, O, K,) where Ibn-Ketheer and Aboo-Bekr, differing from others, read without teshdeed to the ص. (O.)

سود

1 سَادَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. سِيَادَةٌ (Msb, TA) and سُودٌ and سُودَدٌ [and its vars. mentioned in the next sentence] and سَيْدُودَةٌ, (TA,) or سُودَدٌ is a simple subst. signifying as expl. below, (Msb,) He was, or became, [a سَيِّد, i. e. chief, lord, master, &c.; or] possessed of glory, honour, dignity, eminence, exalted or elevated state, or nobility. (Msb, TA.) b2: [It is also trans.:] you say, سَادَ قَوْمَهُ, (S, M, * A,) aor. ـُ (S, A,) inf. n. سِيَادَةٌ (S, M, K *) and سُودٌ (M, K *) and سُودَدٌ, (S, M, A, K *) in which last the [final] د is added to render the word quasi-coordinate to words of the measure فُعْلَلٌ, as جُنْدَبٌ and بُرْقَعٌ, (S,) and سُودُدٌ and سُؤْدَدٌ (M, TA *) and سُؤْدُدٌ, (M, K, *) of the dial. of Teiyi, (M,) and سَيْدُودَةٌ, (S, M,) He was, or became, the سَيِّد [or chief, lord, master, &c.,] of his people; (S;) [he ruled his people, or held dominion over them;] and ↓ اِسْتَادَهُمْ signifies the same. (M, L.) And سَادَهُ, inf. n. سِيَادَةٌ and سِيَادٌ and سُودَدٌ [&c.], He exercised rule, or dominion, over him. (MA.) [See also سُودَدٌ below.] b3: [Hence,] سَادَتْ نَاقَتِى المَطَايَا (tropical:) My she-camel left behind the [other] camels or beasts. (A, TA.) b4: سَاوَدَنِى فَسُدْتُهُ: see 3.

A2: سَوِدَ and سَادَ as syn. with اِسْوَدَّ: see this last, in three places.

A3: سَادَهُ as syn. with سَاوَدَهُ: see this latter.

A4: سَادَ, aor. ـُ also signifies He drank water such as is termed مَسْوَدَة, which occasions a disease termed سُوَادِ. (M, K.) b2: And سِيدَ, (M,) or سُئِدَ, like عُنِىَ, (K,) He was, or became, affected with السُّوَاد. (M, K. [In the former, the context indicates that this means here a disease that attacks the liver from eating dates: in the latter, that it here means a disease incident to sheep or goats.]) 2 سوّدهُ قَوْمُهُ, [inf. n. تَسْوِيدٌ,] His people made him a سَيِّد [i. e. chief, lord, &c.; generally meaning over them]. (S, M, * A.) It is said in a trad. of 'Omar, تَفَقَّهُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ تُسَوَّدُوا, (M,) or ↓ تَسَوَّدُوا [for تَتَسَوَّدُوا], (O,) meaning Learn ye knowledge, or science, before ye be [made] chiefs, looked at; for if ye learn not before that, ye will be ashamed to learn after becoming advanced in age, or attaining to full growth, (بَعْدَ الكِبَرِ,) and so will remain ignorant, taking it [i. e. knowledge] from the younger ones, and that will lower your estima-tion: (M:) or the meaning is, before ye be married, and become masters of houses, or tents, and be diverted by the marriage-state from [the acquisition of] knowledge, or science. (Sh, O.) [See also 5.] b2: سوّد also signifies He slew: (Az, TA:) or [the inf. n.] تَسْوِيدٌ signifies the slaying of سَادَة [i. e. chiefs, lords, &c., pl. of سَيِّدٌ]. (K.) b3: [And accord. to the K, تَسْوِيدٌ is also syn. with جُرْأَةٌ The being bold, daring, brave, or courageous: but accord. to the O, سَوَّدَ signifies خَرِئَ He voided his excrement, or ordure; as though from what next follows: which of these two explanations is right (for it seems improbable that both are right) I find no ex. to indicate.]

