الشّأمُ:
بفتح أوّله، وسكون همزته، والشأم، بفتح همزته، مثل نهر ونهر لغتان، ولا تمد، وفيها لغة ثالثة وهي الشّام، بغير همز، كذا يزعم اللغويون، وقد جاءت في شعر قديم ممدودة، قال زامل بن غفير الطائي يمدح الحارث الأكبر:
وتأبّيّ بالشآم مفيدي ... حسرات يقددن قلبي قدّا
في أبيات وخبر ذكرها بعد، وكذا جاء به أبو
الطيب في قوله:
دون أن يشرق الحجاز ونجد ... والعراقان بالقنا والشّآم
وأنشد أبو عليّ القالي في نوادره:
فما اعتاض المعارف من حبيب ... ولو يعطى الشآم مع العراق
وقد تذكّر وتؤنّث، ورجل شأميّ وشآم، ههنا بالمدّ على فعال، وشآميّ أيضا، حكاه سيبويه، ولا يقال شأم لأنّ الألف عوض من ياء النسبة فإذا زال الألف عادت الياء، وما جاء من ضرورة الشعر فمحمول على أنّه اقتصر من النسبة على ذكر البلد، وامرأة شأميّة، بالتشديد، وشآمية، بتخفيف الياء، وتشاءم الرجل، بتشديد الهمزة، نسب إلى الشام كما تقول تقيّس وتكوّف وتنزّر إذا انتسب إلى قيس والكوفة ونزار، وأشأم إذا أتى الشام، وقال بشر بن أبي خازم:
سمعت بنا قيل الوشاة فأصبحت ... صرمت حبالك في الخليط المشئم
وقال أبو بكر الأنباري: في اشتقاقه وجهان:
يجوز أن يكون مأخوذا من اليد الشّؤمى وهي اليسرى، ويجوز أن يكون فعلى من الشوم، قال أبو القاسم: قال جماعة من أهل اللغة يجوز أن لا يهمز فيقال الشام يا هذا فيكون جمع شامة سميت بذلك لكثرة قراها وتداني بعضها من بعض فشبّهت بالشامات، وقال أهل الأثر: سميت بذلك لأن قوما من كنعان بن حام خرجوا عند التفريق فتشاءموا إليها أي أخذوا ذات الشمال فسميت بالشام لذلك، وقال آخرون من أهل الأثر منهم الشرقي:
سميت الشام بسام بن نوح، عليه السلام، وذلك أنّه أوّل من نزلها فجعلت السين شينا لتغيّر اللفظ العجمي، وقرأت في بعض كتب الفرس في قصة سنحاريب:
أن بني إسرائيل تمزّقت بعد موت سليمان بن داود، عليهما السلام، فصار منهم سبطان ونصف سبط في بيت المقدس، فهم سبط داود، وانخزل تسعة أسباط ونصف إلى مدينة يقال لها شامين، وبها سميت الشام، وهي بأرض فلسطين، وكان بها متجر العرب وميرتهم، وكان اسم الشام الأوّل سورى فاختصرت العرب من شامين الشام وغلب على الصقع كلّه، وهذا مثل فلسطين وقنّسرين ونصيبين وحوّارين، وهو كثير في نواحي الشام، وقيل:
سميت بذلك لأنّها شامة القبلة، قلت: وهذا قول فاسد لأن القبلة لا شامة لها ولا يمين لأنّها مقصد من كل وجه يمنة لقوم وشامة لآخرين، ولكن الأقوال المتقدّمة حسنة جميعها، وأمّا حدّها فمن الفرات إلى العريش المتاخم للدّيار المصريّة، وأمّا عرضها فمن جبلي طيّء من نحو القبلة إلى بحر الروم وما بشأمة ذلك من البلاد، وبها من أمّهات المدن منبج وحلب وحماة وحمص ودمشق والبيت المقدس والمعرّة، وفي الساحل أنطاكية وطرابلس وعكّا وصور وعسقلان وغير ذلك، وهي خمسة أجناد:
جند قنسرين وجند دمشق وجند الأردنّ وجند فلسطين وجند حمص، وقد ذكرت في أجناد، ويعدّ في الشام أيضا الثغور: وهي المصيصة وطرسوس وأذنة وأنطاكية وجميع العواصم من مرعش والحدث وبغراس والبلقاء وغير ذلك، وطولها من الفرات إلى العريش نحو شهر، وعرضها نحو عشرين يوما، وروي عن عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص أنّه قال: قسم الخير عشرة أعشار فجعل تسعة أعشار في الشام وعشر في سائر الأرض، وقسم
الشرّ عشرة أعشار فجعل عشر بالشام وتسعة أعشار في سائر الأرض، وقال محمد بن عمر بن يزيد الصاغاني:
إنّي لأجد ترداد الشام في الكتب حتى كأنّها ليست لله تعالى بشيء في الأرض حاجة إلّا بالشام، وروي عن النبي، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، أنّه قال: الشام صفوة الله من بلاده وإليه يجتبي صفوته من عباده، يا أهل اليمن عليكم بالشام فإن صفوة الله من الأرض الشام، ألا من أبى فإن الله تعالى قد تكفّل لي بالشام، وقال أبو الحسن المدائني: افترض أعرابيّ في الجند فأرسل في بعث إلى الشام ثمّ إلى ساحل البحر، فقال:
أأنصر أهل الشام ممّن أكاءهم ... وأهلي بنجد ذاك حرص على النصر
براغيث تؤذيني إذ النّاس نوّم، ... وليل أقاسيه على ساحل البحر
فإن يك بعث بعدها لم أعد له ... ولو صلصلوا للبحر منقوشة الحمر
وهذا خبر زامل كان نازلا في أخواله كلب فأغار عليهم بنو القين بن جسر فأخذوا ماله فاستنصر أخواله فلم ينصروه فركب جملا وقصد الشام فنزل في روضة فأكل من نجمها وعقل بعيره واضطجع، فما انتبه إلّا وحسّ فارسا قد نزل قريبا منه، فقال له الفارس:
من أنت؟ فانتسب له وقصّ عليه قصته، فقال له الفارس: يا هذا هل عندك من طعام فإنّي طاو منذ أمس؟ فقال له: أتطلب الطعام وهذا اللحم المعرض؟
ثمّ وثب فنحر جمله واحتشّ حطبا وشوى وأطعم الفارس حتى اكتفى، فلما لبث أن ثار العجاج وأقبلت الخيل إلى الفارس يحيونه بتحية الملوك، فركب وقال:
دونكم الرجل أردفوه، فأردفه بعضهم فإذا هو الحارث الأكبر الغساني، فأمر خدمه بإنزال الطائيّ وغفل عنه مدة، فخاف زامل أن يكون قد نسيه فقال لحاجبه: أحبّ أن تبلغ هذه الأبيات إلى الحارث، فأنشد:
أبلغ الحارث المردّد في المك ... رمات والمجد جدّا فجدّا
وابن أرباب واطئ العفر والأر ... حب والمالكين غورا ونجدا
أنّني ناظر إليك ودوني ... عاتقات غاورن قربا وبعدا
آزل نازل بمثوى كريم، ... ناعم البال في مراح ومغدى
غير أنّ الأوطان يجتذب المر ... ء إليها الهوى وإن عاش كدّا
ونأتني بالشّآم مفيدي ... حسرات يقددن قلبي قدّا 
ليس يستعذب الغريب مقاما ... في سوى أرضه وإن نال جدّا
فلمّا بلغت الأبيات الحارث قال: وا سوأتاه! كرم ولؤمنا، وتيقظ ونمنا، وأحسن وأسأنا! ثمّ أذن له فلمّا رآه قال: والله ما يدحض عارها عني إلّا أن أعطيك حتى ترضى، ثمّ أمر له بمائة ناقة وألف شاة وعشرة عبيد وعشر إماء وعشرة أفراس من كرام خيله وألف دينار وقال: يا زامل أما إن الأوطان جواذب كما ذكرت فهل لك أن تؤثر المقام في مدينتنا تكنفك حمايتنا ويتفيأ لك ظلّنا وتسبل عليك صلتنا؟
فقال: أيّها الملك ما كنت لأوثر وطني عليك ولا ألقي مقاليدي إلّا إليك، ثمّ أقام بالشام. وقال جبلة بن الأيهم وهو ببلاد الروم بعد أن تنصّر أنفة من غير أن يقتص في قصة فيها طول فذكرتها في أخبار 

