رد

أ1 رَدَأَ الحَائِطَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. رَدْءٌ,] He supported, propped, or stayed, the wall, (ISh, T, K,) by means of a piece of timber or wood, or a buttress or the like, to prevent its falling; (ISh, T;) as also ↓ ارادأهُ: (Yoo, T, K:) or رَدَأَ الحَائِطَ بِبِنَآءٍ [he supported the wall by a structure;] he attached a structure to the wall. (M.) b2: Hence, (T,) رَدَأَهُ بِهِ He strengthened and supported him, or it, by means of it, (Lth, T, M, * K,) namely, a person by a thing, (Lth, T,) or a thing by a thing, (M,) like as one strengthens and supports a wall by means of a structure which he attaches thereto; (T;) as also ↓ ارادأهُ. (T, * K.) And رَدَأَهُ, (Mgh, TA,) inf. n. رَدْءٌ, (Mgh,) He helped, aided, or assisted, him; (Mgh, TA;) as also ↓ اردأهُ: (T, S, M, Msb, K:) and رَدَأْتُهُ and ↓ أَرْدَأْتُهُ, (T,) or بِنَفْسِى ↓ أَرْدَأْتُهُ, (S,) I was, or became, a helper, an aider, or an assistant, to him. (T, S.) b3: Hence also, (i. e., from ردأ الحَائط,) رَدَأَ الإِبِلَ (tropical:) He took good care of the camels, (A, K, TA,) in tending and pasturing them. (A, TA.) b4: and رَدَأَهُ بِحَجَرٍ He cast a stone at him; (M, K;) like [رَدَاهُ, mentioned in art. ردى, and] دَرَأَهُ. (M.) A2: رَدُؤَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. رَدَآءَةٌ, (T, S, M, K, &c.,) for which one should not say رَدَاوَةٌ; (T;) and Th mentions also رَدَأَ and رَدِىءَ as syn. with رَدُؤَ, but these are strange; and more strange is what is said in the Msb, namely, رَدَا aor. ـْ part. n. رَدِىٌّ, [as a dial. var.,] asserted by IDrst, in the Expos. of the Fs, to be erroneous, and peculiar to the vulgar; (MF, TA;) It (a thing, T, S, M, Msb,) [and he, see رَدِىْءٌ, its part. n.,] was, or became, bad, corrupt, vitious, depraved, or the like; (S, M, Msb, * K;) or of no rank, or estimation; low, ignoble, vile, or mean; (Msb;) [disapproved, disliked, hated, or abominable: (see رَدِىْءٌ:)] and he was, or became, weak, and impotent, so as to be in want or need. (TA from the Expositions of the Fs.) 2 رَدَّاَ see the next paragraph.4 اردأهُ: see 1, in five places. b2: Also He settled, established, or confirmed, him, or it, (K, TA,) in his, or its, state. (TA.) b3: He stilled, or quieted, him, or it. (K.) b4: And He let it down; namely, a veil, or curtain. (K.) A2: Also He rendered it bad, corrupt, vitious, depraved, or the like; (S, K;) namely, a thing; said of a man; (S;) [and ↓ ردّآهُ is used in the same sense: (see 1 in art. جشب:)] he made, or asserted, or held, it (a thing) to be رَدِىء [or bad, &c.]. (TA.) b2: And اردأ signifies He did a thing, or a deed, that was رَدِىْء [or bad, &c.]: or he met with, or experienced, (أَصَابَ,) a thing that was رَدِىْء. (M, K.) A3: اردأ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ It exceeded another thing; as also أَرْدَى: (M:) [or the latter only:] accord. to IAar, one says اردأ عَلَى السِّتِّينَ, with ء, (M,) and, accord. to Lth, على الخَمْسِينَ, (TA,) and, [accord. to F,] على مِائَةٍ, (K,) meaning He exceeded [the age of sixty, and fifty, and a hundred]: (M, K, TA:) but Az says that اردأ, with ء, [in these phrases,] though authorized by Lth, is wrong; (TA;) and accord. to A' Obeyed, one says أَرْدَيْتُ. (M. [It is added, however, in the M, that اردأ may perhaps be also used in poetry in the same sense without the prep. على.]) 5 تَرَدَّؤُوا They helped, aided, or assisted, one another. (Lth, M, TA.) رِدْءٌ A buttress, or the like, by means of which a wall is strengthened and supported. (T.) [This is the primary signification. See also رِدٌّ, in art. رد.] b2: [Or] the primary meaning is A thing by means of which one is helped, aided, or assisted; such as the دِفْء [or thing by which one is rendered warm, or protected from the cold wind]. (Bd in xxviii. 34; where it has the meaning next following, as is said in the T and S.) b3: A helper, an aider, or an assistant. (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K.) You say, فُلَانٌ رِدْءٌ لِفُلَانٍ Such a one is an aider and a strengthener to such a one. (T.) b4: And i. q. مَادَّةٌ [app. as meaning An accession; or a thing that is added, whatever it be, to another thing]. (M, K.) b5: And (tropical:) i. q. عِدْلٌ [i. e. A burden that balances another burden on the other side of a beast]; (T, TA;) so called because one such ردء supports another: (TA:) and a heavy عِدْل: (T, K, TA:) pl. أَرْدَآءٌ. (T, TA.) رِدَآءٌ: see art. ردى.

رَدِىْءٌ, applied to a thing, (T, S, M, Msb,) and to a man, (M, TA,) Bad, corrupt, vitious, depraved, or the like; (S, M, Msb, * K;) of no rank, or estimation; low, ignoble, vile, or mean; (Msb;) disapproved, disliked, hated, or abominable: and weak, and impotent, so as to be in want or need: and accord to the Msb, one says also رَدِىٌّ; [there said to be a dial. var.;] but this is asserted by IDrst, in the Expos. of the Fs, to be erroneous, and peculiar to the vulgar: (TA:) pl. أَرْدِئَآءُ, with two hemzehs, (M, K,) applied to a people, or company of men. (M.) أَرْدَأُ Worse, and worst; more, and most, corrupt &c.]

مِرْدَأَةٌ A stone which a strong man can hardly lift with both his hands; (TA;) as also مِرْدَاةٌ. (ISh, TA in art. ردى.)

رسب

1 رَسَبَ, (S, M, A, &c.,) aor. ـُ (M, A, &c.,) inf. n. رُسُوبٌ (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and رَسْبٌ; (Msb;) and رَسُبَ, aor. ـُ (M, A, K;) It (a thing, S, Msb) sank, or subsided, (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) in water [&c.]. (S, M, A, Mgh, K.) b2: [Hence,] رَسَبَتْ عَيْنَاهُ (tropical:) His eyes sank [in their sockets]. (S, A.) b3: And السَّيْفُ يَرْسُبُ فِى الضَّريبَةِ (tropical:) The sword sinks, or disappears, in the thing struck with it. (TA.) 2 رسّب It precipitated a substance, or caused it to sink in a liquid: used in this sense in chymical works; but probably post-classical. See what next follows.]4 ارسب It caused [a thing] to sink: hence, in a trad., describing the people of Hell, إِذَا طَفَتْ بِهِمُ النَّارُ أَرْسَبَتْهُمُ الأَغْلَالُ When the fire shall raise them, and make them. to appear [or rather to swim upon its surface], the collars, by reason of their weight, shall make them to sink to the bottom thereof. (TA.) A2: And ارسبوا Their eyes sank in their heads by reason of hunger. (K, TA.) 5 ترسّب It (a substance) became precipitated, or was caused to sink, in a liquid: used in this sense in chymical works; but probably postclassical.]

رَسَبٌ and رُسَبٌ: see the next paragraph.

رَسُوبٌ [What is wont to sink, or subside, in water &c. b2: And hence,] Dregs amid water and blood: in this sense improperly pronounced رُسُوبٌ. (KL. [Golius, as on the same authority, explains it as meaning sedimentum aquæ, urinæ, etc.: hypostasis. See also the next paragraph.]) b3: [Hence also,] (tropical:) A sword (S, M, A, K) that penetrates into, (S,) or that disappears in, (M, A, K,) the thing struck with it; (S, M, A, K;) and so ↓ رَسَبٌ (M, K) and ↓ رُسَبٌ (K, TA) and ↓ مِرْسَبٌ. (A, K, TA. [In the CK, by the omission of وَ after the last, this and the last but one are made to be appellations of a sword of Mohammad or of Soloman, and of a sword of El-Hárith Ibn-AbeeShemir.]) b4: And (assumed tropical:) The glans of the penis: (M, K:) app. because of its disappearance on the occasion of the act of جِمَاعِ. (M.) b5: and (assumed tropical:) Forbearing, or element; as also ↓ رَاسِبٌ. (K.) رُسَابَةُ المَآءش (JK and Mgh and K in art. تقن [in CK erroneously رَسَابَة]) [The sediment of water;] the thick matter that is borne by water [and that sinks to the bottom]. (Lth, Mgh in that art.) رَسُوبِىٌّ and ↓ مُتَرَسِّبٌ, terms used by Ibn-Seenà, are explained by Golius as meaning Having, or depositing, a sediment: but the former rather means having the nature of dregs, or sediment: and the latter, becoming, or that becomes, precipitated.]

