عدس

1 عَدَسَ فِى الأَرْضِ, (AA, S, O, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. عَدْسٌ (AA, O, K) and عَدَسَانٌ and عِدَاسٌ (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K) and عُدُوسٌ, (O, K,) He went away [or journeyed] into, or in, or through, the country, or land. (AA, S, O, K.) One says, عَدَسَتْ بِهِ المَنِيَّةُ (S, O) i. e. [Death] took him away. (O.) And El-Kumeyt says, أُكَلِّفُهَا هَوْلَ الظَّلَامِ وَلَمْ أَزَلْ

↓ إِلَىَّ وَعَادِسَا ↓ أَخَا اللَّيْلِ مَعْدُوسًا or عَلَىَّ, as some relate it, (O, [and thus, instead of إِلَىَّ, in one of my copies of the S,]) meaning [I constrain them (referring to camels mentioned in a preceding verse) to bear the terror of the darkness, and I cease not to be, as a nightfarer,] journeyed to by night [and journeying]. (S, O.) [It is added in the S, as though to indicate another meaning, وَعَدَسَ لُغَةٌ فِى حَدَسَ; and in the O and K, وَالعَدْسُ الحَدْسُ; (in the O with أَيْضًا between these two inf. ns.;) but accord. to the TA, the meaning intended by this is, The going away into, or in, the country, or land: see, however, what here follows.] b2: العَدْسُ also signifies The treading hard, or vehemently, (شِدَّةُ الوَطْءِ, S, O, K, TA,) upon the ground; and so الحَدْسُ. (TA.) b3: And i. q. الكَدْحُ [app. as meaning The working, or labouring; or toiling, or labouring hard]; (S, O, K, TA;) as also الحَدْسُ. (TA.) b4: And, accord. to IKtt, عَدَسَ, said of a man, signifies قَوِىَ عَلَى الشَّرِّ [He was strong to do evil, or mischief: but I think it probable that the right explanation is, على السَّيْرِ or على السُّرَى, i. e. to journey, or to journey by night: see عَدُوسٌ]. (TA.) A2: عَدَسَ, aor. ـِ (AA, O, K,) inf. n. عَدْسٌ, (TA,) also signifies He served [another]; syn. خَدَمَ. (AA, O, K.) b2: And عَدَسَ المَالَ, inf. n. عَدْسٌ, He pastured the cattle, or camels &c. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, TA.) And هُوَ يَعْدِسُ عَلَيْهِ He pastures for him. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) A3: عَدَسَ بِهِ, (O, K,) and عَدَسَهُ, (IKtt, * O,) He said to him (i. e. to a mule, O) عَدَسْ [q. v.]. (IKtt, O, K.) A4: عُدِسَ, He had an eruption of the small pustule called عَدَسَة [q. v.]. (K, * O, * TA.) 3 عادس He journeyed continually. (Freytag, from the Deewán of Jereer.)]

عَدَسْ A cry by which one chides a mule, (IDrd, S, IKtt, * O, K,) to urge him: (IKtt:) sometimes, by poetic license, it is made decl.: (L, TA:) the vulgar say عد [app. عَدْ]. (TA.) b2: Hence, (TA,) sometimes, (S, O,) it is also used as a name for The mule; (S, O, K;) like as the ass is [sometimes] called سَأْ سَأْ, which is [origiginally] a cry whereby one chides an ass; and there are other instances of the same kind. (TA.) عَدَسٌ [Lentils;] a well-known grain; (S, O, K;) also called عَلَسٌ and بُلُسٌ: (TA:) n. un. with ة. (O, K.) b2: عَدَسُ المَآءِ A certain plant [of which I have not found any description]. (See art. ساذج, last sentence.) عَدَسَةٌ A small pustule, (Lth, S, * O, * K,) resembling the عَدَسة [commonly so called, i. e. the single grain of lentil], (Lth, TA,) which comes forth (Lth, O, K) in the body (Lth, K) in a man, (S, O,) dispersedly, like the طَاعُون [or plague], (Lth, TA,) of which it is said to be a kind, (Lth, O, TA,) and kills, (Lth, O, K,) or sometimes kills, (S,) or generally kills, (Lth, TA,) few recovering from it: (Lth, O:) it was feared by the tribe of Kureysh, as being transitive. (O.) عَدَسِيَّةٌ A soup made by boiling yellow lentils in water, till nearly dissolved, and then adding red vinegar, coriander, and salt. (Ibn-Jezleh, quoted, from Channing, by Greenhill, in his Transl. of Er-Rázee on Small-pox and Measles.) A2: It is now applied also to Bats' dung; which is used in medicine, administered internally; and also applied externally, mixed with vinegar, to tumours: so says Forskål in his Descr. Animalium, p. iii.: but he there states عدسيه to be an appel-lation of the bat itself.]

عَدُوسٌ, applied to a female, [and app. to a male also,] Bold, or daring; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, TA;) strong to journey. (TA.) And عَدُوسُ السُّرَى Strong to journey (S, O, K) by night; as a masc. epithet; (O, K;) and as a fem. epithet applied to the hyena: (S, O:) or عَدُوسُ اللَّيْلِ, as meaning strong to journey by night, is applied to a man and to a woman and to a camel. (TA.) عَادِسٌ: see the verse cited in the first paragraph.

مَعْدُوسٌ: see the verse above mentioned.

A2: Also Having an eruption of the small pustule termed عَدَسَةٌ. (K, * O, * TA.)

كبر

1 كَبُرَ, aor. ـُ (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. كُبْرٌ (A, Msb, K) and كِبَرٌ and كَبَارَةٌ, (A, K,) He, (TA,) or it, (Msb,) was, or became, great, [big, or large in body, or corporeal substance: and in years, or age; (when said of a human being, often particularly signifying he attained to puberty;) and in estimation or rank or dignity;] contr. of ضَغُرَ; (A, K;) syn. عَظُمَ, (S, Msb, K,) and جَسُمَ. (K.) [In the K the pret. is twice mentioned: where it is explained as signifying the contr. of صَغُرَ, the above inf. ns. are mentioned, as in the A: where it is explained by عَظُمَ and جَسُمَ in the K, no inf. n. is mentioned; but in the TA it is there said that in the sense of عَظُمَ it relates to an affair or case, and that the inf. n. is كِبَرٌ and كَبَارَةٌ; and that in the sense of جَسُمَ it relates to anything.] b2: كَبُرَ الأَمْرُ [The affair, or case, was, or became, of great moment; it was, or became, momentous: or it signifies as in the phrase next following]. (A.) b3: كَبُرَ عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرُ The affair, or case, was, or became, difficult, hard, severe, grievous, distressing, afflictive, troublesome, or burdensome, to him or in its effect upon him; syn. شَقَّ. (A, * TA.) In this sense the verb is used in the Kur, x, 72, (TA,) and xlii, 11. (Bd, ii. 42.) and so in the Kur again, xvii, 53, أَوْ خَلْقًا مِمَّا يَكْبُرُ فِى صدُورِكُمْ, (TA,) meaning, أَوْخَلْقًا مِمَّا يَكْبُرُ عِنْدَكُمْ عَنْ قُبُولِ الحَيَاةِ [Or a created thing of those which are too difficult in your minds to receive life], as being the thing most remote from capability to receive life. (Bd.) [This signification is from the primary application of the verb.]

A2: كَبِرَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. كِبَرٌ and مَكْبِرٌ, He (a man, S, a human being, and a beast, TA, and a child, Msb,) became full-grown, or old, or advanced in age. (S, K.) Hence the prov., كَبِرَ عَمْرُو عَنِ الطَّوْقِ: see art. طوق.] b2: [In modern Arabic, and, I believe, sometimes, in classic authors, it also signifies He became big; (said of a boy, or child, in the TA in art. رع, &c.;) i. e. attained to full growth: and to adolescence: and to puberty: see كَبِيرٌ.] This form of the verb and that first mentioned are sometimes erroneously used, each for the other, by persons of distinction as well as by the vulgar. (TA.) b3: See كَبْرَةٌ, below.

A3: كَابَرْتُهُ فَكَبَرْتُهُ, aor. of the latter, كَبُرَ: see 3. b2: كَبَرَهُ بِسَنَةٍ, aor. ـُ He exceeded me in age by a year. (K.) and مَا كَبَرَنِى إِلَّا بِسَنَةٍ He did not exceed me in age save by a year. (IAar.) 2 كبّر, inf. n. تكَبِيرٌ, He made a thing great. (K.) b2: He magnified, or honoured; syn. عَظَّمَ. (S) b3: Also, inf. n. as above, and كِبَّارٌ, (Sgh, K,) which latter is of the dial. of Belhárith Ibn-Kaab and many of the people of El-Yemen, (Sgh,) He said اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَر. (K.) See أَكْبَرُ, below.3 كَابَرْتُهُ فَكَبَرْتُهُ, aor. of the latter كَبُرَ, [I contended, or disputed, with him for superiority in greatness, and I overcame him therein.] (A.) You say كَابَرَ فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا Such a one disputed with such a one for superiority in greatness, and said I am greater than thou. (A.) b2: كابرهُ, inf. n. مُكَابَرَةٌ, He vied with him; or contended with him for superiority; syn. غَالَبَهُ: and he contended against him; or he contended against him, or disputed with him, not knowing the truth or falsity of what he or his adversary said; syn. عَانَدَهُ: (Msb:) or he contended or disputed with him, knowing that what he himself said was false, and that what his adversary said was true. (Kull, p. 342.) b3: It is said in a trad., لَاتُكَابِرُوا الصَّلَاةَ, meaning, لَا تُغَالِبُوهَا [app., Contend not ye against prayer.] (TA.) b4: كُوبِرَ فَأَبَى [It was contended with, and refused, or would not]: said of what he would utter by a man who had an impediment in his speech. (A.) b5: كَابَرَهُ عَلَى حَقِّهِ He denied, or disacknowledged, to him his right, or due, and contended with him for it; expl. by جَاحَدَهُ وَغَالَبَهُ. (A, TA. [See 1 in art. جحد.]) b6: كُوبِرَ عَلَى مَالِهِ He had his property taken from him by force. (A, TA.) 4 اكبرهُ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِكْبَارٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ استكبرهُ; (K;) He deemed it great [or formidable; see an ex., voce فَظِعَ;] it was great in his estimation; (IJ, K;) syn. إِسْتَعْظَمَهُ. (S, Msb.) b2: اكبرت She brought forth a great child, or young one. (IKtt.) b3: أَصْغَرَتِ النَّاقَةُ وَأَكْبَرَتْ: see art. صغر.5 تكبّر and ↓ استكبر (S, K) and ↓ تكابر (K) He magnified himself; behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolently; (K;) syn. تَعَظَّمَ: (S:) or تكبّر signifies, as used in the Kur, vii. 143, he considered himself as of the most excellent of the creation, and as having rights which others have not: (Zj:) or this verb has two significations: one of them, he did really good and great actions, exceeding the good actions of others; and hence المُتَكَبِّرُ [applied to God] in the Kur, lix. 23: the other, he affected to do such actions, and boasted of great qualities which he did not possess; as do the generality of men; and hence, مُتَكَبِّر in the Kur, xl. 37; and the verb itself in the Kur, vii. 143: and ↓ استكبر is nearly syn. with تكبّر, and likewise has two significations: one of them, he endeavoured, and sought, to become great; and to do so, when the manner and place and time are such as are requisite, is praiseworthy: the other, he boasted of qualities which he did possess, and feigned such qualities; and to do so is blameable; and in this sense the verb is used in the Kur, ii. 32: (El-Basáïr:) and ↓ تكابر signifies he feigned himself great in estimation or rank or dignity, or in age. (A, TA.) b2: تكبّر عَلَى اللّٰهِ He magnified himself against God, by refusing to accept the truth. (El-Basáïr.) b3: [تكبّر عَنْ كَذَا He was disdainful of such a thing; he disdained it; turned from it with disdain; he held himself above it; like تَعَظَّمَ and تَعَاظَمَ and تَجَالَّ and تَرَفَّعَ.]6 تَكَاْبَرَ see 5, in two places.10 إِسْتَكْبَرَ see 4: A2: see also 5, in two places.

كُبْرٌ: see كِبْرٌ, in two senses: A2: and see كِبْرَةٌ in three places.

