صدق

1 صَدَقَ, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (M, TA,) inf. n. صِدْقٌ (S, * M, O, * Msb, K, TA) and صَدْقٌ, (M, K,) the former of which is the more chaste, (TA,) or the latter is an inf. n. and the former is a simple subst., (K,) and تَصْدَاقٌ (M) and مَصْدُوقَةٌ, (O, K, TA,) which is one of the [few] inf. ns. of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ, (O, TA,) [or a fem. pass. part. n. used as an inf. n. like as is said of its contr.

مَكْذُوبَةٌ,] he spoke, said, uttered, or told, truth, or truly, or veraciously; contr. of كَذَبَ: (Msb: [and in like manner it is said in the S and M and O and K that صِدْقٌ is the contr. of كَذِبٌ:]) Er-Rághib says that صِدْقٌ and كَذِبٌ are primarily in what is said, whether relating to the past or to the future, and [in the latter case] whether it be a promise or other than a promise; and only in what is said in the way of information: but sometimes they are in other modes of speech, such as asking a question, and commanding, and supplicating; as when one says, “Is Zeyd in the house? ” for this implies information of his being ignorant of the state of Zeyd; and when one says, “ Make me to share with thee, or to be equal with thee,” for this implies his requiring to be made to share with the other, or to be made equal with him; and when one says, “Do not thou hurt me,” for this implies that the other is hurting him: صِدْقٌ, he says, is [by implication] the agreeing of what is said with what is conceived in the mind and with the thing told of, together; otherwise it is not complete صِدْق, but may be described either as صِدْق or sometimes as صِدْق and sometimes as كَذِب according to two different points of view; as when one says without believing it, “Mohammad is the Apostle of God,” for this may be termed صِدْق because what is told is such, and it may be termed كَذِب because it is at variance with what the speaker conceives in his mind. (TA.) One says, صَدَقَ فِى الحَدِيثِ [He spoke truth in the information, or narration]. (S, O, K.) And صَدَقَهُ i. e. He told him, or informed him, with truth, or veracity, (AHeyth, * M, Msb, *) فِى القَوْلِ [in the saying]; for it is trans. as well as intrans. (Msb.) And صَدَقَهُ الحَدِيثَ (S, O, K, in the CK [erroneously] صَدَّقَ فُلانًا الحَدِيثَ) He told him with truth, or veracity, the information, or narration; for it is sometimes doubly trans. (TA.) And صَدَقَنِى سِنَّ بَكْرِهِ [He hath told me truly the age, or as to the age, of his youthful camel; or صَدَقَنِى سِنُّ بَكْرِهِ the age of his youthful camel has spoken truly to me]: (S, O, K:) a prov., (S, O,) expl. in art. بكر [q. v.]. (K.) And فُلَانٌ لَا يَصْدُقُ أَثَرُهُ and أَثَرَهُ, meaning Such a one, when asked, will not tell truly whence he comes. (M.) And صَدَقَتْ يَمِينُهُ His oath was, or proved, true. (Msb in art. بت.) صَدَقْتُ اللّٰهَ حَدِيثًا إِنْ لَمْ أَفْعَلْ كَذَا is an oath of the Arabs, meaning لَا صَدَقْتُ الخ [May I not utter truly to God a saying, i. e. may I not speak truth to God, if I do not such a thing]. (AHeyth, O, K.) One says also, صَدَقَهُ النَّصِيحَةَ, and الإِخَآءَ, He rendered to him truly, or sincerely, good advice, and brotherly affection. (M.) And صَدَ قُوهُمُ القِتَالَ (S, M, K, * TA) [They gave them battle earnestly, not with a false show of bravery; as is implied in the S, and M, and K; i. e.] they advanced against them boldly in fight: (M, TA:) and in like manner, صَدَقُوا فِى القِتَالِ they advanced boldly in fight: or, accord. to Er-Rághib, the former means they gave them battle so as to fulfil their duty: and hence, in the Kur [xxxiii. 23], رِجَالٌ صَدَقُوا مَا عَاهَدُوا اللّٰهَ عَلَيْهِ, Men who fulfilled the covenant that they had made with God. (TA.) And صَدَقَ اللِّقَآءَ, inf. n. صِدْقٌ, He was firm, or steady, in encounter, or conflict. (M, TA.) and صَدَقَ ظَنِّى My opinion was, or proved, true, or correct, like as one says [in the contrary case], كَذَبَ: (Er-Rághib, TA:) whence, in the Kur [xxxiv. 19], وَلَقَدْ صَدَقَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِبْلِيسُ ظَنَّهُ, meaning فِى ظَنِّهِ [i. e. And assuredly Iblees was, or proved to be, correct in his opinion that he had formed against them]: but some read ↓ صَدَّقَ, meaning, as Fr says, حَقَّقَ [i. e. Iblees proved, or found, to be true, his opinion &c.]. (TA.) and صَدَقَتْهُ نَفْسُهُ His soul [told him truth; meaning,] diverted him, or hindered him, or held him back, from an undertaking, causing him to imagine himself unable to prosecute it. (TA in art. كذب.) And صَدَقَ الصُّبْحُ [The dawn shone clearly]. (S in art. سقط.) [And one says of a word or the like, يَصْدُقُ عَلَى كَذَا, meaning It applies correctly to such a thing.] b2: صَدَقَ الوَحْشِىُّ: see 2, near the end.2 صدّقهُ, (S, M, O, &c.,) inf. n. تَصْدِيقٌ, contr. of كَذَّبَهُ. (O, * K.) [This explanation implies several meanings here following.] He attributed, or ascribed, to him truth, veracity, or the speaking truth. (Msb.) And He said to him, “Thou hast spoken truth. ” (Msb.) He accepted, or admitted, [or assented to, or believed,] what he said: (M:) you say, صدّقهُ فِى حَدِيثِهِ [He accepted, &c., what he said in his information, or narration]: (S:) and you say صدّق بِلِسَانِهِ [He assented to the truth of what was said with his tongue]; as well as بِقَلْبِهِ [with his heart, or mind]. (T in art. اَمن.) He held him to be a speaker of truth. (MA.) [He found him to be a speaker of truth. He, or it, proved him to be a speaker of truth; verified him; or confirmed the truth of what he said: see an ex. in a verse cited voce بَيْنٌ.] He found it (an opinion) to be true, or veritable. (Ksh and Bd and Jel, in xxxiv. 19.) He verified it; confirmed its truth; or proved it to be true, or veritable; i. e. an opinion [&c.]; syn. حَقَّقَهُ: (Ksh and Bd, ibid.:) one says, صَدَّقَ الخَبَرَ الخُبْرُ [The trial, proof, or test, verified the information]. (S in art. خبر.) See 1, near the end. In the saying in the Kur [xxxix. 34], وَالَّذِى جَآءَ بِالصِّدْقِ وَصَدَّقَ بِهِ, [which seems to be best rendered But he who hath brought the truth and he who hath accepted it as the truth, (see كَذَّبَ بِالأَمْرِ,)] 'Alee the son of Aboo-Tálib is related to have said that by الذى جآء بالصدق is meant Mohammad; and by الذى صدّق به, Aboo-Bekr: or, as some say, Gabriel and Mohammad [are meant by the former and the latter respectively]: or by the former, Mohammad; and by the latter, [every one of] the believers: (M:) accord. to Er-Rághib, by وصدّق به is meant and hath found, or proved, to be true (حَقَّقَ) that which he hath brought by word, by that which he hath aimed at (بِمَا تَحَرَّاهُ) by deed. (TA.) b2: صدّق is also said to signify He said, “This thing is the truth; ” like حَقَّقَ. (TA in art. حق.) b3: And this verb also denotes المُبَالَغَةُ فِى الصِّدْقِ: thus in the saying, صَدَّقَتْ فِيهِمْ ظُنُونِى

[My opinions respecting them were, or proved to be, very true or correct]. (Ksh, in xxxiv. 19.) b4: صدّق الوَحْشِىُّ, (O, K, TA,) or ↓ صَدَقَ, (so in a copy of the M,) (tropical:) The wild animal ran without looking aside, when charged upon, or attacked: (M, O, K, TA:) mentioned by IDrd. (O, TA.) A2: صَدَّقَهُمْ He exacted from them the poor-rate. (TA. [See صَدَقَةٌ.]) b2: See also 5.3 صَادَقْتُهُ, (M,) inf. n. مُصَادَقَةٌ (S, M, O, K) and صِدَاقٌ, (M, O, K,) the latter like كِتَابٌ, (TA, [in the CK erroneously written صَداق,]) I acted, or associated, with him as a friend, or as a true, or sincere, friend. (S, * M, O, * K. *) [See also 6.]4 اصدق المَرْأَةَ He named for the woman a صَدَاق [or dowry]: (S, M, * O, K:) or he gave her her صَدَاق: (M, * Msb:) or he appointed her, or assigned her, a صَدَاق, on taking her as his wife: (TA:) and he married her, or took her as his wife, on the condition of his giving her a صَدَاق. (Msb.) And sometimes this verb is doubly trans.; whence, in a trad., مَا ذَا تُصْدِقُهَا فَقَالَ إِزَارِى [It was said, “What is it that thou meanest for her, or givest her, as her dowry? ” and he said, “My waist-wrapper ”]. (Mgh.) 5 تصدّق عَلَيْهِ He gave him (i. e. the poor, Mgh, Msb) what is termed صَدَقَة, (M, Mgh, Msb,) meaning [an alms, or] what is given for the sake of God, (M,) or what is given with the desire of obtaining a recompense from God: (M, * Mgh:) and عليه ↓ صَدَّقَ signifies the same; (M, TA;) and in this sense صدّق is [said by some to be] used in the Kur lxxv. 31. (TA.) Hence, in the Kur [xii. 88], وَتَصَدَّقْ عَلَيْنَا: (TA:) or this means (assumed tropical:) And do thou confer a favour upon us by giving that which is [not like the mean merchandise that we have brought, but of middling quality,] between good and bad. (M.) One says, تَصَدَّقْتُ بِكَذَا, meaning I gave such a thing as a صَدَقَة. (Msb.) See an ex. voce شِقٌّ.

The saying, in a trad., إِنَّ اللّٰهَ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَيْكُمْ بِثُلُثِ

أَمْوَالِكُمْ, meaning (tropical:) [Verily God] hath conferred a favour [upon you by giving you a third of your possessions to bequeath to whom ye will], if correct, is tropical. (Mgh.) b2: It is said by Ibn-Es-Seed, on the authority of Az and IJ, and mentioned by IAmb, that تصدّق signifies also He asked, or begged, for what is termed صَدَقَة [or alms]: but Fr and As and others disallow the beggar's being called مُتَصَدِّق: (Az, TA:) IKt says that the verb is improperly used in this sense by the vulgar: (Msb:) [and accord. to J and Sgh,] one says, مَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ يَسْأَلُ, and one should not say يَتَصَدَّقُ. (S, O.) 6 تَصَادُقٌ signifies The acting, or associating, as friends, or as true, or sincere, friends, one with another. (K. [See also 3.]) And I. q. صِدْقٌ: (TA:) [or rather mutual صِدْق; contr. of تَكَاذُبٌ:] one says, تَصَادَقَا فِى الحَدِيثِ and فِى المَوَدَّةِ (S, O, TA) They were true, or sincere, each to the other, in information, or narration, and in love, or affection; contr. of تَكَاذَبَا. (O, TA.) صَدْقٌ is an inf. n. of صَدَقَ [q. v.]: (M, K:) b2: and is used as an epithet, applied to a man &c.: (S, M, O, K, TA:) [and] ↓ صِدْقٌ [also, if not a mistranscription for صَدْقٌ,] is an inf. n. used as an epithet, applied to a man and to a woman: (so in a copy of the M and in the TA:) [it is said that] the former signifies Hard, (S, M, O, Msb,) applied to a spear, (S, M, O,) and to other things: (M:) or even, or straight; (S, O;) or it signifies thus also, applied to a spear, and to a sword: (M:) or hard and even or straight, applied to a spear, (K, TA,) and to a man, (K,) or to the latter as meaning hard: or, as IB says, on the authority of IDrst, it is not from hardness, but means combining those qualities that are commended; and it is applied to a spear as meaning long and pliant and hard, and the like; and to a man, and to a woman likewise [without ة, but see what follows], as meaning true in hardness and strength and goodness; for, IDrst says, if it meant hard, one would say حَجَرٌ صَدْقٌ and حَدِيدٌ صَدْقٌ, which one does not: (TA:) and, applied to anything, (O, K, TA,) it means complete, or perfect, (Kh, O, K, TA,) thus applied to a man, (TA,) such as is commended; (O;) fem. with ة, (O, K, TA,) applied to a woman: (O:) the pl. is صُدْقٌ, applied to a company of men, (S, O, K,) and صُدُقٌ (K) and صَدْقُونَ, so applied, and صَدْقَاتٌ applied to women: (O, K:) and Ru-beh says, describing asses, مَقْذُوذَةُ الآذَانِ صَدْقَاتُ الحَدَقْ meaning [Rounded, as though pared, in the ears,] penetrating in the eyes; (O, TA;) which is [said to be] tropical. (TA.) صَدْقٌ signifies also Firm, or steady, in encounter, or conflict: (M:) or one says صَدْقُ اللِّقَآءِ, applying this epithet to a man, (S, O, K, TA,) meaning thus: (TA:) and صَدْقُ النَّظَرِ [firm, or steady, in look]. (S, O, K, TA. [Said in the TA to be tropical.]) صِدْقٌ is an inf. n. of صَدَقَ [q. v.]: (M, K, &c.:) or a simple subst., (K,) signifying [Truth; veracity; or] agreement of what is said with what is conceived in the mind and with the thing told of, together; otherwise it is not complete صِدْق, as expl. above in the first paragraph of this art. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b2: It is also syn. with شِدَّةٌ [meaning Hardness; firmness, compactness, or soundness; strength, power, or force; vigour, robustness, sturdiness, or hardiness; and courage, bravery, or firmness of heart]: (K, TA: [in the latter of which it is said to be tropical; but this is evidently not the case accord. to the O, in which it is said that it radically denotes قُوَّةٌ (i. e. strength, force, &c.,) in a saying &c.: in the K it is implied by the context that it is syn. with شِدَّة when used as the complement of a prefixed n. in instances mentioned in what here follows: but Sgh says, more correctly,]) a noun signifying anything to which goodness is attributed is prefixed to صِدْق, governing it in the gen. case; so that one says (O) رَجُلُ صِدْقٍ (Sb, M, O, K) [A man of good nature or disposition or character &c.], contr. of رَجُلُ سَوْءٍ; (Sb, M;) and صَدِيقُ صِدْقٍ [a friend of good nature &c.]; (O, K;) and likewise اِمْرَأَةُ صِدْقٍ [a woman of good nature &c.]; (K;) and in like manner also حِمَارُ صِدْقٍ

[an ass of a good kind]; (Sb, M, K;) and ثَوْبُ صِدْقٍ [a garment, or piece of cloth, of good quality]. (Sb, M.) The saying in the Kur [x. 93], (O,) وَلَقَدْ بَوَّأْنَا بَنِى اِسْرَائِيلَ مُبَوَّأَ صِدْقٍ meansAnd verily we assigned to the Children of Israel a good place of abode. (O, K.) b3: See also صَدْقٌ.

صَدْقَةٌ: see صَدَاقٌ; each in two places.

صُدْقَةٌ: see صَدَاقٌ; each in two places.

صَدَقَةٌ [An alms; i. e.] a gift (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K) to the poor (S, O, Msb) for the sake of God, (M, K,) or to obtain a recompense from God; (M, * Mgh, K; *) a portion which a man gives forth from his property by way of propitiation, [to obtain the favour of God,] like زَكَاةٌ, except that the former is primarily applied to such as as is supererogatory, and the latter to such as is obligatory: but it is said to be applied to such as is obligatory [i. e. to the زَكَاة, q. v., meaning the poor-rate, which is the portion, or amount, of property, that is given therefrom, as the due of God, by its possessor, to the poor, according to a fixed rate,] when the person who does so aims at conformity with the truth in his deed: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [in this latter sense, which is indicated in the S and O &c., and more plainly in the M, it is very frequently used:] and thus it is used in the Kur ix. 104, and in like manner its pl. in ix. 60: (Er-Rághib, TA:) the pl. is صَدَقَاتٌ. (S, M, O, Msb.) It is said in a trad., لَا صَدَقَةَ فِى الإِبِلِ الجَارَّةِ [There is no poorrate in the case of working camels], because they are the riding-camels of the people; for the poorrate is in the case of pasturing camels, exclusively of the working. (S in art. جر.) b2: See also صَدَاقٌ.

صَدُقَةٌ: see صَدَاقٌ, in two places.

صُدُقَةٌ: see the next paragraph.

صَدَاقٌ and ↓ صِدَاقٌ, (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) the former of which is the most common of the dial. vars. here mentioned, (Msb,) [but] the latter is [said to be] more chaste than the former, (Mgh,) and ↓ صَدُقَةٌ, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) of the dial. of El-Hijáz, (Msb,) and ↓ صُدْقَةٌ, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) of the dial. of Temeem, (Msb,) and ↓ صَدْقَةٌ (M, O, Msb, K) and ↓ صُدُقَةٌ (M, O, K) and ↓ صَدَقَةٌ, (M, K,) The مَهْر (S, M, Mgh, O, K) of a woman; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) [i. e. a dowry; nuptial gift; or gift that is given to, or for, a bride:] the pl. of صداق is صُدُقٌ, (M, Mgh, Msb,) a pl. of mult., (M,) or صُدْقٌ, (O,) or both, (K,) and أَصْدِقَةٌ, a pl. of pauc., (M,) or this is accordant to analogy, but has not been heard; (Mgh;) the pl. of ↓ صَدُقَةٌ is صَدُقَاتٌ; (S, Msb, K;) the pl. of ↓ صُدْقَةٌ is صُدْقَاتٌ and صُدَقَاتٌ and صُدُقَاتٌ, (O, * Msb, K,) which last is the worst; (K;) and the pl. of ↓ صَدْقَةٌ is صُدَقٌ, (Msb,) or صَدْقَاتٌ [by rule صَدَقَاتٌ]. (O.) صِدَاقٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

صَدُوقٌ Having the quality of speaking, saying, uttering, or telling, truth, or truly, or veraciously, in a high, or an eminent, degree; very, or eminently, true or veracious: (Msb:) pl. صُدُقٌ and صُدْقٌ. (K.) See also أَصْدَقُ.