رَاسِبٌ (tropical:) A firm mountain. (M, A, K.) b2: See also رُسُوبٌ.

رَوْسَبٌ A calamity, or misfortune; (K;) as also رَوْسَمٌ. (TA.) مِرْسَبٌ: see رَسُوبٌ.

مَرَاسِبُ i. q. أَوَاسٍ [pl. of آسِيَةٌ, and app. here meaning Columns, or props]. (K.) مُتَرَسِّبٌ: see رَسُوبِىٌّ.

رغب

1 رَغِبَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَغْبَةٌ (JK, TA) and رَغْبَى (JK) [and app. رَغَبٌ &c. as in the next sentence but one], He desired a thing [app. in an absolute sense, agreeably with what follows in the next sentence but one: and also,] vehemently, eagerly, greedily, very greedily, with avidity, excessively, or culpably; he coveted a thing, longed for it, or lusted after it. (TA.) رَغَبُ النَّفْسِ means The [soul's] hoping largely, and desiring much. (TA.) b2: رَغِبَ فِيهِ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) and رَغِبَهُ, (Msb, TA,) aor. ـَ (K, TA,) inf. n. رَغْبَةٌ (S, A, * Mgh, K) and رَغَبٌ (S, Msb) and رَغْبٌ (Mgh, Msb, K) and رُغْبٌ (K) and رُغْبَى (A, * Msb) and رَغْبَى (Msb) and رَغْبَآءُ, (A, * Msb,) He desired it, or wished for it; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also فيه ↓ ارتغب. (S, K.) You say, مَا لِى فِيهِ رَغْبَةٌ and رُغْبَى and رَغْبَآءُ [I have not any desire, or wish, for it]. (A.) and رُهْبَاكَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ رُغْبَاكَ, i. e. The fearing thee is better than the loving thee; رهباك being an inf. n. prefixed to an objective complement; and so رغباك: and said to mean, thy being given a thing through fear of thee is better than through desire: a prov., similar to رَهَبُوتٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ رَحَمُوتٍ. (Meyd. [Freytag explains it otherwise: see his Arab. Prov. i. 542.]) b3: رَغِبَ عَنْهُ He did not desire it, or wish for it; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) he shunned, or avoided, it; abstained from it; (S, TA;) or left it, relinquished it, or forsook it, (JK, S, TA,) intentionally. (JK, TA.) b4: رَغِبَ

إِلَيْهِ, inf. n. رَغَبٌ (K) and رَغْبٌ and رُغْبٌ (TA) and رُغْبَى (Mgh, * K) and رَغْبَى (K) and رَغْبَآءُ (A, * K) and رَغْبَةٌ (Mgh, * TA) and رُغْبَةٌ and رَغَبَةٌ and رَغَبُوتٌ, and رَغَبُوتَى and رَغَبَانٌ, (K,) He made petition to him, addressed a petition to him, asked him, petitioned him, sought of him, or demanded of him: (TA:) or he prayed to him, or supplicated him, with humility or abasement, or with sincerity or earnestness or energy: or he humbled, or abased, himself, and made petition to him. (K, A, TA.) You say, رَغِبَ إِلَى فُلَانٍ فِى كَذَا He made petition to such a one, petitioned him, or asked him, for such a thing. (TA.) And إِلَى

اللّٰهِ أَرْغَبُ To God I humble, or abase, myself, and make petition; syn. أَضْرَعُ: and إِلَيْهش أَرْفَعُ رَغْبَتِى

[To Him I raise my humble petition]. (A.) and الرُّهْبَى مِنَ اللّٰهِ وَالرُّغْبَى إِلَيْهِ [Fear should be of God; (not of a creature;) and petition, &c., should be to Him]. (Lth, TA in art. رهب.) See also another ex. in a verse cited voce رَغِيبَةٌ. b5: رَغِبَ بِنَفْسِهِ عَنْهُ [lit. He made himself to be not desirous of, or to shun, or abstain from, or leave, him, or it; the ب having the same effect as in ذَهَبَ بِهِ &c.; and hence,] he held himself above, or superior to, him, or it. (K.) And رَغِبْتُ بِفُلَانٍ عَنْ هٰذَا I made such a one to shun, abstain from, or leave, this, disliking it for him. (MF.) A2: رَغُبَ (assumed tropical:) It (anything) was, or became, wide, or ample. (TA. [See also 6.]) You say, رَغُبَ الوَادِى, aor. ـُ inf. n. رُغْبٌ and رُغُبٌ (K) and رَغَابَةٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) The valley was large and wide, taking, or receiving, much water. (K, * TA.) And رَغُبَتِ الأَرْضُ, inf. n. رُغْبٌ [&c.], (assumed tropical:) The land was soft (S, TA) and wide, with even, or sandy, soil: (TA:) or (S, TA) took much water; (TA;) was such as would not flow unless in consequence of much rain. (S, TA.) b2: And [hence,] رَغُبَ, inf. n. رُغْبٌ (S, K *) and رُغُبٌ, (K, * TA,) (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, voracious, a great eater; (K, TA;) very greedy, or gluttonous; (S, K, TA;) vehemently, excessively, or culpably, desirous of worldly goods, and one who made himself to be large, or abundant, therein: or as some say, large in his hopes, and desirous of much. (TA.) Accord. to the T, رُغْبُ البَطْنِ signifies (assumed tropical:) Voracity: and رُغْبٌ, alone, as occurring in a trad., is explained as meaning capaciousness of the belly, and voracity. (TA.) And رَغُبَ رَأْيُهُ, inf. n. رُغْبٌ, (tropical:) He was, or became, liberal, or bountiful, and large in opinion or judgment. (A.) 2 رغّبهُ فِى شَىْءٍ, [inf. n. تَرْغِيبٌ,] He made him to desire, or wish for, a thing; (S, * MA, K; *) as also فيه ↓ ارغبهُ. (S, * K: *) both signify the same. (S.) You say, رَغَّبْتُهُ فِى صُحْبَتِهِ [I made him to desire, or wish for, his companionship]. (A.) b2: And رغّبهُ, inf. n. تَرْغِيبٌ; (IAar, TA;) and رغّب إِلَيْهِ; (TA;) He gave him what he desired, or wished for. (IAar, TA.) b3: [رغّب is also said by Golius to signify Cupivit avide et expetivit; as on the authority of the KL: but this signification is not in my copy of that work, nor do I find it in any other lexicon.]3 راغب is said by Golius, as on the authority of the KL, and by Freytag after him, to signify Cupiditatem monstravit: but it is not mentioned in any sense in my copy of the KL, nor have I found it in any other lexicon.]4 أَرْغَبَ see 2. b2: [ارغبهُ app. signifies also He made it wide, or ample. b3: And hence,] أَرْغَبَ اللّٰهُ قَدْرَكَ means (tropical:) May God enlarge thy power, and make its steps to extend far. (A, TA.) 6 تراغبوا فِيِه They vied, one with another, in desiring it; or they desired it with emulation; syn. تنافسوا فيه. (A and TA in art. نفس.) b2: تراغب المَكَانُ (assumed tropical:) The place was, or became, wide, or ample. (TA. [See also رَغُبَ.]) 8 إِرْتَغَبَ see 1, third sentence.

رَغِبٌ: see رَغِيبٌ, second sentence.

رُغُبٌ: see رَغَابٌ, and رَعِيبٌ; with both of which it is synonymous. b2: It is also a pl. of the latter, (L in art. أسد,) and of رَغِبٌ. (TA.) رَغْبَةٌ A desire, or wish: pl. رَغَبَاتٌ. (Mgh, Msb.) Hence, قَلَّتْ رَغَبَاتُ النَّاسِ [The desires, or wishes, of the people, or of mankind, became few]. (Mgh.) b2: See also رَغِيبَةٌ.

رَغْبَى: see رَغِيبَةٌ.