حسان من كتاب الشعراء:
تنصّرت الأشراف من أجل لطمة، ... وما كان فيها لو صبرت لها ضرر
تكنّفني فيها لجاج حميّة، ... فبعت لها العين الصّحيحة بالعور
فيا ليت أمّي لم تلدني وليتــني ... رجعت إلى القول الذي قاله عمر
ويا ليتــني أرعى المخاض بقفرة، ... وكنت أسيرا في ربيعة أو مضر
ويا ليت لي بالشام أدنى معيشة، ... أجاور قومي ذاهب السّمع والبصر
أدين بما دانوا به من شريعة، ... وقد يصبر العود المسنّ على الدّبر
وفي الحديث عن عبد الله بن حوالة قال: كنّا عند رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم، فشكوا إليه الفقر والعري وقلّة الشيء فقال رسول الله، صلّى الله عليه وسلّم: أبشروا فو الله لأنا من كثرة الشيء أخوف عليكم من قلّته، والله لا يزال هذا الأمر فيكم حتى تفتح أرض فارس وأرض الروم وأرض حمير وحتى تكونوا أجنادا ثلاثة: جند بالشام وجند بالعراق وجند باليمن وحتى يعطى الرجل مائة دينار فيسخطها، قال ابن حوالة: فقلت يا رسول الله من يستطيع الشام وفيه الروم ذات القرون؟ فقال، صلّى الله عليه وسلم: والله ليستخلفنّكم الله فيها حتى تظلّ العصابة منهم البيض قمصهم المحلوقة أقفاؤهم قياما على الرجل الأسود ما أمرهم به فعلوا، وإنّ بها اليوم رجالا لأنتم اليوم أحقر في أعينهم من القردان في أعجاز الإبل، قال ابن حوالة: قلت اختر لي يا رسول الله إن أدركني ذلك، فقال: أختار لك الشام فإنّها صفوة الله من بلاده وإليها يجتبي صفوته من عباده يا أهل الإسلام فعليكم بالشام فإن صفوة الله من الأرض الشام فمن أبى فليلحق بيمينه وليسق بعذره فإنّ الله قد تكفّل لي بالشام وأهله، وقال أحمد بن محمد بن المدبّر الكاتب في تفضيل الشام:
أحبّ الشّام في يسر وعسر، ... وأبغض ما حييت بلاد مصر
وما شنأ الشآم سوى فريق ... برأي ضلالة وردى ومحر
لأضغان تغين على رجال ... أذلّوا يوم صفّين بمكر
وكم بالشّام من شرف وفضل، ... ومرتقب لدى برّ وبحر
بلاد بارك الرّحمن فيها، ... فقدّسها على علم وخبر
بها غرر القبائل من معدّ ... وقحطان ومن سروات فهر
أناس يكرمون الجار حتى ... يجير عليهم من كلّ وتر
وقال البحتري يفضّل الشام على العراق:
نصبّ إلى أرض العراق وحسنه، ... ويمنع عنها قيظها وحرورها
هي الأرض نهواها إذا طاب فصلها ... ونهرب منها حين يحمى هجيرها
عشيقتنا الأولى وخلّتنا التي ... نحبّ وإن أضحت دمشق تغيرها
عنيت بشرق الأرض قدما وغربها ... أجوّب في آفاقها وأسيرها
فلم أر مثل الشام دار إقامة ... لراح أغاديها وكأس أديرها
مصحّة أبدان ونزهة أعين، ... ولهو نفوس دائم وسرورها
مقدّسة جاد الرّبيع بلادها، ... ففي كلّ أرض روضة وغديرها
تباشر قطراها وأضعف حسنها ... بأنّ أمير المؤمنين يزورها
ومسجد الشام ببخارى، نسب إليه أبو سعيد الشامي فقيه حنفيّ. والشام: موضع في بلاد مراد، قال قيس بن مكشوح:
وأعمامي فوارس يوم لحج ... ومرجح إن شكوت ويوم شام