صَدِيقٌ A friend: (O, K:) or a true, or sincere, friend: (S, M, Msb, TA:) applied likewise to a female, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) as also صَدِيقَةٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) the former anomalous, the latter regular; (MF;) and to a pl. number, (S, M, O, K,) as in the Kur xxvi. 101 (M) [and in several other instances, of which see one in a verse cited voce رَوِىٌّ]: its proper pl. is أَصْدِقَآءُ (S, M, O, K) and صُدَقَآءُ and صُدْقَانٌ, (M, K,) the last on the authority of Fr, (TA,) and أَصَادِقُ, (M, O, K,) which is a pl. pl., (K,) said by IDrd to be anomalous, unless it be a pl. pl.: (O:) and the dim. is ↓ صُدَيِّقٌ; one says, هُوَ صُدَيِّقِى, meaning He is the most special, or most distinguished, of my friends, or of my true, or sincere, friends. (S, O, K.) صَدَاقَةٌ Love, or affection: (K:) or truth, or sincerity, of love or affection: (TA:) or friendship, or friendliness; (S, M;) or true, or sincere, friendship or friendliness: (S, M, Msb:) or true firmness of heart in love or affection; an attribute of a human being only. (Er-Rághib, TA.) صُدَيِّقٌ dim. of صَدِيقٌ, q. v. (S, O, K.) صِدِّيقٌ One who speaks, says, utters, or tells, truth, or truly, or veraciously, much, or often: (Mgh, O, K:) [or rather having the quality of speaking, saying, uttering, or telling, truth, or truly, or veraciously, in a very high, or very eminent, degree; for] it has a more intensive signification than صَدُوقٌ [q. v.]: (TA:) or i. q. مُصَدِّقٌ [which may have the latter of the two meanings expl. above, or may mean one who accepts, or admits, the truth of what is said, or who verifies, &c.: or مُصَدِّق in a high, or an eminent, degree; for it is added that] the fem. as used in the Kur v. 79 means superlative in الصِّدْق and التَّصْدِيق; as a possessive epithet, i. e. ذَاتُ تَصْدِيقٍ: (M:) or it signifies دَائِمُ التَّصْدِيقِ [i. e. always مُصَدِّق in one or another or all of the senses assigned to this word above: it may be correctly rendered eminently, or always, veracious: and eminently, or always, accepting, or confirming, the truth]: and it may mean one who verifies his saying by deed, or act: (S:) it is said in the “ Mufradát ” [of Er-Rághib] that it has the first of the meanings expl. in this paragraph: or rather means, one who never lies: or rather, one by whom lying cannot be practised because of his habitual veracity: or rather, one who is true in his saying and his belief, and who confirms his truth by his deed, or acting. (TA.) صَادِقٌ Speaking, saying, uttering, or telling, truth, or truly, or veraciously; true in respect of speech &c., or veracious. (Msb, TA.) b2: صِدْقٌ صَادِقٌ is a phrase like شِعْرٌ شَاعِرٌ, meaning Eminent, and exalted, veracity. (M, TA. *) b3: And حَمْلَةٌ صَادِقَةٌ [A charge, or an assault, made with earnestness, not with a false show of bravery,] is like the saying [in the contr. case] حَمْلَةٌ كَاذِبَةٌ. (M, TA: * said in the latter to be tropical.) See also مَصْدَق, in two places. b4: One says also تَمْرٌ صَادِقُ الحَلَاوَةِ, meaning Very sweet dates. (IDrd, O.) b5: And بَرْدٌ صَادِقٌ Vehement, or intense, cold. (TA voce بَحْتٌ &c.) الصَّيْدَقُ The small star cleaving to the middle one of [those called] بَنَاتُ نَعْشٍ الكُبْرَى [which compose the tail of Ursa Major]; (Kr, M, TA;) [i. e. the star called السُّهَا, q. v.; for] it is said that the first of بنات نعش الكبرى, that is at the extremity thereof, is named القَائِدُ; and the second is العَنَاقُ, and by the side of it is a small star named السُّهَا and الصَّيْدَقُ; and the third is الحَوَرُ: (O:) or, accord. to AA, (O, TA,) the pole-star (القُطْبُ). (O, K, TA. [But this is strange; and the more so as it is added in the K that it is expl. in art. قود; for the explanation in that art. (though not free from obvious mistakes) identifies الصَّيْدَقُ with السُّهَا.]) b2: And, (K,) accord. to Sh, (O, TA,) it signifies الأَمِينُ [The trusted, trusted in, or confided in, &c.]. (O, K. [But it is added in the O that Sh cites a verse of Umeiyeh Ibn-Abi- s-Salt in which الأَمِينُ is applied as an epithet to the star called الصَيدق.]) b3: And, (K,) accord. to some, as AA says, (O,) it signifies The king. (O, K.) فَعَلَهُ فِى غِبِّ صَادِقَةٍ [in the CK فَعَلَهُ غِبَّ صادِقَةٍ] means He did it after the affair, or case, had become manifest to him. (IDrd, O, K, TA.) صُنْدُوقٌ, mentioned in this art. in the S and Msb: see art. صندق.

أَصْدَقُ [More, and most, true or veracious]. One says أَصْدَقُ مِنْ قَطَاةٍ [More veracious than a katáh]; because the bird thus called cries قَطَا قَطَا; [thus telling where it is to be found;] its name being imitative of its cry: (Meyd, and TA in art. قطو:) hence it is called by the Arabs ↓ الصَّدُوقُ: the saying is a prov. (Meyd.) ذُو مَصْدَقٍ, (JK, S, M, O,) with fet-h, (S,) or ↓ ذُو مِصْدَقٍ like مِنْبَر, (K,) applied to a man, (JK, M,) [i. e.] applied to a courageous man, (S, O, K,) means الحَمْلَةِ ↓ صَادِقُ [Earnest, not making a false show of bravery, in the charge, or assault]; (JK, S, M, O, K;) or courageous [in the charge, or assault]: (JK:) مَصَادِقُ, occurring in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb, may be for ذَوُو مَصَادِقَ; or it may be an anomalous pl. of صِدْقٌ [used as an epithet], like مَلَامِحُ and مَشَابِهُ [pls. of لَمْحَةٌ and شَبَهٌ]. (M.) Also, (S, M, O, K,) applied to a horse, (M,) [i. e.] applied to a fleet and excellent horse, (S, O,) in like manner, (M,) meaning الجَرْىِ ↓ صَادِقُ [Earnest in running]; (S, O, K;) as though fulfilling his promise of running: (S, O: [said in the TA to be tropical:]) Khufáf Ibn-Nudbeh says, إِذَا مَا اسْتَحَمَّتْ أَرْضُهُ مِنْ سَمَائِهِ جَرَى وَهْوَ مَوْدُوعٌ وَوَاعِدُ مَصْدَقِ meaning When his hoofs are wetted with the sweat of his upper parts, he runs, being left to himself, not beaten nor chidden, and a fulfiller of his promise to do his utmost. (S, O.) And sometimes it is applied to an opinion, in like manner [as meaning True, or sincere]. (M.) b2: مَصْدَقٌ also signifies Hardness. (Th, M.) b3: Also i. q. حَدٌّ [as meaning The edge of a sword]: (TA:) [in a copy of the M written جِدّ, which I think an evident mistake; for it is added,] and it is said to have this meaning in a verse of Dureyd Ibn-Es- Simmeh [relating to a sword]. (M, TA.) مِصْدَق: see the next preceding paragraph.

مُصَدَّقٌ A man from whom the poor-rate (صَدَقَة) of his cattle is exacted. (TA.) مُصَدِّقٌ One who accepts, admits, assents to, or believes, another in his information, or narration. (S, TA.) A2: Also The exactor, or collector, (S, M, O, Msb, K, TA,) of the صَدَقَات, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) i. e. (TA) of the حُقُوق [or dues, meaning poor-rates], (M, TA,) of the cattle, (Msb,) or of the sheep or goats, (S, M, O, TA,) and of the camels, (M, O, TA,) for the persons to whom pertain the shares [thereof]. (TA.) مُصَّدِّقٌ: see مُتَصَدِّقٌ.

مِصْدَاقٌ A thing that confirms, or proves, the truth of a thing: (S, K:) [and] a verbal evidence of the truth, or veracity, of a man. (Har p. 106.) One says, هٰذَا مِصْدَاقُ هٰذَا This is what confirms, or proves, the truth of this. (S.) And شَىْءٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِصْدَاقٌ [A thing having nothing to verify it]. (IAar, TA in art. برق.) مَصْدُوقَةٌ [see 1, near the beginning]. One says لَيْسَ لِحَمْلَتِهِ مَصْدُوقَةٌ [meaning There is no earnestness attributable to his charge, or assault]; like as one says [in the contr. case], ليس لَهَا مَكْذُوبَةٌ. (M.) مُتَصَدِّقٌ One who gives what is termed صَدَقَة [meaning alms]: (S, O, Msb, K:) accord. to Kh, it means thus, and also one who asks [alms]; (O, TA;) and IAmb says the like; but Az says that the skilful of the grammarians disallow this; and thus say Fr and As and others: (TA:) [J, also, and Sgh and Fei, say that] it has only the former meaning: (S, O, Msb:) it is also pronounced ↓ مُصَّدِّقٌ, by substitution [of ص for ت] and incorporation [of one ص into the other]; (S, * O, * Msb, K; *) and this pronunciation of the pl. both masc. and fem. occurs in the Kur lvii. 17, (S, O, K,) where Ibn-Ketheer and Aboo-Bekr, differing from others, read without teshdeed to the ص. (O.)

ثن

ى1 ثَنَاهُ, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) said in the K to be like سَعَى, implying that the aor. is ثَنَىَ, but this is a mistake, (MF, TA,) [for it is well known that] the aor. is ثَنِىَ, (Msb,) inf. n. ثَنْىٌ, (S, M, Msb, &c.,) He doubled it, or folded it; (T;) he turned one part of it upon another; (M, K;) he bent it; (T, S, Mgh, Msb, TA;) he drew, or contracted, one of its two extremities to [or towards] the other; or joined, or adjoined, one of them to the other; thus bending it; (Mgh;) namely, a stick, or branch, or twig, (Mgh,) or a thing, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) of any kind. (T.) One says of a man with the mention of whom one begins, in relation to an honourable or a praiseworthy quality, or in relation to science or knowledge, بِهِ تُثْنَى الخَنَاصِرُ, (T,) meaning With [the mention of] him, (T, and Msb in art. خصر,) among others of his class, (Msb ib.,) the little fingers are bent. (T, and Msb ubi suprá. [For the Arabs, in counting with the fingers, first bend the tip of the little finger down to the palm of the hand; then, the tip of the next; and so on; bending the thumb down upon the other fingers for five; and then continue by extending the fingers, one after another, again commencing with the little finger.]) And a poet says, فَإِنْ عُدَّ مَجْدٌ أَوْ قَدِيمٌ لِمَعْشَرٍ

فَقَوْمِى بِهِمْ تُثْنَى هُنَاكَ لأَصَابِعُ [And if glory, or any old ground of pretension to honour, be reckoned as belonging to a body of men, it is my people, with the mention of them, in that case, the fingers are bent]; meaning that they are reckoned as the best; (IAar, M;) for the best are not many. (M.) One says also, ثَنَى وَرِكَهُ فَنَزَلَ [lit. He bent his hip, and alighted], meaning he alighted from his beast. (T.) and ثَنَى رِجْلَهُ عَنْ دَابَّتِهِ, meaning He drew up his leg to his thigh, and alighted. (M.) But قَبْلَ أَنْ يَثْنِىَ رِجْلَهُ, occurring in a trad., means Before he turned his leg from the position in which it was in the pronouncing of the testimony of the faith. (IAth.) ثَنَى صَدْرَهُ, aor. and inf. n. as above, [lit. He folded his breast, or bosom,] means (assumed tropical:) he concealed enmity in his breast, or bosom: or he folded up what was in it, in concealment. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [xi. 5], أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ يَثْنَونَ صُدُورَهُمْ, meaning [Now surely] they infold and conceal [in their bosoms] enmity and hatred: (Fr, T:) or they bend their breasts, or bosoms, and fold up, and conceal, what is therein: (Zj, T:) I'Ab read, صُدُورُهُمْ ↓ تَثْنَوْنِى: you say, اِثْنَوْنَى صَدْرُهُ عَلَى البَغْضَآءِ, meaning his breast, or bosom, infolded, or concealed, vehement hatred: (T:) or the phrase in the Kur, accord. to the former reading, means they bend, or turn, their breasts, or bosoms, from the truth; they turn themselves away therefrom: or they incline their breasts, or bosoms, to unbelief, and enmity to the Prophet: or they turn their backs: (Bd:) [for] b2: ثَنَاهُ, (T, S, Msb, TA,) aor. as above, (Msb,) and so the inf. n., (T, Msb, TA,) also signifies He turned him, or it, away or back. (T, S, Msb, TA.) Also He turned him, or turned him away or back, (Lth, T, S,) from the course that he desired to pursue, (Lth, T,) or from the object of his want: (S:) or you say, ثَنَاهُ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ, (Mgh,) and عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ, (TA,) and عَنْ مُرَادِهِ, (Msb,) he turned him, or turned him away or back, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) from his course, (Mgh,) and from the object of his want, (TA,) and from the object of his desire. (Msb.) One says also, فُلَانٌ لَا يُثْنَى عَنْ قِرْنِهِ وَلَا عَنْ وَجْهِهِ [Such a one will not be turned, or turned away or back, from his antagonist, nor from his course]. (T.) b3: Also He tied it; or tied it in a knot or knots; or tied it firmly, fast, or strongly. (TA.) You say, ثَنَيْتُ البَعِيرَ بِثِنَايَيْنِ, meaning, accord. to As, as related by A'Obeyd, I bound both the fore legs of the camel with two bonds: but correctly, I bound the two fore legs of the camel with the two ends of a rope; the last word meaning a single rope: (T:) عَقَلْتُهُ بِثَنْيَيْنِ means I bound one of his fore shanks to the arm with two ties, or tyings. (T, M.) b4: ثَنْىٌ [as inf. n. of ثَنَى] also signifies The act of drawing, or joining, or adjoining, one [thing] to another; (Lth, T, Mgh;) and so ↓ تَثْنِيَةٌ [inf. n. of ثنّى]. (Mgh.) b5: [As ثَلَثَهُمْ signifies “ he took the third of their property,” and “ he made them, with himself, three,” and other verbs of number are used in similar senses, so] ثَنَاهُ signifies He took the half of their property: or he drew, or adjoined, to him what became with him two: (TA:) or ثَنَيْتُهُ, (S, Msb,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (Msb,) signifies I became (S, Msb) to him, (S,) or with him, (Msb,) a second; (S, Msb;) or I was a second to him, or it: (Er-Rághib:) or one should not say thus, but that Az says, (M,) هُوَ وَاحِدٌ فَاثْنِهِ (M, K [but in the latter, هٰذَا in the place of هُوَ, and in the CK, ↓ فأَثْنِه,]) he is one, and be thou a second to him. (M, K.) b6: ثَنَى, aor. as above, also signifies He made eleven to be twelve. (T in art. ثلث.) b7: ثَنَى الأَرْضَ, inf. n. as above, He turned over the land, or ground, twice for sowing, or cultivating: (Mgh, and A * and TA * in art. ثلث:) and ↓ تَثْنِيَةٌ [inf. n. of ثنّى] and ثُنُيَانٌ [app. another inf. n. of ثَنَى, and app. correctly written ثُنْيَانٌ] are often used by [the Imám] Mohammad in the sense of ثَنْىٌ: he who explains تَثْنِيَةٌ as signifying the turning over [the land, or ground,] for sowing, or cultivating, after the harvest, or as signifying the restoring land to its owner turned over for sowing, or cultivating, commits an inadvertence. (Mgh.) b8: فَاثْنِنِى, occurring in a poem of Kutheiyir 'Azzeh, is explained as meaning Then give thou to me a second time: (M, TA:) but this is strange: (TA:) [ISd says,] I have not seen it in any other instance. (M.) b9: لَا يَثْنِى وَلَا يَثْلِثُ, (a phrase mentioned by IAar, M,) or وَلَا يُثَلِّثُ ↓ لَا يُثَنِّى, or وَلَا يُثْلِثُ ↓ لَا يُثْنِى: see 1 in art. ثلث.2 ثنّاهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَثْنِيَةٌ, (S, K,) He made it two; or called it two. (S, M, MS b, K.) [Hence,] ثَنَّى means also He counted two; whence the saying, فُلَانٌ يُثَنِّى وَلَا يُثَلِّثُ; see art. ثلث: (A and TA in art. ثلث:) [and so, app., ↓ اِثَّنَى; for] a poet says, بَدَا بِأَبِى ثُمَّ اثَّنَى بِأَبِى أَبِى

