عود

1 عَادَ إِلَيْهِ, (S, A, O, TA,) and لَهُ, and فِيهِ, (TA,) aor. ـُ (S, O,) inf. n. عَوْدٌ and عَوْدَةٌ, (S, O, K, TA,) which latter is also an inf. n. of un., (TA,) and مَعَادٌ, (K, TA,) He, or it, returned to it, (S, A, O, K, * TA,) namely, a thing: (TA:) or, accord. to some, the verb is differently used with فِى and with other preps.: (MF, TA:) [with فى it seems generally to imply some degree of continuance, in addition to the simple meaning of the verb alone:] one says, عاد الكَلْبُ فِى قَيْئِهِ The dog returned to his vomit: (Msb in art. رجع:) and عاد لَهُ بَعْدَ مَا كَانَ أَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ [He returned to it after he had turned away from it]: (S, O:) and ↓ اِعْتَادَ, also, signifies he returned: (KL:) or عاد إِلَى كَذَا, and لَهُ, inf. n. عَوْدٌ (Mgh, Msb) and عَوْدَةٌ, (Msb,) signifies He, or it, came to such a thing or state or condition; syn. صَارَ إِليْهِ; (Mgh, * Msb;) at first, or for the first time, or originally; and also, a second time, or again; and the verb is trans. by means of عَلَى and فِى as well as إِلَى and لِ, and also by itself: (Mgh:) لَتَعُودُنَّ فِى مِلَّتِنَا, in the Kur [vii. 86 and xiv. 16], means Ye shall assuredly come to our religion; for the words relate to the apostle: (O, * and Bd in xiv. 16:) or the words relate to the apostle and to those who believed with him, the latter being made to have a predominant influence upon the verb; (Bd in vii. 86 and xiv. 16, and Jel in vii. 86;) the meaning being ye shall assuredly return to our religion: (Bd * and Jel in vii. 86:) or the meaning is, ye shall assuredly enter the communion of our religion; the verb here signifying beginning: and the saying, of a poet, وَعَادَ الرَّأْسُ مِنِّى كَالثَّغَامِ is cited as an ex. [i. e. as meaning And my head began to be white like the plant called ثغام]: or the meaning in this instance may be, became like the ثغام: (MF, TA:) you say also, عاد كَذَا He, or it, became so, or in such a state or condition: (K, TA:) and it is said in a trad., وَدِدْتُ

أَنَّ هٰذَا اللَّبَنَ يَعُودُ قَطِرَانًا [I wish that this milk would become tar]. (O, TA.) عاد is also used as an incomplete [i. e. a non-attributive] verb in the sense of كَانَ [He, or it, was], requiring an enunciative [generally] on the condition of its being preceded by a conjunction, as in the saying of Hassán, وَلَقَدْ صَبَوْتُ بِهَا وَعَادَ شَبَابُهَا غَضًّا وَعَادَ زَمَانُهَا مُسْتَظْرَفًا [And I had inclined to silly and youthful conduct with her, when her youth was fresh and her time of life was deemed comely]; the meaning being كَانَ شَبَابُهَا [and كَانَ زَمَانُهَا]. (MF, TA.) [See also an ex. in a verse cited voce مَطْمَعَةٌ. But the first of the significations mentioned in this art. is that which is most common. Hence several phrases mentioned below voce عَوْدٌ. And hence the phrase يَعُودُ عَلَى كَذَا, inf. n. عَوْدٌ, used by grammarians, It refers, or relates, to such a thing; as a pronoun to a preceding noun. Hence, likewise,] b2: عَادَهُ is also syn. with اِعْتَادَهُ, q. v. (S, O.) b3: [Hence, also,] عاد, (Az, TA,) inf. n. عَوْدٌ (Az, K, TA) and عِيَادٌ, (K,) He repeated, or did a second time. (Az, K, * TA.) One says, بَدَأَ ثُمَّ عَادَ He began, or did a first time, or the first time: then repeated, or did a second time. (Az, TA.) It is said in a prov., العَوْدُ أَحْمَدُ [Repetition is more praiseworthy: see art. حمد]. (S, O.) See also 4, in two places. b4: And عُدْتُهُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O,) inf. n. عِيَادَةٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and عِيَادٌ and عَوْدٌ and عُوَادَةٌ (K) and عَيْدُودَةٌ [like كَيْنُونَةٌ], (MF,) [I came to him time after time: see its act. part. n., عَائِدٌ:] I visited him, (Msb, K, TA,) [commonly and especially (see again عَائِدٌ)] meaning a sick person. (S, O, Msb, K, TA.) b5: عَادَنِى الشَّىْءُ, (TA,) inf. n. عَوْدٌ; (K;) and ↓ اِعْتَادَنِى, (TA,) inf. n. اِعْتِيَادٌ; (K;) The thing befell me, betided me, or happened to me. (K, * TA.) One says, هَمٌّ وَحُزْنٌ ↓ اِعْتَادَنِى