A2: سَوَّدْتُهُ, (S, M, * TA,) or سوّدته بِالسَّوَادِ, inf. n. تَسْوِيدٌ, (Msb,) I blackened it; made it, or rendered it, أَسْوَد [i. e. black]; (S, * M, Msb; *) I changed its بَيَاض [or whiteness] to سَوَاد [or blackness]. (TA.) b2: [Hence, سوّد وَجْهَهُ lit. He, or it, blackened his face: meaning (assumed tropical:) rendered his face expressive of sorrow, or displeasure; or grieved, or displeased, him: and also, disgraced him: see the contr. بَيَّضَ: and see also 9. b3: Hence also سوّد meaning He wrote anything in a rough manner, as one writes the first draught, or original copy, of a book or the like; contr. of بَيَّضَ in this sense also: probably post-classical.] b4: And سّود الإِبِلَ, (S, M, O,) inf. n. تَسْوِيدٌ, (S, K,) (assumed tropical:) He beat, or pounded, old worn-out hair-cloth, and applied it as a remedy to the galls, or sores, on the backs of the camels. (Fr, A'Obeyd, S, M, O, K. *) b5: And سَوِّدُوا ضَيْفَكُمْ (assumed tropical:) Feed ye your guest with something to allay the craving of his stomach before the morning-meal (الغَدَآء). (ElUmawee, TA in art. لهج.) 3 سَاْوَدَ ↓ سَاوَدَنِى فَسُدْتُهُ (S, A, K, * &c.) He vied with me, or contended with me for superiority, in the rank, or quality, or qualities, of a سَيِّد [or chief, lord, &c.], and I overcame, or surpassed, him therein: (S, A, L, K: *) A2: and also He vied with me in blackness, and I surpassed him therein. (S, L, K. *) b2: And ساودهُ, inf. n. سِوَادٌ, He met him in the blackness of the night. (M, L.) b3: And سَاوَدْتُهُ, (S, A, O,) inf. n. سِوَادٌ (S, O, K *) and مُسَاوَدَةٌ, (S,) (tropical:) I spoke secretly with him; (S, A, O, K; *) because you bring near your سَوَاد [or person] to his [when you so speak with another]; or [because] originally meaning I brought near my سَوَاد, i. e. person, to his: (S:) or ساودهُ, inf. n. سِوَادٌ, signifies he spoke secretly with him, and so brought near his سَوَاد to his [the other's]; as also ↓ سَادَهُ, inf. n. سَوْدٌ. (M.) It was said to the daughter of El-Khuss, Wherefore didst thou commit fornication? (S, O, L,) or What caused thee to commit fornication? or Wherefore didst thou become pregnant? (M, L,) thou being the mistress of thy people? (S, O, L:) and she answered, قُرْبُ الوِسَادِ وَطُولُ السِّوَادِ, (S, M, O, L, [in my two copies of the S قُرْبَ and طُولَ, as though a verb were understood,]) i. e. [The nearness of the pillow, and the long continuance of] secret speaking with another: (Lh, M, L:) or, as some say, السواد here means the enticing to جِمَاع: or, as others say, الجَمَاع itself [if the question put to her were the last mentioned above]. (M, L.) b4: ساودهُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) He acted deceitfully, or guilefully, with him: (K:) or he endeavoured to turn him [to a thing] by blandishment, or by deceitful arts; or to entice him; as shown above. (TA.) b5: And (assumed tropical:) He drove him away; namely, a lion. (O, K.) b6: And ساودت الإِبِلُ النَّبَاتَ (assumed tropical:) The camels laboured at the herbage with their lips, and could not master it, because of its shortness (O, K) and its scantiness. (K.) 4 أَسَادَ and أَسْوَدَ He begat a boy that was a سَيِّد [or chief, lord, &c.]: (S, O, K:) or they signify, (O, K,) or signify also, (S,) he begat a black boy: (S, O, K:) or he had a black child born to him: (M:) and اسودت she brought forth black children. (A.) 5 تسوّد He became married: (K:) or he became married, and master of a house, or tent. (Sh, O.) See 2, second sentence.8 إِسْتَوَدَ see 1. b2: استادوا بَنِى فُلَانٍ They slew the سَيِّد [or chief, lord, &c.,] of the sons of such a one: (Az, S, M, O, K:) or (so in the K, but in the S and O “ and in like manner ”) they took him captive: (S, O, K:) or they asked, or demanded, of him a woman in marriage. (IAar, S, M, O, K.) And استاد القَوْمَ, and فِى القَوْمِ, and مِنْهُمْ, He asked, or demanded, in marriage, a سَيِّدَة [or woman of rank or quality], among the people: (M:) or استاد فِى بَنِى فُلَانٍ, and مِنْهُمْ, he married one of the chief, or noble, women of the sons of such a one. (IAar, O.) And استاد He married among سَادَة [or chiefs, lords, &c.]. (L.) 9 اسوّد, (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. اِسْوِدَادٌ; (S, K;) and ↓ اسوادّ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. اِسوِيدَادٌ; (S, K;) and in poetry it is allowable to say ↓ اِسْوَأَدَّ, to avoid the concurrence of two quiescent letters; imperative [of ↓ the second] اِسْوَادِدْ, and the last two letters in this may be incorporated together [so that you may say اِسْوَادّ]; (S;) said of a thing; (S, Msb;) and ↓ سَوِدَ, (S, M, Msb,) said of a man, (S, TA,) and of a thing, (TA,) aor. ـْ (Msb;) and ↓ سَادَ, (M,) first Pers\. سُدْتُ, a form used by some; (S;) It, and he, became أَسْوَد [i. e. black]: (S, M, Msb, K:) and ↓ اسوادّ it, or he, became intensely so. (TA.) Nuseyb says, فَلَمْ أَمْلِكْ سَوَادِى وَتَحْتَهُ ↓ سَوِدْتُ قَمِيصٌ مِنَ القُوهِىِّ بِيضٌ بَنَائِقُهْ [I am black, (for Nuseyb was a slave,) and am not master of my person; but beneath it, or within it, is a shirt like the cloth of Koohistán, the gores of which are white: by this قميص he means his heart; القَمِيصُ, or قَمِيصُ القَلْبِ, tropically meaning “ the pericardium; ” and, by a synecdoche, “the heart itself, with its appertenances ”]. (S, TA.) b2: [Hence,] اسودّ وَجْهُهُ [lit. His face became black: meaning] (tropical:) his face became expressive of grief, or sorrow, or displeasure, occasioned by fear [&c.]: (Bd in iii. 102:) he became grieved, sorrowful, or displeased; and confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course, by reason of shame, or in consequence of a deed that he had done (Bd in xvi. 60) [&c.: and often meaning he became disgraced]: opposed to اِبْيَضَّ. (Bd in iii. 102.) 11 إِسْوَاْدَّ see 9, in three places. Q. Q. 4 اِسْوَأَدَّ: see 9, first sentence.