كِبْرٌ Greatness [in corporeal substance, and in estimation or rank or dignity]. (IKoot, Msb.) b2: Nobility; eminence; highness; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ كُبْرٌ: (K:) eminence, or highness, in, or with respect to, nobility; (K;) as also ↓ كُبُرٌ, with two dammehs. (TA.) b3: I. q. عَظَمَةٌ [which, as an attribute of God, signifies greatness, or majesty, or the like: (see مُنَكَبِّرٌ:) and as an attribute of a man, pride]: (S, Msb, K:) a subst. from التَّكَبُّرُ: (Msb:) as also ↓ كِبْرِيَآءُ; (S, Msb, K;) a word, says Kr, of which there is not the like [in measure], except سِيمِيَآءُ and جِرْبِيَآءُ; for, he adds, as to كِيمِيَآءُ, I think it a foreign word: (TA:) the latter [↓ كِبْرِيَاءُ] occurs as an attribute of God, in the sense of عَظَمَةٌ, (A, Mgh, Jel,) in the Kur, xlv. 36: (Jel:) and as an attribute of men, in the Kur, x. 79, where it is said to signify proud behaviour towards others, (Bd,) or dominion: (IAmb, Bd, Jel:) and both signify pride, haughtiness, or insolence: (K:) or the former, self-admiration, or self-conceit; and the holding one's self greater than others: and the ↓ latter, disdain of submission; an attribute to which none but God has a right. (El-Basáïr.) b4: Unbelief: the association of any other being with God. So in a trad., in which it is said, that he who has in his heart the weight of a grain of mustard-seed of كِبْر shall not enter paradise. (TA.) b5: See also كَبِيرَةٌ.

A2: The main, or greater, or greatest, part of a thing; (Fr. ISk, Az, S, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ كُبْرٌ, (Fr, Mgh, Sgh, K,) like عُظْمٌ; (Fr;) thought by Ibn-ElYezeedee to be a dial. form; but Az says, that the Arabs used the other form [كِبْرٌ]. (TA.) So in the Kur, xxiv. 11, وَالَّذِى تَوَلَّى كِبْرَهُ (Fr, S) And he who took upon himself, or undertook, the main part thereof; namely, of the very wicked lie against 'Áïsheh: (Jel:) thus accord. to the “ Seven Readers ”: and ↓ كُبْرَهُ, which is an extr. reading, (Msb,) the reading of Homeyd Ibn-El-Aaraj, (Fr, Sgh,) and of Yaakoob. (Sgh, Bd.) كُبْرُ سِيَاسَةِ النَّاسِ فِى المَالِ, [app. signifies The main part of men's management is with respect to property, or camels, &c.]. (S.) كَبَرٌ [The caper, or capparis of Linnæus;] a certain plant having thorns; (TA;) an arabicized word, from the Persian [كَبَرْ]; (S;) called in Arabic لَصَفٌ, (Mgh,) or أَصَفٌ: (S, K:) the vulgar say ↓ كُبَّارٌ. (K.) A beverage is described as made of كَبَر and barley: كثر is a mistranscription. (Mgh.) كُبُرٌ: see كِبْرٌ.

كِبَرٌ inf. n. of 1: b2: see also كَبْرَةٌ.

كُبُرٌّ: see كِبْرَةٌ.

كَبْرَةٌ, a subst. from كَبِرَ, (S,) Oldness; age; old age; (S, Msb, K; *) as also ↓ كَبُرَةٌ and ↓ مَكْبَرَةٌ and ↓ مَكبُرَةٌ (K) and ↓ مَكْبِرٌ (S, K) and ↓ كِبَرٌ. (TA.) The last two, the latter of which is the most common of all, are inf. ns. of كَبِرَ.] You say عَلَتْهُ كَبُرَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and كَبُرَةٌ, and مُكْبَرَةٌ, and مَكْبُرَةٌ, (K,) and عَلَاهُ المَكْبِرُ, (S,) or مَكْبِرٌ, (K,) and كِبَرٌ, (TA,) [Age overcame him;] he became old, or advanced in age. (Msb.) عَلَتْهُ كَبْرَةٌ is also said, tropically, of a sword, and of the iron head or blade of a weapon, when it has become old: (TA:) or of an old iron head or blade of a weapon when spoilt by rust. (M, TA.) And كَبْرَةٌ is used by AHn with respect to dates and the like. (L.) [See also an ex. voce حَلْقَةٌ.]

كِبْرَةٌ: see كَبِيرَةٌ.

A2: هُوَ كِبْرَتُهُمْ, (K,) and ↓ كُبُرَّتُهُمْ, (Az, K,) so in the handwriting of AHeyth., (TA,) and ↓ إِكْبِرَّتُهُمْ, and ↓ أَكْبِرَّتُهُمْ, and ↓ كُبْرُهُمْ, and ↓ كُبُرُّهُمْ, (K,) He is the greatest of them (K, TA) in age, or in headship: (TA:) or he is the nearest of them in kin to his chief, or oldest, ancestor; (K, TA;) his intermediate ancestors being fewer in number: (TA:) but some of these epithets are differently explained, as follows:] هٰذَا كِبْرَةُ أَبِيهِ this is the greatest, or oldest, (أَكْبَرُ,) of the children of his father; contr. of صِغْرَةُ أَبِيهِ: (A:) and هُوَ كِبْرَةُ وَلَدِ أَبَوَيْهِ he is the greatest, or oldest, (اكبر,) of the children of his parents: (Ks, Az:) or he is the last of the children of his parents; (Sh, S;) and the like is said of a female, (Sh, ISk, S,) and of a pl. number: (ISk, S:) it is like عِجْزَةُ وَلَدِ أَبَوَيْهِ: (Sh, A'Obeyd, S:) or, accord. to Ks and Az, this last phrase has this meaning; but Az says, that كِبْرَة means otherwise, namely, أَكْبَرُ: (TA:) and فُلَانٌ إِكْبِرَّةُ قَوْمِهِ such a one is the greatest, or oldest, (أَكْبَرُ,) of his people; and the like is said of a female, and of a pl. number: (S:) and قَوْمِهِ ↓ هُوَ كُبْرُ, (S,) or قَوْمِهِ ↓ أَكْبَرُ, and قَوْمِهِ ↓ أُكْبُرُّ, of the measure of أُفْعُلّ, and applied to a woman as to a man, (TA,) he is the nearest of his people in kin to his chief, or oldest, ancestor; (S, TA;) in which sense, قَوْمِهِ ↓ كَانَ كُبْرَ is said of El-'Abbás, in a trad., because there remained not, in his lifetime, any one of the descendants of Háshim more nearly related to him than he: (L:) and in another trad. it is said, الَولآءُ للكُبْرِ (S, Mgh, Msb) the right to the inheritance of the property left by an emancipated slave belongs to the nearest in kin [to the emancipater] (Mgh, Msb) of the sons of the emancipater; (Mgh;) i. e., when a man [who has emancipated a slave] dies, leaving a son and a grandson, the right to the inheritance of the property left by the emancipated slave belongs to the son, not the grandson. (S.) كَبُرَةٌ: see كَبْرَةٌ.

كُبُرَّةٌ: see كِبْرَةٌ.

كِبْرِيَآءُ: see كِبْرٌ.

كِبْرِيتٌ: see art. كبرت.

كُبَارٌ: see كَبِيرٌ.

كَبِيرٌ Great [in body, or corporeal substance, and in estimation or rank or dignity; contr. of صَغِيرٌ, but see عَظِيمٌ]; (S, K;) as also كِبِيرٌ, as asserted by En-Nawawee and others, (TA,) and ↓ كُبَارٌ (S, K) [in an intensive sense, like عُطَامٌ,] and ↓ كَابِرٌ and ↓ كُبَّارٌ: (K:) or the last signifies excessively great: (S, TA:) and كَابِرٌ is an epithat applied to a man, and signifying great in dignity and nobility; (S, TA;) or great and noble; (Msb;) or one overcoming in greatness; (A;) or a lord, or chief; and the greatest, or oldest, ancestor: (AA:) the fem. [of كَبِيرٌ] is with ة: (K:) and the pl. is كِبَارٌ (S, K) and كُبَرَآءُ, applied to men, (TA,) and مَكْبُورَآءُ, (S, * K,) [or rather the last is a quasi-pl. n.,] like مَشْيُوخَآءُ; [see شَيْخٌ;] (TA;) and [of كُبَّارٌ] كُبَّارُونَ. (K.) [See also أَكْبَرُ, and مُتَكَبِّرٌ.] You say تَوَارَثُوا ↓ الْمَجْدَ كَابِرًا عَنْ كَابِرٍ They inherited by degrees dignity, or nobility, one great in dignity and nobility from another great in dignity and nobility: (S:) or one great and noble from another great and noble: (Msb:) or عَنْ is here used in the sense of بَعْدَ [after]: (TA voce طَبَقٌ:) or one overcoming in greatness from another overcoming in greatness. (A.) [In the A and Msb, instead of توارثوا, I find وَرِثُوا.] b2: Great, or advanced, in age; old: (A, Msb, TA:) and also big; meaning full-grown; and adolescent: (see كَبِرَ:) occurring in apposition to بَالِغٌ in art. برك in the S; and often, like بَالِغٌ, when applied to a human being, signifying one who has attained to puberty; opposed to صَغِيرٌ:] fem. with ة: and pl. كِبَارٌ. (Msb.) b3: [Hence,] A teacher, and master: so in the Kur, xx. 74, and xxvi. 48: (Ks:) and the most knowing, or learned, of a people: so in the Kur, xii. 80. (Mujáhid.) b4: Difficult, severe, grievous, distressing, afflictive, troublesome, or burdensome: (TA:) fem. with ة; occurring in this sense in the Kur, ii. 42. (Bd, TA.) [The fem. is often used in the present day as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates, meaning, An affair, or a matter, that is difficult, severe, grievous, &c.] b5: الكَبِيرُ as an epithet applied to God is syn. with العَظِيمُ [signifying The Incomparably-great]. (TA in art. عظم.) كَبِيرَة A foul, or an abominable, sin, or crime, or offence, forbidden by the law, of great magnitude; such as murder and adultery or forni-cation, and fleeing from an army proceeding against an enemy [of the Muslims], &c.; [contr. of صَغِيرَةٌ;] an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: (TA:) and ↓ كِبْرٌ and ↓ كِبْرَةٌ [in like manner] signify a great sin, or crime, or offence, for which one deserves punishment: (M, K:) the ة is to give intensiveness to the signification: (TA:) or ↓ كِبْرٌ signifies [simply] a sin, a crime, or an offence, for which one deserves punishment, [as كَبِيرَةٌ is said, not well, to signify, in the Msb,] and is from كَبِيرَةٌ, like خِطْ from خَطِيْئَةٌ: (TA:) pl. of the first, كَبَائِرُ, (Msb, TA,) and كَبِيرَاتٌ also occurs. (Msb.) b2: And see كَبِيرٌ.

كُبَّارٌ: see كَبِيرٌ: A2: and see كَبَرٌ.

كِبَّارٌ: see 2.

كَابِرٌ: see كَبِيرٌ.

أَكْبَرُ [Greater, and greatest, in body, or corporeal substance, and in estimation or rank or dignity: and] more, or most, advanced in age; older, and oldest: (Msb:) fem. كُبْرَى: (S, Msb:) pl. masc. أَكَابِرُ (S, Msb) and أَكْبَرُونَ; but not كُبْرٌ, because this is of a form specially appropriated to an epithet such as أَسْوَدُ and أَحْمَرُ, and you do not use اكبر in the manner of such an epithet, for you do not say هٰذَا رَجُلٌ أَكْبَرُ, unless you conjoin it with a following word by مِنْ, or prefix to it the article ال: (S:) [but see the phrase دَعَا بِكُبْرِهِ, below:] the pl. fem. is كُبَرٌ (S, Msb, K) and كُبْرَيَاتٌ. (Msb.) b2: أَكْبَرُ is also used in the sense of كَبِيرٌ: (Msb:) accord. to some, اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَر means God is great; (Az, Mgh, Msb;) like as هُوَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْهِ [in the Kur, xxx. 26,] means هُوَ هَيِّنٌ عَلَيْهِ; (Az, TA;) but this explanation is of weak authority: (Mgh:) accord. to others, the phrase is elliptical, and means God is the greatest great [being]: (Az, TA:) or God is greater than every [other] great [being]: (Msb:) or greater than every [other] thing: (Mgh, TA:) or greater than such as that one knows the measure of His majesty: (TA:) [or it may be rendered God is most great, meaning, greater than any other being:] it is considered as elliptical because it is necessary that اكبر should have the article ال, or be followed by a noun in the gen. case [or by the prep. مِنْ]. (TA.) In the phrase اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ كَبِيراً, the word كبيرا is put in the accus. case [as a corroborative] in the place of the inf. n. تَكْبِيراً, as though one said أُكَبِّرُ تَكْبِيرًا [I magnify Him greatly, after saying اللّٰه اكبر]. (TA.) b3: يَوْمُ الحَجِّ الأَكْبَرِ [The day of the greater pilgrimage,] means the day of the sacrifice: or, as some say, the day of 'Arafeh: and others say otherwise. (TA.) b4: In the following words, in a trad. of Mázin, بُعِثَ نَبِىٌّ مِنْ مُضَرَ بِدِينِ اللّٰهِ الكُبَرِ, there is an ellipsis, and the meaning is, بِشَرَئِعِ دِينِ اللّٰهِ الكُبَرِ [A prophet of Mudar hath been sent with the greatest, or greater, or great, ordinances of God]. (TA.) b5: In a trad. respecting burial, وَيُجْعَلُ الْأَكْبَرُ مِمَّا يَلِى الْقِبْلَةَ means, And the most excellent shall be placed towards the Kibleh: or, if they be equal [in dignity], the oldest. (TA.) [Agreeably with the former rendering,] أَكْبَرُ, in the Kur, xxix. 44, is explained as signifying Better. (TA, art. ذكر.) [And agreeably with the second rendering of the above trad.,] you say هٰذَا أَكْبَرُ مِنْ زَيْدٍ, meaning, This is older than Zeyd. (Msb.) b6: In a trad. of Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr, the phrase دَعَا بِكُبْرِهِ means He summoned his sheykhs, and elders, or great men: كُبْر being here [notwithstanding what has been said above,] pl. of أَكْبَرُ, like as حُمْرٌ is pl. of أَحْمَرُ. (TA.) b7: هٰذِهِ الجَارِيَةُ مِنْ كُبْرَى بَنَاتِ فُلَانٍ means, [This girl is of those advanced in age of the daughters of such a one,] مِنْ كِبَارِ بَنَاتِهِ. (Ibn-Buzurj.) b8: هُوَ أَكْبَرُ قَوْمِهِ: see كِبْرَةٌ.