[which seems plainly to mean He began with my father; then counted two with the father of my father]. (M.) b2: [He dualized it, namely, a word; made it to have a dual. b3: He marked it with two points, namely, a ت or a ى.] b4: He repeated it; iterated it. (Mgh.) See 1, in three places. b5: ثنّى لِامْرَأَتِهِ, or عِنْدَهَا, He remained two nights with his wife: and in like manner the verb is used in relation to any saying or action. (TA voce سَبَّعَ.) b6: ثنّى بِالأَمْرِ He did the thing immediately after another thing. (T.) b7: تَثْنِيَةٌ also signifies A man's requesting others [who are playing with him at the game called المَيْسِر] to return, for [a chance of] the stakes, his arrow, when it has been successful, and he has been secure, and has won. (Lh, M.) A2: See also 4.4 أَثْنَتْ, or ↓ اِثْتَنَتْ, She brought forth her second offspring. (TA in art. بكر.) b2: See also 1, in two places. b3: اثنى, (inf. n. إِثْنَآءٌ, TA,) He shed his tooth called the ثَنِيَّة; (S, Mgh, Msb;) he became what is termed ثُنِىّ; said of a camel [&c.]: (M, K:) he shed his رَوَاضِع [pl. of رَاضِعَة which is the same, in this case, as ثَنِيَّة]; said of a horse [&c.]. (IAar, T.) A2: اثنى عَلَيْهِ, (T, S, M, Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. إِثْنَآءٌ; (T;) and ↓ ثنّى, inf. n. تَثْنِيَةٌ, accord. to the K, but this is a mistake for ↓ ثبّى, inf. n. تَثْبِيَةٌ; (TA;) He praised, eulogized, commended, or spoke well of, him: and he dispraised, censured, discommended, or spoke ill of, him: (T, * M, Msb, K:) the object is either God or a man: (T:) or it has the former meaning only: (M, K;) or the former meaning is the more common: (Msb:) accord. to IAar, اثنى signifies he spoke, or said, well, or good; and ill, or evil; and انثى, “he defamed,” or “did so in the absence of the object;” and “he disdained, scorned, shunned, disliked, or hated,” a thing: (T:) and you say, اثنى عَلَيْهِ خَيْرًا [He spoke, or said, well, or good, of him]; (S, and TA from a trad.;) and شَرًّا [ill, or evil], also. (TA from the same trad.) One says also, أَثْنَيْتُ فِعْلَهُ [I praised his deed]; meaning عَلَى فِعْلِهِ; or because أَثْنَى means مَدَحَ. (Ham p. 696.) 5 تثنّى: see 7. b2: Also He affected an inclining of his body, or a bending, or he inclined his body, or bent, from side to side; syn. تَمَايَلَ: (Har pp. 269 and 271:) and he walked with an elegant and a proud and self-conceited gait, with an affected inclining of the body from side to side; or with a twisting of the back, and with extended steps; syn. تَبَخْتَرَ. (Idem p. 271.) Yousay, تثنّى فِى مِشْيَتِهِ (S, and Har p. 269) He affected an inclining of his body, or a bending, or he inclined his body, or bent, from side to side, in his gait. (Har ib.) [And in like manner, and more commonly, one says of a woman.]7 انثنى, (T, S, M, K,) and ↓ تثنّى, and ↓ اِثَّنَى, of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ, (M, K,) originally اِثْتَنَى, (M,) and ↓ اِثْنَوْنَى, (T, S, K,) of the measure اِفْعَوْعَلَ, (T, S,) It was, or became, doubled, or folded; (T;) it had one part turned upon another; (M, K;) it was, or became, bent. (T, S.) b2: [Hence,] انثنى signifies also He turned, or turned away or back, (Har pp. 44 and 120,) عَنْ أَمْرٍ from an affair, after having determined to do it. (Lth in TA art. زمع.) 8 إِثْتَنَىَ see 7, and 4: b2: and see also 2.10 استثناهُ He set it aside as excluded; or he excluded it, or excepted it; مِنْ شَىْءٍ from a thing; syn. حَاشَاهُ: (M:) or he set it aside, or apart, for himself: and in the conventional language of the grammarians, [he excepted it; i. e.] he excluded it from the predicament in which another thing was included, or in which other things were included: (Mgh:) الاِسْتِثْنَآءُ [in grammar] is the turning away the agent from reaching the object of the اِسْتِثْنَآء: (Msb:) in the case of an oath [and the like], it means the saying إِنْ شَآءَ اللّٰهُ [If God will]. (Mgh.) [See ثُنْيَا.]12 اثنونى: see 7; and see also 1.

ثِنْىٌ A duplication, or doubling, of a thing: (T, * S, Msb:) pl. أَثْنَآءٌ; (S, Msb;) or the sing. may be ↓ ثَنًى. (Msb.) b2: A folding: so in the saying, أَنْفَذْتُ كَذَا ثِنْىَ كِتَابِى, (S, TA,) or فِى ثِنْىِ كِتَابِىِ (so in a copy of the S,) i. e., فِى طَيِّهِ [lit. I sent, or transmitted, such a thing within the folding of my writing, or letter; meaning infolded, or enclosed, in it; and included in it]. (S, TA.) b3: A duplicature, or fold, of a garment, or piece of cloth: (TA:) or what is turned back of the extremities thereof: (T:) pl. as above: whence, in a trad. of Aboo-Hureyreh, كَانَ يَثْنِيهِ عَلَيْهِ أَثْنَآءً مِنْ سَعَتِهِ [He used to fold it upon him in folds by reason of its width]; meaning the garment. (TA.) [Hence the saying,] وَكَانَ ذٰلِكَ فِى أَثْنَآءِ كَذَا, i. e., فى غُضُونِهِ [lit and that was in the folds, meaning, in the midst, of such a thing, or such an affair, or event]. (TA.) And جَاؤُوا فِى أَثْنَآءِ الأَمْرِ They came in the midst of the affair, or event. (Msb.) [And hence, app.,] مَضَى ثِنْىٌ مِنَ اللَّيْل An hour, or a period, or a short portion, of the night passed; (M, K; *) syn. سَاعَةٌ, (Th, M, K,) or وَقْتٌ. (Lh, M, K.) [See also what is said below respecting its pl. in relation to a night.] b4: Also sing. of أَثْنَآءٌ meaning The parts of a thing that are laid together like the strands of a rope, or that are laid one upon another as layers or strata, or side by side as the things that compose a bundle; (قُوَاهُ, and طَاقَاتُهُ; [rendered by Freytag “ virtutes, facultates rei; ”]) and ↓ مَثَانٍ, of which the sing. is ↓ مَثْنَاةٌ and ↓ مِثْنَاةٌ, signifies the same. (M, K.) b5: Also A bending of the neck of a sheep, or goat, not in consequence of disease: (K: but in the M, ثَنْىٌ [inf. n. of 1]:) and a serpent's bending, or folding, of itself: (M, K:) and also (thus in the M, but in the K “or”) a curved part of a serpent that has folded itself; (M, K;) pl. أَثْنَآءٌ, (M,) i. e. the folds of a coiled serpent. (T.) The pl. is used metaphorically [as though meaning (tropical:) The turns] of a night. (M. [But see explanations of the sing. as used in relation to a night in what precedes.] b6: A part that is bent, or folded, or doubled, of a وِشَاح [q. v.]; (TA;) pl. as above: (T, TA:) and so of a rope: (S:) or a portion of the extremity of a rope folded, or doubled, [so as to form a loop,] for binding therewith the pastern of the fore leg of a beast, to serve as a tether. (T.) Tarafeh says, لَعَمْرُكَ إِنَّ المَوْتَ مَا أَخْطَأَ الفَتَى

لَكَالطِّوَلِ المُرْخَى وَثِنْيَاهُ بِالْيَدِ [By thy life, death, while missing the strong young man, is like the tether that is slackened while the two folded extremities thereof are upon the fore leg, or in the hand: see طِوَلٌ]: (T, S:) he means that the young man must inevitably die, though his term of life be protracted; like as the beast, though his tether be lengthened and slackened, cannot escape, being withheld by its two extremities: (so in a copy of the T:) or by ثنياه he means its extremity; using the dual form because it is folded, or doubled, upon the pastern, and tied with a double tie: (so in another copy of the T:) or he means, while its two extremities are in the hand of its owner: (EM p. 91:) by ما اخطأ, he means فِى إِخْطَائِهِ, (S in art. طول,) or مُدَّةَ إِخْطَائِهِ: and the ل [prefixed to the ك of comparison] is for corroboration. (EM ubi suprá.) You say also, رَبَّقَ أَثْنَآءَ الحَبْلِ, meaning He made loops in the middle of the rope to put upon the necks of the young lambs or kids. (T.) b7: Also A bend, or place of bending, of a valley, (S, M, * K,) and of a mountain: (S:) pl. as above: (M, K:) and ↓ مَثَانٍ [likewise] signifies the bends of a valley. (T, K.) A2: A she-camel that has brought forth twice, (S,) or two, (M,) or a second time: (K:) or, as some say, that has brought forth once: but the former is more analogical: (M:) one does not say ثِلْثٌ [as meaning “ that has brought forth thrice ”], nor use any similar epithet above this: (S, TA:) pl. ثُنَآءٌ, like ظُؤَارٌ pl. of ظِئْرٌ, accord. to Sb, (M, TA,) and أَثْنَآءٌ accord. to others: (TA:) in like manner it is applied to a woman, (S, M,) metaphorically: (M:) and to the she-camel's second young one: (S, M:) accord. to As, as related by A'Obeyd, a she-camel that has brought forth once: also that has brought forth twice: [so says Az, but he adds,] but what I have heard from the Arabs is this; that they term a she-camel that has brought forth her first young one بِكْر; and her first young one, her بِكْر; and when she brought forth a second, she is termed ثِنْىٌ; and her young one, her ثِنْى: and this is what is correct. (T.) [Hence the saying,] مَا هٰذَا الأَمْرُ مِنْكَ بِكْرًا وَلَا ثِنْيًا (tropical:) This thing, or affair, is not thy first nor thy second. (A and TA in art. بكر.) b2: See also ثُنْيَانٌ.

ثَنًى: see ثِنْىٌ, first sentence.

ثُنًى: see ثِنًى: b2: and see also ثُنْيَانٌ: b3: and اِثْنَانِ.

ثِنًى The repetition of a thing; doing it one time after another: (Aboo-Sa'eed, TA:) or a thing, or an affair, done twice: (S, Msb, TA:) this is the primary signification: (TA:) and ↓ ثُنًى signifies the same. (IB, TA.) It is said in a trad., لَا ثِنَى فِى الصَّدَقَةِ There shall be no repetition in the taking of the poor-rate; (IAth, TA;) [i. e.] the poor-rate shall not be taken twice in one year: (As, Ks, T, S, M, Mgh, K:) or two she-camels shall not be taken in the place of one for the poor-rate: (M, IAth, K: *) or there shall be no retracting of an alms; or no revoking it: (Mgh, K, * TA:) this last is the meaning accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, (Mgh, TA,) i. e. Ed-Dareeree, (Mgh,) who, in explaining this trad., as relating to the giving an alms to a man and then desiring to take it back, says he does not deny that ثِنًى

has the meaning first assigned to it above in this paragraph. (TA.) b2: See also ثُنْيانٌ: b3: and اِثْنَانِ.

ثَنْوَى and ثُنْوَى: see ثُنْيَا, in four places.

ثُنْيَةٌ: see ثُنْيَا, in three places.

ثِنْيَةٌ The lowest, most ignoble, or meanest, of the people of his house; applied to a man. (S, TA.) b2: Also pl. of ثُنْيَانٌ, q. v. (S, K.) ثُنْيَا a subst. from اِسْتِثْنَآءٌ; (S, Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ ثَنْوَى; the former with damm, and the latter with fet-h: (S, Msb:) both are syn. with اِسْتِثْنَآءٌ [used as a subst., meaning An exception]; (T;) as also ↓ ثَنِيَّةٌ, (T, K,) or ↓ ثُنْيَةٌ, (accord. to one copy of the T,) and ↓ مَثْنَوِيَّةٌ: (T:) so in the saying, حَلَفَ يَمِينًا لَيْسَ فِيهَا ثُنْيَا and ↓ ثُنْوَى and ↓ ثَنِيَّةٌ or ↓ ثُنْيَةٌ and ↓ مَثْنَوِيَّةٌ [he swore an oath in which there was not an exception]; for when the swearer says, “By God I will not do such and such things unless God will otherwise,” he reverses what he [first] says by God's willing otherwise: (T: [see 10:]) [and so in the saying,] ↓ حَلْفَةٌ غَيْرُ ذَاتِ مَثْنَوِيَّةٍ a swearing not made lawful [by an exception]: (M:) [so too in the saying,] ↓ بَيْعٌ مَا فِيهِ مَثْنَوِيَّةٌ [and ثُنْيَا &c.] (K in art. لحج) a sale in which there is not an exception: (TA in that art.:) or ثُنْيَا signifies a thing excepted, (M, Mgh, K,) whatever it be; (K) as also ↓ ثَنْوَى, (M, K,) with و substituted for ى, (M,) or ↓ ثُنْوَى, (so in the TA, [but probably through inadvertence,]) and ↓ ثَنِيَّةٌ, (M, K,) or ↓ ثُنْيَةٌ. (TA.) In a sale, it is unlawful when it is the exception of a thing unknown; and when one sells a slaughtered camel for a certain price and excepts the head and extremities: (T, TA:) or when an exception is made from things sold without measuring or weighting or numbering: and in a contract with another for labour upon land on the condition of sharing the produce, it is when one excepts a certain measure after the half or the third. (IAth, TA.) The saying of Mo-hammad, مَنِ اسْتَثْنَى فَلَهُ ثُنْيَاهُ means Whoso maketh an exception, his shall be what he excepteth: (M, TA: *) as, for instance, when one says, “I divorce her thrice, save once: ” or “ I emancipate them, except such a one. ” (TA.) b2: It also means particularly The head and legs of a slaughtered camel; (T, M, * K;) because the seller of the camel used, in the Time of Ignorance, to except them; (T;) and IF adds, but incorrectly, the back-bone: (Sgh, TA:) whence, applied to a she-camel, مُذَكَّرَةُ الثُّنْيَا, (T, M,) meaning Resembling the make of the male in [the largeness of] her head and legs; (Th, M;) or جُمَالِيَّةُ الثُّنْيَا, having thick legs, like those of the male camel in thickness. (T.) [Also, app., The exception, or omission, of a day, in irrigation: see 3 in art. ثلث, and ثِلْثٌ in the same art.] and ↓ ثَنِيَّةٌ signifies also A palm-tree that is excepted from a bargain. (M, K.) And The martyrs whom God has excepted from those who shall fall down dead or swooning: (M, K:) these, accord. to Kaab, are اللّٰهِ فِى الأَرْضِ ↓ ثَنِيّةُ [those whom God has excepted on the earth]; (T, M;) alluded to in the Kur [xxxix. 68], where it is said, “and the horn shall be blown, and those who are in the heavens and those on the earth shall fall down dead, or swooning, except those whom God shall please [to except]. ” (T.) ثُنْيَانٌ The second chief; the person who comes second as a chief; (A'Obeyd, T;) the person who is [next] below the سَيِّد, (S, M, K, [in some copies of the K, erroneously, سيل,]) in rank; (S;) as also ↓ ثِنًى (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, K) and ↓ ثُنًى (A'Obeyd, T, S, K) and ↓ ثِنْىٌ: (K:) pl. (of the first, S) ثِنْيَةٌ [which is also a sing., mentioned above]. (S, K.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce بَدْءٌ.] b2: A man having no judgment nor intelligence, or understanding. (M, K.) b3: Applied to judgment, or an opinion, (M, K,) (tropical:) Wrong, or having a wrong tendency; (M;) bad, corrupt, unsound, or wrong. (K, TA.) A2: Also a pl. of ثَنِىٌّ [q. v.]. (S, M, &c.) ثَنَوِىٌّ rel. n. of اِثْنَانِ, and of اِثْنَا عَشَرَ, when either or these is used as the proper name of a man; as also ↓ اِثْنِىٌّ [with ا when connected with a preceding word]; like بِنَوِىٌّ and اِبْنِىٌّ as rel. ns. of اِبْنٌ. (S.) b2: And الثَّنَوِيَّةُ [The Dualists;] the sect who assert the doctrine of Dualism [الاِثْنَيْنِيَّة]. (TA.) ثَنَآءٌ, [and accord. to the CK, ثَنِيَّةٌ, but this is a mistranscription for تَثْنِيَة, inf. n. of ثَنَّى, and تَثْنِيَة is a mistake for تَثْبِيَة, inf. n. of ثَبَّى, (see 4,)] Praise, eulogy, or commendation, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) of a man, (T, M,) and of God: (T:) and dispraise, censure, or discommendation, (T, M, Msb, K,) of a man: (T, M:) or the former only: (M, K:) or more frequently the former: (Msb:) so termed because it is repeated: (Ham p. 696:) that it relates to good speech and evil is asserted by many. (TA.) ثُنَآءُ and ثُنَآءَ: see مَثْنَى.

ثِنَآءٌ The cord, or rope, with which a camel's fore shank and his arm are bound together; (S, K;) and the like; consisting of a folded, or doubled, cord, or rope: each of the folds, or duplicatures, thereof would be thus termed if the word were used in the sing. form: (S:) Ibn-EsSeed [in the CK, erroneously, Ibn-Es-Seedeh] allows it; and therefore it is given as on his authority in the K: (TA:) and Lth allows it; but in this instance he allows what the Arabs do not allow: (T:) you say, عَقَلْتُ البَعِيرَ بِثِنَايَيْنِ, meaning I bound together the fore shanks and the arms of the camel with a rope, (S,) or with two ropes, (M, [but this is probably a mistake of a copyist,]) or with the two ends of a rope; (Az, T, S, M;) without ء because the word has no sing.: (Kh, Sb, T, S:) Lth allows one's saying بِثِنَآءَيْنِ also; but the Basrees and Koofees [in general] agree that it is without ء: (T:) IB says that it has no sing. because it is a single rope, with one end of which one fore leg is bound, and with the other end the other leg; and IAth says the like: (TA:) this rope is also called ↓ ثِنَايَةٌ; but a single rope for binding one fore shank and arm is not thus called. (T.) See also ثِنَايَةٌ. b2: And see ثَانٍ.