[Anxiety and grief betided me]. (TA.) b6: عَاد بِمَعْرُوفٍ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عَوْدٌ, He conferred, or bestowed, favour, or a favour or benefit. (Msb.) One says, عاد عَلَيْنَا فُلَانٌ بِمَعْرُوفِهِ [Such a one conferred, or bestowed, his favour upon us]. (A.) And عاد عَلَيْهِ بِصِلَةٍ [He conferred, or bestowed, a free gift upon him]. (TA.) And عاد عَلَيْهِ بِالعَائِدَةِ الصَّالِحَةِ, aor. ـُ [meaning It brought him that which was a good return or profit,] is said of a thing purchased with the price of another thing. (S. and K in art. رجع.) b7: عاد عَلَيْهِمُ الدَّهْرُ Fortune destroyed them. (A.) And عَادَت الرِّيَاحُ وَالأَمْطَارُ عَلَى الدِّيَارِ حَتَّى دَرَسَتْ [The winds and the rains assailed the dwellings so that they became effaced]. (A.) b8: عَوْدٌ is also syn. with رَدٌّ: (K, TA:) one says عاد, inf. n. عَوْدٌ, meaning He rejected (رَدَّ) and undid (نَقَضَ) what he had done [as though he reverted from it]. (TA.) [Accord. to the TK, one says, عاد السَّائِلَ, meaning رَدَّهُ, i. e. He turned back, or away, the beggar, or asker.] b9: And i. q. صَرْفٌ: (K:) one says, عَادَنِى أَنْ أَجِيْئَكَ, in which عادنى is [said to be] formed by transposition from عَدَانِى, meaning He, or it, diverted me from coming to thee: mentioned by Yaakoob. (TA.) 2 عوّدهُ إِيَّاهُ He accustomed, or habituated, him to it. (Msb, K.) One says, عوّد كَلْبَهُ الصَّيْدَ He accustomed, or habituated, his dog to the chase. (S, O.) And هٰذَا أَمْرٌ يُعَوِّدُ النَّاسَ عَلَىَّ is a saying mentioned by Aboo-'Adnán as meaning This is a thing that causes men to become accustomed, or addicted, to treating me wrongfully. (O, TA.) A2: عوّد [from the subst. عُوَادَةٌ] He (a man, O) ate what is termed عُوَادَة, (O, K,) i. e. food brought again after its having been once eaten of. (O.) A3: عوّد said of a camel, (S, O, K,) and of a sheep or goat, (IAth, TA,) inf. n. تَعْوِيدٌ, (K,) He became such as is termed عَوْد [i. e. old, &c.]: (S, O, K:) or, said of a camel, he exceeded the period of his بُزُول [q. v.] by three, or four, years: one does not say of a she-camel عوّدت. (T, TA.) And, said of a man, He became advanced in age, or years. (IAar, TA.) A4: عيّد [from عِيدٌ, and therefore retaining the ى in the place of the original و], (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَعْيِيدٌ, (Msb,) He was present on the occasion of the عِيد [or periodical festival; or at the prayers, or other observances, thereof; or he kept, observed, or solemnized, the festival, or a festival]. (S, Msb, K.) One says, عيّد بِبَلَدِ كَذَا, meaning He was, on the day of the عِيد, [or he kept the عيد or an عيد,] in such a town, or country. (O.) 3 مُعَاوَدَةٌ signifies The returning to the first affair. (S, O.) b2: And عاودهُ He returned to it time after time. (Msb.) b3: [Hence,] i. q. اِعْتَادَهُ, q. v., as syn. with تَعَوَّدَهُ. (K.) b4: [عاودهُ الكَلَامَ, or عاودهُ alone, or each of these phrases, the latter being probably used for the former, like as رَاجَعَهُ is used for رَاجَعَهُ الكَلَامَ, app. signifies primarily He returned time after time to talking with him: and hence, he talked with him alternately; (compare a signification assigned to 6;) he returned him answer for answer, or answers for answers; held a dialogue, or colloquy, or conference, or a disputation, or debate, with him; bandied words with him: for it is said that] رَاجَعَهُ الكَلَامَ is syn. with عَاوَدَهُ [app. meaning عاودهُ الكَلَامَ]; (S * and K in art. رجع;) [and that] رَاجَعْتُهُ is syn. with عَاوَدْتُهُ. (Msb in that art.) b5: And عاودهُ بِالْمَسْأَلَةِ He asked him the question repeatedly, or time after time. (S, O.) b6: [Hence,] عاود مَا كَانَ فِيهِ He persevered in that in which he was engaged. (TA.) b7: And عَاوَدَتْهُ الحُمَّى (S, O, TA) [may signify The fever returned to him time after time: or] means the fever clave perseveringly to him. (TA.) 4 اعادهُ (O, K) He returned it, or restored it, (K,) إِلَى مَكَانِهِ [to its place; he replaced it]. (O, K.) b2: And He did it a second time: (S, Msb:) he repeated it, or iterated it; syn. كَرَّرَهُ; namely, speech; (K;) as also لَهُ ↓ عَادَ; he said it a second time; (Mgh;) and إِلَيْهِ ↓ عاد and عَلَيْهِ [likewise] signify the same as اعادهُ: (TA:) but Aboo-Hilál El-'Askeree says that كَرَّرَهُ signifies he repeated it once or more than once; whereas اعادهُ signifies only he repeated it once: (MF, TA:) اعاد الكَلَامَ mean he repeated the speech [saying it] a second time; syn. رَدَّدَهُ ثَانِيًا. (O.) One says, اعاد الصَّلَاةَ He said the prayer a second time. (Msb.) and مَا يُبْدِئُ وَمَا يُعِيدُ signifies ما يَتَكَلَّمُ بِبَادِئَةٍ وَلَا عَائِدَةٍ, (Lth, A, O,) i. e. He does not say anything for the first time; nor anything for the second time; or anything original, nor anything in the way of repetition; بَادِئَةُ الكَلَامِ signifying what is said for the first time; and الكَلَامِ ↓ عَائِدَةُ, what is said for the second time, afterwards: (TA in art. بدأ:) or he says not anything: (A:) and he has no art, artifice, or cunning. (IAar, TA; and A in art. بدأ; q. v.) b3: [Also He returned it, or restored it, to a former state: and hence, he renewed it: he reproduced it.] One says of God, يُبْدِئُ الخَلْقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُ, meaning [He createth, or bringeth into existence, mankind:] then He returneth them, after life, to lifelessness, in the present world; and after lifelessness, to life, on the day of resurrection. (TA.) b4: See also 8. b5: [اعاد also signifies He, or it, rendered; or made to be, or become; (like جَعَلَ;) in which sense it is doubly trans.: see an ex. in a verse cited voce عَسِيفٌ.]5 تَعَوَّدَ see 8, in three places.6 تعاودوا They returned, each party of them to its chief, or leader, in war or battle, (S, K,) &c. (S.) b2: And تَعَاوَدْنَا العَمَلَ وَالأَمْرَ بَيْنَنَا We did the work, and the affair, by turns among us. (T in art. دول. [But perhaps the right reading here is تَعَاوَرْنَا.]) 8 اعتاد: see 1, near the beginning.

