بيع

1 بَاعَهُ, (S, Mgh, &c.,) aor. ـِ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. بَيْعٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and مَبِيعٌ, (S, Msb, K,) which latter is anomalous, (S,) the regular form being مَبَاعٌ, (S, K,) has two contr. significacations: He sold it: and he bought it: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) and ↓ اباعهُ is a dial. var. of the same: (IKtt, Msb:) [but app. only in the former sense:] or this last signifies he offered it for sale; or exposed it to sale: (S, K:) and ↓ ابتاعهُ, as well as بَاعَهُ, signifies he bought it. (S, * Mgh, * Msb, K.) The primary signification of بَيْعٌ is The exchanging, or exchange, of property; or the making an exchange with property; as in the phrases بَيْعٌ رَابِحٌ [an exchange of property bringing gain], and بَيْعٌ خَاسِرٌ [an exchange of property occasioning loss]: and this is a proper signification when it relates to real substances: but it is tropically used to signify the making the contract [of sale and purchase]; because this is the means of giving [and obtaining] possession: [though this signification is what is termed حَقِيقَةٌ عُرْفِيَّةٌ, i. e., a sense so common as to be conventionally regarded as proper:] the phrase صَحَّ البَيْعُ, or بَطَلَ, and the like, mean صَفْقَةُ البَيْعِ; [i. e. The contract of sale, or purchase, was valid, or was null;] but the prefixed n. being suppressed, and its complement [alone] used for it, and this being masc., the verb is made masc. (Msb.) بَاعَ [mostly signifies He sold; and] is doubly trans., both by itself and by means of مِنْ prefixed to the second object; (Mgh, Msb;) this prep. being thus used as a corroborative: (Msb:) you say, بَاعَهُ الشَّىْءَ and بَاعَهُ مِنْهُ [He sold to him the thing and He sold it to him]: (Mgh:) and بِعْتُ زَيْدًا الدَّارَ and بِعْتُ مِنْ زَيْدٍ الدَّارَ [I sold to Zeyd the house: (see also an explanation of the phrase اِسْتَبَعْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ: and see بَاعَهُ مِنَ السُّلْطَانِ: to which might be added countless similar instances; for when باع signifies he sold, مِنْ is generally prefixed to the noun or pronoun denoting the person to whom the thing is sold:)] and sometimes لِ is put in the place of مِنْ; so that you say, بِعْتُكَ الشَّىْءَ and بِعْتُهُ لَكَ [I sold to thee the thing and I sold it to thee]; the ل being redundant [when the verb has this meaning, though not when it has the contr. meaning, as will be seen below]. (Msb.) Of the contr. signification we have an ex. in the saying of ElFarezdak, إِنَّ الشَّبَابَ لَرَابِحٌ مَنْ بَاعَهَا وَالشَّيْبُ لَيْسَ لِبَائِعِيهِ تِجَارُ [Verily youthfulness, he who buys it is a gainer; but hoariness, there are no traffickers for its sellers; the part. a. being here from the verb in the former sense]: (S, TA:) and [often in a case in which the verb is followed by ل; as] in بَاعَ لَهُ الشَّىْءَ He bought for him the thing; (Mgh;) [the ل not being redundant when the verb is used in this sense;] and as in the saying of Tarafeh, وَيَأْتِيكَ بالْأَخْبَارِ مَنْ لَمْ تَبِعْ لَهُ بَتَاتًا وَلَمْ تَضْرِبْ لَهُ وَقْتَ مَوْعِدِ [And he will bring thee tidings for whom thou hast not bought travelling-provisions, and for whom thou hast not assigned an appointed time for his bringing them]: (TA:) and in the saying, بَاعَ دُنْيَاهُ بِآخِرَتِهِ (tropical:) [He purchased his enjoyments of the present world at the expense of his enjoyments of the world to come]: (Z, TA:) and [in like manner] you say, زَيْدٌ الدَّارَ ↓ ابتاع, meaning Zeyd bought the house: and لِغَيْرِهِ ↓ ابتاعها He bought it for another person. (Msb.) The verb has this signification, also, in the trad., لَا يَبِعْ بَعْضُكُمْ عَلَى

بَيْعِ أَخِيهِ [One of you shall not buy in opposition to the buying of his brother when an agreement has been manifested but the contract has not been concluded]; (S, IAth, Mgh, Msb; [but in the S and Msb and by IAth, the trad. is related thus; لَا يَخْطُبِ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى خِطْبَةِ أَخِيهِ وَلَا يَبِعْ عَلَى بَيْعِ

أَخِيهِ; (see art. خطب;)]) as is shown by the relation of Bkh, الرَّجُلُ عَلَى بَيْعِ أَخِيهِ ↓ لَا يَبْتَاعُ: (Mgh, Msb:) or it may here have the contr. meaning: (IAth:) Az says that the seller and buyer are equal in offence when either of them does thus to another. (TA.) [Similar to this is the saying, لَا يَسُومُ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى سَوْمِ أَخِيهِ: see art. سوم. See also بَاعَ عَلَى بَيْعِهِ below, used in a tropical sense.] You say also, بَاعَ عَلَيْهِ القَاضِى, meaning The judge sold against his will; (Mgh;) sold without his consent. (Msb.) b2: The pass. form is بِيعَ [It was sold: and it was bought]: (S, K:) optionally either [thus] with kesr to the ب, or [بُيْعَ] with damm to the ب, (S,) [or rather with a sound between that of damm and that of kesr, which pronunciation is termed إِشْمَامٌ;] and some say بُوعَ; (S, K;) changing the ى into و: and thus in the cases of كِيلَ and قِيلَ and the like: (S:) [but Ibn-Málik requires damm or اشمام in the passive of a verb of which the medial radical is ى, and kesr or اشمام in the passive of a verb of which the medial radical is و, to prevent the mistaking of an active verb for a passive in such cases as بِعْتُ and سُمْتُ: others, however, only prefer what Ibn-Málik absolutely requires in these cases. (See I'Ak p. 131.)] b3: You say also, بَاعَهُ مِنَ السُّلْطَانِ, [lit. He sold him to the Sultán,] meaning (tropical:) he slandered him, or calumniated him, to the Sultán. (K, TA.) b4: And بَاعَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى

بَيْعِهِ, [of which the lit. meaning has been shown above,] meaning (tropical:) Such a one superseded him, or occupied his place, in respect of honourable and elevated station or rank, and gained the mastery over him; (K, * TA;) and so حَلَّ بِوَادِيهِ: (TA:) or بَاعَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى بَيْعِ فُلَانٍ means (tropical:) such a one gained the mastery over such a one, and wrested from him that which he sought to obtain from him; and is an old proverb, applied by the Arabs to a man who contends with another, and seeks to obtain a thing from him by superior power or force, when he has succeeded in doing as above explained; and similar to it is the saying شَقَّ فُلَانٌ غُبَارَ فُلَانٍ. (El-Mufaddal Ed-Dabbee, TA.) One also says, مَا بَاعَ عَلَى بَيْعِكَ أَحَدٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) Not any one has equalled thee. (TA.) A2: بَيْعٌ is also used in the sense of اِنْبِسَاطٌ. (TA in art. بوع.

[See اِنْبَاعَ in that art.]) 3 بَايَعْتُهُ, (S, Mgh, TA,) inf. n. مُبَايَعَةٌ and بِيَاعٌ, (TA,) is from البَيْعُ; and so is ↓ التَّبَايُعُ; (S, TA;) this being syn. with المُبَايَعَةُ. (K, TA.) You say, بَايَعَا and ↓ تَبَايَعَا, meaning They two sold and bought, each with the other: (TK:) and ↓ تَبَايَعْنَا [We sold and bought, one with another]: (Mgh:) and بايعهُ also signifies He bartered, or exchanged commodities, with him. (TA.) [See 1; where a citation from the Msb indicates that this latter is the primary signification accord. to the author of that work.] b2: It is also from البَيْعَةُ; and so is ↓ التَّبَايُعُ: (S, TA: *) المُبَايَعَةُ and ↓ التَّبَايُعُ from البَيْعَةُ signifying The making a covenant, a compact, an engagement, or the like; as though each of the two parties sold what he had to the other, and gave him his own special property, and his obedience, and all that pertained to his case. (TA.) [Hence,] بايع الأَمِيرَ He promised, or swore, allegiance to the prince; making a covenant with him to submit to him the judgment of his own case and of the cases of the Muslims [in general], not to dispute with him in respect of anything thereof, but to obey him in whatever command he might impose upon him, pleasing and displeasing: in doing which, it was usual for the person making this covenant to place his hand in the hand of the prince, in confirmation of the covenant, like as is done by the seller and buyer; wherefore the act was termed بَيْعَةٌ, an inf. n. [of un.] of بَاعَ. (Ibn-Khaldoon, in De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., 2nd ed., ii. 256 — 7.) [and hence the phrases, بُويِعَ بِالِخِلَافَةِ and بُويِعَ لَهُ بِالخِلَافَةِ He had the promise, or oath, of allegiance made to him as being Khaleefeh.] Yousay also, بايعهُ عَلَيْهِ, inf. n. مُبَايَعَةٌ, He made a covenant, a compact, an engagement, or the like, with him, respecting it, or to do it: and ↓ تبايعوا عَلَى الأَمْرِ [they made a covenant, &c., respecting, or to do, the thing, or affair]; like as you say أَصْفَقُوا عَلَيْهِ. (TA.) 4 أَبْيَعَ see 1, first sentence.6 تَبَاْيَعَ see 3, throughout.7 إِنْبَيَعَ انباع It was, or became, saleable, or easy of sale; it had an easy, or a ready, sale: (Ibn-'Abbád, K:) as though quasi-pass. of بَاعَهُ [and therefore primarily signifying it was, or became, sold, or bought]. (TA.) 8 إِبْتَيَعَ see 1, in four places.10 اِسْتَبَعْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ I asked him to sell the thing to me; expl. by سَأَلْتُهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ مِنِّى; (S, K; *) for instance, عَبْدَهُ [his slave.] (Mgh.) بَيْعٌ inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. b2: It also signifies The hire, or hiring, of land. (TA.) A2: Also A thing sold, or bought: (Mgh, Msb, TA:) a subst. in this sense: (Mgh, TA:) pl. بُيُوعٌ: (Mgh, Msb, TA:) which is also used as a pl. of the inf. n., to signify Kinds of selling and buying. (Mgh.) See also بِيَاعَةٌ.

بَيْعَةٌ [inf. n. of un. of بَاعَ. b2: Hence,] A striking together of the hands of two contracting parties in token of the ratification of a sale. (Msb, TA.) b3: And [hence,] The act of مُبَايَعَة [or promising, or swearing, allegiance and obedience, as explained above, (see 3,)] and submission, or obedience. (Msb, TA.) Whence, أَيْمَانُ البَيْعَةِ [The oaths of allegiance and obedience]; (Ibn-Khaldoon, in De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., 2nd ed., ii. 257; and Msb;) which the Khaleefehs exacted; (Ibn-Khaldoon;) and which El-Hajjáj appointed, including hard, or difficult, matters, relating to divorce and emancipation and fasting and the like. (Msb.) بِيعَةٌ A mode, or manner, of selling or buying. (S, Mgh, K.) Hence, صَاحِبُ بِيعَةٍ [A person occupying himself in any kind of selling or buying]: occurring in a trad. of Ibn-'Omar. (Mgh, TA.) And إِنَّهُ لَحَسَنُ البِيعَةِ [Verily he is good in the manner of selling or buying]. (S, Mgh, TA.) A2: [A Christian church;] a place of worship (K) pertaining to the Christians: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) or, as some say, a synagogue of the Jews: (TA:) pl. بِيَعٌ, (K, TA,) or بِيْعٌ. (Msb: [but this I think a mistake: if correct, it is a coll. gen. n.]) بَيُوعٌ: see بَيِّعٌ.

بَيَاعَةٌ An article of merchandise; (Lth, S, K;) as also ↓ بَيْعٌ [q. v. suprà]: (Mgh:) pl. of the former بِيَاعَاتٌ. (K.) بَيِّعٌ: see بَائِعٌ, in five places. b2: Also A man who sells, or buys, well; and so ↓ بَيُوعٌ: fem. of the former with ة: pl. mase. بَيِّعُونَ, and pl. fem.

بَيِّعَاتٌ; neither the masc. nor the fem. having a broken pl. (TA.) بَيَّاعٌ A man who sells, or buys, much. (TA.) بَائِعٌ Selling, or a seller: and buying, or a buyer: (Msb, K, * TA:) as also ↓ بَيِّعٌ: (K:) the former signification is the more obvious when بائع is used without restriction: (Msb:) and ↓ بَيِّعٌ also signifies [accord. to some] a bargainer, or chafferer; (K, TA;) not a seller nor a buyer; but Esh-Sháfi'ee and Az deny that this epithet is applied to a man before he has concluded the contract: (L, TA:) the pl. of بائع is بَاعَةٌ: (ISd, K:) and the pl. of ↓ بيّع is بِيَعَآءُ [or rather this is a quasi-pl. n.] and أَبْيعَآءُ: (K:) and Kr holds that بَاعَةٌ is pl. of بيّع. (TA.) ↓ البَيِّعَانِ signifies The seller and the buyer; (S, Mgh;) and so ↓ المُتَبَايِعَانِ. (TA.) It is said in a trad., بِالخِيَارِ مَا ↓ البَيِّعَانِ لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا, and in another, ↓ المُتَبَايِعَانِ, [The seller and the buyer have the option of cancelling the contract as long as they have not separated.] (TA.) b2: اِمْرَأَةٌ بَائِعٌ (tropical:) A woman who easily obtains a suitor; or who is much in demand; by reason of her beauty: (K, TA:) as though she sold herself: like نَاقَةٌ تَاجِرَةٌ. (Z, TA.) مَبِيعٌ Sold: and bought: as also ↓ مَبْيُوعٌ: (S, K:) in the latter sense syn. with ↓ مُبْتَاعٌ. (Msb.) Kh says that the letter suppressed in مَبِيعٌ is the و of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, because it is augmentative: but Akh says that the letter suppressed is the medial radical; for when they made the ى quiescent, they transferred its vowel to the letter before it, so that it became madmoomeh, [the word thus being altered to مَبُيْوعٌ,] then they changed the dammeh into kesreh because of the ى after it, then the ى was suppressed, and the و was changed into ى, like the و of مِيزَانٌ, because of the kesreh: accord. to El-Mázinee, each of these sayings is good; but that of Akh is the more agreeable with analogy. (S.) مَبْيُوعٌ: see مَبِيعٌ.

مُبْتَاعٌ: see مَبِيعٌ.

مُتَبَايِعٌ: see بَائِعٌ, in two places.

برك

1 بَرَكَ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, TA,) inf. n. بُرُوكٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and تَبْرَاكٌ, (K,) said of a camel, (S, Mgh, Msb,) i. q. اِسْتَنَاخَ [i. e. He lay down, or kneeled and lay down, upon his breast, with his legs folded]; (S, K;) he made his breast to cleave to the ground; (Mgh;) he fell upon his بَرْك, i. e. breast; (Msb;) he threw his برك, i. e. breast, upon the ground; (TA;) and in like manner, ↓ برّك, (TA, and so in some copies of the K,) inf. n. تَبْرِيكٌ. (TA.) and بَرَكَتِ النَّعَامَةُ The ostrich lay upon its breast. (TA.) And بَرَكَ is also said of a lion, and of a man. (K voce ربض.) [Of the latter, one also says, بَرَكَ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ He fell, or set himself, upon his knees; he kneeled.] The بُرُوك of a man praying, which is forbidden, is The putting down the hands before the knees, after the manner of the camel [when he lies down; for the latter falls first upon his knees, and then upon his stiflejoints]. (Mgh.) b2: Hence, i. e., from the verb said of a camel, inf. n. بُرُوكٌ, (TA,) He, or it, (i. e. anything, S,) was, or became, firm, steady, steadfast, or fixed; continued, remained, or stayed; (S, K;) in a place: (TK:) [and so, app., with بَرِكَ for its aor. ; for] you say, بَرَكَ لِلْقِتَالِ, aor. ـِ [He was, or became, firm, &c., for the purpose of fighting,] and in like manner بَرِكَ, aor. ـَ (TA. [See also a similar signification of 8.]) b3: (assumed tropical:) It (the night) was, or became, long, or protracted; as though it did not quit its place. (A and TA in art. قعس.) b4: See also 8, in two places.2 بَرَّكَ see 1.

A2: تَبْرِيكٌ also signifies The praying for بَرَكَة, (S, K, TA,) for a man, &c. (TA.) You say, بَرَّكْتُ عَلَيْهِ, inf. n. تَبْرِيكٌ, I said to him, بَارَكَ اللّٰهَ عَلَيْكَ [or فِيكَ &c., God bless thee!

&c.]. (TA.) And برّك علي الطَّعَامِ He prayed for, or invoked, a blessing on the food. (TK.) 3 بارك عَلَيْهِ He kept, or applied himself, constantly, or perseveringly, to it; (Lh, K;) namely, an affair, (TA in art. حفظ,) or commerce, or traffic, &c. (Lh, TA.) A2: بارك اللّٰهُ فِيكَ, (Fr, S, Msb, K,) and لَكَ, and عَلَيْكَ, (S, K,) and بَارَكَكَ, (Fr, S, K,) inf. n. مُبَارَكَةٌ, (TK,) [God bless, beatify, felicitate, or prosper, thee;] God put in thee, (TA,) give thee, make thee to possess, (T, K,) بَرَكَة [i. e. a blessing, good of any kind, prosperity or good fortune, increase, &c.]. (TA, TK.) بَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمِّدٍ وَ عَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ (in a trad., TA,) means Continue Thou, or perpetuate Thou, (O God,) to Mohammad and to the family of Mohammad the eminence and honour which Thou hast given them: (K, TA:) [or still bless or beatify, or continue to bless or beatify, Mohammad &c.: though it may well be rendered simply bless or beatify &c.:] Az says that it is from بَرَكَ said of a camel, meaning “he lay down upon his breast in a place and clave thereto.” (TA.) And اَللّٰهُمَ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِى المَوْتِ, in another trad., means [O God, bless us] in the state to which death will bring us. (TA.) The Arabs say to the beggar, بُورِكَ فِيكَ [Mayest thou be blest; and, in the present day, اَللّٰه يُبَارِك فِيك God bless thee]; meaning thereby to repel him; not to pray for him: and by reason of frequency of usage of this phrase, they have made ↓ بُورِك a noun: a poet [in Har شريش العدوى (app. Sherees, not Shereesh, El-'Adawee), in the TA Aboo-Fir'own,] says, تَظُنُّ أَنَّ بُورِكًا يَكْفِينِى

إِذَا خَرَجْتُ بَاسِطًا يَمِينِى

[She imagines that the saying “Mayest thou be blest” will suffice me when I go forth stretching out my right hand for an alms]. (Har p. 378.

