عق

1 عَقَّ, (Msb, K, TA,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. عَقٌّ, (Mgh, O, Msb, TA,) He clave, split, slit, ripped, or rent; (Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA;) and he cut. (Mgh, O, TA.) You say, عَقَّ ثَوْبَهُ He slit, ripped, or rent, his garment. (Msb.) and عُقَّتْ تَمِيمَتُهُ فِى بَنِى فُلَانٍ [His amulet was cut off among the sons of such a one]; said of a boy when he has attained to the prime of manhood, and become strong, with a tribe; originating from the fact that as long as the boy was an infant, his mother hung upon him amulets to preserve him from the evil eye; and when he became full-grown, they were cut off from him: whence the saying of a poet, بِلَادٌ بِهَا عَقَّ الشَّبَابُ تَمِيمَتِى

وَأَوَّلُ أَرْضٍ مَسَّ جِلْدِى تُرَابُهَا [A country in which the attaining to the prime of manhood cut off my amulet, and the first land of which the dust touched my skin]. (TA.) b2: and [hence,] عَقَّتِ الرِّيحُ المُزْنَ, aor. and inf. n. as above, The wind drew forth a shower of fine rain from the مزن [or clouds containing water]; as though it rent them. (TA.) And عُقَّتِ السَّحَابَةُ The cloud poured forth its water; [as though it were rent;] and ↓ اِنْعَقَّت [means the same]; (TA;) and ↓ اعتقّت [likewise]. (O.) b3: and عَقَّ عَنْ وَلَدِهِ, (S, Msb,) or عَنِ المَوْلُودِ, (K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb, TA) and عَقِّ, (TA,) inf. n. عَقٌّ, (S, Msb,) He slaughtered as a sacrifice (S, Msb, K, TA) for his child, (S, Msb,) or for the new-born child, (K,) a sheep or goat, (T, Msb, TA,) [generally the latter,] on the seventh day after the birth. (T, S, Msb, TA.) And He shaved the [hair termed] عَقِيقَة [q. v.] (S, TA) of his child, (S,) or of the new-born child. (TA.) b4: And عَقَّ بِالسَّهْمِ He shot the arrow towards the sky; and that arrow was called عَقِيقَةٌ; (S, O, K;) and it was the arrow of self-excuse: they used to do thus in the Time of Ignorance [on the occasion of a demand for blood-revenge]; and if the arrow returned smeared with blood, they were not content save with the retaliation of slaughter; but if it returned clean, they stroked their beards, and made reconciliation on the condition of the bloodwit; the stroking of the beards being a sign of reconciliation: the arrow, however, as IAar says, did not [ever] return otherwise than clean: (S, O:) the origin was this: a man of the tribe was slain, and the slayer was prosecuted for his blood; whereupon a company of the chief men [of the family of the slayer] collected themselves together to the heirs [who claimed satisfaction for the blood] of the slain, and offered the bloodwit, asking forgiveness for the blood; and if the heir [who claimed satisfaction and who acted for himself and his coheirs] was a strong man, impatient of injury, he refused to take the bloodwit; but if weak, he consulted the people of his tribe, and then said to the petitioners, “We have, between us and our Creator, a sign denoting command and prohibition: we take an arrow, and set it on a bow, and shoot it towards the sky; and if it return to us smeared with blood, we are forbidden to take the bloodwit, and are not content save with the retaliation of slaughter; but if it return clean, as it went up, we are commanded to take the bloodwit: ” so they made reconciliation; for this arrow never returned otherwise than clean; and thus they had an excuse in the opinion of the ignorant of them. (L, TA.) A poet (S, O, TA) of the family of the slain, said by some to be of Hudheyl, by IB to be El-As'ar El-Joafee, who was absent from this reconciliation, (TA,) says, عَقُّوا بِسَهْمٍ ثُمَّ قَالُوا صَالِحُوا يَا لَيْتَنِى فِى القَوْمِ إِذْ مَسَحُوا الِلُّحَى

[They shot an arrow towards the sky; them they said, “Make ye reconciliation: ” would that I were among the party when they stroked the beards]: (S, O, TA:) or, as some relate it, the first word is عَقَّوْا, with fet-h to the ق; which belongs to the class of unsound verbs [i. e. to art. عقى]. (S, O.) b5: One says also, عَقَّ وَالِدَهُ, (S, O, K,) or أَبَاهُ, (Msb,) aor. ـُ (S, O, Msb,) inf. n. عُقُوقٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and مَعَقَّةٌ (S, O, K) and عَقٌّ, (TA,) He was undutiful, disobedient, refractory, or ill-mannered, to his parent, or father; contr. of بَرَّهُ; (K;) he broke his compact of obedience to his parent, or father; (TA;) he disobeyed his father; and failed, or neglected, to behave to him in a good, or comely, manner. (Msb.) And عَقَّ الرَّحِمَ, (TA, and Ham p. 93,) like قَطَعَهَا [i. e. He severed the tie, or ties, of relationship, by unkind behaviour to his kindred]. (Ham ib.) and عَقَّ [alone], aor. ـُ inf. n. عُقُوقٌ, [He was undutiful, &c.; or he acted undutifully, &c.; or] he contravened, or opposed, him whom he was under an obligation to obey. (Har p. 158.) عُقُوقُ الوَالِدَيْنِ [Undutiful treatment, &c., of the two parents] is said in a trad. to be one of the great sins. (O.) And it is said in a prov., العُقُوقُ

أَحَدُ الثُّكْلَيْنِ [Undutiful treatment of a parent is one of the two sorts of being bereft of a child]: or, as some relate it, العُقُوقُ ثُكْلُ مَنْ لَمْ يَثْكَلْ [Undutiful treatment of a parent is (like) the bereavement of him who is not (really) bereft of his child]: i. e. he whom his children have treated undutifully (مِنْ عَقَّهُ وَلَدُهُ) is as though he were bereft of his children although they are living. (O.) [See also 3: and 4.] b6: Hence, from عُقُوقُ الوَالِدَيْنِ, the verb is metaphorically used in the saying, in a trad., مَثَلُكُمْ وَمَثَلُ عَائِشَةَ مَثَلُ العَيْنِ فِى الرَّأْسِ تُؤْذِى صَاحِبَهَا وَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَعُقَّهَا إِلَّا بِالَّذِى هُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهَا (tropical:) [The similitude of you and of 'Áïsheh is that of the eye in the head, when it hurts its owner, and he cannot treat it severely save with that which is good for it: app. meaning that her severity was for the good of the objects thereof]. (TA.) A2: عَقَّ, intrans., said of lightning: see 7.

A3: عَقَّتْ said of a mare, and of an ass: see 4.

A4: عَقَّتِ الدَّلْوُ, inf. n. عَقُّ, means The bucket came up full from the well; and some of the Arabs say عَقَّت as having تَعْقِيَةٌ for its inf. n.; but it is [said to be] originally ↓ عَقَّقَت, the third ق being changed into ى, [which is then in this case suppressed,] like as they said تَظَنَّيْتُ from الظَّنُّ: [it is, however, mentioned in the TA in art. عقو also, and there expl. as meaning it rose in the well turning round: and from what here follows, it appears to mean it rose swiftly, cleaving the air:] a poet, cited by IAar, says, of a bucket, عَقَّتْ كَمَا عَقَّتْ دَلُوفُ العِقْبَانٌ meaning It clave [the air of] the well, rising swiftly, like the hastening of the swift eagle in its flight towards the prey. (TA in the present art.) 2 عَقَّّ see above, last sentence.3 عَاقَقْتُ فُلَانًا, aor. ـَ inf. n. عِقَاقٌ, I contravened, or opposed, such a one. (TA.) [See also عَقَّ وَالِدَهُ, in the latter half of the first paragraph.]4 اعقّ فُلَانٌ i. q. جَآءَ بِالعُقُوقِ [i. e. Such a one did that which was an act of undutifulness, disobedience, refractoriness, or ill manners, to his father or the like]. (S, TA.) [See also عَقَّ وَالِدَهُ, in the latter half of the first paragraph.] b2: and you say, مَا أَعَقَّهُ لِوَالِدِهِ [How undutiful, disobedient, refractory, or ill-mannered, is he to his father!]. (TA.) A2: اعقّت She (a mare, S, O, K, and an ass, TA) conceived, or became pregnant; (S, O, K;) or she did not conceive, or become pregnant, after having been covered by the stallion, or during a year or two years or some years; (K;) and ↓ عَقَّتْ, aor. ـِ (O, K, TA,) the verb being of the class of ضَرَبَ, (TA,) inf. n. عَقَاقٌ and عَقَقٌ (O, K, TA) and عُقُوقٌ, (CK, but not in other copies,) signifies the same, (O, * K, TA,) said of a mare, (O, K,) and of an ass; (O;) or عَقَاقٌ signifies pregnancy itself, as also عِقَاقٌ, (K,) and عَقَقٌ; (S, O;) or عَقَّتْ signifies she became pregnant; and اعقّت, the [hair called] عَقِيقَة grew in her belly upon the young one that she bore. (TA.) b2: Also It (a palm-tree, and a grape-vine) put forth what are termed عِقَّان [q. v.]. (S, O, K.) A3: اعقّهُ He made it bitter; (S, O, K;) namely, water; said of God; like اقعّهُ. (S, O.) and اعقّت الأَرْضُ المَآءَ The earth made the water bitter. (TA.) 7 انعقّ It became cloven, split, slit, ripped, or rent; or it clave, split, &c.; said of anything; (S, O, K, TA;) mentioned by Th as said of a garment. (TA.) b2: انعقّت السَّحَابَهُ The cloud became rent with the water. (S, O, K.) See also 1, first quarter. [And see 8.] b3: انعقّ البَرْقُ and ↓ عَقَّ [of which latter the aor. is probably يَعَقُّ, and the inf. n. عَقَقٌ, said in the K to mean اِنْشِقَاقٌ,] signify تَشَقَّقَ and اِنْشَقَّ [as though meaning The lightning became cloven]; (TA;) [but] the former is expl. as signifying the lightning was, or became, in a state of commotion (تَضَرَّبَ) in the clouds. (S, O.) [Another meaning is suggested by an explanation of عَقِيقَةٌ (q. v.) in relation to lightning.] b4: انعقّ الغُبَارُ i. q. سَطَعَ [app. as meaning The dust spread, or diffused itself]: (IF, O, K:) or اِنْشَقَّ وَسَطَعَ [became cleft, and diffused itself]. (TA.) b5: انعقّ الوَادِى The valley was, or became, deep. (TA.) A2: انعقّت العُقْدَةُ The knot became strongly, or firmly, tied. (O, * K, * TA.) 8 اعتقّ السَّحَابُ The clouds became rent, (K, TA,) and their water poured forth. (TA.) See also 1, first quarter. [And see 7.]

A2: اعتقّ السَّيْفَ He drew the sword (O, K) from its scabbard. (O.) A3: And اعتقّ [probably from عَقَّ بِالسَّهْمِ, q. v.,] He exceeded the due bounds, or was immoderate, in excusing himself. (TA.) R. Q. 1 عَقْعَقَ بِصَوْتِهِ, (O, TA,) inf. n. عَقْعَقَةٌ, (S, O,) said of the عَقْعَق [or magpie], It uttered a [kind of chattering] cry, (S, * O, TA,) resembling the sound of ع and ق [or the repeated sound of عَقْ]; (O, TA;) whence its name: and said of a bird [that utters a cry of this kind] when it comes and goes. (TA.) b2: And عَقْعَقَةٌ signifies also The shaking, or being in a state of commotion, [so as to produce a kind of crackling, or rustling, sound,] of paper, and of a new garment; like قَعْقَعَةٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) عَقٌّ Any cleft, or furrow, and any hole, in sand &c. (S, TA.) See also عَقَّةٌ.

A2: Also i. q. عَاقٌّ, q. v. (O, K.) A3: مَآءٌ عَقٌّ: see عُقٌّ.

مَآءٌ عُقٌّ, with damm, (K, TA,) or ↓ عَقٌّ, (thus written in my copies of the S and in the O,) and ↓ عُقَاقٌ, (O, K, TA,) Bitter water: (S, O, K:) or intensely bitter water: used alike as sing. and pl.: (TA:) like قُعٌّ, (TA,) or قَعٌّ, (S, O,) and قُعَاعٌ. (O, TA.) عِقٌّ: see what next follows.

عَقَّةٌ A deep excavation, hollow, cavity, trench, or the like, in the ground; (K, TA;) as also ↓ عِقٌّ, accord. to the K, there said to be with kesr, but correctly ↓ عَقٌّ, with fet-h, [q. v.,] which signifies an elongated excavation in the ground, and is originally an inf. n.; thus in the L. (TA.) b2: And A blaze of lightning extending in an elongated form in the sky, (IDrd, O, K,) or in the side of the clouds, (A, TA,) and said to be as though it were a drawn sword. (TA.) [See also عَقِيقَةٌ.]