A2: اعتادهُ He frequented it; or came to it and returned to it; namely, a place. (T in art. ارى.) b2: and He looked at it time after time until he knew it. (TA in art. بلد.) b3: And, as also ↓ تعوّدهُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and ↓ عَادَهُ; (S, O;) and so ↓ عاودهُ, inf. n. مُعَاوَدَةٌ and عِوَادٌ; and ↓ اعادهُ, (K,) and ↓ استعادهُ; (O, K;) He became accustomed, or habituated, to it; or he accustomed, or habituated, himself to it; or made it his custom, or habit. (S, O, Msb, K.) It is said in a trad., الخَيْرَ ↓ تَعَوَّدُوا فَإِنَّ الخَيْرَ عَادَةٌ وَالشَّرَّ لَجَاجَةٌ, meaning Accustom yourselves to good; for good becomes a habit, and evil is persevered in. (A.) And one says, ↓ تعوّد الكَلْبُ الصَّيْدَ The dog became accustomed, or habituated, to the chase. (S.) b4: See also 1, latter half, in two places.10 استعادهُ He asked him to return. (O, Msb, K.) b2: And استعادهُ الشَّىْءَ He asked him to repeat the thing; to do it a second time: (S, O, Msb, K:) and استعادهُ مِنْهُ [He asked for the repetition of it from him]. (Har p. 28.) b3: See also 8.

عَادٌ: see عَادَةٌ.

A2: مَا أَدْرِى أَىُّ عَادَ هُوَ, (S, O, K,) عاد being in this case imperfectly decl., (S, O, [but in the CK and in my MS. copy of the K it is written عادٍ,]) means I know not what one of mankind he is. (S, O, K.) [Perhaps it is from عَادٌ the name of an ancient and extinct tribe of the Arabs.]

عَادِ, indecl., with kesr for its termination, is a particle in the sense of إِنَّ, governing an accus. case, on the condition of its being preceded by a verbal proposition and a conjunction; as in the saying, رَقَدْتُ وَعَادِ أَبَاكَ سَاهِرٌ [I slept, and verily thy father was waking, or remaining awake, by night]: b2: it is also an interrogative particle in the sense of هَلْ, indecl., with kesr for its termination, requiring an answer; as in the saying, عَادِ أَبُوكَ مُقِيمٌ [Is thy father abiding?]: b3: it also denotes an answer, in the sense of a proposition rendered negative by means of لم or of ما, only; indecl., with kesr for its termination; and this is when it is conjoined with a pronoun; as when an interrogator says, هَلْ صَلَّيْتَ [Didst thou perform, or hast thou performed, the act of prayer?], and thou answerest, عَادِنِنى, meaning Verily I (إِنَّنِى) did not perform, or have not performed, the act of prayer: b4: and some of the people of El-Hijáz suppress the ن in عَادِنِى: both the modes are chaste when عَادِ is used in the sense of إِنَّ: b5: sometimes, also, it is used by the interrogator and the answerer; the former saying, عَادِ خَرَجَ زَيْدٌ [Did Zeyd go forth? or has Zeyd gone forth?], and the latter saying, عَادِهِ, meaning Verily he did not go forth, or has not gone forth: b6: all this is unmentioned by the leading authors on the Arabic language, those of lengthy compositions as well as the epitomisers. (MF, TA.) عَوْدٌ an inf. n. of 1, as also ↓ عَوْدَةٌ, (S, O, K,) and ↓ عُوَادَةٌ, and ↓ مَعَادٌ. (K.) [Hence,] one says, لَكَ العَوْدُ and ↓ العَوْدَةُ and ↓ العُوَادَةُ It is for thee to return (Lh, K, TA) فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ in this affair. (TA.) And ↓ اَللّٰهُمَّ ارْزُقْنَا إِلَى البَيْتِ مَعَادًا and ↓ عَوْدَةً (A, TA) O God, grant us a return to the House [i. e. the Kaabeh, called “ the House” as being “ the House of God”]. (TA.) and رَجَعَ عَوْدَهُ عَلَى بَدْئِهِ, (Sb, K,) [expl. in the TA in art. غبر as meaning He returned without his having obtained, or attained, anything,] and عَوْدًا عَلَى بَدْءٍ: (K:) and رَجَعْتُ عَوْدِى عَلَى بَدْئِى: (Sb:) expl., with other similar phrases, in art. بدأ, q. v.

A2: See also عَائِدٌ.