رَغَبُوتٌ, an epithet applied to a man, [signifying One who makes petition; who asks, petitions, seeks, or demands: or who prays, or supplicates, with humility or abasement, or with sincerity or earnestness or energy: or who humbles, or abases, himself, and makes petition: originally an inf. n. of رَغِبَ إِلَيْهِ; or] from الرَّغْبَةُ. (S, TA. [In one copy of the former erroneously written رَغَبُوبٌ; in another, رَغْبُوبٌ; and in another, omitted.]) رُغْبَانَةٌ The [knot called] سَعْدَانَة of a sandal; (K;) i. e. the knot beneath the [appertenance called] شِسْع [which passes through the sole and between two of the toes, and to which the شِرَاكَ, also called زِمَام, is attached]. (TA.) أَرْضٌ رَغَابٌ (A'Obeyd, ISk, S, K) and ↓ رُغُبٌ (K) (assumed tropical:) Land that is soft, (A'Obeyd, S, K, TA,) and wide, with even, or sandy, soil: (K, TA:) or (S, K, TA) that takes much water; (TA;) that will not flow unless in consequence of much rain. (ISk, S, K, TA.) رَغِيبٌ (assumed tropical:) Wide, or ample; applied in this sense to a watering-trough or tank, and to a skin for water or milk, (S, TA,) &c.: pl. رِغَابٌ (TA) and رُغُبٌ. (L in art. أسد.) You say also ↓ طَرِيقٌ رَغِبٌ (assumed tropical:) A wide road: pl. رُغُبٌ. (TA.) And مَكَانٌ

↓ مُرَاغِبٌ (assumed tropical:) A wide, or an ample, place. (TA.) And ↓ وَادٍ رُغُبٌ (assumed tropical:) A wide valley; (TA;) [and] so وَادٍ رَغِيبٌ: (JK:) or (tropical:) a wide valley, that takes much water; as also رَغِيبٌ; (AHn, K;) contr. of وَادٍ زهِيدٌ. (TA.) And طَعْنَةٌ رَغِيبَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A wide wound inflicted with a spear or the like. (TA.) And سَيْفٌ رَغِيبٌ (assumed tropical:) A wide sword, that inflicts a large wound. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A man, or other animal, (K,) having a capacious inside, or belly: (S, K:) pl. رِغَابٌ. (TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) Voracious; a great eater: (A, K: [but accord. to the former, not tropical in this sense:]) desirous of much eating: (Msb:) very greedy, or gluttonous: (S, K: [see also رِغِّيبٌ:]) vehemently, excessively, or culpably, desirous of worldly goods; and one who makes himself to be large, or abundant, therein: or large in his hopes, and desirous of much: (TA:) and رَغِيبُ الجَوْفِ a man who is a great eater; (TA;) or capacious in the inside, or belly, and a great eater: (JK:) and بَطْنٌ رَغِيبٌ a belly that devours much. (Ham p. 418.) b4: هُوَ رَغِيبُ العَيْنِ, (T and A and TA in art. زهد,) and لَهُ عَيْنٌ رَغِيبَةٌ, (A in that art.,) (assumed tropical:) He is not content but with much; contr. of هو زَهِيدُ العَيْنِ, (T and A in that art.,) and of لَهُ عَيْنٌ زَهِيدَةٌ. (A in that art.) [رَعِيبُ العَيْنِ has a different meaning: see art. رعب.] b5: فَرَسٌ رَغِيبُ الشَّحْوَةٍ (S, in a copy of the A and in the TA الشحو,) (tropical:) A horse of wide step, that takes a large space of ground (A, TA) with his legs: pl. رِغَابٌ. (TA.) b6: إِبِلٌ رِغَابٌ, the latter word being the pl. form, (assumed tropical:) Camels yielding a copious supply of milk, and very profitable. (IAth, TA) And (assumed tropical:) Many camels. (TA.) b7: حِمْلٌ رَغِيبٌ and ↓ مُرْتَغِبٌ (assumed tropical:) A heavy load. (TA.) رَغِيبَةٌ A thing desired, or wished for; (K;) as also ↓ رَغْبَةٌ: (Ham p. 501:) a thing of high account or estimation; that is desired, or wished for: pl. رَغَائِبُ. (A, Mgh.) You say, إِنَّهُ لَوَهُوبٌ, لِكُلِّ رَغِيبَةٍ, i. e. [Verily he is a liberal giver] of everything that is desired. (TA.) [And ↓ رَغْبَى

has a similar meaning; for] you say also, أَصَبْتُ مِنْهُ الرَّغْبَى, i. e. I obtained from him abundance of what I desired. (TA.) b2: A large gift: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) pl. as above. (S, Mgh, Msb.) A poet (En-Nemir Ibn-Towlab, TA) says, وَمَتَى تُصِبْكَ خَصَاصَةٌ فَارْجُ الغِنَى

وَإِلَى الَّذِى يُعْطِى الرَّغَائِبَ فَارْغَبِ [And when poverty befalls thee, then hope thou for competence, and to Him who gives large gifts humble thyself, and make petition]. (S, * TA.) b3: And A large recompense that one desires to obtain [in the world to come] by prayer: (El-Kilábee, TA:) or that which is wished for by one who has large hope and who desires much: whence the prayer called صَلَاةُ الرَّغَائِبِ [generally said to be a supererogatory prayer]. (TA.) الرُّغَابَى, like الرُّغَامَى (JK, K) and الرُّعَامَى, (TA,) What is called the زِيَادَة of the liver. (JK, K.) رِغِّيبٌ Very, or intensely, or exceedingly, desirous of much eating. (Msb.) [See also رَغِيبٌ.]

رَاغِبٌ Desiring, or wishing; (K;) [as in the phrase رَاغِبٌ فِى كَذَا desiring, or wishing for, such a thing;] and so ↓ مُرْتَغِبٌ. (TA.) مَرْغَبٌ [A place, or time, of desire or wish: and hence, an object thereof]. You say, خَطَبَ فَأَصَابَ المَرْغَبَ [app. meaning He demanded a woman in marriage, and attained the object of desire]. (A.) مُرْغِبٌ (tropical:) Possessing competence or sufficiency; rich, or wealthy; (K, TA;) possessing much property. (JK, TA.) مَرْغَبَةٌ: see مَرَاغِبُ.

مَرْغُوبٌ فِيهِ Desired, or wished for. b2: مَرْغُوبٌ عَنْهُ Not desired, &c. b3: مَرْغُوبٌ إِلَيْهِ Petitioned, &c.: see an ex. voce مَرْهُوبٌ.]

هُوَ مُرَغَّبٌ لَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا To him are allowed, or permitted, such and such things; like مُسَعَّبٌ and مُسَغَّبٌ. (TA in art. سعب.) مَرَاغِبُ [lit. Causes of desire; sing., if used, ↓ مَرْغَبَةٌ, a word of the same class as مَبْخَلَةٌ and مَجْبَنَةٌ &c.: and hence,] things that are eagerly desired, or coveted; syn. أَطْمَاعٌ [which also signifies soldiers' stipends, or allowances]: (TA:) and (TA) things that are desired to be gained for subsistence, or sustenance; i. q. مضطربات لِلْمَعَاشِ. (K, TA. [In the CK, the former of the two nouns in this explanation is مُضْطَرِبات: in two MS. copies of the K, it is without the syll. signs: the right reading is evidently مُضْطَرَبَات, syn. with مُكْتَسَبَات: Freytag renders the explanation personæ quæ in rebus quæ spectant ad victum perturbatæ et anxiæ sunt; deriving this meaning from the rendering in the TK: Golius, with a near approach to correctness, renders it res ad sustentandam vitam necessariæ; but he has given this explanation as on the authority of J, by whom it is not mentioned; and has put مَرَاغِبٌ for مَرَاغِبُ.]) مُرَاغِبٌ: see رَغِيبٌ.

مُرْتَغِبٌ: see رَاغِبٌ. b2: See also رَغِيبٌ, last sentence. b3: Also (assumed tropical:) A large, big, bulky, or corpulent, man. (JK.)

رنب

أَرْنَبٌ [The hare; and now applied to the rabbit also;] a certain animal, (TA,) well known, (M, A, K, TA,) like the عناق [?], having short fore legs and long hind legs, that treads the ground with the hinder parts of its [hind] legs: (TA:) a certain very prolific animal, called in Pers\.