عُقَّةٌ A certain thing with which boys play. (L, K, TA.) عِقَّةٌ: see عَقِيقَةٌ, in the former half.

عَقَقٌ: see عَقَاقٌ. b2: It is said in the K to be syn. with عَاقٌّ; but in this sense the correct word is عُقَقٌ. (TA.) عُقَقٌ: see عُقِيقَةٌ, latter half: A2: and see also عَاقٌّ, in two places.

عُقُقٌ, as a sing. and as a pl.: see عَاقٌّ.

عَقَاقٌ is an inf. n. of عَقَّتْ said of a mare (O, K) and of an ass: (O:) or it signifies Pregnancy (AA, S, K) itself; (K;) as also ↓ عِقَاقٌ, (K,) and ↓ عَقَقٌ [which is likewise said to be an inf. n. of عَقَّتْ]. (S.) You say, أَظْهَرَتِ الأَتَانُ عَقَاقًا The she-ass manifested pregnancy. (AA, S, O.) b2: And, accord. to Esh-Shafi'ee, An embryo; or a fœtus. (TA.) A2: عَقَاقِ, like قَطَامِ, [indecl.,] is a [proper] name for العُقُوقُ [Undutifulness, disobedience, refractoriness, or ill manners, to a parent, or the like]: (K, TA:) mentioned by IB, and in the O. (TA.) عُقَاقٌ, applied to water: see عُقٌّ.

عِقَاقٌ: see عَقَاقٌ.

عَقُوقٌ, applied to a mare, (S, O, K, TA,) and to an ass, (TA,) Pregnant: (S, O, K:) or not pregnant after having been covered by the stallion, or during a year or two years or some years; (K;) or it signifies thus also; (O;) having two contr. meanings; (K;) or it is applied to one in the latter state as implying a presage of good; (O, K;) so says AHát; (O, TA;) i. e., as though they meant that she would become pregnant: (TA:) it is extr.; [as being from أَعَقَّتْ;] and one should not say ↓ مُعِقٌّ; or this is a bad dial. var.; (S, O, K;) or, accord. to AA, it is from اعقّت, and عَقُوقٌ is from عَقَّتْ: (TA:) the pl. is عُقُقٌ, and عِقَاقٌ is a pl. pl., (S, O, K,) i. e. pl. of عُقُقٌ. (S, O.) It is said in a prov., طَلَبَ الأَبْلَقَ العَقُوقَ, meaning He sought an impossible thing; because ابلق is applied to a male, and عقوق means pregnant: (S, O, and K in art. بلق) or الابلق العقوق means the dawn, because it breaks, lit, cleaves. (O, and K in art. بلق.) b2: نَوَى

العَقُوقِ means Date-stones that are easily broken, (Lth, S, O, K,) soft to be chewed; (Lth, O, K;) which are given as provender to camels, (S,) or to the pregnant thereof, in consideration of her state, wherefore they are thus called; and which are eaten, or chewed, by the old woman; but this is of the speech of the people of El Basrah, and not known by the Arabs in their desert: (Lth, O:) and sometimes they called a single date-stone of this sort ↓ عَقِيقَةٌ. (S.) A2: See also عَاقٌّ.

عَقِيقٌ Cleft, split, slit, ripped, or rent; and cut; as also ↓ مَعْقُوقٌ. (TA.) b2: And [hence] Any channel which the water of a torrent has cloven (S, O, Msb, * K) of old (Msb) and made wide: (S, O:) and a valley: (O, K:) pl. أَعِقَّةٌ (S, O, Msb, K, TA) and عَقَائِقُ. (TA.) And عَقَائِقُ signifies also Pools of water in cleft furrows: (AHn, TA:) and some say, red sands. (TA.) b3: See also عَقِيقَةٌ, in two places.

A2: Also [Carnelian;] a species of فُصُوص [or stones that are set in rings]; (S;) a sort of stone, (Msb,) or red خَرَز [meaning precious stones], (O, K,) of which فُصُوص are made; (O, Msb;) existing in ElYemen, (K, TA,) near to Esh-Shihr, said by Et-Teefáshee to be brought from mines thereof at San'à, (TA,) and on the shores of the Sea of Roomeeyeh; one kind thereof is of a turbid appearance, like water running from salted flesh-meat, and having in it faint white lines, (K, TA,) and this, Et-Teefáshee says, is what is known by the appellation الرطبى [so in my original]; the best kind is the red; then, the yellow; then, the white; and the other kinds are bad: or, as some say, the streaked (المُشَطَّب) is the best: (TA:) [I omit some absurd assertions in the K and TA respecting various virtues supposed to be possessed by this stone:] the n. un. is with ة: and the pl. is عَقَائِقُ. (O, K.) [العَقِيقُ اليَمَانِىُّ is an appel-lation applied by some to The agate.]

عَقِيقَةٌ [a subst. from عَقِيقٌ, made so by the affix ة. Hence, because cleft, or furrowed, in the earth,] A river, or rivulet. (IAar, O, K.) b2: And A fillet, or bandage, (عِصَابَةٌ,) at the time of its being rent from a garment, or piece of cloth. (IAar, O, K.) b3: And The prepuce of a boy (AO, IAar, O, K) when he is circumcised. (TA.) b4: And [app. because made of cut pieces of skin,] A [leathern water-bag such as is commonly called]

مَزَادَة. (IAar, O, K.) b5: Also The wool of a جَذَع [or sheep in or before its second year]: (S, O, K, TA:) that of a ثَنِىّ [or sheep in its third year] is called جَنِيبَةٌ: (TA:) and the hair of a young one recently born, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA,) that comes forth upon his head in his mother's belly, (TA,) of human beings, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA,) because it is cut off on his seventh day, (Mgh,) and of others, (Msb,) [i. e.] of beasts likewise; (S, O, K, TA;) as also ↓ عَقِيقٌ and ↓ عِقَّةٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) but A 'Obeyd says that he had not heard this last except in relation to human beings and asses: (S, O, K: *) its pl. (i. e. the pl. of عِقَّةٌ) is عِقَقٌ: (O, K:) [the pl. of عَقِيقَةٌ and عَقِيقٌ is عَقَائِقُ: a law of the Sunneh requires that the عَقِيقَة of an infant should be weighed, and its weight in silver be given to the poor: (and Herodotus, in ii. 65, mentions a similar custom as obtaining among the Ancient Egyptians:)] when the hair has once fallen from the young [by its being cut], the term عَقِيقَةٌ ceases to be applied to it: so says Lth: (O, TA:) but it occurs in a trad. applied to hair as being likened to the hair of a recently-born infant. (TA.) b6: Hence, (S, O,) it is applied also to The sheep, or goat, [generally the latter,] that is slaughtered (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) as a sacrifice for the recentlyborn infant (S, Mgh, Msb) on the occasion of the shaving of the infant's hair (O, K) on the seventh day after his birth, (S, Msb,) and of which the limbs are divided, and cooked with water and salt, and given as food to the poor: (Lth, TA:) Z holds it to be thus called from the same word as applied to the hair: but it is said [by some] to be so called because it is slaughtered by cutting the windpipe and gullet and the two external jugular veins: (TA:) the Prophet disallowed this appellation, (Mgh, Msb,) as being of evil omen, (Mgh,) or as though he saw them to regard it as of evil omen, (Msb,) and desired them to use نَسِيكَةٌ in its stead; (Mgh, Msb, TA;) saying I like not العُقُوق. (TA.) b7: عَقِيقَةُ البَرْقِ signifies What remains [for an instant] in the clouds, of the rays, or beams, of lightning; (Lth, O, K;) as also ↓ العُقَقُ; (K;) which, as well as العَقِيقَةُ, is also expl. as meaning lightning which one sees in the midst of the clouds, resembling a drawn sword: (TA:) or عَقِيقَةُ البَرْقِ signifies lightning in a state of commotion in the clouds: (S, O:) or lightning extending in an elongated form in the side, or breadth, of the clouds: (TA:) or lightning that cleaves the clouds, and extends high, into the midst of the sky, without going to the right and left: (S in art. خفو:) or, as expl. by Aboo-Sa'eed, a flash of lightning that has spread in the horizon: (O, voce شَقِيقَةٌ:) a sword is likened thereto: (S, O, K:) and [the pl.] عَقَائِقُ is a name for swords: (O, K:) ↓ عَقِيقٌ, also, signifies lightning. (TA.) b8: And عَقِيقَةٌ signifies also An arrow shot towards the sky; (S, O, K;) the arrow of self-excuse; which was used in the manner described in the explanation of the phrase عَقَّ بِالسَّهْمِ [q. v.]. (S, O.) b9: See also عَقُوقٌ, last signification.

سَحَابَةٌ عَقَّاقَةٌ A cloud pouring forth its water: (TA:) or a cloud much rent by water. (T, TA voce هَيْدَبٌ.) عِقَّانٌ Shoots that come forth from the أُصُول [meaning trunks, or stems,] of palm-trees and of grape-vines; (S, O, K;) and which, if not cut off, cause the اصول to become vitiated, or unsound. (S, O.) [See also صُنْبُورٌ: and see عَوَاقٌّ, below.]

عَقْعَقٌ [The magpie, corvus pica; so called in the present day;] a certain bird, (S, O, Msb, K,) well known, (S, O,) of the size of the pigeon, (Msb,) party-coloured, black and white, (O, Msb, K,) having a long tail, (O, Msb,) said by Is-hák El-Mowsilee to be the same that is called شَجَجَى, (Th, IB, TA,) a species of crow, (IAth, Msb, TA,) wherefore it is said in a trad. that the man in the state of إِحْرَام may kill it; (IAth, TA;) its cry resembles the sound of ع and ق [or the repeated sound of عَقْ]; (O, K;) and the Arabs regard it as an evil omen. (Msb.) [See also صُرَدٌ.]

عَاقٌّ Undutiful, disobedient, refractory, or illmannered, to his parent, or father; (S, * O, * K;) breaking, or one who breaks, his compact of obedience to his parent, or father; (TA;) disobeying, or disobedient to, his father; and failing, or neglecting, to behave to him in a good, or comely, manner; (Msb;) [and severing, or one who severs, the tie, or ties, of relationship, by unkind behaviour to his kindred; (see its verb;)] and ↓ عَقٌّ signifies the same; (O, K;) as also ↓ عُقَقٌ, (S, O, TA,) but in an intensive sense, altered from عَاقٌّ, like غُدَر and فُسَق from غَادِر and فَاسِق, in the K erroneously said to be عَقَقٌ; (TA;) and ↓ عُقُقٌ; (L, and TA as from the K, but not in my MS. copy of the K nor in the CK;) which last signifies also [as a pl.] men severing, or who sever, the ties of relationship, by unkind behaviour to their kindred; and also remote, or distant, enemies: (TA:) [and ↓ عَقُوقٌ is app. used (as Freytag asserts it to be) in the sense of عَاقٌّ in the Fákihet el-Khulatà, p. 55, 1. 7 from the bottom:] the pl. of عَاقٌّ is عَقَقَةٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) like كَفَرَةٌ, (S,) and عُقَّقٌ, like رُكَّعٌ, a form used by Ru-beh, (O,) and أَعِقَّةٌ, which is an extr. [meaning anomalous] pl. (Ham p. 93.) ↓ ذُقٌ عُقَقُ, (S, O,) in a trad., (S,) said by Aboo-Sufyán to Hamzeh on the day of Ohod, when he passed by him slain, (S, * O,) means ذُقٌ جَزَآءَ فِعْلِكَ [Taste thou the recompense of thy deed], (S,) or ذُقِ القَتْلَ [taste thou slaughter], (O,) يَا عَاقُّ [O undutiful, &c.; or, accord. to the explanation in the TA mentioned above, عُقَقُ, for يَا عُقَقُ, means O very undutiful, &c.]. (S, O.) عَوَاقُّ النَّخْلِ The shoots, or offsets, of the palmtrees, that grow forth therewith. (O, K.) [See also عِقَّانٌ.]

أَعَقُّ مِنْ ضَبٍّ [More undutiful, &c., to kindred, than a lizard of the species called ضبّ] is a prov. [mentioned, but not expl., in the O]: IAar says, the female [of the ضبّ] is meant; and its عُقُوق consists in its eating its young ones. (TA.) [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 152-3. And see an ex. of أَعَقُّ in a verse cited in art. زهد, conj. 2.]

مُعِقٌّ: see عَقُوقٌ.

مَعْقُوقٌ: see عَقِيقٌ, first sentence.