أُكْبُرٌّ: see كِبْرَةٌ.

إِكْبِرَّةٌ and أَكْبِرَّةٌ: see كِبْرَةٌ; the former, in two places.

مَكْبِرٌ: see كَبْرَةٌ.

مَكْبَرَةٌ and مَكْبُرَةٌ: see كَبْبَرةٌ.

هُوَ مُكَابَرٌ عَلَيْهِ He has had it (his property) taken from him by force. (A, TA.) المُتَكَبِّرُ, as an epithet applied to God, signifies The Great in majesty: (A:) or the Most Excellent of beings, who has rights which no other has; the Possessor of power and excellence the like of which no other possesses: (TA:) or He whose acts are really good, exceeding the good acts of any other: (El-Basáïr:) or, as also ↓ الكَبِيرُ, the Majestic: or He who disdains having the attributes of created beings: or He who magnifies Himself against the proud and exorbitant among his creatures: the ت in the former word is to denote individuation, not endeavour. (TA.)

صور

1 صَارَهُ, aor. ـُ (S, M, K,) inf. n. صَوْرٌ, (M, K,) He made it (a thing, M, K, or, as some say, specially the neck, M) to incline, or lean; (S, M, K;) as also صارهُ, aor. ـِ (S;) and ↓ اصارهُ: (S, M, Msb, K:) or he demolished it threw it down, or pulled it down to the ground; as also ↓ اصارهُ. (K.) One says, of a man, يَصُورْ عُنُقَهُ

إِلَى الشَّىْءِ He inclines his neck to the thing. (Lth.) And صُرْتُ إِلَىَّ الشَّىْءَ, and ↓ أَصَرْتُهُ, I inclined, or bent, the thing to, or towards, me. (El-Ahmar.) And صُرْتُ الغُصْنَ لِأَجْتَنِىَ الثَّمَرَ [I inclined, or bent, the branch, that I might pluck, or gather, the fruit]. (A.) And قُلُوبٌ لَا تَصُورُهَا الأَرْحَامُ (assumed tropical:) [Hearts which the ties of relationship do not incline]. (TA, from a trad.) فَصُرْهُنَّ إِلَيْكَ, in the Kur [ii. 262], means and turn them towards thee; and so فَصِرْهُنَّ: (Akh, S, M:) but the former is the more common reading: this is the meaning commonly known, of each reading: though Lh says that the former means as above, and the latter means cut them, and divide them, in pieces; (M;) and some thus explain the former, making a transposition in the verse, as though the words were thus, فَخُذْ إِلَيْكَ

أَرْبَعَةً مِنَ الطَّّيْرِ فَصُرْهُنَّ. (S.) One says also, صُرْ إِلَىَّ, and صُرْ وَجْهَكَ إِلَىَّ, Turn thou thy face towards me. (Akh, S.) And صَارَ وَجْهَهُ, aor. ـُ (M, K,) and يَصِيرُ, (K,) He turned his face towards a person or thing. (M, K.) And هُوَ يَصُورَ مَعْرُوفَهُ إِلَى النَّاسِ (tropical:) [He turns his beneficence towards men]. (TA.) b2: [Agreeably with a statement cited above, it is said that] صَارَهُ, aor. as above, (S, K,) and so the inf. n., (TA,) signifies also He dissected it; or cut it, or divided it, in pieces. (S, K, TA.) b3: And hence, (TA,) صَارَ الحُكْمَ (assumed tropical:) He (the judge, A, TA) decided the judgment. (S, * A, TA.) b4: [Freytag states, on the authority of the Kitáb el-Addád, that صار, aor. as above, has two contr. significations: He separated, or dispersed: b5: and He collected.] b6: See also 2.

A2: صَارَ also signifies He (a man, M) uttered a cry, or sound. (M, K.) A3: صَوِرَ, (M, A, K,) [aor. ـْ inf. n. صَوَرٌ, (S, M, A,) He, (Lth,) or it, (a thing, M, Msb, K, or a man's neck, M, A, *) inclined, or leaned; (Lth, S, * M, A, K;) as also ↓ انصار: (S, M, Msb, K: *) it bent; or was, or became, crooked. (A.) One says, فِى عُنُقِهِ صَوَرٌ In his neck is an inclining; and a bending, or crookedness. (A.) b2: And صَوَرٌ as an attribute of a man signifies also (tropical:) An inclining, or inclination; (S;) a desiring, or desire. (S, Msb.) 2 صوّر [inf. n. تَصْوِيرٌ,] He formed, fashioned, figured, shaped, sculptured, or pictured, him, or it; (S, M, K;) and ↓ تصوّر signifies the same; (Msb, and Bd in iii. 4;) and so does ↓ صار, accord. to Aboo-'Alec, in the saying, بَنَاهُ وَصَلَّبَ فِيهِ وَصَارَا [Which (referring to a church) he has built, and in which he has made a cross, or crosses, and has made sculptured, or painted, work]. (M.) One says, صَوَّرَهُ اللّٰهُ صُورَةً حَسَنَةً [God formed him a goodly, or beautiful, form]. (S.) b2: See also 5, in two places.4 أَصْوَرَ see 1, in three places.5 تصوّر He, or it, was, or became, formed, fashioned, figured, shaped, sculptured, or pictured. (S, M, K, TA.) b2: And [hence,] تصوّر لِى

[and لِى ↓ صُوِّرَ, like تَخَيَّلَ لِى and خُيِّلَ لِى,] It appeared to my mind, or imagination, (S, Msb,) as an image, or a picture. (Msb.) A2: See also 2. b2: [Hence,] تصوّر شَيْئًا He imagined a thing; imaged it in the mind; as also ↓ صوّرهُ; [like تَخَيَّلَهُ and خَيَّلَهُ;] he imagined, or conceived, the form of the thing. (S.) [تَصَوُّرٌ in logic signifies The forming of an idea; conception, perception, or apprehension; sometimes qualified by the epithet سَاذَجٌ i. e. simple.]

A3: Also He (being pierced with a spear or the like) inclined, to fall: (S:) or he (being struck) fell: (M, K:) or he, or it, fell, or alighted. (TA.) 7 اِنْصَارَ: see صَوِرَ. b2: Also It (a thing) became demolished, and cut, or divided, in pieces: (O:) it (a mountain) became demolished, and fell: (Sgh, TA:) it cracked, and split. (TA.) 8 اصطارهُ He doubled it, or folded it; or he bent it; syn. ثَنَاهُ. (O.) صَارٌ: see صَيِّرٌ, below, in two places.

صَوْرٌ Small palm-trees: (M, K:) or a collection of small palm-trees: (S, M, K:) a word having no proper sing.: (S, M:) [but see صَوْرَةٌ:] pl. صِيرَانٌ: (Sh, M, K:) and other trees: pl. as above. (Sh, TA.) b2: Also The root of a palmtree, (M, K,) or of a palm-trunk. (M.) b3: and The bank, or side, of a river or rivulet. (M, K.) b4: And The side of the neck. (O, * K, * TA. [In the CK, واللِّيتِ is erroneously put for وَاللِّيتُ.]) b5: And The forelock: so in the saying of a rájiz, كَأَنَّ عُرْفًا مَائِلًا مِنْ صَوْرِهِ [As though a mane inclining from his forelock]. (S.) صُورٌ A horn: (S, M:) and a horn in which one blows: (S, M, K:) so in the Kur [vi. 73, &c.], يَوْمَ يُنْفَخُ فِى الصُّورِ [i. e. On the day when the horn shall be blown in]: El-Kelbee says, I know not what is الصور: and it is said to be pl. of صُورَةٌ, like as بُسْرٌ is of بُسْرَةٌ; [or rather a coll. gen. n., of which صُورَةٌ is the n. un.;] i. e., [the phrase means] when the souls shall be blown into the forms of the dead: and El-Hasan read فِى الصُّوَرِ: (S, L, TA:) this is related on the authority of AO; but AHeyth asserts him to have said wrong. (L, TA.) صَوَرٌ inf. n. of صَوِرَ [q. v.]. (M, A.) b2: Also An itching (أُكَالٌ) in the head. (IAar, TA.) [See also صَوْرَةٌ.]

صَارَةٌ The head, (O,) or the upper, or uppermost, part, (K,) of a mountain: (O, K:) and صُؤَيْرَةٌ [with ء] has been heard from the Arabs as its dim. (TA.) A2: See also صِوَارٌ.

صَوْرَةٌ (tropical:) An inclination, or a desire. (TA.) Yousay, أَرَى لَكَ إِلَيْهِ صَوْرَةً (tropical:) I see thee to have a loving inclination to him. (A.) And مَا بِى إِلَيْهَا صَوْرَةٌ (tropical:) I have not any inclination to, or desire for, her. (TA, from a trad.) b2: And An itching, or itch, (حِكَّة,) in the head: (A:) or an affection like حِكَّة in a man's head, occasioning a desire to be loused. (S, M, K.) [See also صَوَرٌ.]

A2: And A palm-tree. (IAar.) [See also صَوْرٌ.]

صُورَةٌ Form, fashion, figure, shape, or semblance; syn. شَكْلٌ, (M, K,) and مِثَالٌ; (Msb;) the external state of a thing; (IAth;) that whereby a thing is sensibly distinguished by men in general, and even by many other animate beings, from other things; as the صورة of a man, and of a horse, and of an ass. (B.) b2: And An effigy; an image, or a statue; a picture; anything that is formed, fashioned, figured, or shaped, after the likeness of any of God's creatures, animate or inanimate: it is said that the maker of an effigy, or image, will be punished on the day of resurrection, and will be commanded to put life into it; and that the angels will not enter a house in which is a صورة. (Mgh.) [See also تَصَاوِيرُ.] b3: [Hence, A mental image; or a resemblance, of any object, formed, or conceived, by the mind; an idea: a meaning of frequent occurrence in philosophical works &c.] b4: And Species; syn. نَوْعٌ. (K.) b5: And The essence of a thing; that by being which a thing is what it is; or the property, or quality, or the aggregate of properties or qualities, whereby a thing is what it is; syn. حَقِيقَةٌ: (IAth:) [specific character;] that whereby a thing is mentally distinguished by particular persons, not by the vulgar, from other things; as the صورة by which a man is specially distinguished, consisting in reason and thought and other distinctive attributes: (B:) a quality, an attribute, a property; or a description, as meaning the aggregate of the qualities or attributes or properties, of a thing; or the state, condition, or case, of a thing; syn. صِفَةٌ: (IAth, Msb, K:) as when you say, صُورَةُ الأَمْرِ كَذَا [The quality, &c., of the thing is of such a kind]: (IAth, Msb:) and صُورَةُ المَسْأَلَةِ كَذَا [The description, statement, or form, of the question is of such a kind]: (Msb:) and so in the saying of the Prophet, أَتَانِى اللَّيْلَةَ رَبِّى فِى

أَحْسَنِ صُورَةٍ [My Lord came to me to-night in a most goodly state]; or صورة may here refer to the Prophet, and may mean external state, or manner of being, or condition. (IAth.) b6: And The mode, or manner, of an action. (IAth.) b7: The pl. is صُوَرٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and صِوَرٌ and صُورٌ; (S, M, K;) the second of which is rare, and by some disallowed. (MF.) b8: The saying of the Prophet خَلَقَ اللّٰهُ آدَمَ عَلَى صُورَتِهِ may mean that God created Adam in the صورة [or form &c.] that He, namely, God, originated and ordained; or in the صورة proper to him, namely, Adam. (M.) b9: صُورَةٌ signifies also The face: so in a trad. cited voce مُحَرَّمٌ; in which it is said that the صورة is pronounced sacred, i. e. that it is not to be slapped: and in another, in which it is said that the Prophet disliked marking the صورة with a hot iron. (TA.) صُوَارٌ: see the next paragraph, in four places.

