قوم

1 قَامَ He stood still (Ksh and Bd in ii. 19) in his place. (Ksh.) b2: قَامَتِ الدَّابَّةُ The beast stopped (S, K, TA) from journeying, (TA,) from fatigue, or being jaded; (S, TA;) i. q. انقطعت. (A.) And قَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ الدَّابَّةُ His beast, being jaded, stopped with him, and moved not from its place. (Mgh.) b3: قَامَ He, or it, stood up, or erect; syn. اِنْتَصَبَ. (K.) and hence, He rose, i. e. from sitting or reclining. b4: قَامَ بِاللَّيْلِ He rose in the night to pray. b5: قَامَ رَمَضَانَ He passed the nights of Ramadán in prayer: (El-'Alkarnee in a marginal note in a copy of the Jámi' es-Sagheer, voce مَنْ:) or he performed the prayers [of Ramadán] called التَّرَاوِيح. (En-Nawawee, ibid.) b6: قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ The people rose to prayer: or the time of their doing so came. (TA.) b7: قَامَتِ السَّاعَةُ The resurrection, or the time thereof, came to pass. b8: قَامَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَكَادَ الظِّلُّ يَعْقِلُ [The sun became high, and the shade almost disappeared, at midday]. (JK.) b9: قَامَ عَلَيْهِ He rose up against him: see a verse cited voce حُوبٌ. b10: قَامَ بِالأَمْرِ He undertook the affair; took, or imposed, it upon himself; syn. تَكَفَّلَ بِهِ; and the epithet is قَائِمٌ and قَيِّمٌ: (Ham, p. 5:) [and] he managed, conducted, ordered, regulated, or superintended, the affair; syn. سَاسَهُ; (TA in art. سوس;) and قام عَلَيْهِ has this latter signification; and he tended, or took care of, it, or him; syn. سَاسَهُ and وَلِيَهُ: (Ham ubi supra:) [and] the former signifies he attended to the affair; [occupied himself with it]; (this should be the first explanation;) was mindful of it; kept to it constantly, or steadily; and is contr. of قَعَدَ عَنْهُ and تَقَاعَدَ: (JM, q. v.:) [or,] as contr. of قعد عنه and تقاعد, he acted vigorously in the affair; as also ↓ أَقَامَهُ; syn. جَدَّ فِيهِ, and تَجَلَّدَ. (Bd in ii. 2.) b11: You say, قَامَ بِشَأْنِهِ He undertook, or superintended, or managed, his affair, or affairs. And you say, قَامَ بِاليَتِيمِ, (Msb in art. عول,) and بِالصَّبِىِّ, (Idem, art. كفل,) He maintained the orphan, and the child; syn. عَالَهُ, and كَفَلَهُ: (Idem:) and قَامَ المَرْأَةَ, and عَلَيْهَا, He undertook the maintenance of the woman; or he maintained her; (مَانَهَا [i. e. قَامَ بِكِفَايَتِهَا (S and K in art. مون)];) and undertook, or managed, her affair, or affairs. (K.) and الرِّجَالُ يَقُومُونَ عَلَى النِّسَآءِ The men govern the women: (Bd, iv. 38:) or are mindful of them, and act well to them, or take care of them. (TA.) b12: قامَ بِعُذْرِى [He undertook, and it served, to excuse me]. (Msb and TA in art. عذر; &c.) b13: قَامَ بِهِ He, or it, was supported, or sustained, by it; subsisted by it: see the explanation of قَِوَامٌ in the Msb. b14: قَامَ عَلَيْهِ كَذَا It cost him such a thing, such a sum, or so much. b15: قَامَ often signifies ثَبَتَ: so in قَامَ فِى نَفْسِهِ أَنَّهُ كَذَا It was, or became, established in his mind that it was so. b16: قَامَ بِهِ قِيَامًا تَامًّا He managed it perfectly. b17: قَامَ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا He began to do such a thing; he betook himself to doing such a thing. (Zj, in TA, art. قدم.) b18: قَامَ المَآءُ (assumed tropical:) The water congealed, or froze; syn. جَمَدَ. (S, M, voce جَمَدَ.) b19: قَامَتْ عَيْنُهُ: see عَيْنٌ قَائِمَةٌ. b20: قَامَ قَائِمُ الظَّهِيرَةِ: see ظَهِيرَة: there expl. from JK. b21: قَامَ وَقَعَدَ: see قَعَدَ; and أَقْعَدَهُ; and see an ex. voce سُدَّةٌ. b22: قَامَ has also for an inf. n. مَقَامٌ, agreeably with a general rule: see Bd in x. 72, &c.; and see مَرَامٌ in art. روم.2 قَوَّمَهُ He made it straight, or even; namely, a crooked thing; as also ↓ أَقَامَهُ: (TK:) and made it right, or in a right condition; direct, or rightly directed. b2: قَوَّمَهُ بِكَذَا He valued it, or rated it, as equal to, or worth, such a thing. A phrase well known, and used in the present day. b3: قَوَّمَهُ He set its price; assigned it its price; valued it; (S, * Msb, K;) as also ↓ اِسْتَقَامَهُ. (Msb, K.) b4: ↓ قَوَّمْتُهُ فَتَقَوَّمَ i. q. عَدَّلْتُهُ فَتَعَدَّلَ. (Msb.) b5: قَوَّمَ He made a writing, and an account, or a reckoning, accurate, or exact, or right.3 قَاوَمَهُ [He rose against him, and withstood him, or opposed him, in contention;] namely, his adversary. (Mgh in art. نهض.) b2: It was equal, or equivalent, to it. (Msb.) b3: قَاوَمَهُ فِى الحَرْبِ He opposed him, or contended with him for equality, in war, or battle. (MA.) b4: قَاوَمَهُ فِى حَاجَةٍ He rose, or stood, with him [or assisted him] to accomplish some needful affair. (IAth, TA.) b5: قَاوَمَهُ It was equal, or equivalent, to it: see Msb: syn. عَادَلَهُ, q. v. (TA in art. بوأ.) b6: يُقَاوِمُ السُّمُوم [It counteracts poisons]. (TA, art. بلس.) 4 أَقَامَ He set up, put up, set upright, a thing. (Msb.) b2: أَقَامَهُ, said of food, [It sustained him, supported him]. (Msb.) b3: أَقَامَ عَلَى خَطَرٍ He stood to a bet, wager, or stake. (TA, voce نَدِبٌ.) b4: أَقَامَ عَلَيْهِ الحَّدَ He inflicted upon him the punishment termed حَدٌّ. (Mgh, art. حد.) b5: أَقَامَ دَرْأَهُ: see درأ. b6: أَقَامَ لِلصَّلَاةِ, inf. n. إِقَامَةٌ, He (the مُبَلِّغ) recited the form of words called إِقَامَة, q. v. infra. b7: أَقَامَ He remained, continued, stayed, tarried, resided, dwelt, or abode, in a place: he remained stationary. b8: أَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ, He observed prayer: or أَدَامَ فِعْلَهَا. (S, Msb.) See also Bd, and Jel ii. 2. b9: أَقَامَ فِعْلًا He performed an action. b10: See 1. b11: أَقَامَهُ عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ He made him to keep to the road: and للقَصْدِ, to the right way. (L, art. لغد.) b12: See 10. b13: أَقَاَمَ الأَمْرَ He put the affair into a right state; like نَظَمَهُ: see the latter in the Msb. b14: أَقَامَهُ (K in art. عدل) He made it to be conformable with that which is right; namely, a judgment, a judicial decision. (TK in that art.) b15: See 2. b16: أَقَامَ بِهِ in the Hamáseh, p. 75, 1. 9, app. signifies He stood in his stead. b17: أَقَامَ He observed, or duly performed, a religious, or moral, ordinance or duty. b18: أَقَامَ البَيِّنَةَ [He established the evidence or proof; and so اقام بِهَا? the ب being redundant]. (Bd, iii. 68.) And [in like manner,] اقام حُجَّتَهُ i. q.

أَثْبَتَهَا; (TA in art. ثبت;) and so, app., بِحُجَّتِهِ; the ب being redundant, as in an ex. voce خُطَّةٌ; but this is the only ex. that I know, and it is without explanation: Golius mentions the phrase أَقَامَ بِى عَلَيْكُمْ; but without indicating his authority. b19: أَقَامَ عَلَى حَالٍ He abode, or continued, in a state, or condition; and اقام على أَمْرٍ the same; and he abode, continued, stayed, or waited, intent upon, or occupied in, an affair, a business, or a concern; he kept to it.5 تَقَوَّمَ It subsisted: see رُكْنٌ. b2: تَقَوَّمَ It had a price; was valued. b3: See 2.6 تَقَاوَمُوهُ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ They valued it, or estimated its price, among them. (TA.) 10 اِسْتَقَامَ It became right; direct; in a right state; straight: even: tended towards the right, or desired, point, or object; had a right direction, or tendency; was regular. b2: اِسْتَقَامَ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الحَقِّ (K, art. رشد) He continued in the way of truth, or the right way; as also أَقَامَ ↓ عَلَيْهِ b4: لَمْ يَسْتَقِمِ الأَمْرُ The affair was, or became, difficult: see تَعَذَّرَ. b5: استقام لَهُ الأَمْرُ The affair, or case, became in a right state for him; syn. اِعْتَدَلَ. (S.) b6: اِسْتَقَامَ He, or it, was, or became, right, direct, rightly directed, undeviating, straight, or even: and he, or it, stood right, or straight, or erect. (MA, KL.) He went right on, straight on, or undeviatingly: (see زَعَبَ:) whence اِسْتَقَامَ عَلَى الطَّرِيقَةِ he went on undeviatingly in the way. (See Kur lxxii. 16.) He went right; pursued a right course; acted rightly, or justly. See also سَدَّ, with which it is syn. It (an affair) was direct in its tendency, or had a right tendency. It (discourse, &c.) had a right tenour. b7: See 2.

قَوْمٌ [A people, or body of persons composing a community: and people, or persons:] a company, or body, [or party, (see what follows,)] of men, [properly] without women: (S, Msb, K, &c.:) or of men and women together; (K;) for the قوم of every man is his party, and his kinsfolk, or tribe: (TA:) or (K) sometimes including women, as followers; (S, Msb, K;) for the قوم of every prophet is of men and women. (S, Msb.) b2: قَوْمٌ opposed to نِسَآءٌ: see a verse cited voce سَوْفَ.

قَامَةٌ The stature of a man; his height in a standing posture; it is a span (شِبْر) shorter than a باع: (JK:) tallness, height; and beauty, or justness, of stature. (K.) b2: قَامَةٌ A structure [or post] like the figure of a man, raised at the side of a well, whereon is placed the wood to which the pulley is attached: pl. قَامٌ: (JK:) also called ↓ قَائِمَةٌ: see K, voce عَمُود: or قَامَةُ البَكْرَةٌ signifies the sheave (بَكْرَة) with its apparatus. (S, K.) دِينٌ قِيَمٌ A right religion. (Kur, vi. 162.) See دِرَّةٌ.

الرِّيَاحُ القُوَّمُ The right [or cardinal] winds. (S, voce نَكْبَاءُ.) الدِّينُ القَيِّمُ (Kur ix. 36) The right, correct, or true, reckoning. (T in art. دين.) b2: قَيِّمُ الأَمْرِ i. q. ↓ مُقِيمُهُ and سَائِسُهُ: fem. قَيِّمَةٌ. (TA.) b3: قَيِّمٌ بِالأَمْرِ A manager of an affair; i. q. إِزَاؤُهُ. (S, Msb, art. ازى.) See قَامَ بِالأَمْرِ. b4: قَيِّمٌ A manager, conductor, orderer, regulator, or superintendent, of an affair: (TA:) a manager, conductor, &c., of the affairs of a people. (JK.) قَيِّمٌ عَلَى المَالِ A good [manager and] tender of camels, &c. (TA in art. بلو.) قِيمَةٌ The real value, or worth, of a thing; its equivalent; differing from ثَمَنٌ, q. v. (MF in art. ثمن.) قَوَامٌ Stature, and goodly stature, or tallness, of a man: (S:) symmetry, or justness of proportion. (Msb.) b2: قِوَامُ الأَمْرِ and قِيَامُهُ and قَوَامُهُ The stay, or support, of the thing, or affair, whereby it subsists, and is managed and ordered. (Msb.) And قِوَامٌ The food that is a man's support; (Msb;) [his subsistence.] b3: قِوَامٌ [The main stay of a thing.] b4: لَا قِوَامَ لَهُ بِهِ [He has not power to withstand him. (K, art. نجز.) قِوَامٌ Subsistence: see رُكْنٌ and طَبَعٌ.

قِيَامٌ [A state of purging, or flux of the belly: used in this sense in the S, K, voce هَيْضَةٌ].

قَوِيمٌ : see صَوِيبٌ.

القَيُّومُ : see يَا قَيُّومُ in the last paragraph of art. شره, where I have rendered it on the authority of an explanation in the TA.

قَوَّامٌ One who rises much, or often, in the night to pray. (TA.) See صَوَّامٌ.

قُومِيَّةٌ is written with damm in copies of the S, K, JK: in the CK, erroneously, قَوْمِيَّةٌ, in both senses. See voce مُتَشَمِّسٌ.

قَائِمٌ Appearing; conspicuous; [as though standing before one]: said of a thing whether standing or thrown down. (TA, in explanation of the phrase هٰذَا نُصْبُ عَيْنِى, art. نصب.) b2: قَائِمَةٌ, pl. قَوَائِمُ, Leg of a horse, &c. b3: عَيْنٌ قَائِمَةٌ An eye [blind, or white and blind, but still whole or] that has become white and blind, but not yet burst, (Az in L, art. سد,) or sightless, but with the black still remaining. (Mgh, Msb.) b4: قَائِمٌ and قَائِمَةٌ The hilt of a sword. (Msb.) b5: قَائِمَةٌ A leg of a table, and of a throne, or moveable seat, &c. (JK.) See also قَامَةٌ; and see إِسْنَادٌ. b6: قَوَمَةُ بَيْتِ النَّارِ (K, art. هربذ.) The servants of the fire-temple. (TA, same art.) b7: القَوَائِمُ The winds. So in a verse of Umeiyeh Ibn-Abi-s-Salt. (TA, voce سَدِرٌ.) b8: قَوَائِمُ المَائِدَةِ [The legs of the table]. (K, art. عقر.) b9: قَطٌّ قَائِمٌ A nibbing in which the pith and the exterior of the reed are made of equal length: opposed to مُصَوَّبٌ. (TA in art. حرف.) b10: مَآءٌ قَائِمٌ Frozen water. And stagnant water: see حِبَاك.

إِقَامَةٌ The form of words chanted by the مُبَلِّغ, not by the مُؤَذِّن, consisting of the common words of the أَذَان, with the addition of قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ (The time of prayer has come!) pronounced twice after حَىَّ عَلَى الفَلَاحِ. See ثَوَّبَ.

مَقَامٌ The place of the feet; (K;) a standingplace; (S, Msb;) as also ↓ مُقَامٌ: (S:) or the latter, a place of stationing: (Msb:) and both, a place of continuance, stay, residence, or abode: (K:) [a standing:] and the latter, a place of long continuance, stay, residence, or abode: (Expos. of the Mo'allakát, Calc., p. 138:) and both, continuance, stay, residence, or abode. (S, K.) مُقَامٌ : see مَقَامٌ.

مُقِيمٌ Lasting; continuing: (Bd, ix. 21:) unceasing. (Bd, ix. 69.) b2: أَخَذَهُ المُقِيمُ المُقْعِدُ: see art. قعد. b3: See قَيِّمٌ.

مَقَامَةٌ A standing-place. Hence, (assumed tropical:) A sittingplace. Hence, (assumed tropical:) The persons sitting there. Hence, (assumed tropical:) An oration, or a discourse, or an exhortation, (خُطْبَة او عِظَة,) or the like, there delivered; as also مَجْلِسٌ. (Mtr, in De Sacy's ed. of El-Hareeree, p. 5.) حَجَرٌ مُتَقَوِّمٌ (K, art. موس) A precious stone. (TA, same art.) المِعَى المُسْتَقِيمُ The rectum.

تَقْوِيمَاتٌ [pl. of تَقْوِيمٌ] Stellar calculations. (TA, voce اِيجٌ.)