خركوش [or خَرْگُوشْ]: it is said that it is one year a male and another year a female, and menstruates like women; and its fore legs are shorter than its hind legs: when it sleeps, it keeps its eyes open; and when it is sick, it eats green canes (قَصَب), and its sickness ceases: (Kzw:) the word is a gen. n., (TA,) of the fem. gender, (Msb, TA,) accord. to El-Jáhidh; (TA;) but (Msb) applied to the male and the female; (M, A, K, TA;) as is also ↓ أَرْنَبَةٌ, (Msb,) which is a dial. var.: (Mgh, Msb:) or to the female [only]; the male being called خُزَزٌ; (T, M, K, TA;) accord. to Lth; but others allow its application to the male: (T:) the female is also called عِكْرِشَةٌ: and the young, خِرْنِقٌ: (TA:) the pl. is أَرَانِبُ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and أَرَانٍ, (Lh, S, M, K,) the latter, like ثَعَالٍ for ثَعَالِبُ, occurring in poetry, (S, M, *) and not allowed by Sb except in poetry. (M.) The ا in أَرْنَبٌ is augmentative, accord. to Lth: accord. to most of the grammarians it is disjunctive, (so in a copy of the T and in the TA,) or radical: (so in another copy of the T:) Lth says that no word commences with a radical ا but such as is triliteral; as أَرْضٌ and أَرْشٌ. (T, TA.) [Hence,] one says of the low, abject, or ignominious, and weak, إِنَّمَا هُوَ أَرْنَبٌ [He is only a hare]; because that animal cannot defend itself, and even the lark will endeavour to make it its prey. (A, TA.) See another ex. below, voce أَرْنَبَةٌ. [Hence, also,] الأَرْنَبُ is the name of (assumed tropical:) A certain constellation, [Lepus,] comprising twelve stars in its figure, having no observed stars around it, situate beneath the feet of الجَبَّار [i. e. Orion], and facing the west. (Kzw.) b2: Also, (K,) or ↓ مَرْنَبٌ accord. to the L, (TA,) or both, (M,) and ↓ يَرْنَبٌ, A جُرَذ [or large field-rat], (M, L, K,) like the jerboa, (M, L,) having a short tail. (M, L, K.) b3: الأَرْنَبُ البَحْرِىُّ, accord. to Kzw, A certain marine animal, the head of which is like that of the أَرْنَب [or hare], and the body like that of a fish: or, accord. to Ibn-Seenà, a small testaceous animal, which is of a poisonous quality when drunk [app. meaning in water]: so that, accord. to this explanation, the resemblance [to the ارنب commonly so called] is in the name, not the form. (TA.) A2: Also A sort of ornament worn by women. (M, K.) أَرْنَبَةٌ The end, or tip, [i. e. the lower portion, or lobule,] of the nose: (T, S, A, K:) this is [also] called أَرْنَبَةُ الأَنْفِ: (Mgh, Msb:) it is one of the parts that touch the ground in prostration [in prayer]: (TA:) pl. أَرَانِبُ. (T, A, TA.) Yousay, جَدَعَ أَرْنَبَتَهُ [lit. He cut off the end of his nose;] meaning (assumed tropical:) he held him in mean estimation, or in contempt. (A, TA.) And وَجَدْتُهُمْ مُجَدَّعِى

↓ الأَرَانِبِ أَشَدَّ فَزَعًا مِنَ الأَرَانِبِ (assumed tropical:) [I found them to be held in contempt, (lit. having the ends of their noses cut off,) more fearful than hares]. (A, TA.) A2: See also أَرْنَبٌ.

أَرْنَبَانِىٌّ [Cloth of the kind called] خَزّ of a blackish colour (أَدْكَنُ). (K.) b2: See also مَرْنَبَانِىٌّ.

مَرْنَبٌ A large فَأْرَة [or rat]: (K:) omitted in some copies of the K. (TA.) See أَرْنَبٌ. b2: See also مُؤَرْنَبٌ.

مُرْنَبٌ: see مُؤَرْنَبٌ.

مَرْنَبَةٌ A villous [garment of the kind called]

قَطِيفَة. (T, K.) A2: See also أَرْضٌ مُؤَرْنِبَةٌ.

كِسَآءٌ مَرْنَبَانِىٌّ A [garment of the kind called]

كساء that is of the colour of the أَرْنَب [or hare]; (T, M, A, K;) as also ↓ أَزْنَبَانِىٌّ. (A.) See also the next paragraph.

كِسَآءٌ مُؤَرْنَبٌ A [garment of the kind called]

كساء of which the thread is intermixed with the soft hair of the أَرْنَب [or hare]; (T, S, M, K;) as also ↓ مُرْنَبٌ, (so in a copy of the M,) or ↓ مَرْنَبٌ, like مَقْعَدٌ: (A, K:) or, as some say, i. q. ↓ مَرْنَبَانِىٌّ. (T.) b2: See also the next paragraph.

أَرْضٌ مُؤَرْنِبَةٌ A land in which are أَرَانِب [or hares]: (S:) or abounding therewith; (T, Kr, M, and so in some copies of the K;) as also ↓ مُؤَرْنَبَةٌ, (M, and so in some copies of the K, and in a copy of the A,) and ↓ مَرْنَبَةٌ. (T, M, A.) يَرْنَبٌ: see أَرْنَبٌ.

رفث

1 رَفَثَ (T, S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) فِى كَلَامِهِ (M, A, Mgh) or فِى مَنْطِقِهِ (Msb,) aor. ـُ (K, and so in a copy of the S,) or ـِ (T, and so in another copy of the S,) or both, (Msb, TA,) the latter mentioned by 'Iyád in the “ Meshárik; ” (TA;) and رَفِثَ, (M, K,) aor. ـَ (K;) and رَفُثَ, aor. ـُ (Lh, M, K;) inf. n. رَفْثٌ, which is of رَفَثَ, (M, TA,) and رَفَثٌ, (T, * S, * M, A, * Mgh, * Msb, K, *) which is of رَفِثَ, (M, TA,) or of رَفَثَ, (Msb,) or, accord. to some, this is a simple subst., (TA,) and رُفُوثٌ; (K;) and ↓ ارفث; (T, S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) and ↓ ترفّث; (A;) He uttered foul, unseemly, immodest, lewd, or obscene, speech, (T, S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) in relation to women: (T:) and talked to a woman, in, or respecting, coition; (S, K, TA;) and (as in the A and Mgh, but in the Msb “ or ”) spoke plainly of what should be indicated allusively, relating to coition. (A, Mgh, Msb.) And رَفَثَ بِامْرَأَتِهِ, and مَعَهَا, He compressed his wife: and he kissed her; and held amatory and enticing talk, or conversation, with her; and did any other similar act, of such acts as occur in the case of coition. (M.) And رَفَثَ

إِلَى امْرَأَتِهِ He went in to his wife; i. e. he compressed her; or was with her alone in private, whether he compressed her or not; syn. أَفْضَى

إِلَيْهَا. (A.) [See also رَفَثٌ below.]3 رافث صَاحِبَهُ, inf. n. مُرَافَثَةٌ, [He joined with his companion, or vied with him, in foul, unseemly, immodest, lewd, or obscene, conversation, in relation to women: and in talking plainly of what should be indicated allusively, relating to coition.] (A.) 4 أَرْفَثَ see 1, first sentence.5 تَرَفَّثَ see 1, first sentence.6 ترافثا [They two joined mutually, or vied with each other, in foul, unseemly, immodest, lewd, or obscene, conversation, in relation to women: and in talking plainly of what should be indicated allusively, relating to coition]; said of two men. (A.) رَفَثٌ, said by some to be a simple subst., but by others to be an inf. n., (TA,) Foul, unseemly, immodest, lewd, or obscene, speech, (Lth, T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) in relation to women; (T;) this being the primary signification: (Lth, T:) and talk to women in, or respecting, coition: (S, K, TA:) and the speaking plainly of what should be indicated allusively, relating to coition: (Mgh:) or allusion to coition: (M:) or foul, unseemly, immodest, lewd, or obscene, speech addressed to women; (T, S, Mgh, K;) so accord. to I'Ab: (T, S, Mgh:) and coition: (Lth, T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) and kissing; and amatory and enticing talk, or conversation; and any other similar act, of such acts as occur in the case of coition: (M:) or with the pudendum, (A, Mgh,) or with respect to the pudendum, (Msb,) it is coition: (A, Mgh, Msb:) and with the tongue, (A, Mgh,) or with respect to the tongue, (Msb,) the making an appointment for coition: (A, Mgh, Msb:) and with the eye, (A, Mgh,) or with respect to the eye, (Msb,) the making a signal of a desire for coition: (A, Mgh, Msb:) or it is a word comprehending everything that a man desires of his wife. (Zj, T.) In the Kur ii. 193, where it is forbidden during pilgrimage, it means Coition: (Zj, T, Mgh, Msb:) and speech that may be a means of inducing coition: (Zj, T:) or foul, unseemly, immodest, lewd, or obscene, speech: (M, Mgh, Msb:) or, accord. to Th, the removal of external impurities of the body, by such actions as the paring of the nails, and plucking out the hair of the armpit, and shaving the pubes, and the like. (M. [In the L and TA, the explanation of Th is so given as to relate, not to رَفَثٌ, but, to لَا رَفَثَ.]) And in the same, ii. 183, where it is allowed in the night of fasting, it means Coition: (Msb:) or the going in to one's wife; syn. إِفْضَآء; wherefore it is made trans. by means of إِلَى, like as is إِفْضَآء. (M, Mgh.)

ربذ

1 رَبِذَ, [aor. ـَ (M,) inf. n. رَبَذٌ, (Lth, T, M, K,) He was, or became, light, or active, (Lth, T, M, K,) in the arm, or hand, (M, K,) in working or in doing a thing, and in the leg, or foot, in walking or going, (M,) or in the legs in walking or going, and in the fingers in working or in doing a thing. (Lth, T.) And رَبِذَتْ يَدُهُ بِالقِدَاحِ aor. ـَ inf. n. as above, His hand was light, or active, with the قداح [or gaming-arrows]. (S, A, * L, K.) رَبَذٌ: see رِبْذَةٌ: b2: and see also رَبَذَةٌ.