غل

1 غَلَّهُ, (S, O, K, *) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. غَلٌّ, (K,) He made it, or caused it, to enter, (S, O, K, * [in the CK اُدْخِلَ is erroneously put for أَدْخَلَ,]) فِى

شَىْءٍ into a thing; (O, K;) as also ↓ غَلْغَلَهُ, (K, * TA,) inf. n. غَلْغَلَةٌ; or this last word signifies the making, or causing, a thing to enter a thing so as to become confused with, and a part of, that into which it enters: (TA:) b2: and غَلَّ, (S, O, K,) aor. as above, (S) and so the inf. n., (TK,) signifies also It entered [into a thing]; (S, O, K;) being intrans. as well as trans.; (S, O;) and so does ↓ اِنْغَلَّ, (S, O, K,) and ↓ تغلّل, and ↓ تَغَلْغَلَ; (K, TA;) said of [what are termed by logicians] substances and of [what are termed by them] accidents. (TA.) b3: يَغُلُّ said of a ram means Penem suum inserit (يُدْخِلُ قَضِيبَهُ) non sublatâ caudâ. (S, O, * TA.) And غَلَّ signifies also Inivit (حَشَأَ, in some copies of the K without the hemzeh,) feminam: (K, TA; in which latter is added ولا يكون الّا من ضَخْمٍ [app. meaning that this is not said of any but such as is big, or bulky]:) mentioned by IAar. (TA.) b4: غَلَّ الدُّهْنَ فِى

رَأْسِهِ He made the oil to enter amid the roots of the hair of his head. (K.) And غَلَّ شَعَرَهُ بِالطِّيبِ He made the perfume to enter amid his hair. (TA.) b5: And غَلَّهُ لَهُ He made it to be unapparent to him (دَسَّهُ لَهُ), he [the latter] having no knowledge of it. (TA: in which the pronoun affixed to the verb relates to a dagger, and to a spear-head.) b6: غَلَّ المَفَاوِزَ He (a man) entered into the midst of the deserts, or waterless deserts. (S, O.) b7: غَلَّ المَآءُ بَيْنَ الأَشْجَارِ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O,) The water ran amid the trees. (S, O, K.) And المَآءُ فِى الشَّجَرِ ↓ تَغَلْغَلَ The water entered amid the breaks, or interspaces, of the trees. (S.) b8: غَلَّ الغِلَالَةَ He clad himself with, or wore, the غلالة [q. v.] (K, TA) beneath the [other] garments; because he who does so enters into it. (TA.) And الثَّوْبَ ↓ اِغْتَلَلْتُ [in like manner] signifies I clad myself with, or wore, the garment beneath the [other] garments. (K.) b9: غَلَّ فُلَانًا, (K, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) He put upon the neck, or the hand, of such a one, the غُلّ [i. e. ring, or collar, of iron, for the neck, or pinion or manacle for the hand]. (K, TA.) and غُلَّ He had the غُلّ put upon him. (S, * TA.) And غَلَلْتُ يَدَهُ إِلِى عُنُقِهِ [I confined his hand to his neck with the غُلّ]. (S, O.) And غَلَّ أَسِيرًا بِغُلٍّ