رسم

1 رَسَمَ الدَّارَ, (M,) or الدِّيَارَ, (K,) [aor. ـُ accord. to a rule of the K,] inf. n. رَسْمٌ, (M,) It (the rain) rased the house or dwelling, or the houses or dwellings, leaving a relic, or relics, thereof cleaving to the ground. (M, K.) In the saying of El-Hotei-ah, أَمِنْ رَسْمِ دَارٍ مُرْبِعٌ وَمُصِيفُ لِعَيْنَيْكَ مِنْ مَآءِ الشُّؤُونِ وَكِيفُ [Is it in consequence of autumn-rain's and springrain's rasing of a dwelling so as to leave only a relic thereof cleaving to the ground, that there is to thine eyes a distilling of the water of the tearchannels?], مربع and مصيف are in the nom. case because of the inf. n., i.e. رسم. (M, TA. [But in the latter, مَصِيفُ: and in a copy of the former, مَرْبَعٌ and مَصِيفُ, both of which are evidently wrong.]) b2: [رَسَمَ often signifies He marked, or stamped: and he drew, traced, traced out, sketched, sketched out, or planned: and he delineated, or described.] You say, رَسَمَ الطَّعَامَ He stamped, or sealed, the corn; (TA in art. رشم;) as also رَشَمَهُ. (S, K, TA, all in that art. [See رَوْسَمٌ.]) and رَسَمْتُ البِنَآءَ, aor. and inf. n. as above, I marked out the building. (Msb.) And رَسَمَ كِتَابًا وَلَمْ يَحْشُهُ [He sketched out a book and did not fill it up]. (Mz 1st نوع.) And رَسَمْتُ الكِتَابَ I wrote the book, or letter, or writing. (Msb.) And رَسَمَ عَلَى كَذَا He wrote upon such a thing; (S, K;) and رَشَمَ is a dial. var. thereof. (TA.) b3: [Hence,] رَسَمَ لَهُ كَذَا, (S, K, TA,) or بِكَذَا, (Msb,) (tropical:) [He prescribed to him the doing of such a thing;] he commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, him to do such a thing. (S, * Msb, * K, TA.) [And رَسَمَ لَهُ كَذَا also means (assumed tropical:) he assigned, or appointed, him such a thing, as a stipend, &c.: often used in this sense.] b4: رَسَمَتْ said of a she-camel, (S, M, K,) aor. ـُ (S, M, [and so accord. to a rule of the K,]) or ـِ not رَسُمَ, (TA,) inf. n. رَسِيمٌ, (S, M, K,) She made marks upon the ground (S, M, K) by the vehemence of her tread. (S, M.) b5: And رَسَمَ said of a camel, aor. ـِ inf. n. رَسِيمٌ, (S, K,) with which مِرْسَمٌ is syn., (K,) He went a certain pace, (S, K,) exceeding that which is termed ذَمِيل [inf. n. of ذَمَلَ, q. v.]: one should not say of a camel أَرْسَمَ, for this latter verb is trans. (S.) b6: Also رَسَمَ نَحْوَهُ, inf. n. رَسْمٌ, He went, or went away, quickly towards him, or it. (TA.) b7: and رَسَمَ فِى الأَرْضِ, (K,) inf. n. رَسْمٌ, (TA,) He disappeared in the land, or country: (K:) and [hence], used metonymically, (tropical:) he died; like رَزَمَ. (TA.) 2 تَرْسِيمٌ [inf. n. of رَسَّمَ] The act of marking, or stamping, [and of drawing, tracing, tracing out, sketching, sketching out, or planning, several things, or of doing so much, or] well:: and writing [much, or] well: and making a garment, or piece of cloth, striped. (KL.) 4 ارسم He caused a she-camel to make marks upon the ground (M, K) by the vehemence of her tread. (M.) b2: And He made a camel to go the pace termed رَسِيم (S. [The meaning is there indicated, but not expressed.]) فَأَرْسَمَا ending a verse of Homeyd Ibn-Thowr [which is variously related] refers to two boys, or young men, mentioned therein, and means فَأَرْسَمَا بَعِيرَيْهِمَا [and they made their two camels to go the pace termed رَسِيم]. (AHát, TA.) 5 ترسّم, (K, but omitted in some copies,) or ترسّم الرَّسْمَ, (M,) He looked at the رَسْمِ [or mark, trace, relic, &c.]. (M, K.) And ترسّم الدَّارَ He considered, or examined, the رُسُوم [or marks, traces, relics, &c.,] of the house, or dwelling; (S, TA; *) or did so repeatedly, in order to obtain a clear knowledge thereof. (TA.) b2: And in like manner ترسّم signifies He looked, and considered, or examined, or did so repeatedly, in order to know where he should dig, or build. (S, TA.) Hence, تَرَسَّمَتِ القَنَافِذُ فِى الأَرْضِ (tropical:) The hedge-hogs looked, or considered, or examined, repeatedly, to know where they should make their holes. (TA.) And ترسّم الشَّىْءَ (assumed tropical:) He looked, or looked long, at the thing; or considered, or examined, it, or did so repeatedly, in order to obtain a clear knowledge of it. (TA.) And ترسّم القَصِيدَةَ (tropical:) He considered, or studied, the ode, and retained it in his memory, or sought, or endeavoured, to remember it. (K, * TA.) And أَنَا أَتَرَسَّمُ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) I remember, or I seek, or endeavour, to remember, such a thing, but am not sure, or certain, of it. (TA.) 8 اِرْتِسَامٌ [in its primary sense, as quasi-pass. of رَسْمٌ, inf. n. of رَسَمَ, is app. post-classical, but, as such,] is used by the logicians as meaning The being stamped and depicted [in the mind]: (“ Dict. of the Technical Terms used in the sciences of the Musalmans: ”] an image's being fixed in, or upon, a thing. (KL.) [It is used, in this sense, of an image formed by the fancy, and of any ideal image.]

A2: [Also (tropical:) The obeying a prescript or command &c.] You say, رَسَمْتُ لَهُ كَذَا, (S, K,) or بِكَذَا, (Msb,) فَارْتَسَمَ, (Msb, K,) or فَارْتَسَمَهُ, (S,) (tropical:) [I prescribed to him the doing of such a thing; or] I commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, him to do such a thing, (K, TA,) and he obeyed (S, Msb, TA) it [i. e. the prescript &c.]. (S, Msb.) And ↓ أَنَا أَرْتَسِمُ مَرَاسِمَكَ (tropical:) [I obey thy prescripts &c.;] I do not transgress thy مراسم. (TA.) b2: And hence, (TA,) ارتسم signifies also (tropical:) He said اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرْ [God is great, or most great]: (S, M, K, TA:) and he sought protection or preservation [by God]: (M, K, TA;) and he prayed or supplicated or petitioned [God]: (S, K:) as though [meaning] he took the course prescribed by God, of having recourse to Him for protection or preservation. (TA.) El-Aashà says, [speaking of wine,] وَصَلَّى عضلَى دَنِّهَا وَارْتَسَمْ وَقَابَلَهَا الرِيحَ فِى دَنِّهَا (S, M, TA,) or وَأَقْبَلَهَا, (so in some copies of the S in this art. and in art. صلو, and in the Mgh, also, in the latter art.,) i. e. [And he exposed it to the wind, in its jar, and he prayed over its jar,] and petitioned for it (TA in this art. and in art. صلو) that it might not become sour, nor spoil: (TA in the latter art.:) AHn says that ارتسم means he stamped its vessel with the رَوْسَم; but this saying is not valid: (M, TA:) [and Mtr, also, says that] ارتسم, here, is from الرَّوْسَمُ, and means he stamped it. (Mgh in art. صلو.) رَسْمٌ inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (Msb, &c.) b2: [Hence رَسْمُ المُصْحَفِ The writing of the book of the Kur-án; for which particular rules are prescribed. b3: Hence also رَسْمٌ is sometimes used by logicians as meaning A definition, either perfect (تَامٌّ) or imperfect (نَاقِصٌ); like حَدٌّ.] b4: Also A mark, an impression, a sign, a trace, a vestige, or a relic or remain; syn. أَثَرٌ; (S, Msb, K;) and رَشَمٌ is a dial. var. thereof, accord. to Aboo-Turáb; as is also ↓ رَسَمٌ, both syn. with أَثَرٌ, (TA in art. رشم,) and so is رَشْمٌ. (K in that art.:) or a relic, or remain, of what is termed أَثَرٌ [as meaning a mark, an impression, a sign, a trace, or a vestige]: or such, of what are termed آثَار [as meaning relics or remains], as has not substance and height: (M, K:) or such as is cleaving to the ground: (M:) رَسْمُ دَارٍ means remains of a house or dwelling, cleaving to the ground: (S, TA:) or رَسْمٌ signifies a remain, or remains, of a ruined dwelling or place of alighting and abiding: (Har p. 607:) and ↓ رَوْسَمٌ is syn. with رَسْمٌ: (S, M, K [accord. to the correct copies of this last:]) the pl. [of pauc.] of رَسْمٌ is أَرْسُمٌ and [the pl. of mult. is]

رُسُومٌ. (M, Msb, K.) b5: [I. q. مَرْسُومٌ: see مَرَاسِمُ.

And hence, as being prescribed,] رُسُومُ الدِّينِ means (assumed tropical:) The ways that are followed in respect of the doctrines and practices of religion. (TA.) b6: And A well which one fills up (M, K) in the ground: (K:) pl. رِسَامٌ. (M, K.) b7: [In some copies of the K, two meanings that belong to رَوْسَمٌ are, by the omission of a و, assigned to رَسْمٌ: see رَوْسَمٌ.]

رَسَمٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

A2: Also Goodness, or elegance, of gait, pace, or manner of going. (K.) رَسُومٌ That makes marks upon the ground by the vehemence of her tread: applied to a she-camel. (S TA.) [See an ex. in a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. جهم.] b2: Also That continues journeying a day and a night: (S, K:) applied to a he-camel. (TK.) رَسِيمٌ A certain pace of camels, (S, K,) exceeding that which is termed ذَمِيلٌ [q. v.]; (S;) [see رَسَمَ, of which it is an inf. n.;] and ↓ مِرْسَمٌ signifies the same. (K.) رَسَّامٌ One who engraves [or draws inscriptions or other designs] upon tablets or the like. (TA.) رَاسِمٌ, (S, K,) or مَآءٌ رَاسِمٌ, (TK,) Running water. (S, K.) b2: And رَاسِمَةٌ A she-camel that goes the pace termed رَسِيم: pl. رَوَاسِمُ. (Har p. 495.) رَوْسَمٌ: see رَسْمٌ. b2: Also A sign, a token, a mark, or an indication, (M, K,) of beauty or of ugliness; as in the saying, إِنَّ عَليْهِ لَرَوْسَمًا [Verily upon him is a sign, &c.]: so says Khálid Ibn-Jebeleh: (M:) pl. رَوَاسِمُ and رَوَاسِيمُ. (TA.) b3: And as pl. of رَوْسَمُ, (TA,) رَوَاِسيمُ signifies Certain books, or writings, that were in the Time of Ignorance. (S, K.) b4: Also the sing., A stamp, or seal; i. e. an instrument with which one stamps, or seals; and رَوْشَمٌ is a dial. var. thereof: (M:) or, as some say, particularly, (M,) one with which the head [or mouth] of a [large jar such as is called] خَابِيَة is stamped, or sealed; (M, K;) as also ↓ رَاسُومٌ, (K,) and رَاشُومٌ. (TA.) And A piece of wood, (S, M, Msb, K,) or a small tablet, (A,) upon which is some inscription (S, M, A, K) engraved, or hollowed out, (A, K,) with which wheat, (S, M, K,) or corn, or grain, (Msb,) [in its repository,] is stamped, or sealed, (S, M, Msb, K,) or with which collections of wheat or corn are stamped, or sealed: (AA, TA:) as also رَوْشَمٌ: pl. رَوَاسِمُ. (Msb.) [In some copies of the K, by the omission of a و, this meaning and the next are assigned to رَسْمٌ.] b5: And (as some say, S) A certain thing with which deenárs are polished. (S, K.) A poet says, (S,) namely, Kutheiyir, (TA,) دَنَانِيرُ شِيفَتْ مِنْ هِرَقْلٍ بِرَوْسَمِ [Deenárs, of Heraclius, that were polished with روسم]. (S, TA.) A2: It occurs in poetry as meaning The face of a horse, in the phrase قُرْحَةٌ بِرَوْسَمٍ

[A star, or blaze, in the face of a horse]. (M.) A3: Also A calamity, or misfortune; (K;) like رَوْسَبٌ. (TA.) رَاسُومٌ: see the next preceding paragraph. [Accord. to rule, its pl. is رَوَاسِيمُ, mentioned above as a pl. of رَوْسَمٌ.]

مُرْسِمٌ [act. part. n. of 4, q. v.]. In the saying of the Hudhalee, وَالْمُرْسِمُونَ إِلَى عَبْدِ العَزِيزِ بِهَا مَعًا وَشَتَّى وَمِنْ شَفْعٍ وَفُرَّادِ [And those urging them to make marks upon the ground by the vehemence of their tread in their way to 'Abd-El-'Azeez, together and separately, and two by two and one by one], he means المُرْسِمُوهَا, inserting the ب redundantly between the verb [or part. n., which is often termed a verb,] and its objective complement. (M.) مِرْسَمٌ: see رَسِيمٌ.

مُرَسَّمٌ A garment, or piece of cloth, striped, (S, M, K,) or marked with faint lines. (TA.) مَرْسُومٌ [or كِتَابٌ مَرْسُومٌ] A book, or writing, stamped, or sealed: pl. مَرَاسِيمُ. (TA.) and طَعَامٌ مَرْسُومٌ Wheat stamped, or sealed. (TA. [See رَوْسَمٌ.]) b2: See also the following paragraph.

مَرَاسِمُ Marks, stamps, impressions, signs, or characters. (KL.) b2: [And (assumed tropical:) Prescripts, commands, orders, biddings, or injunctions: and (assumed tropical:) assignments, or appointments: in both of these senses app. a contraction of مَرَاسِيمُ, pl. of ↓ مَرْسُومٌ; thus used in the present day; like رُسُومٌ, pl. of ↓رَسْمٌ.] See 8.

سرف

1 سَرِفَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. سَرَفٌ, He was ignorant: or he was unmindful, negligent, or heedless. (Msb.) [In these senses it is trans.: you say,] سَرِفَهُ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. سَرَفٌ, (S, * M, K, *) He was unmindful, negligent, or heedless, of it; (S, M, K;) namely, a thing: (S, M:) and he was ignorant of it: (S, K:) and he missed it; (S, * M, K; * [in the first and third of which, only the inf. n. of the verb in this sense in mentioned, and expl. as syn. with خَطَأٌ;]) syn. أَخْطَأَهُ. (M.) And طَلَبْتُهُمْ فَسَرِفْتُهُمْ I sought them and missed them: or was ignorant of them. (Msb.) And سَرِفَ القَوْمَ He passed by the people, or party, and left them behind him. (M.) As relates, of an Arab of the desert, with whom some companions of his made an appointment to meet him in a certain place of the mosque, and to whom he broke his promise, that, being asked respecting that, he said, مَرَرْتُ بِكُمْ فَسَرِفْتُكُمْ, meaning [I passed by you and] I was unmindful of you. (S.) And hence the saying of Jereer, (S, TA,) praising the Benoo-Umeiyeh, (TA,) أَعْطَوْا هُنَيْدَةَ يَحْدُوهَا ثَمَانِيَةٌ مَا فِى عَطَائِهِمُ مِنٌّ وَلَا سَرَفُ meaning [They gave a hundred camels, eight persons driving them, or urging them by singing to them: there was not in their gift reproach for a benefit conferred, nor] unmindfulness: or the meaning is, nor missing (خَطَأٌ); that is, they did not miss the proper place of the gift by their giving it to such as did not deserve it and refusing it to the deserving. (S, TA.) You say also, سَرِفْتُ يَمِينَهُ I was unacquainted with, or knew not, his oath. (TA.) b2: [سَرَفٌ is also, as expl. below, syn. with إِسْرَافٌ, but as a subst., having no verb properly belonging to it.]