سَوْدٌ A سَفْح (M, K, TA) of a mountain, (M, TA,) [app. meaning, in this case, a low tract at the base, or foot, of a mountain,] forming a narrow strip of ground, (M, TA,) rough and black, (M,) or level, abounding with black stones, (K, TA,) which are rough, and the predominant colour whereof is blackness; seldom found but at a mountain in which is a mine: so says Lth: or a piece of ground in which are black rough stones resembling dry human dung: (TA:) or land, or ground, in which blackness predominates, which is seldom anywhere but at a mountain in which is a mine: (Msb:) pl. أَسْوَادٌ: (M, TA:) and ↓ سَوْدَةٌ signifies a portion thereof; (M, Msb, K, TA;) and the pl. of this is سَوْدَاتٌ, and the pl. of سَوْدَاتٌ is ↓ أَسْوَادَتٌ, which occurs in a trad. (TA.) سُودٌ: see سُودَدٌ.

سَيْدٌ a contraction of سَيِّدٌ, q. v.

سِيدٌ: see art. سيد.

سَوْدَةٌ: see سَوْدٌ b2: Also (assumed tropical:) Land in which are palm-trees: opposed to بَيْضَةٌ. (TA in art. بيض.

[See also السَّوْدَآء, voce أَسْوَدُ, near the end.]) سُودَدٌ a subst. from سَادَ, inf. n. سِيَادَةٌ; signifying [The rank, station, or condition, or the quality or qualities, of a سَيِّد; i. e. chiefdom, lordship, mastery, &c.; or] glory, honour, dignity, (Msb,) or eminence, exalted or elevated state, or nobility: (M, Msb:) or this word, (S, M, K,) and its vars.

سُودُدٌ and سُؤْدَدٌ (M, TA) and سُؤْدُدٌ, (M, K,) of the dial. of Teiyi, (M,) and ↓ سُوِدٌ, (M, K,) are syn. with سِيَادَةٌ (S, M, K) and سَيْدُودَةٌ as inf. ns. of سَادَ [q. v.]. (S, M.) سَوْدَآءُ fem. of أَسْوَدُ [q. v.]. (Msb.) سَوْدَانَةٌ or سُودَانَةٌ: see سُودَانِيَّةٌ.

سِيدَانَةٌ: see سِيدٌ, in art. سيد.

سُودَانِيَّةٌ, (M, A, TA,) or سَوْدَانِيَّةٌ, (Mgh, O,) and ↓ سَوْدَانَةٌ, (M, O,) or سُودَانَةٌ, with damm, like the first, (TA,) and ↓ سَوَادِيَّةٌ (A, K) and ↓ أَسْوَدُ (K) all signify the same; (TA;) A certain bird, that eats grapes: or i. q. عُصْفُورٌ [i. e. the sparrow; or a bird of the passerine kind]: (K:) or a certain small bird, (A, Mgh, O, TA,) having a long tail, (Mgh,) resembling the عصفور, (TA,) sometimes (Mgh) called also ↓ العُصْفُورُ الأَسْوَدُ, (Mgh, O,) of such a size that it may be grasped in the hand, that eats grapes (A, Mgh, O, TA) and dates (A, TA) and locusts. (Mgh, O, TA.) سَوَادٌ Blackness; contr. of بَيَاضٌ; (M, Mgh;) a certain colour, (S, Msb,) well known. (Msb.) One says, لَقِيَهُ فِى سَوَادِ اللَّيْلِ [He met him in the blackness of night]. (TA.) And الشَّاةُ تَمْشِى فِى

سَوَادٍ وَتَأْكُلُ فِى سَوَادٍ وَتَنْظُرُ فِى سَوَادٍ [The sheep, or goat, walks in blackness, and eats in blackness, and looks in blackness]; meaning the blackness of its legs and of its mouth and of what is around its eyes. (Mgh, * Msb.) And إِذَا كَثُرَ البَيَاضُ قَلَّ السَّوَادُ [When whiteness becomes much, blackness becomes little]; by whiteness meaning milk; and by blackness, dates. (TA.) b2: Black clothing. (Mgh in art. بيض. [See its contr.

