لَوْلَا
:) ! لَوْلَا: قالَ الجَوْهري: مُرَكَّبةٌ مِن مَعْنى أَنْ ولَوْ، وَذَلِكَ أنَّ لَوْلَا تَمْنَعُ الثَّانِي مِن أَجْلِ وُجُودِ الأوَّلِ تقولُ: لَوْلَا زَيْدٌ لهَلكَ عَمْرو، أَي امْتَنَعَ وُقُوعُ الهَلاكِ مِن أجْلِ وُجُودِ زَيْد هُنَاكَ.
قَالَ ابنُ برِّي: ظاهِرُ كلامِ الجَوْهرِي يَقْضِي بأَنَّ لَوْلَا مُركَّبَةٌ مِن أَن المَفْتوحَة وَلَو، لأَنَّ لَو للامْتِناعِ وأنْ للوُجُودِ، فجَعَلَ لَوْلَا حَرْفَ امْتِناعٍ لوُجُودٍ، انتَهَى.
وَقَالَ المبرِّدُ: لَوْلَا تَمْنَعُ الشيءَ مِن أَجْلِ وُقُوعِ غيرِهِ.
وَقَالَ ابنُ كَيْسان: المَكْنِيُّ بَعْدَ لَوْلا لَهُ وَجْهان: إنْ شِئْتَ جِئْتَ بمَكْني المَرْفوع فقلْتَ لَوْلا هُوَ {ولَوْلا هُمْ ولَوْلا هِيَ ولَوْلا أَنْتَ، وإنْ شِئْتَ وصلْتَ المَكْنيَّ بهَا فَكَانَ كمَكْنِيِّ الخَفْضِ، والبَصْريّون يقولونَ: هُوَ خَفْض، والفرَّاء يقولُ. وَإِن كانَ فِي لَفْظِ الخَفْضِ فَهُوَ فِي مَوْضِعِ الرَّفْع، قالَ: وَهُوَ أَقْيَسُ القَوْلَيْن، تَقول:} لَوْلاكَ مَا قُمْتُ {ولَوْلايَ} ولَوْلاهُ {ولَوْلاهَا} ولَوْلاهُم، والأجْودُ لَوْلا أَنْتَ كَمَا قَالَ، عزَّ وجلَّ: {لَوْلَا أَنْتُم لكُنَّا مُؤْمِنِين} ؛ وَقَالَ الشاعرُ:
ومَنْزلِةٍ لَوْلايَ طِحْتَ كَمَا هَوَى
بأَجْرامِه مِن قُنَّةِ النِّيقِ مُنْهَويوأَنْشَدَ الفرَّاء:
أَيَطْمَعُ فِينا مَنْ أَراقَ دِماءَنا
! ولَوْلاهُ لَمْ يَعْرِضْ لأَحْسابِنا حَسَنْورَوَى المُنْذري عَن ثَعْلب قالَ: لَوْلا إِذا وَلِيَتِ الأسْماء كانتْ جَزَاء وَإِذا وَلِيَتِ الأفْعالَ كانتْ اسْتِفْهاماً.
وَفِي البصائِرِ للمصنِّفِ: لَوْلا على أرْبَعَةِ أَوْجُهٍ:
(أَحَدُها:) أَن تَدْخُلَ على جملتين اسْمِيَّةٍ ففعْلِيَّةٍ لرَبْطِ امْتِناعِ الثَّانِيَةِ بوُجُودِ الأُولى، نَحْو: لَوْلا زَيْد لأَكْرَمْتكَ، أَي لَوْلا زَيْدٌ مَوْجودٌ وأَمَّا الحديثُ: (لَوْلاَ أَنْ أَشقَّ على أُمَّتي لأَمَرْتَهم بالسّواكِ عنْدَ كلِّ صلاةٍ) ، فالتَّقْدير: لَوْلا مَخافَة أَنْ أَشقَّ لأَمَرْتَهم أَمْرَ إيجابٍ وإلاَّ لانْعَكَس مَعْناهُ إِذا المُمْتَنِع المَشَقَّة والمَوْجُودُ الأَمْر.
(الثَّاني:) تكونُ للتَّحْضيضِ والعَرض فتَخْتَص بالمُضارِعِ أَو مَا فِي تأْوِيلِه نَحْو: {لَوْلا تَسْتَغْفرونَ الله} ، و {لَوْلا أَخَّرْتَني إِلَى أَجَلٍ قَرِيبٍ} ، والفَرْقُ بَيْنهما أنَّ التَّحْضِيضَ طَلَبٌ بِحَثَ والعَرْض طَلَبٌ برِفْقٍ وتأَدّبٍ.