A2: سَرَفَتِ الشَّجَرَةَ, (ISk, S, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. سَرْفٌ, (ISk, S,) said of the سُرْفَة [q. v.], It ate the leaves of the tree: (ISk, S, K:) and سَرَفَتِ الخَشَبَ is likewise said of the سُرْفَة [as meaning it ate the wood]. (Z, TA.) And سُرِفَتِ الشَّجَرَةُ, (ISk, S, M, TA,) inf. n. سَرْفٌ, (ISk,) The tree had its leaves eaten by the سُرْفَة: (S:) or was smitten, or lighted on, by the سُرْفَة: (ISk, M, TA:) and سَرِفَ الخَشَبُ [the wood was eaten by the سُرْفَة], the verb in this phrase being quasi-pass. of the verb in the phrase سَرَفَتِ السُّرْفَةُ الخَشَبّ, like as حَطِمَ and صَعِقَ are quasi-passives of the verbs in the phrases حَطَمَتْهُ السِّنُّ and صَعَقَتْهُ السَّمَآءُ: (Z, TA:) and [hence] one says also, سَرِفَ الطَّعَامُ (tropical:) The wheat, or food, was, or became, cankered, or eaten away; as though smitten, or lighted on, by the سُرْفَة. (M, TA.) b2: [Hence also,] سُرِفَتْ أُذُنُ الشَّاةِ (tropical:) The ear of the sheep, or goat, was entirely cut off. (A, TA.) b3: And سَرَفَتْ وَلَدَهَا (tropical:) She (a mother) injured her child by too much milk. (A, K, * TA.) 4 اسرف, (Msb,) inf. n. إِسْرَافٌ, (M, Msb,) He exceeded, or transgressed, the just, or right, bound, or limit, or measure; acted extravagantly, exorbitantly, or immoderately: (M, Msb:) or إِسْرَافٌ signifies the being extravagant in expenditure, syn. تَبْذِيرٌ; (K) or so إِسْرَافٌ فِى النَّفَقَةِ: (S, TA:) or, as some say, تبذير means the “ exceeding in respect of the right objects of expenditure,” which is ignorance of the [right] manner, and of things that should prevent it; and اسراف means the exceeding with respect to quantity [in expenditure], and is ignorance of the values of the right objects: (MF in art. بذر:) or the latter signifies the expending otherwise than in obedience of God, (Sufyán, K, * TA,) whether little or much; (TA;) as also ↓ سَرَفٌ: (M, TA:) it is also said to mean the eating that which it is not lawful to eat; and this is said to be meant in the Kur vi. 142 or vii. 29: and the putting a thing in a wrong place [as when one expends his money upon a wrong object]: and accord. to Iyás Ibn-Mo'áwiyeh, الإِسْرَافُ is that [action] whereby one falls short of what is due to God. (TA.) You say also, اسرف فِى مَالِهِ, meaning He was hasty in respect of his property, [i. e. in expending it,] without pursuing the just course, or keeping within due bounds. (M.) And اسرف فِى الكَلَامِ and فِى القَتْلِ He exceeded the due bounds, or just limits, in speech, and in slaying. (M.) الإِسْرَافُ فِى القَتْلِ, which is forbidden in the Kur xvii. 35, is said to mean The slaying of another than the slayer of one's companion: (Zj, M, Mgh: *) or the slaying the slayer without the authority of the Sultán: or the not being content with slaying one, but slaying a number of persons, because of the high rank of the slain and the low condition of the slayer: or the slaying one higher in rank than the slayer: (Zj, M:) or the slaying two when the slayer is one: or the maining or mutilating [before slaughter]. (Mgh.) إِسْرَافٌ also signifies The committing of many faults, offences, or crimes, and sins. (TA.) and you say, أَكَلَهُ إِسْرَافًا (TA) and ↓ سَرَفًا, (M, TA,) meaning He ate it hastily. (M, TA.) 5 تسرّف He sucked: and ate, gnawed, or devoured. (KL. [App. from سُرْفَةٌ, q. v. See also سَرَفَتِ الشَّجَرَةَ, &c., in the latter half of the first paragraph.]) سَرَفْ inf. n. of سَرِفَ [q. v.]. (S, * M, Msb, K. *) b2: And also a subst. from أَسْرَفَ; (Msb;) i. q. إِسْرَافٌ; (M;) signifying Excess, or transgression, of the just, or right, bound, or limit, or measure; extravagant, exorbitant, or immoderate, action or conduct; (M, Msb, TA;) contr. of قَصْدٌ. (S, K.) See also 4, in two places. b3: [Hence,] (tropical:) The overflowing of water from the sides of a watering-trough, or tank; as in the saying, ذَهَبَ مَآءُ الحَوْضِ سَرَفًا (tropical:) The water of the watering-trough, or tank, [went away running to waste, or] overflowed from its sides: (K, TA:) or سَرَفُ المَآءِ means (assumed tropical:) what goes, of water, without irrigating and without profit: [or rather its going for nought:] you say, أَرْوَتِ البِئْرُ النَّخِيلَ وَذَهَبَ بَقِيَّةُ المَآءِ سَرَفًا (assumed tropical:) [The well irrigated the palmtrees, and the rest of the water went for nought, in waste]. (Sh, TA.) b4: And Addictedness (ضَرَاوَةٌ, S, K, or لَهَجٌ M) to a thing, (M,) or in respect of wine. (K, TA.) It is said in a trad. (S, M) of 'Áïsheh, (TA,) إِنَّ لِلَّحْمِ سَرَفًا كَسَرَفِ الخَمْرِ [Verily there is an addictedness to flesh-meat like the addictedness to wine]: (S, M, TA:) i. e. he who is accustomed to it is addicted to the eating thereof, like as he who is constantly drinking wine is addicted thereto, having little selfrestraint therefrom: or the meaning here is unmindfulness [of consequences with respect to flesh-meat &c.]: or corruptness of conduct, arising from hardness of heart, and daringness to disobey, and self-impulsion to the gratification of appetite: (TA:) or it may be [that the meaning is, there is an extravagance with respect to flesh-meat &c.,] from الإِسْرَافُ (S, TA) in expenditure for that which is not needed, or otherwise than in obedience [to the law of God]. (TA.) b5: It is also said in a trad., لَا يَنْتَهِبُ الرَّجُلُ نُهْبَةً ذَاتَ سَرَفٍ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ, meaning, ذَاتَ شَرَفٍ وَقَدْرٍ كَبِيرٍ

[i. e. The man shall not take a thing as spoil that is of high and great estimation, he being a believer]: (K, TA:) [for] people disapprove of that: (TA:) and it is also related with ش [i. e.

ذات شَرَفٍ]. (K.) سَرِفٌ Ignorant; (IAar, M, Msb, TA;) as also ↓ مُسْرِفٌ: (IAar, TA:) or unmindful, negligent, or heedless. (Msb.) And رَجُلٌ سَرِفٌ الفُؤَادِ (tropical:) A man missing, or mistaking, in heart, or mind; negligent, or heedless, therein. (S, K, TA.) and رَجُلٌ سَرِفُ العَقْلِ (assumed tropical:) A man having little intellect, or intelligence: or (tropical:) corrupt in intellect; accord. to Z, from سَرَفَتِ السُّرْفَةُ الخَشَبَ, of which the quasipass. is سَرِفَ [q. v.; meaning that it is from سَرِفٌ as a part. n. of this latter verb]. (TA.) b2: أَرْضٌ سَرِفَةٌ, (S, M, K,) and وَادٍ سَرِفٌ, (M, TA,) A land, and a valley, abounding with the [worm, or caterpillar, or small creeping thing, called] سُرْفَة. (S, M, * K, TA.) سُرُفٌ A certain white thing [or substance] resembling the web of the silkworm. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) سُرْفَةٌ [A certain worm, or caterpillar, or small creeping thing;] a small creeping thing that makes for itself a habitation, (S, K,) four-sided, or square, (S,) of fragments of wood, (S, K,) joining them together by means of its spittle, in the form of a نَاؤُوس [here meaning coffin], (S,) which it then enters, and [therein it] dies: (S, K:) or the silkworm: or a certain small creeping thing, dust-coloured, that constructs a beautiful habitation in which it is: or a very small creeping thing, like the half of a lentil, that bores a tree, and then constructs therein a habitation of pieces of wood, which it conjoins by means of what resembles the web of the spider: or a very small dust-coloured creeping thing, that comes to a piece of wood and excavates it, and then brings a bit of wood and puts it therein, then another, then another, and then weaves what resembles the web of the spider: or, accord. to AHn, a certain small creeping thing, like the worm, inclining in some degree to blackness, found upon the [plants called] حَمْض, that constructs a four-sided, or square, habitation, of pieces of wood, joining the extremities of these together by means of a thing [or substance] resembling the web of the spider: or the worm [or caterpillar] that weaves [a web] upon certain trees, and eats their leaves, and destroys the rest thereof by that weaving: or a certain worm [or caterpillar] like the finger, hairy, speckled with black or white, that eats the leaves of trees so as to make them bare: or a certain worm [or caterpillar] that weaves upon itself, of the size of the finger in length, a thing like the قِرْطَاس [or roll, or scroll, of paper], which it enters, so becoming unattainable: or a certain light, small creeping thing, like a spider: (M:) pl. سُرَفٌ. (TA.) Hence the prov., أَصْنَعُ مِنْ سُرْفَةٍ [More skilled in fabricating than a سُرْفَة]. (S, M, K.) And one says also, أَخَفُّ مِنْ سُرْفَةٍ [Lighter than a سُرْفَة]. (M.) سَرَافٌ, accord. to Freytag, (but he has not named his authority,) The erosion of a tree by wood-fretters (“ teredines,” by which he means سُرَف, pl. of سُرْفَةٌ).]

سَرُوفٌ Hard, severe, or difficult; great, momentous, or formidable: (O, K, TA:) an epithet applied to a day. (O, TA.) سَرِيفٌ A row of grape-vines. (O, K.) سَرَافِيلُ: see إِسْرَافِيلُ, below.

أُسْرُفٌ i. q. آنُكٌ [i. e. Lead, or black lead, or tin, or pewter]; (O, K;) of Pers\. origin, (O,) arabicized, from سُرُبْ, (O, L, K,) or أُسْرُبْ. (CK.) [See also أُسْرُبٌ.]

إِسْرَافِيلُ, (S, M, O, K,) and El-Kanánee used to say ↓ سَرَافِيلُ, the name of A certain angel; (M; [in which it is mentioned among quadriliteral-radical words; but it is there said that the إ may be radical;]) the angel who is to blow the horn on the day of resurrection: (Jel in vi. 73, &c.:) [see رُوحَانِىٌّ:] a foreign word (S, O, K) prefixed, (K,) or as though prefixed, (S, O,) to إِيلُ: (S, O, K:) and إِسْرَافِينُ is a dial. var. of the same; (Kh, S, M, O, K;) like as they said جَبْرِينُ and إِسْمَاعِينُ and إِسْرَائِينُ. (Akh, S, O.) مُسْرِفٌ [Exceeding, or transgressing, the just, or right, bound, or limit, or measure; acting extravagantly, &c.: see its verb (4)]. b2: See also سَرِفٌ. b3: [Also] Denying, or disacknowledging, the favours, or benefits, or the unity, and the prophets and law, of God; a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel: it is said to be used in this sense in the Kur xl. 36. (TA.) مَسْرُوفٌ Eaten by the سُرْفَة [q. v.]. (TA.) and شَجَرَةٌ مَسْرُوفَةٌ A tree of which the leaves have been eaten by the سُرْفَة; (S;) or smitten, or lighted on, by the سُرْفَة. (ISk, TA.) b2: شَاةٌ مَسْرُوفَةٌ (tropical:) A sheep, or goat, that has had its ear entirely cut off. (M, A.) سرفل and سرفن سَرَافِيلُ and إِسْرَافِيلُ and إِسْرَافِينُ: see the next preceding art. سرق.1 سَرَقَ مِنْهُ مَالًا, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) or الشَّىْءَ, (K,) and سَرَقَهُ مَالًا, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) thus also they sometimes said, (S, O,) the prep. being suppressed for the sake of alleviation, but meant to be understood, (Ham p. 155,) aor. ـِ inf. n. سَرَقٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and سَرِقٌ and سَرَقَةٌ (Mgh, K) and سَرِقَةٌ and سَرْقٌ, (K,) He stole from him property, [or the thing,] i. e. he took it [from him] secretly, and by artifice; (Mgh;) or he came clandestinely to a place of custody, and took what belonged to him, namely, another person; (O, K;) as also ↓ استرقهُ [followed by مِنْهُ]. (IAar, K.) And سَرَقَهُمْ [alone, He stole from them; or robbed them]. (JK and K in art. بوق.) It is said in a prov., سُرِقَ السَّارِقُ فَانْتَحَرَ (S, O) The thief was robbed, and in consequence slew himself: applied to him who has a thing not belonging to him taken from him, and whose impatience consequently becomes excessive. (Meyd, * O.) And ↓ سرّقهُ, inf. n. تَسْرِيقٌ signifies the same as سَرَقَهُ: El-Farezdak says, لَا تَحْسِبَنَّ دَرَاهِمًا سَرَّقْتَهَا تَمْحُو مَخَازِيكَ الَّتِى بِعُمَانِ [By no means reckon thou that dirhems which thou stolest will efface thy disgraceful practices that were committed in 'Omán]. (IB, TA.) And you say in selling a slave, بَرِئْتُ إِلَيْكَ مِنَ الإِبَاقِ وَالسَّرَقِ [I am irresponsible to thee for running away and stealing]. (TA.) b2: One says also, سَرَقَ السَّمْعَ, meaning استرقهُ . (Msb. See 3.) b3: And سُرِقَ صَوْتُهُ [lit. His voice was stolen], meaning (tropical:) he became hoarse. (Z, TA.) b4: And سرقت يا قوم [app. سُرِقْتُ يَا قَوْمِ, expl. as meaning سرقت عرضى, which I think a mistranscription for سُرِقْتُ عِرْضِى, i. e. (assumed tropical:) I have been robbed of my honour, or reputation, O my people]. (TA.) b5: And سَرَقْنَا لَيْلَةً مِنَ الشَّهْرِ (assumed tropical:) We passed pleasantly, or with enjoyment, a night of the month. (TA.) b6: And سَرَقَتْنِى عَيْنِى (tropical:) My eye overcame me. (TA.) A2: سَرِقَ, aor. ـَ (Yoo, IDrd, K,) inf. n. سَرَقٌ, (TK,) said of a thing, (Yoo, IDrd,) i. q. خَفِىَ [It was, or became, unperceived, or imperceptible, or hardly perceived or perceptible, &c.]. (Yoo, IDrd, K.) b2: And سَرِقَتْ مَفَاصِلُهُ, aor. as above, (IDrd, K,) and so the inf. n., (TA,) His joints became weak, or feeble; (IDrd, K;) as also ↓ انسرقت. (K.) 2 سرّقهُ: see 1. b2: Also, (S,) inf. n. تَسْرِيقٌ, (K,) He attributed to him [or accused him of] theft. (S.) It is said in the Kur [xii. 81], accord. to one reading, إِنَّ ابْنَكَ سُرِّقَ [Verily thy son has been accused of theft]. (S.) 3 هُوَ يُسَارِقُ النَّظَرَ إِلَيْهِ (tropical:) He avails himself of, (S, O,) or seeks, (K,) his inadvertence, to look at him: (S, O, K:) [he takes an opportunity of looking at him by stealth:] and in like manner one uses the phrases النَّظَرِ ↓ اِسْتَراقُ and ↓ تَسَرُّقُهُ [as meaning (tropical:) the taking an opportunity of looking by stealth]: and ↓ التَّسَرُّقُ [alone] signifies (assumed tropical:) the taking an opportunity of looking and of hearing: (TA:) [and the hearing discourse by stealth; as is indicated in the TA:] and السَّمْعَ ↓ استرق [and استرق alone, as appears from an explanation of the part. n. مُسْتَرِقٌ, below,] (tropical:) He listened, (S, O,) or heard, (Msb,) by stealth; (S, O, Msb;) as also السَّمْعَ ↓ سَرَقَ. (Msb.) 5 تسرّق He stole [by degrees, or] one thing and then another. (O, K.) So in the phrase تسرّق شِعْرِى [He stole my poetry, bit by bit], used by Ru-beh. (O, TA.) b2: See also 3, in two places.7 انسرق He went, drew, or shrank, back, in order to go away, عَنْهُمْ from them. (K, TA. [In this and the following sense, the verb is erroneously written in the CK اَسْرَقَ.]) b2: and He was, or became, languid, and weak, or feeble. (O, K, TA.) See also 1, last sentence.8 استرق: see 1, first sentence: b2: and see 3, in two places. [See also كَبِيسٌ.] b3: Also (tropical:) He deceived, or circumvented, secretly, [or by stealth,] like him who [so] listens. (TA.) b4: And you say, استرق الكَاتِبُ بَعْضَ المُحَاسَبَاتِ (tropical:) The writer suppressed some of the items of the reckoning. (TA.) Q. Q. 1 سَرْقَنَ الأَرْضَ He manured the land with سِرْقِين. (L in art. سرقن.) سَرَقٌ Oblong pieces (S, O, Msb, * K) of silk; (S, O, Msb;) accord. to A'Obeyd, (S, O,) of white silk: (S, O, K:) or silk in general: (K:) said by A'Obeyd to be arabicized from the Pers\.

سَرَهْ, meaning “ good: ” (S, O:) n. un. with ة; (S, O, Msb;) which is expl. as meaning a piece of good silk. (TA.) سَرِقٌ and ↓ سَرِقَةٌ [the former of which is said in the Mgh and K, and the latter in the K, to be an inf. n., are also said to be] substs. from سَرَقَ, [as such signifying Theft,] as also ↓ سَرْقَةٌ, (O, K,) or ↓ سِرْقَةٌ. (Msb.) سَرْقَةٌ: see what next precedes.

سِرْقَةٌ: see what next precedes.

سَرِقَةٌ: see سَرِقٌ. b2: Also, (Msb,) A thing stolen; (Mgh, Msb;) and so ↓ سُرَاقَةٌ; [pl. of the latter سُرَاقَاتٌ;] whence the saying عِنْدَهُ سُرَاقَاتُ الشِّعْرِ [He has stolen things of poetry or verse]. (TA.) سِرْقِينٌ, (K, and S and Msb in art. سرج,) sometimes written سَرْقِينٌ, (K,) as also سَرْجِين, (Msb, TA,) Dung of horses or other solid-hoofed animals, syn. رَوْثٌ, and زِبْلٌ, (Msb,) or fresh dung of camels, sheep and goats, wild oxen, and the like; (TA in art. ذأر;) a manure for land: (L:) arabicized from سركين [or سَرْگِينْ], (Msb, K,) a Pers\. word. (Msb.) [See سِرْجِينٌ, in art. سرج.]