رَبِذٌ Light, or active, (Lth, T, S, M, K,) in the arm, or hand, in working or in doing a thing, and in the leg, or foot, in walking or going, (M,) or in the legs in walking or going, (Lth, T, S, K,) as also رَبِذُ القَوَائِمِ; (A;) and light, or active, in the fingers in working or in doing a thing, (Lth, T,) as also رَبِذُ الأَصَابِعِ فِى عَمَلِهِ. (A.) And A quick, or fleet, horse. (T.) And فَرَسٌ لَهُ قَوَائِمُ رَبِذاتٌ A horse having light, or active, legs. (A.) b2: جَآءَ رَبِذَ العِنَانِ means (assumed tropical:) He came alone, put to flight. (IAar, M, K. *) But the saying of Hishám El-Mara-ee, غَدَاةَ تَرَكْتَهُ رَبِذَ العِنَانِ is explained by IAar as meaning (assumed tropical:) [In the morning] when thou leftest him exempt from satire. (M.) b3: Accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, (T,) لِثَةٌ رَبِذٌ means A gum having little flesh. (T, K.) رِبْذَةٌ (T, S, M, A, K) and ↓ رَبَذَةٌ, (S. A, K,) the former of which is said to be the more chaste, (TA,) The wisp of wool, (T, S, M, A, K,) or piece of rag, (Ks, T, M,) with which one smears with tar a camel (Ks, T, S, M, A, K) that is scabby or mangy: (Ks, T:) of the dial. of Temeem: (M:) also called وَفِيعَةٌ [and ثَمَلَةٌ]. (T.) One says, كَأَنَّ عِرْضَهُ رِبْذَةُ الهَانِىءِ [As though his honour, or reputation, were the ربذة of him who smears camels with tar]; and in like manner, رِبْذَةُ الحَائِضِ [explained below]. (A.) and لَمَّا أَسْمَعَهُمُ الحَقَّ نَبَذُوهُ كَمَا يَنْبِذُ الهَانِىءُ الرِّبْذَةَ [When he made them to hear, or told them, the truth, they rejected it, like as he who smears camels with tar rejects the ربذة after using it]. (A.) b2: Also The piece of rag with which the goldsmith polishes ornaments. (S, L, K, and Msb in explanation of the latter word.) b3: And the former word, The rag of a menstruating woman; (M, A, L, K;) the thing that the menstruating woman throws away. (Lth, T.) b4: And [hence,] (assumed tropical:) Anything unclean, dirty, or filthy, (M, L, K, TA,) and stinking. (TA.) b5: And [hence likewise,] (assumed tropical:) A man in whom is no good or goodness, devoid of goodness, or worthless, (M, K,) and, accord. to Lh, stinking. (M.) b6: Also The stopper (صِمَام) of a bottle, or flask. (IAar, T, M, K.) b7: Also, (M, L, K,) and ↓ رَبَذَةٌ (Fr, A 'Obeyd, S, M, L,) of which latter ↓ رَبَذٌ is pl., or rather a quasi-pl. n., (M,) [or more properly a coll. gen. n., رَبَذَةٌ being its n. un.,] A single one of the رَبَذ meaning tufts of dyed wool (عُهُون) which are hung upon the necks of camels; (Fr, A 'Obeyd, S, L;) and which are likewise called ↓ مَرَابِذُ (A, TA,) an irreg. pl. like مَحَاسِنُ [and مَلَامَحُ &c.]; (TA;) or which are hung upon a she-camel: (L:) or a tuft of dyed wool (عهْنَةٌ) which is hung upon the ear of a camel (M, L, K) &c., (K,) [i. e.,] upon the ear of a he-camel and she-camel, or of a sheep or goat. (M, L.) b8: The pl. of رِبْذَةٌ in all the senses expl. above is رِبذٌ and رِبَاذٌ (M, L, K.) رَبَذَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places. b2: Also The عَذَبَة [app. as meaning the عِلَاقَة, or suspensory thong in the handle,] of a whip: (K:) [n. un. of ↓ رَبَذٌ: for you say] سَوْطٌ ذُو رَبَذٍ meaning A whip having thongs in the fore part of its جَلْز [or handle]. (En-Nadr, TA.) A2: Also Difficulty, or distress. (IAar, T, K.) So in the saying, كُنَّا فِى رَبَذَةٍ فَانْجَلَتْ عَنَّا [We were in difficulty, or distress, and it became removed, or cleared away, from us]. (IAar, T.) ذُو رَبِذَاتٍ [in one of my copies of the S رَبَذَاتٍ, and in a copy of the A رَبْذَاتٍ,] (tropical:) One who makes many mistakes in his speech. (S, A, L, K.) [See also مِرْبَاذٌ, below.]

رَبَذَانِىٌّ: see مِرْبَاذٌ.

رَبَاذِيَةٌ (assumed tropical:) Evil (ISk, T, S, M, K) that occurs between, or among, people. (ISk, T, S, * M. *) You say, بَيْنَ القَوْمِ رَبَاذِيَةٌ Between, or among, the people is evil. (S, M. *) مِرْبَاذٌ and ↓ رَبَذَانِىٌّ (assumed tropical:) One who talks much, and irrationally, or erroneously, (K, TA,) making many mistakes in his speech. (TA.) مَرَابِذُ: see رِبْذَةٌ.

ر

أس1 رَأَسَهُ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـَ (K, TA, [in a copy of the M رَاُ^َ,]) inf. n. رَأْسٌ, (M, TA,) He (a man, S) hit, or hurt, his head. (S, M, K.) b2: رَأَسْتُهُ بِالعَصَى I struck his head with the staff, or stick. (A.) b3: رَأَسَهُ البِرْسَامُ The disease called برسام affected, or overcame, (أَخَذَ,) his head. (A.) [And hence,] رُئِسَ, (M, A,) inf. n. رَأْسٌ, (M,) His (a man's) head was, or became, affected, or overcome, by the disease called برسام, or otherwise: (A:) or he had a complaint of his head. (M, TA.) A2: رَأَسَ القَوْمَ, (S, M, A,) and رَأَسَ عَلَيْهِمْ, (M,) aor. ـَ (S, M,) inf. n. رِئَاسَةٌ, (S, M, A,) (tropical:) He was, or became, head, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king, of, or over, the people; he headed them; (M, A; *) he was, or became, their superior, (M.) [See also 5.]

b2: Also رَأَسَ, alone, aor. ـَ inf. n. رِئَاسَةٌ, (tropical:) He was, or became, high in rank or condition. (Msb.) b3: And, with the same aor. and inf. n., (tropical:) He strove for رِئَاسَة [or headship, or command,] (زَاحَمَ عَلَيْهَا,) and desired it. (IAar, TA.) 2 رأّس الضَّبُّ الأَفْعَى The [lizard called] ضبّ turned his head towards the viper, or met the viper head-foremast, in coming forth from his hole: for the viper comes to the hole of the ضبّ, and hunts after it, and sometimes the latter comes forth with its head towards the former, and is said to be مَرَئِّس: and sometimes a man hunts after the ضبّ, and puts a stick into the mouth of its hole, and it imagines it to be a viper, and comes forth head-foremost or tail-foremost, i. e., مُرَئِّسًا أَوْ مُذَنِّبًا. (TA.) A2: [The verb is also used intransitively, as meaning It (a ضَبّ) put its head foremost in coming forth from its hole: contr. of ذَنَّبَ.]

A3: رَأَّسْتُهُ, inf. n. تَرْئِيسٌ, (tropical:) I made, or appointed, him رَئِيس [i. e. head, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king], (S, K,) عَلَى القَوْمِ over the people. (S, TA.) And رَأَّسُوهُ عَلَىأَنْفُسِهِمْ, (M, A,) seen by Az, in the book of Lth, written رَوَّسُوهُ, but the former is the regular form, (TA,) (tropical:) They made him head, chief, commander, &c., over themselves. (M, A.) 5 ترأّس عَلَىالقَوْمِ (tropical:) He became made, or appointed, head, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king, over the people; (S, M, A;) as also عَلَيْهِمْ ↓ ارتأس: (S:) or both signify [like رَأَسَ على القوم,] he was, or became, رَئِيس [i. e. head, chief, &c.] (K, TA) over the people. (TA.) 8 ارتأس الشَّىْءَ He, or it, became mounted, or fixed, upon the head of the thing. (M, TA. *) In the saying, يَرْتَاسُ السِّنَانَ فَيُقْتَلُ [He becomes fixed upon the point of the spear-head, and is slain], in a verse cited by Th, يَرْتَاسُ is for يَرْتَئِسُ. (M.) A2: See also 5.