A3: Also A camel, (IAar, S, O, Msb, K,) and a sheep or goat, (IAar, O, K,) old, or advanced in age: (S, O, Msb, K:) applied to the former, that has passed the ages at which he is termed بَازِل and مُخْلِف: (S, O:) or that has passed three years, or four, since the period of his بُزُول: (Az, TA:) or a camel old, or advanced in age, but retaining remains of strength: (L:) or one old, or advanced in age, and well trained, and accustomed to be ridden or the like: (TA:) fem. with ة: you say نَاقَةٌ عَوْدَةٌ, (As, S, O,) and نَاقَتَانِ عَوْدَتَانِ, (As, TA,) and عَنْزٌ عَوْدَةٌ: (TA:) or one should not say نَاقَةٌ عَوْدَةٌ, nor نَعْجَةٌ عَوْدَةٌ; (Az, TA;) but one says شَاةٌ عَوْدَةٌ: (Az, IAth, O:) the pl. of عَوْدٌ is عِوَدَةٌ (As, S, O, K) and عِيَدَةٌ (O, K) as some say, but this is anomalous, (O,) of a particular dial., and bad; (Az, TA;) and the pl. of عَوْدَةٌ is عوَدٌ. (As, O, TA.) It is said in a prov., إِنْ جَرْجَرَ العَوْدُ فَزِدْهُ وِقْرًا [If the old camel make a grumbling sound in his throat, then increase thou his load]. (S.) and in another, عَوْدٌ يُعَلَّمُ العَنَجِ [expl. in art. عنج]. (O.) b2: It is also applied to man: (S, O:) one says, زَاحِمْ بِعَوْدٍ أَوْ دَعْ, (S, O, K,) (assumed tropical:) Ask thou aid of a person of age, (S, O,) and experience in affairs, (O,) and knowledge, (S, O,) or let it alone; (O;) for the judgment of the elder is better than the aspect, or outward appearance, (مَشْهَد,) of the youth, or young man: (S, O:) or ask aid, in thy war, of perfect men advanced in age: (K:) a proverb. (S, O.) [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 586.] b3: And (tropical:) An old road: (S, O, K:) from the same word as an epithet applied to a camel. (O.) A poet says, (S, O,) namely, Besheer Ibn-En-Nikth, (TA, and so in a copy of the S,) عَوْدٌ عَلَى عَوْدٍ لِأَقْوَامٍ أُوَلْ يَمُوتُ بِالتَّرْكِ وَيَحْيَا بِالعَمَلْ (S, * O, TA) i. e. An old camel upon an old road [belonging to prior peoples], (S, O, TA,) a road that dies away by being abandoned and revives by being travelled. (TA.) And another says, عَوْدٌ عَلَى عَوْدٍ عَلَى عَوْدٍ خَلَقْ i. e. An old man upon an old camel upon an old worn road. (IB, TA.) [See also مُعِيدٌ.] b4: and سُودَدٌ عَوْدٌ means (tropical:) Old [lordship, or glory or honour or dignity]. (S, A, O, K, TA.) [See also عَادِىٌّ.] b5: And إِنَّكَ لَتَمُتُّ بِرَحِمٍ عَوْدَةٍ occurs in a trad., as said by Mo'áwiyeh, meaning [Verily thou seekest to advance thyself in my favour] by an old and remote tie of relationship. (TA.) b6: And عَوْدٌ is used by Abu-n-Nejm as meaning The sun, in the saying, وَتَبِعَ الأَحْمَرَ عَوْدٌ يَرْجُمُهْ [And a sun followed the red dawn, driving it away]: by الأَحْمَر he means الصُّبْح. (TA.) عُودٌ Wood; timber; syn. خَشَبٌ: (Mgh, O, K:) any slender piece of wood or timber: (Lth, TA:) or a piece of wood of any tree, whether slender or thick: or a part, of a tree, in which sap runs, whether fresh and moist or dry: (TA:) a staff; a stick; a rod: and also a sprig: (the lexicons &c. passim:) a branch; or twig; properly, that is cut off; but also applied to one not cut off: (Har p. 499:) [and the stem of the raceme of a palm-tree, and the like: (see فَجَّانٌ, in art. فج:)] pl. [of mult.] عِيدَانٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) originally عِوْدَانٌ, (Msb,) and [of pauc.]

أَعْوَادٌ. (S, O, Msb, K.) b2: [Hence,] رَكَّبَ اللّٰهُ عُودًا عُودًا, (A,) or عُودًا عَلَى عُودٍ, (TA,) God caused the arrow to be put upon the bow, for shooting; (A;) meaning that civil war, or conflict, or faction, or sedition, became excited. (A, TA.) b3: And سَبِيلُ ذِى الأَعْوَادِ (assumed tropical:) Death: الاعواد meaning the pieces of wood upon which the dead is carried: (El-Mufaddal, Az, L:) for the Arabs of the desert, having no biers, put two pieces of wood together, and on them carry the dead to the grave. (Az, L.) b4: And العُودَانِ The pulpit and the staff of the Prophet. (Sh, O, K.) b5: and one says, هُوَ صُلْبُ العُودِ: (tropical:) see art. صلب. b6: and هُوْ مِنْ عُودِ صِدْقٍ and سَوْءٍ (tropical:) [He is of a good branch and of a bad branch]. (TA.) b7: And it is said in a trad. of Shureyh, إِنَّمَا القَضَآءُ جَمْرٌ فَادْفَعِ الجَمْرَ عَنْكَ بِعُودَيْنِ [Verily the exercise of the judicial office is like the approaching live coals; and repel thou the live coals from thee by means of two sticks]: meaning, guard thyself well from the fire [of Hell] by means of two witnesses; like as he who warms himself by means of fire repels the live coals from his place with a stick or other thing that he may not be burned: or act firmly and deliberately in judging, and do thy utmost to repel from thee the fire [of Hell]. (L.) b8: عُودُ الصَّلِيبِ: see يَبْرُوحٌ. b9: العُودُ also signifies [Aloes-wood;] a well-known odoriferous substance; (Msb;) that with which one fumigates himself; (S, O, K; *) a certain aromatized wood, with which one fumigates himself; thus called because of its excellence: (L:) العُودُ الهِنْدِىُّ [which, like عُودُ البَخُورِ and عُودُ النَّدِّ and العُودُ القَمَارِىُّ and العُودُ القُاقُلِّىُّ, is a common, well-known, term for aloes-wood,] is said to be the same as القُسْطُ البَحْرِىُّ. (TA. [See art. قسط.]) b10: And A certain musical instrument, (S, O, L, Msb, K,) well known; (TA;) [the lute; which word, like the French “ luth,” &c., is derived from العُود: accord. to the L, it has four chords; but I have invariably found it to have seven double chords: it is figured and described in my work on the Modern Egyptians: in the present day it is generally played with a plectrum, formed of a slip of a vulture's feather; but in former times it seems to have been usually played upon with the tips of the fingers:] pl. as above, عِيدَانٌ and أَعْوَادٌ. (Msb.) b11: And The bone [called os hyoides] at the root of the tongue; (O, K;) also called عُودُ اللِّسَانِ. (O.) b12: And أُمُّ العُودِ signifies The [portion, or appertenance, of the stomach of a ruminant animal, called] قِبَة, (O,) or قِبَّة, (K,) i. e. the فَحِث: (TA:) pl. أُمَّهَاتُ العُودِ. (O.) عِيدٌ, originally عِوْدٌ, the و being changed into ى because of the kesreh before it, (Az, TA,) An occurrence that befalls, or betides, one, or that happens to one, [or returns to one, of some former affection of the mind or body, i. e.] of anxiety, (S, O, K,) or of some other kind, (S, O,) of disease, or of grief, (O, K,) and the like, (K,) of affliction, and of desire: and accord. to Az, the time of return of joy and of grief. (TA.) b2: [And hence, A festival; or periodical festival;] a feast-day; (KL;) i. q. مَوْسِمٌ; (Msb;) any day on which is an assembling, or a congregating; (K;) [and particularly an anniversary festival:] so called because it returns every year with renewed joy: (IAar, TA:) or, from عَادَ, because people return to it: or from عَادَةٌ, “a custom,” because they are accustomed to it: (TA:) pl. أَعْيَادٌ; the ى being retained in the pl. because it is in the sing., or to distinguish it from أَعْوَادٌ the pl. of عُودٌ; (S, O, Msb;) for regularly its pl. would be أَعْوَادٌ, like as أَرْوَاحٌ is pl. of رِيحٌ. (TA.) [The two principal religious festivals of the Muslims are called عِيدُ الأَضْحَى The festival of the victims (see art. ضحو and ضحى) and عِيدُ الفِطْرِ The festival of the breaking of the fast after Ramadán.] The dim. of عِيدٌ is ↓ عُيَيْدٌ; the ى being retained in it like as it is retained in the pl. (TA.) b3: See also عَادَةٌ, in two places.