[This verse is differently cited in the TA; for there, instead of تظنّ and خرجت, we find تُحِبُّ and غَدَوْتُ.]) b2: [You also say of a man, بارك فِيهِ, and لَهُ, &c., meaning He blessed him; i. e. he prayed God to bless him.] b3: See also 6.4 ابركهُ He made him (namely, a camel,) to lie down [or kneel and lie down] upon his breast. (S, K.) You say, أَبْرَكْتُهُ فَبَرَكَ I made him to lie down upon his breast, and he lay down upon his breast: but this is rare: the more common phrase is أَنْخَتُهُ فَاسْتَنّاخَ. (S.) A2: See also 8.

A3: مَا أَبْرَكَهُ [How blessed is he, or it!] is an instance of a verb of wonder with a passive meaning [and irregularly derived]. (TA.) 5 تبرّك بِهِ i. q. تَيَمَّنَ بِهِ [He had a blessing; and he was, or became, blest; by means of him, or it: so accord. to explanations of تَبَرُّكْ in the KL: but very often signifying he looked for a blessing by means of him, or it; he regarded him, or it, as a means of obtaining a blessing; he augured good from him, or it; تيمّن به being opposed to تَشَأَّمَ به; as in the K in art. طير, and in Bd in xvii. 14, &c.]: (S, K:) and ↓ تبارك بِالشَّيْءِ He augured good from the thing. (Lth, K.) One says so of a man. (K in art. مسح.) And one says, تبرّك بِاسْمِ اللّٰهِ [He looked for a blessing by means of uttering the name of God, or saying بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ]. (Ksh, on the بسملة; &c.) 6 تبارك, accord. to Zj, is an instance of تَفَاعَلَ [as quasi-pass. of فَاعَلَ, i. e., of بَارَكَ, like as تَبَاعَدَ is of بَاعَدَ,] from البَرَكَةُ; and so say the lexicologists [in general]. (TA.) [Hence,] تبارك اللّٰهُ means [Blessed is, or be, God; or] hallowed is, or be, God; or far removed is, or be, He from every impurity or imperfection, or from everything derogatory from his glory; (K) or highly to be exalted, or extolled, is God; or highly exalted, or extolled, be He; (Abu-l-'Abbás, TA;) greatly to be magnified is God; or greatly magnified be He: (TA:) or i. q. ↓ بَارَكَ, like قَاتَلَ and تَقاَتَلَ, except that فَاعَلَ is trans. and تَفَاَعَلَ is intrans.: (S:) accord. to IAmb, it means [that] one looks for a blessing by means of [uttering] his name (يُتَبَرَّكُ بِاسْمِهِ) in every affair, or case: accord. to Lth, it is a phrase of glorification and magnification: (TA:) or تبارك signifies He is abundant in good; from البَرَكَةُ, which is “abundance of good:” or He exceeds everything, and is exalted above it, in his attributes and his operations; because البَرَكَةُ implies the meaning of increase, accession, or redundance: or He is everlasting; syn. دَامَ; from بُرُوكُ الطَّيْرِ عَلَى المَآءِ [“the continuing of the birds at the water”]; whence البِرْكَةُ, because of the continuance of the water therein: the verb is invariable [when thus used, being considered as divested of all signification of time, or used in an optative sense]; and is not employed [in any of the senses above] otherwise than in relation to God: (Bd in xxv. 1:) it is an attributive peculiar to God. (K.) b2: تبارك بِالشَّىْءِ: see 5.8 ابترك He (a man) threw his بَرْك [i. e. breast upon the ground (as the camel does in lying down), or upon some other thing]. (S.) b2: He (a sword-polisher) leaned upon the polishing-instrument, (K,) on one side. (TA.) And He (a horse) inclined on one side in his running. (TA: [accord. to which, this is from what next follows.]) b3: He hastened, or sped, and strove, laboured, or exerted himself, in running: (S, K:) and ↓ بَرَكَ, inf. n. بُرُوكٌ, (K,) or, as some say, this is a subst. from the former verb, (TA,) He strove, laboured, or exerted himself. (K.) b4: (assumed tropical:) It (a cloud) rained continually, or incessantly: (TA:) and ابتركت السَّمَآءُ (assumed tropical:) the sky rained continually; as also ↓ بَرَكَت, (K,) and ↓ ابركت; but Sgh says that the first of these three is the most correct. (TA.) And ابتركت السَّحَابَةُ (tropical:) The cloud rained vehemently. (K, TA.) b5: ابترك فِى عِرْضِهِ, and عَلَيْهِ, (tropical:) He detracted from his reputation, censured him, or impugned his character, and reviled him, (K, TA,) and laboured in vituperating him. (TA.) ابتركوا فِى الحَرْبِ (tropical:) They fell upon their knees in battle, and so fought one another. (K, TA. [See بَرَكَآءُ, below.]) A2: اِبْتَرَكْتُهُ I prostrated him, or threw him down prostrate, and put him beneath my بَرْك [i. e. breast]. (S.) بَرْكٌ Many camels: (S, K:) or a herd of camels lying down upon their breasts: (K:) or any camels, males and females, lying down upon their breasts by the water or in the desert by reason of the heat of the sun or by reason of satiety: (TA:) or all the camels of the people of an encampment, that return to them from pasture in the evening, or afternoon, to whatever number they may amount, even if they be thousands: (K:) one thereof is termed ↓ بَارِكٌ; (K;) the two words being like تَجْرٌ and تَاجِرٌ; (TA;) fem. ↓ بَارِكَةٌ: (K:) pl. بُرُوكٌ, (S, K,) i. e., pl. of بَرْكٌ. (S.) A2: Also, (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ بِرْكَةٌ, which is with kesr, (S, K,) The breast (S, Msb, K) of a camel: (Msb, TA:) this is the primary signification: (TA:) as some say, the former signifies the breast of the camel with which he crushes a thing beneath it: (TA:) and (K) accord. to Lth, (TA,) the latter is the part next to the ground of the skin of the breast of the camel; (or, as in the 'Eyn, of the skin of the belly of the camel and of the portion of the breast next to it; TA;) as also the former: (K:) or, as some say, the former is the middle of the breast, where [the two prominences of flesh called] the فَهْدَتَانِ conjoin at their upper parts: (Ham p. 66:) or the latter is pl. of the former, like as حِلْيَةٌ is of حَلْىٌ: or the former is of man; and the latter, of others: or the former is the interior of the breast; (or, as Yaakoob says, the middle of the breast; TA;) and the latter, the exterior thereof: (K:) or the former is the breast, primarily of the camel, because camels lie down (تَبْرُكُ) upon the breast; and metaphorically of others. (Ham p. 145.) b2: Hence, بَرْك الشِّتَآءِ (tropical:) The first part of winter; (L, TA; *) and the main part thereof. (L.) b3: And hence, (TA,) البُرُوكُ is an appellation applied to (tropical:) The stars composing the constellation of the Scorpion, of which are الزُّبَانَى and الإِكْلِيلُ and القَلْبُ and الشَّوْلَةُ [the 16th and 17th and 18th and 19th of the Mansions of the Moon], which rise [aurorally] in the time of intense cold; as is also الجُثُومُ: (L, TA: *) or, accord. to IF, to a نَوْء of the أَنْوَآء of الجَوْزَآء; because the انواء thereof do not set [aurorally] without there being during their period a day and a night in which the camels lie upon their breasts (تَبْرُكُ) by reason of the vehemence of the cold and rain. (TA.) بُرْكٌ: see بُرَكٌ.

بِرْكٌ: see بِرْكَةٌ.

بُرَكٌ Remaining fixed (↓ بَارِكٌ) at, or by, a thing. (IAar, K.) So in the phrase بُرَكُ عَلَى جَنْب الإِنَآءِ [Remaining fixed at, or by, the side of the vessel], in a verse describing a [gluttonous] man, who swallows closely-consecutive mouthfuls. (IAar.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Incubus, or nightmare; as also ↓ بَارُوكٌ. (K.) b3: (tropical:) A coward; and so ↓ the latter word. (K, TA.) A2: Also, [and by contraction ↓ بُرْكٌ, as in a verse cited in the M and TA in art. وبص,] A name of the month ذُو الحِجَّة; (AA, K;) one of the ancient names of the months. (AA.) بُرْكَةٌ, (S, K,) or ↓ بُرَكَةٌ, (Msb,) A certain aquatic bird, white, (S, Msb, K,) and small: (K:) [the former applied in Barbary, in the present day, to a duck:] pl. بُرَكٌ (S, Msb, K) and بُرْكَانٌ and بِرْكَانٌ and [pl. of pauc.] أَبْرَاكٌ; (K;) or, in the opinion of ISd, ابراك and بركان are pls. of the pl. [بُرَكٌ]. (TA.) بِرْكَةٌ A mode, or manner, of بُرُوك [i. e. of a camel's kneeling and lying down upon the breast]; (S, * O, * K;) a noun like رِكْبَةٌ and جِلْسَةٌ. (S, O.) One says, مَا أَحْسَنَ بِرْكَةَ هٰذِهِ النَّاقَةِ [How good is this she-camel's manner of lying down on the breast!]. (S.) A2: See also بَرْكٌ.

A3: A حَوْض [i. e. watering-trough or tank]: (K:) or the like thereof, (S, TA,) dug in the ground, not having raised sides constructed for it above the surface of the ground; (TA;) and ↓ بِرْكٌ signifies the same: (Lth, K:) said to be so called because of the continuance of the water therein: (S:) pl. بِرَكٌ, (S, Msb, K,) which Az found to be applied by the Arabs to the tanks, or cisterns, that are constructed with baked bricks, and plastered with lime, in the road to Mekkeh, and at its wateringplaces; sing. بِرْكَةٌ; and sometimes a بركة is a thousand cubits [in length], and less, and more: but the watering-troughs, or tanks, that are made for the rain-water, and not cased with baked bricks, are called أَصْنَاعٌ, sing. صِنْعٌ: (TA:) [بِرْكَةٌ often signifies a basin; a pool; a pond; and a lake: and in the present day, also a bay of the sea: and a reach of a river:] also a place where water remains and collects, or collects and stagnates, or remains long and becomes altered. (ISd, K.) بَرَكَةٌ [A blessing; any good that is bestowed by God; and particularly such as continues and increases and abounds:] good, (Jel in xi. 50,) or prosperity, or good fortune, (Fr, K,) that proceeds from God: (Fr, in explanation of the pl. as used in the Kur xi. 76:) increase; accession; redundance; abundance, or plenty; (S, Msb, K, Kull;) whether sensible or intellectual: and the continuance of divinely-bestowed good, such as is perceived by the intellect, in, or upon, a thing: (Kull:) or firmness, stability, or continuance, coupled with increase: (Ham p. 587:) or increasing good: (Bd in xi. 50:) and abundance of good; implying the meaning of increase, accession, or redundance: (Bd in xxv. 1:) or abundant and continual good: (so in an Expos. of the Jámi' es-Sagheer, cited in the margin of a copy of the MS:) and, accord. to Az, God's superiority over everything. (TA.) بُرَكَةٌ: see بُرْكَةٌ.

بَرَاكِ بَرَاكِ, (S, K, *) like قَطَامِ, (K,) said in war, or battle, (S,) means أُبْرُكُوا [Be ye firm, steady, or steadfast: in the CK, erroneously, اَبْرِكُوا]. (S, K.) بَرُوكٌ A woman that marries having a big son (S, K) of the age of puberty. (S.) بُرُوكٌ A hasting, speeding, striving, labouring, or exerting oneself, in running; a subst. from ابترك: and inf. n. of بَرَكَ in a sense in which it is explained above with the former verb. (K: but see 8.) بَرِيكٌ: see مُبَارَكَ.

بَرَاكَآءُ (S, K) and بُرَاكَآءُ (TA) Firmness, steadiness, or steadfastness, in war, or battle; (IDrd, S;) and a striving, labouring, or exerting oneself [therein]; from البُرُوكُ [inf. n. of بَرَكَ]: (S:) or a falling upon the knees in battle, and so fighting; as also ↓ بَرُوكَآءُ. (K.) b2: Also The field of battle: or, accord. to Er-Rághib, برآكاءُ الحَرْبِ and ↓ بَرُوكَاؤُهَا signify the place to which the men of valour cleave. (TA.) بَرُوكَآءُ: see what next precedes, in two places.

برَّكَانٌ and بَرَّكَانِىٌّ (Fr, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ بَرْنَكَانٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) which is the form commonly obtaining, (Msb,) and mentioned by El-Ghooree as well as J, (Mgh,) but disallowed by Fr, (Mgh, TA,) and ↓ بَرْنَكَانِىٌّ, (K,) but this also is disallowed by Fr, (Mgh, TA,) or, accord. to IDrd, ↓ بَرْنَكَآءُ and ↓ كِسَآءٌ بَرْنَكانِىٌّ, but he says that it is not Arabic, (TA,) A kind of [garment such as is called] كِسَآء, (S, Mgh, Msb,) [similar to a بُرْدَة,] well-known; (Msb;) the black كسآء; (Fr, Mgh, K;) a woollen كسآء having two ornamental borders: (Fr, TA. in art. برنك:) [in Spanish barangane: (Golius:)] pl. [of all except the first two] بَرَانِكُ. (IDrd, K.) بَرَكَانٌ, without teshdeed, is not mentioned by any one. (Mgh.) بَرْنَكَآءُ and بَرْنَكَانٌ and برْنَكَانِىٌّ: see بَرَّكَانٌ, in four places.

بَارِكٌ, fem. with ة: see بَرْكٌ, in two places: b2: and see بُرَكٌ.

بُورَكٌ i. q. بُورَقٌ; (K;) that is put into flour, (TA,) or into dough. (JK and Mgh and TA in explanation of the latter word.) بُورِك, as a noun: see 3.

بَارُوكٌ: see بُرَكٌ, in two places.

مَبْرَكٌ A place where camels lie upon their breasts: pl. مَبَارِكٌ. (Msb.) You say, فُلَانٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِبْرَكٌ جَمَلٍ [Such a one has not a place in which a camel lies; meaning he does not possess a single camel]. (S.) مُبَارَكٌ is originally مُبَارَكٌ فِيهِ [or لَهُ or عَلَيْهِ, accord. to those who know not, or disallow, بَارَكَ as trans. without a preposition; and signifies Blessed, beatified, felicitated, or prospered; gifted with, or made to possess, بَرَكة, i. e. a blessing, any good that is bestowed by God, prosperity or good fortune, increase, &c.]; (Msb;) abounding in good; (Ksh and Bd in iii. 90;) abounding in advantage or utility: (Bd in vi. 92 and 156, and xxxviii. 28, and 1. 9:) the pl. applied to irrational things is مُبَارَكَاتٌ. (Msb.) You say also ↓ بَرِيكٌ as meaning مُبَارَكَ فِيهِ: (K:) or طَعَامٌ بَرِيكٌ is as though meaning مُبَارَكٌ [i. e. Blessed food; or food in which is a blessing, &c.]. (S.) مُبْتَرِكٌ, [in the CK مُتَبَرِّكٌ,] applied to a man, (tropical:) Leaning, or bearing, upon a thing; applying himself [thereto] perseveringly, assiduously, or constantly. (K, TA.) b2: Also, applied to a cloud, (tropical:) Bearing down [upon the earth], and paring off the surface of the ground [by its vehement rain: see 8]. (TA.) مُتَبَارِكٌ [app. applied to God (see its verb)] High, or exalted. (Th, TA.)

غرف

1 غَرَفَ المَآءَ, (Msb, K,) or غَرَفَ المَآءَ بِيَدِهِ, (S, O, TA,) aor. ـِ (S, O, Msb, K) and غَرُفَ, (K,) inf. n. غَرْفٌ; (S, O, Msb;) and ↓ اغترفهُ, (Msb, K,) or اغترف مِنْهُ, (S,) or both of these; (O, TA;) He took [or laded out] the water with his hand [as with a ladle]: (K, TA:) and in like manner, بِالمِغْرَفَةِ [with the ladle]. (JK.) A2: غَرَفَ الشَّىْءَ, (S, O, K, *) aor. ـُ (TK,) inf. n. غَرْفٌ, (TA,) He cut, or cut off, the thing. (S, O, K. *) b2: And غَرَفَ نَاصِيَتَهُ He clipped his forelock; (S, O, K;) i. e. a horse's. (S, O.) A3: غَرَفَ الجِلْدَ, (S, O, TA,) inf. n. غَرْفٌ, (TA,) He tanned the skin with غَرْف [q. v.]. (S, O, TA.) A4: غَرَفَ البَعِيرَ, aor. ـُ and غَرِفَ, (O, TA,) inf. n. غَرْفٌ, (TA,) He put upon the head of the camel a rope, or cord, called غُرْفَة [q. v.]. (O, TA.) A5: See also 7.