سَرُوقٌ [Thievish; a great thief]; an epithet applied to a man, and to a dog: pl. سُرُقٌ. (TA.) سُرَاقَةٌ: see سَرِقَةٌ. b2: Also A stealer of poetry or verses. (TA.) سَرُوقَةٌ [Very thievish; a very great thief]: it has no pl. (TA.) سَارِقٌ [Stealing; a thief; or] one who comes clandestinely to a place of custody, and takes what does not belong to him: (O:) pl. سَرَقَةٌ and سُرَّاقٌ (TA) and سُرَّقٌ. (Mgh.) سُورَقٌ A certain disease in the members, or limbs. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) سَارِقَةٌ sing. of سَوَارِقُ, which signifies [Collars by means of which the two hands are confined together to the neck, called also] جَوَامِعُ, (O, K, TA,) of iron, attached to fetters or shackles. (TA.) b2: And the pl., سَوَارِقُ, signifies also The adjuncts (زَوَائِد) in the catches (فَرَاش [q. v.]) of a lock. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) مَسْرُوقُ الصَّوْتِ [lit. Having the voice stolen,] means (tropical:) hoarse in voice. (Z, TA.) And hence, مَسْرُوقُ البُغَامِ (tropical:) [A young gazelle] having a nasal sound, or twang, in its cry; as though its voice were stolen: a phrase used by El-Aashà. (TA.) مُسْتَرِقٌ (tropical:) Listening by stealth, (K, TA,) like the thief. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Defective, weak in make. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) b3: مُسْتَرِقُ القَوْلِ (tropical:) Weak in speech or saying. (A, TA.) b4: مُسْتَرِقُ العُنُقِ (tropical:) Short in the neck; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, TA;) applied to a man; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, TA;) contracted therein. (A, TA.) [In the CK, المُسْرِقُ is erroneously put for المُسْتَرِقُ.]

سوق

1 سَاقَ المَاشِيَةَ, (S, K,) or النَّعَمَ, (Mgh,) or الدَّابَّةَ, (Msb,) aor. ـُ (S, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. سَوْقٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and سِيَاقٌ, (S, [so in both of my copies, but it is said in the JK that this latter is used in relation to death, and such is generally the case,]) or سَيَاقٌ, like سَحَابٌ, (TA, [but this I have not found elsewhere, and I doubt its correctness,]) and سِيَاقَةٌ and مَسَاقٌ, (O, K, TA,) He drove the cattle [or the beast]; he urged the cattle [or the beast] to go; (Mgh;) and ↓ استاقها signifies the same, (S, K,) as also ↓ اساقها, and ↓ سوّقها; (TA;) or تَسْوِيقٌ, the inf. n. [or this last], signifies the driving well: (KL:) [and accord. to Freytag, ↓ استساق, followed by an accus., signifies the same as سَاقَ as expl. above; but for this he names no authority.] Hence, in the Kur [lxxv. 30], إِلَى رَبِّكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ المَسَاقُ (TA) i. e. To thy Lord, and his judgment, on that day, shall be the driving. (Bd, Jel.) And the saying, in a trad., لَاتَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَحْطَانَ يَسُوقُ النَّاسَ بِعَصًاهُ [properly rendered The resurrection, or the hour thereof, shall not come to pass until a man come forth from the tribe of Kahtán driving the people with his staff], allusive to his having the mastery over them, and their obeying him; the staff being mentioned only to indicate his tyrannical and rough treatment of them. (TA.) [And hence the saying, ساق عَلَىَّ فُلَانًا (assumed tropical:) He urged such a one to intercede for him with me.] b2: [Hence also,] سَاقَهُ القَدَرُ إِلَى مَا قُدِّرَ لَهُ (assumed tropical:) [Destiny drove him, or impelled him, to that which was destined for him]. (TA.) [And in like manner one says of desire, &c.] b3: And ساق إِلَى

المَرْأَةِ مَهْرَهَا, (K,) or صَدَاقَهَا, (S, Msb,) inf. n. سِيَاقٌ; (TA;) and ↓ اساقهُ; (Msb, K;) (tropical:) He sent to the woman her dowry; (K, TA;) or conveyed it, or caused it to be conveyed, to her; (Msb;) though consisting of dirhems or deenárs; because the dowry, with the Arabs, originally consisted of camels, which are driven. (TA.) And hence, مَاسُقْتَ إِلَيْهَا, meaning (assumed tropical:) What didst thou give her as her dowry? occurring in a trad.; or, as some related it, مَا سُقْتَ مِنْهَا, i. e. What didst thou give for her, or in exchange for her? (TA.) and ساق إِلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ (assumed tropical:) [He made, or caused, the thing to go, pass, or be conveyed or transmitted, to him; he sent to him the thing]. (M and K in art. اتى.) And ساق إِلَيْهِ خَيْرًا (tropical:) [He caused good, or good fortune, to betide him]. (TA.) and ساق لِأَرْضِهِ أَتِيًّا (assumed tropical:) [He made a rivulet, or a channel for water, to run to his land], (M in art. اتى.) b4: [Hence likewise,] سَاقَتِ الرِّيحُ السَّحَابَ (tropical:) [The wind drove along the clouds]. (S, * TA.) b5: [And ساق الحَدِيثَ, inf. n. سِيَاقٌ and سَوْقٌ and مَسَاقٌ, (tropical:) He carried on the narrative, or discourse.] You say, فُلَانٌ يَسُوقُ الحَدِيثَ أَحْسَنَ سِيَاقٍ (tropical:) [Such a one carries on the narrative, or discourse, in the best manner of doing so]. (Mgh, TA.) and إِلَيْكَ يُسَاقُ الحَدِيثُ (tropical:) [To thee as its object the narrative, or discourse, is carried on]. (TA.) And كَلَامٌ مَسَاقُهُ إِلَى كَذَا (tropical:) [Speech whereof the carrying-on is pointed to such a thing]. (TA.) And جِئْتُكَ بِالحَدِيثِ عَلَى سَوْقِهِ (tropical:) [I uttered to thee the narrative, or discourse, after the proper manner of the carrying-on thereof]. (TA.) [In like manner also one says,] ساق الأُمُورَ أَحْسَنَ مَسَاقٍ (assumed tropical:) [He carried on, or prosecuted, affairs, or the affairs, in the best manner of doing so]. (A in art. حوذ.) b6: سَوْقُ المَعْلُومِ مَسَاقَ غَيْرِهِ [from ساق الحَدِيثَ expl. above] means (assumed tropical:) The asking respecting that which one knows in the manner of one's asking respecting that which he knows not: a mode of speech implying hyperbole: as when one says, أَوَجْهُكَ هٰذَا أَمْ بَدْرٌ [Is this thy face or a full moon?]. (Kull p. 211.) b7: ساق said of a sick man, (K,) and ساق نَفْسَهُ, [app. thus originally,] (Ks, Msb, TA,) and ساق بِنَفْسِهِ, (TA,) aor. ـُ (Ks, S, O, Msb, TA,) inf. n. سِيَاقٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) originally سِوَاقٌ, (TA,) and سَوْقٌ (O, K) and سُؤُوقٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He cast forth, or vomited, his soul; (Ks, TA;) he gave up his spirit; or was at the point of death, in the agony of death, or at the point of having his soul drawn forth; (S, O, Msb, TA;) or he began to give up his spirit, or to have his soul drawn forth. (K.) You say, رَأَيْتُ فُلَانًا يَسُوقُ (tropical:) I saw such a one giving up his spirit at death. (S, O, TA.) And رَأَيْتُ فُلَانًا بِالسَّوْقِ [or فِى السِّيَاقِ, as in the Msb,] (tropical:) I saw such a one in the act [or agony] of death; and يُسَاقُ [having his soul expelled], inf. n. سَوْقٌ: and إِنَّ نَفْسَهُ لَتُسَاقُ (tropical:) [Verily his soul is being expelled]. (ISh, TA.) A2: سَاقَهُ, (K,) first Pers\. سُقْتُهُ, (S,) aor. as above, inf. n. سَوْقٌ, (TA,) also signifies He hit, or hurt, his (another man's, S) سَاق [or shank]. (S, K.) 2 سوّق, inf. n. تَسْوِيقٌ: see 1, first sentence. b2: سوّق فُلَانًا أَمْرَهُ (assumed tropical:) He made such a one to have the ruling, or ordering, of his affair, or case. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) b3: See also 5.

A2: Said of a plant, (TA,) or of a tree, (K,) more properly of the former, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) It had a سَاق [i. e. stem, stock, or trunk]. (K, TA.) 3 ساوقهُ He vied, or competed, with him, in driving: (K: [in the CK, for فى السَّوْقِ, is put فى السُّوْقِ:]) or he vied, or competed, with him to decide which of them twain was the stronger; from the phrase قَامَتِ الحَرْبُ عَلَى سَاقٍ. (S.) [Hence,] one says بَعِيرٌ يُسَاوِقُ الصَّيْدَ (tropical:) [A camel that vies with the animals of the chase in driving on, or in strength]. (JK, Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, TA.) b2: مُسَاوَقَةٌ is also syn. with مُتَابَعَةٌ [app. as meaning (assumed tropical:) The making to be consecutive, or successive, for it is added], as though driving on one another, or as though one portion were driving on another. (TA. [See 6, its quasi-pass.].) b3: [Freytag also assigns to ساوق the meaning of He, or it, followed (secutus fuit), as on the authority of the Hamáseh; but without pointing out the page; and it is not in his index of words explained therein.]4 أَسْوَقَ see 1, in two places. b2: أَسَقْتُهُ إِبِلًا I made him to drive camels: (K:) or I gave to him camels, to drive them: (S, TA:) or (tropical:) I made him to posses camels. (TA.) 5 تسوّق القَوْمُ The people, or party, [trafficked in the سُوق, or market; or] sold and bought: (S, TA:) the vulgar say ↓ سَوَّقُوا. (TA.) 6 تساوقت الإِبِلُ (tropical:) The camels followed one another; (Az, O, Msb, K, TA;) and in like manner one says تَقَاوَدَت; (O, K, * TA;) as though, by reason of their weakness and leanness, some of them held back from others. (TA.) and تساوقت الغَنَمُ (tropical:) The sheep, or goats, pressed, one upon another, (K,) or followed one another, (O,) in going along, (O, K,) as though driving on one another. (O.) [See also 7.] b2: The lawyers say, تساوقت الخِطْبَتَانِ, meaning (tropical:) [The two demandings of a woman in marriage] were simultaneous: but [Fei says] I have not found it in the books of lexicology in this sense. (Msb.) 7 انساقت المَاشِيَةُ The cattle went, or went along, being driven; [or as though driven; or drove along;] quasi-pass. of سَاقَهَا. (S, TA.) and انساقت الإِبِلُ [has the like signification: or means] (assumed tropical:) The camels became consecutive. (TA. [See also 6.]) 8 إِسْتَوَقَ see 1, first sentence.10 إِسْتَسْوَقَ see 1, first sentence.

سَاقٌ The shank; i. e. the part between the knee and the foot of a human being; (Msb;) or the part between the ankle and the knee (K, TA) of a human being; (TA;) the ساق of the human foot: (S, TA:) and [the part properly corresponding thereto, i. e. the thigh commonly so called, and also the arm, of a beast;] the part above the وَظِيف of the horse and mule and ass and camel, and the part above the كُرَاع of the ox-kind and sheep or goat and antelope: (TA:) [it is also sometimes applied to the shank commonly so called, of the hind leg, and, less properly, of the fore leg, of a beast: and to the bone of any of the parts above mentioned: and sometimes, by synecdoche, to the hind leg, and, less properly, to the fore leg also, of a beast: it generally corresponds to ذِرَاعٌ: of a bird, it is the thigh commonly so called: and sometimes the shank commonly so called: and, by synecdoche, the leg:] it is of the fem. gender: (Msb, TA:) and for this reason, (TA,) the dim. is ↓ سُوَيْقَةٌ: (Msb, TA:) the pl. [of mult.] is سُوقٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and سِيقَانٌ and [of pauc.] أَسْؤُقٌ, (S, O, K,) the و in this last being with ء in order that it may bear the dammeh. (O, K.) A poet says, لِلْفَتَى عَقْلٌ يَعِيشُ بِهِ حَيْثُ تَهْدِى سَاقَهُ قَدَمُهْ meaning The young man has intelligence whereby he lives when his foot directs aright his shank. (IAar, TA.) And one says of a man when difficulty, or calamity, befalls him, كَشَفَ عَنْ سَاقِهِ [lit. He uncovered his shank; meaning (assumed tropical:) he prepared himself for difficulty]: so says IAmb: and hence, he says, (TA, [in which a similar explanation is cited from ISd also,]) they mention the ساق when they mean to express the difficulty of a case or an event, and to tell of the terror occasioned thereby. (K, TA.) Thus, the saying يَوْمَ يُكْشَفُ عَنْ سَاقٍ, (S, K, TA,) in the Kur [lxviii. 42], (S, TA,) [lit. On a day when a shank shall be uncovered,] means (assumed tropical:) on a day when difficulty, or calamity, shall be disclosed. (I'Ab, Mujáhid, S, K, TA.) It is like the saying, قَامَتِ الحَرْبُ عَلَى سَاقٍ, (S, TA,) which means (assumed tropical:) The war, or battle, became vehement, (Msb in this art. and in art. حرب,) so that safety from destruction was difficult of attainment: (Id. in art. حرب:) and كَشَفَتِ الحَرْبُ عَنْ سَاقٍ, [as also شَمَّرَتْ عَنْ سَاقِهَا,] i. e. (assumed tropical:) The war, or battle, became vehement. (Jel in lxviii. 42.) And in like manner, وَالْتَفَّتِ السَّاقُ بِالسَّاقِ, (K, TA,) in the Kur [lxxv. 29], (TA,) means (assumed tropical:) And the affliction of the present state of existence shall be combined with that of the final state: (K, TA:) or it means when the [one] leg shall be inwrapped with the other leg by means of the grave-clothes. (TA.) One says also, قَامَ القَوْمُ عَلَى سَاقٍ (assumed tropical:) The people or party, became in a state of toil, and trouble, or distress. (TA.) And قَرَعَ لِلْأَمْرِ سَاقَهُ, [originating from one's striking the shin of his camel in order to make him lie down to be mounted; lit. He struck his shank for the affair;] meaning (assumed tropical:) he prepared himself for the thing, or affair; syn. تَشَمَّرَ: (JK:) or he was, or became, light, or active, and he rose, or hastened, to do the thing; or (assumed tropical:) he applied himself vigorously, or diligently, or with energy, to the thing, or affair; i. q. شَمَّرَ لَهُ [q. v.]; (TA;) or تَجَرَّدَ لَهُ. (A and TA in art. قرع [q. v.: see also ظُنْبُوبٌ, in several places].) [It is also said that] أَوْهَتْ بِسَاقٍ means كِدْتُ

أَفْعَلُ [i. e. I nearly, or almost, did what I purposed: but this explanation seems to have been derived only from what here, as in the TA, immediately follows]: Kurt says, describing the wolf, وَلٰكِنِّى رَمَيْتُكَ مِنْ بَعِيدٍ

فَلَمْ أَفْعَلْ وَقَدْ أَوْهَتْ بِسَاقِ [i. e., app., But I shot at thee from afar, and I did not what I purposed, though it (the shot, الرَّمْيَةُ, I suppose, being meant to be understood,) maimed a shank: which virtually means, though I nearly did what I purposed: the poet, I assume, says اوهت بساق for the sake of the measure and rhyme, for أَوْهَتْ سَاقًا: see what is said, in the explanations of the preposition بِ, respecting the phrase وَامْسَحُوا بِرُؤُسِكُمْ]. (TA.) b2: By a secondary application, سَاقٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) [A greave; i. e.] a thing that is worn on the ساق [or shank] of the leg, made of iron or other material. (Mgh.) b3: Also (tropical:) [The stem, stock, or trunk, i. e.] the part between the أَصْل [here meaning root, or foot, (though it is also syn. with ساق in the sense in which the latter is here explained,)] and the place where the branches shoot out; (TA;) or the support; (Msb;) or the جِذْع; (S, K;) of a tree, or shrub: (S, Msb, K, TA:) pl. [of mult.]