A2: Also, A certain sort of mountain-tree, (K, TA,) that produces twigs about a cubit in length, dust-coloured, having no leaves nor blossoms, but having much peel, and having many knots: fresh wounds are dressed with its peel, and close up in consequence thereof. (TA.) عَادَةٌ A custom, manner, habit, or wont; syn. دَأْبٌ, and وَتِيرَةٌ, (MA,) or دَيْدَنٌ: (K:) so called because one returns to it time after time: it respects more especially actions; and عُرْفٌ, sayings; as in indicated in the Telweeh &c.; or, accord. to some, عُرْفٌ and عَادَةٌ are syn.: (MF, TA:) and accord. to El-Mufaddal, [↓ عِيدٌ signifies the same as عَادَةٌ; for he says that] عَادَنِى عِيدِى meansعَادَتِى [i. e. My habit returned to me: but see the next preceding paragraph, first sentence]: (L, TA:) the pl. of عَادَةٌ is عَادَاتٌ (S, O, Msb) and ↓ عَادٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) or rather this is a coll. gen. n., (TA,) and ↓ عِيدٌ, (L, K, TA,) mentioned by Kr, but not of valid authority, (L, TA,) [app. a mistranscription for عِيَدٌ, like حِوَجٌ, a pl. of حَاجَةٌ,] and عَوَائِدُ, (Msb, TA,) like as حَوَائِجُ is pl. of حَاجَةٌ; but, accord. to Z and others, this last is pl. of عَائِدَةٌ, not of عَادَةٌ. (TA.) عَوْدَةٌ: see عَوْدٌ, first three sentences.

عَادِىٌّ An old, or ancient, thing: (S, A, Mgh, * O, Msb, * K:) as though so called in relation to the [ancient and extinct] tribe of 'Ád (عاد). (S, A, O, Msb.) One says خَرِبٌ عَادِىٌّ Old, or ancient, ruins. (Mgh.) And بِئْرٌ عَادِيَّةٌ An old, or ancient, well: (O:) or a well strongly cased with stone or brick, and abounding with water, the origin of which is referred to [the tribe of] 'Ád. (Msb.) And بِنَآءٌ عَادِىٌّ A firm, or strong, building, the origin of which is referred to [the tribe of] 'Ád. (Msb.) And عَادِىُّ أَرْضٍ Land possessed from ancient times. (Msb.) And مُلْكٌ عَادِىٌّ Dominion of old, or ancient, origin. (Msb.) And مَجْدٌ عَادِىٌّ Old, or ancient, glory. (A.) [See also عَوْدٌ.]

عِيدِيَّةٌ an appellation given to Certain excellent she-camels; (S, O, K;) so called in relation to a stallion, (S, O, K,) well-known, (K,) that begat an excellent breed, (S, O,) named عِيدٌ: (O, K:) [so some say:] but ISd says that this is not of valid authority: (TA:) or so called in relation to El-'Eedee Ibn-En-Nadaghee Ibn-Mahrah-Ibn- Heidán: (Ibn-El-Kelbee, O, K:) or in relation to 'Ád Ibn-'Ád: or 'Ádee Ibn-'Ád: (K:) but if from either of the last two, it is anomalous: (TA:) or in relation to the Benoo-'Eed-Ibn-El- 'Ámiree: (O, K:) Az says that he knew not the origin of their name. (L.) b2: And accord. to Sh, [A female lamb;] the female of the بُرْقَان [pl. of بَرَقٌ]; the male of which is called خَرُوف until he is shorn: but this was unknown to As. (L.) عَيْدَانٌ Tall palm-trees: (As, S, O, K:) or the tallest of palm-trees: (K in art. عيد:) but not so called unless the stumps of their branches have fallen off and they have become bare trunks from top to bottom: (AHn, M, TA in art. عيد:) or i. q. رَقْلَةٌ [q. v.]: (AO, TA in art. عيد:) [a coll. gen. n.:] n. un. with ة: (S, O, K:) which As explains as applied to a hard, old tree, having roots penetrating to the water: and he says, ومنه هيمان وعيلان: [but what these words mean, I know not:] (TA:) the word belongs to this art. and to art. عيد: (K in art. عيد:) or it may belong to the present art., or to art. عدن [q. v.]. (Az, S, O.) The Prophet had a bowl [made of the wood] of an عَيْدَانَة, (K, TA,) or, accord. to some, it is preferably written with kesr [i. e.