صِوَارٌ A herd of [wild] bulls or cows; (S, M, Msb, K;) as also ↓ صُوَارٌ and ↓ صِيَارٌ [the latter in the CK written صِيّار] and ↓ صُوَّارٌ [in some copies of the K erroneously written صُوَار, which, as observed in the TA, is a repetition]: (M, K, TA:) pl. of the first (S, M) and second and third (M) صِيرَانٌ. (S, M.) A2: Also A sweet odour; and so ↓ صُوَارٌ. (M, K.) b2: And A vesicle (وِعَآء) of musk; (S, Msb;) as also ↓ صُوَارٌ, (Msb,) and ↓ صِيَارٌ, (S,) and ↓ صَارَةٌ [also] signifies [the same, i. e.] a فَارَة or فَأْرَة of musk: (O, K:) or صِوَارٌ and ↓ صُوَارٌ signify a small quantity of musk: (M, K:) or a piece, or portion, thereof: (M:) and صِوَارٌ signifies also musk [itself]: (TA:) pl. أَصْوِرَةٌ. (M, K.) [Said in the M to be Pers\.]

A3: الصِّوَارَانِ The two corners of the mouth; (O, K;) called by the vulgar الصَّوَّارَيْن, (O, TA,) or الصَّوَارَيْن (O in art. صمغ.) صِيَارٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

صُؤَيْرَةٌ [with ء] a dim. of صَارَةٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) صَيِّرٌ Goodly in صُورَة [i. e. form &c.]; (Fr, S, K;) as also ↓ صَارٌ. (TA in art. شور.) One says رَجُلٌ صَيِّرٌ شَيِّرٌ (Fr, S) and شَارٌ ↓ صَارٌ (TA ubi suprà) A man goodly in صورة [or form &c.] and in شَارَة [i. e. appearance or apparel &c.]. (Fr, S.) [See also شَيِّرٌ in art. شور.]

صَوَّارٌ A sparrow (عُصْفُورٌ) that answers when called. (S, M, K. *) صُوَّارٌ: see صِوَارٌ, first sentence.

أَصْوَرُ Inclining: (M, K:) pl. صُورٌ. (M.) One says رَجُلٌ أَصْوَرُ A man having an inclining, or a bending, or crooked, neck. (A.) And هُوَ أَصْوَرُ

إِلَى كَذَا He is inclining his neck and face towards such a thing. (A.) b2: [And hence,] (assumed tropical:) Having an inclination, or a desire, (S, M, Msb,) to, or for, (إِلَى,) a friend, or an object of love. (M.) تَصَاوِيرُ [pl. of تَصْوِيرٌ and تَصْوِيرَةٌ] Effigies, images, or statues; pictures; and the like. (S, Mgh.) [See also صُورَةٌ.]

مُصَوِّرٌ [A sculptor; and a painter, or limner, or the like]. المُصَوِرُ as an epithet of God, The Former, or Fashioner, of all existing things, who hath established them, and given to every one of them a special form and a particular manner of being whereby it is distinguished, with their variety and multitude. (TA.)

عمش

1 عَمِشَ, (S, TA,) aor. ـَ (TA,) inf. n. عَمَشٌ, (S, A, O, K,) He (a man, S, TA) was weak in sight, (S, A, O, K,) and generally, or at most times, shedding tears. (S, O, K.) And عَمِشَتِ العَيْنُ, aor. and inf. n. as above, The eye was generally, or at most times, shedding tears, and weak in sight. (Msb.) b2: Hence, (A,) عَمِشَ فِيهِ, said of speech, (assumed tropical:) It produced a good effect upon him. (A, O, K.) And فُلَانٌ لَا تَعْمَشُ فِيهِ المَوْعِظَةُ (assumed tropical:) Such a one, exhortation produces no good effect upon him. (A, O.) Both of these are chaste phrases; for when exhortation produces an effect upon a man, it becomes as though it were weaksighted, seeing nothing to amend in him. (A.) 2 تَعْمِيشٌ The removing of [the weakness of sight termed] عَمَش [inf. n. of عَمِشَ, q. v.]. (O, K.) 10 استعمشهُ He deemed him foolish, or stupid, (O, K, TA,) or, as in the Tekmileh, ignorant: (TA:) but this is post-classical. (O, TA.) أَعْمَشُ A man weak in sight, and generally, or at most times, shedding tears: fem. عَمْشَآءُ: (S, Msb:) pl. عُمْشٌ; (Msb, TA;) which is also applied to camels: (TA:) or disordered in the eye; whose eyes are dim, or watery; and أَغْمَصُ signifies the like. (L, TA.)

بيض

1 بَاضَهُ, (S, K,) first Pers\. بِضْتُ, (M,) aor. ـِ for which one should not say يَبُوضُ, [though it would be agreeable with a general rule respecting verbs denoting surpassingness,] (S, O,) He surpassed him in whiteness. (S, M, O, K.) A2: بَاضَتْ, (S, M, Msb, K, except that in the M and Msb we find the masc. form, بَاضَ, followed by الطَّائِرُ,) aor. ـِ (Msb,) inf. n. بَيْضٌ, (M, Msb,) said of an ostrich, (M,) or a hen, (K,) or any bird, (S, M, Msb,) and the like, (Msb,) She laid her eggs, (M, Msb, TA,) or egg. (Msb.) b2: بَاضَ السَّحَابُ (tropical:) The clouds rained. (IAar, O, K.) A poet says, [using a phrase from which this application of the verb probably originated,] بَاضَ النَّعَامُ بِهِ فَنَفَّرَ أَهْلَهُ

إِلَّا المُقِيمَ عَلَى الدَّوَى المُتَأَفِّنِ (IAar,) i. e. (tropical:) The نعام, meaning the نَعَائِم, [or Twentieth Mansion of the Moon,] sent down rain upon it, and so put to flight its occupants, except him who remained incurring the risk of dying from disease, wasting away: [the last word being in the gen. case, by poetic license, because the next before it is in that case; like خَرِبٍ in the phrase هٰذَا جُحْرُ ضَبٍّ خَرِبٍ:] the poet is describing a valley rained upon and in consequence producing herbage; for the rain of the asterism called النعائم is in the hot season, [when that asterism sets aurorally, (see مَنَازِلُ القَمَرِ, in art. نزل,)] whereupon there grows, at the roots of the حَلِىّ, a plant called نَشْر, which is poisonous, killing beasts that eat of it: the verse is explained as above by El-Mohellebee: (IB:) or, as IAar says, the poet means rain that falls at the نَوْء [by which we are here to understand the setting aurorally] of النعائم; and that when this rain falls, the wise flees and the stupid remains. (O.) b3: بَاضَ بِالمَكَانِ (tropical:) He remained, stayed, or abode, in the place [like as a bird does in the place where she lays her eggs]. (O, K.) b4: بَاضَتِ الأَرْضُ (assumed tropical:) The earth produced كَمْأَة [or truffles, which are thus likened to eggs]: (A, TA:) or (assumed tropical:) the earth produced the plants that it contained: or (assumed tropical:) it became changed in its greenness to yellowness, and scattered the fruit, or produce, and dried up. (M, TA.) b5: بَاضَ الحَرُّ (tropical:) The heat became vehement, or intense. (S, A, K.) A3: بَاضَ القَوْمَ; &c.: see 8, in three places.2 بيّض, (S, M, K,) inf. n. تَبْيِضٌ, (S,) He whitened a thing; made it white; (S, M;) contr. of سَوَّدَ. (K.) He bleached clothes. (M.) [He whitewashed a wall &c. He tinned a copper vessel or the like.] You say, بَيَّضَ اللّٰهُ وَجْهَهُ [lit., God whitened his face: or may God whiten his face: meaning (tropical:) God rendered his face expressive of joy, or cheerfulness; or rejoiced, or cheered, him: or may God &c.: and also God cleared his character; or manifested his honesty, or the like: or may God &c.: see the contr. سَوَّدَ]. (TA.) And بيّض لَهُ [He left a blank space for it; namely, a word or sentence or the like: probably post-classical]. (TA in art. شمس; &c.) b2: [He wrote out fairly, after having made a first rough draught: in this sense, also, opposed to سَوَّدَ: probably post-classical.] b3: (tropical:) He filled a vessel: (M, A, K: *) or he filled a vessel, and a skin, with water and milk. (S, O.) b4: And (tropical:) He emptied (A, K) a vessel: (A:) thus it bears two contr. significations. (K.) 3 بايضهُ, (S, M,) inf. n. مُبَايَضَةٌ, (TA,) He contended with him for superiority in whiteness. (S, M.) b2: بَايَضَنِى فُلَانٌ (tropical:) Such a one acted openly with me; syn. جَاهَرَنِى: from النَّهَارِ ↓ بَيَاضُ [the whiteness of day, or daylight]. (A, TA.) 4 أَبْيَضَتْ and أَبَاضَتْ She (a woman) brought forth white children: and in like manner one says of a man [أَبْيَضَ and أَبَاضَ, meaning He begat white children]. (M, TA.) b2: See also 9, in two places.8 ابتاض He (a man, S) put upon himself a بَيْضَة [or helmet] (S, K, TA) of iron. (TA.) A2: ابتاضهُمْ He entered into their بَيْضَة [or territory, &c.]: (A, TA:) and ابتاضوا القَوْمَ They exterminated the people, or company of men; they extirpated them; (M, K; *) as also ↓ بَاضُوهُمْ: (M:) and اُبْتِيضُوا [originally اُبْتُيِضُوا; in the CK, incorrectly, ابتَيَضُوا;] They were exterminated, or extirpated, (K, TA,) and their بَيْضَة [or quarter, &c.,] was given up to be plundered: (TA:) and اِبْتَضْنَاهُمْ We smote their بيضة [or collective body, &c.,] and took all that belonged to them by force; as also ↓ بِضْنَاهُمْ: and ↓ بِيضَ الحَىُّ The tribe was so smitten &c. (TA.) 9 ابيضّ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and, by poetic license, اِبْيَضَضَّ, [of which see an ex. voce خَفَضَ, and see also 9 in art. حو,] (M, TA,) inf. n. اِبْيِضَاضٌ, (S, Msb,) It was, or became, white; (S, M, Msb;) contr. of اِسْوَدَّ; (K;) as also ↓ ابياضّ, inf. n. اِبْيِيضَاضٌ;. (S;) contr. of اِسْوَادَّ; (K;) and ↓ أَبَاضَ: which ↓ last also signifies it (herbage or pasture) became white, and dried up. (M, TA.) [You say also, ابيضّ وَجْهُهُ, lit., His face became white: meaning (tropical:) his face became expressive of joy, or cheerfulness; or he became joyful, or cheerful: and also his character became cleared; or his honesty, or the like, became manifested: see 2.]11 إِبْيَاْضَّ see 9.

بَيْضٌ: see بَيْضَةٌ, in three places.