حت

1 حَتَّهُ, (A, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـُ (Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. حَتٌّ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) He scraped it, or rubbed it, off, (Az, Mgh, Msb, TA, and Ham p. 310,) or rubbed it and scraped it off, (A, K,) or scraped it off by little and little, (Az, TA,) namely, a thing, (TA,) as, for instance, blood, (A, TA,) or semen, (S, A,) or something dry, (Ham ubi suprà,) from a garment, (S, A, Ham, TA,) or the like, (S, Ham,) with the hand, or with a stick, or piece of wood, (Mgh, Ham,) or with the end of a stone or of a stick or piece of wood. (Az, Msb.) And حَتَّ الوَرَقَ, (A, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (S, Msb,) He removed the leaves [by rubbing or scraping], (Msb,) from a branch, (S,) or from trees. (A.) b2: Hence, حَتَّ اللّٰهُ مَالَهُ, (A, TA,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) (tropical:) God destroyed, or may God destroy, his property: (A:) or God caused his property to pass away, and so reduced him to poverty; or may God cause &c. (TA.) b3: And حَتَّهُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ, (A, * TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) (tropical:) He repelled him, drove him back, or turned him back, from the thing. (A, * TA.) b4: حَتَّهُ مِائَةَ دِرْهَمٍ (tropical:) He payed him hastily a hundred dirhems. (A, TA. *) And حَتَّهُ مِائَةَ سَوْطٍ (tropical:) He inflicted upon him hastily a hundred lashes with a whip. (S, A.) b5: حَتَّ الشَّىْءَ i. q. حَطَّهُ [He put the thing; put it down; &c.]. (K.) A2: See also 6.4 احتّ It (the kind of tree called أَرْطَى) dried, or dried up. (K.) 6 تحاتّ It became rubbed and scraped off; as also ↓ انحتّ: (K:) it (a thing) became scattered, strewn, or dispersed; or became so by degrees, part after part; syn. تَنَاثَرَ. (S.) and تحاتّ الوَرَقُ, (A, TA,) or تَحَاتَّت; (K;) and ↓ انحتّ, (A,) or انحتّت; (K;) and ↓ حَتَّت, (K,) [aor., app., حَتِّ, the verb being intrans.,] inf. n. حَتٌّ; (TA;) and ↓ تَحَتْحَتَت; (K;) The leaves became rubbed and scraped off: (A:) or fell (K) from the branch &c.: or fell successively, one after another. (TA.) And تحاتّت الشَّجَرَةُ The tree shed its leaves, one after another. (Msb.) And شَعَرُهُ عَنْ رَأْسِهِ ↓ انحت His hair fell off from his head. (TA.) And تحاتّت أَسْنَانُهُ His teeth fell out, one after another. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] تحاتّت ذُنُوبُهُ (assumed tropical:) His sins fell from him. (TA, from a trad.) 7 إِنْحَتَ3َ see 6, in three places. R. Q. 1 حَتْحَتَ: see حَتْحَتَةٌ R. Q. 2 see 6.

حَتِّ (indecl., with kesr for its termination, TA) A cry by which birds are chidden. (K.) حَتٌّ: see حُتَات. b2: Also Dead; [as though strewn upon the ground, in fragments;] applied to locusts (جَرَاد): pl. أَحْتَاتٌ; (K;) its only pl. (MF.) [Hence, app.,] تَرَكُوهُمْ حَتًّا بَتًّا and حَتًّا فَتًّا (tropical:) They destroyed them. (A, TA.) b3: Dates (تَمْر) not sticking together. (K, * TA.) [See also حُثٌّ.]

b4: (tropical:) A fleet, or swift, horse; (S, A;) as though he scraped the ground; (A;) light in pace, and wide in step: pl. as above: (S:) or a fleet, or swift, and excellent horse; (K;) that runs swiftly and much, or that furrows the ground much with his feet: (TA:) also generous and high-bred (كَرِيمٌ عَتِيقٌ [app. as applied to a horse]): (K:) and a fleet, or swift, camel: (K:) a quick-paced and light-paced camel; as also ↓ حَتْحَتٌ: (TA:) and a male ostrich. (K.) The Hudhalee says, (S,) namely, El-Aalam, (TA,) على حَتِّ البُرَايَةِ زَمْخَرِىِّ السْ سَوَاعِدِ ظَلَّ فِى شَرْىٍ طِوَالِ (S, TA:) he likens himself, says As, in his running and fleeing, to a male ostrich, as is shown by what precedes this verse: (S:) by حتّ البراية is said to be meant حَتٍّ عِنْدَ البُرَايَةِ, i. e. (tropical:) fleet, or swift, when emaciated by journeying; the subst.

براية being said to be put for the inf. n. بَرْى: (A, * L:) some of the Basrees say that the poet means a camel; but As disapproves of this, because to that which he here describes he has before applied the epithet هِجَفّ: ISd says that in his opinion he likens his horse or his camel to a male ostrich, because of the epithet هجفّ, preceding, and because neither the horse nor the camel eats the colocynth, but this plant is cropped by ostriches; شرى meaning the colocynth: IJ says that شرى here signifies a tree of which bows are made; and the poet means that if the trees thus called are tall, they conceal him, and he is the more lonesome, or sad; and that if they were short, his eye would range freely, and he would be pleased, and would run gently. (L.) A2: See also حَتَّى, near the end of the paragraph.

حُتٌّ, applied to سوِيق, i. q. مَلْتُوتٌ [i. e. Moistened, or stirred about, with water, &c.]. (K.) [See also حُثٌّ.]

حَتَتٌ A disease that affects trees, in consequence of which their leaves fall off. (TA.) حتّه [app. حِتَّةٌ, as pronounced in the present day; pl. حِتَتٌ; now applied to A bit of anything; properly, a paring, or scraping;] a piece of peel or bark or crust or the like. (TA.) حَتَاتٌ Cries, shouts, noises, or clamour; or a confusion, or mixture, of cries or shouts or noises, or of crying or shouting or noise. (K.) حُتَاتٌ What is rubbed and scraped off; or what becomes scattered, strewn, or dispersed; or what becomes so by degrees, part after part; of a thing. (S, TA.) A word of this class generally ends with ة; (TA;) [as قُلَامَةٌ and نُجَارَةٌ &c.; but ↓ حُتَاتَهٌ seems to be also used in the same sense: and hence the phrase,] مَافِى يَدِى مِنْهُ حُتَاتَهٌ, so in the A, but in the K ↓ حَتٌّ, (TA,) There is not aught of it in my hand. (A, K, TA.) b2: Also A disease that attacks the camel, so that he becomes emaciated, and his flesh and fat and colour change, and his hair falls off. (TA.) حَتُوتٌ A palm-tree of which the full-grown unripe dates fall off and become scattered, one after another; as also ↓ مِحْتَاتٌ: (K:) and the latter, a tree that scatters its leaves. (TA.) حُتَاتَةٌ: see حُتَاتٌ.

حَتَّى is a particle, used in three senses: (Mughnee:) it is a particle denoting the end of an extent; (Mughnee, K;) which is its predominant meaning; (Mughnee;) asserted by some to be always its meaning: (TA:) and denoting a cause, or motive: and syn. with إِلَّا as an exceptive; (Mughnee, K;) which last is the rarest, and is mentioned by few. (Mughnee.) b2: It is used as a preposition governing the gen. case, in the same manner as إِلَى (S, Mughnee) in respect of meaning and government, (Mughnee,) denoting the end of an extent; (S;) [signifying To, till, until, or to the time of;] but the word that it so governs must be a noun properly so called, not a pronoun except in a case of poetic license; and must signify the last part, or portion, of what is signified by that which precedes حتّى, as in the saying, أَكَلْتُ السَّمَكَةَ حَتَّى رَأْسِهَا [I ate the fish, even to its head]; or must be prefixed to the word signifying that part, or portion, as in the saying, [in the Kur xcvii. last verse,] سَلَامٌ هِىَ حَتَّى مَطْلَعِ الفَجْرِ [A night of peace, or of salutation, is it, until the time of the rising of the dawn]. (Mughnee.) It is also followed by a mansoob aor. , as in سِرْتُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلَهَا [I journeyed until I entered it, ادخلها here virtually meaning دَخَلْتُهَا], أَنْ being here understood after حتّى, and the ان together with the verb being rendered in grammatical analysis by an inf. n. governed in the gen. case by حتّى

[so that حتّى ان ادخلها means حتّى دُخُولِى إِيَّاهَا]: this is one of the cases in which حتّى differs from إِلَى; for one may not say, سِرْتُ إِلَى أَدْخُلَهَا [with أَنْ understood after الى]: and in the same sense it is used in the phrase, [in the Kur xx. 93,] حَتَّى

يَرْجِعَ إِلَيْنَا مُوسَى [Until Moses return to us]. (Mughnee.) b3: It is also syn. with كَىْ, denoting a cause or motive [of action &c., signifying To the end that, in order that, or so that], as in the saying, أَسْلِمْ حَتَّى تَدْخُلَ الجَنَّةَ [Become a Muslim, to the end that, or in order that, or so that, thou mayest enter Paradise]; being in this case, likewise, followed by a mansoob aor. (Mughnee.) b4: It is also used [as a preposition virtually governing the gen. case, أَنْ being understood after it,] in the sense of إِلَّا, meaning Except, or unless, likewise followed by a mansoob aor. , as in the following verse: لَيْسَ العَطَآءُ مِنَ الفُضُولِ سَمَاحَةً

حَتَّى تَجُودَ وَمَا لَدَيْكَ قَلِيلُ [The giving of superfluities is not liberality: (giving is not liberality) except, or unless, (or here we may also say until,) thou be bountiful when little is in thy possession]. (Mughnee.) b5: It is also a conjunction, like وَ, [signifying And, or rather even,] (S, Mughnee,) but on three conditions: first, that the word following it and conjoined by it be a noun properly so called, not a pronoun: secondly, that this noun signify a part, or portion, of what is signified by that which precedes حتّى, as in قَدِمَ الحُجَّاجُ حَتَّى

المُشَاةُ [The pilgrims arrived: even those on foot], and أَكَلْتُ السَّمَكَةَ حَتّى رَأْسَهَا [I ate the fish: even its head]: thirdly, that the noun following it and conjoined by it denote either the greatest or the least [literally or figuratively] of what are included in the signification of the noun that precedes حتّى, as in مَاتَ النَّاسُ حَتَّى الأَنْبِيَآءُ [Men have died: even the prophets], and زَارَكَ النَّاسُ حَتَّى

الحَجَّامُونَ [The people visited thee: even the cuppers]. (Mughnee.) b6: It is also used as an inceptive particle, (S, Mughnee,) preceding a nominal proposition, (Mughnee,) as in the following verse (of Jereer [so in a copy of the S]): فَمَا زَالَتِ القَتْلَى تَمُجَّ دِمَآءَهَا بِدِجْلَةَ حَتَّى مَآءُ دِجْلَةَ أَشْكَلُ [And the slain ceased not to emit their blood into the Tigris, so that the water of the Tigris was of a mixed colour consisting of red and white]: (S, Mughnee:) and preceding a verbal proposition, of which the verb is a pret., as in the phrase, [in the Kur vii. 93,] حَتَّى عَفَوْا وَقَالُوا [So that they became numerous, and said]: (Mughnee:) and preceding a marfooa aor. , as in the phrase, [in the Kur ii. 210,] حَتَّى يَقُولُ الرَّسُولُ [So that the Apostle said, or, as in the S, so that this was the case: the Apostle said], accord. to him who reads يَقُولُ; (IHsh, in De Sacy's “ Anthol. Gramm. Ar.,” p. 82 of the Arabic text;) others reading يَقُولَ, which, as well as يَقُولُ, here means قَالَ. (Jel.) b7: [Respecting the cases in which the mansoob aor. is used after حاّى, and those in which the marfooa aor. is used, the following observations are made.] When حتّى precedes a future, the latter is mansoob, by reason of أَنْ understood before it, as in the saying, سِرْتُ إِلى

الكُوفَةِ حَتَّى أَدْخُلَهَا [I journeyed to El-Koofeh until I entered it: see above]: (S:) it is not mansoob unless the verb is a future: if it is future with respect to the time of speaking, it must be mansoob, as in حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إِلَيْنَا مُوسَى

[cited above]: if the verb is future with respect to what precedes, only, it may be mansoob, as in حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّسُولُ [mentioned above]; or it may be marfooa; but not unless [somehow] denoting a present time; (Mughnee;) and if present with respect to the time of speaking, it must be marfooa, as in the saying, سِرْتُ إِلَى الكُوفَةِ حَتَّى أَدْخُلُهَا [I have journeyed to El-Koofeh so that now I am entering it]; (S, Mughnee; *) but if not really present, it is not marfooa unless denoting a past event as though it were present, as in حَتَّى يَقُولُ الرَّسُولُ [explained above]; nor may it be marfooa unless denoting an effect of what precedes it; so that you may not say, سِرْتُ حَتَّى تَطْلُعُ الشَّمْسُ, nor مَا سِرْتُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلُهَا unless the ما is regarded as prefixed to the entire affirmative phrase that follows it, nor هَلْ سِرْتَ حَتَّى تَدْخُلُهَا; nor may it be marfooa unless it denote a complement to what precedes it, so that you may not say سيْرى