A3: ارتأس زَيْدًا He took Zeyd by the neck, and lowered it to, or towards, the ground. (K, from the “ Nawádir el-Aaráb. ”) b2: Hence, (assumed tropical:) He occupied Zeyd so as to divert his attention: (K, from the same:) and اِكْتَاسَهُ and اِرْتَكَسَهُ and اِعْتَكَسَهُ also signify the same [app. in the former sense, or perhaps in both senses.] (TA, from the same.) رَأْسٌ, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) generally with ء, except in the dial. of Benoo-Temeem, who constantly suppress the ء, (Msb,) [The head of a man and of any animal;] a certain part of an animal, (Msb,) well known: (Msb, K:) masc., (Msb, TA,) by common consent: (TA:) and (K) the highest or uppermost part, or top, or summit, (M, A, K,) of a thing, (M,) or of anything; (A, K;) as, for instance, of a mountain, &c.; (the Lexicons, passim;) and the upper, or uppermost, part of a valley: (TA: see رَائِسٌ:) pl. (of pauc., S, TA) أَرْؤُسٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and, by transposition, آرُسٌ, (M, TA, * [originally أَأْرُسٌ, in the L, erroneously, أاراس,]) and (of mult., S, TA) رُؤُوسُ, (S, M, Msb, K, [by some carelessly written رُؤُسٌ, and by some, allowably, رُؤُسٌ,]) which is not transposed, and رُوْسٌ, which is elliptical. (M, TA.) A poet uses the pl. for the dual, saying, رُؤُوسُ كَبِيرَيْهِنَّ يَنْتَطِحَانِ [The heads of the two great ones, or old ones, of them, smite each other with their horns]. (M.) b2: أُمُّ الرَّأْسِ: see أُمٌّ. b3: يَوْمُ الرُّؤُوسِ [The day of the heads] is applied by the people of Mekkeh to the day called يَوْمُ القَرِّ, because then they eat the heads of the animals sacrificed. (A, TA.) b4: أَصَابَ رَأْسَهُ (tropical:) He kissed his head: a metonymical phrase. (TA.) b5: رُمِىَ فُلَانٌ مِنْهُ فِى الرَّأْسِ [lit., Such a one was shot by him in the head; meaning,] (assumed tropical:) he turned away from him, and did not look towards him nor pay any regard or attention to him, and deemed him troublesome. (S, TA.) You say also, رُمِيتُ مِنْكَ فِى الرَّأْسِ, meaning, (assumed tropical:) Thou hast an evil opinion of me (S, K) so that thou canst not look towards me. (S.) b6: رَكِبَ رَأْسَهُ: see art. ركب. b7: وَلَدَتْ وَلَدَهَا عَلَى رَأْسٍ وَاحِدٍ (assumed tropical:) She brought forth her children one after, or near after, another. (IAar, M.) In like manner you say, وُلِدَ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَوْلَادٍ رَأْسًا عَلَى إِثْرِ رَأْسٍ, (M,) or رَأْسًا عَلَى رَأْسٍ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He had three children born to him one after, or near after, another. (M, TA.) And اِجْعَلْ هٰذَا الشَّىْءَ رَأْسًا وَاحِدًا (assumed tropical:) Make thou this thing to be [uniform, or] of one way, or mode, or manner. (ISK, TA in art. بأج.) b8: عِنْدِى رَأْسُ مِنَ الغَنَمِ (tropical:) [I have one head of sheep or goats]: and عِدَّةٌ مِنْ

أَرْؤُسٍ (tropical:) [a number of head thereof]. (A, TA.) It is said in a trad. of' Omar, وَاجْعَلُوا الرَّأْسَ رَأْسَيْنِ (tropical:) And make ye the one head two head, by buying two animals with the price of one, that, when one dies, the second may remain. (Mgh in art. فرق.) And you say, فُلَانٌ يَرْتَبِطُ كَذَا رَأْسًا مِنَ الدَّوَابِّ [Such a one ties so many head of beasts]. (S in art. ربط.) b9: أَعْطِنِى رَأْسًا مِنْ ثُومٍ وَ سِنًّا مِنْهُ (tropical:) [Give thou to me a head of garlic, and a clove thereof]: and كَمْ فِى رَأْسِكَ مِنْ سِنِّ (tropical:) [How many cloves are there in thy head of garlic?]. (A, TA.) b10: رَأْسٌ also signifies The extremity of a thing: or, as some say, the end, or last, thereof. (MF. TA.) b11: [A head, head-land, cape, or promontory.] b12: The hilt of a sword; (A;) and so ↓ رِئَاسٌ; (S, M, K; [in a copy of the A رِيَاسَةٌ;]) or this signifies its pommel, (Sgh, K,) more correctly; (Sgh;) and is also written رِيَاسٌ, but whether for رِئَاسٌ or originally with ى is doubtful. (M.) [From the first of the above-mentioned significations arise several others, which are tropical. b13: Hence, الرَّأْسُ وَالذَّنَبُ (assumed tropical:) The two nodes of a planet: see تِنِّينٌ. b14: Hence likewise,] رَأْسٌ is also (tropical:) syn. with رَئِيسٌ, q. v. infrà. (M, K.) You say, مَا أُرِيدُهُ رَأْسًا (tropical:) [I do not desire him as a رئيس, i. e. head, chief, &c.]. (A.) And it is said in a trad., رَأْسُ الكُفْرِ مِنْ قِبَلِ المَشْرِقِ (tropical:) [The head, or leader, of infidelity is from the direction of the place of sunrise]: indicating that Ed-Dejjál or some other of the heads of error will come forth in the east. (TA.) b15: رَأْسُ المَالِ (tropical:) The capital, or principal, of property. (Msb, K.) [Hence the saying,] أَقْرَضَتْنِى عَشَرَةً بِرَؤُوسِهَا (tropical:) She lent me ten [pieces of money] as a loan whereof the principal was to be repaid without interest. (Mgh, TA. *) b16: القَافِيَةُ الرأْسُ البَيْتِ (assumed tropical:) [The rhyme is the principal, or most essential, part of the verse]: said by one of the tribe of' Okeyl, to IJ. (M.) b17: رَأْسُ الدِّينِ الخَشْيَةُ (tropical:) [The principal part, or the beginning, of religion is fear of God]. (A, TA.) b18: رَأْسُ الشَّهْرِ (assumed tropical:) The beginning of the month. (Msb.) [And in like manner, رَأْسُ السَّنَةِ (assumed tropical:) The beginning, or first day, of the year.] b19: رَأْسُ الأَمْرِ, (K, TA,) or ↓ رِئَاس, (so in the CK,) [both correct, as will be seen from what follows,] (tropical:) The beginning of the affair; the first thereof. (K, TA.) b20: أَعِدْ عَلَىَّ كَلَامَكَ مِنْ رَأْسٍ, (S, M,) and مِنَ الرَّأْسِ, but this is less common, (M,) or is a vulgar phrase, not allowable, (S,) (tropical:) [Repeat thou to me thy speech from the beginning:] said by a person to one talking to him. (TA.) One also says to a person talking to him, خُذْهُ مِنْ رَأْسٍ (tropical:) [Take thou it from the beginning]. (A.) b21: أَنْتَ عَلَىرَأْسِ أَمْرِكَ, and ↓ على رِئَاسِهِ (assumed tropical:) Thou art on the point of accomplishing thine affair: (M, TA:) or أَنْتَ عَلَى

أَمْرِكَ ↓ رِئَاسِ signifies (assumed tropical:) thou art at the beginning of thine affair; and the vulgar say, عَلَى رَأْسِ أَمْرِكَ (S, TA.) b22: أَضْرَعَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِ الوَلَدِ: see art. ضرع. b23: كَانَ ذٰلِكَ عَلَى رَأْسِ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) That was in the time of such a one; in his life-time: like the phrase عَلَى رِجْلِ فُلَانٍ. (TA in art. رجل.) b24: رَأْسٌ also signifies (tropical:) A numerous and strong company of people. (As, S, M, K.) You say, هُمْ رَأْسٌ (tropical:) They are a numerous and strong company of people. (S.) And هُمْ رَأْسٌ عَظِيمٌ (tropical:) They are an army by themselves, not needing any aid. (A, TA.) 'Amr Ibn-Kulthoom says, (S,) بِرَأْسٍ مِنْ بَنِى جُشَمِ بْنِ بِكْرٍ

نَدُقُّ بِهِ السُّهُولَةَ وَالحُزُونَا [as though meaning, With a numerous and strong company of Benoo-Jusham-Ibn-Bekr, with which we beat the plains and the rugged tracts]: (S, M:) but [J says,] I think that he means رَئِيس, [i. e. head, chief, &c.,] because he says ندقّ بِهِ, not بِهِمْ (S.) رُؤَاسٌ: see أَرْأَسُ.

رِئَاسٌ: see رَأْسٌ, in the middle of the paragraph: and again, in three places, in the latter part thereof.