A6: غَرِفَتِ الإِبِلُ, aor. ـَ (S, O, K,) inf. n. غَرَفٌ, (S, O,) The camels had a complaint (S, O, K) of their bellies (O, K) from eating غَرْف [q. v.]. (S, O, K.) 5 تَغَرَّفَنِى He took everything that was with me: (K, TA:) so in the Tekmileh. (TA.) 7 انغرف It (a thing) became cut, or cut off. (S, O, K.) b2: And It bent, or became bent: (Yaakoob, TA:) and some say, it broke, or became broken: (TA:) [and ↓ غَرَفَ, inf. n. غَرْفٌ, app. has both of these meanings; for] الغَرْفُ, accord. to IAar, signifies The bending, or becoming bent; and the breaking, or becoming broken. (TA.) انغرف said of a bone means It broke, or became broken: and said of a branch, or stick, or the like, it became broken, but not thoroughly. (TA.) b3: And He died. (TA.) 8 إِغْتَرَفَ see 1, first sentence. غَرْفٌ and ↓ غَرَفٌ, (S, K,) the latter mentioned by Yaakoob, (S,) A species of trees, (شَجَرٌ,) with which one tans; (S, K;) when dry, [said to be] what are termed ثُمَام: (TA: [but perhaps this statement applies particularly to غَرَفٌ, which see below: and see also ثُمَامٌ:]) accord. to A'Obeyd, called غَرْفٌ and غَلْفٌ [q. v.]: AHn says, the غرف is a species of trees from which bows are made; [see عِضَاهٌ;] and no one tans with it; but Kz says that its leaves may be used for tanning therewith, though bows be made of its branches: and Aboo-Mohammad mentions, on the authority of As, that one tans with the leaves of the ↓ غَرَف, and not with its branches: El-Báhilee says that غَرْفٌ signifies certain skins, not such as are termed قَرَظِيَّة, [i. e. not tanned with قَرَظ, but] tanned, in Hejer, in the following manner: one takes for them sprigs (هَدَب) of the أَرْطَى, and puts them in a mortar, and pounds them, then throws upon them dates, whereupon there comes forth from them an altered odour, after which a certain quantity is laded out for each skin, which is then tanned therewith; and the term غَرْف is applied to that which is laded out, and to every quantity of skin from that mash, to one and to all alike: but Az says, the غَرْف with which skins are tanned is well known, of the trees of the desert (البَادِيَة), and, he says, I have seen it; and what I hold is this, that the skins termed غَرْفِيَّة are thus termed in relation to the species of trees called the غَرْف, not to what is laded out: As says that الغَرْفُ, with the ر quiescent, signifies certain skins that are brought from El-Bahreyn. (TA.) غَرَفٌ, (O, K, TA,) accord. to AA, (O,) or IAar, (T, TA,) i. q. ثُمَامٌ [Panic grass]; (O, K, TA;) not used for tanning therewith; and accord. to Az, this that IAar says is correct: AHn says that when it becomes dry, and one chews it, its odour is likened to that of camphor: (TA:) or ثُمَام while green: (K:) or one of the species of ثُمَام, which resembles rushes (أَسَل,) of which brooms are made, and with which water-bags of leather are covered to protect them from the sun so that the water becomes cool: (A 'Obeyd, TA:) the n. un. is with ة. (AHn, O.) And, (O, K,) accord. to Skr, (O,) The شَثّ, and طُبَّاق, and نَشَم [thus (correctly) in the O, but in the K بَشَم], and عَفَار [in the CK غَفار], and عُتْم, and صَوْم, and حَبَج, and شَدْن, and حَيَّهَل [or حَيَّهْل], and هَيْشَر, and ضُرْم [thus in the O and in some copies of the K] or ضِرْم [thus in other copies of the K]: every one of these is called غَرَف. (O, K.) b2: See also غَرْفٌ, in two places. b3: Also The leaves of trees (K, TA) with which tanning is performed. (TA.) غَرْفَةٌ A single act of taking [or lading out] water with the hand [as with a ladle: and in like manner also with a ladle: see 1, first sentence]. (S, * Mgh, * Msb, * K.) A2: And A single act of cutting, or cutting off, a thing: or of clipping the forelock of a horse. (K, * TA.) غُرْفَةٌ The quantity of water that is taken [or laded out] with the hand [as with a ladle]; (JK, S, * Mgh, * O, Msb, * K;) as much thereof as fills the hand; (JK;) and ↓ غُرَافَةٌ signifies the same: (O, K:) before it is so taken it is not termed غُرْفَة: (S, K:) the pl. is غِرَافٌ. (S, Msb, K.) b2: and [hence, app.,] Somewhat remaining, of milk. (IAar, TA in art. جزع.) A2: Also i. q. عُِلِّيَّةٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) i. e. [An upper chamber; or] a chamber in the upper, or uppermost, story: (Har p. 325:) pl. غُرَفٌ and غُرَفَاتٌ (S, O, Msb, K) which latter is held by some to be a pl. pl. (Msb) and غُرُفَاتٌ and غُرْفَاتٌ. (S, O, Msb, K.) b2: and الغُرْفَةُ signifies The Seventh Heaven: (S, * O, * K:) or the highest of the places of Paradise: or it is one of the names of Paradise. (Bd in xxv. 75.) Accord. to the S [and O], the phrase دُونَ غُرْفَةِ عَرْشِهِ occurs in a verse of Lebeed, as applying to the Seventh Heaven: but what is [found] in his poetry is دُونَ عِزَّةِ عَرْشِهِ. (IB, TA.) A3: Also A lock (خُصْلَة) of hair. (O, K.) b2: And A rope, or cord, tied with a bow, or double bow, (مَعْقُودٌ بِأُنْشُوطَةٍ, O, K,) which is put upon the head, (O,) or hung upon the neck, (K,) of a camel: (O, K:) of the dial. of El-Yemen. (TA.) غِرْفَةٌ A mode, or manner, of taking [or lading out] water with the hand [as with a ladle]. (K.) A2: And A sandal: pl. غِرَفٌ: (K:) of the dial. of Asad. (TA.) [See also غَرِيفَةٌ.]

غَرْفِىٌّ applied to a سِقَآء [or skin for water or for milk], (S, O, K,) and غَرْفِيَّةٌ applied to a مَزَادَة [or leathern water-bag], (S, O,) Tanned with the species of tree called غَرْف: (S, O, K:) Aboo-Kheyreh says that the [skins termed] غرفيّة are of El-Yemen and El-Bahreyn: and accord. to AHn, one says ↓ مَزَادَةٌ غَرَفِيَّةٌ and قِرْبَةٌ غَرَفِيَّةٌ; and the pl. غَرَفِيَّاتٌ occurs in a verse [in which the ر cannot be quiescent], cited by As. (TA.) b2: مَزَادَةٌ غَرْفِيَّةٌ signifies also [A leathern water-bag] full: or, as some say, tanned with dates and [the tree called] أَرْطَى and salt. (TA.) غَرَفِيَّةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

غِرَافٌ A certain large measure of capacity; (S, K;) like جِرَافٌ; (S;) also called قَنْقَلٌ [q. v.]. (S, K.) b2: And pl. of غُرْفَةٌ in the first of the meanings assigned to it above. (S, Msb, K.) غَرُوفٌ A well (بِئْرٌ) of which the water is taken [or laded out] with the hand. (O, L, K.) b2: And A large bucket (غَرْبٌ) that takes up much water; (O, K;) as also ↓ غَرِيفٌ; (K;) and غَرِيفَةٌ is applied [in the same sense] to a [bucket termed] دَلْو. (Lth, TA.) غَرِيفٌ: see what next precedes.

A2: Also i. q. قَصْبَآءُ [i. e. Reeds, or canes; or a collection, or bed, thereof; or a place where reeds, or canes, grow]: and [the kind of high, coarse grass called]

حَلْفَآء [q. v.]: and i. q. غَيْضَةٌ [i. e. a collection of tangled, or confused, or dense, trees; &c.]: (AHn, O, K, TA: [but for غَيْضَة, which is thus in the K accord. to the TA, as well as in the O, many (app. most) of the copies of the K have غَيْفَة, a mistranscription:]) and water [in such a collection of trees, &c., i. e.,] in an أَجَمَة; (S, O, K;) thus expl. by Lth; (TA;) said to have this meaning in a verse (S, O, TA) of El-Aashà; (O, TA;) but pronounced by Az incorrect: (TA:) and numerous tangled, or confused, or dense, trees, of any kind; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ غَرِيفَةٌ: (ISd, K:) or a dense collection (أَجَمَةٌ) of papyrus-plants and of حَلْفَآء [mentioned above] (K, TA) and of reeds, or canes; (TA;) and sometimes of the [trees called] ضَال and سَلَم: (AHn, K, TA:) pl. غُرُفٌ. (O.) غِرْيَفٌ A species of trees, (Aboo-Nasr, S, O, K,) of a soft, or weak, kind, (Aboo-Nasr, O, K,) like the غَرَب: (Aboo-Nasr, O:) or the papyrus-plant. (AHn, O, K.) غُرَافَةٌ: see غُرْفَةٌ, first sentence.

غَرِيفَةٌ A piece of leather, about a span in length, and empty, in the lower part of the [receptacle called] قِرَاب of a sword, dangling; and [sometimes] it has notches cut in it, and is ornamented. (S, O, K.) b2: And A sandal, (S, O, K,) in the dial. of Benoo-Asad, (S, O,) and used also by the tribe of Teiyi: (Sh, TA:) [see also غِرْفَةٌ:] or an old and worn-out sandal. (Lh, K.) A2: See also غَرِيفٌ.

غَرَّافٌ A river, or channel of running water, having much water. (O, K.) b2: And A copious rain: occurring in this sense in a verse: or, as some relate it, the word is there عَزَّاف [q. v.]. (TA.) b3: And A horse wide in step; that takes much of the ground with his legs. (Az, O, K. *) غَارِفَةٌ, applied to a she-camel, Swift; pl. غَوَارِفُ: and one says also ↓ خَيْلٌ مَغَارِفُ [Swift horses; app. likened, in respect of the action of their fore legs, to men lading out water with their hands; for it is added,] كَأَنَّهَا تَغْرِفُ الجَرْىَ: and فَارِسٌ

↓ مِغْرَفٌ [A swift horseman]. (O, K.) A2: الغَارِفَة which is forbidden by the Prophet is a word of the measure فَاعِلَة in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولَة, (O, K,) like رَاضِيَة in the phrase عِيشَةٌ رَاضِيَةٌ, (O,) and means What a woman cuts, and makes even, or uniform, fashioned in the manner of a طُرَّة [q. v., but for مُطَرَّرَةً, the reading of the K given in the TA, the CK and my MS. copy of the K have مُطَرَّزَة, and thus too has the O but without the teshdeed], upon the middle of her جَبِين [here meaning forehead]: (O, K, TA:) thus says Az: (TA:) or it is an inf. n., meaning الغَرْف, like اللَّاغِيَة (O, K, TA) and الرَّاغِيَة and الثَّاغِيَة; (O, TA;) or, accord. to Az, it is a subst. similar to رَاغِيَة and لَاغِيَة; and the meaning is, the clipping of the front hair, fashioned in the manner of a طُرَّة (مُطَرَّرَةً), upon the جَبِين: or, accord. to El-Khattábee, the meaning is, the clipper of her front hair on the occasion of an affliction. (TA.) مِغْرَفٌ, and the pl. مَغَارِفُ: see the next preceding paragraph, first sentence.

مِغْرَفَةٌ [A ladle; i. e.] the thing with which is performed the act of lading out (مَا يُغْرَفُ بِهِ, S, O, Msb, K) [water &c., or] food: pl. مَغَارِفُ. (Msb.)

هجر

1 هَجَرَهُ, (S, A, &c.,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. هَجْرٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and هِجْرَانٌ, (S, A, Mgh, K,) or the latter is a simple subst., (Msb,) He cut him off from friendly or loving, communion or intercourse; contr. of وَصَلَهُ: (S, Mgh:) he forsook, or abandoned, him; syn. قَطَعَهُ: (Msb, TA:) he cut him; meaning, he ceased to speak to him, or to associate with him; syn. صَرَمَهُ, (A, Mgh, K,) and قَطَعَ كَلَامَهُ. (Mgh.) It is said in the Kur, [iv. 38,] وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِى المَضَاجِعٍ, i. e., [And cut ye them off from loving intercourse] in the sleeping-places, in order to obtain their obedience. (Msb.) See also 3. b2: He left it; forsook it; relinquished it; abandoned it; deserted it; quitted it: abstained from it: neglected it: shunned or avoided it; was averse from it: syn. تَرَكَهُ; (A, Msb, K, TA;) and رَفَضَهُ; (Msb;) and فَارَقَهُ: (B:) and أَغْفَلَهُ: and أَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ: (TA:) namely, a thing to which it was necessary for him to pay frequent attention: (Lth, TA:) as also ↓ أَهْجَرَهُ; (K;) which latter is of the dial. of Hudheyl: (TA:) and هُجِرَ he, or it, was left; &c. (IKtt.) هِجْرَانٌ may be with the body and with the tongue and with the heart or mind: it is with the first in the passage of the Kur cited above: it may be with any of the three in the Kur, [lxxiii. 10,] where it is said, وَاهْجُرْهُمْ هَجْرًا جَمِيلًا [And avoid thou them, i. e., avoid the associating with them in person, or speaking to them, or entertaining friendship for them in thy heart, with an avoiding of a becoming kind]: and it is with all the three in the following ex. in the Kur, [lxxiv. 5,] وَالرِّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ [And idolatry avoid thou]. (B.) You say also, هَجَرَ الشِّرْكَ, inf. n. هَجْرٌ and هِجْرَانٌ, [He abstained from, or avoided, polytheism, or the associating of others with God,] هِجْرَةً حَسَنَةً [with a good manner of abstaining, or avoiding]. (Lh, K.) And it is said in a trad., وَلَا يَسْمَعُونَ القُرْآنَ إِلَّا هَجْرًا, meaning, [And they hear not the Kur-án save] with neglect of it, and aversion from it: the reading الّا هُجْرًا, mentioned by IKt, and his explanation of it, save with foul speech, are both said by El-Khattábee to be erroneous. (TA.) b3: هَجَرَ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. هَجْرٌ, He (a man) went, removed, retired, or withdrew himself, to a distance, far away, or far off. (TA.) b4: هَجَرَ فِى الصَّوْمِ, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. هِجْرَانٌ, (TA,) He abstained from sexual intercourse in fasting. (K.) A2: هَجَرَ, (Lth, Fr, S, A, K, &c.,) or هَجَرَ فِى كَلَامِهِ, (Msb,) aor. ـُ (Lth, Fr, S, &c.,) inf. n. هَجْرٌ, (Lth, S, A, Mgh, Msb,) with fet-h, (Mgh,) or هُجْرٌ, with damm, (K,) and هِجِّيرَى, (A, K,) or this is a simple subst., (Lth,) and إِهْجِيرَى, (K,) [or this and that which immediately precedes it are intensive inf. ns.,] He (a sick man, Lth, S, Msb, K, or one having the disease termed بِرْسَام, A'Obeyd, A, or having a fever, A'Obeyd, and one sleeping. Fr, K) talked nonsense; talked irrationally or foolishly or deliriously, (Lth, Fr, S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and confusedly: (Msb:) or هِجِّيرَى signifies the talking much, and saying what is evil. (Sb.) In the Kur, [xxiii. 69,] instead of تَهْجُرُونَ, in the phrase سَامِرًا تَهْجُرُونَ, [Holding discourse by night, talking irrationally or foolishly,] I'Ab reads تُهْجِرُونَ from ↓ أَهْجَرَ, [q. v.,] from الهُجْرُ. (TA.) b2: See also 4. b3: هَجَرَ بِهِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَجْرٌ, He dreamed of him or it; or saw him or it in sleep: or he did so and talked foolishly or deliriously. (TA.) 2 هجّر, (Lth, A, K, &c.,) inf. n. تَهْجِيرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) He journeyed in the time called the هَاجِرَة; (Lth, S, A, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ تهجّر; (IAar, S, A, K;) and ↓ اهجر: (K:) or he went forth in that time: (Az, TA:) or he was (صَارَ) in that time: (Msb: [but in my copy of that work, صار is perhaps a mistake for سَارَ:]) or ↓ اهجر has this last signification; (Lth, TA;) or signifies he entered upon that time; like اظهر (A.) b2: It (the day) attained to the time called he هَاجِرَة. (S, TA.) 3 هاجرهُ, (A,) inf. n. مُهَاجَرَةٌ; (B;) and ↓ اهتجرهُ; (A;) He cut him off from friendly, or loving, communion or intercourse, being so cut off by him; or he cut him, or ceased to speak to him, being in like manner cut by him: and he forsook, or abandoned, him, being forsaken, or abandoned, by him: (A, * B:) this is the primary signification of the former. (B.) b2: هاجر, (T, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. مُهَاجَرَةٌ (T, S, A, Msb) and هِجْرَةٌ, (A,) or the latter is a simple subst., (Mgh, Msb,) He (an inhabitant of the desert) went forth from his desert to the cities or towns: this is the primary acceptation, with the Arabs, of the verb [when intrans.]: also, he (any one) left his place of abode, emigrating to another people: (Az:) he departed, or went forth, from one land to another, (S, K,) or from one country, or district, or town, to another: (Msb:) and, as used in the Kur, ii. 215, [and in many other instances in the same and other books,] he went forth [or emigrated] from the territory of the unbelievers to the territory of the believers [or to any place of safety or refuge on account of religious persecution, &c.] (B.) See an ex. voce تَهَجَّرَ; and see هِجْرَةٌ.4 اهجرهُ: see هَجَرَهُ.