بَيَاضٌ.]) b3: [Hence,] سَوَادُ القَلْبِ (S, M, A, K) and ↓ سَوَادَتُهُ (M) and ↓ أَسْوَدُهُ and ↓ سَوْدَاؤُهُ (S, M, K) and ↓ سُوَيْدَاؤُهُ, (S, M, A, K,) the last a dim., (TA,) The heart's core; the black, or inner, part of the heart: or a black thing in the heart: or the black clot of blood that is within the heart [resembling a piece of liver (Zj in his “ Khalk el-Insán ”)]: or the heart's blood: i. q. حَبَّتُهُ: (S, M, K, TA:) or, as some say, دَمُهُ. (M, TA.) One says, اِجْعَلْهُمْ فِى سَوَادِ قَلْبِكَ (A, TA) and ↓ سُوَيْدَائِهِ (A) (tropical:) [Place them in the inmost part of thy heart; i. e. give them the best, or most intimate, place in thy affections]. (A, TA.) b4: سَوَادُ البَطْنِ signifies The liver. (L, TA.) b5: سَوادٌ is also syn. with شَخْصٌ (tropical:) [as meaning A person; and also, in a more general sense, a bodily, or corporeal, form or figure or substance]; (A'Obeyd, S, M, A, Msb, K;) of a man, and of other things; (Msb;) expressly said by A'Obeyd to be of any article of household goods or utensils and furniture and the like, and of other things: (M:) because appearing black when seen from a distance: (TA:) pl. أَسْوِدَةٌ and أَسَاوِدُ, (S, M, A,) the latter a pl. pl. (S, M.) El-Asshà says, تَنَاهَيْتُمُ عَنَّا وَقَدْ كَانَ فِيكُمُ