رَؤُوسٌ: see رَائِسٌ. b2: Also A camel having no fatness (طِرْق) remaining except in the head; (S, K;) and so ↓ مُرَائِسٌ, (S, TA,) incorrectly said in the K to be ↓ مُرَأَّسٌ, like مُعَظَّمٌ; (TA;) mentioned by A' Obeyd, from Fr.; (S;) so too ↓ مِرْآسٌ. (K.) رَئِيسٌ Hit, or hurt, in the head; as also ↓ مَرْؤُوسٌ. (S.) Hence, شَاةٌ رَئِيسٌ A sheep or goat, or a ewe or she-goat, hit, or hurt, in her head: pl. رَآسَى: (S, M, K:) you say غَنَمٌ رَآسَى. (S, K.) b2: Having his head broken, its skin being cleft. (TA.) b3: Having his head affected, or overcome, by the disease called بِرْسَام; as also ↓ مَرْؤُوسٌ: (A:) or ↓ the latter, a man afflicted with that disease: (M, TA:*) and ↓ the same, also, a man having a complaint of his head. (TA.) A2: (tropical:) The head, or headman, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king, of a people; a person of authority; (S, M, A, * K;) as also ↓ رَيِّسٌ (S, K) and ↓ رَأْسٌ [q. v.]; (M, A, K;) and [in like manner] ↓ رَائِسٌ, syn. of this last, وَالٍ: (K:) or رَئِيسٌ signifies, [or rather signifies also,] a person high in rank or condition: (Msb:) its pl. is رُؤَسَآهُ, (M, Msb,) pronounced by the vulgar رُوَسَآء: (TA:) in El-Yemen, ↓رَيِّسٌ is applied to one who shaves the head. (TA in art. ريس.) b2: رَئِيسُ الكِلَابِ (S, M, A,) and ↓ رَائِسُهَا, (M, TA,) (tropical:) [The chief, or leader, of the dogs;] the dog that is' among the other dogs, as the رَئِيس among a people: (S:) the chief of the dogs, that is not preceded by them in the chase. (M, TA.) b3: الأَعْضَآءُ الرَّئِيسَةُ (tropical:) [The capital parts of an animal] are, with physicians, four; (Mgh, TA;) namely, the heart, the brain, the liver, and the testicles: (Mgh, K, TA:) the first three, because without every one of them the person cannot exist; and the last, because privation thereof is a privation of نَوْع [properly species]: the assertion that they are the nose, and the tongue, and the penis, is erroneous. (Mgh, TA.) رُؤَاسِىٌّ: see أَرْأَسُ.

رُؤُوسٌ رُوَّسٌ: see مِرْأَسٌ.

رَأّسٌ A seller of heads: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) رَوَّاسٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) or رَوَّاسِىٌّ, (K, TA,) with و and with the relative ى, (TA,) is vulgar, (S,) or incorrect, (Mgh, K,) or post-classical. (Msb.) رِئِّيسٌ One who is often made or appointed, or who often becomes, رَئِيس [i. e. head, chief, &c.]. (K, TA.) رَائِسٌ [act. part. n. of 1.] b2: كَلْبَةٌ رَائِسٌ, (M,) or رَائِسَةٌ, (TA,) A bitch that takes the object of the chase by the head. (M, TA.) And [in like manner] ↓ كَلْبَةٌ رَؤُوسٌ A bitch that springs upon the head of the object of the chase. (TA.) A2: رَائِسٌ also signifies Anything elevated, or rising above the part or parts adjacent to it. (M, TA.) The head (↓ رَأْس) of a valley: (M, TA:) pl. رَوَائِسُ, (TA,) which signifies the upper, or uppermost, parts of valleys. (K, TA.) A3: سَحَابَةٌ رَائِسٌ, (M,) or رَائِسَةٌ, (TA,) and ↓ مُرَائِسٌ, (M,) (assumed tropical:) A cloud preceding the other clouds: (M: [but perhaps سَحَابَةٌ in the copy of the M from which this is taken is a mistake for سَحَابٌ, i. e. clouds:]) pl. رَوَائِسُ. (K, * TA.) b2: See also رَئِيسٌ, in two places.

رَيِّسٌ: see رَئِيسٌ, in two places.

أَرْأَسٌ Having a large head; (S, M, A, Mgh, K; *) applied to a man, (S, A, Mgh,) and to a sheep or goat, (S, TA,) and to a stallion; (TA; [but فحل, there, is perhaps a mistake for رَجُلٌ;]) as also ↓ رُؤَاسِىٌّ; (S, M, A, K;) which is likewise applied to a man, (S, A,) and to a stallion, (TA,) but not to a sheep or goat; (ISk, S;) and رَوَّاسِىٌّ; (TA in art. روس;) and ↓ رُؤَاسٌ; (M, TA;) applied to a stallion; (TA;) and ↓ مَرْؤُوسٌ: (K, * TA:) fem. of the first, رَأْسَآءُ. (M.) b2: Also رَأْسَآءُ A ewe, (S, M, K,) or she-goat, (M,) having a black head (A'Obeyd, S, M, K) and face, (S, M, K,) the rest of her being white. (S.) رَأْسٌ مِرْأَسٌ, incorrectly written in the K مَرْأَسٌ, like مَقْعَدٌ, (TA,) i. q. مِصَكٌّ لِلرُّؤُوسِ [app. meaning A head strong to butt, or knock, against other heads]: pl. رُؤُوسٌ مَرَائِيسُ, (K, TA,) or مَرَائِسُ; (CK;) and ↓ رُؤُوسٌ رُؤَّسٌ [signifies the same]. (K, * TA.) مُرَأَّسٌ: see رَؤُوسٌ.

مُرَئِّسٌ A [lizard of the kind called] ضبّ coming forth from his hole having his head foremost: opposed to مُذَنِّبٌ. (TA.) b2: المُرَئِّسُ The lion. (K.) مِرْآسٌ A horse that bites the heads of other horses when running with them in a race: (M, K: *) or [so in some copies of the K, but in others “ and,”] that takes precedence of the other horses in a race. (K, * TA.) b2: See also رَؤُوسٌ.

مَرْؤُوسٌ: see رَئِيسٌ, in four places: b2: and see أَرْأَسُ. b3: Also One whose desire (شَهْوَة) is in his head only. (Fr, Sgh, K.) A2: (tropical:) Subjects [of a رَئِيس]. (K.) مُرَائِسٌ: see رَائِسٌ: b2: and رَؤُوسٌ.

A2: Also One holding back (Sgh, K) from the party [to which he belongs] (Sgh, TA) in fight, or battle. (Sgh, K.)

ركس

1 رَكَسَهُ, (S, Msb,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. رَكْسٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) He turned it over, or upside down; (S, A, Msb, K;) as also ↓ أَرْكَسَهُ: (S:) or the former, (TA,) or ↓ latter, (Msb,) he turned it over upon its head: (Msb, TA:) and the former, he reversed it; made the first part of it to be last; or turned it fore part behind. (Lth, A, Msb, K.) It is said in the Kur [iv. 90], بِمَا كَسَبُوا ↓ وَاللّٰهُ أَرْكَسَهُمْ Since God hath subverted them [for what they have done, or committed]; syn. تَكَّسَهُمْ: (IAar, K:) or hath made them return to their unbelief; (Fr, S, K;) and رَكَسَهُمْ signifies the same: (Fr, TA:) or hath separated, or dispersed, them, for what they have done of their disbelief, and acts of disobedience: (Jel:) رَكَسْتُ الشَّىْءَ and ↓ أَرْكَسْتُهُ both signify I separated the thing; or set it apart. (TA.) Yousay also, اللّٰهُ عَدُوَّكَ ↓ أَرْكَسَ May God overturn thine enemy upon his head: or change, or reverse, the state, or condition, of thine enemy. (A.) And فِى الشَّرِّ ↓ أَرْكَسَهُ He turned him back, or caused him to return, to evil. (A.) And ↓ أَرْكِسِ الثَّوْبَ فِى الصِّبْغِ Return thou the garment, or piece of cloth, to the dyeing-liquor. (A.) 4 أَرْكَسَ see 1, throughout.8 ارتكس He, or it, became turned over, upside down, or upon his, or its, head; became inverted, subverted, or reversed; became turned fore part behind: (K, TA:) he returned, reverted, or went back, from one thing or state to another: (TA:) he fell. (K.) You say, ارتكس فُلَانٌ فِى أَمْرٍ كَانَ قَدْ نَجَا مِنْهُ (S, A, TA) Such a one fell [again] into a case from which he had escaped. (TA.) رِكْسٌ i. q. رِجْسٌ [Uncleanness, dirt, or filth; or an unclean, a dirty, or a filthy, thing]: (S, A, Msb, K:) and anything that is disliked, or hated, for its uncleanness, dirtiness, or filthiness; (Msb;) as also ↓ رَكِيسٌ: (TA:) the former is similar in meaning to رَجِيعٌ [dung of a man, or of a horse and the like, or of a wild beast]; (A 'Obeyd, TA;) and ↓ رَكِيسٌ [also] is syn. with رَجِيعٌ. (TA.) رَكِيسٌ: see مَرْكُوسٌ, throughout: A2: see also رِكْسٌ, in two places.