A2: اهجر فِى مَنْطِقِهِ, (S, * Mgh, Msb, K,) or simply اهجر, (A,) inf. n. إِهْجَارٌ (S, K) and هُجْرٌ, (Lh, Kr, K,) or the latter is, correctly speaking, a simple subst., (TA,) He spoke, or uttered, foul, evil, bad, abominable, or unseemly, language: (S, A, Mgh, K:) or he did so much; beyond what he used to do before; as also ↓ هَجَرَ, aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. هَجْرٌ: (L, TA:) and in like manner, he talked much of that which was not fit, suitable, meet, or proper. (S.) b2: اهجر بِهِ He mocked, or scoffed, or laughed at him, derided him, or ridiculed him, and said respecting him what was foul, evil, bad, abominable, or unseemly. (Msb, K.) A3: See also 2, in two places.5 تهجّر He affected to be like the مُهَاجِرُون [or emigrants from the territory of the unbelievers to that of the believers]. (A'Obeyd, S, A, K.) Hence the trad., وَلَا تَهَجَّرُوا ↓ هَاجِرُوا, (A'Obeyd, S, A,) i. e., Perform ye the هِجْرَة with sincerity towards God, and affect not to be like those who do so without your being really such as do so: said by 'Omar. (A'Obeyd, TA.) A2: See also 2.6 تهاجروا [They cut one another off from friendly or loving communion or intercourse; or they cut, or ceased to speak to, one another: they forsook, or abandoned, one another: as also ↓ اهتجروا] (A.) You say also هُمَا يَتَهَاجَرَانِ, and ↓ يَهْتَجِرَانِ, i. e., يَتَقَاطِعَانِ [They two cut each other off &c.]: (K:) تَهَاجُرٌ is syn. with تَقَاطُعُ. (S.) 8 إِهْتَجَرَ see 3 and 6; the latter in two places. b2: [He journeyed in the time of the حَاجِرَة: see 8 in art. عشو.]

هَجْرٌ: see هُجْرٌ: A2: and see also هَاجِرَةٌ.

هُجْرٌ, a subst. from أَهْجَرَ; (S, Mgh;) or from its syn. هَجَرَ; (Msb;) Foul, evil, bad, abominable, or unseemly, language, or talk; (As, Ks, T, S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ هَجْرَآءُ; (Sgh, K;) and ↓ هَاجِرَةٌ; of which last the pl. is هَوَاجِرُ, incorrectly said by IJ to be an irreg. pl. of هُجْرٌ; or ↓ هَاجِرَةٌ may be an inf. n., like كَاذِبَةٌ &c. (IB.) You say, قَالَ هُجْرًا وَبُجْرًا, and ↓ هَجْرًا وَبَجْرًا, [He said] a foul [and a wonderful] thing: ↓ هَجْرٌ is an inf. n., and هُجْرٌ is a simple subst. (L, TA.) And ↓ رَمَاهُ بِالْهَاجِرَاتِ He assailed him with foul words: هاجرات being a word of the same class as لَابِنْ and تَامِرٌ. (A, Msb.) and ↓ رَمَاهُ بِهَاجِرَاتٍ, and ↓ بِمُهْجِرَاتٍ, (S, K,) or بِالْهَاجِرَاتِ, (A,) and بِالْمُهْجِرَاتِ, (A, Msb,) He accused him of evil things that exposed him to disgrace: (S, K:) or of foul, or evil, actions. (A, Msb.) And ↓ تَكَلَّمَ بِالْمَهَاجِرِ (in the CK بالمُهاجِرِ) He spoke foul, or evil, language. (L, K.) هِجِرٌّ: see هِجْرَةٌ.

هُجْرَةٌ: see هِجْرَةٌ.

هِجْرَةٌ, a subst. from هَجَرَهُ, (S, K,) as also ↓ هِجْرَانٌ, (Msb,) signifying The cutting another off from friendly or loving communion or intercourse: (S:) cutting one; or ceasing to speak to him: (K:) forsaking, abandoning, deserting, or shunning or avoiding, one. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., لَا هِجْرَةَ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ [There shall be no cutting off from friendly communion after three nights with their days,]: the meaning is, هَجْرٌ as contr. of وَصْلٌ; i. e., such anger as exists between Muslims, or a failing, or falling short, with respect to the duties of society, exclusively of what relates to religion: but the هِجْرَة of those who follow their own natural desires [in matters of religion], and of innovators [in religion], should continue even as long as they do not repent, and return to the truth. (TA.) b2: [Also, A mode, or manner, of cutting another off from friendly or loving communion or intercourse: &c. See 1, where an ex. occurs.] b3: Also, A removal from the desert to the towns or villages: this was its [primary] acceptation with the Arabs: and the forsaking of his country, or district, or the like, by an inhabitant of the desert, or by an inhabitant of a town, or village, or cultivated district, and taking up his abode in another country or district, or the like, an emigration; (TA;) the forsaking of one's home and removing to another place; (Mgh;) the forsaking of a country, or district, or the like, and removing to another; (Msb;) the going forth from one land to another; as also ↓ هُجْرَةٌ. (K:) [and an emigration from the territory of the unbelievers to the territory of the believers, or to any place of safety or refuge on account of religious persecution &c.: see 3, last signification:] a subst. from هَاجَرَ. (Msb, TA.) b4: [الهِجْرَةٌ, peculiarly, The emigration, or flight, (for it was really a flight,) of Mohammad, from Mekkeh to Yethrib, which latter was afterwards called El-Medeeneh. Hence, تَأْرِيخُ الهِجْرَةِ The era of the Hijreh, or Flight. The epoch of this era is not the date of the Flight itself, as some have imagined, (for this took place on an uncertain day, most probably the first or second, of the third lunar month of the Arabian year,) but is the first day of the Arabian year in which the Flight happened: and as I believe that all European writers who have attempted to fix it, prior to M. Caussin de Perceval, have erred respecting it, the true date, as shown by him, (see his “ Essai sur l'Histoire des Arabes,” &c., in the places referred to in the index to that work,) I think it important here to mention. The first year of the Flight was the two hundred and eleventh year of a period during which the Arabs made use of a defective luni-solar reckoning, making every third year to consist of thirteen lunar months; the others consisting of twelve such months. This mode of reckoning was abolished by Mohammad in the twelfth month of the tenth year of the Flight, at the time of the pilgrimage; whence it appears that the first year of the Flight commenced, most probably, on Monday, the nineteenth of April, A. D. 622; or perhaps on the eighteenth; for the actual appearance of the new moon properly marked its commencement, and, as the new moon happened about sunset on the sixteenth, it may perhaps have been seen on the eve of the eighteenth. According to M. Caussin de Perceval, the first ten years of the Flight commenced at the following periods.

1st.[Mon.]Apr. 19, 622 2nd.[Sat.]May 7, 623 3rd.[Th.]Apr. 26, 624 4th.[Mon.]Apr. 15, 625 5th.[Sat.]May. 3, 626 6th.[Th.]Apr. 23, 627 7th.[Tu.]Apr. 12, 628 8th.[Mon.]May. 1, 629 9th.[Fri.]Apr. 20, 630 10th.[Tu.]Apr. 9, 631 Thus it appears that the first and fourth and seventh years were of thirteen lunar months each; and the seventh was the last year that was thus augmented: therefore, with the eighth year commenced the reckoning by common lunar years; and from this point we may use the tables which have often been published for finding the periods of commencement of years of the Flight. We must not, however, rely upon the exact accuracy of these tables: for the commencement of the month was generally determined by actual observation of the new moon; not by calculation; and we often find that a year was commenced, according as the place of observation was low or high, or to the east or west of the place to which the calculation is adapted, or according as the sky was obscure or clear, a day later or earlier than that which is indicated in the tables; and in some cases, even two days later. The twelfth day of the third month of the first year of the Flight, the day of Mohammad's arrival at Kubà, was Monday: therefore the first day of the year was most probably the nineteenth of April, as two months of thirty days each, or twenty-nine days each, seldom occur together. But the tenth day of the first month of the sixty-first year, the day on which El-Hoseyn was slain at Kerbelà, was Friday: therefore the first day of that year, at that place, must have been Wednesday, the third of October, A. D. 680; not the first of October, as in most of the published tables above mentioned. (For the principal divisions of the Arabian year when the luni-solar reckoning was instituted, see زَمَنٌ)]. الهِجْرَتَانِ means [The two emigrations, or flights; namely,] the هِجْرَة to Abyssinia and the هِجْرَة to El-Medeeneh. (S, K.) And ذُو الهِجْرَتَيْنِ He (of the صَحَابَة [or Companions of Mohammad] TA) who emigrated, or who has emigrated, to Abyssinia and to El-Medeeneh. (K.) هَجْرَآءُ: see هُجْرٌ.

هِجْرَانٌ: see هِجْرَةٌ.

هِجْرِيَّا: see هِجِّيرٌ.

هَجِيرٌ Left; forsaken; relinquished; abandoned; deserted; quitted: abstained from: neglected: shunned or avoided. (TA.) A2: See also هَاجِرَةٌ, in three places.

هَجِيرَةٌ: see هَاجِرَةٌ.

هِجِّيرٌ Custom; manner; habit; wont: state; condition; case; syn. دَأْبٌ, (T, S, A, K,) and عَادَةٌ, (S, TA,) and دَيْدَنٌ, (TA,) and شَأْنٌ: (T, A, K:) and the speech, or language, of a man; [or what one is accustomed to say;] syn. كَلَامٌ: (T, TA:) as also ↓ هِجِّيرَى, (T, S, A, K,) and ↓ إِهْجِيرَى, (S, K,) and ↓ إِهْجِيرَآءُ, and ↓ أُهْجُورَةٌ, and ↓ هِجْرِيَّا, (K,) and إِجْرِيَّا, and إِجْرِيَّآءُ. (S.) You say, مَا زَالَ ذٰلِكَ هِجِّيرَهُ, (A, K, * TA [in the CK, هٰذَا هِجِّيرَتُهُ,]) and هِجِّيرَاهُ, (S, A, K,) and إِهْجِيرَاهُ, &c., (K,) That ceased not to be his custom, &c. (S, A, K. *) And ↓ مَا لَهُ هِجِّيرَى

غَيْرُهَا He has no custom, &c., other than it. (TA, from a trad.) هِجِّيرَى: see هِجِّيرٌ.

هَاجِرٌ, act. part. n. of 1, q. v. b2: Talking nonsense; talking foolishly or deliriously. (S, TA.) See 1, last signification but one.

هَاجِرَةٌ: see هُجْرٌ, in four places.

A2: الهَاجِرَةُ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ هَجِيرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ هَجِيرَةٌ, (A, K,) and ↓ هَجْرٌ, (S, K,) Midday when the heat is vehement: (S:) or midday in summer, or in the hot season: (Mgh, Msb:) or the period from a little before noon to a little after noon in summer, or in the hot season, only: (En-Nadr, ISk:) or from the time when the sun declines from the meridian: (Aboo-Sa'eed:) or midday, when the sun declines from the meridian, at the ظُهْر: or from its declining until the عَصْر: because people [then] shelter themselves in their tents or houses; as though they forsook one another (تَهَاجَرُوا): (K:) or the vehemence of the heat (K, TA) therein: (TA:) and الهُوَيْجِرَةُ [dim. of الهاجرة] the period a little after the هَاجِرَة: (EsSukkaree:) [pl. of the first, هَوَاجِرُ.] You say, طَبَخَتْهُ الهَوَاجِرُ [The vehement midday heats affected him with a hot, or burning, fever]. (A.) And ↓ صَلَاةُ الهَجِيرِ The prayer of noon; as also الهَجِيرُ, elliptically. (TA.) See also ظَهِيرَةٌ.

أُهْجُورَةٌ: see هِجِّيرٌ.

إِهْجِيرَى: see هِجِّيرٌ.

إِهجِيرَآءُ: see هِجِّيرٌ.

أَتَيْنَا أَهْلَنَا مُهْجِرِينَ We came to our family in the time of the هَاجِرَة. (S.) b2: مُهْجِرَاتٌ and مَهَاجِرُ: see هُجْرٌ.

هَلْ مُهَجِّرٌ كَمَنْ قَالَ Is one who journeys in the هَاجِرَة like him who stays during the time of midday? (TA, from a trad.) مَهْجُورٌ Cut off from friendly or loving communion or intercourse; forsaken, or abandoned: cut, or not spoken to. (Mgh, Msb.) In like manner مَهْجُورًا is used in the Kur, [xxv. 32,] signifying avoided, or forsaken, with the tongue, or with the heart or mind. (B.) [But see what here follows.]

A2: Talk, or language, uttered irrationally or foolishly or deliriously. It is related by Aboo-'Obeyd, on the authority of Ibráheem, that the words of the Kur, إِنَّ قَوْمِى اتَّخَذُوا هٰذَا الْقُرْآنَ مَهْجُورًا, [xxv. 32,] mean, Verily my people have made this Kur-án a thing of which they have said what is not true: because the sick man, when he talks irrationally or foolishly or deliriously, says what is not true: and the like is related on the authority of Mujáhid. (S.) مُهَاجَرٌ A place to which one emigrates. (Msb.) مُهَاجِرٌ Any one, whether an inhabitant of the desert [as in the primary acceptation of the epithet] or an inhabitant of a town or village or cultivated district, who emigrates; or who forsakes his country or district or the like, and takes up his abode in another country or district or the like. Hence المُهَاجِرُونَ applied to The emigrants to El-Medeeneh: because they forsook their places of abode in which they were reared, for the sake of God, and attached themselves to an abode in which they had neither family nor property, when they emigrated to El-Medeeneh. (TA.)

جي

أ1 جَآءَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. مَجِىْءٌ (S, Msb, K, &c., [the most common form, but] deviating from the general rule [respecting inf. ns. of this class], for the inf. n. of a verb of the form فَعَلَ having its aor. of the form يَفْعِلُ is [accord. to the general rule, if commencing with an augmentative م,] مَفْعَلٌ, though some words, beside مَجِىْءٌ, deviate from this rule by being of the measure مَفْعِلٌ, [ for مَجِىْءٌ is originally مَجْيِئٌ,] as مَعِيشٌ and مَكِيلٌ and مَصِيرٌ and مَسِيرٌ and مَحِيدٌ and مَمِيلٌ and مَقِيلٌ and مَزِيدٌ and مَعِيلٌ and مَبِيعٌ and مَحِيصٌ and مَحِيضٌ, S, * TA) and جَيْئَةٌ (S, K, of the form of an inf. n. of un., but used as an inf. n. in an absolute sense, like رَجْفَةٌ and رَحْمَةٌ, S, TA) and جَىْءٌ, (K,) He, or it, came; or was, or became, present; syn. أَتَى; (S, K;) or حَضَرَ, said of a man [&c.]; (Msb;) or حَصَلَ [meaning it came, came to pass, happened, took place, betided, befell, or occurred; it resulted; it ensued; &c.]; and it is used in relation to ideal, as well as real, substantives; so that إِذَا جَآءَ نَصْرُ اللّٰهِ [When the assistance of God shall come (in the Kur ex. 1)] is [not a figurative but] a proper phrase. (Er-Rághib, TA.) Sb mentions, on the authority of certain of the Arabs, هُوَ يَجِيكَ [for هو يَجِيْؤُكَ He comes, or will come, to thee], with the hemzeh suppressed: (TA:) and he also mentions يَجُوْءُ as a dial. var. of يَجِىْءُ. (Id. in art. جوأ, q. v.) [As shown above,] جَآءَ is used intransitively and transitively. (Msb, MF.) say, جَآءَ زَيْدٌ Zeyd came; or was, or became, present. (Msb.) and جِئْتُ مَجِيْئًا حَسَنًا [I came with a good coming; or in a good manner]. (S.) And جِئْتُ زَيْدًا I came to Zeyd. (Msb.) And sometimes one says, جِئْتُ إِلَيْهِ meaning I went [as well as I came] to him, or it. (Msb.) And جِئْتُ مِنَ البَلَدِ [I came from the town, or country]: and مِنَ القَوْمِ, meaning مِنْ عِنْدِ القَوْمِ [from the presence of the people, or company of men]. (Msb.) And جَآءَ الغَيْثُ The rain [came, or] descended. (Msb.) And جَآءَ أَمْرُ السُّلْطَانِ The order, or command, of the Sultán came, or arrived. (Msb.) And جِئْتُ بِهِ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ أَجَأْتُهُ, both signifying the same, (S, K,) [I came with him, or it;] I brought him, or it, with me. (Msb.) And الحَمْدُ للّٰهِ الَّذِى

جَآءَ بِكَ [Praise be to God who brought thee]; and الحَمْدُ للّٰهِ إِذْ جِئْتَ [Praise be to God because, or that, thou camest, or hast come]; but not الحَمْدُ للّٰهِ الَّذِى جِئْتَ: (S, TA:) and [in like manner] you say, الحَمْدُ للّٰهِ إِذْ كَانَ كَذَا; but not الحَمْدُ للّٰهِ الَّذِى كَانَ كَذَا unless you say بِهِ or مِنْهُ or عَنْهُ [after الذى]. (ISk, TA.) [Hence, جَآءَ بِوَلَدٍ He begot a child, or children; like أَتَى

بِوَلَدٍ. And جَآءتْ بِهِ She brought him forth; gave birth to him; like أَتَتْ بِهِ. And جَآءَ بِمَعْنًى It (a word) conveyed, or imported, a meaning.] b2: [جَآءَ بِشَىْءٍ also signifies He brought to pass, did, executed, performed, or effected, a thing: and he said, gave utterance to, or uttered, a thing: like