مِنْ قِدٍّ وَعَلَيْهِ شَعَرٌ [He confined a captive with a غُلّ of thongs upon which was hair]. (TA.) One says, مَا لَهُ أُلَّ وَغُلَّ, (S, O, K, TA, [in some copies of the S and K, which have misled Golius and Freytag, ماله أُلٌّ وَغُلٌّ,]) a form of imprecation, (K, TA,) meaning [What ails him?] may he be thrust, or pushed, in the back of his neck, and become possessed, or insane, (IB, TA in the present art. and in art. ال,) and therefore have the غُلّ put upon him. (TA in the present art.) and غُلَّتْ يَدُهُ إِلَى عُنُقِهِ [sometimes] means (assumed tropical:) His hand was withheld from expenditure. (TA.) A2: غُلَّ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. غَلَلٌ, said of a man, (S,) He was, or became, thirsty; or vehemently thirsty; (K, TA;) or affected with burning of thirst, (S, TA,) little or much; (TA;) or with burning of the inside, (K, TA,) from thirst, and from anger and vexation. (TA.) b2: And غَلَّ said of a camel, (S, O, K,) originally غَلِلَ, (MF, TA,) aor. ـَ and ↓ اغتلّ also; He was, or became, thirsty; or vehemently thirsty; or affected with burning of the inside: (K:) or he did not fully satisfy his thirst; (S and O in explanation of the former, and TA in explanation of both;) and غَلَّتْ is said of camels in like manner, agreeably with this last explanation: (K:) and ↓ اِغْتَلَّتْ is also said of sheep or goats, (K, TA,) signifying they thirsted. (TA.) A3: غَلَّ صَدْرُهُ, aor. ـِ (S, O, K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, يَغَلُّ,]) with kesr, (S, O,) inf. n. غِلٌّ, with kesr, (O,) His bosom was, or became, affected with rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite: (S, O, K:) and with dishonesty, or insincerity. (S, O.) [See also غِلٌّ, below.] It is said in a trad., ثَلَاثٌ لَا يَغِلُّ عَلَيْهِنَّ قَلْبُ المُؤْمِنِ i. e. [There are three habits, (خِصَال being understood, these, as is said in the O, being “ the acting sincerely towards God,” and “ giving honest counsel to those in command,” and “ keeping to the community ” of the Muslims,)] while conforming to which the heart of the believer will not be invaded by rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite, causing it to swerve from that which is right; (S, * O;) a saying of the Prophet; thus related by some: accord. to others, ↓ يُغِلُّ, (S, O,) with damm to the ى, (O,) which is from the meaning expl. in the next sentence here following. (S, * O.) A4: غَلَّ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O,) inf. n. غُلُولٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) He acted unfaithfully; as also ↓ اغلّ: (S, O, Msb, K:) or thus the latter, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) accord. to ISk (S, Msb) and A'Obeyd, (S,) in a general sense; (Mgh, Msb;) and he became unfaithful: (TA:) but the former verb is used only in relation to spoil, or booty; (S, Mgh, O, * Msb, K;) you say, غَلَّ مِنَ المَغْنَمِ meaning خَانَ [i. e. He acted unfaithfully in taking from the spoil, or booty]; (S, O;) or meaning he acted unfaithfully in relation to the spoil, or booty: (Mgh:) or غَلَّ, (IAth, Mgh, TA,) aor. as above, (Mgh,) inf. n. غُلُولٌ, (IAth, TA,) or غَلٌّ, (Mgh, [thus in my copy, accord. to which it is trans., as will be shown by what follows,]) signifies also he stole; and was unfaithful in respect of a thing privily; and such conduct is termed غُلُولٌ because, in the case thereof, the hands, or arms, have the غُلّ [q. v.] put upon them: (IAth, TA:) or it signifies also he took a thing and hid it amid his goods; and it occurs in a trad. as meaning he took a شَمْلَة privily. (Mgh.) It is said in the Kur [iii. 155], وَمَا كَانَ لِنَبِىٍّ أَنْ يَغُلَّ and أَنْ

↓ يُغَلَّ, accord. to different readers; the former meaning [And it is not attributable to a prophet] that he would act unfaithfully; and ↓ ان يُغَلَّ meaning, [agreeably with an explanation of أَغَلَّ فُلَانًا in the K,] that unfaithful conduct should be imputed to him; or that there should be taken from his [share of the] spoil, or booty; (S, O, TA;) [or this may mean, that he should be found to be acting unfaithfully; for, accord. to the TA, اغلّ الرَّجُلَ means وَجَدَهُ غَالًّا;] but IB says that a pass. aor. is seldom found in the language of the Arabs in a phrase of this kind. (TA.) And it is said in a trad. وَلَا إِسْلَالَ ↓ لَا إِغْلَالَ i. e. There shall be no acting unfaithfully nor stealing: or there shall be no act of bribery [nor stealing]: (S, O:) or, as some say, there shall be no aiding another to act unfaithfully [&c.]. (TA.) A5: غَلَلْتُ لِلنَّاقَةِ I fed the she-camel with غَلِيل i. e. date-stones mixed with [the species of trefoil called] قِتّ. (S, * O, TA.) A6: غَلَّ الإِهَابَ: see أَغَلَّ فِى الإِهَابِ.