A2: The فِنَآء [or court, or open or wide space, in front, or extending from the sides,] (M, K,) of a house: (M:) [in the CK, الغِناءُ is erroneously put for الفِناءُ:] accord. to IJ, from ثَنَى, aor. ـْ because there one is turned back, by its limits, from expatiating; but A'Obeyd holds the ث to be a substitute for ف. (M.) ثَنِىٌّ Shedding his tooth called the ثَنِيَّة [q. v.]: (S, M, Msb:) or that has shed the tooth so called: (T, Mgh:) applied to a camel &c., as follows: (T, S, M, &c.:) or, as some say, to any animal that has shed that tooth, except man: (M:) fem. with ة: (T, S, M, Msb, K:) a camel in the sixth year; (T, S, M, IAth, Mgh, Msb, K;) the least age at which he may be sacrificed: (T:) and a horse in the fourth year; (IAar, T, Mgh, K;) or in the third year: (S, Msb:) and a cloven-hoofed animal, (S, Mgh, Msb,) or a sheep or goat and an animal of the bovine kind, [respecting which last see عَضْبٌ,] (T, IAth, K,) in the third year: (T, S, IAth, Mgh, Msb, K:) or a sheep and a goat, (M,) the latter accord. to the persuasion of Ahmad [Ibn-Hambal], (TA,) in the second year: (M:) and a gazelle after the age at which he is termed جَذَعٌ: (M: [see شَصَرٌ:]) in all cases, after what is termed جَذَعٌ and before what is termed رَبَاعٍ: (Mgh:) pl. (masc., S, TA) ثُنْيَانٌ and ثِنَآءٌ (S, M, Mgh, Msb) and ثُنَآءٌ, and, accord. to Sb, ثُنٍ; (M;) and pl. fem. ثَنِيَّاتٌ. (S.) الثُّنَىُّ, or الثُّنِىُّ: see اِثْنَانِ.

ثَنِيَّةٌ I. q. عَقَبَةٌ: (AA, M, Mgh, K:) or the latter means a long mountain that lies across the road, and which the road traverses; and the former, any such mountain that is traversed: (T:) so called because it lies before the road, and crosses it; or because it turns away him who traverses it: (Mgh:) or the road of what is termed عَقَبَة: (S; and so in copies of the K:) or a high road of what is thus termed: (K accord. to the TA:) or a road in, or upon, a mountain, (M, K,) like that which is termed نَقْبٌ [q. v.]: (M:) or a road to a mountain: (M, K:) or a mountain (M, K) itself: (M:) or a part of a mountain that requires one, in traversing it, to ascend and descend; as though it turned the course of journeying: (Er-Rághib, TA:) pl. ثَنَايَا: (T, S:) which signifies also [such roads as are termed] مَدَارِج. (T.) Hence the phrase, فُلَانٌ طَلَّاعُ الثَّنَايَا Such a one rises to eminences, or to lofty things or circumstances, or to the means of attaining such things; like the phrase طَلَّاعُ أَنْجُدٍ

[q. v.]: (S:) or, like the latter phrase, is accustomed to embark in, or undertake, or to surmount, or master, lofty and difficult things: (Mgh:) or is hardy, strong, or sturdy; one who embarks in, or undertakes, great affairs. (TA. [See an ex. under the heading of اِبْنُ جَلَا, in art. جلو: and see also art. طلع.]) b2: Also, (T, S, M, &c.,) pl. ثَنَايَا (T, S, Mgh, Msb) and ثَنِيَّاتٌ, (Msb,) One of certain teeth, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) the foremost in the mouth, (M,) [namely, the central incisors,] four in number, (T, M, Mgh, Msb,) to man, and to the camel, (T, M, &c.,) and to the wild beast, (M,) in the fore part of the mouth, (T, Mgh, K,) two above and two below: (T, M, Mgh, K:) so called as being likened to the ثَنِيَّة of a mountain, in form and hardness; (TA;) or because each of them is placed next to its fellow. (Mgh.) A2: Also fem. of ثَنِىٌّ [q. v.]. (T, S, M, &c.) A3: See also ثُنْيَا, in five places.

ثِنَايَةٌ A cord, or rope, of goats' hair (شَعَر), or of wool, (S, K,) or of other material; (K;) as also ↓ ثِنَآءٌ (K) and ↓ مِثْنَاةٌ and ↓ مَثْنَاةٌ; (M, K;) which last is explained by IAar as signifying [simply] a cord, or rope: (M:) [or] the first has the meaning assigned to it above, voce ثِنَآءٌ; syn. with ثِنَايَانِ: and signifies also a long rope; whence the saying of Zuheyr, describing the [she-camel termed] سَانِيَة, تَمْطُو الرِّشَآءَ وَتُجْرِى فِى ثِنَايَتِهَا مِنَ المَحَالَةِ قَبًّا رَائِدًا قَلِقَا (T,) meaning [She draws the well-rope, and causes to run,] with her ثناية upon her, (ISk, T,) [a wabbling, unsteady, sheave (?) of the large pulley;] the ثناية here being a rope of which the two ends are tied to the saddle (قَتَب) of the سانية; the [upper] end of the well-rope being tied to its ↓ مِثْنَاة [which here means the folded middle part]: (T:) but Aboo-Sa'eed says that it [here] means a piece of wood by which are connected the two extremities of the cheeks, or side-pieces, (طرفا الميلين, [the latter of which words I here render conjecturally, supposing it to be similar in meaning to القَعْوِ or القَعْوَيْنِ,]) above the محالة, and a similar piece below; the محالة and [qu. or] the sheave turning between the tow pieces thus called. (T, in a later portion of the art.) ثُنَائِىٌّ [a rel. n. from اِثْنَانِ, anomalously formed, but analogous with other rel. ns. from ns. of number, as رُبَاعِىٌّ ثُلَاثِىٌّ, &c., Of, or relating to, two things]. b2: كَلِمَةٌ ثُنَائِيَّةٌ A word comprising, or composed of, two letters; as يَدٌ, and دُمْ [or دَمٌ?]. (TA.) ثِنْتَانِ a fem of اِثْنَانِ, q. v.

ثَانٍ [act. part. n. of 1; Doubling, or folding; &c.]. Hence, هُوَ ثَانٍ رِجْلَهُ While he was bending his leg before rising, or standing up. (TA from a trad.) [And جَآءَ ثَانِىَ عِطْفِهِ: see art. عطف.] One says of a horseman who has bent the neck of his beast on the occasion of his vehement running, جَآءَ ثَانِىَ العِنَانِ [He came bending the rein by pulling it with both hands a little apart]: (T:) or جَآءَ ثَانِيًا مِنْ عِنَانِهِ [he came bending a part of his rein]. (S.) And of the horse himself, one says, جَآءَ سَابِقًا ثَانِيًا, i. e. He came outstripping, with bent neck, by reason of briskness; because when he is fatigued, he stretches out his neck; and when he is not fatigued nor jaded by running, but comes in his first run, he bends his neck: and hence the saying of the poet, وَمَنْ يَفْخَرْ بِمِثْلِ أَبِى وَجَدِّى

يَجِئْ قَبْلَ السَّوَابِقِ وَهُوَ ثَانِى

i. e. [And he who glories in the like of my father and my grandfather, let him come before the mares that outstrip,] he being like the horse that outstrips [all others], with bent neck; or it may mean, he bending the neck of his horse which has outstripped the others. (T.) [Hence also,] شَاةٌ ثَانِيَةٌ A sheep, or goat, bending the neck, not in consequence of disease. (M, K.) b2: [Also Second; the ordinal of two: fem. with ة.] You say, هٰذَا ثَانِى هٰذَا [This is the second of this]; i. e. this is what has made this a pair, or couple: (M:) and فُلَانٌ (T) or هٰذَا (S) ثَانِى اثْنَيْنِ, (T, S,) i. e. Such a one, or this, is [the second of two, or] one of the two; (T, S;) like as you say ثَالِتُ ثَلَاثَةٍ; and so on to عَشَرَة: but not with tenween: (S:) [i. e.,] you may not say ثانٍ اثْنَيْنِ: (T: [see ثَالِثٌ:]) but if the two [terms] disagree, you may use either mode; (S;) you may say, هٰذَا (S) or هُوَ (Mgh) ثَانِى وَاحِدٍ and ثَانٍ وَاحِدًا, (S, Mgh,) i. e. This has become a second to one, (S,) [or rather, becomes &c. (i. e. يَثْنِى rather than ثَنَى),] or he, or it, makes one, with himself, or itself, to be two. (Mgh.) ↓ ثِنَآء also signifies the same in a trad. respecting the office of commander, or governor, or prince; where it is said, أَوَّلُهَا مَلَامَةٌ وَثِنَاؤُهَا نَدَامَةٌ وَثِلَاثُهَا عَذابُ يَوْمِ القِيَامَةِ إِلَّا مَنْ عَدَلَ, i. e. [The first result thereof is blame, and] the second [is regret, and] the third [is the punishment of the day of resurrection, except in the case of him who acts equitably]: so says Sh. (T.) b3: And الثَّوَانِى [pl. of الثَّانِيَةُ] signifies [The second horns;] the horns that are [next] after the أَوَائِل. (M.) b4: [ثَانِىَ عَشَرَ and ثَانِيَةَ عَشْرَةَ, the former masc. and the latter fem., meaning Twelfth, are subject to the same rules as ثَالِثَ عَشَرَ and its fem., explained in art. ثلث.]

أَثْنَآءٌ pl. of ثِنْىٌ and of اِثْنَانِ: and also syn. with this latter, q. v.

اِثْنِىٌّ: see ثَنَوِىٌّ.

اِثْنَانِ a noun of number; (S, Msb;) applied to the dual number; (Msb;) meaning [Two;] the double of وَاحِدٌ; (M, K;) with a conjunctive ا [when not immediately preceded by a quiescence, written اثْنَانِ]; (T, S, Msb;) but this is sometimes made disjunctive when connected with a preceding word by poetic license: (T, S:) of the masc. gender: (S:) fem. اِثْنَتَانِ, (T, S, Msb,) in which, also, the ا is conjunctive; (T, Msb;) and ↓ ثِنْتَانِ; (T S, M, Msb, K;) the latter sometimes used, (T,) [much less frequently than the former, though the only fem. form mentioned in the M and K,] and of the dial. of Temeem; (Msb;) like as one says, هِىَ ابْنَةُ فُلَانٍ and هِىَ بِنْتُهُ: (T:) the ت in the dual is a substitute for the final radical, ى, (M, TA,) as it is in أَسْنَتُوا, the only other instance of this substitution except in words of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ: (Sb, M, TA:) in اِثْنَانِ, the final radical, ى is suppressed: (Msb:) it has no sing.: (Lth, T:) if it were allowable to assign to it a sing., it would be اِثْنٌ [for the masc.] and اِثْنَةٌ [for the fem.], like اِبْنٌ and اِبْنَةٌ: (S:) accord. to some, (Msb,) it is originally ثِنْىٌ; (T, Msb, CK;) and hence the dual ثِنْتَانِ: (Msb:) or it is originally ثَنَىٌ, (M, Msb, and so in a copy of the K,) the conjunctive ا being then substituted for the ى whence the dual اثْنَانِ, like ابْنَانِ: (Msb:) this is shown by the form of its pl., which is أَثْنَآءٌ, (M, K,) like أَبْنَآءٌ [pl. of ابْنٌ, which is originally بَنَىٌ or بَنَوٌ,] and آخَآءٌ [pl. of أَخٌ, which is originally أَخَوٌ]. (M.) In the saying in the Kur [xvi. 53], لَا تَتَّخِذُوا إِٰلهَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ [Take not to yourselves two gods], the last word is added as a corroborative. (M.) The phrase ثِنْتَا حَنْظَلٍ occurs, by poetic license, for اِثْنَتَانِ مِنْ حَنْظَلٍ, meaning حَنْظَلَتَانِ [Two colo-cynths]. (S.) You say also, القَدَحِ ↓ شَرِبْتُ أَثْنَآءَ, and شَرِبْتُ اثْنَىْ هٰذَا القَدَحِ, meaning [I drank] twice as much as the bowl, and as this bowl: and in like manner, شَرِبْتُ اثْنَىْ مُدِّ البَصْرَةِ and اثْنَيْنِ بِمُدِّ البَصْرَةِ [I drank twice the quantity of the مُدّ of El-Basrah]. (M.) And a poet says, ↓ فَمَا حُلِبَتْ إِلَّا الثَّلَاثَةَ وَالثُّنَى

وَلَا قُيِّلَتْ إِلَّا قَرِيبًا مَقَالُهَا meaning [And she was not milked save] three vessels and two, [nor was she given her middaydrink save when her midday-resting was near.] (IAar, M.) b2: Hence, (Msb,) يَوْمُ الاِثْنَيْنِ, (S, Msb,) or الاِثْنَانِ alone, (M, K,) One of the days of the week; [the second; namely, Monday;] because the first, with the Arabs, is الأَحَدُ; (M;) as also ↓ الثِّنَى, like إِلَى; (K;) so in the copies of the K; [or,] accord. to some, ↓ الثُّنِىُّ, [originally الثُّنُوىُ,] of the measure فُعُول, like ثُدِىٌّ [pl. of ثَدْىٌ], is used in this sense; (TA;) or ↓ اليَوْمُ الثُّنَىُّ, [so in the M, accord. to the TT,] mentioned by Sb, on the authority of certain of the Arabs: (M:) the pl. is أَثْنَآءٌ and أَثَانِينُ, (M, K,) the latter mentioned on the authority of Th: but it has no dual: and those who say أَثْنَآءٌ form this pl. from الاِثْنُ, although this has not been in use: (M:) or it has neither dual nor pl., (S, Msb,) being itself a dual; (S;) but if you would form a pl. from it, you would regard it as itself a sing., and make its pl. أَثَانِينُ: (S, Msb:) IB says that أَثَانِينُ has not been heard [from the Arabs], and is only mentioned by Fr, on the ground of analogy; that it is far-fetched in respect of analogy; and that the pl. heard is أَثْنَآءٌ: Seer and others mention, as heard from the Arabs, إِنَّهُ لَيَصُومُ الأَثْنَآءَ [Verily he fasts on the Mondays]. (TA.) الثنين in يوم الثنين has no dim. (Sb, S in art. امس.) IJ says that the article ال in الثنين is not redundant, though the word is not an epithet: Abu-l-'Abbás says that the prefixing of the article in this case is allowable because the virtual meaning is اليَوْمُ الثَّانِى [the second day]. (M.) The saying اليَوْمُ الاِثْنَانِ means The name of to-day [is الاثنان]; and is like the saying اليَوْمُ يَوْمَانِ [to-day is two days] and اليَوْمُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ [to-day is fifteen of the month]. (Sb, M.) Sometimes, يَوْمُ اثْنَيْنِ, without the article ال, occurs in poetry. (M, K.) When a pronoun refers to الاثنان [as meaning Monday], this word may be treated in two ways, [as a sing. and as a dual,] but the more chaste way is to treat it as a sing., as meaning the day: (Msb:) [thus,] Aboo-Ziyád used to say, مَضَى الاِثْنَانِ بِمَا فِيهِ [Monday passed with what occurred in it]; making it sing. and masc.; and thus he did in the case of every day of the week, except that he made الجُمْعَة fem.: Abu-I-Jarráh used to say, مَضَى الاِثْنَانِ بِمَا فِيهِمَا, treating the word as a numeral; and thus he treated the third and fourth and fifth days, saying in each of these cases بِمَا فِيهِنَّ. (M.) b3: [اِثْنَا عَشَرَ, fem. اِثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ; respectively, in a case of nasb and khafd, اِثْنَىْ عَشَرَ and اِثْنَتَىْ عَشْرَةَ; and with ا when not immediately preceded by a quiescence; mean Twelve: see عَشَرَةٌ.]