مَرْكُوسٌ A thing turned over, or upside down; turned over upon its head; turned fore part behind; as also ↓ رَكِيسٌ. (TA.) b2: Turned, or sent, back, or away; as also ↓ the latter epithet. (TA.) b3: One who goes back, or reverts, from his state or condition; like مَنْكُوسٌ: (IAar, TA:) and ↓ the latter epithet (ركيس), a weak person, who returns, or reverts, from one thing or state to another; syn. ضَعِيفٌ مُرْتَكِسٌ. (TA.)

رذل

1 رَذُلَ, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (T, S, K,) inf. n. رَذَالَةٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and رُذُلَةٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) and رَذِلَ, aor. ـَ (Sgh, K;) He (a man) was, or became, low, base, vile, mean, or contemptible; (T, S, M, K;) in his aspect, and in his states, or circumstances: (T:) or it (a thing, M, Msb, K, of any kind, M, K) was, or became, bad, corrupt, vile, base, abominable, or disapproved. (M, Msb, K.) A2: رَذَلَهُ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. رَذْلٌ; (M, TA;) and ↓ ارذلهُ; (S, K;) He made, or pronounced, him (a man) to be low, base, vile, mean, or contemptible: (S, * M, K, * TA:) or he made, or pronounced, it (a thing of any kind) to be bad, corrupt, vile, base, abominable, or disapproved. (M, K. *) You say, دَرَاهِمَ ↓ ارذل, (T,) or مِنْ دَرَاهِمِى كَذَا, (TA,) He (a man, T, or a money-changer, TA) pronounced, or showed, dirhems or pieces of money, or such of my dirhems or pieces of money, to be bad; syn. فَسَّلَهَا. (T, TA.) And غَنَمِى ↓ ارذل [He pronounced my sheep, or goats, to be bad; or he disapproved, or refused, them]. (T, TA.) And مِنْ رِجَالِهِ كَذَا وَكَذَا رَجُلًا ↓ ارذل (T, TA) He disapproved, or refused, [as low, base, &c.,] of his men, such and such men. (TA.) 4 ارذل He had low, base, vile, mean, or contemptible, companions. (K.) A2: As a trans. v.: see 1, in four places.10 استرذلهُ [He reckoned him or esteemed him, or he found him to be, or he desired that he might be, low, base, vile, mean, or contemptible: or he reckoned it or esteemed it, or found it to be, or desired that it might be, bad, corrupt, vile, base, abominable, or disapproved:] contr. of اِسْتَجَادَهُ. (O, K.) Hence the trad., مَا اسْتَرْذَلَ اللّٰهُ عَبْدًا إِلَّا حَظَرَ عَنْهُ العِلْمَ وَالأَدَبَ [God desires not that a servant (meaning a man) may be low, base, vile, mean or contemptible, but He withholds from him knowledge, or science, and discipline of the mind, or good qualities and attributes of the mind or soul, &c.]. (O, TA.) رَذْلٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ رُذَالٌ (S, K) and ↓ رَذِيلٌ and ↓ أَرْذَلُ (M, K) applied to a man, Low, base, vile, mean, or contemptible; (T, S, M, K;) in his aspect, and in his states, or circumstances: (T:) or, applied to a thing (M, Msb, K) of any kind, (M, K,) bad, corrupt, vile, base, abominable, or disapproved: (M, Msb, K:) fem. of the first with ة: (M, Msb:) pl. [of pauc.], of the first, أَرْذُلٌ, (Msb,) or [of the same,] أَرْذَالٌ, (T, S, M, O, and so in some copies of the K,) [or this is more probably pl. of ↓ رَذِيلٌ, accord. to analogy,] and رُذُولٌ (S, M, K) and رُذَالٌ, (M, K,) which is of a rare form, (M,) [in the CK رُذّالٌ,] and رَذْلُونَ, (T,) [which is applied only to rational beings,] and (of ↓ رَذِيلٌ, TA) رُذَلَآءُ, (S, M, K,) and, of the pl. أَرْذُلٌ, (Msb, [but] said in the O to be of [the pl.] أَرْذَالٌ, TA,) أَرَاذِلُ, (T, Msb, TA, and so in some copies of the K in the place of أَرْذَالٌ,) and [of ↓ الأَرْذَلُ,] الأَرْذَلُونَ, (T, M, K,) [which is applied only to rational beings, and is said in the M and TA to be used only with the article ال prefixed to it, but is written without the ال in the K.] You say رَجُلٌ رَذْلُ الثِّيَابِ and الفِعْلِ [A man mean, or bad, &c., in respect of clothes and of action]. (T, TA.) And ثَوْبٌ رَذْلٌ A dirty, bad, or vile, garment; (TA;) and so ↓ ثوب رَذِيلٌ: (M, TA:) or ↓ ثوب رَذِلٌ [so accord. to a copy of the T, but perhaps a mistranscription for رَذْلٌ,] a dirty garment: and ↓ ثوب رَذِيلٌ a bad, or vile, garment. (T.) رَذِلٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

رُذَالٌ: see رَذْلٌ [of which it is both a syn. and a pl.]. b2: Also, (S,) or ↓ رُذَالَةٌ, (T,) or both, (M, Msb, K,) The worse or viler, or the worst or vilest, (T,) or the bad, or vile, (S,) of anything: (T, S:) [or the refuse thereof; i. e.] a thing of which the good has been picked out, (M, Msb, K,) and the bad or vile, (M,) or the worse or viler, or worst or vilest, (Msb,) remains. (M, Msb.) You say also, النَّاسِ ↓ هُمْ رُذَالَةُ and رُذَالُهُمْ [They are the lower or baser &c., or lowest or basest &c., or the refuse, of mankind, or of the people]. (T.) رَذِيلٌ: see رَذْلٌ, in five places.

رُذَالَةٌ: see رُذَالٌ, in two places.

رَذِيلَةٌ A low, base, vile, mean, contemptible, or bad, quality; contr. of فَضِيلَةٌ; (M, K:) pl. رَذَائِلُ. (TA.) رُذَالَى: see the next paragraph.

أَرْذَلُ: see رَذْلٌ, in two places. b2: Also The worse, or worst: so in the phrase أَرْذَلُ العُمُرِ [The worse, or worst, part of life]. (O, K.) [In the K, immediately after the words وَأَرْذَلَ صَارَ أَصْحَابُهُ رُذَلَآءَ, we find, in some copies, وَرُذَالَى كَحُبَارَى

وَأَرْذَلُ العُمُرِ أَسْوَؤْهُ; and in other copies, وَرُذَالَى

كَحُبَارَى أَرْذَلُ العُمُرِ أَسْوَؤُهُ: accord. to the former reading, the meaning is, that ↓ رُذَالَى is syn. with رُذَلَآءُ; and such SM holds to be the case: accord. to the latter reading, that رُذَالَى is syn. with

أَرْذَلُ العُمُرِ. I have no doubt that the latter is the original reading in the K, and that it is taken from the O, where (with a preceding context different from that in the K) the words are, وَرُذَالَى اَرذَلِ العُمُرِ اَسْوَؤُهُ; thus, with ارذل in the gen. case: but I believe, as this word thus written suggests, and as some persons, alluded to by MF, have supposed, that كحبارى has been foisted into the text of the K in consequence of a misunderstanding or of a mistranscription of the words in question in some work earlier than the O; that the correct reading is, وَرُدَّ إِلَى أَرْذَلِ العُمُرِ

أَسْوَئِهِ; and that this is taken from what here follows.] It is said in the Kur [xvi. 72 and xxii. 5], وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُرَدُّ إِلَى أَرْذَلِ العُمُرِ, (T, TA,) i. e. [And of you is he who is brought back to] the worse, or worst, [part] of life, (Ksh and Bd and Jel,) and the more, or most, contemptible thereof; (Ksh in xvi. 72;) a state of decrepitude and dotage; (Ksh and Bd and Jel;) which resembles the state of a young infant: (Ksh and Bd:) meaning he who dotes by reason of old age, so that he has no intellect; as is shown by the words in the same [immediately following], لِكَيْلَا يَعْلَمَ بَعْدَ عِلْمٍ شَيْئًا or مِنْ بَعْدِ عِلْمٍ شَيْئًا. (T, TA. *) مَرْذُولٌ A man made, or pronounced, to be low, base, vile, mean, or contemptible: (S, * TA:) and a thing made, or pronounced, to be bad, corrupt, vile, base, abominable, or disapproved. (TA.)