حَتَّى أَدْخُلُهَا, as the inchoative would in this case be without an enunciative. (Mughnee.) b8: [The following verse of El-Farezdak is cited in the Mughnee as an ex. of حتّى used as an inceptive particle: فَوَاعَجَبَا حَتَّى كُلَيْبٌ تَسُبُّنِى

كَأَنَّ أَبَاهَا نَهْشَلٌ وَمُجَاشِعُ and it is there added that يَسُبُّنِى النَّاسُ must be understood in this verse before حتّى: but I rather think that حتّى is here a conjunctive particle, and that the meaning is, And alas, my wonder! the people revile me: even Kuleyb revile me, as though their father were Nahshal and as though he were Mujáshi'.] b9: It should be observed that حتُّى may be used in three different ways in some sentences: thus you may say, using it as a preposition (in the sense of إِلَى), أَكَلْتُ السَّمَكَةَ حَتَّى

رَأْسِهَا [I ate the fish, even to its head]; and, using it as a conjunction, حَتَّى رَأْسَهَا [even its head]; and, using it as an inceptive particle, حَتَّى رَأْسُهَا [for حَتَّى رَأْسُهَا مَأْكُولٌ so that its head was eaten]. (Mughnee.) b10: It is said in the K that حتّى

renders makhfood and marfooa and mansoob; and that therefore Fr said, أَمُوتُ وَفِى نَفْسِى مِنْ حَتَّى شَىْءٌ [“ I shall die with something respecting حتّى (remaining unsettled) in my mind ”]: this is said on the supposition that حتّى deviates in government from an established rule, which is, that a particle which governs one part of speech governs that only; those, for instance, which render mansoob and mejzoom governing verbs only, and the particles that govern nouns governing none but nouns: but the truth is, that حتّى

governs only the gen. case; a marfooa noun or aor. after it would be so without it, as حتّى in this case is only an inceptive particle; and a mansoob aor. after it is rendered so by أَنْ understood, so that حتّى in this case virtually governs a noun in the gen. case [as has been shown above]: therefore the remark quoted above from the K is faulty, and confounds things that should be distinguished. (MF, TA.) b11: Some say that حتّى is [a noun] of the measure فَعْلَى, from ↓ الحَتُّ the ceasing from a thing, having finished it; or the becoming unoccupied by a thing; like شَتَّى from الشَّتُّ: but Az disapproves of this, because, were it so, the pronunciation termed إِمَالَة would be allowable in its case, and it is not so: حتّى, he says, is a particle, not a noun, nor a verb. (TA.) b12: حَتَّامَ is originally حَتَّى مَا [Till when? until when? or how long?]: the ا of ما is elided because the expression is used interrogatively, like as it is when any preposition is prefixed to it if used interrogatively, as in بِمَ and فِيمَ and عَمَّ. (S.) b13: In the dial. of Hudheyl, عَتَّى is said for حَتَّى. (L.) مَا تَرَكُوا إِلَّا رِمْدَةَ حَتَّانَ, or حَتَّانٍ, (as in different copies of the K in art. رمد,) They left not of them so much as thou mightest rub thy hands therewith and then blow it away in the wind after rubbing it off. (K ubi suprà.) حَتْحَتٌ: see حَتٌّ.

حَتْحَتَةٌ (tropical:) Quickness, (K, TA,) and haste, in anything. (TA.) [App. an inf. n., of which the verb is ↓ حَتْحَتَ.] Hence the prov., شَرُّ السَّيْرِ الحَتْحَتَهُ (tropical:) [The worst pace is that which is quick and hasty: but in Freytag's “ Ar. Prov. ” (i. 654,) الحَقْحَقَة]. (TA.) حَتْحَاتٌ i. q. حَثْحَاثٌ [Quick, or swift, &c.]. (K.) مِحْتَاتٌ: see حَتُوتٌ.

حز

1 حَزَّهُ, (S, A, Msb,) aor. ـُ inf. n. حَزٌّ, (S, Msb, K, *) He cut it; (S, A, K;) namely, his, or its, head; (A;) as also ↓ احتزّهُ: (S, A, K:) or he cut it (namely, a thing, or flesh-meat,) without separating; made an incision in it: or he cut it with labour: (TA:) and he notched it; or made a notch in it; namely, a piece of wood. (S, Msb, TA.) It is said in a prov., حَزَّتْ حَازَّةٌ مِنْ كُوعِهَا [A woman cutting cut a part of the skin of the extremity of the bone of her fore arm next the thumb: nearly the same as another prov. حَلَأَتْ حَالِئَةٌ عَنْ كُوعِهَا]: alluding to a people's being occupied by their own affair so as to be diverted thereby from attending to other things. (Az, K.) You say also, حَزَّ فِى رَأْسِ القَوْسِ He made a notch in the head of the bow. (A.) b2: [Hence the saying,] الإِثْمُ مَا حَزَّ فِى

قَلْبِكَ (tropical:) [Sin is that which makes an impression upon thy heart, causing thee to waver lest it be an act of disobedience because of thy not being easy respecting it]. (A. [See حَزَّازٌ, below; and see also حَكَّ, and حَاكَ.]) Of anything making an impression in, or upon, the bosom, and causing one to waver or scruple, you say حَزَّ. (S.) 2 حَزَّّ [حزّزهُ, inf. n. تَحْزِيزٌ, He cut it, or notched it, much, or in many places; he made notches in it; he made it serrated; he jagged it. You say,] حزّز أَسْنَانَهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَحْزِيزٌ, (TA,) He made his teeth serrated, and sharpened their extremities, to make them like those of a young person. (S, K, TA.) [See also تَحْزِيزٌ, below.]5 تحزّز It was cut much, or in many places, or into many pieces: (S, K:) [it was notched much, or in many places; was made serrated; was jagged.]8 احتزّهُ: see 1.

حَزٌّ A notch, or an incision, (S, A, Msb, K,) in a thing; (S, K;) as, [for instance,] in a piece of wood, and a tooth-stick (سِوَاك), and a bone, (TA,) and a bow: (A, TA:) and in like manner ↓ مَحَزٌّ, the notch of a bow, into which the ring of the string falls: (A and K, voce كُظْرٌ:) [or the former is a coll. gen. n.:] n. un. ↓ حَزَّةٌ; (S, TA;) [for which, in the S and L and K, voce طَرِيدَةٌ, we find ↓ حُزَّةٌ, perhaps a dial. var.] You say, رَدَّ الوَتَرَ حَزِّهَا He put back the bow-string to its notch (A, TA) in the head of the bow. (TA.) For the explanation of حَزُّ الكَرَاكِر, see كِرْكِرَةٌ.

A2: A time; a particular time; [a nick of time:] (S, K:) and ↓ حَزَّةٌ signifies the same; and also a particular state or condition. (A, TA.) Yousay, مَجِىْءِ فُلَانٍ ↓ هٰذِهِ حَزَّةُ [This is the time of the coming of such a one]. (A.) And كَيْفَ جِئْتَ

↓ فِى هٰذِهِ الحَزَّةِ [How hast thou come at this time, or in this state?]. (A.) And ↓ لَقِيتُهُ عَلَى حَزَّةٍ

مُنْكَرِةٍ [I met him at an evil time, or in an evil condition]. (A.) حَزَّةٌ: see حَزٌّ in five places.

حُزَّةٌ: see حَزٌّ.

A2: Also A piece of flesh-meat cut off lengthwise: (S, K:) or only of liver: (K, TA:) not of a camel's hump, nor of flesh, or other thing: (TA:) or it signifies also a piece cut off of anything, such as a melon &c.: used in this sense by the people of Syria: (TA:) pl. حُزَزٌ. (Msb.) b2: (tropical:) The neck: (S, Msb, K:) accord. to some: (Msb:) so termed metaphorically. (S.) So in a trad., أَخَذَ بِحُزَّتِهِ He took hold of his neck. (S, TA.) A3: حُزَّةُ السَّرَاوِيلِ i. q. حُجْزَتُهُ: (IAar, Az, S, Msb, K:) but disallowed by As. (TA.) حَزَارٌ Scurf of the head: ↓ n. un. with ة [signifying a particle, or flake, thereof]. (S, K.) حَزِيزٌ Rugged ground: (IDrd:) or a rugged and extended place: (S, K:) or a place abounding with rugged stones like knives: or hard ground in a tract abounding with pebbles: (TA:) or rugged and hard ground with a slight elevation: (ISh:) or depressed ground: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَحِزَّةٌ and [of mult.] حِزَّانٌ (S, K) and حُزَّانٌ and حُزُزٌ, (K, TA,) with two dammehs, (TA,) or حُزَزٌ. (CK.) حَزَازَةٌ: see حَزَازٌ: A2: and see also حَزَّازٌ.

حَزَّازٌ Food that becomes acid in the stomach, (K, TA,) by reason of its badness, and so [as it were] cuts (يَحُزُّ) into the heart. (TA.) Hence the saying, أَنْتَ أَثْقَلُ مِنَ الحَزَّازِ [Thou art heavier, or more difficult to be born, than the food that becomes acid in the stomach, &c.]. (A Heyth, on the authority of Abu-l-Hasan El-Aarábee.) b2: [And hence, app.,] Anything that makes an impression in, or upon, the heart, or bosom, causing one to waver or scruple; lit., that cuts into the heart, and scrapes in the bosom; expl. by مَا حَزَّ فِى القَلْبِ, (A 'Obeyd, S, K,) and حَكَّ فِى الصَّدْرِ; (K;) as also ↓ حُزَّازٌ (K) [and ↓ حَازَّةٌ, as will be seen below]: and pain in the heart, arising from wrath &c.; as also ↓ حُزَّازٌ, (A 'Obeyd, S,) and ↓ حَزَازَةٌ; (A 'Obeyd, S, K;) of which last the pl. is حَزَازَاتٌ. (A 'Obeyd, S.) [See also حَزْحَزَةٌ.] It is said in a trad., الإِثْمُ حَوَازُّ القُلُوبِ, (S, Mgh, and K * in art. حوز,) i. e., Sin is those things that make an impression upon hearts, (Lth, Mgh, MS, and K ubi suprà,) like as cutting, or notching, makes an impression upon a thing, (TA,) and that cause one to suspect that they may be acts of disobedience, by reason of uneasiness respecting them, (Mgh,) or to waver respecting them, lest they should be so, for that reason, (K,) or to be uneasy in heart respecting them: (MS:) حوازّ being pl. of ↓ حَازَّةٌ, (Mgh, K,) like as دَوَابُّ is pl. of دَابَّةٌ: (Mgh:) Sh. reads حُوَّازُ القُلُوبِ, which he explains as meaning, “what overcomes hearts, (مَا يَحُوزُهَا, i. e., يَغْلِبُ عَلَيْهَا,) so that they commit that which is not incumbent:” (Mgh, and K * and TA ubi suprà:) but the former reading is the more common: (Mgh, TA:) and some read حَزَّاز; and some حَرَّار. (TA in art. حوز.) [See also فَصٌّ.] b3: حَزَّازُ الحَجَرِ and حَزَّازُ الصَّخْرِ: See بَهَقُ الحَجَرِ in art. بَهق.

حُزَّازٌ: see حَزَّازٌ, in two places.

بِهِ حَازٌّ, said of a camel, He has an incision, or a cut, in the edge of the callous protuberance upon his breast, produced by his elbow, which makes it bleed: if it does not make it bleed, it is termed مَاسِحٌ: (S, K:) or حازّ is a cut, or an incision, in the arm, penetrating through the skin, to the flesh, opposite the callous protuberance upon the breast of a camel; also termed عَرْكٌ: (El-'Adebbes El-Kinánee:) or a cut, or an incision, in the said protuberance: it is a subst., like نَاكِتٌ and ضَاغِطٌ. (TA.) حَازَّةٌ; pl. حَوَازُّ: see حَزَّازٌ, in two places.

حَزْحَزَةٌ A pain in the heart, arising from fear or from physical suffering: (K:) pl. حَزَاحِزُ. (TA.) [See also حَزَّازٌ.]