عِيدَانَة], (TA,) in which he voided his urine. (K, TA.) عَوَادٌ: see عُوَادَةٌ. b2: عُدْ فَإِنَّ لَكَ عِنْدَنَا عَوَادًا حَسَنًا, (S, O, K,) as also عُوَادًا and عِوَادًا, (O, K,) these two only, not the first, mentioned by Fr, (O,) means [Return thou, and thou shalt have with us] what thou wilt like: (S, O, K:) or kind treatment. (TA.) عَوَادِ, [an imperative verbal noun,] like نَزَالِ (S, O) and تَرَاكِ, (S,) means Return thou; syn. عُدْ. (S, O, K.) عُيَيْدٌ dim. of عِيدٌ, q. v. (TA.) عُوَادَةٌ: see عَوْدٌ, first and second sentences. b2: Also, (S, O, K,) and if you elide the ة you say ↓ عَوَادٌ, like لَمَاظٌ and قَضَامٌ, (Az, TA,) [in the O عَوَادَةٌ and عُوَادَةٌ with damm, (but the former is probably a mistranscription,)] Food brought again after its having been once eaten of: (S, O:) or food brought again for a particular man after a party has finished eating. (A, K.) عَوَّادٌ A player upon the عُود [or lute]: (K:) or one who makes, (يَتَّخِذُ,) the stringed عُود [or lute]; (O;) or a maker (مُتَّخِذ) of عِيدَان [or lutes]. (TA.) [Fem. with ة.]

عَائِدٌ A visiter of one who is sick: (Msb, TA:) thus it more commonly and especially means: but it also signifies any visiter of another, who comes time after time: (TA:) pl. عُوَّادٌ (Msb, K) and ↓ عَوْدٌ, (K,) or [rather] عَوْدٌ and عُوَّادٌ signify the same, like زَوْرٌ and زُوَّارٌ, (Fr, O, TA,) but عَوْدٌ is a quasi-pl. n. like as صَحْبٌ is of صَاحِبٌ: (TA:) the fem. is عَائِدَةٌ, of which the pl. is عُوَّدٌ, (Az, Msb, TA,) incorrectly said in the K to be a pl. of عَائِدٌ; and عَوَائِدُ also is a pl. of the fem. (TA.) عَائِدَةٌ fem. of عَائِدٌ [q. v.]. (Az, Msb, TA.) b2: عَائِدَةُ الكَلَامِ: see 4. b3: عَائِدَةٌ also signifies Favour, kindness, pity, compassion, or mercy: (S, O, K:) a favour, a benefit, an act of beneficence or kindness: a gratuity, or free gift: (K:) and [a return, i. e.] advantage, profit, or utility; or a cause, or means, thereof: (S, O, K:) a subst. from عَادَ بِمَعْرُوفٍ: (Msb:) pl. عَوَائِدُ. (A.) One says, فُلَانٌ ذُو صَفْحٍ وَعَائِدَةٍ Such a one is a person of forgiving disposition, and of favour, kindness, or pity. (S, A, O.) And إِنَّهُ لَكَثِيرُ العَوَائِدِ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ [Verily he is one who confers, or bestows, many favours, or benefits, upon his people]. (A.) هٰذَا الشَّىْءُ أَعْوَدُ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ كَذَا means This thing is more remunerative, advantageous, or profitable, to thee than such a thing: (S, O, K: *) or more easy, or convenient, to thee. (A, * TA.) مَعَادٌ, signifying Return, is originally مَعْوَدٌ. (IAth, TA.) See عَوْدٌ, first and third sentences. b2: Also A place to which a person, or thing, returns: a place, state, or result, to which a person, or thing, eventually comes; a place of destination, or an ultimate state or condition: syn. مَرْجِعٌ: and مَصِيرٌ. (S, A, O, K.) b3: [Hence,] المَعَادُ signifies [particularly] The ultimate state of existence, in the world to come; syn. الآخِرَةُ; (M, K, TA;) [and] so مَعَادُ الخَلْقِ: (S, O:) the place to which one comes on the day of resurrection. (TA.) And Paradise. (K.) And Mekkeh: (O, K:) the conquest of which was promised to the Prophet: (TA:) so called because the pilgrims return to it. (O.) لَرَادُّكَ إِلَى مَعَادٍ, in the Kur [xxviii. 85], is expl. as meaning will assuredly return thee, or restore thee, to Mekkeh: (O, K:) or معاد here means Paradise: (K:) or thy fixed place in Paradise: (I'Ab, TA:) or the place of thy birth: (Fr, TA:) or thy home and town: (Th, TA:) or thy usual state in which thou wast born: or thy original condition among the sons of Háshim: or, accord. to most of the expositors, the words mean will assuredly raise thee from the dead. (TA.) b4: And The pilgrimage. (K.) b5: And مَعَادٌ (Lth, TA) and ↓ مَعَادَةٌ (Lth, A, TA) A place of wailing for a dead person: (Lth, A, TA:) so called because people return to it time after time: (Lth, * A:) pl. مَعَاوِدُ. (A.) [Hence,] one says, ↓ لِآلِ فُلَانٍ مَعَادَةٌ, meaning An affliction has happened to the family of such a one, the people coming to them in the places of wailing for the dead, or in other places, and the women talking of him. (Lth, TA.) مَعُودٌ and مَعْوُودٌ, (K,) the latter anomalous, (TA,) A sick person visited. (K.) مُعِيدٌ A stallion-camel that has covered repeatedly; (S, M, O, K;) and that does not require assistance in his doing so. (Sh, O.) b2: and hence, (Sh, O,) applied to a man Acquainted with affairs, (Sh, O, K,) not inexperienced therein, (Sh, O,) possessing skill and ability to do a thing. (O, K. *) One says, فُلَانٌ مُعِيدٌ لِهٰذَا الأَمْرِ, meaning Such a one is able to do this thing: (S, O, Msb, K: *) because accustomed, or habituated, to it. (Msb.) b3: And hence, (O,) or because he returns to his prey time after time, (TA,) The lion, (O, K, TA.) b4: المُبْدِئُ المُعِيدُ applied to God: b5: and مُبْدِئٌ مُعِيدٌ applied to a man, and to a horse: see art. بدأ. b6: مُعِيدٌ also signifies A road travelled and trodden time after time. (TA.) [See also عَوْدٌ.]

مَعَادَةٌ: see مَعَادٌ, last two sentences.

مُعَاوِدٌ Persevering; (Lth, A, K;) applied to a man. (Lth, A.) b2: A courageous man; (S, O, K;) because he does not become weary of conflict. (S, O.) b3: And One skilful in his work. (A.)

مرد

1 مَرَدَ, (aor.