سُوقٌ (Msb, TA) and سُوقٌ and سُوُوقٌ and سُؤُوقٌ and [of pauc.] أَسْوُقٌ and أَسْؤُقٌ. (TA.) It is related in a trad. of Mo'áwiyeh, that a man said, I applied to him to decide in a litigation with the son of my brother, and began to overcome him therein; whereupon he said, Thou art like as Aboo-Duwád says, أَنَّى أُتِيحَ لَهُ حِرْبَآءُ تَنْضُبَةٍ

لَا يُرْسِلُ السَّاقَ إِلَّا مُمْسِكًا سَاقَا [Whencesoever, or however, a preparation is made for him, to catch him, he is like a chameleon of a tree of the kind called تَنْضُب, he will not loose the stem thereof unless grasping a stem]: he meant that no plea of his came to nought but he clung to another; likening him to the chameleon, which places itself facing the sun, and ascends half-way up the tree, or shrub, then climbs to the branches when the sun becomes hot, then climbs to a higher branch, and will not loose the former until it grasps the other. (O, TA. *) b4: [Hence, perhaps, as it seems to be indicated in the O,] one says, وَلَدَتْ فُلَانَةُ ثَلَاثَةَ بَنِينَ عَلَى سَاقٍ, (K, [in the copies of which, however, I find ثَلَاثَ put for ثَلَاثَةَ,]) or عَلَى سَاقٍ وَاحِدٍ, (S,) or وَاحِدَةٍ, (O,) i. e. (tropical:) Such a woman brought forth three sons, one after another, without any girl between them: (S, O, K, TA:) so says ISk: and وُلِدَ لِفُلَانٍ ثَلَاثَةُ

أَوْلَادٍ سَاقًا عَلَى سَاقٍ, i. e. (tropical:) Three children were born to such a one, one after another. (TA.) and بَنَى القَوْمُ بُيُوتَهُمْ عَلَى سَاقٍ وَاحِدٍ (assumed tropical:) [The people, or party, built their houses, or constructed their tents, in one row or series]. (TA.) b5: سَاقٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The soul, or self; syn. نَفْسٌ: hence the saying of 'Alee (in the war of the [schismatics called] شُرَاة), لَابُدَّ لِى مِنْ قِتَالِهِمْ وَلَوْ تَلِفَتْ سَاقِى (assumed tropical:) [There is not for me any way of avoiding combating them, though my soul, or self, should perish by my doing so]. (Abu-l-' Abbás, O, TA.) So too in the saying, قَدَحَ فِى سَاقِهِ [as though meaning (tropical:) He cankered his very soul]: (IAar, TA in art. قدح:) [or] he deceived him, and did that which was displeasing to him: (L in that art.:) or (tropical:) he impugned his honour, or reputation; from the action of canker-worms (قَوَادِح) cankering the stem, or trunk, of a shrub, or tree. (A in that art.) A2: سَاقُ حُرٍّ [is said to signify] The male of the قَمَارِىّ [or species of collared turtle-doves of which the female is called قُمْرِيَّةٌ (see قُمْرِىٌّ)]; (S, Msb, K;) i. e. the وَرَشَان: (S, Msb:) the former appellation being given to it as imitative of its cry: (As, K:) it has neither fem. nor pl.: (AHát, TA:) or السَّاقُ is the pigeon; and الحُرُّ, its young one: (Sh, K:) the poet Ibn-Harmeh uses the phrase كَسَاقِ ابْنِ حُرٍّ. (O, TA.) [See more in art. حر.]

سَوْقٌ: see سِيَاقٌ.

سُوقٌ [A market, mart, or fair;] a place in which commerce is carried on; (ISd, Msb, TA;) a place of articles of merchandise: (Mgh, TA:) so called because people drive their commodities thither: (TA:) [in the S unexplained, and in the K only said to be well-known:] of the fem. gender, and masc., (S, Mgh, Msb, K, *) the former in the dial. of the people of El-Hijáz, and the latter in that of Temeem, (S and Msb voce زُقَاقٌ, q. v.,) the former the more chaste, or the making it masc. is a mistake: (Msb:) pl. أَسْوَاقٌ: (TA:) the dim. is ↓ سُوَيْقَةٌ [with ة, confirming the opinion of those who hold سُوقٌ to be only fem.]: also signifying merchandise, syn. تِجَارَةٌ; as in the phrase, جَاءَتْ سُوَيْقَةٌ [Merchandise came]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] سُوقُ الحَرْبِ (tropical:) The thickest, or most vehement part (حَوْمَة) of the fight; (S, K, TA;) and so الحَرْبِ ↓ سُوقَةُ; i. e. the midst thereof. (TA.) سَوَقٌ Length of the shanks: (S, K:) or beauty thereof: (K:) or it signifies also beauty of the shank. (S.) سَاقَةٌ (tropical:) The rear, or hinder part, of an army: (S, Mgh, K, TA:) pl. of ↓ سَائِقٌ; being those who drive on the army from behind them, and who guard them: (TA:) or as though pl. of سَائِقٌ, like as قَادَةٌ is of قَائِدٌ. (Mgh.) And hence, سَاقَةُ الحَاجِّ (tropical:) [The rear of the company of pilgrims]. (TA.) سُوقَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A subject, and the subjects, of a king; (K, TA;) so called because driven by him; (TA;) contr. of مَلِكٌ; (S, Mgh, Msb;) whether practising traffic or not: (Mgh:) not meaning of the people of the أَسْوَاق [or markets], as the vulgar think; (Msb;) for such are called سُوقِيُّونَ, sing.

سُوقِىٌّ: (Ham p. 534:) it is used alike as sing. and pl. (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and dual (Mgh, Msb) and masc. and fem.: (S, K:) but sometimes it has سُوَقٌ for its pl. (S, K.) A2: سُوقَةُ الطُّرْثُوثِ [in the CK, erroneously, التُّرْثُوثِ] The part of the [plant called] طرثوث that is below the نِكْعَة [or نَكَعَة or نُكَعَة, which is the head from the top to the extent of a finger, or the flower at the head thereof]; (O, K;) sweet and pleasant: so says Ibn-' Abbád: (O:) AHn says [of the طرثوث], it is like the penis of the ass, and there is no part of it more pleasant, nor sweeter, than its سوقة; which is in some instances long; and in some, short. (TA.) A3: See also سُوقٌ, last sentence.

سُوقِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, the سُوق, or market]. Its pl., سُوقِيُّونَ, means The people of the سُوق (Ham p. 534.) b2: [Hence,] أَدِيمٌ سُوقِىٌّ A skin, or hide, prepared, or dressed; in a good state: or not prepared or dressed: it is ascribed to the vulgar: and there is a difference of opinion respecting it: the second [explanation, or meaning,] is that which is commonly known. (TA.) سَوِيقٌ Meal of parched barley (شَعِير), or of [the species thereof, or similar grain, called] سُلْت, likewise parched; and it is also of wheat; but is mostly made of barley (شعير); (MF, TA;) what is made of wheat or of barley; (Msb, TA;) well known: (S, Msb, K, TA:) [it is generally made into a kind of gruel, or thick ptisan, being moistened with water, or clarified butter, or fat of a sheep's tail, &c.; (see لَتَّ;) and is therefore said (in the Msb in art. حسو and in the KT voce أَكْلٌ, &c.,) to be supped, or sipped, not eaten: but it is likewise thus called when dry; and in this state is taken in the palm of the hand and conveyed to the mouth, or licked up: (see حَافّق, and قَمِحَ:) it is also made of other grains beside those mentioned above; and of several mealy fruits; of the fruit of the Theban palm; (see حَتِىٌّ;) and of the carob; (see خَرُّوبٌ;) &c.:] it is also, sometimes, with ص: so says IDrd in the JM: and he adds, I think it to be of the dial. of Benoo-Temeem: it is peculiar to that of Benul-' Ambar: (O, TA:) the n. un. [meaning a portion, or mess, thereof] is with ة: (AAF, TA in art. جش:) and the pl. is أَسْوِقَةٌ. (TA.) b2: and Wine: (AA, K:) also called سَوِيقُ الكَرْمِ. (AA, TA.) سِيَاقٌ [an inf. n. of 1 (q. v.) in several senses. b2: As a subst., properly so termed,] (tropical:) A dowry, or nuptial gift; (K, TA;) as also ↓ سَوْقٌ [which is likewise originally an inf. n.: see 1]. (TA.) b3: [Also, as a subst. properly so termed, (assumed tropical:) The following part of a discourse &c.; opposed to سِبَاقٌ: you say سِبَاقُ الكَلَامِ وَسِيَاقُهُ (assumed tropical:) the preceding and following parts of the discourse; the context, before and after: see, again 1. And (assumed tropical:) The drift, thread, tenour, or scope, of a discourse &c.]

سُوَيْقَةٌ dim. of سَاقٌ, q. v.: (Msb, TA:) A2: and of سُوقٌ, also, q. v. (TA.) سَوَّاقٌ: see سَائِقٌ.

A2: Also A seller, and a maker, of سَوِيق. (Mgh.) سُوَّاقٌ Long in the سَاق [or shank]. (AA, K. [See also أَسْوَقُ.]) b2: And (assumed tropical:) Having a سَاق [or stem]; applied to a plant. (Ibn-Abbád, K.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) The طَلْع [or spadix] of a palm-tree, when it has come forth, and become a span in length. (K.) سَائِقٌ [Driving, or a driver;] the agent of the verb in the phrase سَاقَ المَاشِيَةَ: as also ↓ سَوَّاقٌ (S, K) in an intensive sense [as meaning Driving much or vehemently, or a vehement driver]: (S, TA:) pl. of the former سَاقَةٌ, q. v. (TA.) مَعَهَا سَائِقٌ وَشَهِيدٌ, in the Kur [l. 20], is said to mean Having with it a driver to the place of congregation [for judgment] and a witness to testify against it of its works: (TA:) i. e. an angel driving it, and another angel testifying of its works: or an angel performing both of these offices: or a writer of evil deeds and a writer of good deeds: or its own person, or its consociate [devil], and its members, or its works. (Bd.) سَيِّقٌ, [originally سَيوِْقٌ,] (assumed tropical:) Clouds (سَحَابٌ, Az, As, S, K) driven by the wind, (Az, As, S,) containing no water, (Az, S, K,) or whether containing water or not. (As.) سَيِّقَةٌ, [a subst. formed from the epithet سَيِّقٌ by the affix ة,] originally سَيْوِقَةٌ, (TA,) Beasts (دَوَابّ) driven by the enemy; (S, K;) like وَسِيقَةٌ: so in a verse cited voce جَبَأَ: (S:) or a number of camels, of a tribe, driven away together, or attacked by a troop of horsemen and driven away. (Z, TA.) b2: [Hence,] one says, المَرْءُ سَيِّقَةُ القَدَرِ (assumed tropical:) [Man, or the man, is the impelled of destiny]; i. e. destiny drives him to that which is destined for him, and will not pass him by. (TA.) b3: سَيِّقَةٌ signifies also An animal by means of which [in the O بِهَا for which فِيهَا is erroneously put in the K,] the sportsman conceals himself, and then shoots, or casts, at the wild animals: (O, K:) like قَيِّدَةٌ: (A in art. قود:) said by Th to be a she-camel [used for that purpose]: (TA:) [so called because driven towards the objects of the chase: see دَرِيْئَةٌ:] pl. سَيَائِقُ. (K.) [See also مِسْوَقٌ.]

أَسْوَقُ A man (S, * TA) long in the shanks: (S, K: [see also سُوَّاقٌ:]) or thick in the shanks: (IDrd, TA:) or it signifies, (K,) or signifies also, (S,) beautiful in the shank or shanks, (S, K,) applied to a man: and so سَوْقَآءُ applied to a woman: (S:) Lth explains the latter as meaning a woman having plump shanks, with hair. (TA.) إِسَاقَةٌ (Lth, O, K, in the CK اَسَاقة,) The strap of the horse's strirrup. (Lth, O, K.) بَعِيرٌ مِسْوَقٌ, (JK, O, and TA as from the Tekmileh,) or مُسْوِقٌ, like مُحْسِنٌ, (K, [but this I think to be a mistake,]) means الَّذِى يُسَاوقُ الصَّيْدَ [i. e. (tropical:) A camel that vies with the animals of the chase in driving on, or in strength]; (JK, O, K;) so says Ibn-' Abbád: (O:) accord. to the L, a camel by means of which one conceals himself from the animals of the chase, to circumvent them. (TA. [See also سَيِّقَةٌ, last signification.]) مِسْوَقَةٌ A staff, or stick, with which cattle are driven: pl. مَسَاوِقُ: perhaps post-classical.]

مُنْسَاقٌ i. q. تَابِعٌ [app. as meaning (assumed tropical:) A follower, or servant; as though driven]. (Ibn-' Abbád, O, K.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) A relation; syn. قَرِيبٌ. (Ibn-' Abbád, O, K.) b3: And عَلَمٌ مُنْسَاقٌ (assumed tropical:) A mountain extending along the surface of the earth. (Ibn-' Abbád, O, K *)

شكل

1 شَكَلَ, as an intrans. verb: see 4, in three places. b2: And see 5.

A2: شَكَلَ الفَرَسَ بِالشِّكَالِ, (S,) or شَكَلَ الدَّابَّةَ, (Msb, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَكْلٌ, (Msb,) He bound [the horse or] the beast, with the شِكَال; (Msb;) [i. e.] he bound the legs of [the horse or] the beast with the rope called شِكَال; as also ↓ شَكَّلَهَا, (K,) inf. n. تَشْكِيلٌ. (TA.) and شَكَلْتُ الطَّائِرَ [app. I bound the legs of the bird in like manner]. (S.) And شَكَلْتُ عَنِ البَعِيرِ I bound the camel's شِكَال between the fore girth and the hind girth; (S;) [i. e.] I put [or extended], between the hind girth and the fore girth of the camel, a cord, or string, called شِكَال, and then bound it, in order that the hind girth might not become [too] near to the sheath of the penis. (TA in art. حقب.) b2: And [hence, i. e.] from the شِكَال of the beast, (TA,) شَكَلَ الكِتَابَ, (AHát, S, Msb, K, TA,) inf. n. as above, (Msb, TA,) (tropical:) He restricted [the meaning or pronunciation of] the writing, (قَيَّدَهُ, AHát, S, TA,) or he marked the writing, (أَعْلَمَهُ, Msb,) with the signs of the desinential syntax (AHát, * S, * Msb, TA *) [and the other syllabical signs and the diacritical points]: or i. q. أَعْجَمَهُ: (K:) but AHát says that شَكَلَ الكِتَابَ has the former meaning; and أَعْجَمَهُ signifies he dotted, or pointed, it [with the diacritical points]: (TA:) and الكِتَابَ ↓ اشكل signifies the same as شَكَلَهُ; (S, Msb, K, TA;) as though [meaning] he removed from it dubiousness and confusion; (S, K, * TA;) so that the أ in this case is to denote privation: (TA:) this [J says (TA)] I have transcribed from a book, without having heard it. (S.) b3: And شَكَلَتْ شَعْرَهَا, (O, TA,) aor. ـُ thus correctly, as pointed by IKtt; accord. to the K ↓ شكّلت; (TA;) (assumed tropical:) She (a woman) plaited two locks of her hair, of the fore part of her head, on the right and left, (O, K, TA,) and then bound with them her other ذَوَائِب [or pendent locks or plaits]. (TA.) b4: And شكل [thus in the TA, so that it may be either شَكَلَ or ↓ شكّل,] (assumed tropical:) He (the lion) compressed the lioness: on the authority of IKtt. (TA.) A3: شَكِلَتْ, aor. ـَ (K, TA,) inf. n. شَكَلٌ, (TA,) She (a woman) used amorous gesture or behaviour; or such gesture, or behaviour, with coquettish boldness, and feigned coyness or opposition; displayed what is termed شِكْل, i. e. غُنْج and دَلّ and غَزَل; (K, TA;) and ↓ تشكّلت [signifies the same], i. e. تَدَلَّلَتْ [and in like manner تشكّل is said of a man]. (TA.) b2: See also شَكَلٌ below, in two places. b3: and شَكِلْتُ إِلَى كَذَا, with kesr [to the ك], i. q. رَكَنْتُ [i. e. I inclined to such a thing; or trusted to, or relied upon, it, so as to be, or become, easy, or quiet, in mind]. (O.) 2 شكّل, as an intrans. verb: see 4: b2: and see also 5.