اِثْنَوِىٌّ, [with ا when not immediately preceded by a quiescence, in the CK erroneously written اَثْنَوِىّ,] One who fasts alone on the second day of the week. (IAar, Th, M, K.) الاِثْنَيْنِيَّةُ [The doctrine of dualism: see ثَنَوِىٌّ]. (TA.) مَثْنَى (S, Mgh) and ↓ ثُنَآءُ (T, S) [Two and two; two and two together; or two at a time and two at a time]: they are imperfectly decl., in like manner as [مَثْلَثُ and] ثُلَاثُ, as explained in art. ثلث; (S, TA;) [because] changed from the original form of اِثْنَانِ اثْنَانِ; (T, Mgh, TA;) or because of their having the quality of epithets and deviating from the original form of اِثْنَانِ; (Sb, S in art. ثلث, q. v.;) or because they deviate from their original as to the letter and the meaning; the original word being changed as above stated, and the meaning being changed to اِثْنَانِ اثْنَانِ. (S ibid.) You say, جَاؤُوا مَثْنَى and ↓ ثُنَآءَ (M, K) or مَثْنَى مَثْنَى, (S,) but this is a repetition of the word only, not of the meaning, (Mgh,) and in like manner one says of women, (M, K, *) i. e. They came two [and] two. (S, M, K.) And it is said in a trad., صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى, i. e. The prayer of night is two rek'ahs [and] two rek'ahs (رَكْعَتَانِ رَكْعَتَانِ). (TA.) [See also other exs. voce ثُلَاثُ.] b2: مَثْنَى الأَيَادِى The repeating a benefit, or benefaction; or reiterating it; conferring it twice, or thrice; (As, T, K;) or twice, or more than twice: (K:) or the shares remaining of the slaughtered camel (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, K) in the game called المَيْسِر, (A'Obeyd, T, S, K,) which shares a bountiful man used to purchase, and give for food to the أَبْرَام, (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, K,) i. e., those who took no part in the game, not contributing: (M:) or the taking a portion time after time. (AA, T, S, M.) b3: مَثَانٍ [is pl. of مَثْنًى as signifying A place of doubling, or folding &c.: and hence means b4: ] The knees and elbows of a horse or similar beast. (T, K.) b5: And The bends of a valley. (T, K. See ثِنْىٌ.) b6: And, as pl. of مَثْنًى, The chords of the lute that are after the first: (M, K:) or مثنى signifies a chord [of a lute] composed of two twists: or, as some say, the second chord. (Har p. 244. See مَثْلَثٌ.) b7: مَثْنًى also signifies The زِمَام [or noserein] of a she-camel: and Er-Rághib says that the مثناة [i. e. ↓ مَثْنَاة or ↓ مِثْنَاة] is the doubled, or folded, part of the extremity of the زِمَام. (TA.) b8: المَثَانِى as relating to the Kur-án is pl. of مَثْنًى, (Mgh,) or of ↓ مَثْنَاةٌ: (AHeyth, T, Mgh:) it has three applications, accord. to A'Obeyd: (T, Mgh:) it signifies The Kur-án altogether; (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, Mgh, K;) so in the Kur xxxix 24; (A'Obeyd, T, Mgh;) meaning that the mention of reward and punishment is repeated, or reiterated, in it; (Fr, T;) or so called because the verse of mercy is conjoined with that of punishment; (S;) or because narratives and promises and threats are repeated in it; or because one peruses it repeatedly without being wearied: (Mgh:) or it signifies, (M, K,) or signifies also, (A'Obeyd, T, S, Mgh,) [the first chapter, called] the فَاتِحَة, (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, Mgh,) or الحَمْدُ, (K,) which means the same; (TA;) so in the Kur xv. 87; (A'Obeyd, T, Mgh;) because it is repeated, or recited twice, in every [act of prayer termed a] رَكْعَة, (Fr, Zj, AHeyth, T, S,) or with every chapter, (Th, M,) or in every prayer; (Mgh;) or because containing praise of God: (Zj, T, Mgh:) [but see السَّبْعُ المَثَانِى voce سَبْعَةٌ:] or it signifies, (M, K,) or signifies also, (A'Obeyd, T, S, Mgh,) the chapters that are less than those containing a hundred verses, (S, M, Mgh,) or that are less than the long ones (الطُّوَل, q. v.), and less than those containing a hundred verses, (A'Obeyd, T, K, but in [most of] the copies of the K دُونَ المِأَتَيْنِ is put in the place of دُونَ المِئِينَ, which is the right reading, TA,) and more than [those of the portion called] the مُفَصَّل, (A'Obeyd, T, Mgh, K,) as is related on the authority of the Prophet by Ibn-Mes'ood and 'Othmán and Ibn-'Abbás; (AHeyth, T;) because, (Mgh,) or as though, (T,) occupying the second place after those containing a hundred verses: (T, Mgh:) or the chapters, (T, K,) six and twenty in number, (T,) entitled الحَجّ and القَصَص and النَّمْل and النُّور and الأَنْفَال and مَرْيَم and العَنْكَبُوت and الرُّوم and يَاسِين and الفُرْقَان and الحِجْر and الرَّعْد and سَبَا and المَلَائِكَة and إِبْرَاهِيم and صَاد and مُحَمَّد and لُقْمٰن and الغُرَف and المُؤْمِن and الزُّخْرُف and السَّجْدَة and الأَحْقَاف and الجَاثِيَة and الدُّخَان (T, K) and الأَحْزَاب, (K,) which last has been omitted by the copyists of the T: (TA:) or the chapters of which the first is the بَقَرَة, and the last is بَرَآءَة: or what is repeated, of the Kur-án, time after time. (M, K.) مَثْنَاةٌ; pl. مَثَانٍ: see ثِنْىٌ: and ثِنَايَةٌ: and مَثْنًى; the last in two places. b2: It is said in a trad. that one of the signs of the resurrection will be the public reading, or reciting, of the مَثْنَاة, (T, S,) which means That which has been desired to be transcribed from a source other than the Book of God: (T:) or a certain book, (T, K,) [the Mishna,] which the learned men, and the recluses, of the Children of Israel, after Moses, composed after their own desire, from a source other than the Book of God, as A'Obeyd says on the authority of a man learned in the books of the earlier times, (T,) containing the histories of the Children of Israel after Moses, in which they allowed and disallowed what they pleased: (K:) or what is sung: (K:) or what is called in Persian دُو بَيْتِى, (S, K,) which means two verses, each composed of a pair of hemistichs; (TA;) i. e. what is sung; but A'Obeyd explains it otherwise than thus: (S:) it is what is known among the 'Ajam by the term ↓ مَثْنَوِىٌّ, as though this were a rel. n. from مَثْنَاةٌ: the vulgar say [erroneously] ذُو بَيْت, with the pointed ذ. (TA.) مِثْنَاةٌ; pl. مَثَانٍ: see ثِنْىٌ: and ثِنَايَةٌ; the latter in two places: and see also مَثْنًى.

مُثَنًّى [pass. part. n. of 2. b2: Dualized: a dual. b3: مُثَنَّاةٌ فَوْقِيَّةٌ Marked with two points above: an epithet added to تآء to prevent its being mistaken for بآء or ثآء or يآء. And مُثَنَّاةٌ تَحْتِيَّةٌ Marked with two points below: an epithet added to يآء to prevent its being mistaken for بآء or تآء or ثآء.]

b4: الطَّويلُ المُثَنَّى (assumed tropical:) That which passes away [out of sight, or disappears,] by length; mostly used of a thing that is long without breadth. (TA.) مَثْنِىٌّ [pass. part. n. of 1; Doubled or folded &c.] b2: أَرْضٌ مَثْنِيَّةٌ Land, or ground, turned over twice for sowing, or cultivating. (Mgh, and A and TA in art. ثلث.) مَثْنَوِىٌّ: see مَثْنَاةٌ.

مَثْنَوِيَّةٌ: see ثُنْيَا, in four places.

نضر

1 نَضُرَ, aor. ـُ (IAar, S, A, Msb, K;) and نَضَرَ, aor. ـُ and نَضِرَ, aor. ـَ (IAar, S, A. K;) the last [also] mentioned by A'Obeyd; (S;) inf. n. نَضَارَةٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) of the first; (S, Msb;) and نُضُورٌ (K) and نَضْرَةٌ, (S, A, K,) of the second, (S,) or this is a simple subst., (Msb,) and نَضْرٌ, (TA,) [also of the second;] and نَضَرٌ, (K;) [of the third;] and ↓ أَنْضَرَ; (IAar, L, K, TA;) It (a tree, A, K, and a plant, A, and foliage, TA, and a colour, K, and a face, IAar, S, Msb, K, and anything, TA,) was, or became, beautiful (S, Msb, K,) and bright: (S * [see نَضْرَةٌ below] or, when said of a face, tropically used, (A,) signifying as above: (TA:) or (tropical:) it was, or became, beautiful and fresh: or beautiful and fine-skinned, so that the blood appeared [through the skin]: syn. حَسُنَ وَغَضَّ: (A:) or pleasant: (Fr:) and ↓ انضر, said of a tree, its foliage became green. (TA.) b2: [When said of a man, sometimes signifying He was, or became, in a state of enjoyment, or in a plentiful and pleasant and easy state of life; agreeably with a usage of نَضَرَ and ↓ نَضَّرَ and ↓ أَنْضَرَ to be mentioned below. And in like manner, when said of life, it signifies It was, or became plentiful and pleasant and easy.]

A2: نَضَرَهُ اللّٰهُ, (IAar, S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. نَضْرٌ; (TA;) and ↓ نضّرهُ, (S, A, K,) or this has an intensive signification; (Msb;) and ↓ انضرهُ; (IAar, S, A, K;) when the pronoun relates to the face, (IAar, S, A,) in which case it is tropical, (A,) [or to a tree, or colour, as is implied in the K,] God made it beautiful (S, A, K,) and bright. (S, * TA.) b2: When the pronoun relates to a man, the meaning (of the first of these three forms, as mentioned by En-Nadr and Sh and in the Mgh and TA, and of the ↓ second, as mentioned by As, and En-Nadr and Sh, &c., and of the ↓ third, as mentioned in the TA,) is God made him to have enjoyment, or plentiful and pleasant and easy life; syn. نَعَّمَهُ; (S, Mgh, Msb, TA;) or جَعَلهُ نَاضِرًا [which signifies the same]: (A'Obeyd:) or نَضَرَهُ اللّٰه, (El-Azdee, Mgh,) and اللّٰه ↓ نضّرهُ, (El-Hasan El-Muäddib, TA:) signifies (assumed tropical:) God made his rank, or station, good (El-Azdee, El-Hasan El-Muäddib, Mgh, TA,) among mankind: (El-Hasan El-Muäddib, TA:) not relating to beauty of the face; (ElAzdee, El-Hasan El-Muäddib, Mgh, TA:) but is similar to the saying, أُطْلُبُوا الحَوَائِجَ إِلَى

حِسَانِ الوُجُوهِ [which see explained in art. وجه]. (El-Hasan El-Muäddib, TA.) As cites this verse: نَضَّرَ اللّٰهُ أَعْظُمًا دَفَنُوهَا بِسِجِسْتَانَ طَلْحَةَ الطَّلَحَاتِ

[May God grant enjoyment to bones which they have buried in Sijistán: (I mean) Talhat-et- Talahát]. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., نَضَرَ اللّٰهُ عَبْدًا سَمِعَ مَقَالَتِى فَوَعَاهَا ثُمَّ أَدّاهَا

إِلى مَنْ يَسْمَعَهَا, (Sh, S, * A, * Mgh, * TA,) or ↓ نَضَّرَ, (Sh, S, in which latter we read امْرَأَ in the place of عبدا, and A, in which we find مَنْ in the place of عبدا, and Mgh; the reading ↓ نضّر alone being given in the copies which I have of the S and A;) May God cause to have enjoyment, or a plentiful and pleasant and easy life, [the servant, or man, who hears what I say, and keeps it in mind, then conveys it to him who hears it:] (S, Mgh, in explanation of the latter reading, and TA, in explanation of both readings:) or (assumed tropical:) may God make to have a good rank or station &c. (Mgh, in explanation of the former reading.) 2 نضّرهُ اللّٰه: see نَضَرَهُ, throughout.4 انضر: see نَضُرَ, in two places.

A2: انضرهُ اللّٰهُ: see نَضَرَهُ, throughout.

نَضْرٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ نُضَارٌ (S, A, K, [in the CK نَضَار] and TA) and ↓ نَضِيرٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ أَنْضَرُ (K [without tenween, though this is not shown in the K, as it is originally an epithet, though it may be obsolete as an epithet,]) Gold: (S, A, Msb, K;) as also ↓ نِضَارٌ: (Es-Sukkaree:) or silver; (K;) as also ↓ نِصَارٌ: (Es-Sukkaree:) or generally the former: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] (of the first, S.) أَنْضُرٌ, (S, K,) and [of mult.]

نِضَارٌ: (K:) or (so accord. to the S and A, but in the K, and) ↓ نُضَارٌ signifies what is pure, (S, A, K,) of gold &c., (A,) or of native or unwrought gold or silver, (Lth, K,) and of wood, (Lth,) or of anything: (S:) and is used as an epithet, applied to gold (TA:) and ↓ نَضْرَةٌ [n. un. of نَضْرٌ] signifies a molten piece of gold. (TA.) نَضِرٌ: see نَاضِرٌ.

نَضْرَةٌ Beauty (S, Msb, K,) and brightness: (S, TA:) so in the Kur, lxxvi. 11. (Jel.) [The above explanation in the Msb and K, “beauty,” is evidently imperfect. Accord. to the Msb, the word is a simple subst., not an inf. n.] (assumed tropical:) Pleasantness of countenance. b2: نَضْرَةُ لنَّعِيمِ (assumed tropical:) The beauty and brightness of aspect characteristic of enjoyment, or of a plentiful and pleasant and easy state of existence: so in the Kur, lxxx ii: 24: (Bd, Jel:) or the brightness, or glistening, and moisture (نَدَا) [upon the skin] characteristic thereof. (Fr.) b3: Enjoyment; or a plentiful and pleasant and easy life; syn. نَعْمَةٌ [in the CK نِعْمَة]. (A, K.) b4: Richness; or competence or sufficiency. (A, K.) b5: Life. (A, K.) A2: See also نَضْرٌ.

نُضَارٌ: see نَضْرٌ; each in two places. See also غَرَبٌ.

نِضَارٌ: see نَضْرٌ; each in two places. See also غَرَبٌ.

نَضِيرٌ: see نَاضِرٌ, in two places: A2: and see نَضْرٌ.

نَاضِرٌ (A, L, K) and ↓ نَضِيرٌ (A, L, Msb, K) and ↓ نَضِرٌ, (A, L,) [being epithets from نَضَرَ and نَضُرَ and نَضِرَ, respectively,] and ↓ أَنْضَرُ, accord. to the K, but in the place of this we find in the corresponding passage in the L the verb أَنْضَرَ, with the addition “ is like نَضَرَ,” (TA,) Beautiful (Msb, K) and bright. (TA.) So in the Kur, lxxv. 22, وُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ نَاضِرَةٌ (assumed tropical:) Faces on that day shall be beautiful and bright: (Bd, Jel:) or shining by reason of enjoyment, or of a beautiful and pleasant and easy state of existence. (Fr.) [These epithets have also other, similar, significations, shown by explanations of نَضُرَ and its variations.] نَاضِرٌ is coupled with غَضٌّ, as an epithet applied to a boy, (A,) and so ↓ نَضِيرٌ; (TA,) and نَاضرَةٌ with غَضَّةٌ, applied to a girl, (A,) and so نَضِيرَةٌ; (TA;) and thus used are tropical. (A.) b2: نَاضِرٌ also signifies Intense in greenness: (K:) you say أَخْضَرُ نَاضِرٌ [intense, or bright, green], (S, K,) like as you say أَصْفَرُ فَاقِعٌ and أَبْيَضُ نَاصِعٌ: (S:) and in like manner it is used as an intensive epithet applied to any colour: you say أَحْمَرُ نَاضِرٌ [intense, or bright, red], and أَصْفَرُ نَاضِرٌ [intense, or bright, yellow]: (K:) so says IAar: (TA:) or أَخْضَرُ نَاصِرٌ signifies smooth green, accord. to A'Obeyd, and Az adds, glistening in its clearness. (TA.) أَنْضَرُ: see نَضْرٌ: A2: and see نَاضِرٌ.

نضف &c.

سمو

1 سَمَا, (S, M, Msb, K,) first Pers\. سَمَوْتُ, like عَلَوْتُ, (S,) aor. ـْ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. سُمُوٌّ; (S, M, K;) and سَمِىَ, first Pers\. سَمِيتُ, (Th, S, TA,) like عَلِيتُ; (S;) He, (a man, Th, S,) or it, (a thing, M,) was, or became, high, lofty, raised, upraised, uplifted, upreared, exalted, or elevated; it rose, or rose high: (S, M, Msb, K:) and ↓ تسامى signifies the same. (MA. [See also 5.]) b2: سَمَالِىَ الشَّىْءُ The thing became raised from afar so that I plainly distinguished it: (K:) or, as in the S, سَمَا لِىَ الشَّخْصُ the form, or figure, seen from a distance, rose, or became raised, to me [i. e. to my view] so that I plainly distinguished it. (TA.) b3: سَمَا الهِلَالُ The moon near the change rose مُرْتَفِعًا [app. meaning upreared, not decumbent: see أَدْفَقُ]. (TA.) b4: [سَمَا لَهُ or نَحْوَهُ He rose, and betook himself, to, or towards, him, or it. Hence,] مَاسَمَوْتُ لَكُمْ I will not [or (unless the phrase be an apodosis) I did not] rise and hasten to fight you. (TA.) b5: سَمَا بَصَرَهُ His sight, or eye, rose, or became raised. (S, TA.) [And سَمَاطَرْفُهُ lit. signifies the same; but means (assumed tropical:) His look was lofty; or he was proud: see سَامٍ, below.] b6: سَمَا is also said of him who is termed حَسِيبٌ and شَرِيفٌ [i. e. it signifies He was, or became, noble; or high, or exalted, in rank]. (TA.) b7: سَمَتة هِمَّتُهُ إِلَى مَعَالِى الأُمْورِ [His ambition soared, or aspired, to high things, or the means of attaining eminence;] he sought glory, or might, and eminence. (Msb, TA.) b8: سَمَابِى شَوْقَ بَعْدَ أَنْ كَانَ أَقْصَرَ [A yearning, or longing, of the soul arose in me after it had ceased]. (TA.) b9: هُمْ يَسْمُونَ عَلَى المِائَةِ They exceed [or are above] the number of a hundred. (TA.) b10: سَمَوْا, (S, K, TA,) and ↓ استموا, (S,) They went forth to pursue the animals of the chase (S, K, TA) in their deserts: (TA:) [or] one says of the hunter, or sportsman, يَسْمُو الوَحْشَ, and ↓ يَسْتَمِيهَا, meaning he sees, or looks to see, (يَتَعَيَّنُ,) the coming forth of the wild animals, and pursues them. (M. [See also 8 below.]) b11: سَمَا الفَحْلُ, inf. n. سَمَاوَةٌ, The stallion sprang, or rushed, upon, (S,) or he overbore, (S, * M, K,) his she-camels that had passed seven or eight months since the period of their bringing forth. (S, M, K.) A2: سَمَابِهِ: see 4.