أَسَاوِدُ صَرْعَى لَمْ يُوَسَّدْ قَتِيلُهَا [Ye refrained from retaliating upon us when there were among you prostrate persons the slain whereof had not been pillowed in graves]: by the اساود meaning the شُخُوص of the slain. (S.) And it is said in a trad., إِذَا رَأَى أَحَدُكُمْ سَوَادًا بِلَيْلٍ فَلَا يَكُنْ أَجْبَنَ السَّوَادَيْنِ فَإِنَّهُ يَخَافُكَ كَمَا تَخَافُهُ [When any one of you sees a bodily form, or a person, by night, let him not be the more cowardly of the two bodily forms, or persons; for he feareth thee, like as thou fearest him]: سوادا here meaning شَخْصًا. (L.) The saying لَا يُزَايِلُ سَوَادِى بَيَاضَكَ is expl. by As as meaning لَا يُزايِلُ شَخْصِى شَخْصَكَ [i. e. My person will not separate itself from thy person]: سَوَادٌ, with the Arabs, meaning شَخْصٌ, and in like manner بَيَاضٌ. (IAar, L.) [Hence, app.,] قَالَ لِىَ الشَّرُّ أَقِمْ سَوَادَكَ [as though lit. signifying Evil said to me, Erect thy person]; meaning (assumed tropical:) be thou patient: a prov. (TA.) b6: As its pl. أَسَاوِدُ means the شُخُوص of the vessels of a house, [accord. to the statement of A'Obeyd cited above,] such as the مِطْهَرَة and the إِجَّانَة and the جَفْنَة, these being called أَسَاوِدُ الدَّارِ, it is also used as meaning (assumed tropical:) Household goods or utensils or furniture and the like, absolutely. (Har p. 495.) [And in like manner] the sing. is also used as meaning (assumed tropical:) The travelling-apparatus and baggage and train (ثَقَل) of a commander: (S:) and (assumed tropical:) the tents and apparatus and beasts and other things, collectively, of an army. (TA.) b7: Also, the sing., (assumed tropical:) Property, or cattle, &c.; syn. مَالٌ: (Aboo-Málik, TA:) or much thereof; (A'Obeyd, S, K;) as in the saying لِفُلَانٍ سَوَادٌ [To such a one belongs much property, &c.]. (A'Obeyd, S.) b8: Also (tropical:) A collection, company, or collective body, of men; (M, A, L;) as in the saying كَثَّرْتُ سَوَادَ القَوْمِ بِسَوَادِى (tropical:) [I increased the number of the collective body of the people, or party, by my person]: (A, TA:) and ↓ أًسْوَدَاتٌ and أَسَاوِدُ are used in the same sense; (M;) or [rather] as pls. of this meaning: (L, TA:) or all these as meaning (assumed tropical:) sundry, distinct or separate, sorts of men, or people: (M:) [but] سَوَادُ المُسْلِمِينَ means (assumed tropical:) the collective body of the Muslims: (Mgh, Msb:) and so السَّوَادُ الأَعْظَمُ, a tropical phrase [in which مِنَ المُسْلِمِينَ is understood]: (A:) or this means (tropical:) the great number of the Muslims agreed in obedience to the Imám. (TA.) (assumed tropical:) The commonalty, or generality, of men of people: (S, K:) (assumed tropical:) the bulk, or main part, of a people: (M, TA:) or (assumed tropical:) the greater number. (Msb.) And (assumed tropical:) A great number (S, Msb, K) of any kind. (S.) b9: (assumed tropical:) A collection of palmtrees and of trees in general; on account of their greenness and blackness, because greenness nearly resembles blackness. (M, L.) b10: And (tropical:) The rural district of any province; i. e. the district around the towns or villages, and the رَسَاتِيق [i. e. districts of sown fields with towns or villages], of any province: (M, TA:) or the environs, consisting of towns, or villages, and of cultivated land, (A, TA,) [but more properly applied to the latter than to the former,] of a city, (A,) or of the chief city of a province: (TA:) or the towns, or villages, [but properly with the cultivated lands pertaining to them,] of a province of city: (K:) thus [particularly] of El-Koofeh and El-Basrah: (S, O:) hence, (A,) سَوَادُ العِرَاقِ, (A, Mgh, O, Msb,) or [simply] السَّوَادُ, (K,) the district of towns or villages, and cultivated lands, of El-'Irák; (O, K; *) or the district between ElBasrah and El-Koofeh, with the towns, or villages, around them; (A;) or extending in length from Hadeethet El-Mowsil to 'Abbádán, and in breadth from El-'Odheyb to Holwán; (Mgh;) so called because of the خُضْرَة [which means both greenness and a colour approaching to blackness] of its trees and its seed-produce; (Mgh, Msb;) for that which is أَخْضَر the Arabs term أَسْوَد because it appears to be thus at a distance. (Msb.) سُوَادٌ Secret speech with another; as also سِوَادٌ: (M, K, TA:) each a subst. from سَاوَدَهُ, accord. to A'Obeyd: (M, TA:) but [ISd says,] in my opinion the latter is the inf. n. of سَاوَدَ, [and as such it has been mentioned above, (see 3,)] and the former is the simple subst., the two words being like مُزَاحٌ and مِزَاحٌ: (M:) As disallowed the former, but it is authorized by AO and others. (TA.) A2: Also A certain disease incident to sheep or goats. (K.) b2: And A certain disease incident to man; (K;) a pain that attacks the liver, in consequence of eating dates, and that sometimes, or often, kills. (M, TA.) b3: And A yellowness in the complexion, and a greenness (خُضْرَة [app. here meaning a blackish hue inclining to greenness]) in the nail, (K, TA,) incident to people from [drinking] salt water. (TA.) سَيِّدٌ, (S, M, K, &c.,) of the measure فَعِيلٌ; [originally سَوِيدٌ, for a reason to be mentioned below; the kesreh upon the و, being deemed difficult of pronunciation, is suppressed, and the quiescent و and ى thus coming thgether, the latter receives the rejected kesreh, and the و is changed into ى and incorporated into the augmentative ى; as in the case of جَيِّدٌ with those who hold it to be originally جَوِيدٌ;] or, accord. to the Basrees, it is of the measure فَيْعِلٌ; [originally سَيْوِدٌ;] (S;) and also ↓ سَيْدٌ; (Mz, 40th نوع, section on the class of هَيِّنٌ and هَيْنٌ;) A chief, lord, or master: (M, L, Mgh, Msb: [accord. to the last of which, this is a secondary signification, as will be seen below:]) a prince, or king: (Fr, L:) one who is set before, or over, others: a master of a household: (L:) a woman's husband: (Fr, M, Msb:) a possessor, an owner, or a proprietor: (L, Msb:) a slave's master, or owner: (Fr, M, Msb:) a superior in rank or station or condition; one possessing pre-eminence or excel-lence; a man of rank or quality; a personage; a man of distinction: (L:) one who surpasses others in intelligence and property, and in repelling injury, and in beneficence, or usefulness, who makes a just use of his property, and aids others by himself: (ISh, L:) one possessed of glory, honour, dignity, eminence, exalted or elevated state, or nobility; (L, Msb; [accord. to the latter of which, this is the primary signification;]) generous, noble, or high-born: (L:) the most generous, noble, or high-born, of a people: (Msb:) a liberal, bountiful, or munificent, person: (Fr, L:) clement; forbearing; one who endures injurious treatment from his people: (L:) devout, abstaining from unlawful things, and clement, or forbearing: (Katádeh, L:) one who is not overcome by his anger: ('Ikrimeh, L:) accord. to As, the Arabs say that it signifies any one who is subdued, or repressed, by his principle of clemency, or forbearance: (L:) and ↓ سَائِدٌ signifies the same as سَيِّدٌ: or one inferior to a سَيِّد: (K:) or, accord. to Fr, one says, هٰذَا سَيِّدُ قَوْمِهِ اليَوْمَ [this is the lord, &c., of his people today]; but if you announce that he will be their سيّد after a little while, you say هُوَ سَائِدُ قَوْمِهِ عَنْ قَلِيلٍ, and سَيِّدُ: (S:) the fem. of سَيِّدٌ [and of ↓ سَائِدٌ] is with ة: (M, L, Msb:) pl. of سَيِّدٌ, (S, Msb,) or of ↓ سَائِدٌ, (M, K,) سَادَةٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and سَيَائِدُ (S, K) and [pl. of سَادَةٌ] سَادَاتٌ: (Msb:) [J says that] سَادَةٌ is of the measure فَعَلَةٌ, [orinally سَوَدَةٌ,] because سَيِّدٌ is of the measure فَعِيلٌ; [as has been before mentioned;] and it is like سَرَاةٌ as pl. of سَرِىٌّ, the only other instance of the kind; this being shown to be the case by the fact that سَيِّدٌ has also as a pl. سَيَائِدُ, with ء, [and with the و changed into ى because it is so changed in the sing.,] like as أَفِيلٌ has أَفَائِلُ, and like as تَبِيعٌ has تَبَائِعُ; but the Basrees, who hold سَيِّدٌ to be of the measure فَيْعِلٌ, say that it becomes of the measure فَعَلَةٌ in the pl. as though it were سَائِدٌ, like قَائِدٌ, which has قَادَةٌ as a pl., and like ذَائِدٌ, which has ذَادَةٌ as a pl.; and they also say that سَيَائِدُ, with ء, as pl. of سَيِّدٌ, is contr. to analogy; for by rule it should be without ء. (S.) b2: [In the present day it is also particularly applied to signify, like شَرِيف, Any descendant of the Prophet.] b3: One of the poets has used it in relation to the jinn, or genii; saying, يَنْدُبْنَ سَيِّدَهُنَّةْ جِنٌّ هَبَبْنَ بِلَيْلٍ