A2: شكّلهُ, inf. n. تَشْكِيلٌ, He formed, fashioned, figured, shaped, sculptured, or pictured, it; syn. صَوَّرَهُ; (K, TA;) namely, a thing. (TA.) b2: See also 1, in three places.3 مُشَاكَلَةٌ signifies The being conformable, suitable, agreeable, similar, homogeneous, or congenial; syn. مُوَافَقَةٌ; (S, K;) as also ↓ تَشَاكُلٌ: (IDrd, S, K:) Er-Rághib [strangely] says that المُشَاكَلَةُ is from الشَّكْلُ signifying “ the binding,” or “ shackling,” a beast [with the شِكَال]. (TA.) You say, هُوَ يُشَاكِلُهُ [He, or it, is conformable, &c., with him, or it; or resembles him, or it]. (Msb.) And هٰذَا الأَمْرُ لَا يُشَاكِلُكَ i. e. لَا يُوَافِقُكَ [This affair will not be suitable to thee]. (TA.) And ↓ تَشَاكَلَا They resembled each other. (MA.) 4 اشكل [primarily] signifies صَارَ ذَا شَكْلٍ

[meaning It, or he, was, or became, such as had a likeness or resemblance, or a like, or match, &c.]. (TA.) b2: [And hence, app.,] said of a thing, or case, or an affair; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ شَكَلَ, (O, K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, شَكِلَ, evidently not meant by the author of the K, as it is his rule, after mentioning a verb of this form, to add كَفَرِحَ or the like,]) inf. n. شَكْلٌ; (TA;) and ↓ شكّل, (K,) inf. n. تَشْكِيلٌ; (TA;) (assumed tropical:) It was, or became, dubious, or confused; syn. اِلْتَبَسَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and اِخْتَلَطَ, (O, TA,) or اِشْتَبَهَ: (Mgh:) [and ↓ اشتكل is mentioned in this sense by Golius as on the authority of J (whom I do not find to have mentioned it either in this art. or elsewhere), and by Freytag as on the authority of Abu-l-'Alà: accord. to Sh, اشكل in this sense is from شُكْلَةٌ signifying “ redness mixed with whiteness: ” (see مُشْكِلٌ:) but] accord. to Er-Rághib, إِشْكَالٌ in a thing, or case, or an affair, is metaphorical, [and] like اِشْتِبَاهٌ from الشِبْهُ. (TA.) One says, اشكل الأَمْرُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ (assumed tropical:) [The thing, or case, or affair, was, or became, dubious, or confused, to the man]; and ↓ شَكَلَ means the same. (Zj, O.) And أَشْكَلَتْ عَلَىَّ الأَخْبَارُ (assumed tropical:) [The tidings were dubious, or confused, to me], and أَحْكَلَتْ; both meaning the same. (TA.) and one says also, عَلَيْهِ إِشْكَالٌ and عليه إِشْكَالَاتٌ [meaning There is doubt, or uncertainty, and there are doubts, or uncertainties, respecting it: thus using the inf. n. as a simple subst., and therefore pluralizing it]. (Mz, 3rd نوع; &c.) b3: It is also said of a disease; [app. as meaning (assumed tropical:) It became nearly cured; because still in a somewhat doubtful state;] like as you say تَمَاثَلَ; and so ↓ شَكَلَ. (TA.) b4: اشكل النَّخْلُ The palm-trees became in that state in which their dates were sweet (Ks, S, A, O, K) and ripe, (Ks, S, O, Msb,) or nearly ripe; (A, TA;) and ↓ تشكّل signifies the same. (O.) b5: And اشكلت العَيْنُ The eye had in it what is termed شُكْلَةٌ [q. v.: see also شَكَلٌ]. (K.) A2: اشكل الكِتَابَ: see 1.5 تشكّل It (a thing, TA) was, or became, formed, fashioned, figured, shaped, sculptured, or pictured; syn. تَصَوَّرَ. (K, TA.) b2: And He became goodly in shape, form, or aspect. (TK in art. طرز.) b3: تشكّل العِنَبُ, (S, K,) and ↓ شَكَلَ, and ↓ شكّل, (K,) The grapes became in that state in which some of them were ripe: (S, K:) or became black, and beginning to be ripe: (K:) thus in the M. (TA.) b4: See also 4, near the end. b5: and see 1, also near the end.6 تَشَاْكَلَ see 3, in two places.8 إِشْتَكَلَ see 4.10 استشكلهُ is often used by the learned in the present day as meaning He deemed it (i. e. a word or phrase or sentence) dubious, or confused.]

شَكْلٌ i. q. شَبَةٌ [as meaning A likeness, resemblance, or semblance; a well-known signification of the latter word, but one which I do not find unequivocally assigned to it in its proper art. in any of the lexicons]. (AA, K, TA. [In the CK, and in my MS. copy of the K, in the place of الشَّبَهُ as the first explanation of الشَّكْلُ in the K accord. to the TA, we find الشِّبْهُ; but that the explanation which I have given is correct, is shown by what here follows.]) One says, فِى فُلَانٍ شَكْلٌ مِنْ أَبِيهِ, meaning شَبَهٌ [i. e. In such a one is a likeness, or resemblance, of his father]: (AA, TA:) and مِنْ أَبِيهِ ↓ فِيهِ أَشْكَلَةٌ and ↓ شُكْلَةٌ (AA, O, K, TA) and ↓ شَاكِلٌ, (O, K, TA,) [likewise] meaning شَبَهٌ, (AA, O, K, TA,) and مُشَابَهَةٌ: (TK:) and ↓ شَاكِلَةٌ also is syn. with شَكْلٌ [in the sense of شَبَهٌ]; (K, TA;) [for] one says, هٰذَا عَلَى شَاكِلَةِ

أَبِيهِ as meaning شَبَهِهِ [i. e. This is accordant to the likeness of his father]. (TA.) b2: And I. q.

مِثَالٌ: you say, هٰذَا عَلَى شَكْلِ هٰذَا, meaning على مِثَالِهِ [i. e. This is according to the model, or pattern, or the mode, or manner, of this]. (TA.) b3: And The shape, form, or figure, (صُورَة,) of a thing; such as is perceived by the senses; and such as is imagined: (K:) the form (هَيْئَة), of a body, caused by the entire contents' being included by one boundary, as in the case of a sphere; or by several boundaries, as in those bodies that have several angles or sides, such as have four and such as have six [&c.]: so says Ibn-El-Kemál: (TA:) pl. [of pauc., in this and in other senses,] أَشْكَالٌ and [of mult.] شُكُولٌ. (K.) b4: [It often means A kind, sort, or variety, of animals, plants, food, &c.] b5: [And The likeness, or the way or manner, of the actions of a person:] it is said in a trad. respecting the description of the Prophet, سَأَلْتُ

أَبِى عَنْ شَكْلِهِ, meaning [I asked my father respecting the likeness of his actions, or] respecting what was like his actions; accord. to IAmb: or, accord. to Az, respecting his particular way, course, mode, or manner, of acting, or conduct: (O:) and ↓ شَاكِلَةٌ [likewise, and more commonly,] signifies a particular way, course, mode, or manner, of acting, or conduct; (S, O, K, TA;) as in the saying, كُلٌّ يَعْمَلُ عَلَى شَاكِلَتِهِ, (S, O, TA,) in the Kur [xvii. 86], (O, TA,) i. e. Every one does according to his particular way, &c., (Ibn-'Arafeh, S, O, Bd, Jel, TA,) that is suitable to his state in respect of right direction and of error, or to the essential nature of his soul, and to his circumstances that are consequent to the constitution, or temperament, of his body: (Bd:) and according to his nature, or natural disposition, (Ibn-'Arafeh, Er-Rághib, O, TA,) by which he is restricted [as with a شِكَال]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and his direction towards which he would go: (Akh, S, O, K, * TA:) and his side [that he takes]: (Katádeh, O, K, * TA:) and his aim, intention, or purpose: (Katádeh, O, K, TA:) and شَكْلٌ [likewise] signifies aim, intention, or purpose; syn. قَصْدٌ. (TA.) b6: Also A thing that is suitable to one; or fit, or proper, for one: you say, هٰذَا مِنْ هَوَاىَ وَمِنْ شَكْلِى [This is of what is loved by me and of what is suitable to me]: (K, TA:) and لَيْسَ شَكْلُهُ مِنْ شَكْلِى [What is suitable to him is not of what is suitable to me]. (TA.) [And hence, app.,] one says, مَاشَكْلِى وَشَكْلُهُ, meaning What is my case and [what is] his, or its, case? because of his, or its, remoteness from me. (T and TA voce أُمٌّ.) b7: And sing. of أَشْكَالٌ (L, K, TA) signifying Discordant affairs and objects of want, concerning things on account of which one imposes upon himself difficulty and for which one is anxious: (Lth, TA:) and dubious, or confused, affairs: (TA:) or discordant, and dubious, or confused, affairs. (K. [In the CK, المُشَكَّلَة is erroneously put for المُشْكِلَة.]) A2: Also A like; syn. مِثْلٌ; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) and so ↓ شِكْلٌ: (O, K:) or, as some say, the like of another in nature or constitution: (Msb: [and accord. to Er-Rághib, it seems that the attribute properly denoted by it is congruity between two persons in respect of the way or manner of acting or conduct: but in the passage in which this is expressed in the TA, I find erasures and alterations which render it doubtful:]) pl. أَشْكَالٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K *) and شُكُولٌ [as above]. (S, O, Msb, K. *) One says, هٰذَا شَكْلُ هٰذَا This is the like of this. (Msb.) And فُلَانٌ شَكْلُ فُلَانٍ Such a one is the like of such a one in his several states or conditions [&c.]. (TA.) In the saying in the Kur [xxxviii. 58], وَآخَرُ مِنْ شَكْلِهِ, (O, TA,) meaning And other punishment of the like thereof, (Zj, TA,) Mujáhid read ↓ من شِكْلِهِ. (O, TA.) A3: Also sing. of أَشْكَالٌ signifying, (O, K,) accord. to IAar, (O,) Certain ornaments (O, K) consisting of pearls or of silver, (K,) resembling one another, worn as ear-drops by women: (O, K:) or, as some say, the sing. signifies a certain thing which girls, or young women, used to append to their hair, of pearls or of silver. (O.) A4: And A species of plant, (IAar, O, K,) diversified in colour, (K,) yellow and red. (IAar, O, K.) A5: [And The various syllabical signs, or vowel-points

&c., by which the pronunciation of words is indicated and restricted: originally an inf. n., and therefore thus used in a pl. sense.]

A6: See also the next paragraph.

شِكْلٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, latter part, in two places.

A2: Also, as an attribute of a woman, Amorous gesture or behaviour; or such gesture, or behaviour, combined with coquettish boldness, and feigned coyness or opposition; syn. دَلٌّ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and غُنْجٌ, and غَزَلٌ; (K; [in the CK, غَزْل, which is a mistranscription;]) or her غُنْج, and comely or pleasing دَلّ, whereby a woman renders herself comely or pleasing; (TA;) and ↓ شَكْلٌ signifies the same. (K.) One says اِمْرَأَةٌ ذَاتُ شِكْلٍ [A woman having amorous gesture or behaviour; &c.]. (S, O, Msb.) شَكَلٌ, in a sheep or goat, The quality of being white in the شَاكِلَة. (S, O. [See أَشْكَلُ.]) [In this sense, accord. to the TK, an inf. n., of which the verb is ↓ شَكِلَ, said of a ram &c.]. b2: and in an eye, The quality of having what is termed شُكْلَة [q. v.]. (S, O.) [Accord. to the TK, in this sense also an inf. n., of which the verb is ↓ شَكِلَ, said of a thing, as meaning It had a redness in its whiteness.]

شُكْلَةٌ: see شَكْلٌ, first signification. b2: One says also, فِيهِ شُكْلَةٌ مِنْ سُمْرَةٍ [In him, or it, is an admixture of a tawny, or brownish, colour], and شُكْلَةٌ مِنْ سَوَادٍ [an admixture of blackness]: (TA:) [or] شُكْلَةٌ signifies redness mixed with whiteness: (Sh, Msb, TA:) in camels, (K, TA,) and in sheep or goats, (TA,) blackness mixed with redness, (K, TA,) or with dust-colour: in the hyena, accord. to IAar, a colour in which are blackness and an ugly yellowness: (TA:) in the eye, a redness in the white: (Mgh:) or, in the eye, i. q. شُهْلَةٌ [q. v.]: (K:) or, accord. to AO, (TA,) the like of a redness in the white of the eye; (S, O, TA;) and such was in the eyes of the Prophet; (O;) but if in the black of the eye, it is termed شُهْلَةٌ: (S, O, TA:) and the like is in the eyes of the [hawks, or falcons, termed] صُقُور and بُزَاة: accord. to some, it is yellowness mixing with the white of the eye, around the black, as in the eye of the hawk (الصَّقْر); but he [i. e. AO] says, I have not heard it used except in relation to redness, not in relation to yellowness. (TA.) فِيهِ شُكْلَةٌ مِنْ دَمٍ means In him, or it, is a little [or a small admixture] of blood. (TA.) شَكِلَةٌ A woman using, or displaying, what is termed شِكْل, i. e. غُنْج and دَلّ and غَزَل [meaning amorous gesture or behaviour, &c.], (K, TA,) in a comely, or pleasing, manner. (TA.) شَكْلَآءُ fem. of أَشْكَلُ [q. v.]. (S, O.) A2: Also A want; syn. حَاجَةٌ; and so ↓ أَشْكَلَةٌ, (S, O, K, [both of these words twice mentioned in this sense in the K,]) and ↓ شَوْكَلَآءُ; this last and the second on the authority of IAar; (O;) accord. to Er-Rághib, such as binds, or shackles, (تُقَيِّد,) a man [as though with a شِكَال]. (TA.) One says, ↓ لَنَا قِبَلَكَ أَشْكَلَةٌ [&c.] i. e. حَاجَةٌ [We have a want to be supplied to us on thy part; meaning we want a thing of thee]. (S, O.) A3: Also i. q. مُدَاهَنَةٌ. (So in the O and TA. [But whether by this explanation be meant the inf. n., or the fem. pass. part. n., of دَاهَنَ, is not indicated. Words of the measure فَعْلَآءُ having the meaning of an inf. n., like بَغْضَآءُ, are rare.]) شِكَالٌ, of which the pl. is شُكُلٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) the latter also pronounced شُكْلٌ, (TA,) i. q. عِقَالٌ [A cord, or rope, with which a camel's fore shank and arm are bound together]: (S, O:) [or, accord. to the TA, by عقال is here meant what next follows:] a rope with which the legs of a beast (دَابَّة) are bound: (K:) a bond that is attached upon the fore and hind foot [or feet] of a horse [or the like] and of a camel: (KL:) [hobbles for a horse or the like, having a rope extending from the shackles of the fore feet to those of the hind feet: so accord. to present usage; and so accord. to the TK, in Turkish كوستك: Fei says only,] the شِكَال of the beast (دابّة) is well known; and the pl. is as above. (Msb.) In relation to the [camel's saddle called]

رَحْل, (K, TA,) accord. to As, (S, O, TA,) A string, or cord, that is put [or extended and tied] between the تَصْدِير [or fore girth] and the حَقَب [or hind girth], (S, O, K, TA,) in order that the latter may not become [too] near to the sheath of the penis; also called the زِوَار, on the authority of AA: (S, O, TA:) and [in relation to the saddle called قَتَب,] a bond [in like manner extended and tied, for the same purpose,] between the حَقَب [or hind girth] and the بِطَان [by which is meant the fore girth, answering to the تَصْدِير of the رَحْل]: and a bond [probably meaning the rope men-tioned in the explanation given from the K in the preceding sentence] between the fore leg and the hind leg. (K, TA.) b2: Also, in a horse, (tropical:) The quality of having three legs distinguished by [the whiteness of the lower parts which is termed]

تَحْجِيل, and one leg free therefrom; (S, O, K, TA;) [this whiteness] being likened to the عِقَال termed شِكَال: (S, O:) or having three legs free from تَحْجِيل, and one hind leg distinguished thereby: (S, O, K, * TA: *) accord. to A'Obeyd, it is only in the hind leg; not in the fore leg: (S, O:) or, accord. to AO, (TA,) having the whiteness of the تَحْجِيل in one hind leg and fore leg, on the opposite sides, (Mgh, * TA,) whether the whiteness be little or much: (TA:) [when this is the case, the horse is said to be ذُو شِكَالٍ مِنْ خِلَافٍ: see 3 (last sentence) in art. خلف:] the Prophet disliked what is thus termed in horses. (O.) شَكِيلٌ (tropical:) Foam mixed with blood, appearing upon the bit-mouth, or mouth-piece of the bit. (Z, O, K, TA.) شَاكِلٌ: see شَكْلٌ, first signification. b2: Also A whiteness between the عِذَار [which see, for it has various meanings,] and the ear. (Ktr, S, O. [See also شَاكِلَةٌ.]) شَوْكَلٌ: see شَوْكَلَةٌ. b2: One says, اِجْعَلِ الأَمْرَ شَوْكَلًا وَاحِدًا, meaning Make thou the affair, or case, [uniform, or] one uniform thing. (Fr, TA in art. بأج.) شَاكِلَةٌ: see شَكْلٌ, former half, in two places.

A2: الشَّاكِلَةُ, also, signifies The flank; syn. الخَاصِرَةُ, i. e. الطَّفْطَفَةُ: (S, O:) [or,] in a horse, the skin that is between the side (عُرْض) of the خَاصِرَة and the ثَفِنَة, (K, TA,) which latter means [the stifle-joint, i. e.] the joint of the فَخِذ and سَاق: or as some say, the شَاكِلَتَانِ are the two exterior parts of the طَفْطَفَتَانِ [or two flanks] from the place to which the last of the ribs reaches to the edge of [the hip-bone called] the حَرْقَفَة on each side of the belly. (TA.) One says, أَصَابَ شَاكِلَةَ الرَّمِيَّةِ, meaning [He hit] the خَاصِرَة [or flank] of the رميّة [or animal shot at]. (TA.) [Hence,] one says, أَصَابَ شَاكِلَةَ الصَّوَابِ (tropical:) [He hit the point that he aimed at, of the thing that was right]: and هُوَ يَرْمِى بِرَأْيِهِ الشَّوَاكِلَ (tropical:) [He hits, by his opinion, or judgment, the right points]. (TA.) Ibn-'Abbád says that [the pl.]