بَيْضَةٌ An egg (Msb) of an ostrich, (Mgh,) and of any bird, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and the like, i. e. of anything that is termed صَمُوخٌ [or having merely an ear-hole] as distinguished from such as is termed أَذُونٌ [or having an ear that is called أُذُنٌ]: so called because of its whiteness: (TA:) n. un. of ↓ بَيْضٌ: (S, M, * Msb, K:) pl. [of the former] بَيْضَاتٌ (M, Sgh, K) and بَيَضَاتٌ, which latter is irreg., (M, Sgh,) and only used by poetic license; (Sgh;) and (of بَيْضٌ, M) بُيُوضٌ. (M, K.) You say, أَفْرَخَتِ البَيْضَةُ The egg had in it a young bird. (ISh.) And أَفْرَخَ بَيْضَةُ القَوْمِ (assumed tropical:) What was hidden, of the affair, or case, of the people, or company of men, became apparent. (ISh.) [See also art. فرخ.] بَيْضَةُ البَلَدِ signifies The egg which the ostrich abandons. (S, M, K.) And hence the saying, هُوَ أَذَلُّ مِنْ بَيْضَةِ البَلَدِ (tropical:) He is more abject, or vile, than the egg of the ostrich which it abandons (S, A, * K) in the desert. (TA.) You say also, هُوَ بَيْضَةُ البَلَدِ in dispraise and in praise. (IAar, Aboo-Bekr, M.) When said in dispraise, it means (tropical:) He is like the egg of the ostrich from which the young bird has come forth, and which the male ostrich has cast away, so that men and camels tread upon it: (IAar, M:) or he is alone, without any to aid him; like the egg from which the male ostrich has arisen, and which he has abandoned as useless: (TA:) or he is an obscure man, or one of no reputation, whose lineage is unknown. (Ham p. 250.) And when said in praise, it means (tropical:) He is like the ostrich's egg in which is the young bird; because the male ostrich in that case protects it: (IAar, M:) or he is unequalled in nobility; like the egg that is left alone: (M:) or he is a lord, or chief: (IAar, M:) or he is the unequalled of the بَلَد [or country or the like], to whom others resort, and whose words they accept: (K:) or he is a celebrated, or wellknown, person. (Ham p. 250.) [See also art. بلد. And for another meaning of بَيْضَةُ البَلَدِ see below.] b2: (tropical:) A helmet of iron, (AO, S, * M, * Mgh, * K, *) which is composed of plates like the bones of the skull, the edges whereof are joined together by nails; and sometimes of one piece: (AO:) so called because resembling in shape the egg of an ostrich: (AO, M, Mgh: *) in this sense, also, n. un. of ↓ بَيْضٌ. (S, K: [in the CK, for والحَدِيدُ we should read والحَدِيدِ.]) This may be meant in a trad. in which it is said that a man's hand is to be cut off for his stealing a بَيْضَة. (Mgh.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A testicle: (S, K:) pl. بِيضَانٌ. (TA.) b4: (tropical:) The bulb of the saffron-plant [&c.]: as resembling an egg in shape. (Mgh.) b5: (assumed tropical:) [A tuber: for the same reason.] b6: (assumed tropical:) A kind of grape of Et-Táïf, white and large. (M.) b7: (tropical:) The core of a boil: as resembling an egg. (M.) b8: (tropical:) The fat of a camel's hump: for the same reason. (M.) b9: بَيْضَةُ البَلَدِ, in addition to its meanings mentioned above, also signifies (assumed tropical:) The white truffle: (O, K:) or simply truffles; syn. الكَمْأَةُ; (TA;) or these are called الأَرْضِ ↓ بَيْضُ. (A.) b10: بَيْضَةٌ also signifies (tropical:) The continent, or container, or receptacle, (حَوْزَة,) of anything. (S, K, TA.) and [hence] بَيْضَةُ الإِسْلَامِ (tropical:) The place [or territory] which comprises El-Islám [meaning the Muslims]; like as the egg comprises the young bird: (Mgh:) or this signifies the congregation, or collective body, of the Muslims. (Az, M.) And بَيْضَةُ القَوْمِ (tropical:) The quarter, tract, region, or district, of the people, or company of men: (S, K:) the heart; or midst, or main part, of the abode thereof: (S, TA:) the principal place of abode (أَصْل) thereof; (M, TA;) the place that comprises them; the place of their government, or regal dominion; and the seat of their دعوة [i. e. دِعْوَة or kindred and brotherhood]: (TA:) the midst of them: (M:) or, as some say, their [kinsfolk such as are termed]

عَشِيرَة: (TA:) but when you say, أَتَاهُمُ العَدُوُّ فِى

بَيْضَتِهِمْ, the meaning is [the enemy came to them in] their principal place of abode (أَصْل), and the place where they were congregated. (TA.) and بَيْضَةُ الدَّارِ (tropical:) The midst of the country or place of abode or the like: (Az, M, TA:) the main part thereof. (TA.) And بَيْضَةُ المُلْكِ i. q. حَوْزَتُهُ (assumed tropical:) [The seat of regal power: or the heart, or principal part, of the kingdom]. (S and K in art. حوز.) b11: بَيْضَةُ الخِدْرِ (M, A, K) (tropical:) The damsel (M, K) of the خدر [or curtain &c.]: (K: [in the CK, جَارِيَتُهَا is erroneously put for جَارِيَتُهُ:]) because she is kept concealed within it. (TA.) You say also, هِىَ مِنْ بَيْضَاتِ الحِجَالِ (tropical:) [She is of the damsels of the curtained bridal canopies]. (A, TA.) بَيْضَةٌ is used by a metonymy to signify (tropical:) A woman, by way of likening her thereto [i. e. to an egg] in colour, and in respect of her being protected as beneath the wing. (B.) [See Kur xxxvii. 47.] b12: بَيْضَةٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) White land, in which is no herbage; opposed to سَوْدَةٌ: (TA:) and ↓ بِيضَةٌ, with kesr, white, smooth land; (K;) thus accord. to IAar, with kesr to the ب: (Sh:) and ↓ أَرْضٌ بَيْضَآءُ signifies smooth land, in which is no herbage; as though herbage blackened land: or untrodden land: as also بَيْضَةٌ. (M.) b13: بَيْضَةُ النَّهَارِ The whiteness of day; [daylight;] i. q. ↓ بَيَاضُهُ; (K;) i. e. its light. (Har p. 222.) Yousay, أَتَيْتُهُ فِى بَيْضَةِ النَّهَارِ I came to him in the whiteness of day. (TA.) b14: بَيْضَةُ الحِرِّ (assumed tropical:) The vehemence, or intenseness, of heat. (M.) And بَيْضَةُ القَيْظِ (tropical:) The most vehement, or intense, heat of summer, or of the hottest period of summer, from the [auroral] rising of الدَّبَرَان to that of سُهَيْل; [i. e., reckoning for the commencement of the era of the Flight, in central Arabia, from about the 26th of May to about the 4th of August, O. S.;] (A, * TA;) as also القَيْظِ ↓ بَيْضَآءُ. (A, TA.) And بَيْضَةُ الصَّيْفِ (assumed tropical:) The main part of the صيف [or summer]: (M, TA:) or the vehement, or intense, heat thereof. (Ham p. 250.) بَيضَةٌ: see بَيْضَةٌ, in the latter part of the paragraph.

بَيَاضٌ Whiteness; contr. of سَوَادٌ; in an animal, and in a plant, and in other things; and, accord. to IAar, in water also; (M;) the colour of that which is termed أَبْيَضُ: (S, Msb, * K:) they said بَيَاضٌ and ↓ بَيَاضَةٌ, (S, M, K,) like as they said مَنْزِلٌ and مَنْزِلَةٌ: (S:) بَيَاضَةٌ being applied to a whiteness in the eye. (M.) You say, هٰذَا أَشَدُّ بَيَاضًا مِنْ كَذَا [This is whiter than such a thing]: (S, K: *) but not ↓ أَبْيَضُ منْهُ: (S:) the latter is anomalous; (K;) [like أَسْوَدُ مِنْهُ; q. v.;] but it was said by the people of El-Koofeh, (S, K,) who adduced as authority the saying of the rájiz, جَارِيَةٌ فِى دِرْعِهَا الفَضْفَاضِ

أَبْيَضُ مِنْ أُخْتِ بَنِى إِبَاضِ [A damsel in her ample shift, whiter than the sister of the tribe of Benoo-Ibád]: Mbr, however, says that an anomalous verse is no evidence against a rule commonly approved: and as to the saying of another, إِذَا الرِّجَالُ شَتَوْا وَاشْتَدَّ أَكْلُهُمُ فَأَنْتَ أَبْيَضُهُمْ سِرْبَالَ طَبَّاخِ [When men experience dearth in winter, and their eating becomes vehement, thou art the whitest of them, or rather the white of them, in respect of cook's clothing, having little or nothing to do with entertaining them], the word in question may be considered as an epithet of the measure أَفْعَلُ that is followed by مِنْ to denote excess: but it is only like the instances in the sayings هُوَ أَحْسَنُهُمْ وَجْهًا and أَكْرَمُهُمْ أَبًا, meaning حَسَنُهُمْ وَجْهًا and كَرِيِمُهُمْ

أَبًا; so it is as though he said فَأَنْتَ مُبْيَضُّهُمْ سِرْبَالًا; and as he has prefixed it to a complement which it governs in the gen. case, what follows is in the accus. case as a specificative. (S.) This latter verse is by Tarafeh, who satirizes therein 'Amr Ibn-Hind; and is also differently related in respect of the first hemistich, and the first word of the second. (L, TA.) b2: بَيَاضُ النَّهَارِ: see 3; and see بَيْضَةٌ, near the end of the paragraph. b3: بَيَاضٌ is also used elliptically for ذُو بَيَاضٍ; and thus means (assumed tropical:) White clothing; as in the saying, فُلَانٌ يَلْبَسُ السَّوَادَ وَالبَيَاضَ Such a one wears black and white clothing. (Mgh.) [Hence, also, it has other significations, here following.] b4: (assumed tropical:) Milk. (K.) See an ex., voce سَوَادٌ. b5: [(assumed tropical:) The white of an egg.] b6: بَيَاضُ الأَرْضِ (assumed tropical:) That part of land wherein is no cultivation nor population and the like. (M.) b7: بَيَاضُ الجِلْدِ (assumed tropical:) That part of the skin upon which is no hair. (M.) b8: (tropical:) بَيَاضٌ also signifies (tropical:) A man's person; like سَوَادٌ; syn. شَخْصٌ; as in the saying, لَا يُزَايِلُ سَوَادِى بَيَاضَكَ (tropical:) My person will not separate itself from thy person. (As, A, TA.) بَيُوضٌ A hen that lays many eggs; (S, M, A, * K; *) as also ↓ بَيَّاضَةٌ: (M:) [but in the Msb it is evidently used as signifying simply oviparous:] pl. (of the former, S, M *) بُيُضٌ (S, M, A, K) and بِيضٌ, (S, M, K,) the latter in the dial. of those who say رُسْلٌ for رُسُلٌ, the ب being with kesr in order that the ى may remain unchanged; (S, M;) but sometimes they said بُوضٌ. (M.) بَيَاضَةٌ: see بَيَاضٌ.

بَائِضٌ A hen, (Az, K,) or bird, (S, Msb,) and the like, (Msb,) laying an egg or eggs: (Az, S, * Msb, K: *) without ة because the cock does not lay eggs: (Az, TA:) or it is applied also to a cock, (M, TA,) and to a crow, (M, A, TA,) [as meaning begetting an egg or eggs,] in like manner as one uses the word وَالِدٌ. (M, TA.) بَيَّاضٌ A bleacher of clothes; as a kind of rel. n.; not as a verbal epithet; for were it this, it would be مُبَيِّضٌ. (M.) b2: A seller of eggs. (M.) b3: بَيَّاضَةٌ: see بَيُوضٌ.

أَبْيَضُ White; contr. of أَسْوَدُ; (A, K;) having whiteness: (Msb:) fem. بَيْضَآءُ: (Msb:) pl. بِيضٌ, originally بُيْضٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the damm being converted into kesr in order that the ى may remain unchanged, (S, K,) [i. e.] to suit the ى. (Msb.) In the phrase أَعْطِنِى أَبْيَضَّهْ, mentioned by Sb, as used by some of the Arabs, meaning أَبْيَضَ, [i. e. Give thou to me a white one,] ه is subjoined as it is in هُنَّهْ for هُنَّ, and the ض is doubled because the letter of declinability cannot have ه subjoined to it; wherefore the letter of declinability is the first ض, and the second is the augmentative, and for this reason it has subjoined to it the ه whereof the purpose is to render plainly perceivable the vowel [which is necessarily added after the doubled ض]: Aboo-'Alee says, [app. of the ه,] that it should properly have neither fet-h nor any vowel. (M.) b2: Applied to a man &c., it was sometimes used to signify White in complexion: but in this sense they generally used the epithet أَحْمَرُ. (IAth, TA in art. حمر.) They also said, فُلَانٌ أَبْيَضُ الوَجْهِ and فُلَانَةُ بَيْضَآءُ الوَجْهِ, meaning Such a man, and such a woman, is clear, in face, from freckles or the like, and unseemly blackness. (Az, TA.) And they used بِيضَانٌ, (S, K,) a pl. of أَبْيَضُ, (TA,) in the contr. of the sense of سُودَانٌ, (S, K,) [i. e. as signifying Whites,] applied to men: (S:) though they applied the appellation أَبُو البَيْضَآءِ to the Abyssinian: (TA in art. عور:) or to the negro: and أَبُو الجَوْنِ to the white man. (ISk.) But accord. to Th, أَبْيَضُ applied to a man signifies only (tropical:) Pure; free from faults: (IAth, TA in art. حمر:) or, so applied, unsullied in honour, nobility, or estimation; (Az, K;) free from faults; and generous: and so بَيْضَآءُ applied to a woman. (Az.) [In the lexicons, however, (see, for ex., among countless other instances, an explanation of بَضَّةٌ in the S,) and in other post-classical works, it is generally used, when thus applied, in its proper sense, of White; or fair in complexion.] b3: كَتِيبَةٌ بَيْضَآءُ An army, or a portion thereof, upon which the whiteness of the [arms or armour of] iron is apparent. (M.) b4: And بَيْضَآءُ alone, [as a subst.,] A piece of paper [without writing]. (Har p. 311.) b5: الأَبْيَضُ The sword: (S, A, K:) because of its whiteness: (TA:) pl. بِيضٌ. (S.) b6: Silver: (A, K:) because of its whiteness: like as gold is called الأَحْمَرُ [because of its redness]. (TA.) b7: The saliva (رضاب) of the mouth. (Ham p. 348.) b8: A certain star in the margin of the milky way. (A, K.) b9: البَيْضَآءُ The sun: because of its whiteness. (M.) b10: Waste, or uncultivated, or uninhabited, land: (K, * TA: [in the CK الجِرابُ is erroneously put for الخَرَابُ:]) opposed to السَّوْدَآءُ: because dead lands are white; and when planted, become black and green. (TA.) See also بَيْضَةٌ, near the end. b11: Wheat: (K:) as also السَّمْرَآءُ. (TA.) b12: Fresh [grain of the kind called] سُلْت. (El-Khattábee, K.) b13: A certain kind of wood; that which is called الحَوَرُ: (K in art. حور:) because of its whiteness. (TA in that art.) [See حَوَرٌ.]