[Genii that were roused from their sleep by night, summoning, or perhaps bewailing and eulogizing their chief]: Akh says that this is a well-known verse of the poetry of the Arabs: but it is asserted by one, or more, likewise deserving of reliance, that it is of the poetry of El-Weleed [and therefore post-classical]. (M.) b4: And the wild ass is called (assumed tropical:) the سَيِّد of his female. (TA.) b5: Also, (Ks, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ سِيَّدٌ, (K,) the latter on the authority of Aboo-'Alee, (TA,) applied to a he-goat, (assumed tropical:) Advanced in years: (Ks, S, M; Mgh, Msb, K:) or in its third year: (Mgh:) or great, though not advanced in years: (TA:) or it is of general application, for it occurs in a trad. applied to the camel and the ox-kind. (M, TA.) b6: And the former also signifies (assumed tropical:) What is most eminent, exalted, or noble, of any things: and is applied by Zj to the Kur-án, because, he says, it is سَيِّدُ الكَلَامِ (assumed tropical:) [The paragon of speech]. (M.) سِيَّدٌ: see the last sentence but one above.

سُوَيْدٌ the abbreviated dim. of أَسْوَدُ: (S, Mgh, Msb:) see the latter. b2: Also [as a subst., or an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] Water; (M, Mgh, L;) as also ↓ أَسْوَدُ: (M: [but see الأَسْوَدَانِ, voce أَسْوَدُ:]) the former is [said to be] used in this sense in negative phrases only: (M, L:) one says, مَاسَقَاهُمْ مِنْ سُوَيْدٍ قَطْرَةً He gave them not to drink a drop of water. (M, Mgh, * L.) b3: أُمُّ سُوَيْدٍ means The anus; syn. الاِسْتُ; (K;) [and] so ↓ السُّوَيْدَآءُ. (M.) سَوَادَةُ القَلْبِ: see سَوَادٌ, near the beginning of the paragraph.

سُوَادِىٌّ [or perhaps سَوَادِىٌّ, i. e. “ belonging to the Sawád of El-'Irák,”] i. q. سِهْرِيزٌ (M) A wellknown sort of dates, (K voce سهريز,) found in abundance at El-Basrah. (TA ibid.) سَوَادِيَّةٌ: see سُودَانِيَّةٌ.

سُوَيْدَآءُ dim. of سُوْدَآءُ, fem. of أَسْوَدُ, q. v.: (Mgh:) b2: see also سَوَادٌ, in two places: b3: and سُوَيْدٌ: b4: and أَسْوَدُ, near the end of the paragraph. b5: Also A certain bird. (M.) b6: And Salt tracts (سِبَاخ) of [plants of the kind called] نَجِيل: Kr explains it by نِبْتَةٌ [app. a mistranscription for نَبْتَةٌ a plant]; without describing it. (M.) سَائِدٌ: see سَيِّدٌ, in the middle of the paragraph, in three places.

أَسْوَدُ Greater, and greatest, in respect of estimation, rank, or dignity; syn. أَجَلُّ: (S, K:) and, as some say, more [and most] liberal or bountiful or munificent: or more [and most] clement or forbearing. (TA.) One says, هُوَ أَسْوَدُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ He is greater &c. (أَجَلُّ) than such a one. (S.) And الأَسْوَدُ مِنَ القَوْمِ means The greatest &c. (الأَجَلُّ) of the people, or party. (K, TA.) A2: Also Black; i. e. having سَوَاد, (M, * Mgh,) which is the contr. of بَيَاض: (M, Mgh:) and ↓ أَسْوَدِىٌّ signifies the same as أَسْوَدُ: (Ham p.