شَوَاكِلُ signifies [also] The hind legs; because they are shackled [with the شِكَال]. (O.) b2: Also The part between the ear and the temple. (IAar, K, TA.) b3: And شَوَاكِلُ (which is the pl. of شَاكِلَةٌ, TA) (assumed tropical:) Roads branching off from a main road. (K.) You say طَرِيقٌ ذُو شَوَاكِلَ (assumed tropical:) A road having many roads branching off from it. (O.) b4: And شَاكِلَتَا الطَّرِيقِ means (tropical:) The two sides of the road: you say طَرِيقٌ ظَاهِرُ الشَّوَاكِلِ (tropical:) [A road of which the sides are apparent, or conspicuous]. (TA.) شَوْكَلَةٌ, (so in the O, as on the authority of IAar,) or ↓ شَوْكَلٌ, (so in the K,) thus says EzZejjájee, but Fr says the former, [like IAar,] (TA,) i. q. رَجَّالَةٌ [as meaning The footmen of an army or the like]: (Fr, IAar, Ez-Zejjájee, O, K, TA:) or مَيْمَنَةٌ [meaning the right wing of an army]: or مَيْسَرَةٌ [meaning the left wing thereof]. (Ez-Zejjájee, K, TA.) b2: And i. q. نَاحِيْةٌ [probably as meaning The side, region, quarter, or direction, towards which one goes; like شَاكِلَةٌ, as expl. by Akh and others, in a saying mentioned voce شَكْلٌ]. (IAar, O, K.) A2: Also i. q. عَوْسَجَةٌ [i. e. A tree of the species called عَوْسَج, q. v.]. (IAar, O, K.) شَوْكَلَآءُ: see شَكْلَآءُ, above.

أَشْكَلُ More, and most, like; syn. أَشْبَةُ: so in the saying, هٰذَا أَشْكَلُ بِكَذَا [This is more, or most, like to such a thing]. (S, K. *) b2: Also Of a colour in which whiteness and redness are intermixed; (S, Msb, K;) applied to blood; and, accord. to IDrd, a name for blood, because of the redness and whiteness intermixed therein; (S;) [and] applied to a man; (Msb;) or to anything: (TA:) or in which is whiteness inclining to redness and duskiness: (K:) or it signifies, with the Arabs, [of] two colours intermixed. (TA.) [Hence,] it is applied to water, (K, TA,) as meaning (tropical:) Mixed with blood: (TA: [see an ex. in a verse cited voce حَتَّى:]) pl. شُكْلٌ. (K.) And the fem., شَكْلَآءُ, is applied as an epithet to an eye, (S, K,) meaning Having in it what is termed شُكْلَةٌ, which is the like of a redness in the white thereof; like شُهْلَةٌ in the black: (S:) pl. as above. (K.) A man is said to be أَشْكَلُ العَيْنِ, meaning Having a redness, (Mgh,) or the like of a redness, (O,) in the white of the eye: (Mgh, O:) the Prophet is said to have been أَشْكَلُ العَيْنِ: and it has been expl. as meaning long in the slit of the eye: (K:) but ISd says that this is extraordinary; and MF, that the leading authorities on the trads. consentaneously assert it to be a pure mistake, and inapplicable to the Prophet, even if lexicologically correct. (TA.) b3: Applied to a camel, (K, TA,) and to a sheep or goat, (TA,) of which the blackness is mixed with redness, (K, TA,) or with dust-colour; as though its colour were dubious to thee: (TA:) pl. as above, applied to rams &c., (K, TA,) in this sense. (TA.) b4: Applied to a sheep or goat, White in the شَاكِلَة [or flank]: (S, O:) fem.

شَكْلَآءُ; (S;) applied to a ewe, as meaning white in the شَاكِلَة, (K, TA,) the rest of her being black. (TA.) A2: Also The mountain-species of سِدْر [or lote-tree]; (S, O, K;) described to AHn, by some one or more of the Arabs of the desert, as a sort of trees like the عُنَّاب [or jujube] in its thorns and the crookedness of its branches, but smaller in leaf, and having more branches; very hard, and having a small drupe, (نُبَيْقَة, [dim. of نَبِقَةٌ, n. un. of نَبِقٌ, which means the “ drupes of the سِدْر,”]) which is very acid: the places of its growth are lofty mountains; and bows are made of it [as is shown by an ex. in the S and O]: (TA:) [app. with tenween, having a] n. un. with ة: (S, K:) AHn says that the growth of the اشكل is like [that of] the trees called شِرْيَان [of which likewise bows are made]. (TA.) أَشْكَلَةٌ: see شَكْلٌ, first signification. b2: Also i. q. لُبْسٌ [meaning (assumed tropical:) Dubiousness, or confusedness]. (K.) A2: See also شَكْلَآءُ, in two places.

A3: Also A single tree of the species called أَشْكَل [q. v.]. (S, K.) مُشْكِلٌ, from أَشْكَلَ in the first of the senses assigned to it above, signifies Entering among [meaning confused with] its likes. (TA.) b2: And [hence, app., or] accord. to Sh, from شُكْلَةٌ meaning “ redness mixed with whiteness,” it signifies (assumed tropical:) Dubious, or confused. (TA.) [Used as a subst.,] it has for its pl. مُشْكِلَاتٌ [and مَشَاكِلُ also: for] one says, هُوَ يَفُكُّ المَشَاكِلَ, meaning (assumed tropical:) [He solves] the things, or affairs, that are dubious, or confused. (TA.) b3: مشكل [app. مُشْكِلٌ], applied to a horse, means Having a whiteness in his flanks. (AA, TA in art. دعم.) مُشَكَّلٌ Endowed with a goodly aspect, or appearance, and form. (TA.) مَشْكُولٌ A horse bound, or shackled, with the شِكَال [q. v.]. (O, TA.) b2: And (tropical:) A horse distinguished by the whiteness in the lower parts of certain of the legs which is denoted by the term شِكَالٌ [q. v.]: (S, Mgh, * O, TA:) such was disliked by the Prophet. (S.) [See also مُحَجَّلٌ.]

b3: And (tropical:) A writing restricted [in its meaning or pronunciation] with the signs of the desinential syntax [and the other syllabical signs and the diacritical points]. (AHát, TA.)

شبم

1 شَبِمَ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. شَبَمٌ, (TA,) It was, or became, cold; (S, K;) said of water. (S.) A2: شَبَمَ الجَدْىَ, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَبْمٌ, (TK,) He put the شِبَام [q. v.] in the mouth of the kid; as also ↓ شبّمهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَشْبِيمٌ. (TA.) 2 شَبَّمَ see what next precedes.

شَبَمٌ Cold, or coldness; (S, Msb, K;) accord. to the M, of water: (TA:) but one says غَدَاةٌ ذَاتُ شَبَم ٍ [A morning having coldness]: (S:) and يَوْمٌ ذُو شَبَم ٍ A day having coldness. (Msb.) b2: Jureybeh Ibn-El-Ashyam El-Fak'asee says, وَقَدْ شَبَّهُوا العِيرَ أَفْرَاسَنَا فَقَدْ وَجَدُوا مَيْرَهَا ذَا شَبَمْ

[And they likened our horses to the camels carrying provision of corn; but they found their provision to be something having coldness]; meaning, accord. to Aboo-Riyásh, that they found death; for death is cold; and poison also is cold: but there is another reading, accord. to which the last word is بَشَمْ, meaning “heaviness,” such as results from food. (Ham p. 363.) See also the next paragraph.

شَبِمٌ Cold, as an epithet, (S, Msb, TA,) applied to water, (S, TA,) and to rain; and one says غَدَاةٌ شَبِمَةٌ, meaning A cold morning. (TA.) [And] Feeling cold: (K:) or feeling cold together with hunger. (AA, S, K.) b2: Also A weapon, or weapons; as being cold: and such has been said to be the meaning [of ↓ ذَا شَبَمْ] in the verse cited above. (TA.) b3: And Death; because of its coldness: b4: and Poison; for the same reason. (K. [But see the verse cited above, and the explanation of it.]) A2: And بَقَرَةٌ شَبِمَةٌ A fat ox or cow, or beast of the bovine kind: (K, TA:) but the epithet commonly known is سَنِمَةٌ, [meaning “having a large hump,”] with س and ن. (TA.) شِبَمٌّ: see شِبَامٌ.

شَبَامٌ A certain plant, (AHn, K,) resembling in colour the حِنَّآء [q. v.]. (AHn, TA.) شِبَامٌ A piece of wood which is put crosswise in the mouth of a kid, (S, K, TA,) or, as in the M, in the two sides of the mouth of a kid or lamb, and tied behind its head, (TA,) in order that it may not suck its mother; (S, K;) as also ↓ شِبمَ: (K:) and so حِشَاكٌ. (IDrd and S in art. حشك.) b2: Also, (K,) or the dual, شِبَامَانِ, (S, TA,) Two threads, or strings, attached to the [kind of face-veil called] بُرْقُع, by which the woman [draws and] binds [the two upper corners of] it to the back of her head: (S, K:) [also called ثِبَاتٌ:] pl. شُبُمٌ. (O in art. سنبك.) مُشَبَّمٌ: see the following paragraph. Applied to a lion, it means Having his mouth tied, or bound; from شِبَامٌ in the former of the senses expl. above: (Meyd, TA:) thus in the following prov.: تَفْرَقُ مِنْ صَتِ الغُرَا بِ وَتَفْرِسُ الأَسَدَ المُشَبَّمْ [She is frightened at the cry of the crow, or raven, and breaks the neck of the lion whose mouth is tied]: (Meyd, K, TA:) or, accord. to another relation, المُشَتَّم, [meaning “ the grimfaced,”] from شَتَامَةُ الوَجْهِ: (Meyd:) a saying originating from the fact of a woman's breaking the neck of a lion, and then hearing the cry of a crow, or raven, and being frightened: applied to him who advances boldly to undertake that which is of high account, [or attended with peril,] and fears that which is contemptible. (Meyd, K.) مَشْبُومٌ [and ↓ مُشَبَّمٌ] A kid, or lamb, having the piece of wood called شِبَام put into its mouth and tied behind its head, in order that it may not suck its mother. (TA.)

ولج

1 وَلَجَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. وُلُوجٌ and لِجَةٌ; and ↓ إِتَّلَجَ; (S, K;) and ↓ تولّج; (L;) He, or it, entered. (S, K.) You say وَلَجَ البَيْتَ, and ↓ اتّلجه, and ↓ تولّجهُ, He entered the house. (L.) And وَلَجَ الشَّىْءُ فِى غَيرِهِ The thing entered into another thing. (Msb.) As is said in the S and L, Sb says that وَلَجَ has for its inf. n. وُلُوجٌ, which is of one of the measures of the inf. ns. of intrans. verbs, because the meaning [of وَلَجْتُ البَيْتَ] is وَلَجْتُ فِيهِ: and it is said in the M, that Sb holds the intermediate particle to be dropped: but Mohammad Ibn-Yezeed holds the verb to be trans. without an intermediate particle. MF observes, that Sb's words appear to make ولج a trans. verb, which no one asserts it to be: that if he mean that it has as its complement a noun in the acc. case as an adverbial noun of place, it is like دَخَلْتُ and other intrans. verbs: but if he mean that it governs a simple objective complement, like ضَرَبْتُ زَيْدًا, his opinion is not correct. (TA.) 4 اولج, (S, K,) inf. n. إِيلَاجٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ إِتَّلَجَ, as in the CK and in several MS. copies of the K) or أَتْلَجَ, (as in the L, and all the copies of the K consulted by SM, in this art., and in art. تلج,) in which ت is substituted for و, and this is the correct reading; (TA;) He, or it, caused to enter; introduced; inserted. (S, K.) b2: The expression in the Kur. [xxii. 60; and other chapters,] يُولِجُ اللَّيلَ فِى النَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِى اللَّيْلِ signifies He maketh the night, by increasing it, to enter into, [or encroach upon,] the day, and maketh the day, in like manner, to enter into, [or encroach upon,] the night: (Jel:) or He increaseth the night with a part of the day, by taking from the latter and adding to the former, and in like manner increaseth the day with a part of the night. (S.) b3: [اولج is often used for اولج ذكره; and hence as meaning Inivit.]5 تَوَلَّجَ see 1.8 إِوْتَلَجَ see 1 and 4.

رَجُلٌ خُرَجَةٌ وُلَجَهٌ, (S,) and ↓ خَرَّاجٌ وَلَّاجٌ, and ↓ خَرُوجٌ وَلُوجٌ, (TA,) A man frequently going, or coming, out and in. (S, TA.) [This is the primary meaning: for others see art. خرج.]

وَلَجَةٌ A place, (S,) or a cavern, in which passengers shelter themselves from rain &c.: pl. أَوْلَاجٌ and وَلَجٌ, (S, K,) [or rather the latter, which is omitted in the CK, is a coll. gen. n., of which ولجة is the n. un.] or وُلُجٌ. (L.) b2: Also, A bend, or place of bending, of a valley: (IAar:) pl. as above. (K.) وَلُوجٌ and وَلَّاجٌ: see وُلْجَةٌ.

وَلِيجَةٌ Anything that is introduced, or inserted, into a thing, and that does not belong to it: any such thing is termed a وليجة of a thing. (A'Obeyd.) b2: هُوَ وَلِيجَتُهُمْ He is an adherent to them; (K;) one who has entered, or become introduced, or included, among them,] and not belonging to them. (TA.) Pl. وَلَائِجُ. (TA.) b3: وَلِيجَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A particular, or special, intimate, friend, or associate, of a man; syn. خَاصَّةٌ (S, K) and بِطَانَةٌ (S) and دَخِيلَةٌ: (K:) by these syns. A'Obeyd explains it in the Kur. ix. 16: and it is applied to one and to more than one: (TA:) or one whom a person takes to rely upon, or to place confidence in, not being of his family: (K:) and so some explain the word in the verse above referred to: (TA:) or it there signifies an intimate friend who is one of the polytheists. (Fr.) وَالِجَةٌ i. q. دُبَيْلَةٌ, (K,) i. e., A certain disease in the belly. (TA.) A pain that attacks a man; or a pain in a man; وَجَعٌ يَأْخُذُ الإِنْسَانَ, (so in two copies of the S, and in the L,) or وَجَعٌ فِى الإِنْسَانِ: (so in the TA and a MS. copy of the K:) or a pain that attacks the teeth; or a pain in the teeth; وجع يأخذ الأَسْنَانَ, (so in a copy of the S,) or وجع فى الأَسْنَانِ. (So in the CK.) أَوْلَجُ [More, or most, penetrating]: applied to language or discourse. [TA, in art. جمع: see an ex. voce مُجْمَعٌ.]

تَوْلَجٌ The hiding place of a wild beast, (or antelope, TA,) among trees, (S, K,) into which he enters (الَّذِى يَلِج فِيهِ); like دَوْلَجٌ: the ت, says Sb, is substituted for و, and the word is of the measure فَوْعَلٌ; for تَفْعَلٌ is scarcely found in Arabic as the measure of a subst., whereas فَوْعَلٌ is frequent. (S.) مَوْلِجٌ A place of entrance; a place into which one enters: (TA:) pl. مَوَالِجُ. (S.) [See its contr. مَخْرَجٌ.]

مَوْلُوجٌ A man attacked by the disease called وَالِجَة, or دُبَيْلَة. (K, TA.)

وسط

1 وَسَطَ القَوْمَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. وَسْطٌ (S, Msb, K) [and وُسُوطٌ (as shown below)] and سِطَةٌ, (S, K,) He sat, [or was, or became,] in the middle, or midst, of the people, or company of men; (K;) or among them: (TA;) i. q. ↓ توسّطهُمْ; (S, K;) or بَيْنَهُمْ ↓ توسّط: (Msb:) and in like manner, وَسَطَ المَكَانَ [he was, or became, or sat, in the middle, or midst, of the place]: (Msb:) and وَسَطَ الشَّىْءَ, and ↓ وسّطهُ, and ↓ توسّطهُ, he was, or became, in the middle, or midst, of the thing: and [in like manner] وُسُوطُ الشَّمْسِ signifies السَّمَآءَ ↓ تَوَسُّطُهَا [The sun's being, or becoming, in the middle, or midst, of the sky]. (M.) b2: وَسَطَ الشَّىْءَ also signifies He, or it, was, or became, in the best part of the thing, most remote from the two extremes. (TA.) And وَسَطَهُ He alighted, or took up his abode, in, or among, the best, or most generous, thereof. (M.) and وَسَطَ الرَّجُلُ قَوْمَهُ, and فِى قَوْمِهِ, inf. n. وَسَاطَةٌ, The man occupied, or held, a middle place, [meaning the best place, or one of the best places,] among his people, in respect of truth and equity. (Msb.) And وَسَطَ قَوْمَهُ فِى الحَسَبِ, aor. ـِ inf. n. سِطَةٌ, [He held a middle, or good, or the best, rank among his people in regard of grounds of pretension to respect.] (M.) And وَسُطَ فِى

حَسَبِهِ, [aor. ـْ inf. n. وَسَاطَةٌ and سِطَةٌ, [He held a middle, or good, or the best, rank in regard of his grounds of pretension to respect;] (M, TA;) and وَسَطَ signifies the same; (M;) and so does ↓ وسّط, (M, TA,) inf. n. تَوْسِيطٌ. (TA.) [See وَسَطٌ, below.]2 وسّطهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَوْسِيطٌ, (S, K,) He put it in the middle, or midst. (S, K.) b2: And [so in the S, but in the K “ or,”] He cut it [in the middle, or midst, i. e.] in two halves. (S, K.) [See the pass. part. n., below.] b3: [In the Kur, c. 5,] some read, فَوَسَّطْنَ بِهِ جَمْعًا [which may mean And have put in the midst, thereby, a company of the enemy: or have divided in two halves, thereby, &c.: or have thereby become in the midst of a company of the enemy]: (S, TA:) others read فَوَسَطْنَ. (TA.) See 1, first sentence. b4: وسّط فى حَسَبِهِ: see 1, last sentence.5 تَوَسَّطَ see 1, first sentence, in four places. b2: توسّط بَيْنَ النَّاسِ He mediated, or interceded, between the men, or people, for the purpose of accommodation; from وَسَطَ الرَّجُلُ قَوْمَهُ and فِى

قَوْمِهِ, explained above; (Msb;) or from وَسَاطَةٌ; (S;) he made mediation, or intercession, (عَمِلَ الوَسَاطَةَ,) between them. (K.) b3: توسّط also signifies He took what was of a middle sort, between the good and the bad. (K.) وَسْط, with the س quiescent, is an adv. n.; [as such written وَسْطَ, meaning In the middle of: in the midst of; or among;] (S, M, IB, Mgh, K;) and it is for this reason that it has its middle letter quiescent, (S, IB,) like بَيْنَ (IB) with which it is syn.; (IB, Msb;) [for] it may be used in any case in which بَيْنَ may be substituted for it; (S, IAth, K;) and, like بَيْنَ, it does not denote a part of the thing denoted by the noun to which it is prefixed, wherein differing from ↓ وَسَط. (S, IB, K.) You say, جَلَسْتُ وَسْطَ القَوْمِ (S, IB, Msb) I sat [in the middle of, or in the midst of,] or among, the people, or company of men, (IB, Msb;) not being one of them. (IB.) And وَسْطَ رَأْسِهِ دُهْنٌ [In the middle of his head is oil]; not meaning a component part of the head. (IB.) And it is said in a trad.