b14: The cooking-pot; as also أُمُّ بَيْضَآءَ. (AA, K.) b15: The snare with which one catches game. (IAar, K.) b16: الأَبْيَضَانِ Milk and water. (ISk, S, M, A, K.) A poet says, وَمَا لِىَ إِلَّا الأَبْيَضَيْنِ شَرَابُ [And I have not any beverage except milk and water]. (ISk, S, M.) b17: Bread and water: (As, M, K:) or wheat and water: (Fr, K:) or fat and milk. (AO, K.) b18: Fat and youthfulness (Az, IAar, M, A, K.) You say, ذَهَبَ أَبْيَضَاهُ His fat and youthfulness departed. (TA.) b19: مَا رَأَيْتُهُ مُذْ أَبْيَضَانِ I have not seen him for, or during, two days: (Ks, M, A, K:) or two months. (Ks, M, K.) b20: أَيَّامُ البِيضِ, (Msb, K,) or simply البِيضُ, (Mgh,) for أَيَّامُ اللَّيَالِى البِيضِ; [The days of the white nights;] i. e. the days of the thirteenth and fourteenth and fifteenth nights of the month; (Mgh, Msb, K;) so called because they are lighted by the moon throughout: (Msb:) or of the twelfth and thirteenth and fourteenth nights: (K:) but this is of weak authority, and extr.: the former is the correct explanation: (MF, TA:) you should not say الأَيَّامُ البِيضُ: (Ibn-El-Jawá- leekee, IB, K:) yet thus it is in most relations of a trad. in which it occurs; and some argue for it; and the author of the K has himself explained الأَوَاضِحُ by الأَيَّامُ البِيضُ. (TA.) b21: سَنَةٌ بَيْضَآءُ (assumed tropical:) A year [of scarcity of herbage,] such as is a mean between that which is termed شَهْبَآء and that which is termed حَمْرَآء. (TA in art. شهب.) b22: كَلَامٌ

أَبْيَضُ (tropical:) Language expounded or explained. (M.) b23: كَلَّمْتُهُ فَمَا رَدَّ عَلَىَّ سَوْدَآءَ وَلَا بَيْضَآءَ (tropical:) I spoke to him, and he did not return to me a bad word nor a good one. (M.) b24: يَدٌ بَيْضَآءُ (assumed tropical:) A demonstrating, or demonstrated, argument, plea, allegation, or evidence. (M.) b25: And (assumed tropical:) A favour, or benefit, for which one is not reproached; and which is conferred without its being asked. (M.) [See also يَدٌ.] b26: المَوْتُ الأَبْيَضُ (assumed tropical:) Sudden death; (K, TA;) such as is not preceded by disease which alters the complexion: or, as some say, death without the repentance, and the prayer for forgiveness, and the accomplishment of necessary duties, usual with him who is not taken unawares; from بَيَّضَ signifying “ he emptied ” a vessel: so says Sgh: opposed to المَوْتُ الأَحْمَرُ, which is slaughter. (TA.) b27: بَيْضَآءُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) A calamity, or misfortune: (Sgh, K:) app. as a term of good omen; like سَلِيمٌ applied to one who is stung by a scorpion or bitten by a serpent. (TA.) b28: بَيْضَآءُ القَيْظِ: see بَيْضَةٌ, last sentence but one.

A2: هٰذَا أَبْيَضُ مِنْ كَذَا; &c.: see بَيَاضٌ.

مَبِيضٌ A place for laying eggs. (ISd, TA in art. فحص.) مُبِيضَةٌ A woman who brings forth white children: the contr. is termed مُسْوِدَةٌ: (Fr, K:) but مُوضِحَةٌ is more commonly used in the former sense. (O.) مُبْيَضَّةٌ The fair copy, or transcript, made from a first rough draught; which latter is called مُسْوَدَّةٌ: probably post-classical.]

مُبَيِّضٌ A man wearing white clothing. (TA.) b2: Hence, المُبَيِّضَةُ A sect of [the class called] the ثَنَوِيَّة, (S, K,) the companions of المُقَنَّع; (S;) so called because they made their clothes white, in contradistinction to the مُسَوِّدَة, the partisans of the dynasty of the 'Abbásees; (S, K, *) for the distinction of these was black: they dwelt in Kasr 'Omeyr. (TA.) [See also الحَرُورِيَّةُ.]

شي

أ1 شَآءَهُ, (Msb,) [originally شَيِئَهُ,] like خَافَهُ, [which is originally خَوِفَهُ,] (MF,) first. Pers\.

شِئْتُهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) [and by poetic license يَشَاهُ, without ء,] first Pers\. أَشَاؤُهُ, (S. K,) inf. n. شَىْءٌ (Msb, K) and مَشِيْئَةٌ, (S, * K,) or this is a simple subst., (Msb,) and مَشَآءَةٌ and مَشَائِيَةٌ, (K,) [or these two also are simple substs.,] He, and I, willed, wished, or desired, it; syn. أَرَادَهُ (Msb) and أَرَدْتُهُ: (S, * K:) most of the scholastic theologians make no difference between المَشِيْئَةُ and الإِرَادَةُ, though they are [said to be] originally different; for the former, in the proper language, signifies the causing to be or exist, syn. الإِيجَادُ; and the latter, the willing, wishing, or desiring; syn. الطَّلَبُ. (TA.) A Jew objected, to the Prophet, his people's saying مَا شَآءَ اللّٰهُ وَشِئْتُ [What God hath willed and I have willed], as implying the association of another being with God: therefore the Prophet ordered them to say مَا شَآءَ اللّٰهُ ثُمَّ شِئْتُ [What God hath willed, then I have willed]. (TA.) [مَا شَآءَ اللّٰهُ as signifying What hath God willed! is used to express admiration. And as signifying What God willed it is a phrase often used to denote a vague, generally a great or considerable, but sometimes a small, number or quantity or time: See De Sacy's Relation de l'Égypte par Abdallatif, pp.246 and 394 &c.]

A2: See also 1 in art. شوأ.2 شَيَّأْتُهُ عَلَى الأَمْرِ [in some copies of the K (erroneously) شِئْتُهُ] I incited him, or made him, to do the thing, or affair. (As, S, L, K, TA.) A2: And شَيَّأَ اللّٰهُ وَجْهَهُ, (K, TA,) and خَلْقَهُ, (TA,) God rendered, or may God render, foul, unseemly, or ugly, his face, (K, TA,) and his make. (TA.) 4 أَشَآءَهُ إِلَيْهِ He, or it, compelled him, constrained him, or necessitated him, to have recourse, or betake himself, to it; syn. أَلْجَأَهُ; (S, K;) a dial. var. of أَجَآءَهُ; (S;) of the dial. of Temeem. (TA.) Temeem say, شَرٌّ مَا يُشِيؤُكَ إِلَى مُخَّةِ عُرْقُوبٍ, meaning يُجِيؤُكَ [q. v., i. e. It is an evil thing that compels thee to have recourse to the marrow of a hock]. (S.) 5 تشيّأ His anger became appeased: (K:) said of a man. (TA.) شَىْءٌ [A thing; anything; something; somewhat;] a word of well-known meaning: (K:) [sometimes, in poetry, written and pronounced شَىٌّ: see an ex. in a verse cited voce صُؤَابَةٌ: see also the last sentence but one of this paragraph:] الشَّىْءُ properly signifies what may be known, and that whereof a thing may be predicated: (Mgh, KT:) accord. to Sb, it denotes existence, and is a name for anything that has been made to have being, whether an accident, or attribute, or a substance, and such that it may be known, and that a thing may be predicated thereof: (KT:) MF says that it is app. an inf. n. used in the sense of a pass. part. n., meaning what is willed, and meant, or intended, [in which sense ↓ مَشِيْئَةٌ (pl. مَشِيْآتٌ) is often used,] without restriction to its actuality or possibility of being, so that it applies to that which necessarily is, and that which may be, and that which cannot be; accord. to the opinion adopted by the author of the Ksh: [or, as an inf. n. in the sense of a pass. part. n., it may be expl., agreeably with what is said to be the proper meaning of the verb, as signifying what is caused to be or exist; accordingly,] Er-Rághib says that it denotes whatever is caused to be or exist, whether sensibly, as material substances, or ideally, as sayings; and Bd and others expressly assert that it signifies peculiarly what is caused to be or exist; but Sb says that it is the most general of general terms; and some of the scholastic theologians apply it to what is non-existent; such, however, are overcome in their argument by its not being found to have been thus used by the Arabs, and by such passages as كُلُّ شَىْءٍ هَالِكٌ إِلَّا وَجْهَهُ [Everything is subject to perish except Himself (Kur xxviii. last verse)] and وَإِنْ مِنْ شَىْءٍ إِلَّا يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِهِ [And there is not anything but it glorifies Him with praising (Kur xvii. 46)], for what is nonexistent cannot be described as perishing nor imagined to glorify God: (TA:) the pl. is أَشْيَآءُ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) imperfectly decl., (Msb, TA,) or rather this is a quasi-pl. n., (Sb, TA,) respecting the formation of which there is much difference of opinion [as will be shown hereafter], (Msb, TA,) and أَشْيَاوَاتٌ, (S, K,) a pl. pl. [i. e. pl. of أَشْيَآءٌ], (MF, TA,) and أَشَاوَاتٌ, [a contraction of that next preceding,] (K,) and أَشَاوَى, (S, K,) with fet-h to the و, (MF, TA,) and it is also mentioned as with kesr, (TA,) [and is written in both of my copies of the S أَشَاوَى, though if with kesr it should be either أَشَاوٍ or أَشَاوِىُّ, but أَشَاوَى

only is meant by J, as is shown by what here follows,] originally أَشَايِىُّ, with three ى s, not أَشَائِىُّ as J says, [or rather as the word is written in copies of the S, for J may have held it to be أَشَائِىُّ or أَشَايِىْءُ, as he says that the ء was changed into ى thus occasioning the combination of three ىs, so that he held its secondary form to be أَشَايِىُّ, as will presently be shown,] because the first ى is radical, not augmentative, (IB, K,) the medial ى of the three being suppressed, and the final one changed into ا [though written ى], and the initial one changed into و, (S,) and another form of pl. is أَشَايَا, (S, Msb, K,) with the ى preserved, not changed into و [as it is in أَشَاوَى], (TA,) [likewise] a pl. of أَشْيَآءُ, (Msb,) and أَشَيَايَا also is mentioned, (K,) as formed [from أَشْيَآءُ] by the change of ء into ى and adding ا, (TA,) and أَشَاوِهُ, which is strange, (Lh, K,) as there is no ه in أَشَيَآءُ, (Lh,) or in شَىْءٌ: (K:) with respect to the first of these forms, [the quasi-pl. n.] أَشَيَآءُ, the most probable opinion is that of Kh: (Msb, TA:) accord. to him, (S, Msb, K,) it is originally of the measure فَعْلَآءُ, (S, K, *) in lieu of أَفْعَالٌ, (K,) and therefore imperfectly decl., (S,) [i. e.] it is originally شَيْئَآءُ, (Msb,) and the two hemzehs combined in the latter portion being found difficult of pronunciation, the former of them is transposed to the beginning of the word, so that it becomes of the measure لَفْعَآءُ, (S, Msb,) as is shown by its having for its pls. أَشَاوَى and أَشَايَا and أَشْيَاوَاتٌ: (S:) accord. to Akh, it is [originally] of the measure أَفْعِلَآءُ; (S, K;) but if it were thus a broken pl., [not a quasi-pl. n.,] its dim. would not be ↓ أُشْيَّآءُ, as it is, but شُيَيْآتٌ: (S:) accord. to Ks, it is of the measure أَفْعَالٌ, and made imperfectly decl. because of frequency of usage, being likened to فَعْلَآءُ; but were it so, أَبْنَآء and أَسْمَآء would be imperfectly decl.: (S, K:) accord. to Fr, شَىْءٌ is originally شَيِّئٌ, and therefore has a pl. of the measure أَفْعِلَآءُ, afterwards contracted to فَعْلَآءُ; but were it so, it would not have for its pl. أَشَاوَى. (S. [Much more respecting this pl. is added in the TA, but it is comparatively unprofitable.]) The dim. of شَىْءٌ is ↓ شُيَىْءٌ and ↓ شِيَىْءٌ; (S, K, TA, but only the former in some copies of the K, the word being written in other copies شُِيَىْءٌ;) not ↓ شُوَىٌّ, or ↓ شُوَىْءٌ; (the former accord. to my two copies of the S and accord. to the copies of the K followed in the TA, in which it is said to be with teshdeed to the ى, and the latter accord. to the CK and my MS. copy of the K;) or this is a dial. var. of weak authority, (K,) used by post-classical poets in their verses. (MF, TA.) b2: When a man says to thee, “What dost thou desire? ” thou answerest, لَا شَيْئًا [Nothing]: and when he says, “Why didst thou that? ” thou answerest, لِلَا شَىْءٍ [For nothing]: and when he says, “What is thine affair? ” thou answerest, لَا شَىْءٌ [Nothing]: it is with tenween in every one of these cases. (As, AHát, TA.) [When one says لَا شَىْءَ, he means thereby There is nothing.]