379:) [or has an intensive signification, like أَحْمَرىٌّ:] the fem. of أَسْوَدُ is سَوْدَآءُ: (Mgh, Msb:) the dim. of أَسْوَدُ is ↓ أُسَيِّدُ, (S, Msb,) and it is allowable to say ↓ أُسَيْوِدُ, [as is shown by an ex. voce أَسَكُّ,] meaning [a little black thing; or blackish, or] approaching to black; (S;) and the abbreviated dim. is ↓ سُوَيْدٌ: (S, Mgh, Msb:) the dim. of سَوْدَآءُ is ↓ سُوَيْدَآءُ: (Mgh:) the pl. of أَسْوَدُ (M, Msb) and of سَوْدَآءُ (Msb) is سُودٌ (M, Msb) and سُودَانٌ [which latter is especially applied to human beings]. (M.) السُّودَانُ is said in the R to denote [The negroes;] that particular people, or race, who are the most stinking of mankind in the armpits and sweat, and the more so those who are eunuchs. (TA.) [It (i. e. السودان) is also sometimes used for أَرْضُ السُّودَانِ, or بِلَادُ السُّودَانِ, (The land, or the country, of the negroes,) or the like: it is thus used in the TA voce سَمْغَرَةُ.] and the epithet أَسْوَدُ is also applied by the Arabs to a thing that is أَخْضَر [i. e. green]; because it appears to be thus at a distance. (Msb. [See أَخْضَرُ: and see حَدِيقَةٌ دَهْمَآءُ and مُدْهَامَّةٌ, voce أَدْهَمُ.]) b2: [Hence,] أَسْوَدُ القَلْبِ and سَوْدَآؤُهُ: see سَوَادٌ. b3: [And السَّوْدَآءُ The black bile; one of the four humours of the body; of which the others are the yellow bile (الصَّفْرَآءُ), the blood (الدَّمُ), and the phlegm (البَلْغَمُ).] b4: أَسْوَدُ as opposed to أَحْمَرُ [and meaning The Arab race, and also, accord. to some, in this case also, the black]: see أَحْمَرُ, in two places. b5: As applied to a certain bird: see سُودَانِيَّةٌ, in two places. b6: Also, as a subst., (S,) or an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates, (Sh, M,) so that it is used as a subst., (Sh, TA,) but imperfectly decl., (TA,) (tropical:) A great serpent, (S, M, K,) in which is blackness: (S, M:) the worst and greatest and most noxious of serpents, than which there is none more daring, for sometimes it opposes itself to a company of travellers, and follows the voice, and it is that which seeks retaliation, and he who is bitten by it will not escape death: (Sh, TA:) it is pluralized as a subst., (Sh, S, M,) its pl. being

أَسَاوِدُ (S, M) and أَسَاوِيدُ and ↓ أَسْوَدَاتٌ: (M:) were it an epithet [used as such], its pl. would be سُودٌ: it is also called أَسْوَدُ سَالِحٌ, because it casts off its slough every year: you do not say أَسْوَدُ سَالِخٍ: (S:) the female is called ↓ أَسْوَدَةٌ, (S, M,) which is extr.; (M;) and to this the epithet سَالِخَةٌ is not applied. (S.) b7: الأَسْوَدَانِ means (assumed tropical:) The serpent and the scorpion; (Sh, Mgh, Msb, K;) which are to be killed during prayer: (Sh, Mgh, Msb:) so called by the attribution of predominance [to the former]. (Sh, TA.) b8: and (tropical:) Dates and water; (El-Ahmar, As, S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) both together being thus called by a term which properly applies to one only, [accord. to some,] for [they say that] الأَسْوَدُ alone signifies dates, not water, and especially, or mostly, the dates of El-Medeeneh; and in like manner, Aboo-Bekr and 'Omar together are called العُمَرَانِ; and the sun and the moon together, القَمَرَانِ: (TA:) or, as some say, it means water and milk; and is applied by a rájiz to water and the herb called الفَثّ, of [the grain of] which bread is made, and is eaten [in time of dearth or drought]. (M, L.) See also سُوَيْدٌ. b9: Also (assumed tropical:) The حَرَّة [or tract strewn with black and crumbling stones] and night: (S, M, L:) so called because of their blackness. (M, L.) A party came as guests to Muzebbid El-Medenee, and he said to them, “There is nothing for you with us but the أَسْوَدَانِ: ” and they replied, “Verily therein is a sufficiency: dates and water: ” but he said, “ I meant not that: I only meant the حَرَّة and the night. ” (S, M.) And as to the saying of 'Áïsheh, that she was with the Prophet when they had no food, but only the أَسْوَدَانِ, which is expl. by the lexicologists as meaning dates and water, [and thus by Mtr in the Mgh, ISd says,] in my opinion she only meant the حَرَّة and night. (M.) b10: هُوَ أَسْوَدُ الكَبِدِ [lit. He is black-livered] means (tropical:) he is an enemy: (A, TA:) and سُودُ الأَكْبَادِ means (tropical:) enemies. (M, A.) b11: You say also, جَآءَ فُلَانٌ بِغَنَمِهِ سُودَ البُطُونِ, and, in like manner, حُمْرَ الكُلَى, both meaning (tropical:) Such a one brought his sheep, or goats, in a lean, or an emaciated, state. (As, S, and A in art. حمر.) b12: and رَمَى بِسَهْمِهِ الأَسْوَدِ (tropical:) He shot with his lucky arrow, (A, K,) that was smeared with blood, (A,) by means of which he looked for good fortune, (K, TA,) because he had shot with it and hit the object shot at, (TA,) or as though it were black (K, TA) with blood, (TA,) or by its having been much handled. (K, TA.) b13: and كَلَّمْتُهُ فَمَا رَدَّ عَلَىَّ سَوْدَآءَ وَلَا بَيْضَآءَ (tropical:) I spoke to him, and he did not return to me a bad word nor a good one: (S, L:) or a single word. (A.) b14: وَطْأَةٌ سَوْدَآءُ means (assumed tropical:) A footstep, or footprint, that is becoming effaced: a recent one is termed حَمْرَآءُ. (S.) b15: السَّوْدَآءُ (assumed tropical:) Cultivated, or planted, land; opposed to البَيْضَآءُ [q. v.]. (TA in art. بيض.