A3: See also 2.2 سمّاهُ فُلَانًا and بِفُلَانٍ, (S, M, Msb, K,) accord. to Sb originally with ب, but Lh says that the former is that which is usual, (M,) [inf. n. تَسْمِيَةٌ,] and in like manner ↓ اسماهُ, (S,) i. e. اسماهُ فُلَانًا and بِفُلَانٍ, (M, K,) and accord. to Th, فُلَانًا ↓ سَمَاهُ and بِفُلَانٍ, (K, [in the correct copies of which the form of the verb first mentioned is without teshdeed, while in the CK the first and last are both alike with teshdeed, or, as is said in the M, Th has mentioned سَمَوْتُهُ, but none other has mentioned it,]) He named him, or called him, Such a one; (S, M, Msb, K;) as Zeyd; i. e., he made Zeyd to be his name, his proper name. (Msb.) b2: [One says also, سمّى اللّٰهَ عَلَى شَىْءٍ, or simply سمّى عَلَيْهِ, which is the more common, meaning He pronounced the name of God, saying بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ (In the name of God), upon, or over, a thing; such as food, and an animal about to be slaughtered.] The Prophet said, سَمُّوا وَسَمِّتُوا وَدَنُّوا, [cited, with some variations, and expl., in arts.

دنو and سمت,] meaning سَمُّوا اللّٰهَ [Pronounce ye the name of God, &c.]; i. e. whenever ye eat, [before ye begin to do so, accord. to the general custom, or] between two mouthfuls. (M.) 3 ساماهُ, (S, M, K, TA,) inf. n. مُسَامَاةٌ, (TA,) He vied, competed, or contended for superiority, in highness, loftiness, or eminence, or in glory, or excellence, [or in an absolute sense,] with him; syn. عَالَاهُ, (M,) or فَاخَرَهُ, and بَارَاهُ. (K.) It is said in the trad. respecting the lie [against 'Áïsheh], لَمْ تَكُنِ امْرَأَةٌ تُسَامِيهَا غَيْرُ زَيْنَبَ, meaning There was not any woman that vied with her in eminence (تُفَاخِرُهَا and تُعَالِيهَا) except Zeyneb; المُسَامَاةُ meaning المُطَاوَلَةُ فِى الحُِظْوَةِ. (TA.) and one says, فُلَانٌ لَا يُسَامَى وَقَدْ عَلَا مَنْ سَامَاهُ [Such a one will not be vied with in highness, &c.: and he has overcome him who vied with him, &c.]. (S.) And إِنَّ أَمَامِى مَا لَا أُسَامِى, said when one fears an affair, or event, before him; on the authority of IAar; meaning [Verily before me is an affair, or event,] with which I cannot vie. (M.) A poet cited by Th says, بَاتَ ابْنُ أَدْمَآءَ يُسَامِى الأَنْدَرَا سَامَى طَعَامَ الحَىِّ حَتَّى نَوَّرَا and he says that سَامَى means اِرْتَفَعَ, and صَعِدَ; but [it seems that the verse should be rendered, Ibn-Admà passed the night aspiring to reach the heap of reaped wheat: he aspired to attain the wheat of the tribe until it attained to maturity: for ISd says,] in my opinion he means, as the seed-produce rose by growth, he rose to it, until it attained to maturity, when he reaped it and stole it: and he cites also the saying, فَارْفَعْ يَدَيْكَ ثُمَّ سَامِ الحَنْجَرَا [And raise thy hands, then endeavour to reach the windpipe]; explaining سَامِ الحَنْجَرَ as meaning raise thy hands to his حَلْق [or throat, properly, fauces]. (M.) 4 اسماهُ He raised, upraised, uplifted, upreared, exalted, or elevated, him, or it; as also بِهِ ↓ سَمَا [lit. he rose, &c., with him, or it]. (M, K.) b2: أَسْمَيْتُهُ مِنْ بَلَدٍ I made him to go up, or away, from a town, or country. (TA.) b3: اسمانا, (TA,) or ↓ اِسْتَمَانَا, (M,) He, or it, incited us to hunt, or chase: so says Th. (M, TA.) A2: Also He looked at, or towards, his, or its سَمَاوَة [expl. immediately before the mention of this phrase in the M as meaning the form, or figure, seen from a distance, and the aspect, of anything]. (M, TA.) A3: And اسمى He (a man) took the direction of, (S,) or came to, (M,) Es-Semáweh (السَّمَاوَة, S, M) a certain water in the desert (البَادِيَة, M) or a place between El-Koofeh and Syria, (K,) a well-known desert. (TA.) A4: See also 2.5 تسمّى [expl. by Golius, first, as meaning Altus fuit, eminuit; like سَمَا; but for this he names no authority, and I find none for it.

A2: ] He named himself. (KL.) b2: تسمّى بِزَيْدٍ He was named Zeyd: (S, * M, * Msb, K: *) تسمّى

بِكَذَا means Such a thing became his name: it is quasi-pass. of سَمَّاهُ and أَسْمَاهُ. (TA.) b3: and تسمّى بِبَنِى فُلَانٍ, (M,) or بِالقَوْمِ, (K,) and إِلَيْهِمْ, (M, K,) He asserted his relationship to the sons of such a one [by the assumption of a name of relationship to them], or to the people. (M, K.) 6 تَسَاْمَوَ see 1, first sentence. b2: تَسَامَوْا عَلَى الخَيْلِ They mounted upon the horses. (TA.) b3: and تساموا They vied, competed, or contended for superiority, [in highness, loftiness, or eminence, or in glory, or excellence, or in an absolute sense, (see 3,)] one with another. (S, K.) A2: and تساموا signifies also They called one another by their names. (TA.) 8 استمى He (a hunter, or sportsman, [الصّاعِدُ in the CK being a mistranscription for الصَّائِدُ,]) attired himself with the socks, or stockings, called مِسْمَاة, (M, K, TA,) to protect himself from the heat of the burning ground, (TA,) for the hunting of gazelles, in the time of heat. (M.) and (M, in the K “ or ”) استماهُ He asked of him the loan of the socks, or stockings, above named, for that purpose, (M, K, *) i. e. for the hunting of gazelles at midday. (TA.) And استمى, (M, CK,) or استمى الظِّبَآءَ, (so in some copies of the K and in the TA,) He sought, or pursued, the gazelles in their caves, or hiding-places, (فَى غِيرَانِهَا, M, and so in copies of the K, by the غِيرَان being meant the كُنُس, M,) or in what was not their time, or season, (فِى غَيْرِ انِهَا, thus in some copies of the K,) at the auroral rising of Canopus (سُهَيْل [which rose aurorally, in Central Arabia, about the commencement of the era of the Flight, on the 4th of August, O. S.]): (M, K:) so says IAar. (M.) [Freytag says, on the authority of scholia to the Deewán of Jereer, as follows: In the time of the greatest heat, they drive out a wild animal repeatedly from its hiding-place, permitting it to return thither at night, when, thus disturbed, it does not issue from its place; in order that they may be able to strike it.] b2: And He hunted, or chased, wild animals. (M.) b3: See also 1, latter part, in two places. b4: and see 4.

A2: اِسْتَمَيْتُهُ also signifies I made him the object of a visit: or I perceived in him good, or goodness, by a right opinion formed from its outward signs. (K.) b2: And استماهُ He chose it, took it in preference, or selected it. (IAar, L voce اِقْتَرَحَ.) b3: And IAar mentions the saying, البَكْرَةُ مِنَ الإِبِلِ تُسْتَمَى بَعْدَ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً أَوْبَعْدَ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ, as meaning [The youthful she-camel] is tested for the purpose of discovering whether or not she be pregnant [after fourteen nights or after one and twenty]: but Th disallows this, and says that the word is تُسْتَمْنَى, from المُنْيَةُ, which means “ the period by the end of which one knows whether or not the she-camel is pregnant. ” (M.) 10 استسمى [or استسمى فُلَانًا, the word فلانا having app. been inadvertently omitted by a copyist,] He asked, or demanded, his [or such a one's] name. (TA.) سِمٌ and سُمٌ and سَمٌ: see اِسْمٌ, in three places, near the beginning of the paragraph; and in four places near the end of the same.

سَمًا: see سَمَآءٌ: A2: and see also اِسْمٌ, near the beginning of the paragraph.

سُمًا and سِمًا: see اِسْمٌ, in two places, near the beginning of the paragraph; and in the last sentence but one of the same.

سَمَآءٌ The higher, or upper, or highest, or uppermost, part of anything: [in this sense] masc. (M.) b2: [In its predominant acceptation,] a word of well-known meaning; (K, TA;) i. e. (TA) [The sky, or heaven;] the canopy of the earth: (M, Msb, TA:) in this sense (M, Msb) masc. and fem.; (IAmb, S, M, Msb, K; *) sometimes fem.; (M;) rarely so, and thus as having the next but one of the significations here following: (Fr, Msb:) Az says that it is fem. because it is pl. [or coll. gen. n.] of سَمَآءَةٌ: (TA:) or it is as though it were pl. of ↓ سَمَاوَةٌ, [or rather its coll. gen. n.,] like as سَحَابٌ is of سَحَابَةٌ: (Msb, TA:) Er-Rághib says that the سَمَآء as opposed to the أَرْض is fem., and sometimes masc.; and is used as a sing. and as a pl.; as the latter in the Kur ii. 27 [where it is shown to apply to seven heavens]; and that it is like نَخْلٌ and شَجَرٌ and other [coll.] gen. ns.: (TA:) in this sense (M) the pl. is أَسْمِيَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.] (S, M, K) and سُمِىٌّ, (M, K,) the latter [originally سُمُوىٌ] of the measure فُعُولٌ, and both [also] pls. of سَمَآءٌ in another sense, mentioned in what follows, (TA,) and سَمَاوَاتٌ or سَمٰوَاتٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and accord. to the K, [in which all of these are mentioned as though pls. of سَمَآءٌ in all its senses,] ↓ سَمًا, [in the CK سُمًا,] but in the M سَمَآءٌ [like the sing., as mentioned above], where it is said that it must be a pl. in the Kur ii. 27 for the reason already stated, as though pl. of سَمَآءَةٌ or سَمَاوَةٌ; (TA;) and a poet assigns to سَمَآءٌ the anomalous pl. سَمَآءٍ, by his saying, سَمَآءُ الْإِلٰهِ فَوْقَ سَبْعِ سَمَآئِيَا [The heaven of God, above seven heavens]: (S, M:) the dim. is ↓ سُمّيَّةٌ. (Ham p. 452.) b3: and Any canopy, or covering over-head, of a person. (S, Msb, * TA.) b4: And hence, (S, TA,) The ceiling, or roof, (S, Msb, K, TA,) of a house, or chamber, or tent, (S, K, TA,) and of anything; (K, TA;) in this sense masc.; (Msb, TA;) and ↓ سَمَاوَةٌ also has this meaning. (S.) b5: And The رِوَاق, (M, K,) i. e. the شُقَّة [or oblong piece of cloth] that is beneath the upper, or uppermost, شُقَّةٌ, (M,) of a بَيْت [or tent]; (M, K;) in which sense it is fem., and sometimes masc.; (M;) as also ↓ سَمَاوَةٌ; (M, K;) [and so, app., ↓ سِمَايَةٌ; for] one says, أَصْلَحَ سِمَايَتَهُ, with kesr, [He repaired his سماية,] meaning, his سَمَاوَة. (TA.) b6: And The clouds; (Zj, K;) because of their height: (Zj, TA:) or a cloud. (Msb.) b7: and Rain; (S, M, Msb, K;) because it comes forth from the سَمَآء [i. e. sky or clouds]: (TA:) or a good rain (مَطْرَةٌ جَيِّدَةٌ): (K, TA:) or a new rain (مَطْرَةٌ جَدِيدَةٌ): (T, TA:) or, as some say, rain that has not fallen upon the earth; so called in consideration of what has been said above [of its meaning the “ clouds ” &c.]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [but] one says, مَا زِلْنَا نَطَأُ السَّمَآءَ حَتَّى

أَتَيْنَاكُمْ [We ceased not to tread upon the rain until we came to you]: (S, TA:) applied to rain, it is masc., and fem. also because of its connexion with the سَمَآء that canopies the earth; (M;) or it is fem., as meaning سَحَابَةٌ: (Msb:) the pl. [of mult.] is سُمِىٌّ (S, M, Msb, TA) and [of pauc.]

أَسْمِيَةٌ. (S, TA.) بَنُو مَآءِ السَّمَآءِ is an appellation of The Arabs; [signifying the sons of the water of the heaven;] because of their keeping much to the deserts which are the places of the falling of rain [by means of which they subsist]: or by مَآء السمآء is meant Zemzem, which God made to well forth for the Arabs, who are therefore like the sons thereof. (TA.) b8: [Hence, app., as being likened to rain by reason of the swiftness of his running,] a certain horse, (M, K,) belonging to Sakhr the brother of El-Khansà, (M,) was named السَّمَآءُ. (M, K.) b9: [Hence, likewise, as being likened to rain, (assumed tropical:) Bounty.] One says, أَصَابَنِى بِرَشْحَةٍ مِنْ سَمَائِهِ (assumed tropical:) [He gave me a gift from his store of bounty]. (A in art. رشح.) b10: Also (assumed tropical:) Herbage; because produced by the rain, which is thus called. (TA.) b11: And The back of a horse; (S, Msb, K;) because of its height: coupled with [its opposite] أَرْضٌ [q. v.]. (S, TA.) b12: And of a sandal, [in like manner opposed to أَرْضٌ,] The upper part [of the sole, i. e. the upper surface thereof], upon which the foot is placed. (M.) A2: See also سَمَاوَةٌ.

سَمَاوٌ: see سَمَاوَةٌ.

سَمِىٌّ: see سَامٍ, in two places. b2: [Also] A competitor, or contender for superiority, in highness, loftiness, or eminence, or in glory, or excel-lence; i. q. ↓ مُسَامٍ, (S, TA,) and مُطَاوِلٌ: (TA:) thus the word, in the accus. case, is said to signify in the Kur xix. 66: (S, TA:) or it there has the meaning here next following. (S, M, TA.) b3: A like, or an equal: (S, M, K TA:) and this meaning the word, in the accus. case, is said by some to have in the Kur xix. 8: or in this instance it has the meaning here following. (M, TA.) b4: A namesake of another. (S, M, K, TA.) b5: The fem. is سَمِيَّةٌ. (M, TA.) سُمَىٌّ dim. of اِسْمٌ, q. v.

سُمَيَّةٌ dim. of سَمَآءٌ, q. v.

سِمَوِىٌّ and سُمَوِىٌّ: see اِسْمِىُّ.

سَمَاوَةٌ: see سَمَآءٌ, in three places. b2: Also The form, or figure, seen from a distance, (S, M, K, TA,) [or] such as is high, or elevated, (TA,) of anything; (S, M, K, TA;) and the aspect thereof: pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] ↓ سَمَآءٌ and ↓ سَمَاوٌ; the latter mentioned by Ks. (M, TA.) El-'Ajjáj says, سَمَآوَةُ الهِلَالِ حَتَّى احْقَوْقَفَا [The form, &c., of the moon when near the change, until it became curved]. (S.) سِمَايَةٌ: see سَمَآءٌ, in the middle of the paragraph.

سَمَآئِىٌّ and سَمَاوِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, the sky or heaven; heavenly; celestial;] rel. ns. from سَمَآءٌ. (Msb, TA.) سَامٍ [High, or lofty; as also ↓ سَمِىٌّ: pl. of the former سَوَامٍ; applied to women as pl. of سَامِيَةٌ, whence the phrase سَوَامِى الطَّرْفِ in a verse cited voce بُضْعٌ; and to irrational animals, as in an instance here following]. One says القُرُومُ السَّوَامِى

The stallions [meaning the stallion-camels high in their heads, or] raising their heads high. (S, TA.) And سَامِيَاتٌ, [pl. of سَامِيَةٌ,] applied to camels, That raise, or raise high, their eyes and their heads. (Ham p. 791.) And رَدَدْتُ مِنْ سَامِى