تَحْزِيزٌ [see 2. b2: ] The being cut, or notched, much, or in many places; being serrated, or jagged, like the teeth of the مِنْجَل: and sometimes this is in the edges, or extremities, of the human teeth. (TA.) You say, فِى أَسْنَانِهِ تَحْزِيزٌ (S, A, K) In his teeth is a serration, and a sharpness of the extremities [such as is seen in the teeth of young persons]; syn. أُشُرٌ; (S, K;) the like of the serration of the teeth of the مِنْجَل. (A.) b3: Also The marks of cutting or notching. (TA.) مَحَزٌّ A place of cutting [or notching]. (TA.) You say, قَطَعَ فَأَصَابَ المَحَزَّ (A, TA) He cut, and hit the place of cutting. (TA.) And تَكَلَّمَ وَأَشَارَ فَأَصَابَ المَخَزَّ (tropical:) [He spoke, and indicated, or advised, and hit upon the right thing]: (A, TA:) [app. alluding to the right place of incision of the كِرْكِرَة, which is a nice and difficult operation: see كِرْكِرَةٌ.] b2: [A notched, or small hollowed, place, made by cutting or otherwise. b3: A groove, or the like. Occurring in the K, voce بَكْرَةٌ, and in art. خصر, &c.] b4: See also حَزٌّ, first signification.

حك

1 حَكَّهُ, aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. حَكٌّ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) [He scratched, scraped, rubbed, grated, chafed, or fretted, it: or] he scraped off, abraded, or otherwise removed, its superficial part: (Mgh, Msb:) حَكٌّ signifies the act of scratching: (KL:) or the making a body to pass upon another body with collision: (K:) [as meaning scratching and the like,] it is with the nail, and with the hand, &c. (TA.) مَا حَكَّ ظَهْرِى مِثْلُ يَدِى [Nothing has scratched my back like my hand] is a prov., meaning that one should abstain from relying upon others: and the same meaning is intended in the following verse: مَا حَكَّ جِلْدَكَ مِثْلُ ظُفْرِكْ فَتَوَّلَ أَنْتَ جَمِيعَ أَمْرِكْ [Nothing has scratched thy skin like thy nail: so manage thou thyself all thine affair]. (Har pp. 432 et seq.) The saying, in a trad., إِذَا حَكَكْتُ قَرْحَةً دَمَّيْتُهَا [lit. When I scratch a sore, I make it bleed,] means (tropical:) when I desire an object, I attain it. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] حَكَّ فِى صَدْرِى, and ↓ احكّ, and ↓ احتكّ, (K,) the first whereof, which is mentioned by IDrd preceded by the negative مَا, is the most approved, (TA,) (tropical:) It wrought, or operated, in, or upon, my mind: (K, TA:) said of a suggestion of the devil, that comes into one's mind. (TA.) Or حَكَّ فِى صَدْرِهِ كَذَا, aor. ـُ means (assumed tropical:) Such a thing occurred to his mind as a thing outweighed in probability, or a matter of suspicion. (Msb.) And you say مَا حَكَّ فِى صَدْرِى (assumed tropical:) It did not make an impression upon my mind. (Har p. 648.) It is said in a trad., الإِثْمُ مَا حَكَّ فِى صَدْرِكَ (assumed tropical:) Sin is that which makes an impression upon thy mind, and induces a suspicion that it is an act of disobedience, because the mind is not dilated thereby. (Mgh. [See also حَاكَ, in arts.

حوك and حيك; and see حَزَّ.]) You say also, مَا حَكَّ فِى صَدْرِى مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ (tropical:) Nothing thereof was unsettled, so as to be doubtful, in my mind. (S, TA.) And مَا حَكَّ فِى صَدْرِى كَذَا (tropical:) Such a thing did not cause dilatation [or pleasure] in my mind. (S, K, TA.) A2: See also 8.

A3: حَكِكَتِ الدَّابَّةُ, aor. ـَ (Kr, K,) a verb of an unusual form, with the reduplication distinct, like لَحِحَتْ in the phrase لَحِحَتْ عَيْنُهُ, &c., (TA,) The beast had its hoof worn away at the edges. (K, * TA.) 2 حكّك, inf. n. تَحْكِيكٌ, He scratched [&c.] well [or much.] (KL.) 3 حاكّهُ, (TA,) inf. n. مُحَاكَّةٌ (S, K, KL) and حِكَاكٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He emulated, rivalled, or imitated, him; [originally, I suppose, in scratching, or the like;] (K, KL, TA;) the inf. n. being syn. with مُبَارَاةٌ; (K, TA;) or like مُبَارَاةٌ. (S.) b2: حاكّ الشَّرَّ (K) (tropical:) He produced, or effected, or brought to pass, evil, or mischief. (TK.) 4 أَحْكَ3َ see 8: b2: and see also 1.5 فُلَانٌ يَتَحَكَّكُ بِى Such a one rubs, or scratches, himself against me; syn. يَتَمَرَّسُ بى: (S: so in two copies:) or (tropical:) becomes exasperated by me; syn. يَتَحَرَّشُ بى: (TA:) and addresses, or applies, himself to do evil, or mischief, to me. (S, K, TA.) لَقَدْ تَحَكَّكَتِ العَقْرَبُ بِالأَفْعَى (assumed tropical:) The scorpion has addressed itself to do evil, or mischief, to the viper, is a prov., applied to him who contends with his superior in strength and power, and does evil to him. (Har p. 478.) 6 تَحَاكَّا [They scratched, scraped, rubbed, grated, chafed, or fretted, each other; or] their two bodies became in collision, and each of them scratched, &c., (حَكَّ,) the other. (K.) b2: هٰذَا أَمْرٌ تَحَاكَّتْ فِيهِ الرُّكَبِ, and ↓ احتكّت, (tropical:) This is a case in which the knees are in contact, and in collision, is a saying by which is meant equality of station or rank, or the sitting together upon the knees in contending for superiority in glory or excellence or nobility. (TA.) b3: [تحاكّ also signifies It became scraped off, or rubbed off, by degrees; the verb in this sense being similar to تساقط &c.: see حُكَاكَةٌ.]8 احتكّ بِهِ He scratched, scraped, or rubbed, himself (حَكَّ نَفْسَهُ) against it; (S, K;) as the mangy or scabby [camel] does against a piece of wood. (TA.) b2: احتكّ رَأْسِى My head induced me, or caused me, to scratch it; (دَعَانِى إِلَى حَكِّهِ;) [i. e. it itched;] as also ↓ أَحَكَّنِى and ↓ اِسْتَحَكَّنِى and ↓ حَكَّنِى; (K;) though this last is held by IB to be erroneous: (TA:) and in like manner one says of all the other members. (M, TA.) b3: See also 1: b4: and 6. b5: احتكّ حَافِرُهُ مِنْ كَثْرَةِ السَّيْرِ [His hoof became chafed, abraded, or worn, by much travel]. (Ham p. 476.) 10 إِسْتَحْكَ3َ see 8.

حِكٌّ (tropical:) Doubt (K, TA) in religion &c.; (TA;) as also ↓ حِكَّةٌ: (AA, TA:) because it makes an impression (يَحُكُّ) upon the mind. (TA.) A2: حِكُّ شَرٍّ, explained in the K, as also شَرٍّ ↓ حِكَاكُ, by the words يُحَاكُّهُ كَثِيرًا, means (tropical:) A producer of much evil, or mischief: (TK:) it is a tropical phrase: and in like manner one says حِكُّ ضِغْنٍ (tropical:) [a producer of much rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite]: and حِكُّ مَالٍ (tropical:) [a producer of much wealth]. (TA.) حِكَّةٌ [An itching;] a subst. from اِحْتَكَّ as used in the phrase احتكّ ارأسى [q. v.]; as also ↓ حُكَاكٌ. (K.) b2: And The جَرَب [i. e. mange, or scab]: (S, K:) or it differs from the latter; and is said to be the dry جَرَب: (MF:) or anything that one scratches; as the جَرَب and the like: (Mgh:) [in the present day particularly applied to the itch:] a certain cutaneous disease; said in the medical books to be a thin humour, causing swelling, originating beneath the skin, not accompanied with pus, but with what resembles bran, and quick in passing away. (Msb.) b3: And hence (assumed tropical:) Lice. (Mgh.) A2: See also حِكٌّ.

حَكَكٌ A wearing away at the edges in a beast's hoof. (K, * TA.) A2: A gait in which is commotion, like the gait of a short woman who moves about her shoulder-joints. (Ibn-'Abbád, L, K.) A3: Soft, or uncompact, white stones: (S:) or a kind of white stone, like marble, (K, TA,) more soft, or uncompact, than marble, but harder than gypsum: n. un. with ة: (TA:) or, with ة, ground in which are soft, or uncompact, stones, like marble: (ISh, TA:) or, accord. to ADk, ↓ حُكَكَاتٌ, with damm, and then fet-h, signifies ground in which are white stones, resembling أَقِط, that break into many pieces; and such is only in low land, (TA.) حُكُكٌ (tropical:) Evil, or mischievous, persons. (IAar, K, TA.) b2: And (tropical:) Such as are importunate in demanding things wanted. (IAar, K, TA.) حُكَكَاتٌ: see حَكَكٌ.

حُكَاكٌ A thing that is rubbed, or grated, (حُكَّ,) upon another thing, so as to produce حُكَاكَة. (IDrd, TA.) b2: I. q. بُورَقٌ [q. v.]. (Sgh, K.) A2: See also حِكَّةٌ.

حِكَاكٌ [A thing against which a beast rubs, or scratches, himself]. The Arabs say, فُلَانٌ جِذْلٌ حِكَاكٌ خَشَعَتْ عَنْهُ الأُبَنُ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one is a rubbingpost from which the knots have become worn down]; meaning that he is so pruned, or trimmed, [figuratively speaking,] that nothing is cast at him but it glances off from him, and recoils. (TA.) [See مُحَكَّكٌ.]

A2: حِكَاكُ شَرٍّ: see حِكٌّ.

حَكِيكٌ i. q. ↓ مَحْكُوكٌ [i. e. Scratched, scraped, rubbed, &c.; and particularly worn by rubbing or friction;] applied to a كَعْب [app. as meaning an ankle-bone, or rather the skin upon that bone]: and having the edges worn away; syn. نَحِيتٌ, (S,) or مَنْحُوتٌ; (K;) applied to a solid hoof; (S, K, TA;) as also ↓ أَحَكُّ: (K, TA:) and كُلُّ نَحِيتٍ خَفِىَ [so in copies of the K: in the CK the last word in this explanation is خَفِىٍّ: but I doubt not that the right reading is حَفِىَ, with the unpointed ح; and that the meaning of the whole is, whatever (i. e. whatever foot) is worn by rubbing or friction; that has become attenuated, or chafed, by much walking or treading; agreeably with the explanation that follows]: the subst. is حَكَكٌ: and you say, حَكِكَتِ الدَّابَّةُ. (K.) And A horse having the hoofs much worn (مُنَحَّتُ الحَوَفِرِ, IDrd, K, in the CK الحَافِرِ) by the erosion of the ground, so as to be attenuated. (IDrd, TA.) حُكَاكَةٌ What falls from a thing عِنْدَ الحَكِّ [i. e. on the occasion of scratching, scraping, rubbing, grating, &c.]. (S, K.) And What is scraped, or rubbed, or grated, (مَا حُكَّ,) between two stones, and then used as a collyrium for ophthalmia: (K:) or what is scraped off, or rubbed off, by degrees, (مَا تَحَاكَّ,) between two stones, when one of them is rubbed with the other, for medicine and the like. (TA.) حَكَّاكٌ A lapidary.]

حَكَّاكَةٌ (tropical:) A thing that makes an impression upon hearts: pl. حَكَّاكَاتٌ: (IAth, TA:) or the pl. signifies (tropical:) [suggestions of the devil or of the mind, whereby the mind is disturbed; such as are termed]

وَسَاوِسُ: (K, TA:) things that make an impression (تَحُكُّ) upon the heart, and are dubious to a man: such are sins said to be. (TA.) حَاكَّةٌ A tooth: (S, K:) thus called because it rubs, or grates, (تَحُكُّ,) either its fellow or what one eats: an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates. (TA.) So in the saying, مَا بَقِيتَ فِى فِيهِ حَاكَّةٌ [There remained not in his mouth a tooth]. (S.) The Arabs also say, مَا فِيهِ حَاكَّةٌ وَلَا تَا كَّةٌ, meaning There is not in him, or it, a grinder (ضِرْسٌ) nor a dog-tooth. (Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà, TA.) أَحَكُّ: see حَكِيكٌ b2: Also A man (TA) having no حَاكَّة, i. e., no tooth, in his mouth. (K, * TA) مَا أَنْتَ مِنْ أَحْكَاكِهِ Thou art not of his, or its, men: (Ibn-'Abbád, K:) [app. meaning thou art not the man to cope with him, or to accomplish it.]

مِحَكٌّ [A touchstone; the stone upon which pieces of money &c. are rubbed to try their quality;] the stone of the نَقَّادُون. (Har p. 66.) [It is commonly called in the present day مِحَكَّةٌ: which also signifies a stone for rubbing the soles of the feet, &c.: and a rasp.]