b3: لَيْسَ بِشَىْءٍ means [It is nought, of no account or weight; it is not worthy of notice, or not worth anything;] it is not a good thing; or it is not a thing to be regarded. (W p. 27.) b4: [لَيْسَ مِنَ الأَمْرِ فِى شَىْءٍ is a phrase of frequent occurrence, meaning He has no concern with the affair; see two exs. in the first paragraph of art. حوص. b5: فِيهِ شَىْءٍِ مِنَ الطُّولِ occurs in the TA voce حُسْبَانَةٌ, meaning In it is somewhat, or some degree, of length; i. e. it is somewhat long; and is used in the present day in this sense.] b6: In the phrase هُوَ أَحْسَنُ مِنْكَ شَيْئًا, the last word is for بِشَىْءٍ

[i. e. He is better than thou in something; meaning he is somewhat better than thou]. (IJ, L.) b7: مَا أَغْفَلَهُ عَنْكَ شَيْئًا is a phrase of the Arabs [app. lit. signifying How unmindful of thee is he as to anything!] mentioned by Sb as meaning دَعِ الشَّكَّ عَنْكَ [Dismiss doubt from thee (respecting him as to anything)]: IJ says that شيئا is here put in the accus. case as an inf. n., as though the saying were مَا أَغْفَلَهُ عَنْكَ غُفُولًا, because the verb of wonder does not require to be corroborated by the inf. n. [proper to it]: (L, TA:) [or it is a specificative:] IF says that it is a phrase of dubious meaning; and that the most probable explanation of it is this; that ما is here lit. interrogative, but in meaning denotative of wonder; and that شيئا is governed in the accus. case by some other word, or phrase, as though the saying were dismiss a thing by which he is not occupied in mind, and dismiss doubt as to his being occupied in mind by it. (TA in art. ما.) b8: [شَيْئًا فَشَيْئًا means Thing by thing, part by part, bit by bit, piecemeal, inch by inch, drop by drop, little and little in succession, by little and little, by degrees or gradually.] b9: أَىُّ شَىْءٍ [meaning What thing?] is, by the alleviation of the ى [in اىّ] and the suppression of the ء [in شىء], made into one word, أَيْشَىْ: so says El-Fárábee: (Msb:) or, [as is commonly the case in the present day,] by reason of frequency of usage, it is contracted into أَيْشَ. (TA in art. جرم, as on the authority of Ks.) b10: شَىْءٌ in the Kur lx. 11 may mean Any one (Bd, Jel) or more. (Jel.) b11: [It is also applied to (assumed tropical:) The penis of a man; as in the explanation of a phrase mentioned voce ذَنَبٌ; like as its syn. هَنٌ is to the same and (more commonly) to the “ vulva ” of a woman.] b12: In algebra, it signifies [A square root;] a number that is multiplied into itself; which in arithmetic [and in algebra also] is called جذر [i. e. جَذْرٌ]; and in geometry, ضلع [i. e. ضِلْعٌ or ضِلَعٌ]; (“ Dict. of the Techn. Terms used in the Sciences of the Musalmans,” p. 202;) an unknown number that is multiplied into itself. (Idem, p. 730.) A2: It is also said, on the authority of Lth, to signify Water: and he cites as an ex., تَرَى رَكْبَهُ بِالشَّىْءِ فِى وَسْطِ قَفْرَةٍ

[Thou seest, or wilt see, his company of riders at the water in the midst of a desert]: but AM says, I know not الشىء in the sense of “ water,” nor know I what it is. (TA.) A3: يَا شَىْءَ is an expression of regret, (El-Ahmar, Ks, TA,) or of wonder, (K, TA,) [or of both,] meaning [Oh! or] O my wonder! (Ks, Lh, TA.) One says, يَا شَىْءَ مَا لِى, (El-Ahmar, Ks, Lh, K,) and يَا شَىَّ مَا لِى, i. e. with and without ء, (Ks, TA,) and يَا هَىْءَ مَا لِى, (Lh, K,) يا هَىَّ ما لى, and يَا فَىَّ ما لى, (El-Ahmar, Ks, TA,) neither of these two with ء, (Ks, TA,) [meaning Oh! or O my wonder! What has happened to me?] in all of these, (Ks, TA,) ما being in the place of a noun in the nom. case. (Ks, Lh, TA.) b2: Some also say, يَا شَىْءَ and يَا هَىَّ and يَا فَىَّ, and some add مَا, saying, يَا شَىْءَ مَا and يَا هَىَّ مَا and يَا فَىَّ مَا, meaning How good, or beautiful, is this! (Ks, TA.) شِيْئَةٌ [Will, wish, or desire,] a subst. from شَآءَهُ, (Lh, K,) [and] so is ↓ مَشِيْئَةٌ [which is mentioned in the K as an inf. n.]. (Msb.) One says, كُلُّ شَىْءٍ بِشِيْئَةِ اللّٰهِ, (S, K,) i. e. ↓ بَمِشِيْئَتِهِ [Everything is by the will of God]. (S.) شُيَىْءٌ and شِيَىْءٌ and شُوَىٌّ or شُوَىْءٌ: see شَىْءٌ in the middle of the paragraph.

شَيِّآنٌ and شَيَّآنٌ: see art. شوأ.

أُشَيَّآءُ dim. of أَشْيَآءُ: see شَىْءٌ, in the latter part of the former half of the paragraph.

مَشِيْئَةٌ: see شِيْئَةٌ, in two places: b2: and see also شَىْءٌ, near the beginning of the paragraph.

مُشَيَّأٌ Incongruous, unsound, (K, TA,) foul, or ugly, (TA,) in make, or formation. (K, TA. [See Ham p. 192.]) b2: And accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, A child born preposterously, the legs coming forth before the arms. (TA.)

شبح

1 شَبُحَ, (S, K,) inf. n. شَبَاحَةٌ, (TK,) said of a man, (S,) He was, or became, broad in the fore arms: (S, K, TA:) or long therein. (TA.) A2: شَبَحَهُ, (A, O, Mgh, L, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. شَبْحٌ, (TK,) He extended, stretched, or stretched out, it, or him; (A, O, Mgh, L, Msb, K;) namely, a thing; (IF, L, Msb;) a hide, or skin, (A, L, K,) or some other thing, (L,) between pegs, or stakes; (K;) and a man, (Mgh, L, Msb,) between two things, to be flogged, (L,) [i. e.,] between two stakes inserted and fixed in the ground, (Mgh, Msb,) which are called عُقَابَانِ, (Mgh,) when he was beaten, or crucified, (Mgh, Msb,) or like him who is crucified; and ↓ شبّحهُ is used, accord. to some, in the same manner. (L.) And شَبَحَ يَدَيْهِ He extended, or stretched forth, his arms, or hands: (L:) or شَبَحَ [alone] he extended his arm, or hand, to offer a prayer, or supplication; (K;) or he extended and raised his arms, or hands, in his prayer, or supplication. (A.) And الحِرْبَآءُ يَشْبَحُ عَلَى العُودِ (tropical:) The chameleon extends (S, A, O) itself (S, O) or its fore legs (A) upon the branch. (S, A, O.) b2: Also, inf. n. as above, He cut, hewed, or pared, it, namely, a stick, or piece of wood, so as to make it wide. (O, L. [See also 2.]) b3: And He clave it, or split it, (K, * TA,) namely, another's head, or anything whatever. (TA.) b4: شَبَحَ لَنَا He (a man, K) stood erect [as though drawing himself up] to us. (O, K.) b5: And شَبَحَ لَكَ It (a thing) appeared, or became apparent, to thee. (L.) A3: شُبِحَ بِأَمْر ٍ He was, or became, attached, or addicted, to an affair; or fond of it. (O.) 2 شبّحهُ: see 1. b2: Also, (K,) inf. n. تَشْبِيحٌ, (S,) He made it (a thing) wide. (S, K.) b3: and تَشْبِيحٌ signifies also The act of paring, or peeling, or the like. (O. [See also 1.]) b4: And The act of pulling, or plucking, out, or up. (O.) A2: and شبّح, (O, K,) inf. n. as above, (K,) He (a man, TA) became aged, and saw a [thing such as is termed] شَبَح appearing as though it were two. (O, K.) شَبْحٌ: see شَبَحٌ, in two places: A2: and see also مَشْبُوحٌ.

شَبَحٌ (S, A, O, Msb, K) and ↓ شَبْحٌ (S, O, K) i. q. شَخْصٌ [i. e. The body, or bodily or corporeal form or figure or substance, of a man or some other thing or object, which one sees from a distance]: (S, A, O, Msb, K:) a man, or some other creature, of which the شَخْص [or body, &c.,] appears to one: (L:) and a thing that is perceived by sense (A, O, L) and by sight: (O, L:) pl. أَشْبَاحٌ, (A, O, Msb, K,) which is of the former, (A, Msb,) and [of the latter] شُبُوحٌ. (K.) One says, لَاحَ لِى شَبَحٌ, meaning شَخْصٌ [i. e. A body, or bodily form, appeared, loomed, or gleamed, to me]. (A.) And هُمْ أَشْبَاحٌ بِلَا أَرْوَاح ٍ [They are bodies without souls]. (A.) And أَذَقُّ مِنْ شَبَح ٍ

بَاطِل ٍ, (A, O,) and مِنْ خَيْطِ بَاطِل ٍ, a prov., (O,) meaning [More minute, or inconsiderable, than] the atoms that are seen in the rays of the sun entering from a mural aperture in a chamber: (A, * O:) or, as some say, than the thread that comes forth from the mouth of the spider; [meaning gossamer;] called by the children مُخَاطٌ الشَّيْطَانِ. (O.) And الأَسْمَآءُ ضَرْبَانِ أَسْمَآءُ أَشْبَاح ٍ

وَأَسْمَآءُ أَعْمَال ٍ, meaning [Nouns are of two sorts,] the names of things perceived by sense, and the names [of actions, or rather of accidents or attributes, i. e.] of other things; like as they say أَسْمَآءُ الأَعْيَانِ and أَسْمَآءُ المَعَانِى. (A.) And هَلَكَ

أَشْبَاحُ مَالِهِ The known ones of his camels, and sheep or goats, and other cattle, perished. (O, K. *) A2: شَبَحٌ also signifies A door or gate, of high structure; (O, K;) and so ↓ شَبْحٌ: (K:) [but the latter may have originated from a mistranscription; for Sgh says,] and so شَبَجٌ. (O.) A3: See also شَبَحَةٌ.

شَبْحَةٌ A rafter, or timber, (عُود,) of the ceiling, or roof, of a house: so in a trad. where it is said, فَنَزَعَ سَقْفَ بَيتِى شَبْحَةً شَبْحَةً [And he pulled off the roof of my house, rafter by rafter, or timber by timber]. (JM, * TA.) شِبْحَةٌ of horses: what is thus called is well known [as being A rope which is extended from a horse's fore leg to his hind leg: so in the present day]. (TA.) شَبَحَةٌ a word occurring in the K and TA voce مُشْطٌ and in the TA voce مِحَرٌّ &c. [app. as meaning A broad piece of wood]. b2: الشَّبَحَتَانِ signifies The two pieces of wood of the مِنْقَلَة, (O, K,) which is the thing upon which bricks are carried from place to place: the pl. is الشَّبَحَاتُ and [the coll. gen. n., of which شَبَحَةٌ is the n. un., is] ↓ الشَّبَحُ. (O.) شَبْحَان [whether with or without tenween is not apparent, as the fem. is not mentioned,] Tall; (AA, S, O, K;) an epithet applied to a man. (TA.) شَبِيحَةٌ sing. of شَبَائِحُ, (O,) which signifies Pieces of wood, (O, K,) broad, (O,) placed transversly, (O, K,) contrariwise, or on contrary sides, (O,) in the [camel's saddle called] قَتَب (O, K) that is of wood: so expl. by Shujáa. (O.) مُشَّبَحٌ, applied to a [garment of the kind called]

كِسَآء, Strong, or stout: (O, K: *) or, as some say, wide. (O.) b2: And [applied to a stick, or piece of wood,] Pared, (K, TA,) and cut, or hewed [app. so as to be made wide: see 1]. (TA.) A2: And A species of fish.. (TA.) مَشْبُوحٌ Wide between the shoulders. (L.) b2: مَشْبُوحُ الذِّرَاعَيْنِ and الذِّرَاعَيْنِ ↓ شَبْحُ A man broad in the fore arms: (S, K:) or long therein: but AAF and Ibn-El-Jowzee prefer the former explanation. (TA.) A2: مَشْبُوحٌ بِأَمْر ٍ Attached, or addicted, to an affair; or fond of it. (O.)