[See also سَوْدَةٌ.]) b16: [But سَنَةٌ سَوْدَآءُ means (assumed tropical:) A very severe year; more severe than such as is termed حَمْرَآءُ; which is more severe than the بَيْضآء, and still more so than the شَهْبَآء: see arts. شهب and حمر.] b17: الحَبَّةُ السَّوْدَآءُ, said in a trad. to be a remedy for every disease except death, (TA,) i. q. الشُّونِيزُ [q. v.], (K,) as also ↓ السُّوَيْدَآءُ, (TA,) [i. e.] this latter signifies حَبَّةُ الشُّونِيزِ, (M,) or properly الشِّينِيز, for thus the Arabs called it accord. to IAar: or, as some say, i. q. الحَبَّةُ الخَضْرَآءُ [q. v. in art. حب], because the Arabs [often] call black أَخْضَر, and green أَسْوَد. (TA.) A3: It is also used as an epithet denoting excess; but as such is anomalous, being formed from a verb whence the simple epithet is of the measure أَفْعَلُ: so in the saying, أَسْوَدُ مِنْ حَلَكِ الغُرَابِ [Blacker than the blackness, or intense blackness, of the crow, or raven: see حَلَكٌ]. (I'Ak p. 237. [See also its contr. أَبْيَضُ, voce بَيَاضٌ; and see Har p. 286.]) أَسْوَدَةٌ fem. of أَسْوَدُ, q. v., used as a subst. (S, M.) أَسْوَدَاتٌ: see سَوْدٌ: b2: and سَوَادٌ: b3: and أَسْوَدُ.

أَسْوَدِىٌّ: see أَسْوَدُ, fourth sentence.

أُسَيْدِىٌّ, rel. n. of أُسَيِّدُ with the movent ى rejected, Of, or relating to, [a blackish colour, or] a colour approaching to black. (S.) أُسَيِّدُ and أُسَيْوِدُ: see أًسْوَدُ, fourth sentence.

مِسَادٌ, A skin for clarified butter, or for honey. (TA in this art. [See also art. مسد; and see مِسْأَدٌ, in art سأد.]) مَسُودٌ One over whom rule, or dominion, is exercised; or of whom another is سَيِّد [or chief, lord, master, &c.]. (TA.) مُسْوِدٌ [act. part. n. of أَسْوَدَ, q. v.:] with ة, i. e. مُسْوِدَةٌ, A woman who brings forth black children: the contr. is termed مُبْيِضَةٌ, (Fr, K in art. بيض,) or, more commonly, مُوضِحَةٌ. (O and TA in that art.) مَآءٌ مَسْوَدَةٌ Water that is a cause of [the disease called] سُوَاد (M, K, TA) to such as drink it. (TA.) ظّلَّ وَجْهُهُ مُسْوَدًّا, in the Kur [xvi. 60 and xliii.

16], means (assumed tropical:) [His face becomes, or continues, or continues all the day,] expressive of sorrow, or displeasure. (Mgh. [See the verb, 9.]) and أَيَّامٌ مُسْوَدَّةٌ means (assumed tropical:) [Days of] evil state or condition, and hardness, or difficulty, of living. (Har p. 304.) b2: [مُسْوَدَّةٌ The first draught, or original copy, of a book, or the like: (not called مُسَوَّدَةٌ:) opposed to مُبْيَضَّةٌ, q. v.: probably postclassical.]

مُسَوَّدٌ Guts (مُصْرَان) containing blood drawn by venesection from a she-camel, bound at the head, roasted and eaten. (IAar and K as expl. by MF.) المُسَوِّدَةُ The partisans of the dynasty of the 'Abbásees; [so called because they made their clothes black;] opposed to the مُبَيِّضَة. (S and K in art. بيض.) مَسْؤُودٌ part. n. of سُئِدُ. (K. [See 1, last signification.])