الجِذْلُ المُحَكَّكُ [The rubbing-post; i. e.] the thing that is set up in the place where camels lie down, at their watering-place, for the mangy camels to rub against it. (S, K.) Hence the saying of El-Hobáb Ibn-El-Mundhir El-Ansáree, (S,) أَنَا جُذَيْلُهَا المُحَكَّكُ وَعُذَيْقُهَا المُرَجَّبُ, [see جِذْلٌ,] meaning I am he by means of whose counsel, or advice, and forecast, relief is sought: (S, K: *) or it has another meaning, preferred by Az, i. e., that the sayer was one who had been strengthened by experience, who had experienced and known affairs, and been tried, or proved, by them, and found to be one who bore up against difficulty, strong and firm, such as would not flee from his adversary: or the meaning is, I am, exclusively of [the rest of] the Ansár, a rubbing-post for him who would oppose me, and with me should the stubborn be coupled: the dim. form is here used for the purpose of aggrandizement. (TA.) [See also حِكَاكٌ.]

مَحْكُوكٌ: see حَكِيكٌ.

كد

1 كُدَّ, aor. ـُ (L,) inf. n. كَدٌّ, (S, L, K,) He toiled; or was, or became, vehement, or severe, (S, A, L, K,) in work; (S, A, L;) he worked laboriously; (TA;) he fatigued himself, and hastened, in his work. (L.) [You say]

بِجَدِّكَ لَا بِكَدِّكَ By thy good fortune, not by thy toil, are things attained. A proverb. (L.) and لَا تَجْعَلْ عَيْشَهُمَا كَدًّ Make not the life of them two a toil. (L, from a trad.) b2: المَسَائِلُ كَدٌّ يَكَدُّ بِهَا الرَّجُلُ وَجْهَهُ Petitions are [a cause of] dispiriting: a man thereby impairs the brightness of his countenance. (L, from a trad.) A2: كَدَّهُ, (L, K, aor. ـُ inf. n. كَدٌّ, (L,) He required of him toil, or vehemence, or severity in work, or persevering or constant exertion in striving to do a thing or in seeking a thing; as also ↓ اكتدّهُ, and ↓ استكدّهُ: (L, K:) he fatigued or wearied or jaded him; (S, * L;) namely, a beast, and a man, &c.: (L;) [like دَكَّهُ;] he plied, or pressed him, plied or pressed him hard, or harassed him, in constant work which he imposed upon him, so as to fatigue or weary him. (Az, L.) See also كَدٌّ. b2: كَدَّ (tropical:) He fatigued his tongue with speaking and his heart with thinking. (A, L.) b3: كَدَّ, aor. ـُ (L,) inf. n. كَدٌّ, (L, K,) He exerted himself perseveringly, assiduously, constantly, or incessantly, (L, K,) in striving to do, effect, or accomplish, a thing, (L,) or in seeking [a thing]. (K.) b4: كَدَّ, aor. ـُ (L,) inf. n. كَدٌّ, (S, L,) He sought (S, L) gain, (S,) or, sustenance, or the means of subsistence. (L.) A3: كَدَّ, aor. ـُ (L,) inf. n. كَدٌّ, (S, L, K,) He pointed, or made a sign, with the finger, (S, L, K,) like as the beggar does. (S.) [It is also trans.] El-Kumeyt says, غَنِيتُ فَلَمْ أَرْدُدْكُمُ عِنْدَ بِغْيَةٍ

وَحُجْتُ فَلَمْ أَكْدُدْكُمُ بِالأَصَابِعِ [I was rich, and I did not repel you on an occasion of exigency; and I was in want, and I did not point at you with the fingers]. (S, L.) b2: ↓ كُدُّونِى فَإِنِّى مُكِدٌّ (tropical:) Ask ye of me; for I give [only] when asked. Said by Ibn-Hubeyreh. (A [but in my copy of that work, the first word is written كِدُّونِى.]) A4: كَدَّ, [aor. ـُ (tropical:) He scratched, or scraped: (L:) he scraped off a soil from a garment: (TA:) he scratched perseveringly his head, and his skin, with his nails. (A.) b2: كَدَّ, (TA,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. كَدٌّ, (K,) (assumed tropical:) He combed his head. (K, TA.) b3: كَدَّ, [aor. ـُ (tropical:) He (a beast) trod the ground with his hoofs. (A, * L.) A5: كدّهُ, (aor.

كَدُ3َ, L,) He pulled or drew it out (i. e. a solid or a fluid thing) with his hand; as also ↓ اكتدّهُ. (L, K.) 2 كدّد He (a man) threw coarsely pounded salt (كَدِيد), one portion upon another. (L.) 4 اكدّ and ↓ اكتدّ (tropical:) He was tenacious, or niggardly. (L, K.) See also مُكِدٌّ.8 إِكْتَدَ3َ see 1, and 4.10 إِسْتَكْدَ3َ see 1.

R. Q. 1 كَدْكَدَ, inf. n. كَدْكَدَةٌ, He ran slowly: (S, IKtt, L:) he affected a heaviness and slowness in his gait. (K.) R. Q. 1 كَدْكَدَ عَلَى الكَدِيدِ (assumed tropical:) He ran upon the dust of the race-course. (L.) كَدٌّ [inf. n. of 1, q. v. b2: as a subst.] A mortar in which things are pounded, or bruised; like هَاوَنٌ, or هَاوُونٌ. (S, K.) كِدَّةٌ and كُدَّةٌ see كَدِيدٌ.

كَدُودٌ A man who toils, or works, laboriously, so as to fatigue himself. (A.) b2: (tropical:) A she-camel whose milk is not obtained without labour, or exertion. (A.) بِئْرٌ كَدُودٌ (tropical:) A well of which the water is not obtained without labour, or exertion, (S, A, L, K,) and difficulty, or trouble. (TA.) b3: (tropical:) Tenacious; niggardly: (K, but omitted in some copies:) one from whom benefits are not obtained without difficulty. (A.) أَرْضٌ كَدِيدٌ (tropical:) Ground trodden with the hoofs of horses or the like. (S, * A, * L.) b2: كَدِيدٌ (tropical:) Fine dust, trodden with the feet: fine dust, which, if trodden, flies about: (L:) dust of a racecourse. (TA.) b3: Coarsely pounded salt. (L, K.) [Also,] The sound of coarsely pounded salt when it is poured out, (L, K,) one portion upon another. (L.) A2: A low, or depressed, tract of land, (بَطْنٌ, K, or بطين, L, as from A'Obeyd,) of wide extent, (L, K,) formed like a valley, or wider than a valley. (A'Obeyd, L.) b2: A rugged tract of land; (L, K;) as also ↓ كِدَّةٌ, with kesr, (K,) or ↓ كُدَّةٌ; (L;) so called because it fatigues him who walks upon it. (L.) كُدَادَةٌ The cooked food which remains in the bottom of the cooking-pot, and which is drawn out (كُدَّ) with the fingers: (Az, L:) what remains in the bottom of the cooking-pot, (As, L, K,) sticking to it, after the ladling out; (L;) as also كَدَدَةٌ (L, K) and كُدَدَةٌ: (K:) or the broth, or gravy, remaining in the bottom of the cooking-pot. (S.) b2: Also I. q. قِشْدَةٌ, (S, L, K,) [i. e.] the dregs, or sediment, of clarified butter. (L.) b3: A little that remains of pasture, or herbage. (L.) See also أَكِدَّةٌ.

كَدْكَدَةٌ a word imitative of the sound made by a thing that is struck upon a hard thing. (S, L.) اكِدَّةٌ The remains in a place of pasture which has already been eaten. (K.) See also كُدَادَةٌ and أَكْدَادٌ.

قَوْمٌ أَكْدَادٌ A quick, or swift, people: (As, S, L:) or a people composing distinct bodies, or parties, or troops; (L, art. كتد; and K;) as also ↓ أَكِدَّةٌ and أَكَادِيدُ. (K.) See also أَكْتَادٌ.

مَكْدُودٌ pass. part. n. of كَدَّ, q. v. b2: A man overcome. (L.) مُكِدٌّ (tropical:) One who gives [only] when asked. (A.) See also كَدُودٌ, and 1, and 4.

مِكَدٌّ (assumed tropical:) A comb. (K.) b2: (tropical:) An instrument for scratching or scraping. (TA.)

علم التصوف
هو: علم يعرف به كيفية ترقي أهل الكمال، من النوع الإنساني في مدارج سعادتهم، والأمور العارضة لهم في درجاتهم، بقدر الطاقة البشرية.
وأما التعبير عن هذه الدرجات والمقامات، كما هو حقه، فغير ممكن لأن العبارات إنما وضعت للمعاني التي وصل إليها، فهم أهل اللغات.
وأما المعاني التي لا يصل إليها إلا غائب، عن ذاته، فضلا عن قوى بدنه، فليس بممكن أن يوضع لها ألفاظ، فضلا عن أن يعبر عنها بالألفاظ.
فكما أن المعقولات لا تدرك بالأوهام، والموهومات لا تدرك بالخياليات، والتخيلات لا تدرك بالحواس، كذلك ما من شانه أن يعاين بعين اليقين، لا يمكن أن يدرك بعلم اليقين، فالواجب على من يرد ذلك، أن يجتهد في الوصول إليه بالعين، دون أن يطلبه بالبيان، فإنه طور وراء طور العقل.
(شعر)
علم التصوف علم ليس يعرفه * إلا أخو فطنة بالحق معروف
وليس يعرفه من ليس يشهده * وكيف يشهد ضوء الشمس مكفوف
هذا ما ذكره: ابن صدر الدين.
وأما أبو الخير، فإنه جعل الطرف الثاني من كتابه في العلوم المتعلقة بالتصفية، التي هي ثمرة العمل بالعلم.
ولهذا العلم أيضا ثمرة: تسمى: (علوم المكاشفة)، لا يكشف عنها العبارة غير الإشارة.
كما قال النبي - عليه الصلاة والسلام -: (إن من العلم كهيئة المكنون، لا يعرفها إلا العلماء بالله - تعالى -، فإذا نطقوا ينكره أهل الغرة).
فرتب هذا الطرف في: مقدمة، ودوحة، لها: شعب، وثمرة.
وقال: الدوحة: في علوم الباطن.
ولها أربع شعب: العبادات، والعادات، والمهلكات، والمنجيات.
فلخص فيه: كتاب: (إحياء العلوم). للغزالي.
ولم يذكر الثمرة، فكأنه لم يذكر التصوف، المعروف بين أهله.
قال الإمام القشيري: اعلموا أن المسلمين بعد رسول الله - صلى الله تعالى عليه وسلم - لم يتسم أفاضلهم في عصرهم بتسمية علم، سوى صحبة الرسول - عليه الصلاة والسلام -، إذ لا أفضلية فوقها، فقيل لهم: الصحابة.
ولما أدركهم أهل العصر الثاني، سمي من صحب الصحابة: (بالتابعين).
ثم اختلف الناس، وتباينت المراتب، فقيل لخواص الناس، ممن لهم شدة عناية بأمر الدين: الزهاد، والعباد.
ثم ظهرت البدعة، وحصل التداعي بين الفرق، فكل فريق ادعوا: أن فيهم زهادا، فانفرد خواص أهل السنة المراعون أنفسهم مع الله - سبحانه وتعالى -، الحافظون قلوبهم عن طوارق الغفلة، باسم: (التصوف).
واشتهر هذا الاسم لهؤلاء الأكابر: قبل المائتين من الهجرة. انتهى.
وأول من سمي بالصوفي:
أبو هاشم الصوفي.
المتوفى: سنة 150، خمسين ومائة.
واعلم: أن الإشراقيين من الحكماء الإلهيين: كالصوفيين في المشرب، والاصطلاح.
خصوصا المتأخرين منهم، إلا ما يخالف مذهبهم مذهب أهل الإسلام، ولا يبعد أن يؤخذ هذا الاصطلاح من اصطلاحهم، كما لا يخفى على من تتبع كتب حكمة الإشراق.
وفي هذا الفن كتب غير محصورة، ذكرنا منها ما أثبتناه في هذا السفر، على ترتيبه إجمالا.