أَتَى بِهِ in both these senses.] And جَآءَ كَذَا He did thus, or such a thing. (TA.) Hence, [in the Kur xix. 28,] لَقَدْ جِئْتِ شَيْئًا فَرِيًّا (TA) [Verily, O Mary, thou hast done] a thing hitherto unknown; a thing deemed strange. (Bd. [See another ex. voce إِمْرٌ, likewise from the Kur.]) And جِئْتُ شَيْئًا حَسَنًا I did a good thing. (Msb.) And جَآءَ بِالبَدِيعِ He produced a new saying, or new poetry, not after the similitude of anything preceding. (TA in art. بدع.) And جَآءَ جَرْيًا بَعْدَ جَرْىٍ (K in art. تأم) or [more commonly] جاء بِجَرْىٍ بَعْدَ جَرْىٍ (M in that art.) [He (a horse) performed, or fetched, run after run]. b3: جَآء is also syn. with صَارَ, like أَتَى; as in the saying, جَآءَ البِنَآءُ مُحْكَمًا The building became, or came to be, firm, strong, or compact. (Kull p. 11.) [And hence the phrase,] مَا جَآءَتْ حَاجَتَكَ, (M, K,) thus in all the copies of the K, with the noun in the accus. case; i. e. What became, or has become, thy want? syn. مَا صَارَتْ; (M, K;) or What was thy want? syn. مَا كَانَتْ: (Er-Radee, TA:) ما being here an interrogative, and the [implied] pronoun [in the verb] being made fem. because its predicate is fem.: but some say حَاجَتُكَ, in the nom. case, [as it is in the CK, meaning What did, or has, thy want become?] regarding حاجتك as the subject of جاءت, and ما as the predicate of this verb. (TA.) b4: See also 3.3 مُجَايَأَةٌ [inf. n. of جَايَأَ] signifies The act of facing, or fronting; being opposite, or over against: (IAar, K:) and the act of coinciding; as also جِيَآءٌ. (Az, K.) You say of a man, جَايَأَنِى مِنْ قُرْبٍ He faced me, fronted me, was opposite to me, or was over against me, at a short distance. (TA.) And مَرَّ بِى مُجَايَأَةً He passed by me being in front, or opposite. (TA.) and جَايَأْتُ فُلَانًا I coincided with such a one in his coming. (TA.) And لَوْ جَاوَزْتَ هٰذَا المَكَانَ لَجَايَأْتَ الغَيْثَ Hadst thou passed beyond this place, thou hadst met with rain, or coincided with rain in its coming. (TA.) b2: ↓ جَاآنِى فَجِئْتُهُ, [so in copies of the S, and in copies of the K, as from the S, but in the TA, as from the S, جَآءَأَنِى, and said to be with two hemzehs, though this is evidently wrong,] aor. ـِ the former verb of the measure فَاعَلَنِى, (S,) is [said to be] a mistake for جَايَأَنِى فجئته, since the former verb has an infirm letter [ى] for its medial radical and ء for its final, not the reverse, (Sgh, K,) [therefore] what J says is not allowable unless it be an instance of transposition; (IB, TA;) but what is given by F [and Sgh as the correct form] is that which is accord. to rule, and what J says is that which has been heard from the Arabs, as ISd has pointed out; (TA;) [and rule is not to be regarded when it is contr. to classical usage;] the meaning is, He vied with me, or strove to surpass me, in frequency of coming, and I surpassed him therein. (S, K.) 4 أَجَاءَهُ He made him, or it, to come. (Kull p. 11.) b2: [Hence,] أَجَأْتُهُ i. q. جِئْتُ بِهِ: see 1. (S, K.) b3: أَجَأْتُهُ إِلَيْهِ I compelled him, constrained him, or necessitated him, to have recourse, or betake himself, to it; (Fr, S, K;) or made him to want it, or be in need of it: (S:) in the dial. of Temeem, أَشَأْتُهُ. (TA in art. شيأ.) It is said in a prov., شَرٌّ مَا يُجِيْؤُكَ إِلَى مُخَّةِ عُرْقُوبٍ [It is an evil thing that compels thee to have recourse to the marrow of a hock]; for, as As says, the عرقوب contains no marrow, and only he who cannot obtain any [other] thing is made to want it. (S.) And it is said in the Kur xix. 23, فَأَجَآءَهَا المَخَاضُ إِلَى جِذْعِ النَّخْلَةِ And the motion of the child in her womb compelled her to betake herself to the trunk of the palm-tree. (Bd.) جِيْئَةٌ [A coming;] a subst. from جَآءَ, (S, K,) of the measure فِعْلَةٌ, with kesr to the ج. (S.) جَئِئٌ and جَأّءٌ: see what next follows.

جَيَّآءٌ, (K,) mentioned by Sb as an extr. word, (TA,) [but regularly formed, of the measure فَعَّالٌ,] and ↓ جَأّءٌ, also written جَأَّاءٌ, (K,) with the ى changed into hemzeh, (TA,) and ↓ جَئِئٌ, (K,) [originally جَيِئٌ, of the measure فَعِلٌ, denoting intensiveness, in the CK written جَايِئٌ,] mentioned by IJ as anomalous, A frequent comer. (TA.) One says, إِنَّهُ لَجَيَّآءٌ بِخَيْرٍ Verily he is a frequent bringer of good. (TA.) جَآءٍ, originally جَايِئٌ, then جَائِئٌ, then جَائِىٌ, and then جَآءٍ, Coming; act. part. n. of 1.]

جبر

1 جَبَرَ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. جَبْرٌ (S, A, Msb, K, &c.) and جُبُورٌ, (M, K,) which latter, accord. to MF, is an inf. n. of the intrans. verb only, but it has been heard as an inf. n. of the trans. verb also, (TA,) and جِبَارَةٌ, (Lh, K,) He set a bone; reduced it from a fractured state; (S, A, Msb, K, &c.;) as also ↓ جبّر, (A, IAmb, K,) inf. n. تَجْبِيرٌ; (TA;) and ↓ اجبر, (Ibn-Talhah, MF, TA,) but this is extremely strange, and not found in the lexicons of celebrity, (MF,) and not heard by AO; (TA;) [and ↓ اجتبر.] One says also, يَدَهُ ↓ جبّر, (A, IAmb,) or جَبَرَهَا, (Msb,) He (a bone-setter) set his arm, or reduced it from a fractured state: (A:) or put upon it the جَبِيرَة [or splints]. (Msb.) b2: Hence, (TA,) جَبَرَ, (AAF, M, K, &c.,) inf. n. جَبْرٌ (S, A, K) and جُبُورٌ [but respecting this latter see above] and جِبَارَةٌ; (K;) and ↓ جبّر, (K,) inf. n. تَجْبِيرٌ; (TA;) and ↓ اجبر; (Ibn-Talhah, MF, TA; [but respecting this form see above;]) and ↓ اجتبر; (K;) (tropical:) He restored a man from a state of poverty to wealth, or competence, or sufficiency: (AAF, S, A, K, &c.:) or he benefited a poor man; conferred a benefit, or benefits, upon him: (M, K:) but the former is the more appropriate explanation: (AAF, TA:) and this signification is tropical; (IDrst, MF, TA;) the poor man being likened to one who has a broken bone, and his restoration to wealth, or competence, being likened to the setting of the bone; wherefore he is called فَقِيرٌ, as though the vertebræ of his back were broken: (IDrst, TA:) in the A it is mentioned as proper, not tropical; but the author of the A afterwards mentions جَبَرْتُ فُلَانًا as tropical in the sense of نَعَشْتُهُ (tropical:) [I recovered such a one from his embarrassment, &c.; repaired his broken fortune, or his condition]. (TA.) One says also, جَبَرْتُ فَاقَةَ الرَّجُلِ (tropical:) [I repaired the broken fortune of the man;] I restored the man to wealth, or competence, or sufficiency. (A Heyth, TA.) And جَبَرْتُ اليَتِيمَ (assumed tropical:) [I put the affairs of the orphan into a right, or good, state: or] I gave to the orphan. (Msb.) And جَبَرَ (tropical:) He restored anything to a sound, right, or good, state. (IDrst, TA.) And جَبَرَهُ اللّٰهُ (assumed tropical:) [May God render him sound, and strong]: said in relation to a child. (S and K in art. زرع.) And جَبَرْتُ نِصَابَ الزَّكَاةِ بِكَذَا (assumed tropical:) I made the amount of the property equal to that which renders it incumbent on the possessor to pay the poor-rate, by [adding] such a thing: the name of that thing is جبران [app. ↓ جُبْرَانٌ]: and the person who does this is termed ↓ جَابِرٌ. (Msb.) A2: جَبَرَ also signifies He compelled, or constrained, another. (B.) You say, جَبَرَهُ عَلَى الأَمْرِ, (Lh, Az, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. جَبْرٌ and جُبُورٌ, (Msb,) a chaste form of the verb, of the dial. of El-Hijáz, (Az, TA,) or of the Benoo-Temeem and of many of the people of El-Hijáz, (Msb,) or of Temeem alone; (Lh, TA;) [but said in the Mgh to be of weak authority;] and ↓ اجبرهُ; (Th, S, Msb, K, &c.;) both these forms of the verb mentioned by Az, Fr, A 'Obeyd, and others, (Msb,) but the latter is the form used by the generality of the Arabs, (Lh, TA,) and by the grammarians [in general]; (TA;) He compelled him, against his will, to do the thing: (Lh, Th, Az, S, Msb, K:) ↓ إِجْبَارٌ originally signifying the inciting, urging, or inducing, another to restore a thing to a sound, right, or good, state. (B.) And عَلَى الحُكْمِ ↓ اجبرهُ He (a judge) compelled him to submit to, or to perform, the sentence. (L.) A3: Also جَبَرَ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. جُبُورٌ (S, Msb, K) and جَبْرٌ, (Msb, K,) which latter, accord. to MF [and the Mgh], is an inf. n. of the trans. verb only, but it has been heard as an inf. n. of the intrans. verb also; (TA;) and ↓ انجبر, (T, S, K,) and ↓ اجتبر, (T, S,) and ↓ تجبّر; (K;) It (a bone) became set, or reduced from a fractured state. (T, S, Msb, K.) b2: And [hence,] the first of these verbs, with the same inf. ns.; (K;) and ↓ اجتبر, (S, * K,) and ↓ انجبر, and ↓ تجبّر, and ↓ استجبر; (K;) (tropical:) He (a poor man, K, and an orphan, TA) became restored from a state of poverty to wealth, or competence, or sufficiency: (S, * K:) or received a benefit, or benefits: (K:) ↓ اجتبر is syn. with انتعش (tropical:) [he recovered, or became recovered, from his embarrassment, &c.]. (A.) [And (assumed tropical:) It (anything) became restored to a sound, right, or good, state.] El-' Ajjáj has used جَبَرَ transitively and intransitively in the same sentence, saying, قَدْ جَبَرَ الدِّينَ الإِلَاهُ فَجَبَرْ [(assumed tropical:) God hath restored the religion to a sound, right, or good, state, and it hath become restored thereto]: (S:) or, accord. to some, the second verb is corroborative of the first; the meaning being, God hath desired, or purposed, to restore the religion, &c., and hath completed its restoration. (B.) 2 جَبَّرَ see 1, in three places.4 أَجْبَرَ see 1, in five places.

A2: اجبرهُ also signifies He imputed to him [the tenet of] الجَبْر; (S, * L, K; *) he called him a جَبَرِىّ: (L:) like as اكفرهُ signifies “ he imputed to him infidelity. ” (S.) 5 تجبّر: see 1, latter part, in two places. Also (tropical:) What had gone from him (a man) returned to him: (K:) or some of his property that had gone from him returned to him. (T, TA.) (assumed tropical:) He (a sick man) became in a good state. (K.) (assumed tropical:) It (a plant, TA, and a tree, K) became green, and put forth leaves (K, TA) and fresh green twigs, when dry: produced fresh shoots in its dry parts: (TA:) it (herbage) became somewhat restored to a good state after having been eaten: (K, * TA:) or grew after having been eaten. (S.) b2: He (a man, S) magnified himself; behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolently. (S, A, K.) A2: (assumed tropical:) He (a man) obtained wealth, or property: (K:) but Lh explains it as meaning, intransitively, he obtained wealth, or property. (TA.) 7 إِنْجَبَرَ see 1, latter part, in two places.8 إِجْتَبَرَ see 1, in five places. You say also, أَصَابَتْهُ مُصِيبَةٌ لَا يَجْتَبِرُهَا [(assumed tropical:) A calamity befell him from which he will not recover]; i. e. مِنْهَا ↓ لَا مَجْبَرَ [(assumed tropical:) there is no recovering from it]. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَجْبَرَ see 1, latter part.

A2: استجبرهُ (tropical:) He exerted himself much, or exceedingly, or to the utmost, in paying frequent attention to him, taking care of him, or putting his affairs into a right, or proper, state. (A.) جَبْرٌ, in computation, (assumed tropical:) The addition of something for the purpose of reparation. (TA.) [Hence, الجَبْرُ (assumed tropical:) Algebra; more commonly called الجَبْرُ وَالمُقَابَلَةُ perfective addition and compensative subtraction; or restoration and compensation; because of the frequency of these operations in the reduction of equations.]

A2: The contr. of قَدَرٌ: (S, Msb, K:) it is the assertion that God compels his servants, or mankind, to commit acts of disobedience; (Msb;) the virtual denial that actions proceed from man, and attributing them to God; the sect that hold the tenet thus termed asserting that man, with respect to his actions, is like the feather suspended in the air; whereas قَدَرٌ signifies the “ virtual attributing of optional, or voluntary, actions to man; asserting that man creates his own optional, or voluntary, actions: ” (IbrD:) A 'Obeyd says that it is a post-classical term. (S.) A3: A king; (AA, T, M, K;) of uncertain derivation: (M:) and a slave, or servant: (A 'Obeyd, Kr, K, &c.:) thus bearing two contr. significations: (K:) and a man: (AA, A 'Obeyd, K, &c.:) [see جَبْرَئِيلُ:] and a young man: and [a] courageous [man]. (K.) A4: [Also, app., Aloes-wood: الجَبْرُ is explained in the K as signifying العُودُ, which means wood in general, as well as aloes-wood in particular; and to this is added in the TA, الذى يُجْبَرُ بِهِ, as though the meaning were the wood with which one sets bones; but I think that يُجْبَرُ is a mistranscription for يُجَمَّرُ; and that the meaning is aloes-wood with which one fumigates.]

جَبَرِىٌّ or جَبْرِىٌّ: see جَبَرِيَّةٌ.

جَبَرُوَّةٌ and جَبْرُوَّةٌ and جَبَرُوتٌ &c.: see what next follows.

جَبَرِيَّةٌ (S, K) and جَبْرِيَّةٌ and جِبْرِيَّةٌ and جِبِرِيَّةٌ and ↓ جِبْرِيَآءُ (K) and ↓ جَبَرِيَّآءُ (Aboo-Nasr, TA) and ↓ جَبَرُوَّةٌ (S, K) and ↓ جَبْرُوَّةٌ (K) and ↓ جَبَرُوتٌ (S, Msb, K, one of the forms most known, of the measure فَعَلُوتٌ, like مَلَكُوتٌ and رَهَبُوتٌ and رَغَبُوتٌ and رَحَمُوتٌ, said to be the only other words of this measure, though, as MF says, this requires consideration, TA) and ↓ جُبْرُوتٌ (K) and ↓ جَبْرَؤُوتٌ (Et-Tedmuree, TA) and ↓ جَبَرُوتَى (K, like رَحَمُوتَى, [&c.], TA) and ↓ جَبُّورَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ جَبُّورٌ (Lh, Kr) and ↓ جُبُّورٌ (Lh, TA) and ↓ جُبُورَةٌ and ↓ تَجْبَارٌ, (K,) all inf. ns., (TA,) [or simple substs.,] meaning The quality denoted by the epithet جَبَّارٌ; (K;) i. e. self-magnification, pride, haughtiness, or insolence; or proud, haughty, or insolent, behaviour; (S, Msb, K;) &c. (K, TA.) Hence, مَا كَانَتْ نُبُوَّةٌ إِلَّا تَنَاسَخَهَا مُلْكٌ جَبَرِيَّةً [There has been no prophetic office but a kingly office has succeeded in its place through some one's selfmagnification, pride, haughtiness, or insolence]; i. e., but kings have magnified themselves, or behaved proudly or haughtily or insolently, after it. (A, TA.) A2: الجَبَرِيَّةُ (S, K) and الجَبْرِيَّةُ, (Th, Msb,) or the latter is a mispronunciation, or is the correct form, (K,) and the former is so pronounced in order to assimilate it to القَدَرِيَّةُ; (Msb, K; *) the latter is the pronunciation of the scholastic theologians of the persuasion of EshSháfi'ee (El-Háfidh in the “ Tabseer,” B) in old times, but the term used in the conventional language of the modern scholastic theologians is ↓ المُجْبَرَةُ; (B;) and الجبريّة, also, is a postclassical term; (TA;) The contr. of القَدَرِيَّةُ; (S, K;) the sect who hold the tenet termed جَبْرٌ [q. v.]; (Msb;) a sect of those who follow their own natural desires, whose founder was El-Hoseyn Ibn-Mohammad En-Nejjár El-Basree, who assert that man has no power; that [what are termed] voluntary motions are of the same predicament as a tremour; though this does not oblige them to deny the imposition of duties; (Lb, TA;) a sect who assert that God compels his servants, or mankind, to commit sins: (AHeyth, TA:) n. un. ↓ جَبَرِىٌّ or جَبْرِىٌّ. (Msb.) جَبْرَالُ and جِبْرَالُ: see جَبْرَئِيلُ.

جُبْرَانٌ: see 1.

جِبْرِيلُ and جَبْرِيلُ &c: see جَبْرَئِيلُ.

جِبْرِينُ and جَبْرِينُ: see جَبْرَئِيلُ.

جِبْرِيَآءُ and جَبَرِيَّآءُ: see جَبَرِيَّةٌ.

جَبْرَئِيلُ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) imperfectly decl., because having the quality of a proper name and that of a foreign word, or being a compound regarded as forming a single word, as some say, (TA,) originally Syriac, or Hebrew, [?,] (Esh-Shiháb [El-Khafájee],) A proper name of an angel; (TA;) [Gabriel: and also, of a man:] signifying the servant of God: (A 'Obeyd, S, Msb, K, TA:) or (rather, TA) the man of God: (A 'Obeyd, TA:) being said to be composed of جَبْرٌ, (S, Msb, TA,) signifying “ servant,” or “ slave,” (Msb, TA,) or rather “ man,” (TA,) and إِيلٌ, (S, Msb, TA,) signifying “ God: ” (Msb, TA:) or both together signify the servant of the Compassionate: or the servant of the Mighty, or Glorious: (TA:) this form of the word is of the dialects of Keys and Temeem: (TA:) and there are other dial. vars.; namely, ↓ جَبْرَيِيلُ, without ء , and ↓ جَبْرَائِيلُ , (S, K,) and ↓ جَبْرَايِيلُ , and ↓ جَبْرَئِلُ , and ↓ جَبْرَائِيلُ , (K,) and ↓ جَبْرَايِيلُ , (Es-Suyootee, TA,) and ↓ جَبْرَائِلُ , (K,) and ↓ جَبْرَايِلُ , (Es-Suyootee, TA,) and ↓ جِبْرِيلُ, (S, Msb, K, which is the form most known and most chaste, and is of the dial. of El-Hijáz, TA,) and ↓ جَبْرِيلُ, (Msb, K, reckoned of weak authority by Fr, because the measure فَعِّيل [or فَعْلِيل] does not exist in the language, for as to سَمْوِيل, mentioned by Esh-Shiháb as against the objection of Fr, it is of the measure فَعْوِيل, MF, TA,) and ↓ جَبْرَيْلُ, and ↓ جَبْرَالُ, and ↓ جِبْرَالُ, (K,) and ↓ جِبْرِينُ, and ↓ جَبْرِينُ, (S, K,) and ↓ جَبْرَائِينُ. (Es-Suyootee, MF.) جَبْرَيِيلُ: see جَبْرَئِيلُ.