الجَالِسُ وَسْطَ الحَلْقَةِ مَلْعُونٌ [The sitter in the midst of the ring is cursed]: for he must of necessity turn his back towards some of those who surround him, and so displease them; wherefore they curse him and revile him. (IAth.) b2: It may not [properly] be used as a decl. n., (IB,) i. e. as an inchoative, (Mgh,) nor as an agent, nor as an objective complement; (IB, Mgh) &c.; thus, also, differing from ↓ وَسَط; unless it have the adverbial particle [فِى] prefixed to it; in which case it has the sense of وَسَط, and you say, جَلَسْتُ فِى وَسْطِ القَوْمِ and فى وَسْطِ رَأْسِهِ دُهْنٌ [like as you say جَلَسْتُ وَسْطَ القَوْمِ and وَسْطَ رَأْسِهِ دُهنٌ, explained above]: and sometimes it is used as a subst., preserving the quiescence [and the adverbial form], like as بَيْنَ is used as a subst. though virtually an adv. n., in cases like that where it is said in the Kur, [vi. 94,] لَقَدْ تَقَطَّعَ بَيْنَكُمْ [meaning مَا بَيْنَكُمْ, or, as explained in the Expos. of the Jel., وَصْلُكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ]: (IB:) or وَسْط is sometimes used for ↓ وَسَط, improperly; (S;) or it may be so used; (Msb;) or it is so used by poetic license; (M;) or, as some say, each of them may take the place of the other; and this seems the most likely: (IAth:) or one says وَسْط, with sukoon, only, of that whereof the component parts are separate, or distinct, (IAth, K *,) such as a number of men, and beasts of carriage, &c.; (IAth;) and ↓ وَسَط, (IAth,) or both, (K,) of that whereof the component parts are united, (IAth, K *,) such as a house, and the head, (IAth,) or such as a ring: (K:) it is related, as on the authority of Th, that الشَّىْءِ ↓ وَسَطُ and وسْطُهُ [both meaning The middle, or midst, of the thing] are said when the thing is solid; but when its component parts are separate, or distinct, the word is وَسْطٌ, with sukoon, exclusively. (M.) وَسَطٌ [The middle, midst, or middle part, of a thing; i. e.,] properly, the part of which several lateral, or outer, portions are equal; as, for instance, the middle finger: but also meaning the part which is surrounded, or enclosed, on its several sides, although unequally: (Msb:) or the part that is between the two sides or extremities of a thing; (M, IB, Mgh, K;) [or the part, or point, that is between every two opposite extremities of a thing; and properly when equidistant;] as, for instance, the centre of a circle: (Mgh:) as also ↓ أَوْسَطُ, (M, K,) which is [likewise] a subst., like أَفْكَلٌ and أَزْمَلٌ [but imperfectly decl. because originally an epithet]: (M:) وَسَطٌ has its middle letter with fet-h in order that it may agree in measure with its contr., which is طَرَفٌ; the like agreement being frequent: (IB:) and it is only used in cases in which بَيْنَ may not be substituted for it, herein [and in other respects, mentioned in the next preceding paragraph,] differing from وَسْط: (S, IB, K:) [respecting the similar and dissimilar usages of وَسَط and وَسّط, sufficient observations have been made in the next preceding paragraph, which see throughout, and more especially in its latter part:] the pl. of وَسَطٌ is أَوْسَاطٌ; and that of its syn. ↓ أَوْسَطُ is أَوَاسِطُ; or this may be a pl. of ↓ وَاسِطٌ, and originally وَوَاسِطُ. (M.) You say, جَلَسْتُ فِى

وَسَطِ الدَّارِ [I sat in the middle, or middle part, of the house]; (S, Mgh, Msb;) because وَسَط is a subst. (S.) And إِتَّسَعَ وَسَطُهُ [The middle, or middle part, thereof, became wide]. (Mgh, Msb.) And ضَرَبْتُ وَسَطَ رَأْسِهِ [I smote the middle, or middle part, of his head]. (Mgh, * Msb.) And كَسَرْتُ وَسَطَ الرُّمْحِ [I broke the middle, or middle part, of the spear]. (IB.) And وَسَطُهُ خَيْرٌ مِنْ طَرَفِهِ [The middle, or middle part, thereof is better than the extremity]. (Mgh, Msb.) And خَيَرُ الأُمُورِ أَوْسَاطُهَا The best of affairs, or actions, or cases, are such of them as are between two extremes. (M. [See R. Q. 1, in art. حق.]) It is sometimes put in the accus. case as an adv. n.; as in the saying, جَلَسْتُ وَسَطَ الدَّارِ; but this is an instance of departure from the original usage; and [the meaning is جَلَسْتُ فِى وَسَطِ الدَّارِ signifying as explained above; so that] it is not here syn. with بَيْنَ, like as وَسْطَ is. (IB.) b2: It is also used as an epithet: (IB, Mgh:) [as such signifying Middle; intermediate; midway, or equidistant, between the two extremities or extremes; in place, or position: but in this sense superseded in usage by ↓ أَوْسَطُ and ↓ وَاسِطٌ and ↓ مُتَوَسِّطٌ: and in time; but in this sense also superseded in usage by ↓ أَوْسَطُ:] middling; of middle sort, kind, or rate; (Msb;) as also ↓ أَوْسَطُ (S, * M, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ مُتَوَسِّطٌ (M, Mgh, Msb) and ↓ وَسُوطٌ (M, TA) [and ↓ وَسِيطٌ]; between good and bad; (Msb, TA;) as also ↓ أَوْسَطُ: (Msb:) conforming, or conformable, to the just mean; just; equitable: (Zj, S, K:) good; (Zj, M, Msb, K;) as also ↓ وَسِيطٌ: (M:) most conforming, or conformable, to the just mean; most just; most equitable; applied to what is so of a thing; (S, M, K;) whatever it be; (S, K;) as also ↓ أَوْسَطَ: (M:) best; (Msb;) as also ↓ أَوْسَطُ: (S, * Msb, K *:) most generous: (M:) and when used as an epithet, it is applied alike to a masc., fem., sing., dual, and pl., subst.: (Mgh:) the fem. of ↓ أَوْسَطُ is وُسْطَى; (Mgh, Msb;) and the pl. masc. أَوَاسِطُ; and pl. fem. وُسَطٌ. (Msb.) Hence, (Msb,) ↓ الإِصْبَعُ الوُسْطَى (S, Msb, K) The middle finger. (Msb.) And ↓ اليَوْمُ الأَوْسَطُ [The middle day]. (Msb.) And ↓ اللَّيْلَةُ الوُسْطَى [The middle night. (Msb.) And ↓ العَشَرَةُ الأَوَاسِطُ, meaning The [ten middle] days. (Msb.) And العَشْرُ

↓ الوُسَطُ, meaning The [ten middle nights: not ↓ العَشْرُ الأَوْسَطُ; for this is a vulgar mistake, into which relaters of traditions have fallen; or it may be a mistake of transcription. (Msb.) and ↓ الصَّلٰوةُ الوُسْطَى, (M, Mgh, &c.,) mentioned in the Kur, [ii. 239,] (M, K,) meaning The middle prayer (Bd, TA) between the other prayers, (Bd,) or between the prayers of the night and the day; (TA;) or the most excellent of them in particular: (Bd:) i. e. the prayer of the afternoon; ('Alee Ibn-Abee-Tálib, I'Ab, and others, Mgh, Bd, K;) because the prophet said, on the day of the Ahzáb, “they have diverted us from الصلوة الوسطى, the prayer of the afternoon: ” (Bd:) or the prayer of daybreak; (also said to be on the authority of 'Alee, Mgh, Bd, K;) because it is between the prayers of the night and the day; (Bd;) for the saying of the prophet mentioned above does not contravene this and other assertions, since what is meant in the trad. is not what is meant in the Kur: (K:) or, (M, K,) accord. to Abu-l-Hasan, (M,) the prayer of Friday; (M, K;) because it is the most excellent of the prayers; (M;) and he who says otherwise errs, unless he trace up the assertion to the prophet: (M, K:) these three opinions are of the strongest authority; (B;) and the first is that which commonly obtains: (Mgh:) or the prayer of noon; (Mgh, Bd, Msb, K;) because it is in the middle of the day: (Bd:) or the prayer of Friday on the day thereof; but on other days the prayer of noon: (K, and also said to be on the authority of 'Alec:) or the prayer of sunset: (Mgh, Bd, K:) or the prayer of nightfall: (Bd, K:) or [the night-prayer called] الوِتْر: (K:) or the prayer of the breaking of the fast: (K:) or the prayer of sacrifices: (K:) or the prayer of the period called the ضُحَى: (K:) or the prayer of the congregation: (K:) or the prayer of fear: (K:) or the prayers of nightfall and daybreak together: (K, and said to be on the authorities of 'Omar and 'Othmán:) or the prayers of daybreak and the afternoon together: (K:) or any of the five prayers; because before it are two prayers and after it are two prayers: (K:) or all the divinely-appointed prayers: (K:) or certain prayers not particularized: (K:) or prayer of middling length, between long and short. (K.) Hence also, شَىْءٌ وَسَطٌ A middling thing; a thing of middle sort or kind; (Msb;) between good and bad; (S, Msb;) as also ↓ أَوْسَطُ: (Msb:) and in like manner it is applied to a male slave, and a female slave, (Msb,) and two male slaves, and two sheep or goats. (Mgh.) And مَا تُطْعِمُونَ ↓ مِنْ أَوْسَطِ

أَهْلِيكُمْ, in the Kur, [v. 91,] Of the middle sort of that which ye give for food to your families, (Mgh, Msb,) between what is prodigal and what is niggardly. (Mgh.) And ↓ النَّمَطُ الأَوْسَطُ The middle class of men: occurring in a saying of 'Alee, cited in full in art. غط. (M.) And عَلِّمْنِى

↓ دِينًا وَسُوطا Teach thou to me a religion of the middle sort: occurring in a saying of an Arab of the desert to El-Hasan, cited in full voce فَرَطَ. (M, TA.) And جَعَلْنَاكُمْ أَمَّةً وَسَطًا, in the Kur, [ii. 137,] (S, Mgh, Msb,) [We have made you to be a nation] conforming, or conformable, to the just mean; just; equitable: (Zj, S, IB, Bd, K:) or good. (Zj, Bd, Msb, K.) And مَرْعًى

وَسَطٌ Choice pasturage. (M.) And رَجُلٌ وَسَطٌ A good man; as also ↓ وَسِيطٌ: (M:) or a man having good grounds of pretension to respect. (TA.) And فِى قَوْمِهِ ↓ فُلَانٌ وَسِيطٌ, (S, K *,) or بَيْنَهُمْ, (as in some copies of the K,) Such a one is the best of his people (↓ أَوْسَطُهُمْ) in race, and the highest of them in station. (S, K.) and الدَّارِ وَالحَسَبِ ↓ فُلَانٌ وَسِيطُ [Such a one is of good quality, or of the best quality, in respect of tribe, and of grounds of pretension to honour]. (Lth.) And هُوَ مِنْ وَسَطِ قَوْمِهِ, and ↓ من أَوْسَطِهِمْ, He is of the best of his people. (Msb.) And in like manner, هُوَ مِنْ وَسَطِ الشَّىْءِ, and ↓ من أَوْسَطِهِ, It is of the best of the thing. (Msb.) And قَالَ

↓ أَوْسَطُهُمْ in the Kur, lxviii. 28, The best of them said: (Jel:) or the most rightly directed, of them, to the truth: (Msb:) or it means ↓ أَوْسَطُهُمْ رَأْيًا [the most remote, of them, from either extreme, in judgment]; or سِنًّا [in age]. (Bd.) وَسُوطٌ: see وَسَطٌ, as an epithet, in two places.

وَسِيطٌ: see وَسَطٌ, as an epithet, in five places. b2: A mediator, or an intercessor, for the purpose of accommodation, (O, K,) between people, (O,) or between two persons engaged in mutual altercation or litigation. (K.) وَسَاطَةٌ [originally an inf. n.: (see 1:) b2: and hence, as a subst., Mediation, or intercession]. (S, K: see 5.) b3: وَسَاطَةُ الدَّنَانِيرِ The best of deenárs. (TA.) وَسِيطَةٌ A mean, or means: pl. وَسَائِطُ.]

وَاسِطٌ: see وَسَطٌ, as a subst., and also as an epithet. b2: وَاسِطُ الكُورِ, (Lth, S, K,) or الرَّحْلِ, (ISh, Az, M,) and ↓ وَاسِطَتُهُ, (Lth, M, K,) and ↓ مَوْسِطَتُهُ, (Lh, M, [or perhaps ↓ مُوسِطَتُهُ, corresponding to ↓ مُؤْخِرَتُهُ,]) The fore-part of the camel's saddle: (S, K:) accord. to Lth, (Az, TA,) the part, of the camel's saddle, which is between the تَادِمَة and the آخِرَة; (Az, M, L;) but this is a mistake; (Az, L;) for the واسط of the camel's saddle is one of the شَرْخَانِ, (ISh, Az, L,) which are its two extremities, [or upright pieces of wood,] like the قَرَبُوسُانِ of the horse's saddle, (Az, L,) between which the rider sits; (ISh, Az, L;) it is the extremity which is next to the head of the camel; (Az, L;) the tall forepart next to the breast of the rider, (ISh, Az, L,) against which the breast of the rider sometimes strikes; (TA, in art. نحز;) the آخِرةَ being the extremity which is next to the tail of the camel; (Az, L;) the hinder part of the saddle, which is its tall and broad piece of wood that is against (تُحَاذِى) the head of the rider: (ISh, Az, L:) the former of these is not called واسط as being a middle part between the آخرة and the قادمة, as Lth says; nor has the camel's saddle any [part called] قادمة. (Az, L.) b3: الوَاسِطُ also signifies The piece of wood that is in the middle, between the two pieces called the عِضَادَتَانِ, in the yoke that is upon the neck of a bull which draws a cart or the like. (L in art. عضذ.) وَاسِطَةٌ The jewel that is in the middle of a قِلَادَة [or necklace], which is the best thereof; (S;) the large pearl (دُرَّة) that is in the middle thereof, which is the most precious of the beads thereof. (L.) b2: [In modern Arabic, A means of doing a thing. You say, بِوَاسِطَةِ كَذَا By means of such a thing. b3: Also, An intermediary, interposer, or agent between parties; a go-between.] b4: See also وَاسِطٌ. b5: هُوَ فِى

وَاسِطَةٍ مِنَ العَيْشِ (assumed tropical:) He is in a good condition of life. (Er-Rághib, TA, in art. حف.) أَوْسَطُ; fem. وُسْطَى; pl. masc. أَوَاسِطُ; pl. fem.

وُسَطٌ: see وَسَطٌ, as a subst., in two places; and as an epithet, throughout.

مُوسَطٌ What is in the middle of a بَيْت [i. e. house, or tent, &c.], particularly. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) مَوْسِطَةٌ, or مُوسِطَةٌ: see وَاسِطٌ.

قَتَلَ فُلَانًا مُوَسَّطًا He slew such a one cut [in the middle, or midst,] in two halves. (TA.) [This mode of slaughter, termed تَوْسِيطٌ, was often practised under the rule of the Egyptian Sultáns; many instances thereof being mentioned by ElMakreezee and other historians. See De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., 2nd ed., vol. i. p. 468.]

مُتَوَسِّطٌ: see وَسَطٌ, as an epithet, in two places.