علم التصوف علم ليس يعرفه ... لا أخو فطنة بالحق معروف
وليس يعرفه من ليس يشهده ... وكيف يشهد ضوء الشمس مكفوف
هذا ما ذكره ابن صدر الدين.
وأما أبو الخير فإنه جعل الطرف الثاني من كتابه في العلوم المتعلقة بالتصفية التي هي ثمرة العمل بالعلم.
ولهذا العلم أيضا ثمرة تسمى: علوم المكاشفة لا يكشف عنها العبارة غير الإشارة كما قال النبي1 - صلى الله عليه وسلم -: "إن من العلم كهيئة المكنون لا يعرفها إلا العلماء بالله تعالى فإذا نطقوا لا ينكره إلا أهل الغرة".
فرتب هذا الطرف في مقدمة ودوحة لها شعب وثمرة وقال: الدوحة في علوم الباطن لها أربع شعب: العبادات والعادات والمهلكات والمنجيات فلخص فيه كتاب: الإحياء للغزالي ولم يذكر الثمرة فكأنه لم يذكر التصوف المعروف بين أهله.
قال القشيري: اعلموا أن المسلمين بعد رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - لم يتسم أفاضلهم في عصرهم بتسمية علم سوى صحبة الرسول - صلى الله عليه وسلم - إذ لا أفضلية فوقها فقيل لهم الصحابة.
ولما أدركهم أهل العصر الثاني سمي من صحب الصحابة: بالتابعين. ثم اختلف الناس وتباينت المراتب.
فقيل لخواص الناس ممن لهم شدة عناية بأمر الدين: الزهاد والعباد.
ثم ظهرت البدعة وحصل التداعي بين الفرق فكل فريق ادعوا أن فيهم زهادا فانفرد خواص أهل السنة المراعون أنفسهم مع الله - سبحانه وتعالى - الحافظون قلوبهم عن طوارق الغفلة باسم التصوف. واشتهر هذا الاسم لهؤلاء الأكابر قبل المائتين من الهجرة. انتهى.
وأول من سمي بالصوفي: أبو هاشم الصوفي المتوفى سنة خمس ومائة.
واعلم: أن الإشراقيين من الحكماء الإلهيين كالصوفيين في المشرب والاصطلاح خصوصا المتأخرين منهم إلا ما يخالف مذهبهم مذهب أهل الإسلام ولا يبعد أن يؤخذ هذا الاصطلاح من اصطلاحهم كما لا يخفى على من تتبع كتب حكمة الإشراق وفي هذا الفن كتب غير محصورة ذكرها في: كشف الظنون على ترتيبه إجمالا ولشيخ الإسلام أحمد بن تيمية الحراني كتاب: الفرقان بين أولياء الرحمن وأولياء الشيطان رد فيه على المتصوفة ردا لطيفا وهو سفر نافع جداً. فصل
قال عبد الرحمن بن خلدون: هذا العلم من العلوم الشرعية الحادثة في الملة.
وأصله: أن طريقة هؤلاء القوم لم تزل عند سلف الأمة وكبارها من الصحابة والتابعين ومن بعدهم طريقة الحق والهداية.
وأصلها: العكوف على العبادة والانقطاع إلى الله تعالى والإعراض عن زخرف الدنيا وزينتها والزهد فيما يقبل عليه الجمهور من لذة ومال وجاه والانفراد عن الخلق في الخلوة للعبادة وكان ذلك عاما في الصحابة والسلف فلما فشا الإقبال على الدنيا في القرن الثاني وما بعده وجنح الناس إلى مخالطة الدنيا اختص المقبلون على العبادة باسم: الصوفية والمتصوفة.
وقال القشيري - رحمه الله -: ولا يشهد لهذا الاسم اشتقاق من جهة العربية ولا قياس والظاهر إنه لقب ومن قال: اشتقاقه من الصفا أو من الصفة فبعيد من جهة القياس اللغوي قال: وكذلك من الصوف لأنهم لم يختصوا بلبسه قلت: والأظهر إن قيل: بالاشتقاق أنه من الصوف وهم في الغالب مختصون بلبسه لما كانوا عليه من مخالفة الناس في لبس فاخر الثياب إلى لبس الصوف فلما اختص هؤلاء بمذهب الزهد والانفراد عن الخلق والإقبال على العبادة اختصوا بمآخذ مدركة لهم وذلك أن الإنسان بما هو إنسان إنما يتميز عن سائر الحيوان بالإدراك وإدراكه نوعان: إدراك للعلوم والمعارف من اليقين والظن والشك والوهم وإدراك للأحوال القائمة من الفرح والحزن والقبض والبسط والرضاء والغضب والصبر والشكر. وأمثال ذلك. فالروح العاقل والمتصرف في البدن تنشأ من إدراكات وإرادات وأحوال وهي التي يميز بها الإنسان وبعضها ينشأ من بعض كما ينشأ العلم من الأدلة والفرح والحزن عن إدراك المؤلم أو المتلذذ به والنشاط عن الحمام والكسل عن الإعياء وكذلك المريد في مجاهدته لا بد وأن ينشأ عن كل مجاهدة حال نتيجة تلك المجاهدة وتلك الحالة: إما أن تكون نوع عبادة فترسخ وتصير مقاما للمريد وإما أن لا تكون عبادة وإنما تكون صفة حاصلة للنفس من حزن وسرور ونشاط أو كسل أو غير ذلك من المقامات.
ولا يزال المريد يترقى من مقام إلى مقام إلى أن ينتهي إلى التوحيد والمعرفة التي هي الغاية المطلوبة للسعادة.
قال - صلى الله عليه وسلم -: "من مات يشهد أن لا إله إلا الله دخل الجنة" فالمريد لا بد له من الترقي في هذه الأطوار وأصلها كلها الطاعة والإخلاص ويتقدمها الإيمان ويصاحبها وتنشأ عن الأحوال والصفات نتائج وثمرات ثم تنشأ عنها أخرى وأخرى إلى مقام التوحيد والعرفان وإذا وقع تــقصير في النتيجة أو خلل فنعلم أنه إنما أتى من قبل التــقصير في الذي قبله.
وكذلك في الخواطر النفسانية والواردات القلبية فلهذا يحتاج المريد إلى محاسبة نفسه في سائر أعماله وينظر في حقائقها لأن حصول النتائج عن الأعمال ضروري وقصورها من الخلل فيها كذلك والمريد يجد ذلك بذوقه ويحاسب نفسه عن أسبابه ولا يشاركهم في ذلك إلا القليل من الناس لأن الغفلة عن هذا كأنها شاملة وغاية أهل العبادات إذا لم ينتهوا إلى هذا النوع إنهم يأتون بالطاعات مخلصة من نظر الفقه في الأجزاء والأمثال وهؤلاء يبحثون عن نتائجها بالأذواق والمواجد ليطلعوا على أنها خالصة من التــقصير أولا فظهر أن أصل طريقتهم كلها محاسبة النفس على الأفعال والتروك والكلام في هذه الأذواق والمواجد التي تحصل عن المجاهدات ثم تستقر للمريد مقاما ويترقى منها إلى غيرها ثم لهم مع ذلك آداب مخصوصة بهم واصطلاحات في ألفاظ تدور بينهم إذ الأوضاع اللغوية إنما هي للمعاني المتعارفة فإذا عرض من المعاني ما هو غير متعارف اصطلحنا عن التعبير عنه بلفظ يتيسر فهمه منه فلهذا أختص هؤلاء بهذا النوع من العلم الذي ليس لواحد غيرهم من أهل الشريعة الكلام فيه وصار علم الشريعة على صنفين: صنف مخصوص الفقهاء وأهل الفتيا وهي الأحكام العامة في العبادات والعادات والمعاملات وصنف مخصوص بالقوم في القيام بهذه المجاهدة ومحاسبة النفس عليها والكلام في الأذواق والمواجد العارضة في طريقها وكيفية الترقي منها من ذوق إلى ذوق وشرح الاصطلاحات التي تدور بينهم في ذلك فلما كتبت العلوم ودونت وألف الفقهاء في الفقة وأصوله والكلام والتفسير وغير ذلك كتب رجال من أهل هذه الطريقة في طريقهم فمنهم من كتب في الورع ومحاسبة النفس على الاقتداء في الأخذ والترك كما فعله القشيري في كتاب: الرسالة والسهروردي في كتاب: عوارف المعارف وأمثالهم وجمع الغزالي - رحمه الله - بين الأمرين في كتاب: الإحياء فدون فيه أحكام الورع والاقتداء ثم بين آداب القوم وسننهم وشرح اصطلاحاتهم في عباراتهم وصار علم التصوف في الملة علما مدونا بعد أن كانت الطريقة عبادة فقط وكانت أحكامها إنما تتلقى من صدور الرجال كما وقع في سائر العلوم التي دونت بالكتاب من التفسير والحديث والفقه والأصول وغير ذلك.
ثم إن هذه المجاهدة والخلوة والذكر يتبعها غالبا كشف حجاب الحس والإطلاع على علم من أمر الله ليس لصاحب الحس إدراك شيء منها والروح من تلك العوالم وسبب هذا الكشف: أن الروح إذا رجع عن الحس الظاهر إلى الباطن ضعفت أحوال الحس وقويت أحوال الروح وغلب سلطانه وتجدد نشوه وأعان على ذلك الذكر فإنه كالغذاء لتنمية الروح ولا يزال في نمو وتزيد إلى أن يصير شهودا بعد أن كان علما ويكشف حجاب الحس ويتم وجود النفس والعلوم اللدنية والفتح الإلهي وتقرب ذاته في تحقق حقيقتها من الأفق الأعلى أفق الملائكة.
وهذا الكشف كثيرا ما يعرض لأهل المجاهدة فيدركون من حقائق الوجود ما لا يدرك سواهم وكذلك يدركون كثيرا من الواقعات قبل وقوعها ويتصرفون بهممهم وقوى نفوسهم في الموجودات السفلية وتصير طوع إرادتهم فالعظماء منهم لا يعتبرون هذا الكشف ولا يتصرفون ولا يخبرون عن حقيقة شيء لم يؤمروا بالتكلم فيه بل يعدون ما يقع لهم من ذلك محنة ويتعوذون منه إذا هاجمهم وقد كان الصحابة - رضي الله عنهم - على مثل هذه المجاهدة وكان حظهم من هذه الكرامات أوفر الحظوظ لكنهم لم تقع لهم بها عناية وفي فضائل أبي بكر وعمر وعثمان وعلي - رضي الله عنهم - كثير منها وتبعهم في ذلك أهل الطريقة ممن اشتملت: رسالة القشيري على ذكرهم ومن تبع طريقتهم من بعدهم.
ثم إن قوما من المتأخرين انصرفت عنايتهم إلى كشف الحجاب والمدارك التي وراءه واختلفت طرق الرياضة عنهم في ذلك باختلاف تعليمهم في إماتة القوى الحسية وتغذية الروح العاقل بالذكر حتى يحصل للنفس إدراكها التي لها من ذاتها بتمام نشوتها وتغذيتها فإذا حصل ذلك زعموا أن الوجود قد انحصر في مداركها حينئذ وأنهم اكتشفوا ذوات الوجود وتصوروا حقائقها كلها من العرش إلى الطش هكذا قال الغزالي في كتاب: الإحياء بعد أن ذكر صورة الرياضة.
ثم إن هذا الكشف لا يكون صحيحا كاملا عندهم إلا إذا كان ناشئا عن الاستقامة: لأن الكشف قد يحصل لصاحب الجوع والخلوة وإن لم تكن هناك استقامة كالسحرة والنصارى وغيرهم من المرتاضين وليس مراده إلا الكشف الناشئ عن الاستقامة ومثاله أن المرآة الصقلية إذا كانت محدبة أو مقعرة وحوذي بها جهة المرئي فإنه يتشكل فيه معرجا على غير صورته وإن كانت مسطحة تشكل فيها المرئي صحيحا فالاستقامة للنفس كالانبساط للمرآة فيما ينطبع فيها من الأحوال ولما عني المتأخرون بهذا النوع من الكشف تكلموا في حقائق الموجودات العلوية والسفلية وحقائق الملك والروح والعرش والكرسي وأمثال ذلك وقصرت مدارك من لم يشاركهم في طريقهم عن فهم أذواقهم ومواجدهم في ذلك وأهل القيابين منكر عليهم ومسلم لهم وليس البرهان والدليل بنافع في هذه الطريق ردا وقبولا إذ هي من قبيل الوجدانيات وربما قصد بعض المصنفين بيان مذهبهم في كشف الوجود وترتيب حقائقه فأتى بالأغمض فالأغمض بالنسبة إلى أهل النظر والاصطلاحات والعلوم كما فعل الفرغاني شارح قصيدة ابن الفارض في: الديباجة التي كتبها في صدر ذلك الشرح فإنه ذكر في صدور الوجود عن الفاعل وترتيبه: أن الوجود كله صادر عن صفة الوحدانية التي هي مظهر الأحدية وهما معا صادران عن الذات الكريمة التي هي عين الوحدة لا غير ويسمون هذا الصدور بالتجلي وأول مراتب التجليات عندهم تجلي الذات على نفسه وهو يتضمن الكمال بإفاضة الإيجاد والظهور لقوله في الحديث1 الذي يتناقلونه: كنت كنزا مخفيا فأحببت أن أعرف فخلقت الخلق ليعرفوني.