جَبْرَائِلُ and جَبْرَايِلُ: see جَبْرَئِيلُ.

جَبْرَائِيلُ and جَبْرَايِيلُ: see جَبْرَئِيلُ.

جَبْرَائِينَ: see جَبْرَئِيلُ.

جُبَارٌ A thing of which no account, or for which no revenge or retaliation or mulct, is taken. (S, A, Msb, K, TA.) You say, ذَهَبَ دَمَهُ جُبَارًا His blood went unrevenged, unretaliated, or unexpiated by a mulct. (S, A.) And جُرْحٌ جُبَارٌ A wound for which is no retaliation, nor any expiatory mulct. (A, TA.) And حَرْبٌ جُبَارٌ A war in which is no retaliation, (K, TA,) nor any expiatory mulct. (TA.) And المَعْدِنُ جُبَارٌ [The mine is a thing for which no mulct is exacted]: i. e., if the mine fall in upon him who is working in it, and he perish, his hirer is not to be punished for it. (S and Msb from a trad.) And البِئْرُ جُبَارٌ [The well is a thing for which no mulct is exacted]: i. e., if a man fall into an ancient well, and perish, his blood is not to be expiated by a mulct: (TA:) or, as some say, it relates to a hired man's descending into a well to cleanse it, or to take forth something from it, if he fall into it and die. (TA in art. بأر.) And جُرحُ العَجُمَآءِ جُبَارٌ The wound of the speechless beast, if it get loose and wound a man or other thing while loose, is a thing for which no retaliation or expiatory mulct is exacted. (T, A, * Msb. *) b2: Clear, or quit, of a thing: so in the saying, أَنَا مِنْهُ خَلَاوَةٌ وُجُبَارٌ [I am clear, or quit, of it]. (K. [See also فَالِجٌ.]) A2: A torrent. (K.) b2: Anything that corrupts, or mars, and destroys; (so accord. to some copies of the K, and the TA;) as the torrent, &c.: (TA:) or anything that is corrupted, or marred, and destroyed. (So accord. to other copies of the K.) A3: Tuesday; (S, K;) an ancient name thereof, (S,) used in the Time of Ignorance; (TA;) as also ↓ جِبَارٌ. (K.) جِبَارٌ: see what next precedes.

جِبَارَةٌ and ↓ جَبِيرَةٌ Splints; pieces of wood with which bones are set, or reduced from a fractured state: (S, K:) or bones which are put upon a diseased part of the person, to reduce it to a sound state: pl. جَبَائِرُ. (Msb.) b2: Also, both words, A wide bracelet; syn. يَارَقٌ: (S, K:) a bracelet (سِوَار) of gold or silver: pl. جَبَائِرَةٌ [or جَبَائِرُ, as above?]. (A 'Obeyd, TA.) جُبُورَةٌ: see جَبَرِيَّةٌ.

جَبِيرَةٌ: see جِبَارَةٌ.

جَبَّارٌ One who magnifies himself, or behaves proudly or haughtily or insolently, and does not hold any one to have any claim upon him, or to deserve anything of him: (K:) one who slays when in anger: (S, A:) one who slays unjustly: (K:) imperious, or domineering, by absolute force and power; overbearing; tyrannical; a tyrant: (TA:) any one who exalts himself, or is insolent and audacious, in pride and in acts of rebellion or disobedience; who is bold, or audacious, and immoderate, inordinate, or exorbitant; or excessively, immoderately, or inordinately, proud, or corrupt, or unbelieving, or disobedient, or rebel-lious; or who exalts himself and is inordinate in infidelity; or who is extravagant in acts of disobedience and in wrongdoing; or who is refractory, or averse from obedience; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ جِبِّيرٌ: (K:) or this latter signifies one who magnifies himself much, or behaves very proudly or haughtily or insolently: (S:) and the former, one who proudly, haughtily, or insolently, disdains the service of God: (Lh, TA:) fem. with ة: pl. masc. جَبَّارُونَ and جَبَابِرَةٌ. (A, TA.) b2: الجَبَّارٌ [A name of] God; so called because of his magnifying Himself [above every other being], (K,) and his highness: (TA:) meaning the Compeller of his creatures to do whatsoever He willeth: (Bd and Jel in lix. 23:) or the Compeller of his creatures to obey the commands and prohibitions which He pleaseth to impose upon them: (Msb, TA:) accord. to Fr, from أَجْبَرَ, and the only instance known to him of an epithet of the measure فَعَّالٌ from a verb of the measure أَفْعَلَ except دَرَّاكٌ [q. v.] from أَدْرَكَ: (Az, TA:) or, accord. to Fr, from جَبَرَ as syn. with أَجْبَرَ: (Msb:) it is also explained as meaning the Supreme; the High above his creatures: (Az, TA:) or the Unattainable; and hence applied to the palm-tree [of which the branches cannot be reached by the hand]: (IAmb, TA:) or it may signify (tropical:) the Restorer of the poor to wealth or competence or sufficiency. (Az, TA.) [God is also called] جَبَّارُ القُلُوبِ عَلَى فِطَرَاتِهَا (assumed tropical:) The Establisher of hearts according to their natural constitutions which He hath given them in the mothers' wombs, disposing them to know Him and to confess Him, both the unfortunate of them and the fortunate. (TA from a trad. of 'Alee.) b3: Also (tropical:) A name of الجَوْزَآءُ [the constel-lation Orion]; (A, K;) because it is [represented] in the form of a crowned king upon a throne. (A.) b4: ذِرَاعُ الجَبَّارِ (assumed tropical:) The cubit of the king: (A, TA:) or the long cubit: or, as KT thinks, by الجبّار is here meant a certain foreign king whose fore arm was of full length. (TA.) b5: قَلْبٌ جَبَّارٌ (tropical:) A heart that receives not admonition: (A:) or that admits not compassion. (K.) b6: جَبَّارٌ, (Seer, K,) without ة, (Seer, TA,) applied to a palm-tree (نَخْلَةٌ), signifies (tropical:) Tall and young; (Seer, K, TA;) as also ↓ جُبَّارٌ: (K:) or is applied to palmtrees collectively (نَخْلٌ), and signifies tall, and above the reach of the hand; (T, S;) and the epithet applied to a single palm-tree is with ة; (S, A;) in this sense; meaning less than سَحُوقٌ: (A:) or, with ة, it signifies a young palm-tree, that has attained its utmost height and has borne fruit: (M:) or that has been ascended [for the purpose of cutting off its fruit], and retains its excellence, surpassing therein other palm-trees. (AHn, TA.) b7: Also, hence, as Az thinks, (TA,) (tropical:) Huge, tall, and strong; a giant. (T, A, * K.) b8: And, with ة, (S, A,) and also without ة, (A,) applied to a she-camel, (tropical:) Great (S, A) and fat. (S.) جُبَّارٌ: see جَبَّارٌ.

جَبُّورٌ and جُبُّورٌ: see جَبَرِيَّةٌ.

جِبِّيرٌ: see جَبَّارٌ.

جَبُّورَةٌ: see جَبَرِيَّةٌ.

جَابِرٌ, (S,) and جَابِرُ بْنُ حَبَّةَ, (S, A, K,) names of (tropical:) Bread; (S, A, K;) and أَبُو جَابِرٍ is a surname thereof; (S, K;) and so أُمُّ جَابِرٍ: which last also signifies the ear of corn: (T in art. ام:) and i. q. الهَرِيسَةُ [grain, or wheat, bruised, or brayed, and then cooked]. (Har p. 227.) b2: فُلَانٌ جَابِرٌ لِى i. q. ↓ مُسْتَجْبِرٌ (tropical:) [Such a one exerts himself much, or exceedingly, or to the utmost, in paying frequent attention to me, taking care of me, or putting my affairs into a right, or proper, state]. (A.) b3: See also 1.

تَجْبَارٌ: see جَبَرِيَّةٌ.

مَجْبَرٌ [an inf. n. of 1]: see 8.

المُجْبَرَةُ: see جَبَرِيَّةٌ.

مُجَبِّرٌ One who sets bones, or reduces them from a fractured state; a bone-setter. (S, A, K.) مَجْبُورَةٌ A woman possessed by a jinnee, or genie; syn. مَجْنُونَةٌ; but this is held to be of weak authority. (Mgh.) المُتَجَبِّرُ The lion. (K.) مُسْتَجْبِرٌ: see جَابِرٌ.

جوز

1 جَازَ المَوْضِعَ, (S, K,) or المَكَانَ, (A, Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. جَوَازٌ (S, Msb, K) and جَوْزٌ and جُؤُوزٌ and مَجَازٌ, (K,) He went, or passed, in, or along, the place, and left it behind; (Mgh, K;) [whether this be meant for one signification or two, does not appear; but in either case it is evident that one signification is he passed through, or over, or along, and beyond, the place; and this signification is of frequent occurrence;] as also جاز بِهِ; (K;) and ↓ اجازهُ; (Mgh;) and ↓ جاوزهُ, (Mgh, K,) inf. n. جِوَازٌ; (K, TA; in the CK جَوَازٌ;) and ↓ تجاوزهُ; (Mgh;) lit., he traversed, or crossed, its جَوْز, i. e., middle, and passed through it: (Mgh:) or he went, or passed, in, or along, the place; (As, S, A, Msb, TA;) as also جاز بِهِ, and ↓ جاوزهُ, (TA,) and ↓ اجازهُ, (A,) and ↓ اجتازهُ: (S: [so it appears from its being said that اِجْتِيَازٌ is syn. with سُلُوكٌ:]) and in like manner, الطَّرِيَقَ the road: (TA:) الموضعَ ↓ جاوز and جازهُ signify the same: (TA:) or ↓ اجازهُ (As, S, Msb, K) and ↓ جاوزهُ and ↓ تجاوزهُ (A) signify he left it behind him, (As, S, A, K,) and traversed, or crossed, it; (As, S, A, Msb;) and ↓ جاوزهُ and بِهِ ↓ جاوز also signify he left it behind. (TA.) You say, جُزْتُ خِلَالَ الدِّيَارِ, which is like جُسْتُ [I passed amid, or among, the houses: (see the remarks on the letter ز:) or I went to and fro amid, or among, the houses, in a hostile attack upon them: or went round about them]. (Ibn-Umm-Kásim, TA.) and جُزْتُ بِكَذَا, i. e., بِهِ ↓ اِجْتَزْتُ [I passed by, and beyond, such a thing]. (TA.) And جاز عَلَيْهِ He passed by him, or it; syn. مَرَّ بِهِ, and اِمْتَرَّ بِهِ and عَلَيْهِ. (M and K in art. مر.) And جَازَهُ He passed, or crossed, over it. (L.) جاز and ↓ اجاز are syn. [in this last sense]. (TA.) You say, الصِّرَاطِ ↓ أَعَانَكَ اللّٰهُ عَلَى إِجَازَةِ (A, TA) May God aid thee [to pass, or cross, over, or] to pass along, and to leave behind thee, the Sirát. (TA.) and it is said in a trad. respecting the Sirát, فَأَكُونُ أَنَا عَلَيْهِ ↓ وَأُمَّتِى أَوَّلَ مَنْ يُجِيزُ [And I, with my people, shall be the first who will pass over it]: يجيز being here syn. with يَجُوزُ. (TA.) b2: جُزْتُ الشَّىْءَ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ: see 3. b3: ↓ جاز الدِّرْهَمُ فَتَجَوَّزَهُ [The piece of money passed, or was current, and he accepted it as current: in the TA written جاز الدرهم كتجوزه, and without any syll. signs; but that the reading which I have adopted is right appears from what immediately follows:] a poet says, وَزُيَّفُ [Pieces of money whereof there are current and bad]: and Lh mentions the saying, لَمْ أَرَ النَّفَقَةَ تَجُوزُ بِمَكَانٍ كَمَا تَجُوزُ بِمَكَّةَ [I have not seen money for expenses pass away in a place as it passes away in Mekkeh]: ISd says, He has not explained it, but I think that the meaning is تَنْفُقُ. (TA.) b4: جاز الشَّىْءُ, inf. n. جَوَازٌ, The thing was, or became, allowable; it passed for lawful: as though it kept the middle (جَوْز) of the road. (TA.) You say, جَازَ البَيْعُ, and النِّكَاحُ, (A, Mgh,) and العَقْدُ وَغَيْرُهُ, (Msb,) [The sale, and the marriage, and the contract, or other thing, was, or became, allowable; or] passed as right, sound, valid, or good [in law:] (Msb:) or had effect. (Mgh.) [And جاز لَهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا It was allowable to him to do so. And يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَذَا It may be so; or such a thing may be.]

A2: جَازَهُ in the sense of اجازهُ: see 4, second sentence, in two places.2 جَوَّزَ see 4, in nine places.3 جاوزهُ and جاوز بِهِ, inf. n. جِوَازٌ: see 1, in six places. b2: جاوز الحَدَّ, and القَدْرَ, inf. n. مُجَاوَزَةٌ; and so ↓ تجاوز, alone; He exceeded, or transgressed, the proper bound, or limit, or measure; acted extravagantly, exorbitantly, or immoderately: he, or it, was, or became, excessive, extravagant, exorbitant, or immoderate. (The Lexicons &c. passim.) b3: جَاوَزْتُ الشَّىْءِ أِلَى غَيْرِهِ (S, Msb *) I passed from the thing [to another thing]; (Msb;) as also ↓ تَجَاوَزْتُهُ; (S, Msb;) i. q. ↓ جُزْتُهُ. (S.) b4: جاوز عَنْ ذَنْبِهِ: see 6. b5: [Hence, app.,] كَانَ مِنْ خُلُقِى الجِوَازُ It was of my disposition to be easy, or facile, in selling and demanding. (TA from a trad.) A2: جاوز بِهِ: see 4, in two places.4 اجاز and اجازهُ: see 1, in six places.

A2: اجازهُ He made him to go, or pass along; as also ↓ جَازَهُ: (TA:) he made him to pass through, or over, or along and beyond: (S, IF, Msb, K;) as also [بِهِ ↓ جاوز, as will be shown by an ex. below, and ↓ جوّزهُ, and ] ↓ جَازَهُ, for which we find جاوزهُ incorrectly substituted in the K. (TA.) A rájiz says,

خَلُّوا الطَّرِيقَ عَنْ أَبِى سَيَّارَهْ حَتَّى يُجِيزَ سَالِمًا حِمَارَهْ [Leave ye the road to Aboo-Seiyárah until he make his ass to pass through, or over, safely]. (S.) And it is said in the Kur [vii. 134, and x. 90], بِبَنِى إِسْرَائِيلَ البَحْرَ ↓ وَجَاوَزْنَا [And we made the Children of Israel to pass through the sea]. (TA.) You say also لَهُمْ إِبِلَهُمْ ↓ جَوَّزَ, inf. n. تَجْوِيزٌ, He led for them their camels one by one until they passed. (K.) b2: [He made it to pass, or be current; as also ↓ جوّزهُ: as in the following phrases.] أَجَزْتُ عَلَى اسْمِهِ i. q. جَعَلْتُهُ جَائِزًا [I made his name to pass, or be current, by stamping money with it]: (ISk, S, TA:) and ضَرَبْتُ [I coined, or minted, money in his name]. (ISd, TA.) And الضَّرَّابُ الدَّرَاهِمَ ↓ جوّز, inf. n. تَجْوِيزٌ, [The coiner, or minter,] made the dirhems, or pieces of money, to pass, or be current. (Mgh.) b3: He made it, or held it, to be allowable, or to pass for lawful; he allowed it, or permitted it; (S, K, TA;) as also ↓ جوّزهُ: (S, TA:) syn. سَوَّغَ: (S, K:) and syn. of إِجَازَةٌ, [the inf. n. of the former verb,] إِذْنٌ. (K, TA: omitted in the CK.) You say, اجاز لَهُ مَا صَنَعَ, (S, K, *) and له ↓ جوّز, (S,) He made, or held, what he did to be allowable, &c. (S, K.) And العَقْلُ ↓ هٰذَا مِمَّا لَا يُجُوِّزُهُ [This is of the things which reason will not allow]. (A, TA.) b4: [He granted him the authority or degree of a licentiate in some one or more of the various departments of learning, for the instruction of others therein;] he granted him a license with respect to the matters that he had related and heard [from other learned men, to teach the same]. (TA.) You say also, اجاز لِفُلَانٍ جَمِيعَ مَسْمُوعَاتِهِ مِنْ مَشَائِخِهِ [He ters which he had heard from his sheykhs, to teach the same to others]. (TA.) The licentiate is termed ↓ مُجَازٌ: and the matters which he relates are termed ↓ مُجَازَاتٌ. (TA.) b5: اجاز البَيْعَ, (A, Mgh, K,) and النِّكَاحَ, (A, Mgh,) and العَقْدَ, (Msb,) He (the judge, A, Mgh) made the sale, (A, Mgh, K,) and the marriage, (A, Mgh,) and the contract, (Msb,) to have effect; he executed or performed it; (Mgh, Msb K;) لَهُ for him: (K:) he decreed it. (Mgh.) And [in like manner] اجاز رَأْيَهُ, and ↓ جوّزهُ, He made his judgment, or opinion, to have effect; he executed or performed it. (K.) Hence the saying, in a trad. of Aboo-Dharr, قَبْلَ أَنْ يُجَيزُوا عَلَىَّ, i. e., Before they slay me, and execute your order upon me. (TA.) A3: أَجَازَنِى (S, K *) (tropical:) He gave me water for, (S,) or he watered [for me], (K,) my land, or my beasts. (S, K.) And إِبِلَهُ ↓ جوّز, (K,) inf. n. تَجْوِيزٌ, (TA,) He watered his camels. (K.) And اجاز الوَفْدَ He gave to the party who came as envoys, or the like, the quantity of water sufficient to pass therewith from one watering-place to another. (TA.) and أَجَازَهُ مَآءً يَجُوزُ بِهِ الطَّرِيقَ (assumed tropical:) He gave him water wherewith to travel the road. (A.) And أَجِزْنِى