A7: غَلَّ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ, inf. n. غَلٌّ; and ↓ اغلّ; He was silent at the thing: and also he was intent upon the thing. (TA.) 2 غلّلهُ, (K,) or غلّل لِحْيَتَهُ, (S, O,) بِالغَالِيَةِ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. تَغْلِيلٌ, (K,) He perfumed him, (K,) or daubed, or smeared, his beard, much, (O,) the teshdeed denoting muchness, (S, O,) with غَالِيَة: (S, O, K:) and بالغالية ↓ تغلّل and ↓ اغتلّ and ↓ تَغَلْغَلَ He perfumed himself with غالية: (K:) Lh mentions تَغَلَّى بِالغَالِيَةِ, which is either from the word غَالِيَة or originally تَغَلَّلَ, in the latter case being like تَظَنَّيْتُ for تَظَنَّنْتُ, but the former is the more agreeable with analogy: accord. to Fr, one says, بالغالية ↓ تَغَلَّلْتُ, and not تَغَــلَّيْتُ: (TA:) As held ↓ تَغَلَّلْتُ from الغالية to be allowable if meaning I introduced the غالية into my beard or my mustache; (S, O;) and the like is the case with respect to غَلَّلْتُ بِهَا لِحْيَتِى: (S:) accord. to Lth, one says, from الغالية, غَلَّلْتُ and غَلَّفْتُ and غَــلَّيْتُ. (TA. [See also 1 in art. غلف; and see art. غلى.]) 4 اغلّ إِبِلَهُ, (K,) inf. n. إِغْلَالٌ, (TA,) He watered his camels ill, so that they did not satisfy their thirst: (K, TA:) or he brought, or sent, them back from the water without satisfying their thirst: (O, TA:) thus expl. by Az, who says that it is incorrectly mentioned by A'Obeyd, on the authority of Az, [in this sense,] with the unpointed ع. (TA. [But see 4 in art. عل.]) b2: And اغلّ signifies also اغتلّت غَنَمُهُ (O, K) [accord. to the TA as meaning His sheep, or goats, thirsted: but this I think doubtful: see 8].

A2: اغلّ and its aor. and inf. n. as relating to unfaithfulness, see in the latter half of the first paragraph, in five places.

A3: اغلّت الضَّيْعَهُ, (Mgh, Msb, K, [in the CK غَلَّت,]) and الضِّيَاعُ, (S, O, K,) from الغَلَّةُ, (S, O,) [The estate, and estates, consisting of land, &c.,] became in the condition of having غَلَّة [or proceeds, revenue, or income, accruing from the produce, &c.]: (Mgh, Msb:) or yielded غَلَّة: (K, TA:) i. e. yielded somewhat, the source thereof remaining. (TA.) b2: And اغلّ القَوْمُ meaning بَلَغَتْ غَلَّتُهُمْ [i. e. The غَلَّة of the people, or party, arrived; as expl. in the PS and TA; or the people, or party, had their غلّة brought to them]. (S, O, K.) And The people, or party, became in [or entered upon] the time of the غَلَّة. (TA.) b3: And فُلَانٌ يُغِلُّ عَلَى عِيَالِهِ Such a one brings the غَلَّة to his family, or household. (S, O.) A4: اغلّ الوَادِى The valley gave growth to what are termed غُلَّان, (S, O, K,) pl. of غَالٌّ. (TA.) A5: اغلّ فِى الإِهَابِ, (S, O,) He (a butcher) left some of the flesh sticking in the hide, in stripping it off: (S, O:) or he took some of the flesh and of the fat [in the hide] in the skinning: (K:) and الإِهَابَ ↓ غلّ he left somewhat [of the flesh, or of the flesh and of the fat,] remaining in the hide on the occasion of the skinning: a dial. var. of أَغَلَّ. (TA.) b2: And accord. to AA, الإِغْلَالُ signifies The milking of the she-camel when milk remains [app. afterwards] in her udder. (O.) [Perhaps the meaning is The leaving some remaining in the udder on the occasion of milking.]

A6: اغلّ الخَطِيبُ The orator, or preacher, said, or spoke, what was not right, or correct. (TA.) A7: اغلّ بَصَرَهُ, (S, O,) or البَصَرَ, (K,) He (a man, S, O) looked intensely, or intently. (S, O, K.) b2: See also 1, last sentence.

A8: إِغْلَالٌ signifies also The making an overt, or open, hostile, or predatory, incursion. (TA.) A9: And The clothing oneself with, or wearing, a coat of mail. (TA.) 5 تَغَلَّّ see 1, first sentence: A2: and see also 2, in three places.7 إِنْغَلَ3َ see 1, first sentence.8 اِغْتَلَلْتُ الثَّوْبَ: see 1, former half.