وهذا الكمال في الإيجاد المتنزل في الوجود وتفصيل الحقائق وهو عندهم عالم المعاني والحضرة الكمالية والحقيقة المحمدية وفيها حقائق الصفات واللوح والقلم وحقائق الأنبياء والرسل أجمعين والكمال من أهل الملة المحمدية وهذا كله تفصيل الحقيقة المحمدية ويصدر عن هذه الحقائق حقائق أخرى في الحضرة البهائية وهي مرتبة المثال ثم عنها العرش ثم الكرسي ثم الأفلاك ثم عالم العناصر ثم عالم التركيب.
هذا في عالم الرتق فإذا تجلت فهي في عالم الفتق ويسمى هذا المذهب: مذهب أهل التجلي والمظاهر والحضرات وهو كلام يقتدر أهل النظر على تحصيل مقتضاه لغموضه وانغلاقه وبعد ما بين كلام صاحب المشاهدة والوجدان وصاحب الدليل وربما أنكر بظاهر الشرع هذا الترتيب وكذلك ذهب آخرون منهم إلى القول: بالوحدة المطلقة وهو رأي أغرب من الأول في تعقله وتفاريعه يزعمون فيه أن الوجود له قوى في تفاصيله بها كانت حقائق الموجودات وصورها وموادها والعناصر إنما كانت بما فيها من القوى وكذلك مادتها لها في نفسها قوة بها كان وجودها ثم إن المركبات فيها تلك القوى متضمنة في القوة التي كان بها التركيب كالقوة المعدنية فيها قوى العناصر بميولها وزيادة القوة المعدنية ثم القوة الحيوانية ثم الفلك يتضمن القوة الإنسانية وزيادة وكذا الذوات الروحانية والقوة الجامعة للكل من غير تفصيل هي: القوة الإلهية التي انبثت في جميع الموجودات كلية وجزئية وجمعتها وأحاطت بها من كل وجه لا من جهة الظهور ولا من جهة الخفاء ولا من جهة الصورة ولا من جهة المادة فالكل واحد وهو نفس الذات الإلهية وهي في الحقيقة واحدة بسيطة والاعتبار هو المفصل لها كالإنسانية مع الحيوانية ألا ترى أنها مندرجة فيها وكائنة بكونها فتارة يمثلونها بالجنس مع النوع في كل موجود كما ذكرناه وتارة بالكل مع الجزء على طريقة المثال وهم في هذا كله يفرون من التركيب والكثرة بوجه من الوجوه وإنما أوجبها عندهم الوهم والخيال.
والذي يظهر من كلام ابن دهقان في تقرير هذا المذهب أن حقيقة ما يقولونه في الوحدة شبيه بما يقوله الحكماء في الألوان: من أن وجودها مشروطة بالضوء فإذا عدم الضوء لم تكن الألوان موجودة بوجه وكذا عندهم الموجودات المحسوسة كلها مشروطة بوجود المدرك الحسي بل والموجودات المعقولة والمتوهمة أيضا مشروطة بوجود المدرك العقلي فإذا الوجود المفصل كله مشروط بوجود المدرك البشري فلو فرضنا عدم المدرك البشري جملة لم يكن هناك تفصيل الوجود بل هو بسيط واحد فالحر والبرد والصلابة واللين بل والأرض والماء والنار والسماء والكواكب إنما وجدت لوجود الحواس المدركة لها لما جعل في المدرك من التفصيل الذي ليس في الموجود وإنما هو في المدرك فقط فإذا فقدت المدارك المفصلة فلا تفصيل إنما هو إدراك واحد وهو أنا لا غيره ويعتبرون ذلك بحال النائم فإنه إذا نام وفقد الحس الظاهر فقد كل محسوس وهو في تلك الحالة إلا ما يفصله له الخيال.
قالوا: فكذا اليقظان إنما يعتبر تلك المدركات كلها على التفصيل بنوع مدركه البشري ولو قدر فقد مدركة فقد التفصيل وهذا هو معنى قولهم: الموهم لا الوهم الذي هو من جملة المدارك البشرية.
وهذا ملخص رأيهم على ما يفهم من كلام ابن دهقان وهو في غاية السقوط لأنا نقطع بوجود البلد الذي نحن مسافرون عنه وإليه يقينا مع غيبته عن أعيننا وبوجود السماء المظلة والكواكب وسائر الأشياء الغائبة عنا.
والإنسان قاطع بذلك ولا يكابر أحد نفسه في اليقين مع أن المحققين من المتصوفة المتأخرين يقولون: إن المريد عند الكشف ربما يعرض له توهم هذه الوحدة ويسمى ذلك عندهم مقام الجمع ثم يترقى عنه إلى التمييز بين الموجودات ويعبرون عن ذلك بمقام الفرق وهو مقام العارف المحقق ولا بد للمريد عندهم من عقبة الجمع وهي عقبة صعبة لأنه يخشى على المريد من وقوفه عندها فتخسر صفقته فقد تبينت مراتب أهل هذه الطريقة.
ثم إن هؤلاء المتأخرين من المتصوفة المتكلمين في الكشف وفيما وراء الحس توغلوا في ذلك فذهب الكثير منهم إلى الحلول والوحدة كما أشرنا إليه وملأوا الصحف منه مثل الهروي في كتاب: المقامات له وغيره وتبعهم ابن العربي وابن سبعين وتلميذهما ابن العفيف وابن الفارض والنجم الإسرائيلي في قصائدهم. وكان سلفهم مخالطين للإسماعيلية المتأخرين من الرافضة الدائنين أيضا بالحلول وإلاهية الأئمة مذهبا لم يعرف لأولهم فأشرب كل واحد من الفريقين مذهب الآخر واختلط كلامهم وتشابهت عقائدهم وظهر في كلام المتصوفة القول بالقطب معناه: رأس العارفين يزعمون أنه لا يمكن يساويه أحد في مقامه في المعرفة حتى يقبضه الله ثم يورث مقامه الآخر من أهل العرفان.
وقد أشار إلى ذلك ابن سينا في كتاب: الإشارات في فصول التصوف منها فقال: جل جناب الحق أن يكون شرحه لكل وارد أو يطلع عليه إلا الواحد بعد الواحد وهذا كلام لا تقوم عليه حجة عقلية ولا دليل شرعي وإنما هو من أنواع الخطابة وهو بعينه ما تقوله الرافضة ودانوا به.
ثم قالوا بترتيب وجود الأبدال بعد هذا القطب كما قاله الشيعة في: النقباء حتى أنهم لما أسندوا لباس خرقة التصوف ليجعلوه أصلا لطريقتهم وتخليهم رفعوه إلى علي - رضي الله عنه - وهو من هذا المعنى أيضا وإلا فعلي - رضي الله عنه - لم يختص من بين الصحابة بتخلية ولا طريقة في لباس ولا حال بل كان أبو بكر وعمر - رضي الله عنهما - أزهد الناس بعد رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وأكثرهم عبادة ولم يختص أحد منهم في الدين بشيء يؤثر عنه في الخصوص بل كان الصحابة كلهم أسوة في الدين والزهد والمجاهدة يشهد لذلك من كلام هؤلاء المتصوفة في أمر الفاطمي وما شجنوا كتبهم به في ذلك مما ليس لسلف المتصوفة فيه كلام بنفي أو إثبات وإنما هو مأخوذ من كلام الشيعة والرافضة ومذاهبهم في كتبهم - والله يهدي إلى الحق.
ثم إن كثيرا من الفقهاء وأهل الفتيا انتدبوا للرد على هؤلاء المتأخرين في هذه المقالات وأمثالها وشملوا بالنكير وسائر ما وقع لهم في الطريقة والحق أن كلامهم معهم فيه تفصيل فإن كلامهم في أربعة مواضع: أحدها الكلام على المجاهدات وما يحصل من الأذواق والمواجد ومحاسبة النفس على الأعمال لتحصل تلك الأذواق التي تصير مقاما ويترقى منه إلى غيره كما قلناه.
وثانيها: الكلام في الكشف والحقيقة المدركة من عالم الغيب مثل: الصفات الربانية والعرش والكرسي والملائكة والوحي والنبوة والروح وحقائق كل موجود غائب أو شاهد وتركيب الأكوان في صدورها عن موجدها وتكونها كما مر.
وثالثها: التصرفات في العوالم والأكوان بأنواع الكرامات.
ورابعها: ألفاظ موهمة الظاهر صدرت من كثير من أئمة القوم يعبرون عنها في اصطلاحهم بالشطحيات تستشكل ظواهرها فمنكر ومحسن ومتأول.
فأما الكلام في المجاهدات والمقامات وما يحصل من الأذواق والمواجد في نتائجها ومحاسبة النفس على التــقصير في أسبابها فأمر لا مدفع فيه لأحد وأذواقهم فيه صحيحة والتحقيق بها هو عين السعادة.
وأما الكلام في كرامات القوم وأخبارهم1 بالمغيبات وتصرفهم في الكائنات فأمر صحيح غير منكر، وإن مال بعض العلماء إلى إنكارها فليس ذلك من الحق وما احتج به الأستاذ أبو إسحاق الإسفرائيني من أئمة الأشعرية على إنكارها لالتباسها بالمعجزة فقد فرق المحققون من أهل السنة بينهما بالتحدي وهو: دعوى وقوع المعجزة على وفق ما جاء به قالوا: ثم إن وقوعها على وفق دعوى الكاذب غير مقدور: لأن دلالة المعجرة على الصدق عقلية فإن صفة نفسها التصديق فلو وقعت مع الكاذب لتبدلت صفة نفسها وهو محال هذا مع أن الوجود شاهد بوقوع الكثير من هذه الكرامات وإنكارها نوع مكابرة وقد وقع للصحابة وأكابر السلف كثير من ذلك وهو معلوم مشهور.
وأما الكلام في الكشف وإعطاء حقائق العلويات وترتيب صدور الكائنات فأكثر كلامهم فيه نوع من المتشابه لما أنه وجداني عندهم وفاقد الوجدان عندهم بمعزل عن أذواقهم فيه واللغات لا تعطي دلالة على مرادهم منه لأنها لم توضع إلا للمتعارف وأكثر من المحسوسات فينبغي أن لا نتعرض لكلامهم في ذلك ونتركه فيما تركناه من المتشابه ومن رزقه الله فهم شيء من هذه الكلمات على الوجه الموافق لظاهر الشريعة - فأكرم بها سعادة.
وأما الألفاظ الموهمة التي يعبرون عنها بالشطيحات ويؤاخذهم بها أهل الشرع فاعلم أن الإنصاف في شأن القوم أنهم أهل غيبة عن الحس والواردات تملكهم حتى ينطقوا عنهما بما لا يقصدونه وصاحب الغيبة غير مخاطب والمجبور معذور فمن علم منهم فضله واقتداؤه حمل على القصد الجميل من هذا وإن العبارة عن المواجد صعبة: لفقدان الوضع لها كما وقع لأبي يزيد وأمثاله ومن لم يعلم فضله ولا اشتهر فمؤاخذ بما صدر عنه من ذلك إذا لم يتبين لنا ما يحملنا على تأويل كلامه وأما من تكلم بمثلها وهو حاضر في حسه ولم يملكه الحال فمؤاخذ أيضا ولهذا أفتى الفقهاء وأكابر المتصوفة بقتل الحلاج: لأنه تكلم في حضور وهو مالك لحاله والله أعلم.
وسلف المتصوفة من أهل الرسالة أعلام الملة الذين أشرنا إليهم من قبل لم يكن لهم حرص على كشف الحجاب ولا هذا النوع من الإدراك إنما همهم الاتباع والاقتداء ما استطاعوا ومن عرض له شيء من ذلك عرض عنه ولم يحفل به بل يفرون منه ويرون أنه من العوائق والمحن وأنه إدراك من إدراكات النفس مخلوق حادث وأن الموجودات لا تنحصر في مدارك الإنسان وعلم الله أوسع وخلقه أكبر وشريعته بالهداية أملك فلا ينطقون بشيء مما يدركون بل حظروا الخوض في ذلك ومنعوا من يكشف له الحجاب من أصحابهم من الخوض فيه والوقوف عنده بل يلتزمون طريقتهم كما كانوا في عالم الحس قبل الكشف من الاتباع والاقتداء ويأمرون أصحابهم بالتزامها.
وهكذا ينبغي أن يكون حال المريد والله الموفق للصواب. انتهى كلام ابن خلدون رحمه الله.
وما ذكر من كرامات الأولياء فهو حق يدل عليه القرآن والسنة وما ذكر من التصرفات في العوالم والأخبار عن المغيبات ففيه نظر وتفصيل ذكر في محله فليعلم - والله أعلم.