مَآءً Give thou me some water that I may go my way, and pass from thee. (Aboo-Bekr, TA.) b2: Hence, (Aboo-Bekr, TA,) اجازهُ بِجَائِزَةٍ, (Aboo-Bekr, TA,) and اجازهُ بِجَائِزَةٍ سَنِيَّةٍ, (S, A,) (assumed tropical:) He (the Sultán) gave him a gift, or present, (Aboo-Bekr, TA,) and he gave him a gift, or present, of high estimation. (S, A. *) Or the origin of the expression was this: Katan the son of 'Owf, of the tribe of Benoo-Hilál-Ibn-'Ámir-Ibn-Saasa'ah, gave the government of Fáris to 'Abd-Allah Ibn-'Abbás; and El-Ahnaf passing by him with his army on an expedition to Khurásán, he waited for them upon a bridge, and said, أَجِيزُوهُمْ [Make ye them to pass over]; and he began to mention the lineage of each man and to give him according to his rank: (S:) or from the fact that a certain commander, having a river between him and an opposing force, said, مَنْ جَازَ هٰذَا النَّهْرَ فَلَهُ كَذَا [Whoso passeth this river shall have such a thing]; and whenever one passed over, he received a جَائِزَة. (TA.) You say also, أَجَازَهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He gave him. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., أَجِيزُوا الوَفْدَ بِنَحْوِ مَا كُنْتُ أُجِيزُهُمْ بِهِ Give ye to the party who come as envoys, or the like, a similar جَائِزَة to that which I used to give them. (TA.) 5 تجوّز اللَّيْلُ The darkness of the night cleared away. (A.) A2: تجوّز فِى صَلَاتِهِ He relaxed, or remitted, in his prayer; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, TA;) and so in other things; (A;) and abridged it; and was quick in it: said to be from الجَوْزُ “the act of traversing, and going, or passing along:” (TA:) or did less than was sufficient in it. (Msb.) b2: Hence, تجوّز فِى أَخْذِ الدَّرَاهِمِ, (A, Mgh,) or تجوّز الدَّرَاهِمَ, (K,) He accepted the dirhems, or pieces of money, as current; did not reject them: (A, Mgh:) see 1: or he accepted them as they were, or notwithstanding what was in them: (Lth, TA:) or he accepted them notwithstanding what was intermixed with them, (K, TA,) [of bad money,] concealed therein, and notwithstanding their fewness. (TA.) In the phrase التَّجَوُّزُ بِدُونِ الحَقِّ [The accepting less than what was due], the inf. n. is made trans. by means of بِ because it implies the meaning of الرِّضَا [which is made trans. by the same means]. (Mgh.) ↓ تَجَاوَزْ also occurs in the sense of تَجَوَّزْ in a trad. of Ibn-Rawáhah: هٰذَا لَكَ وَتَجَاوَزْ فِى

القَسْمِ This is thine, or for thee, and be thou remiss, or not extreme, in, or with respect to, the division: and is allowable, though we have not heard it. (Mgh.) You say also, تَجَوَّزَ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ مَا لَمْ يَتَجَوَّزْ فِى غَيْرِهِ He bore patiently, or with silence and forgiveness, and with feigned neglect, or connivance, in this affair, or case, what he did not so bear in another. (K, * TA.) b3: See also 6, in three places.

A3: تجوّز فِى كَلَامِهِ He made use of a trope, or tropes, in his speech. (S, K.) [See مَجَازٌ, below.]6 تجاوزهُ: see 1, first sentence: and see also 3.

A2: تجاوز i. q. أَفْرَطَ, [i.e., جاوز الحَدَّ, explained above,] فِيهِ in it, or with respect to it. (K. See 3.) b2: تجاوز عَنْهُ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb,) and ↓ تجوّز; (S, A, Mgh;) and تجاوزعَنْ ذَنْبِهِ, (A, K,) and ↓ تجوّز, and ↓ جاوز; (K;) He (God, S, A, or a man, Msb) passed him by, or over, without punishing him; or forgave him; (S, A, Mgh, Msb;) namely, an evil-doer; (A, Mgh, Msb;) and He passed by, or over, without punishing, or forgave, his sin or offence. (A, K. *) You say, اَللّٰهُمَّ تَجَاوَزْ عَنِّى, and عَنِّى ↓ تَجَوَّزْ, O God, pass me by, or over, without punishing me; or forgive me. (S, A.) تجاوز عَنْهُ, followed by a noun in the accus. case, also signifies He forgave him a thing. (L.) And the same alone, He feigned himself neglectful of it; he connived at it. (K.) b3: [Also, this last phrase alone, He transcended it.] b4: تَجَاوَزْ فِى القَسْمِ: see 5.8 اجتازهُ: and اجتاز بِهِ: see 1.10 استجازهُ He asked, or demanded, of him permission. (K, * TA.) b2: He asked, or demanded, of him [the authority or degree of a licentiate; i. e.,] a license with respect to the matters that he had related and heard [from other learned men, to teach the same]. (TA.) [See 4.]

A2: (tropical:) He asked, or demanded, of him (S, K) water for, (S,) or to water [for him], (K,) his land, or his beasts. (S, K.) A3: He approved it. (Har p. 326.) جَوْزٌ The middle (S, K) of a thing, (K,) or of anything; (S;) [as, for instance,] of a desert, (A,) and of a camel, (TA,) and of the night: (A, TA:) and the main part of a thing, (K,) or of the night: (TA:) pl. أَجْوَازٌ; (Sb, S, A;) beside which it has no other. (Sb.) A2: [The walnut; or walnuts;] a well-known fruit, (K,) which is eaten: (Msb:) a Persian word, (S,) arabicized; (S, Msb, K;) originally گَوْزْ: (Mgh, Msb, K:) n. un. جَوْزَةٌ: (S, TA:) pl. جَوْزَاتٌ: (S, K, TA: in the CK جَوْزَانٌ:) the tree thereof abounds in the land of the Arabs, in the province of El-Yemen, where it bears fruit and is cultivated; and in the Sarawát (السَّرَوَات) are trees thereof, which are not cultivated: the wood thereof is characterized by hardness and strength. (AHn. TA.) b2: جَوْزُ بَوَّي, (K,) or جَوْزُ بَوَّا, with the short alif, as heard from the physicians, in Persian گَوْزِ بُويَا, (Mgh, under the letter ب,) [vulgarly called جَوْزُ الطِّيبِ, The nutmeg;] a certain medicine; (K;) it is of the size of the gall-nut (عَفْص), easily broken, with a thin coat, (Mgh, TA,) having a pleasant odour, (Mgh,) or a pleasant and sharp odour; and the best kind is the red, with a black coat, and heavy: (TA:) it is good for the [affection of the face termed] لَقْوَة, strengthens the stomach and heart, and removes cold. (Mgh.) b3: جَوْزُ مَاثِلٍ [The datura stramonium, or thorn-apple;] also a certain medicine; (K;) having the property of producing torpor; resembling the جَوْزُ القَىْءِ (see what follows); having upon it small, thick thorns; and its seed is like that of the أُتْرُجّ [or citror.]. (TA.) b4: جَوْزُ القّىْءِ [Nux vomica;] also a certain medicine, (K,) having a power similar to that of the white خَرْبَق [or hellebore]. (TA.) b5: جَوْزُ الهِنْدِ [The cocoa-nut;] what is commonly called the نَارَجِيل. (TA.) جَوْزَةٌ: see جَائِزَةٌ, in four places.

A2: Also n. un. of جَوْزٌ [q. v.].

جِيزَةٌ: see جَائِزَةٌ.

الجَوْزَآءُ A certain constellation (نَجْمٌ); (S;) a certain sign of the Zodiac; (K;) [namely, Gemini;] said to cross the جَوْز (i. e. the middle, TA) of the sky; (S, TA;) for which reason it is [asserted to be] thus called. (TA.) b2: Also i. q. الجَبَّارُ [The constellation Orion]: (A and K in art. جبر:) it has three very bright stars disposed obliquely in the midst thereof, called by the Arabs النَّظْمُ, and نِطَاقُ الجَوْزَآءِ, and فَقَارُ الجَوْزَآءِ. (Har p. 456.) جَوَازٌ (assumed tropical:) The act of watering, or giving to drink: (S:) or a single watering of, or giving drink to, camels. (TA.) [See also جَائِزَةٌ.] A rájiz says, يَا صَاحِبَ الْمَآءِ فَدَتْكَ نَفْسِى

عَجِّلْ جَوَازِي وَأَقِلَّ حَبْسِى

[O master of the water (may my soul be thy ransom) hasten the watering of my camels, and make my detention little]. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) The water with which beasts are watered, or with which seed-produce is watered: (AA, S, K:) [and] water which is given one that he may travel with it the road. (A, Mgh.) [See also جَائِزَةٌ.] b3: Hence, (Mgh,) (assumed tropical:) The traveller's pass, (A, Mgh, K,) given him to prevent any one's offering opposition to him: (A, Mgh:) pl. أَجْوِزَةٌ. (A, TA.) A2: The office, or authority, of a guardian and affiancer. (TA.) جَائِزٌ [act. part. n. of جَازَ, in all its senses]. b2: Passing, or current, money. (Mgh.) See an ex. above, voce جَازَ. [And hence,] جَوَائِزُ الأَشْعَارِ, and الأَمْثَالِ, (K, TA,) for the former of which we find, in some copies of the K, الشِّعْرِ, which is incorrect, (TA,) Verses, or poems, and proverbs, current from country to country, or from town to town. (K, TA.) b3: Applied to a contract, [and a sale and a marriage, Allowable; passing for lawful;] passing as right, sound, valid, or good [in law]; having effect. (Msb.) A2: [The beam of a house, or chamber, upon which rest the عَوَارِض, or rafters;] that upon which are placed the extremities of the pieces of wood in the roof of a house or chamber; (AO, TA;) the palm-trunk, (S,) or piece of wood, which passes across between two walls, (K,) called in Persian تِيْر, (S, K,) which is the سَهْم of the house or chamber: (S:) pl. [of pauc.] أَجْوِزَةٌ, (S, CK, TA,) in [some of] the copies of the K, incorrectly, أجْوُزٌ, (TA,) [and both these are given in the CK,] and [of mult.]

جُوزَانٌ (S, K) and جِيزَانٌ (CK, but omitted in my MS. copy of the K and in the TA,) and جَوَائِزُ. (Seer, K.) جَائِزَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A draught of water; (S, K;) as also ↓ جَوْزَةٌ: (K:) or ↓ the latter signifies a single watering, or giving of water to drink; (S, K; [see an ex. in art. اذن, conj. 2;]) or such as a man passes with from one person to another: and ↓ both signify the quantity of water with which the traveller passes from one watering-place to another; as also ↓ جِيزَةٌ. (TA.) It is said in a prov., ثُمَّ يُؤُذَّنُ ↓ لِكُلِّ جَابِهٍ جَوْزَةٌ, i. e., (assumed tropical:) For every one that comes to us for water is a single water-ing, or giving of water to drink; then he is repelled from the water: or, as in the M, then his ear is struck, to indicate to him that he has nothing more than that to receive from us. (TA.) b2: Hence, (A, Mgh,) accord. to Aboo-Bekr, (TA,) [but see 4,] (assumed tropical:) A gift, or present: (Aboo-Bekr, S, Mgh, K:) pl. جَوَائِزُ. (S, A, Mgh.) b3: Hence also, (Mgh,) (tropical:) Kindness and courtesy: (K:) or kindnesses and courtesy shown to those who come to one as envoys or the like: (Mgh:) or provisions for a day and a night given to a guest at his departure after entertainment for three days. (Mgh, TA.) It is said in a trad., الضِّيَافَةُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ وَجَائِزَتُهُ يَوْمٌ وَلَيْلَةٌ وَمَا زَادَ فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ, meaning, [The period of] the entertainment of a guest is three days, during the first of which the host shall take trouble to show him large kindness and courtesy, and on the second and third of which he shall offer him what he has at hand, not exceeding his usual custom; then he shall give him that wherewith to journey for the space of a day and a night; and what is after that shall be as an alms and an act of favour, which he may do if he please of neglect if he please. (TA.) مَجَازٌ A way, road, or path, (S, K, TA,) which one travels from one side [or end] to the other; (K, TA;) as also ↓ مَجَازَةٌ. (TA.) You say, جَعَلَ فُلَانٌ ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرَ مَجَازًا إِلَى حَاجَتِهِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one made that thing a way to the attainment of his want. (S, TA.) نَهْرٍ ↓ مَجَازَةُ signifies A bridge. (A.) And ↓ مَجَازَةٌ alone [also] signifies A road (طَرِيقَةٌ) in a سَبْخَة [or salt tract]. (K.) b2: A privy, or place where one performs ablution; syn. مُتَبَرَّزٌ. (TA.) A2: A trope; a word, or phrase, used in a sense different from that which it was originally applied to denote, by reason of some analogy, or connexion, between the two senses; as, for instance, أَسَدٌ, properly signifying “ a lion,” applied to “ a courageous man; ” (KT, &c.;) what passes beyond the meaning to which it is originally applied; (TA;) [being of the measure مَفْعَلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ;] contr. of حَقِيقَةٌ. (K.) [This is also called مَجَازٌ لُغَوِىٌّ, and مَجَازٌ لُغَةً; to distinguish it from what is termed مَجَازٌ عُرْفِىٌّ, and مَجَازٌ عُرْفًا, which is A word, or phrase, so little used in a particular proper sense as to be, in that sense, conventionally regarded as tropical; as, for instance, دَابَّةٌ in the sense of “ a man,” or “ a human being; ”

it being commonly applied to “ a beast,” and especially to “ a horse ” or “ a mule ” or “ an ass. ”] A حَقِيقَة, when little used, becomes what is termed مَجَازٌ عُرْفًا. (Mz, 24th نوع.) The مَجَاز is either what is termed اِسْتِعَارَةٌ [i. e. a metaphor] (as أَسَدٌ used as meaning “ a courageous man ”), or مَجَازٌ مُرْسَلٌ [a loose trope] (as يَدٌ used as meaning “ a benefit,” “ benefaction,” “ favour,” or “ boon ”). (KT, &c.) [مَجَازٌ also signifies A tropical meaning.]

مُجَازٌ: and مُجَازَاتٌ: see 4, in the middle of the paragraph.

مُجِيزٌ A commissioned agent of another; an executor appointed by a will; syn. وَكِيلٌ, and وَصِىّ; because he executes what he is ordered to do: so in the conventional language of the people of El-Koofeh: (Mgh:) or a slave who has received permission to traffic. (Mgh, K.) b2: The guardian and affiancer [of a woman]; syn. وَلِىٌّ. (K.) You say, هٰذِهِ امْرَأَةٌ لَيْسَ لَهَا مُجِيزٌ [This is a woman who has no guardian and affiancer]: and Shureyh is related to have said, إِذَا أَنْكَحَ الْمُجِيزَانِ فَالنِّكَاحُ لِلْأَوَّلِ [When the two guardians and affiancers give a woman in marriage, the marriage is the former's]. (TA.) b3: The manager of the affairs of an orphan. (K.) مَجَازَةٌ: see مَجَازٌ, in three places.

A2: أَرْضٌ مَجَازَةٌ (S, A) A land containing trees of the جَوْز [or walnut]: (S:) or a land (in the K, مَكَان [a place], which is wrong, TA) abounding with جَوْز. (A, K.) مَجَازِىٌّ Tropical.]

مُجَتَازٌ Going, or passing along. (K.) b2: One who travels, or penetrates, along a road. (K.) b3: One who loves to hasten, or outstrip. (K, TA.)