A2: اِغْتَلَلْتُ الشَّرَابَ I drank the beverage. (K.) A3: لَهُ أُرَيْضَةٌ يَغْتَلُّهَا: see 10.

A4: اغتلّ said of a camel, and اِغْتَلَّتْ said of sheep or goats: see 1, near the middle of the paragraph. (See also the next sentence but one.) A5: اغتلّ بِالغَالِيَةِ: see 2.

A6: اِغْتَلَّتْ said of sheep or goats, They became affected with the disease termed غَلَل [q. v.]. (O, K.) 10 اِسْتِغْلَالٌ signifies The desiring, or demanding, or [tasking a person,] to bring غَلَّة [i. e. proceeds, revenue, or income, accruing from the produce, or yield, of land, &c.]. (PS.) One says, استغلّ عَبْدَهُ, meaning He tasked his slave to bring غَلَّة to him. (S, O, K. [In the explanation in the CK, يَغُلَّ is erroneously put for يُغِلَّ.]) b2: and The taking, or receiving, [or obtaining,] of غَلَّة: (PS:) or the bringing of غَلَّة from a place [or an estate]. (KL.) One says, ↓ استغلّ المُسْتَغَلَّاتِ He took the غَلَّة of the مستغلّات [i. e. of the lands, or estates, from which غلّة is obtained]. (S, O, K.) And ↓ لَهُ أُرَيْضَةٌ يَغْتَلُّهَا like يَسْتَغِلُّهَا [i. e. To him belongs a small portion of land of which he takes, or receives, or obtains, the غَلَّة]. (TA.) b3: and [hence] one says of a hard man, لَا يُسْتَغَلُّ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ (assumed tropical:) [Nothing, meaning no profit or advantage, is reaped, or obtained, from him]. (L and TA in art. مرس: see 5 in that art.) R. Q. 1 غَلْغَلَ, inf. n. غَلْغَلَةٌ: see 1, first sentence. b2: غَلْغَلَ رِسَالَةٌ إِلَى صَاحِبِهَا [He conveyed a message, or letter, to the person to whom it pertained: see the pass. part. n., below]. (Ham p. 500.) A2: And غَلْغَلَةٌ signifies also A breaking [of the bone of the nose, and of the head of a flask or bottle], like غَرْغَرَةٌ. (TA.) A3: [See مُغَلْغِلَةٌ.I do not find any instance of the usage of غَلْغَلَ otherwise than as trans.: but in the TK, and hence by Freytag, غَلْغَلَةٌ in a sense in which it is expl. below is regarded as an inf. n., and consequently the verb is said to signify He went quickly; which is a meaning of R. Q. 2.] R. Q. 2 تَغَلْغَلَ: see 1, first quarter, in two places. قَدْ تَغَلْغَلْتَ يَا عَدُوَّ اللّٰهِ, said to the مُخَنَّث Heet, when he described a woman, as is related in a trad., is expl. as meaning Thou hast reached, in thy looking, of the beauties of this woman, a point which no looker, nor any one having close communion, nor any describer, has reached [beside thee, O enemy of God]. (TA.) b2: Also He went quickly: (K, * TA:) one says, تَغَلْغَلُوا فَمَضَوْا [They went quickly, and passed, or passed away]. (TA.) A2: تغلغل بِالغَالِيَةِ: see 2.