(الثَّالث:) تكونُ للتَّوْبيخِ والتَّنْديدِ فتَخْتَص بالماضِي، كَقَوْلِه تَعَالَى: {لَوْلا جاؤُوا عَلَيْهِ بأَرْبَعَةِ شُهداءٍ} { {فلَوْلا نَصْرهم الَّذين اتَّخَذُوا مِن دُون الله قرْباناً آلِهَةً} ؛ وَمِنْه: {} ولَوْلا إِذا سَمِعْتمُوه قُلْتُم} إلاَّ أنَّ الفِعْل أُخِّر؛ وقولُ جرير:
تَعُدُّونَ عَقْرَ النِّيبِ أَفْضَلَ مَجْدِكُم
بَنِي ضَوْطَرَى لَوْلا الكَمِيَّ المُقَنَّعَاإلاَّ أنَّ الفِعْل أُضْمِر، أَي لَوْلا عَدَدْتُم أَو لَوْلا تَعُدُّونَ عَقْرَ الكَمِيّ المُقَنَّع مِن أَفْضَل مَجْدِكم، وَقد فُصلت مِن الفِعْل بإذ وَإِذا مَعْمُولَيْن لَهُ، وبجُمْلَةِ شَرْطٍ مُعْتَرِضَةٍ، فالأوَّل نَحْو: { {وَلَوْلَا إِذْ سَمِعْتُموه قُلْتُم} ؛ وَالثَّانِي والثَّالثِ: {} فلَوْلا إِذا بَلَغَت الحُلْقُوم} {فلَوْلا إِن كُنْتُم غَيْر مدينين ترجعونها} .
(الَّرابع:) الاسْتِفهامُ، نَحْو: {لَوْلا أَخَّرْتَني إِلَى أَجَلٍ قرِيبٍ} ، {لَوْلا أنزلَ إِلَيْهِ ملك} كَذَا مثلُوا والظاهِرُ أنَّ الأولى للعَرْضِ، والثانِيَة مِثْل { {لَوْلا جاؤُوا عَلَيْهِ بأَرْبَعةِ شُهداءِ} .
وَالْخَامِس: أنْ تكونَ نافِيَةً بمعْنَى لم، عَن الفرَّاء، وَمثله بقوله تَعَالَى: {} فلَوْلا كانَ مِن القُرونِ مِن قَبْلكم أُولو بَقِية يَنْهونَ} ، قَالَ: لم يَكُنْ أَحدٌ كَذلكَ إلاَّ قَلِيلا، فإنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ كَانُوا يَنْهون فَنَجوا، وَهُوَ اسْتِثناءٌ على الانْقِطاع ممَّا قَبْله، كَمَا قَالَ، عزَّ وجلَّ: {إلاَّ قَوْم يُونُس} ، وَلَو كانَ رَفْعاً لكانَ صَواباً، هَذَا نَصّ الفرَّاء. ومَثَّله غيرُه بقوله تَعَالَى: {فلَوْلا كَانَت قَرْيَة آمَنَتْ فنَفَعَها إيمانُها إلاَّ قَوْم يُونُس} ، والظاهِرُ أَنَّ المَعْنى على التَّوْبيخ، أَي فهَلاَّ كانتْ قَرْيَة واحِدَة مِن القُرَى المُهْلَكَة تابَتْ عَن الكُفْر قَبْل مجيءِ العَذَابِ فنَفَعَها ذلكَ، هَكَذَا فَسَّره الأَخْفَش والكِسائي وعليُّ بنُ عِيسَى والنحَّاسُ، ويُؤَيّدُه قِراءَةُ أُبيَ وعبدِ اللهِ {فهَلاَّ} ويَلْزَمُ مِن هَذَا المَعْنى النَّفْي لأنَّ التَّوْبيخَ يَقْتَضِي عَدَمُ الوُقُوعِ. وذَكَرَ الزَّمَخْشَري فِي قولهِ تَعَالَى: {فلَوْلا إِذْ جاءَهُم بأْسُنا تَضَرَّعُوا} ، جيءَ {بلَوْلا ليُفادَ أَنَّهم لم يَكُنْ لهُم عذْرٌ فِي تَرْكِ التَّضرُّعِ إلاَّ عَنَادهم وقَسْوَة قُلُوبِهم وإعْجابهم بأَعْمالِهم الَّتِي زَيَّنها الشَّيْطانُ لَهُم؛ وقولُ الشاعرِ:

شح

1 شَحَّ, (Msb,) sec. Pers\. شَحَحْتَ, aor. ـُ and يَشِحُّ, (S, O, Msb, K,) the latter of these aors. agreeable with analogy as the verb is intrans., and the former deviating therefrom; (MF;) and sec. Pers\. شَحِحْتَ, aor. ـَ (S, O, Msb, K;) [the first of which, having for its aor. ـُ is the most common;] inf. n. شُحٌّ (S, A, O, Msb, K) and شِحٌّ and شَحٌّ, (ISk, O, K,) of which three inf. ns. the first is the most approved; (TA;) He was, or became, niggardly, tenacious, stingy, penurious, or avaricious; syn. يَخِلَ: (Msb:) or بخل relates to single things, or particulars; and شحّ, to things in general: or بخل relates to wealth, or property; and شحّ, to wealth, or property, and to kindness, or beneficence: or شحّ, signifies he was, or became, niggardly, &c., as above, in the utmost degree: (TA:) or he was, or became, niggardly, &c., as above, (S, A, O, K,) and covetous, or vehemently or greedily or excessively or culpably desirous, (K,) or with covetousness, or vehement or greedy or excessive or culpable desire. (S, A, O.) You say, شَحَّ بِهِ and شَحَّ عَلَيْهِ; (T, M, K;) by the former meaning He was, or became, niggardly, &c., of it, i. e., of his property, or the like; and by the latter, he was, or became, niggardly, &c., to him, i. e., to an asker, or a beggar, or a seeker, or the like: (MF:) or [in some cases, as will be seen from phrases mentioned below, (see شَحِيحٌ,)] meaning by the latter the same as by the former. (L.) [Thus] one says, هُوَ يَشُحُّ بِمَالِهِ [He is niggardly, &c., of his property; and sometimes, in the same sense, يَشُحُّ عَلَى مَالِهِ]. (A.) And شَحَّ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ [Some of them were niggardly, &c., to some; meaning they were niggardly, &c., one to another]. (Msb, K.) 3 هُوَ يُشَاحُّنِى بِكَذَا [He is niggardly, tenacious, &c., as above, with me, of such a thing]. (A.) [The inf. n.] مُشَاحَّةٌ [in the CK erroneously written مَشاحَّة] is syn. with ضِنَّةٌ: (K, TA:) hence the saying, لَا مُشَاحَّةَ فِى الاِصْطِلَاحِ [There shall be no acting in a niggardly manner, of one with another, in the making of peace, one with another]. (TA.) And one says, فُلَانٌ يُشَاحُّ عَلَى

فُلَانٍ Such a one is tenacious of such a one; syn. يَضَنُّ بِهِ. (S, L.) 6 تشاحّ القَوْمُ The people, or party, were niggardly, tenacious, &c., as above, [see 1,] one to another, (Msb, K, TA,) فِى الأَمْرِ [in the affair], (K, TA,) and عَلَيْهِ [for it], (TA,) and vied in hastening to it, (TA,) fearing lest it should become unattainable. (K, TA.) And تَشَاحَّا عَلَى

الأَمْرِ لَا يُرِيدَانِ أَنْ يَفُوتَهُمَا (S, O, K, TA) They two (i. e. two men, S, O) contended together for the thing, or affair, each of them being unwilling that it should become beyond his reach, or attainment. (TA.) And تَشَاحَحَا المَآءَ [or تَشَاحَّاهُ] i. q. تَجَاشَعَاهُ [i. e. They straitened each other in pressing to the water, and vied, each with the other, in endeavouring to satisfy their thirst]. (TA in art. جشع.) R. Q. 1 شَحْشَحَةٌ [inf. n. of شَحْشَحَ] The being cautious, wary, or vigilant; or fearing. (O, K.) b2: The crying of the [bird called] صُرَد. (K.) You say, شَحْشَحَ الصُّرَدُ The صرد uttered its cry. (O, TA.) b3: The camel's reiterating of his voice, [or his being not clear, or his being sparing,] in his braying. (K.) You say of the camel, شَحْشَحَ فِى هَدِيرِهِ [He reiterated his voice, or ] he was not clear, (S,) or he was sparing, (L,) in his braying. (S, L.) b4: And The flying swiftly. (S, K.) نَفْسٌ شَحَّةٌ: see شَحِيحٌ.

أَوْصَى فِى صِحَّتِهِ وَشِحَّتِهِ means [He made his will during his state of soundness, or health, and] in his state of which he is tenacious [or the state which he is reluctant to quit] (فِى حَالِهِ الَّتِى يَشُحُّ عَلَيْهَا). (O, K.) شَحَاحٌ: see the next paragraph in four places.

شَحِيحٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ شَحَاحٌ (S, A, K) and ↓ شَحْشَحٌ and ↓ شَحْشَاحٌ and ↓ شَحْشَحَانٌ, (K,) applied to a man, Niggardly, tenacious, stingy, penurious, or avaricious: (Msb:) or niggardly, &c., as above, in the utmost degree: (TA:) or niggardly, &c., as above, (S, A, K,) and covetous, or vehemently or greedily or excessively or culpably desirous, (K,) or with covetousness, or vehement or greedy or excessive or culpable desire: (S, A:) and ↓ نَفْسٌ شَحَّةٌ signifies the same as شَحِيحَةٌ [a soul that is niggardly, &c.]: (IAar, TA:) the pl. (of شَحِيحٌ, S, Msb) is أَشِحَّةٌ [a pl. of pauc.] (S, A, Msb, K) and شِحَاحٌ (S, A, K) and أَشِحَّآءُ. (Msb, K.) You say, [هُوَ شَحِيحٌ بِشَىْءٍ and] شَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَىْءٍ He is niggardly, &c., of a thing. (L in art. شد.) أَشِحَّةً عَلَى الخَيْرِ, in the Kur [xxxiii. 19], means [They being niggardly, or vehemently desirous, of the good things, i. e.] of the wealth and spoils: (TA:) and أَشِحَّةٌ عَلَيْكُمْ, in the same verse, means [They being niggardly] of aid [to you]. (Jel.) b2: [Hence,] إِبِلٌ شَحَائِحُ, [in which the latter word is pl. of شَحِيحَةٌ,] (O, K,) or شِحَاحٌ, (A,) (tropical:) Camels that yield little milk. (A, O, K, TA.) And ↓ زَنْدٌ شَحَاحٌ (tropical:) A piece of stick, or wood, for producing fire, that does not yield fire. (S, A, K.) And مَآءٌ

↓ شَحَاحٌ (assumed tropical:) Water little in quantity; not copious. (K.) And ↓ أَرْضٌ شَحَاحٌ (assumed tropical:) Land that will not flow with water unless in consequence of much rain; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ شَحْشَحٌ: (O, K:) and also, (ISk, L, TA,) or ↓ the latter word, (so accord. to the K,) (assumed tropical:) Land that flows in consequence of the least rain; (ISk, K, TA;) as though it were niggardly of itself to the water: (TA;) like حَشَادٌ [in this, or in the former, sense]: (ISk, L:) thus having two contr. meanings. (K.) And accord. to AHn, شِحَاحٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) [Small water-courses such as are termed] شِعَاب any one of which is made to flow if a skinful of water is poured into it. (TA.) شَحْشَحٌ: see شَحِيحٌ, in three places. b2: Also Evil in disposition; (O, K;) and so ↓ شَحْشَاحٌ. (TA.) b3: Very jealous; (Fr, S, O, K;) as also ↓ شَحْشَاحٌ and ↓ شَحْشَحَانٌ. (Fr, O, K.) b4: Courageous; (S, K;) and so ↓ شَحْشَاحٌ. (TA.) b5: Also, (S, O, K, TA,) applied alike to a male and to a female, (TA,) and ↓ شَحْشَاحٌ, (K, TA,) or ↓ شَحْشَحَانٌ, (S, * O,) One who keeps, attends, or applies himself, constantly, perseveringly, or assiduously, to a thing: (S, O, K, TA:) who strives, labours, or exerts himself, therein: (TA:) or, as some say, (S, O,) penetrating, sharp, vigorous, or effective, therein: (S, O, TA:) the first, (S, O, K, TA,) and ↓ second, (TA,) applied to an orator, or a preacher, (S, O, K, TA,) in this last sense, (S, O, TA,) or as meaning eloquent (K, TA) and powerful: (TA:) and both, as epithets of general application, penetrating, sharp, vigorous, or effective, in speech, or in going or journeying: the first is also applied to an orator, or a preacher, as meaning skilful: (TA:) and ↓ the last of these three epithets is applied by Dhu-r-Rummeh to a driver of camels, who urges them by singing to them. (S, O, TA.) b6: Also the first, applied to a raven, or crow, (غُرَاب,) That croaks much. (O, K.) b7: and Light, or agile; applied to an ass; as also ↓ شُحْشُحٌ, (O, K,) as some say. (O.) b8: and Swift in flight; applied to a قَطَاة. (S, O, K.) b9: Also, and ↓ شَحْشَحَانٌ, Tall, or long, (Fr, O, K, TA,) and strong. (TA.) b10: And the former, applied to a [desert such as is termed] فَلَاة, Wide; (O, K, TA;) in which the places of alighting are far apart, and in which is no herbage. (TA.) شُحْشُحٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَحْشَاحٌ: see شَحِيحٌ: b2: and see also شَحْشَحٌ, in five places. b3: Also, applied to a woman, Resembling a man in her strength, (O, K,) and her exertion, or energy. (O.) شَحْشَحَانٌ: see شَحِيحٌ: b2: and see also شَحْشَحٌ, in four places.

مُشَحْشَحٌ Niggardly, tenacious, stingy, penurious, or avaricious; [like شَحِيحٌ;] (TA;) possessing little, or no, good. (O, K, TA.)