طَرْفِهِ [app. an elliptical phrase, نَخْوَتَهُ (which is expressed in the explanation) or a similar word being understood; i. e. (assumed tropical:) I repelled the pride, or haughtiness, of him who was lofty in look;] meaning I contracted to him [or to the lofty in look] his soul, and annulled his pride, or haughtiness. (S, TA.) And الأَنْفِ ↓ سَمِىُّ [lit. Highnosed] means (assumed tropical:) disdainful, or scornful. (T and K in art. انف.) b2: [Also act. part. n. of 1 in all its senses. b3: And hence,] سُمَاةٌ, (S, M, K,) of which it is the sing., (M,) signifies Hunters (S, M, K) going forth to the chase: (K:) an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: or, as some say, hunters in the day-time, peculiarly: or hunters wearing the socks, or stockings, called مِسْمَاة. (M.) اِسْمٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) with the conjunctive ا, [i. e. written اسْمٌ,] but this is made disjunctive by poetic license [as well as when the word commences a sentence], (S,) usually with kesr [when the | is disjunctive], (Lh, M, TA,) and اُسْمٌ, (S, M, K,) of the dial. of Benoo-'Amr-Ibn-Temeem and of Kudá'ah, (M, TA,) mentioned by IAar, (TA,) and ↓ سِمٌ and ↓ سُمٌ (S, M, K) and ↓ سَمٌ, (K,) and ↓ سُمًا (M, K) and ↓ سِمًا and ↓ سَمًا, (K,) [The name of a thing; i. e.] a sign [such as may be uttered or written] conveying knowledge of a thing; syn. عَلَامَةٌ: and a word applied to denote a substance or an accident or attribute, for the purpose of distinction: (M, K:) [or a substantive in the proper sense of this term, i. e. a real substantive; and a substance in a tropical sense of this term, i. e. an ideal substantive:] as expl. by El-Munáwee, in the “ Towkeef,” the اسم is that which denotes a meaning in itself unconnected with any of the three times [past and present and future]: if denoting what subsists by itself, it is termed اِسْمُ عَيْنٍ; and if denoting what does not subsist by itself, [i. e. an accident or attribute,] whether existent, as العِلْمُ [i. e. knowledge], or non-existent, as الجَهْلُ [i. e. ignorance], it is termed اِسْمُ مَعْنًى: (TA:) the pl. is أَسْمَآءٌ [a pl. of pauc.] and أَسْمَاوَاتٌ, (S, M, K,) the latter said by Lh to be a pl. of اِسْمٌ, but it is rather a pl. of أَسْمَآءٌ, for otherwise there is no way of accounting for it, (M,) and أَسَامٍ (S, M, K) and أَسَامِىُّ (M, K) are [likewise] pls. of أَسْمَآءٌ: (K, * TA:) the word اسْمٌ [i. e. اِسْمٌ or اُسْمٌ] is derived from سَمَوْتُ, (S, TA,) or from السُّمُوُّ, (Msb, Er-Rághib, TA,) because the اسم is a means of raising into notice the thing denoted thereby, and making it known: (S, * Er-Rághib, TA:) it is of the measure اِفْعٌ [or اُفْعٌ, accord. to different dialects], the last radical, و, being wanting in it, (S, Msb, TA,) and the hemzeh [or rather |] being prefixed by way of compensation for it, accord to a general rule; (Msb, TA;) for it is originally سِمْوٌ (S, Msb, Er-Rághib, TA) or سُمْوٌ, (S, Msb, TA,) its pl. being أَسْمَآءٌ, and its dim. being ↓ سُمَىٌّ [originally سَمَيْوٌ]: (S, Msb, Er-Rághib, * TA:) some of the Koofees hold that it is from الوَسْمُ, meaning العَلَامَةُ, the و, which is the primal radical, being rejected, and the hemzeh [or |] being substituted for it, so that its measure is اِعْلٌ [or اُعْلٌ]; but this is a weak opinion, for, were it so, the dim. would be وَسَيْمٌ and the pl. would be أَوْسَامٌ. (Msb, TA.) One says, اِسْمُ هٰذَا كَذَا [The name of this is thus, or such a word]; and if you will you may say, اُسْمُ هٰذا كذا; and in like manner, ↓ سِمُهُ and ↓ سُمُهُ: Lh says that اِسْمُهُ فُلَانٌ [His name is Such a one] is the [common] phrase of the Arabs; and he mentions اُسْمُهُ فُلَانٌ as heard from [the tribe of] Benoo-'Amr-Ibn-Temeem: and Ks cites, as heard from some of [the tribe of] Benoo-Kudá'ah, the saying, ↓ بِاسْمِ الَّذِى فِى كُلِّ سُورَةٍ سُمُهْ [In the name of Him whose name is in every chapter of the Kur-án], and ↓ سِمُهْ as heard from others, not of Kudá'ah. (M.) سِرْ عَلَى اسْمِ اللّٰهِ is an elliptical phrase [for سِرْ مُعْتَمِدًا عَلَى ذِكْرِ اسْمِ اللّٰهِ Journey thou relying upon the mention of the name of God]. (IJ, M in art. دل: see دَلِيلٌ.) b2: [Hence,] اسْمٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) Fame, renown, report, or reputation, of a person: (TA:) and so ↓ سُمًا, in relation to good, (K, TA,) not to evil; mentioned by Az. (TA.) One says, ذَهَبَ اسْمُهُ فِى النَّاسِ, i. e. His fame &c. [went, or spread, among mankind, or the people]. (TA.) اِسْمِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, a name or noun or substantive;] rel. n. from اِسْمٌ; as also ↓ سِمَوِىٌّ and ↓ سُمَوِىٌّ. (S, TA.) [Hence, جُمْلَةٌ اسْمِيَّةٌ A nominal proposition or phrase; as distinguished from فِعْليَّةٌ, or verbal.]

اِسْمِيَّةٌ The quality of a name or noun or substantive.]

مِسْمَاةٌ The socks, or stockings, worn by a hunter, (M, K, TA,) to protect him from the heat of the burning ground. (TA.) مُسَمًّى [Named]. b2: [Hence,] one says, هُوَ مِنْ مُسَمَّى قَوْمِهِ and مُسَمَّاتِهِمْ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He is of the best of his people or party. (TA.) مُسَامٍ: see سَمِىٌّ.

اول

1 آلَ, aor. ـُ (T, S, M, &c.,) inf. n. أَوْلٌ (T, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and مَآلٌ (M, K) and إِيَالٌ, which last is used as a subst. in relation to objects of the mind, (Msb,) and أَيْلُولَةٌ [like دَيْمُومَةٌ], (TA,) He, or it, returned; syn. رَجَعَ; (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) and عَادَ; (T;) [and he resorted; (see an instance voce إِيَّلٌ;)] إِلَيْهِ to it; (M, K;) namely a thing [of any kind; the thing, or place, whence he, or it, originated, or came; his, or its, origin, or source; his, or its, original state, condition, quantity, weight, &c.; any place; and a former action, or saying, or the like: see رَجَعَ, by which, as the explanation of آلَ, may be meant to be implied some other significations, here following, which these two verbs have in common]: (M:) and آلَ عَنْهُ he (a man, M) returned, or reverted, from it. (M, K.) b2: From آلَ as syn. with رَجَعَ is the phrase, فُلَانٌ يَؤُولُ إِلَى كَرَمٍ

[meaning either Such a one returns to generosity, or, as كَرَمٌ is used in the sense of كِرَامٌ, is referable to generous, or noble, ancestors]. (TA.) [And hence the phrase,] آلَ إِلَيْهِ بِنَسَبٍ [He bore a relation to him, as a member to a head, by kindred], and بِدِينٍ [by religion]. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) And the saying, in a trad., مَنْ صَامَ الدَّهْرَ فَلَا صَامَ وَ لَا آلَ, i. e. (tropical:) [He who fasts ever, or always, may he neither fast] nor return to what is good. (TA.) [In the Mgh, art. دهر, for آل I find أَفْطَرَ; and it is there said that this is an imprecation uttered by the Prophet, lest a man should believe this kind of fasting to be ordained by God; or, through impotence, should become insincere; or because, by fasting all the days of the year, he would do so on the days on which fasting is forbidden. See other readings voce أَلَا in art. الو.]) b3: Hence also the saying, آلتِ الضَّرْبَهُ إِلَى

النَّفْسِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) The blow, or stroke, resulted in destroying life; in slaying, or killing. (Mgh.) b4: Hence also, آلَ الأَمْرُ إِلَى كَذَا [The affair, or case, became ultimately reduced to such a state, or condition; came to such a result; came to be thus]. (Msb.) b5: Hence also, طَبَخْتُ الشَّرَابَ فَآلَ إِلَى قَدْرِ كَذَا I cooked the wine, or beverage, and it became reduced (رَجَعَ) to such a quantity. (S.) And طَبَخَهُ حَتَّى آلَ إِلَى الثُّلُثِ أَوِالرُّبعِ He cooked it (namely نَبِيذ [i. e. must, or mead, or wort,]) until it became reduced (رَجَعَ) to the third, or to the fourth: (T:) or, said of the same, (Mgh,) or of medicine, (TA,) حَتَّى آلَ المَنَّانِ مَنَّا وَاحِدًا, (Mgh,) or إِلَى مَنٍّ وَاحِدٍ, (TA,) until twice the quantity, or weight, of a مَنّ became [reduced to] (صَارَ) one مَنّ. (Mgh.) b6: [Hence also, مَجَازُ الأَوْلِ The proleptic, or anticipative, trope; as فَصِيلٌ applied to “a young camel” before it is weaned, because it is to be weaned.] b7: [And hence also, app.,] آلَ الشَّىْءُ, inf. n. مَآلٌ, The thing [became reduced in quantity or size;] decreased; diminished; or became defective, or deficient. (M, K.) And آلَ لَحْمُ النَّاقَةِ The flesh of the she-camel went away, so that she became lean, or slender and lean, or lean and lank in the belly. (T, K.) b8: آلَ, (T, S, M, K,) inf. n. أَوْلٌ (T, M, K) and إِيَالٌ, (M, K,) is also said of tar, (T, S, M,) and of honey, (S,) and of milk, (M,) and of wine, or beverage, (TA,) and of urine, (M,) or of the urine of camels that have been contented with green pasture instead of water, at the end of their being in that state, (T,) and of oil, (M, K,) and other things, (K,) as meaning It became thick: (T, S, M, K:) said of milk, it thickened and coagulated: (M:) said of wine, or beverage, it thickened, and became intoxicating in its utmost degree: (Az, TA:) and said of oil, it attained its full perfume, or sweetness of odour, by being well prepared or compounded. (T.) b9: مَا لَكَ تَؤُولُ إِلَى كَتِفَيْكَ [written in the TA without any vowel-signs, app. meaning (tropical:) What aileth thee that thou shruggest thy shoulders? lit., drawest thyself together to thy two shoulder-blades?] is said [to a man] إِذَا انْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِمَا وَاجْتَمَعَ [when he draws himself together to them, and contracts himself]; and is a tropical phrase: so says Z. (TA.) b10: آلَ مِنْ فُلَانٍ He escaped, or became safe or secure, from such a one: a dial. var. of وَأَلَ: (T, K:) of the dial. of the Ansár. (TA.) b11: You say also, آلَ, aor. ـُ (T, Msb;) or ـِ aor. ـْ (K;) meaning He, or it, preceded; went before; was, or became, before, beforehand, first, or foremost; (T, Msb, K;) and came: (Msb:) with this, also, وَأَلَ is syn.; and from it [says Az] is most probably derived أَوَّلُ, so that its original form is أَأْوَلُ: [or, as Fei says,] hence is derived the phrase, used by the vulgar, العَشْرُ الأَوَّلُ with fet-h to the hemzeh [as meaning “the first, or preceding, ten (nights of the month),” for الأُوَلُ, pl. of الأُولَى, fem. of الأَوَّلُ; but this is generally regarded as being originally الأَوْأَلُ, from وَأَلَ]. (Msb.) A2: آلَهُ: see 2. b2: Accord. to Lth, (TA,) أُلْتُهُ, (M, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. أَوْلٌ, (TA,) signifies I made it (namely, milk, M, or oil &c., K) to thicken, (M, K,) and to coagulate; (M;) the verb being both intrans. and trans.: (K:) but Az says that it is not known as trans., in this sense, in the language of the Arabs [of the classical ages]. (TA.) A3: آلَ رَعِيّتَهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. أَوْلٌ (S) and إِيَالٌ, (S, M, K,) of which the simple subst. is إِيَالَةٌ, (S, * Msb,) He (a prince or commander, S, or a king, M, K) ruled, or governed, his subjects; presided over their affairs, as commander or governor; (S, M, Msb, K;) and did so well: (S:) and آلَ عَلَيْهِمْ, inf. n. أَوْلٌ and إِيَالٌ and إِيَالَةٌ, [or this last, as said above, is a simple subst.,] he presided over them; held command, or authority, over them; (M, K;) namely, a people, or company of men; (K;) or, over their affairs. (TA.) It is said in a prov., (M,) قَدْ أُلْنَا وَإِيلَ عَلَيْنَا (T, S, M) We have ruled and been ruled; (T;) we have presided and been presided over. (M.) b2: آلَ مَالهُ, (T, S, M, * Msb, K,) inf. n. إِيَالَةٌ, (T, Msb,) He put into a good, or right, state, or condition, and managed, or tended, his مال [meaning cattle]; (T, S, M, * K;) as also ↓ ائتالهُ [written with the disjunctive alif اِيتَالَهُ], (K,) inf. n. اِيتِيَالٌ: (S:) or he managed his camels, and his sheep or goats, in such a manner that they throve, or became in a good state or condition, by his management. (Msb.) Lebeed describes a female singer إِبْهَامُهَا ↓ بِمُوَتَّرٍتَأْتَالُهُ (T, S,) meaning with a stringed lute, (EM p. 169,) which her thumb adjusts; (S, EM;) from أُلْتُ, (T, S,) signifying I put into a good, right, or proper, state, or condition. (T. [But see another reading in the first paragraph of art. اوي.]) You say also, أُلْتُ الشَّىْءَ meaning I composed, or collected together, the thing, and put it into a good, right, or proper, state, or condition: and some of the Arabs say, اللّٰهُ عَلَيْكَ ↓ أَوَّلَ

أَمْرَكَ, i. e. May God compose for thee thine affair: and, by way of imprecation, اللّٰهُ ↓ لَا أَوَّلَ عَلَيْهِ شَمْلَهُ [May God not compose for him his discomposed, disorganized, deranged, or unsettled, affair, or affairs]. (T.) b3: أُلْتُ الإِبلَ, inf. n. أَوْلٌ and إِيَالٌ, also signifies I drove the camels: (M:) or, accord. to the T, I bound the camels' udders with the أَصِرَّة (صَرَرْتُهَا) until the time of milking, when I loosed them. (TA.) 2 أوّلهُ إِلَيْهِ, (M, K,) inf. n. تَأْوِيلٌ, (TA,) He returned it (namely, a thing, M) to him, or it; he made it, or caused it, to return to him, or it; syn. رَجَعَهُ: (M, K: in the CK رَجَّعَهُ:) and ↓ آلَهُ also signifies the same; syn. رَدَّهُ. (TA.) Yousay, أَوَّلَ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْكَ ضَالَّتَكَ May God restore to thee thy stray; (T, * TA;) cause it to return to thee; (TA;) bring together thee and it. (T.) And أَوَّلْتُهُ إِلَى كَذَا I caused him, or it, to come to such a state or condition; brought, or reduced, him, or it, thereto; syn. صَيَّرْتُهُ إِلَيْهِ. (T.) b2: See also 1, near the end of the paragraph, in two places. b3: تَأْوِيلٌ also signifies The discovering, detecting, revealing, developing, or disclosing, or the explaining, expounding, or interpreting, that to which a thing is, or may be, reduced, or that which it comes, or may come, to be: (S, O, TA:) you say, أَوَّلْتُهُ, inf. n. تَأْوِيلٌ; and ↓ تَأَوَّلْتُهُ, inf. n. تَأَوُّلٌ; in one and the same sense: and hence the saying of El-Aashà: حُبِّهَا ↓ عَلَى أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَأَوُّلُ رِبْعِىِّ السِّقَابِ فَأَصْحَبَا ↓ تَأَوُّلَ (S:) or حُبَّها ↓ تاوَّل: (so in a copy of the T: [the former word being, accord. to this reading, a contraction of تَتَأَوَّلُ; but this does not altogether agree with what here follows:]) AO says, تَأَوُّلُ حُبِّهَا means تَفْسِيرُهُ وَمَرْجِعُهُ: [i. e., the explanation of her love, or of the (poet's) love of her, and the state, or condition, to which it eventually came, is this:] (S:) it was small in his heart, and ceased not to grow until it became great; like as the little young camel [born in the season called ربيع, or in the beginning of the breeding-time,] ceases not to grow until he becomes great like his mother, (T, * S,) and has a son accompanying him: (S:) [or] أوّلهُ and ↓ تأوّلهُ, (M, K,) inf. n. of the former as above, (K,) when said of language, signify دَبَّرَهُ وَقَدَّرَهُ وَفَسَّرَهُ [he considered its end, or what it might be to which it led or pointed, and compared one part of it with another, and then explained, or expounded, or interpreted, it]: (M, K:) hence, [if the explanation in the M and K be meant to denote three distinct meanings, which I do not think to be the case,] it would seem as though تَأْوِيلٌ and تَفْسِيرٌ were syn.; but accord. to other authorities, they differ: (TA:) [Az says,] accord. to Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà, these two words and مَعْنًى are all one: but تأويل seems to me to signify the collecting the meanings of dubious expressions by such expression as is clear, or plain, without dubiousness: or, accord. to Lth, it is the interpreting of language that has different meanings; and this cannot be rightly done but by an explanation which changes the expression; as also ↓ تأَوُّلٌ: (T:) or the turning a verse of the Kur-án from its apparent meaning to a meaning which it bears, or admits, when the latter is agreeable with the Scripture and the Sunneh: for instance, in the words of the Kur [vi. 95, &c.], يُخْرِجُ الْحَىَّ مِنَ المَيِّتِ, if the meaning be [thus explained] “He produceth the bird from the egg,”

this is تفسير: and if [it be explained as meaning]

“He produceth the believer from the unbeliever,” or “the knowing from the ignorant,” this is تأويل: so says Ibn-El-Kemál: (TA:) [hence, although it may often be rendered by interpretation, like تفسير, it more properly signifies the rendering in a manner not according to the letter, or overt sense; explaining the covert, or virtual, meaning; interpreting in a manner not according to the obvious meaning:] or the reducing a thing to its ultimate intent, whether it be a saying or an action: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or تفسير signifies the “discovering, detecting, revealing, or disclosing, what is meant by a dubious expression;” and تأويل, the reducing one of two senses, or interpretations, which an expression bears, or admits, to that which suits the apparent meaning: (L and K in art. فسر, and TA in that and in the present art.:) or the former signifies the “expounding, explaining, or interpreting, the narratives which occur collected without discrimination in the Kur-án, and making known the significations of the strange words or expressions, and explaining the occasions on which the verses were revealed;” and the latter, the explaining the meaning of that which is مُتَشَابِهِ, [or what is equivocal, or ambiguous,] i. e., what is not understood without repeated consideration. (TA: [in which are some further explanations; but these add nothing of importance.]) b4: [Hence, أوّل لَفْظًا, in grammar, He rendered a word, or an expression, or a phrase, in grammatical analysis, by another word, or expression, or phrase.] b5: and [hence likewise,] تَأْوِيلٌ signifies also The interpretation, or explanation, of a dream; the telling the final sequel, or result, thereof: (M, K:) as in the Kur xii. 101. (M.) b6: It is also used [as a simple subst.] to signify The end, issue, result, or final sequel, of a thing; syn. عَاقِبَةٌ; (Bd in iv. 62 and xvii. 37;) or ↓ مَآلٌ; (Jel in the same places;) or مَرْجِعٌ, and مَصِيرٌ; as in the Kur [iii. 5], وَمَا يعْلَمُ تَأْوِيلَهُ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ [But none knoweth the end, &c., thereof, except God]: (A'Obeyd, T:) or this phrase means, but none knoweth when will be the resurrection, and to what the case will eventually come, (T, M,) when the hour shall arrive, (TA,) except God: (T, M:) so says Aboo-Is-hák: (T:) and in like manner, [in the Kur vii. 51,] هَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّا تَأْوِيلَهُ means Do they wait for aught save the result to which their case will come by the resurrection? (Aboo-Is-hák, T, M:) or, the result to which it will come (Bd, Jel) in the manifestation of its truth by the appearance of the promises and threats of which it has told? (Bd:) in like manner, also, the saying, تَقْوي اللّٰهِ

أَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلًا means The fear of God is best in respect of result; syn. عَاقِبَةً. (TA.) 5 تَاَوَّلَ see 2, in the former half of the paragraph, in six places. b2: تأوّل فِيهِ الخَيْرَ He discovered in him the existence of good, or goodness, from its outward signs: and he sought, or looked for, good, or goodness, in him. (TA.) You say also, تَأَوَّلْتُ فِى فُلَانٍ الأَجْرَ I sought, or looked for, recompense in (or of or from) such a one. (T.) 8 إِاْتَوَلَ see 1, near the end of the paragraph, in two places.10 استآل الرُّؤْيَا He sought the interpretation of the dream, by consideration. (TA in art. سوأ.) آلٌ A man's أَهْل [or family]; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) i. e. his relations: (Msb:) his عَشِيرَة [or kinsfolk; or nearer, or nearest, relations by descent from the same father or ancestor; &c.]; from أَوْلٌ as signifying رُجُوعٌ, because recourse is had to them in all affairs: (Har p. 578:) and his household; (S, TA;) the people of his house: (Msb:) and his followers; (S, Msb, K;) including soldiers: (S, TA:) and his أَوْلِيَآء [i. e. friends, and the like]: (K:) those who bear a relation to him, as members to a head, (مَنْ آلَ إِلَيْهِ,) by religion or persuasion or kindred; as in the Kur iii. 9 and viii. 54 and 56 &c.: (Ibn-'Arafeh:) [or in these and many other instances, it may be rendered people:] but in general it is not used save in relation to that in which is eminence, or nobility; so that one does not say, آلُ الإِسْكَافِ, like as one says أَهْلُهُ: (K:) and it is peculiarly used as a prefix to the proper names of rational beings; not to indeterminate nouns, nor to nouns of places or of times; so that one says, آلُ فُلَانٍ; but not آلُ رَجُلٍ, nor آلُ زَمَانِ كَذَا, nor آلُ مَوْضَعِ كَذَا, like as one says, [أَهْلُ رَجُلٍ, and أَهْلُ زَمَانِ كَذَا, and] أَهْلُ بَلَدِ كَذَا and مَوْضِعِ كَذَا: (TA:) Ks disallows its being prefixed to a pronoun; so that one should not say, آلُهُ, but أَهْلُهُ; but his opinion in this matter is not correct: it is originally أَوَلٌ; the و being changed into ا, (M, * Msb,) as in قَالَ [which is originally قَوَلَ]: so say some: (Msb:) or it is originally أَهْلٌ, (T, M, Msb, K,) then أَأْلٌ, and then آلٌ: (K:) so say some, arguing thus from its having أُهَيْلٌ for its dim.: (T, Msb:) but accord. to Ks, it assumes the form ↓ أُوَيْلٌ as a dim.: (T:) or each of these is its dim. (M, K.) By the آل of the Prophet are meant, accord. to some persons, His followers, whether relations or others: and his relations, whether followers or not: (Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà, T:) or, as some say, his family (أَهْلُهُ [q. v.]) and his wives: [but it seems to be indicated that what I have rendered “and his wives” is meant as an explicative adjunct to اهله:] or, as some say, the people of his religion: (Esh-Sháfi'ee, T:) being himself asked who were his آل, he answered all pious persons: (Anas, TA:) but in a trad. in which it is said that the poor-rates are prohibited to him and to his آل, by this is meant those to whom was appropriated the fifth [of the spoils] instead of the poor-rates; and these were the genuine descendants of Háshim and El-Muttalib. (Esh-Sháfi'ee, T.) b2: يَا لَزَيْدٍ and يَالَ زَيْدٍ, accord. to the Koofees, are contractions of يَا آلَ زَيْدٍ [O family of Zeyd]. (Mughnee, on the letter ل; and El-Ashmoonee on the Alfeeyeh of Ibn-Málik, section الاستغاثة. [See the letter ل.]) b3: [See also إِيلَةٌ.]

A2: (tropical:) I. q. شَخْصٌ [meaning The body, or corporeal form or figure or substance, (of anything, as is said in the T,) which one sees from a distance; or, in this case, often, though not always, the person, or self]; (AA, T, S, M, K;) of a man: a metaphorical application, from آلٌ as signifying أَهْلٌ and عَشِيرَةٌ; because comprising the members and the senses. (Har p. 578.) b2: Sometimes, it is redundant, or pleonastic; [being only used for the sake of metre in verse, or to give more force to an expression;] as in the following instance: أُلَاقِى مِنْ تَذَكُّرِ آلِ لَيْلَى

كَمَا يَلْقَى السَّلِيمُ مِنَ العِدَادِ [I experience, from remembrance of Leylà, or of Leylà's person or self, the like of what the person bitten or stung by a venomous reptile experiences from the paroxysm of pain occasioned by the bits or sting]. (TA.) [See also another ex., voce جَأْبٌ; and another, voce مِزْمَارٌ.] b3: [Like شَخْصٌ, it seems to be sometimes applied to Any material thing that is somewhat high, and conspicuous: and hence, perhaps, the signification next following.] b4: مَا أَشْرَفَ مِنَ البَعِيرِ [app. meaning The overtopping, or higher, part, or parts, of the camel]. (M, K.) b5: A [tent of the kind called]

خَيْمَة. (M.) b6: The poles of the خَيْمَة; (M, K;) as also ↓ آلَةٌ; of which the pl. is آلاتٌ: (K:) or ↓ آلَةٌ is the sing. of آلٌ and آلَاتٌ, [or n. un. of the former and pl. of the latter,] which signify the pieces of wood (خَشَبَات) upon which the خيمة is raised, or constructed: and hence Kutheiyir likens the legs of his she-camel to four آلات of the [wood of the tree called] طَلْح. (S.) b7: The pieces of wood (خَشَب, T, M, K) of خَيْم [or tents], (M,) stripped [of the tent-cloths]. (T, TA.) b8: Also, [app. because rising from the general surface of the ground,] The extremities and sides of a mountain. (M, K. *) A3: The سَرَاب [or mirage]: (As, T, M, K:) or peculiarly applied to that which is in the first part of the day, (K,) as though raising figures seen from a distance (شُخُوص), and making them to quiver: (TA:) or that which one sees in the first part of the day, and in the last part thereof, as though raising figures seen from a distance (شخوص); not the same as the سراب: (S:) or what resembles the سراب: (Msb:) or, as some say, that which is in the ضُحَى [or early part of the day when the sun is yet low], like water between the sky and the earth, [in appearance] raising figures seen from a distance (شخوص), and making them to quiver; whereas the سراب is that which is at mid-day, [apparently] cleaving to the ground, as though it were running water: Th says, the آل is in the first part of the day: (M:) As says that the آل and the سراب are one: but others say that the former is from the ضُحَى [see above] to the declining of the sun from the meridian; whereas the سراب is after the declining of the sun from the meridian to the prayer of the عَصْر; and in favour of their assertion they urge, that the former [in appearance] raises everything so that it becomes what is termed آل, i. e. شَخْص; for the آل of everything is its شخص; and that the سراب [in appearance] lowers every شخص in it so that it becomes [as though it were] cleaving to the ground, having no شخص: Yoo says, the Arabs say that the آل is from the غُدْوَة [or period between the prayer of daybreak and sunrise] to the time when the sun is very high, or near the meridian; then it is called سراب for the rest of the day: ISk says, the آل is that which [in appearance] raises figures seen from a distance (شخوص), and is in the ضُحَى [explained above]; and the سراب is that which is upon the surface of the ground, as though it were water, and is at midday: and this, I [namely Az] say, is what I have found the Arabs in the desert to say: (T:) El-Hareeree speaks of the glistening of the آل; app. using this word in the sense of سراب; for it is the latter that glistens; not the former: (Har p. 363:) the word is masc. and fem. (Msb, K.) The phrase يَرفَعُ الْآلَا, ending a verse (S, M) of En-Nábighah, (M, TA,) i. e. Edh-Dhubyánee, (TA,) or El-Jaadee, (S,) [variously cited in the S and M and TA,] is an instance of inversion; the meaning being يَرْفَعُهُ الْآلُ [The آل raising it]: (S, TA:) or the meaning is, making the آل conspicuous more than it would otherwise be; the agent of the verb being a prominent portion of a mountain, which, being itself raised [in appearance] by the آل, has the effect of doing this. (M.) A4: See also the next paragraph.

A5: And see أَلَيَانٌ, in art. الي.

آلَةٌ i. q. أَدَاةٌ [i. e. An instrument; a tool; an implement; a utensil: and instruments; tools; implements; utensils; apparatus; equipments; equipage; accoutrements; furniture; gear; tackling;] (S, M, K) with which one works, for himself or for another: it is both sing. and pl.: (M, K:) or, (K,) as some say, (M,) it is a pl. having no sing. (M, K) as to the letter: (M:) [but it is very often used as a sing.:] and the pl. is آلَاتٌ. (S, K.) In the saying of 'Alee, يَسْتَعْمِلُ

آلَةَ الدِّينِ فِى طَلَبِ الدُّنيَا [lit. He makes use of the instrument of religion in seeking the goods of the present world], (assumed tropical:) science, or knowledge, is meant; because thereby only is religion. (M.) b2: [A musical instrument;] a lute; a musical reed, or pipe; the [kind of mandoline called] طُنْبُور. (TA.) b3: The male organ of generation. (TA.) b4: The bier of a corpse. (Abu-l-'Omeythil, S, M, K.) Thus, accord. to some, in the following verse, (S, * M,) of Kaab Ibn-Zuheyr: كُلُّ ابْنِ أُنْثَى وَإِنْ طَالتْ سَلَامَتُهُ يَوْمًا عَلَى آلَةٍ حَدْبَآءَ مَحْمُولُ [Every son of a female, though his health, or safety, long continue, is one day borne upon a gibbous bier: for the bier of the Arabs of the desert was generally composed of two poles connected by a net-work of cords upon which the corpse lay depressed]: (S, M:) or, as some say, [in a distressing state, or condition; for, they say,] آلَة here signifies حَلَة. (TA.) b5: See also آلٌ, in two places, near the middle of the paragraph.

A2: A state, or condition; i. q. حَالَةٌ [as mentioned above]: (T, S, M, K:) pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] ↓ آلٌ. (T, S.) You say, هُوَبِآلةِ سَوْءٍ

[He is in an evil state or condition]. (S.) b2: I. q. شِذَّةٌ [Straitness; difficulty; distress; &c.]. (M, K.) إِيلَةٌ sometimes signifies The relations to whom one goes [or is traced] back in genealogy. (Ibn-'Abbád.) [See also آلٌ.] b2: You say also, رَدَدْتُهُ

إِلَى إِيلَتِهِ I made him to go back, or revert, to his natural disposition: or, to his [original] state or condition. (Ibn-'Abbád.) أُولُو, in the gen. and accus. أُولِى: see أُلُو, in art. أُولَى.

أُولَى fem. of أَوَّلُ: see the latter in art. وأل.

A2: أُولَى as a pl., and its var. أُولَآءِ; and أُولٰئِكَ, or أُولَآئِكَ; &c.: see أُلَى, in art. الى.

أَوَالٌ A certain idol of [the tribes of] Bekr and Teghlib, (K, TA,) the two sons of Wáïl. (TA.) أوَيْلٌ dim. of آلٌ, q. v. (Ks, T, M, K.) إِيَالٌ The vessel, or receptacle, of thickening, or thick, milk: (M:) [or, accord. to the K, this seems to be termed ↓ أُيَّلٌ: see آئِلٌ:] or, in which wine (شَرَاب), or expressed juice, or what is pressed, or squeezed, so that its juice is forced out, or the like thereof, is made to thicken. (TA.) A2: [Also an inf. n. of 1, which see throughout.]

إِيَالَةٌ Rule, or government: (S, Msb:) [accord. to some, an inf. n. of آلَ as a trans. verb: accord. to others,] a simple subst. (Msb.) أَوَّلُ and its variations &c., see art. وأل: some, on account of difference of opinion from others respecting its radical letters, have mentioned this word in the present art. (TA.) أَيِّلٌ: see إِيَّلٌ: A2: and see also آئِلٌ, last sentence.

أُيَّلٌ: see إِيَّلٌ: A2: and see also آئلٌِ, in four places; and إِيَالٌ.

إِيَّلٌ and ↓ أُيَّلٌ (T, S, Mgh, Msb, K, the first and third and fourth in art. ايل) and ↓ أيِّلٌ, (T, K,) the last on the authority of IAar, (TA,) but A'Obeyd says that it is إِيَّلٌ, with kesr, (T,) and this is the approved form, (TA,) The [animal called] وَعْل: (K:) or the male وَعْل; (ISh, T, S, Mgh, Msb;) i. e. the mountain-goat: (Msb:) accord. to some, (S,) what is called in Persian كَوَزْن; (S, Mgh;) by which word Sh explains the word إِيَّلٌ: ISh says, it is the animal that is very wide between the horns, and bulky, like the domestic bull: (T:) [see بَقَرُ الوَحْشِ in art. بقر:] and Lth says, it is called thus because it resorts (يَؤُولُ) to the mountains: sometimes the ى is changed into ج: the fem. is of the same three forms with ة: (TA:) and the pl. is أَيَائِلُ [like سَيَائِدُ pl. of سَيِّدٌ]. (Lth, T, Mgh, Msb.) b2: See also آئِلٌ, in two places.

آئِلٌ [act. part. n. of 1 in all its senses: and thus, particularly,] Thickening, or thick; (T, S, M, TA;) applied to the urine of camels that have been contented with green pasture instead of water, at the end of their being in that state; (T;) or to milk, (S, M, TA,) and to oil, and other things, such as tar, and honey, and wine, or beverage: (TA:) pl. ↓ أُيَّلٌ: (S, M:) which last word [in one copy of the M written إِيلٌ, but this I think a mistranscription,] signifies also the remains of thickening, or thick, milk; or, as some say, the [seminal] water in the womb: (M:) or this same word (أُيَّلٌ) has the last of these significations; and also, [as a sing. epithet,] the first of the meanings explained in this paragraph; as also آئِلٌ, applied to milk; (K;) or to milk thickening, or thick, and mixed; not excessively thick, but in a somewhat good degree, and changed in its flavour: (AHát, TA:) or it [app. أُيَّلٌ, as in the TK,] signifies the vessel, or receptacle, thereof; (K;) [a meaning assigned in the M to إِيَالٌ;] in which milk thickens: (TA:) Sh says that ↓ إِيَّلٌ signifies the milk of the أَيَائِل [pl. of إِيَّلٌ]; and so says AA: but AHeyth says that this is absurd; and that the right word is ↓ أُيَّلٌ, having the signification first explained in this paragraph, i. e. thickening, or thick, milk: En-Nadr says that ↓ إِيَّلٌ signifies thick urine of she-goats of the mountain; which, when drunk by a woman, excites her venereal faculty: (T:) or this last word is used to signify milk of an إِيَّل, which is said to strengthen in the venereal faculty, and to fatten, as Ibn-Habeeb asserts; and ↓ أُيَّلٌ, which he affirms to be wrong, is a dial. var. thereof; and it may also be a quasi-pl. n. thereof: (M:) as a pl. [of آئِلٌ], applied to milk, ↓ آُيَّلٌ is extr. in two respects; as a pl., of this form, of an epithet not applied to an animal; and as being regularly أُوَّلٌ. (IJ, M.) A2: إِنَّهُ لَآئِلُ مَالٍ and مَالٍ ↓ أَيِّلُ Verily he is a good manager, or tender, of cattle, or camels, or the like. (M, TA.) تَأْوِيلٌ used as a simple subst. in the sense of عَاقِبَةٌ

&c.: see 2, last sentence.

مَآلٌ inf. n. of آلَ, in two senses pointed out above. (M, K, TA.) b2: [Hence, مَآلُهُ إِلَى كَذَا His, or its, return, or course, or transition, is to such a state or condition.]

A2: Also, [as a noun of place &c.,] i. q. مَرْجِعٌ [as signifying A place, and a state, or condition, to which a person, or thing, returns; and, to which he, or it, ultimately, or eventually, comes]. (TA, [where this is given as a signification not mentioned in the K; so that مرجع is not here used as an inf. n.: it is, moreover, a signification well known.]) See also 2, last sentence. b2: A refuge: applied in this sense to God. (Har p. 361.) هُوَ مُؤْتَالٌ لِقَوْمِهِ مُقْتَالٌ عَلَيْهِمْ He is ruler, or governor, of his people; a possessor of dictatorship over them, or of authority over them to judge or give judgment or pass sentence or decide judicially. (A, TA.) هٰذَا مُتَأَوَّلٌ حَسَنٌ [app. This is a good discovery made from outward signs]. (TA, where it immediately follows تَأَوَّلَ فِيهِ الخَيْرَ with its explanations given above.) مُتَأَوِّلٌ: see its verb. b2: [Sometimes it signifies] Veracious: opposed to مُتَقَوِّلٌ. (Har p. 256.)