غُلٌّ A ring, or collar, of iron, which is put upon the neck: (Msb:) a shackle for the neck or for the hand: [i. e. a ring, or collar, for the neck, or a pinion or manacle for the hand:] (MA:) or a [shackle of the kind called] جَامِعَة, (TA, and so in the S and K in art. جمع,) of iron, (TA,) collecting together the two hands to the neck: (S in art. جمع; and Jel * in xxxvi. 7:) [sometimes, a shackle for the neck and hands, consisting of two rings, one for the neck and the other for the hands, connected by a bar of iron: (see زَمَّارَةٌ:)] and a shackle with which the Arabs used to confine a captive when they took him, made of thongs, upon which was hair, so that sometimes, when it dried, it became infested with lice upon his neck: (TA:) the pl. is أَغْلَالٌ: (S, O, Msb, K:) which repeatedly occurs in the Kur-án and the Sunneh as meaning (assumed tropical:) difficult tasks and fatiguing works [as being likened to shackles upon the necks]. (TA.) b2: [Hence] the Arabs apply it metonymically to denote (tropical:) A wife. (TA.) And غُلٌّ قَمِلٌ [lit. A lousy shackle for the neck &c.] is an appellation of (assumed tropical:) a woman of evil disposition; originating from the fact that the غُلّ used to be of thongs, upon which was hair, so that it became infested with lice. (S.) A2: Also, and ↓ غُلَّةٌ, (S, O, K,) and ↓ غَلَلٌ, (K,) or this is the inf. n. of غُلَّ, (S,) [and accord. to analogy of غَلَّ as originally غَلِلَ,] and ↓ غَلِيلٌ, (S, O, K,) Thirst: or vehement thirst: (K, TA:) or the burning of thirst; (S, O, TA;) little or much: (TA:) or burning of the inside, (K, TA,) from thirst, and from anger and vexation (TA.) غِلٌّ and ↓ غَلِيلٌ Rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite: (S, O, Msb, K, TA:) or latent rancour &c.: (JK in explanation of the former:) and envy; so each signifies; (TA;) [and so the former in the Kur vii. 41 and xv. 47:] and enmity: (TA in explanation of the latter:) and the former signifies also dishonesty, or insincerity. (S, O.) غَلَّةٌ Proceeds, revenue, or income, (Mgh, Msb, K, TA, [in the CK, الدَّخَلَةُ is put for الدَّخْلُ,]) of any kind, (Mgh, Msb,) accruing from the produce, or yield, of land, (Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) or from the rent thereof, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) [in which sense ↓ مَغَلٌّ is also used, as a subst., pl. مُغَلَّاتٌ,] or from seed-produce, and from fruits, and from milk, and from hire, and from the increase of cattle, and the like, (TA,) and from the rent of a house, (K, TA,) and from the hire of a slave, (Mgh, K, TA,) and the like; (Mgh, Msb;) [generally meaning corn, or grain; ??] wheat and barley and rice and the like; (KL;) the غَلَّة of the slave is the payment imposed by the master, and made to him: (TA voce ضَرِيبَةٌ:) pl. غَلَّاتٌ (S, O, Msb, TA) and غِلَالٌ. (Msb, TA.) b2: Also Dirhems [or pieces of money] that are clipped (مُقَطَّعَة), in a single piece thereof [the quantity clipped being] a قِيرَاط or a طَسُّوج or a grain; of which it is said in the “ Eedáh,” that one's lending غَلَّة in order to have such as are free from defect returned to him is disapproved: (Mgh:) or dirhems [or pieces of money] that are rejected by the treasury of the state, but taken by the merchants. (KT. [Freytag has given this latter explanation, but has erroneously assigned it to غُلَّةٌ.]) غُلَّةٌ A thing in which one hides himself. (IAar, TA.) b2: See also غِلَالَةٌ, in two places: b3: and غَلَلٌ.

A2: And see غُلٌّ, last sentence.

غَلَلٌ Water amid trees: pl. أَغْلَالٌ. (S, O. [See an ex. voce عَذْبٌ.]) And Water having no current, only appearing a little upon the surface of the earth, disappearing at one time and appearing at another: (AA, S, O:) or, accord. to AHn, a feeble flow of water from the bottom of a valley or water-course, amid trees. (TA.) Aboo-Sa'eed says, لَا يَذْهَبُ كَلَامُنَا غَلَلَا [Our speech shall not pass away as a feeble flow of water]: meaning that it ought not to be concealed from men, but should be made public. (TA.) A2: Also A strainer, or clarifier: occur-ring in a verse of Lebeed, cited voce رَازِقِىٌّ: where it means the فِدَام (S, O, TA) on the heads of the أَبَارِيق, (S,) or on the head of the إِبْرِيق: (O, TA:) or, as some relate the verse, the word is غُلَلٌ, pl. of ↓ غُلَّةٌ; (S, O, TA;) which signifies [the same, i. e.] a piece of rag bound on the head of the ابريق [to act as a strainer]. (IAar, TA.) A3: And The flesh that is left upon the thumb when one skins [a beast]. (TA.) A4: See also غُلٌّ, last sentence.

A5: Also, (O, K,) and ↓ غَلَالَةٌ, (O, and so in copies of the K,) or ↓ غُلَالَةٌ, (so in other copies of the K, and accord. to the TA,) A certain disease that attacks sheep, or goats, (O, K, TA,) in the orifice of the teat, occasioned by the milker's not exhausting the udder, but leaving in it some milk, which becomes blood, or coagulates and is mixed with a yellow fluid. (TA.) غَلُولُ الشَّيْخِ The food of the old man, which he ingests into his belly [or stomach]: (S, O, K:) and likewise the beverage drunk by him. (TA.) One says, نِعْمَ غَلُولُ الشَّيْخِ هٰذَا [Excellent, or most excellent, is this food of the old man &c.!]. (S, O, K.) غَلِيلٌ: see غُلٌّ, last sentence. b2: [Hence,] sometimes, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) The burning of love, and of grief. (K, TA.) b3: See also غِلٌّ.

A2: And see مَغْلُولٌ.

A3: Also Date-stones mixed with [the species of trefoil called] قَتّ, (S, O, K, TA,) and in like manner with dough, (TA,) for a she-camel, (S, O, K, TA,) which is fed therewith. (S, O, TA.) A4: See. also غَالٌّ.

غَلَالَةٌ, or غُلَالَةٌ: see غَلَلٌ, last sentence.