جرس

1 جَرَسَ, [aor., app., جَرُسَ and جَرِسَ, as seems to be implied in the K, inf. n. جَرْسٌ, which see below,] He, or it, made a sound; (TA;) as also ↓ اجرس: (Mgh, TA:) [or both signify he, or it, made a low, gentle, slight, or soft, sound; as appears from what follows.] You say, جَرَسَ بِالكَلَامِ, (A,) or جَرَسَ الكَلَامَ, (Msb,) He spoke in a low, gentle, or soft, voice or tone; or with modulation, or melody; syn. نَغَمَ فِيهِ, (A,) or نَغَمَ بِهِ. (Msb.) And جَرَسَ, (S,) inf. n. جَرْسٌ; (K;) and ↓ تجرٍّ; (S, K;) He spoke: (K:) or he said a thing, and spoke in a low, gentle, or soft, voice or tone, or with modulation or melody; expl. by تَكَلَّمَ بِشَىْءٍ وَتَنَغَّمَ. (Lth, S.) And ↓ اجرس is also used in the senses here following. It (a bird) caused the sound of its passing to be heard: (S, A, * K:) and in like manner it is said of a man. (K, accord. to the TA; but not found by me in any copy of the K.) ↓ And (tropical:) It (an ornament, حَلْىٌ,) made a sound (S, A, * K) like that of a جَرَس [or bell]; (TA;) as also ↓ انجرس. (A, TA.) ↓ and It (a tribe, حَىٌّ,) made its sound (جَرْس) to be heard: or, accord. to the T, made the sound of the جَرْس of a thing to be heard. (TA.) ↓ and He (a man) raised his voice. (TA.) ↓ And He (a camel-driver) sang to camels for the purpose of urging or exciting: (S, K:) or raised his voice in doing so. (A.) b2: [Hence, app.,] جَرَسَ, aor. ـُ (Lth, AO, S, K,) and جَرِسَ, (K,) inf. n. جَرْسٌ, (Lth, AO, K,) He ate [a thing: because a slight sound is made in doing so]: (AO, TA:) or he licked [a thing] with his tongue. (K.) You say, جَرَسَت النَّحْلُ العُرْفُطَ The bees ate the [trees called]

عرفط: (S) and جَرَسَتِ النَّوْرَ, (Lth, A,) and العَسَلَ [put tropically for النَّوْرَ because honey is made from flowers or blossoms], (Lth, TA,) the bees ate the flowers, or blossoms, making a sound in so doing: (A:) or licked the flowers, or blossoms, and thence made honey. (Lth, TA.) And جَرَسَتِ المَاشِيَةُ الشَّجَرَ, and العُشْبَ, The beasts licked the trees, and the herbage. (TA.) And جَرَسَتِ البَقَرَةُ وَلَدَهَا The cow licked her young one. (TA.) 2 جرّس بِالقَوْمِ, inf. n. تَجْرِيسٌ, He rendered the persons notorious, or infamous; [as, for instance, by parading them, and making public proclamation before them; accord. to the usage of the verb in the present day;] syn. سَمَّعَ بِهِمْ, (K,) and نَدَّدَ, (Ibn-'Abbád, TA,) and صَوَّتَ. (A.) A2: جَرَّسَتْهُ الأُمُورُ, (S,) and الدُّهُورُ, (TA,) inf. n. as above, (K,) (tropical:) [Events, and misfortunes,] rendered him experienced, or expert, and sound, or firm, in judgment &c. (S, K, * TA) 4 اجرس: see 1, in six places. b2: اجرس بِالحَلْىِ (tropical:) [He made a sound with the ornament]: said of the owner [or wearer] of the ornament. (A.) b3: اجرس الجَرَسَ He struck [or sounded] the bell. (TA.) b4: أَجْرَسَنِى السَّبُعُ The animal of prey heard my sound (جَرْسِى): (ISk, S, A, K:) or heard it from afar. (TA.) 5 تَجَرَّسَ see 1.7 إِنْجَرَسَ see 1.

جَرْسٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ جِرْسٌ (S, A, K) and ↓ جَرَسٌ (Kr, ISd) A sound: (ISk, A, K:) or a low, faint, gentle, slight, or soft, sound: (IDrd, S A, K:) such, for instance, as the sound of the beaks of birds, (S, A, Msb,) pecking, (A,) upon a thing which they are eating: (S:) and that of bees eating flowers or blossoms: (A:) and of a tribe [or crowd of men, more particularly as heard from some distance; i. e., a hum]: (TA:) and of a camel-driver singing to his beasts to urge or excite them: (A:) and the slight sound of a letter of the alphabet: (TA:) and low, gentle, or soft, speech: (Msb:) or when the word is used alone, [i. e., not coupled with another noun as it is in the second of the two examples here following,] it is with fet-h: thus one says, مَا سَمِعْتُ لَهُ جَرْسًا; (A, K;) i. e., I heard not any sound of him, or it: (TA:) but you say, ↓ مَا سَمِعْتُ لَهُ حِسًّا وَلَا جِرْسًا, with kesr; (A, K;) i. e., I heard not any motion, nor any sound, of him, or it: (TA in art. حس:) pl. [app. of the third] أَجْرَاسٌ. (Ham p. 200.) [See also جَرْشٌ.]

جِرْسٌ: see what next precedes, in two places.

جَرَسٌ [A bell;] a thing well known; (Msb;) the thing that is hung to the neck of the camel (S, Mgh, K) &c., and that makes a sound: (Mgh:) or, accord. to some, the [little round bell called] جُلْجُل: (TA:) and also that which is struck [to make it sound]: (Lth, S, K:) the thing that is struck by the Christians at the times of prayers: (Har p. 616:) pl. أجْرَاسٌ. (Mgh, Msb.) It is said in a trad., لَا تَصْحَبُ المَلَائِكَةُ رُفْقَةً فِيهَا جَرَسٌ [The angels will not accompany an assemblage of persons journeying together among whom is a bell]: (S, TA:) the reason is said to be, because it guides others to them; for Mo-hammad liked not to let the enemy know of his approach until he came upon them suddenly. (TA.) A2: See also جَرْسٌ.

جُرْسَةٌ The act of rendering [a person or persons] notorious, or infamous. (TA.) [See 2.]

جَارُوسٌ Voracious. (IAar, K.) جَوَارِسُ [as though pl. of جَارِسَةٌ] Bees: (S:) or bees eating flowers, or blossoms, and making a sound in doing so: (A:) or جَوَارِسُ النَّحْلِ signifies the males of bees. (TA.) جَاوَرْسٌ [A species of millet;] a kind of grain, (Msb, K,) well known, (K,) resembling ذُرَة, but smaller: (Msb:) or, accord. to some, a species of دُخْن: (Msb:) or i. q. دُخْنٌ: (S in art. دخن, and TA in art. دخل:) or a well-known grain, which is eaten, like دُخْن, of which there are three species, the best whereof is the yellow [الصفر, or the word may be الاصغر, the smallest,] and weighty: it is likened to rice in its power, or virtue, is more astringent than دُخْن, promotes the flow of urine, and constringes: the word is arabicized, from [the Persian] گَاوِرْسْ. (TA.) مُجَرَّسٌ (S) and مُجَرِّسٌ (TA) (tropical:) A man (TA) experienced, or expert, in affairs, (S, TA,) and rendered sound, or firm, in judgment &c. (TA.) And with ة, (tropical:) A she-camel tried and proved by use, or practice, in pace and riding. (TA.) مَجْرُوسٌ [Uttered with a sound: or with a low, gentle, slight, or soft, sound]. Every letter of the alphabet is مَجْرُوسَة, except the soft letters, (A, TA,) namely, وا, and ى. (TA.)

جلس

1 جَلَسَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (A, K,) inf. n. جُلُوسٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ مَجْلَسٌ, (S, A, K,) He placed his seat, or posteriors, upon rugged [or rather elevated] ground, such as is termed جَلْسٌ: this is the primary signification: (TA:) [and hence,] He sat; i. q. قَعَدَ [when the latter is used in its largest sense]: (Msb, and so S and L and A and K in art. قعد:) you say, جَلَسَ مُتَرَبِّعًا and قَعَدَ مُتَرَبِّعًا [He sat cross-legged]: (Msb:) accord. to El-Fárábee and others, contr. of قَامَ; and thus it has a more common application than قَعَدَ [when the latter is used in its most proper and restricted sense]: (Msb:) but قَعَدَ also signifies the contr. of قَامَ: ('Orweh Ibn-Zubeyr, L in art. قعد:) properly speaking, جَلَسَ differs from قَعَدَ; the former signifying he sat up; or sat after sleeping, or prostration, (Msb,) or after lying on his side; (B, TA;) and the latter, he sat down; or sat after standing: (Msb, B, TA: and see other authorities to the same effect in art. قعد:) for جُلُوسٌ is a change of place from low to high, and قُعُودٌ is a change of place from high to low: and one says, جَلَسَ مُتَّكِئًا, but not قَعَدَ مُتَّكِئًا, meaning [He sat] leaning, or reclining, upon one side: (Msb:) but both these verbs sometimes signify he was, or became: and thus, [it is said,] جَلَسَ مُتَرَبِّعًا and فَعَدَ مُتَرَبِّعًا signify he was, or became, cross-legged: and جَلَسَ بَيْنَ شُعَبِهَا الأَرْبَعِ in like manner signifies he was, or became, [between her four limbs,] (El-Fárábee, Msb,) because the man, in this case, is resting upon his own four limbs. (Msb.) [جَلَسَ مَعَهُ and جَلَسَ إِلَيْهِ, like خَلَا معه and خلا اليه, signify the same; i. e. He sat with him: or the latter, he sat by him; like “ assedit ei. ”] An instance of the inf. n. مَجْلَسٌ is found in a trad., in which it is said, فَإِذَا أَتَيْتُمْ إِلَى المَجْلِسِ فَأَعْطُوا الطَّرِيقَ حَقَّهُ [But when ye come to sitting, perform ye the duties relating to the road]. (TA.) [The trad. commences thus: إِيَّاكُمْ وَالجُلُوسَ عَلَى الطُّرُقَاتِ Beware ye of sitting on the roads: and then, after the words before cited, (in which, however, in my copy of the Jámi' es-Sagheer, instead of المجلس, I find المَجَالِسِ, which is pl. of المَجْلِسُ,) it is added that the duties thus alluded to are the lowering of the eyes, the putting away or aside what is hurtful or annoying, the returning of salutations, the enjoining of that which is good, and the forbidding of that which is evil.] b2: جَلَسَتِ الرَّخَمَةُ (tropical:) The aquiline vulture lay upon its breast on the ground; syn. جَثَمَت: a saying applied to him who is of the seceders. (A, TA.) [See also قَعَدَ.] b3: جَلَسَ also signifies (assumed tropical:) It (a thing, as, for instance, a plant,) remained, or continued. (AHn, TA.) b4: Also, (aor.

جَلِسَ, inf. n. جَلْسٌ, TA,) He came to الجَلْس, (TA,) or [the high country called] Nejd: (T, S, A, TA:) and in like manner said of a cloud; it came to Nejd. (TA.) 3 جالسهُ, inf. n. مُجَالَسَةٌ and جِلَاسٌ, [He sat with him.] (TA.) You say, لَا تُجَالِسْ مَنْ لَا تُجَانِسْ [Sit not with him with whom thou wilt not be congenial]. (A, TA.) And كَرِيمُ النِّحَاسِ طَيِّيبُ الجِلَاسِ [Generous in origin, or disposition; pleasant to sit with;] is said of a man. (TA.) 4 اجلسهُ [He seated him; made him to sit: or he made him to sit up]: (S, K, TA:) he gave him place, or settled him, (مَكَّنَهُ,) in sitting. (TA.) 6 تجاسلوا [They sat together; one with another;] (S, A, TA;) فِى المَجَالِسِ [in the sittingplaces]. (S.) 10 استجلسهُ [He asked him, or desired him, to sit: or to sit up.]. You say, رَآنِى قَائِمًا فَاسْتَجْلَسَنِى

[He saw me standing, and he asked me, or desired me, to sit]: (A, TA:) but this is at variance with what we have mentioned in the beginning of the art., respecting the distinction [between جَلَسَ and قَعَدَ]. (TA.) جَلْسٌ Rugged ground or land: (S, K:) this is the primary signification. (TA.) b2: [Also, app., Elevated ground or land:] a place elevated and hard: or, as some say, a tract of land extending widely. (Ham p. 688.) b3: [And hence,] الجَلْسُ What is elevated above the غَوْر [or low country]: (TA:) applied especially to the country of Nejd. (T, S, M, K.) A2: [Persons sitting: or sitting up:] a quasi-pl. n., accord. to Sb, or a pl., accord. to Akh, of ↓ جَالِسٌ: said to be used as sing. and pl. and fem. and masc.; but this assertion is of no account: (ISd, L:) or the people of a مَجْلِس: (Lh, ISd, L, K:) [↓ جُلُوسٌ is also a pl. of ↓ جَالِسٌ; like as بُكِىٌّ, originally بُكُوىٌ, is of بَاكِ: or it is an inf. n. used as an epithet: see جَاثٍ:)] you say قَوْمٌ جُلُوسٌ [a company of men sitting: or sitting up]. (S.) [See also مَجْلِسٌ.] b2: Also A woman who sits in the فِنَآء [or court of the house], not quitting it: (K:) or she who is of noble rank (K, TA) among her people. (TA.) جِلْسٌ: see جَلِيسٌ, in two places.

جَلْسَةٌ A single sitting: or sitting up. (Msb.) جِلْسَةٌ A mode or manner, (TA,) kind, (Msb,) or state, (S, A, Msb,) of sitting: or of sitting up. (S, * A, * Msb, K. *) You say, هُوَ حَسَنُ الجِلْسَةِ [He has a good mode, &c., of sitting]. (A, Msb, K.) جُلَسَةٌ A man (S) who sits much; sedentary. (S, K.) جُلُوسٌ: see جَلْسٌ.

جَلِيسٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ جِلِّيسٌ (TA, as found in a copy of the K, [but this is an intensive form,]) and ↓ جِلْسٌ (S, A, K) A companion with whom one sits: (A, Msb, K:) fem. of the first with ة: (TA:) and pl. [of the same] جُلَسَآءُ (A, K) and [irreg., being by rule pl. of جَالِسٌ,] جُلَّاسٌ. (K.) You say, ↓ هُوَ جِلْسِى and جَلِيسِى [He is my companion with whom I sit]; like as you say, هُوَ خِدْنِى and خَدِينِى. (S.) جِلِّيسٌ: see جَلِيسٌ.

جَالِسٌ: see جَلْسٌ, in two places. b2: Also A man, and a cloud, coming to [the high country called] Nejd. (TA.) You say, رَأَيْتُهُمْ يَعْدُونَ جَالِسِينَ I saw them running, coming to Nejd. (A, TA.) مَجْلَسٌ: see 1: b2: and see مَجْلِسٌ.

مَجْلِسٌ A sitting-place; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ with ة; (Fr, Lh, Sgh, K;) similar to مَكَانٌ and مَكَانَةٌ: (Sgh, TA:) [a place where persons sit together and converse; a sitting-room:] a thing upon which one sits: (MF:) some make a strange distinction between مَجْلِسٌ and ↓ مَجْلَسٌ, asserting the former to be applied to the chamber or house (بَيْت) [in which people sit]; and the latter, to a place of honour upon which it is forbidden to sit without permission; but the former is the only correct form of the two: (MF, TA:) pl. مَجَالِسُ. (S, Msb.) You say, اُرْزُنْ فِى مَجْلِسِكَ and ↓ مَجْلِسَتِكَ [Be thou grave] in thy sitting-place. (Fr, Sgh.) b2: (tropical:) The people of a مَجْلِس; (Msb, TA;) elliptical, for أَهْلُ مَجْلِسٍ: (TA:) an assembly, or a company of men, sitting [together]: (Th, TA:) not well explained as being, with the article ال, syn. with النَّاسُ: (TA:) persons sitting, or sitting up. (A, TA.) [See also جَلْسٌ.] You say, اِنْفَضَّ المَجْلِسُ (assumed tropical:) [The assembly of persons sitting together broke up]. (Msb.) And رَأَيْتُهُمْ مَجْلِسًا I saw them sitting. (A, TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) An oration or a discourse, or an exhortation, (خُطْبَةٌ أَوْ عِظَةٌ,) delivered in a مَجْلِس; like مَقَامَةٌ. (Mtr, in the Preface to Har.) b4: It is also used in the same manner as حَضْرَة and جَنَاب: you say مَجْلِسُ فُلَانٍ

[meaning (assumed tropical:) The object of resort, with whom others sit and converse, such a one]; like حَضْرَةُ فُلَانٍ. (Kull p. 146.) [See arts. حضر and جنب. But this usage I believe to be post-classical.] b5: [Also (assumed tropical:) A stool; meaning, an evacuation. So in medical books.]

مَجْلِسَةٌ: see مَجْلِسٌ, in two places.

جرش

1 جَرَشَهُ, (S, A, K,) aor. ـُ (MS, K) and جَرِشَ, (K,) inf. n. جَرْشٌ, (A, TA,) He bruised, brayed, or pounded, it, (S, A, K,) and he ground it, namely, salt, and grain, (A,) coarsely, not finely. (S, A, K.) b2: He stripped off, scraped off, rubbed off, abraded, or otherwise removed, its superficial part; syn. قَشَرَهُ. (K.) b3: He scratched, scraped, rubbed, grated, chafed, or fretted, it; syn. حَكَّهُ; (K, TA;) like as the viper does its fangs; when its folds rub, or grate, together, causing a sound to be head. (TA.) b4: He scratched it (حَكَّهُ, namely, his head,) with a comb, (S, A, K,) so as to raise its scurf; (S, K;) as also ↓ جَرَّشَهُ. (TA.) b5: He rubbed and pressed it (namely, the skin,) with the hand, in order that it might become smooth (K, TA) and soft. (TA.) 2 جَرَّشَ see 1, last signification but one.

جَرْشٌ The sound of a viper's coming forth form the skin [or slough] when the former rubs, or grates, one part against another. (K.) b2: and The sound of a viper's fangs, when they rub, or grate [together]. (TA.) b3: And The sound arising from eating a rough thing: or this is with س. (TA.) جَرِيشٌ A thing, (S, K,) such as salt, (A,) bruised, brayed, or pounded, (S, A, K,) and ground, (A,) coarsely, not finely: (S, A, K:) or, applied to salt, it signifies مَالَمْ يُطَيَّبْ [app. meaning such as has not been purified], (S, K, TA,) that crumbles; as though one part thereof were rubbed against another. (TA.) b2: Also Coarse flour, such as is fit for [making the kind of food called] خَبِيص مُرَمَّل. (TA.) جُرَاشَةُ شَىْءٍ What falls, of, or from, a thing coarsely bruised or brayed or pounded, when what is bruised &c. thereof is taken. (S.) b2: جُرَاشَةٌ also signifies What falls from the head when it is combed: (A, TA:) and what falls and becomes scattered from wood: (A:) or cuttings, chips, parings, and the like. (TA.) جَوَارِشٌ [from the Persian گُوَارِشْ, A digestive stomachic;] a thing that causes food to digest; as also هَاضُومٌ. (S in art. هضم.) مَجْرُوشٌ A thing having its superficial part stripped off, scraped off, rubbed off, abraded, or otherwise removed. (TA.) b2: Skin rubbed and pressed with the hand in order that it may become smooth and soft. (TA.)