مَرُدَ, inf. n. مَرْدٌ, S, L,) He steeped bread, (S, L, K,) or corn, (Msb,) in water, and mashed it with his hand, so as to soften it: (S, L, Msb, K:) or he soaked bread in water; (M, L;) and so مَرَثَ, and مَرَذَ, with the dotted ذ; or he softened bread in water, and crumbled it with his fingers. (As, L.) b2: مَرَدَهُ He rubbed it (a thing) in water. (TA.) b3: مَرَدَهُ, inf. n. مَرْدٌ, He crumbled it [namely bread &c.], or broke it into small pieces, with his fingers; syn. ثَرَدَهُ. (TA [but only the inf. n. is there mentioned.]) b4: مَرَدَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. مَرْدٌ, He made it (a thing) soft. (L.) b5: مَرَدَهُ and ↓ مرّدهُ He made it (a thing) soft and smooth; he polished it. (L.) See also 2. b6: مَرَدَ, (inf. n. مَرْدٌ, S, L,) He (a child, S, L) mumbled (مَرَسَ) the breast (S, * L, * K) of his mother: (S, L:) or sucked it. (IKtt.) b7: مَرِدَ, aor. ـ, He continued to eat مَرِيد, i. e., dates soaked in milk until rendered soft. (K.) b8: مَرِدَ (tropical:) It (a branch) was, or became, destitute of leaves. (IAar, L.) b9: مَرِدَتِ الأَرْضُ, inf. n. مَرَدٌ, (tropical:) The land was, or became, destitute of herbage, excepting a small quantity. (TA.) b10: مَرِدَ He (a horse) was, or became, without hair upon the fetlock. (IKtt.) b11: مَرِدَ, aor. ـَ (L, Msb, K,) inf. n. مَرَدٌ (S, L, Msb, K) and مُرُودَةٌ; (L, K;) and ↓ تمرّد; (S, A, L, K;) He (a youth, or young man,) was as yet beardless: (Msb:) or had no hair upon his cheeks: (IAar, L:) or remained to a late period without his beard having grown, (L, K,) or without the hair of his face having grown forth. (S, L, Msb) A2: مَرَدَ aor. ـُ (A, L, Msb, K,) inf. n. مُرُودٌ (A, L, K) and مَرْدٌ; (IAar, L;) and مَرُدَ, aor. ـُ (S, L, Msb, K,) inf. n. مَرَادَةٌ (S, L, K) and مُرُودَةٌ; (TA, and some copies of the K;) and ↓ تمرّد; (A, L;) He exalted himself, or was insolent and audacious, in pride and in acts of rebellion or disobedience; (IAar, L;) he was hold, or audacious; (M, L, K;) and immoderate, inordinate, or exhorbitant; or excessively, immoderately, or inordinately, proud, or corrupt, or unbelieving, or disobedient or rebellious; or exalted himself and was inordinate in infidelity; or was extravagant in acts of disobedience and in wrongdoing; or was refractory, or averse from obedience: (S, M, A, L, Msb, K:) or he went to such an extreme as thereby to pass from out of the general state [or category] of that species [to which he belonged]. (M, L, K.) b2: So in the phrase مرد عَلَى الأَمْرِ He was bold or audacious, and immoderate, &c., in the affair: (M, L:) and in like manner, على الشَّرِّ, in evil, or mischief: عَلَيْنَا ↓ تمرّد He acted immoderately, inordinately, or exorbitantly, &c., towards us, or against us. (L.) b3: Some explain مَرُدَ as syn. with خَبُثَ [signifying He was bad, evil, wicked, malignant, noxious, corrupt, &c.]. (MF.) b4: مَارِدٌ وَعَزَّ الأَبْلَقُ ↓ تَمَرَّدَ (tropical:) [Márid hath resisted the attempt to take it, and El-Ablak hath proved strong]: a proverb: (S:) originally said by Ex-Zebbà, the Queen of the Arabs, with reference to two fortresses which she had failed to take. (TA.) A3: مَرَدَ, (L,) inf. n. مَرْدٌ, (L, K,) He (a sailor) pushed, or propelled, a ship or boat, with a مُرْدِىّ. (L, K.) b2: He drove vehemently. (L, K.) A4: مَرَدَ عَلَى شَىْءٍ, [aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. مُرُودٌ; (S, L;) and ↓ تمرّد; (L.) (tropical:) He became accustomed, habituated, or inured, to a thing. (S, L, K.) b2: مَرَدُوا عَلَى النِّفَاقِ [Kur., ix., 102,] (tropical:) They have become accustomed, habituated, or inured, to hypocrisy: (Fr., A, L:) or they have exalted themselves, or become insolent and audacious, in hypocrisy: (IAar:) accord. to Er-Rághib, it is from شَجَرَةٌ مَرْدَآءُ “ a tree without leaves; ”

meaning, (assumed tropical:) they have become destitute of good. (TA.) b3: مَرَدَ عَلَى الكَلَامِ (tropical:) He became accustomed, or habituated, to what was said, so that he cared not for it. (L.) 2 مرّدهُ, inf. n. تَمْرِيدٌ, (tropical:) He stripped it (a branch) of its leaves. (S, A, L.) b2: (tropical:) He stripped it (a branch) of its peel; as also مَرَدَهُ. (TA.) See 1. b3: مرّدهُ, (A, L,) inf. n. تَمْرِيدٌ, (S, L, K,) He made it (a building) smooth (S, A, L, K) and even (L, K) and tall or long; (A;) and plastered it with mud. (L.) 5 تَمَرَّدَ see 1 in five places.

مَرْدٌ [Coll. gen. n.] Bread crumbled, or broken into small pieces, with the fingers, and then moistened with broth; syn. ثَرِيدٌ. (T, L.) b2: What is fresh and juicy of the fruit of the أَرَاك: (T, S, L, K:) what is ripe thereof is called كَبَاثٌ: (T, L:) or [in the CK, and] what is ripe thereof: (L, K:) what has become black being called كباث: (TA in art. برم:) or certain red and large things pertaining thereto: n. un. with ة. (AHn, L.) مَرَدَى: see مَرَطَى.