زيغ

1 زَاغَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. زَيْغٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and زَيَغَانٌ and زَيْغُوغَةٌ (O, K) and زُيُوغٌ, (TA,) He, or it, (a thing, Msb,) declined, deviated, swerved, or turned aside, (S, O, Msb, K,) from the right course or direction, accord. to an explanation of زَيْغٌ by Er-Rághib; and from the truth: (TA:) and زاغ, aor. ـُ inf. n. زَوْغٌ, is a dial. var. thereof. (Msb, TA. *) In the Kur iii. 5, (O,) زَيْغٌ means A doubting, and a declining, or deviating, from the truth. (O, K.) b2: You say also, زَاغَتِ الشَّمْسُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. زَيْغٌ (Msb, TA) and زُيُوغٌ, (TA,) The sun declined [from the meridian], (S, * Msb, K,) so that the shade turned from one side to the other. (S, * K.) b3: And زاغ البَصَرُ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. زَيْغٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) The eye, or eyes, or the sight, became dim, or dull: (S, O, K, TA:) so in the phrase مَا زَاغَ البَصَرُ in the Kur [liii. 17]: (O, TA:) or, as some say, زَاغَتِ الأَبْصَارُ signifies the eyes turned aside from their places; as in the case of a man in fear. (TA.) 2 زَيَّغْتُ فُلَانًا, inf. n. تَزْيِيغٌ, I rectified the زَيْغ [or declining, or deviating, &c.,] of such a one. (Aboo-Sa'eed, O, K. *) 4 ازاغهُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ, (S, O,) inf. n. إِزَاغَةٌ, (Msb,) He made him to decline, deviate, swerve, or turn aside, (S, O, Msb, K,) from the way. (S, O.) Hence, in the Kur [iii. 6, accord. to the usual reading], رَبَّنَا لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا, (O, TA,) meaning O our Lord, make us not [or make not our hearts] to decline from the right way and course: make us not to err, or go astray. (TA. [See another reading in the first paragraph of art. زوغ.]) b2: And He made him to fall into الزَّيْغ [app. as meaning deviation from the truth, or the right way of belief or conduct]. ((TA.) b3: فَلَمَّا زَاغُوا أَزَاغَ اللّٰهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ, in the Kur [lxi. 5], means, accord. to Er-Rághib, And when they quitted the right way, God dealt with them according to that: (TA:) or God turned their hearts from the acceptance of the truth, and the inclining to the right course. (Bd.) 5 تَزَيَّغَتْ She (a woman) ornamented, or adorned, herself, and showed, or displayed, her finery, or ornaments, and beauties of person or form or countenance, to men, or strangers, (Az, S, K,) and decked herself with apparel; like تَزَيَّقَتْ: (Az, TA:) IF says that its غ is a substitute for ن. (TA.) 6 تَزَايُغٌ i. q. تَمَايُلٌ, (JK, S, O, K,) An inclining towards each other, (PS,) accord. to some, peculiarly, (TA,) in the teeth. (JK, TA.) زَاغٌ [The rook;] a small غُرَاب [or bird of the crow-kind], inclining to white, (O, Mgh, K, TA,) that does not eat carrion, (O, Mgh, TA,) and is allowed to be eaten; now called in Egypt the غُرَاب نُوحِىّ [or Noachian crow]: (TA:) or a غُرَاب like the pigeon, black, with a dusty colour in its head; or, as some say, inclining to white; that does not eat carrion: (Msb in art. زوغ:) or a small black غُرَاب, that is eaten; also called حَذَفٌ, of which the n. un. is with ة: (ISh, TA in art. حذف:) [these descriptions correctly apply to different varieties of the rook; some of which are distinguished by more or less whiteness in the head and other parts: in the present day, the word is, by some, perhaps generally, erroneously applied to the carrion-crow:] Az says, “I know not whether it be Arabic or arabicized: ” (Msb in art. زوغ, and TA:) the truth is, that it is a Pers\. word, [زَاغْ,] arabicized; originally applied to crows (غِرْبَان), whether small or large; but when arabicized, applied peculiarly to one species thereof: (TA:) pl. زِيغَانٌ. (O, Mgh, Msb, K.) زَائِغٌ Declining, deviating, swerving, or turning aside: (TA:) pl. زَاغَةٌ, applied to a number of men, (S, O, K, TA,) i. q. زَائِغُونَ, (S, O, TA,) like بَاعَةٌ meaning بَائِغُونَ. (O, TA.)

حدب

1 حَدِبَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. حَدَبٌ; (S, * A, Mgh, * Msb, K;) and ↓ احدبّ, and ↓ تحادب, (K,) and ↓ احدودب; (S, K;) He (a man, Msb) was, or became, humpbaked; (Mgh, Msb;) he had a prominent, or protuberant, back, and a hollow, or receding, chest (A, * K) and belly: (K:) [accord. to the Msb, from حَدَبٌ signifying “ elevated ground; ” but the reverse is indicated in the A:] and it (the back) was, or became, humped, or protuberant; (S, A; *) as also ↓ انحدب. (KL.) b2: And the first, (assumed tropical:) It (a thing) rose, or grew up or out, high: (KL:) [it was, or became, gibbous, or convex; as also ↓ احدودب.] b3: حَدِبَ عَليْهِ, (S, A, K,) inf. n. as above; (KL, TA;) and ↓ تحدّب; (S, A, K;) (tropical:) He was, or became, affectionate, favourable, or kind, to him. (S, A, * K, KL, TA.) And حَدِبَتْ عَلَى وَلَدِهَا, (K, * TA,) inf. n. as above; (TA;) and ↓ تحدّبت; (K;) (tropical:) She (a woman) applied herself constantly to the care of her child, or children, after the loss of her husband, not marrying again. (K, TA.) A2: حَدَبَ عَنْهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. حَدْبٌ, He repelled from him, and defended him. (MF, TA.) 2 تَحْدِيبٌ [inf. n. of حدّب] The act of elevating, or raising high, the back. (KL.) b2: [And, accord. to Golius, as on the authority of the KL, The making a thing gibbous, or convex: but this meaning which the word has in the present day, I do not find in my copy of the KL.]4 احدبهُ He (God) rendered him humpbacked. (S.) b2: (assumed tropical:) He, or it, rendered him affectionate, favourable, or kind. (KL.) 5 تَحَدَّبَ see 1, in two places. b2: تحدّب بِهِ He, or it, clung, or clave, to it. (K, TA.) 6 تَحَاْدَبَ see 1.7 إِنْحَدَبَ see 1.9 إِحْدَبَّ see 1.12 إِحْدَوْدَبَ see 1, in two places. b2: Also (assumed tropical:) It (sand) was, or became, curved, or winding; or curved, or winding, and long. (K.) حَدَبٌ (tropical:) High, or elevated, ground; so in the Kur xxi. 96; (S, A, Msb;) as also ↓ حَدَبَةٌ; and so حَدَبٌ مِنَ الأَرْضِ: (A:) or rugged and high ground: (T, K:) pl. حِدَابٌ (S) [and app., accord. to the TA, أَحْدَابٌ also, a pl. of pauc.]. and حَدَبُ الرَّمْلِ (tropical:) Sand brought by the wind, [or blown together,] and elevated. (A, TA.) and hence, as being likened to such sand, (IAar, TA,) حَدَبُ البُهْمَى (tropical:) What is scattered, and heaped up, of [the species of barley-grass called] بهمى. (IAar, K, TA.) And حَدَبُ المَآءِ (assumed tropical:) The elevated waves of water: (T, TA:) or the rolling over of water, volume over volume: (K, TA:) or the rolling of water in waves. (TA.) And حَدَبُ الغَدِيرِ (assumed tropical:) The motion and waves of the pool of water left by a torrent. (IAar, TA.) And حَدَبُ السَّيْل (tropical:) The rise, or swell, and abundance, of the torrent. (A, TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A slope in a declivity; expl. by حَدُورٌ فِى صَبَبٍ, as in the correct copies of the K, and in the L; in some copies of the K حدوب; (TA;) [in the CK حُدُورٌ;] as the حَدَب of waves (in some copies of the K, of the wind, TA, [an evident mistranscription, الريح for الموج,]) and of sand. (K.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A mark left upon the skin; (As, K;) such as the [weal or] swelling and thickness produced by beating. (As, TA.) b4: (tropical:) The intenseness of the cold of winter. (A, K.) A2: A certain plant: or the [plant called] نَصِىّ. (K.) حَدِبٌ: see أَحْدَبُ. b2: Also (tropical:) Affectionate, favourable, or kind. (A, TA.) You say, هُوَ حَدِبٌ عَلَى أَخِيهِ (tropical:) He is affectionate, &c., to his brother. (A.) A2: أَرْضٌ حَدِبَةٌ A land abounding with the plant called حَدَب. (K.) حَذَبَةٌ A hump on the back. (Az, S, A, Mgh.) b2: See also حَدَبٌ.

حَدَابِ, like قَطَامِ, (K,) indecl., (TA,) (assumed tropical:) A year of drought, barrenness, or dearth: (K:) or a year of severe drought. (TA.) حُدَيْبَآءُ: see what next follows.

أَحْدَبُ Humpbacked; (S, Mgh, Msb;) having a prominent, or protuberant, back, and a hollow, or receding, chest and belly; (K;) and ↓ حَدِبٌ signifies the same: (Sb, S, K:) fem. of the former حَدْبَآءُ: (Msb:) and pl. حُدْبٌ. (Msb, TA.) اِبْنَةٌ

↓ حُدَيْبَآءُ (dim. of حَدْبَآءُ), meaning A little humpbacked daughter, occurs in a trad. (TA.) b2: Hence, آلَةٌ حَدْبَآءُ, (see a verse of Kaab Ibn-Zuheyr, voce آلَةٌ, in art. اول,) (assumed tropical:) A gibbous bier: (A, * TA:) or (as used in that verse) it means a distressing state, or condition: or an elevated apparatus. (TA.) And رَمْلَةٌ حَدْبَآءُ (assumed tropical:) [A gibbous tract of sand]. (ISh, K in art. دبح, &c.) And نَاقَةٌ حَدْبَآءُ, (S, A,) or دَابَّةٌ حدبَآءُ, (K,) (tropical:) A she-camel, (S, A,) or a beast, (K,) the prominent parts of whose hips, (S, A, K,) and the bone of whose back, (TA,) appear, (S, A, K,) by reason of her leanness. (A, TA.) And حَدْبَآءُ حِدْبِيرٌ and حِدْبَارٌ are expressions used in the same sense: (L, TA:) pl. حُدْبٌ حَدَابِيرُ. (S, L, TA.) b3: الأَحْدَبُ is the name of A vein (عِرْق) penetrating into, or lying within, the bone (عَظْمَ [app. a mistranscription for عَظَمَة the upper portion]) of the fore-arm. (K.) b4: أَمْرٌ أَحْدَبُ (A) and خُطَّةٌ حَدْبَآءُ (A, TA) (tropical:) A difficult affair: (A, TA:) and أُمُورٌ حُدْبٌ (A, TA) and حُدْبُ الأُمُورِ (K) (tropical:) difficult affairs; (A, K, TA;) sing. حَدْبَآءُ [for خُطَّةٌ حَدْبَآءُ or the like]. (K.) And سَنَةٌ حَدْبَآءُ (tropical:) A severe, cold year. (A, TA.) [Hence,] وَسِيقٌ أَحْدَبُ (assumed tropical:) A quick driving. (TA.) b5: [Hence, also,] الأَحْدَبُ [used as a subst.] (assumed tropical:) Vehemence, severity, difficulty, or distress; syn. الشِّدَّةُ. (K.) A2: [Also (assumed tropical:) More, and most, affectionate, favourable, or kind.] أَحْدَبُهُمْ عَلَى

المُسْلِمِينَ, said of Aboo-Bekr, in a trad. of 'Alee, means (assumed tropical:) The most affectionate, favourable, or kind, of them, to the Muslims. (TA.)