غِلَالَةٌ A garment that is worn next the body, beneath the other garment, (S, O, K,) and likewise beneath the coat of mail; (S, O;) also called ↓ غُلَّةٌ: (K, TA:) pl. [of the former] غَلَائِلُ and [of the latter] غُلَلٌ. (TA.) b2: And A piece of cloth with which a woman makes her posteriors [to appear] large, (O, * K, * TA,) binding it upon her hinder part, beneath her waist-wrapper; (TA;) as also ↓ غُلَّةٌ, of which the pl. is غُلَلٌ. (IB, TA.) b3: And The pin that connects the two heads of the ring [of a coat of mail]: (O, K:) pl. غَلَائِلُ. (TA.) And غَلَائِلُ signifies Coats of mail: or the pins thereof that connect the heads of the rings: or linings, or inner coverings, that are worn beneath them, (K, TA,) i. e. beneath the coats of mail: and [it is said that] the sing. thereof is ↓ غَلِيلَةٌ. (K, TA.) غَلِيلَةٌ: see what next precedes.

غَلَّانٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ غَالٌّ, (K,) applied to a camel, (S, O, K,) Thirsty: (K: *) or vehemently thirsty: (S, O, K: *) or affected with burning of the inside: (K: *) and ↓ غَالَّةٌ, and its pl. غَوَالُّ, camels not having fully satisfied their thirst. (TA.) غَالٌّ; and its fem., with ة: see the next preceding paragraph.

A2: Also Low, or depressed, ground, in which are trees, and places of growth of [the trees called] سَلَم and طَلْح: one says غَالٌّ مِنْ سَلَمٍ, like as one says عِيْصٌ مِنْ سِدْرٍ and قَصِيمَةٌ مِنْ غَضًا: (AHn, S, O:) or, as also ↓ غَلِيلٌ, a place of growth of [the trees called] طَلْح: or a low, or depressed, valley or torrent-bed in the ground, (K, TA,) in which are trees: (TA:) pl. غُلَّانٌ. (K.) b2: And A certain plant, (S, O, K,) [said to be] well known: (K: [but I have not found it to be now known:]) pl. غُلَّانٌ. (S, O, K.) غَالَّةٌ [as a subst.] A part broken off from the shore of the sea and become collected together in a place. (TA.) [Expl. by Freytag as signifying “ Pars maris, quæ in litore abrupta est: ” and as being a word of the dial. of El-Yemen: on the authority of IDrd.]

غلغل, [thus in my original,] applied to the root (عِرْق) of a tree, Extending far into the earth: pl. غَلَاغِلُ. (TA.) غَلْغَلَةٌ A quick rate of going. (S, O, K, * TA.) [App. a simple subst.; but perhaps an inf. n., of which the verb is غَلْغَلَ, q. v.]

غُلْغُلَةٌ Clamour and confusion of voices. (TA.) [Like the Pers\. غُلْغُل and غُلْغُلَه.]

مُغَلٌّ, as a subst., pl. مُغَلَّاتٌ: see غَلَّةٌ.

مُغِلٌّ A man cleaving to rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite. (TA.) b2: An unfaithful man; one who acts unfaithfully. (S, * Mgh, O, * TA.) Hence the saying of Shureyh, لَيْسَ عَلَى المُسْتَعِيرِ غَيْرِالمُغِلِّ ضَمَانٌ, (S, Mgh, O, TA,) وَلَاعَلَى

المُسْتَوْدَعِ, (TA,) i. e. [There is no guaranteeship to be imposed upon the asker of a loan, except the unfaithful, nor upon him who is asked to take charge of a deposit, meaning], except in the case of him who has been unfaithful in respect of the loan and the deposit: or, as some say, by the مُغِلّ is here meant the ↓ مُسْتَغِلّ [i. e. the person employed to bring the غَلَّة]: but IAth says that the former is the right explanation. (TA.) A2: مُغِلَّةٌ, applied to a garden (جَنَّة), as in a verse cited voce حَرَدَ, (S, O,) or to an estate (ضَيْعَة), (Mgh, TA,) Having, (Mgh,) or yielding, (TA,) غَلَّة [q. v.; fruitful, or productive]. (Mgh, TA.) مَغْلُولٌ, applied to a man, Having the [shackle called] غُلّ put upon him. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [v. 69], وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ يَدٌ اللّٰهِ مَغْلُولَةٌ [and the Jews said, The hand of God is shackled], meaning, withheld from dispensing. (O.) A2: Also, (S, K,) applied to a man, (S,) and ↓ غَلِيلٌ, and ↓ مُغْتَلٌّ, (K,) Thirsty; or vehemently thirsty; (K, TA;) or affected with burning of thirst, (S, TA,) little or much; (TA;) or with burning of the inside, (K, TA,) from thirst, or from anger and vexation. (TA.) مُغْتَلٌّ: see what next precedes. b2: [Hence,] أَنَا مُغْتَلٌّ إِلَيْهِ (tropical:) I am yearning, or longing, for him, or it. (K, TA.) رِسَالَةٌ مُغَلْغَلَةٌ A message, or letter, conveyed from town to town, or from country to country. (S, O, K.) مُغَلْغِلَةٌ, with kesr to the second غ, Hastening; syn. مُسْرِعَةٌ [which is trans. and intrans.; but generally the latter, like سَرِيعٌ]. (TA.) مُسْتَغَلٌّ A place [or land or an estate] from which غَلَّة is obtained: (KL:) [thus used, as a subst., it has for its pl. مُسْتَغَلَّاتٌ:] see 10.

مُسْتَغِلٌّ: see مُغِلٌّ.