مُرْدِىٌّ a pole with which a ship, or boat, is pushed, or propelled: (L, K:) or an oar; syn. مِجْذَافٌ. (IKtt.) مَرَادٌ (S, L, K:) and ↓ مَرَّادٌ (K) The neck: (S, L, K:) pl. [of the latter] مَرَارِيدُ. (K.) مَرُودٌ: see مَارِدٌ.

مَرِيدٌ Bread steeped in water, and mashed with the hand: or soaked in water. (L.) b2: Dates soaked in milk until they become soft: (S, L, K:) or dates thrown into milk to become soft, and then mashed with the hand: (As, L:) or moistened, and rubbed and pressed with the fingers till soft, in water or in milk; as also مَرِيسٌ. (Mgh, art. مرس.) b3: Water with milk. (K.) b4: Anything rubbed and pressed with the hand until it becomes flaccid. (As, L.) A2: See مَارِدٌ.

مَرَّادٌ: see مَرَادٌ.

مِرِّيدٌ: see مَارِدٌ.

مَارِدٌ [from مَرَدَ] and ↓ مَرِيدٌ [from مَرُدَ] (S, M, A, L, Msb, K) and ↓ مُتَمَرِّدٌ (A, K) [One who exalts himself, or is insolent and audacious, in pride and in acts of rebellion or disobedience; an insolent and audacious rebel or unbeliever; see 1;] bold or audacious; (M, L, K;) and immoderate, inordinate, or exorbitant; or excessively, immoderately, or inordinately, proud, or corrupt, or unbelieving, or disobedient or rebellious; &c.; see 1; (S, M, A, L, Msb, K;) and strong: (L:) these epithets are applied to evil beings of mankind and of the jinn, (L,) and to any animal: (M, L:) the first is said to be applied to an evil jinnee of the most powerful class: (Mir-át ez-Zemán, &c.) pl. (of the first, M, L,) مَرَدَةٌ (M, L, K) and مُرَّادٌ; (A;) and (of the second, M, L) مُرَدَآءُ. (M, L, K.) ↓ مِرِّيدٌ signifies the same in an intensive degree. (S, L, K.) b2: مَارِدٌ Lofty, high: (L, K:) applied to a building. (TA.) b3: مَارِدٌ and ↓ مَرُودٌ One who often goes and comes, by reason of his briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness. (L.) أَمْرَدُ. b2: شَجَرَةٌ مَرْدَآءُ (tropical:) A tree having no leaves upon it: (Ks, A, L, K:) or, of which the leaves have altogether gone: (AHn, L:) and in like manner, غُصْنٌ أَمْرَدُ (tropical:) a branch having no leaves upon it: (Ks, S, L:) or the latter expression is not used. (T, L.) b3: رَمْلَةٌ مَرْدَآءُ (tropical:) A sand that is plain (L) and produces no plants: (S, A, L, K:) pl. مَرَادٍ, as though it were a subst. (M, L.) b4: أَرْضٌ مَرْدَآءُ (tropical:) An expanse of sands in which nothing grows: pl. مَرَادِى [or مَرَادِىُّ]. (As, T, L.) b5: أَمْرَدُ A youth, or young man, as yet beardless: (Msb:) or having no hair upon his cheeks: (IAar, L:) or who has remained to a late period without the hair of his face having grown forth: (S, Msb:) or whose mustache has grown forth, but not his beard, (L, K,) he having attained the usual age at which the beard grows: (L:) pl. مُرْدٌ: (L:) dim. أُمَيْرِدُ. (A.) You do not apply the epithet مَرْدَآءُ to a girl [in the sense above explained]. (S, L.) It is said in a trad., أَهْلُ الجَنَّةِ جُرْدٌ مُرْدٌ [The people of paradise are without hair upon their bodies, and beardless]. (L.) b6: مَرْدَآءُ A woman having no hair upon her pubes. (M, L, K.) [In some copies of the K, for لَا إِسْبَ لَهَا, we find لا است لها: and the like is found in copies of the A.] b7: أَمْرَدُ A horse having no hair upon the fetlock. (S, L.) مُمَرَّدٌ A building made smooth, and tall or long: (A:) or made smooth: (L:) or made tall or long. (A 'Obeyd, L, K.) جَبَلٌ مُتَمَرِّدٌ (tropical:) [A mountain that opposes obstacles to one's ascent]: pl. جِبَالٌ مُتَمَرِّدَاتٌ. (A.) b2: See مَارِدٌ.

مُرْدَاسَنْجٌ: see مَرْتَكٌ in art. رتك.

قفد

1 قَفِدَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. قَفَدٌ, He was, or became, أَقْفَد, or characterized by what is termed قَفَدٌ, as explained below, [app. in all the senses of these two words]. (S, L, K, &c.) See صَدِفَ

A2: قَفِدَ, (IKtt,) inf. n. قَفَدٌ (S, L, K) and قَفْدَآءُ, (K,) He wound his turban in a particular manner, not making the end to hang down: (S, IKtt, L, K:) you say also, in this sense, تَعَمَّمَ القَفْدَآءَ, (IKtt,) and إِعْتَمَّ القفداء: (S:) accord. to Th, he wound his turban upon the قَفْد of his head: but he does not explain the word قَفْدٌ. (L.) b2: قَفَدَ, aor. ـِ (inf. n. قَفْدٌ, L,) He struck a person on the back of his neck, (L, K,) or, on his head, (IKtt,) or, on his head at the part next the back of the neck, (L,) with the inside of his hand. (IKtt, L, K.) A3: قَفَدَ, (inf. n. قَفْدٌ, TA) He did a deed, or work. (K.) قَفْدٌ: see قَفِدَ.

قَفَدٌ [in the CK, incorrectly, قَفْدٌ] The quality denoted by the epithet أَقْفَدُ, as explained below, [app. in all the senses of this latter word]. (S, L.) b2: An inclining of the foot of a man so that the fore part is seen [distinct] from the hinder part from behind. (L, K.) b3: An erectness of the pastern, and its advancing upon the hoof of a horse: (S, L, K: *) it is only in the hind leg: (A, O, S, L:) is like قُوَامٌ in the fore legs: (IKtt:) and is a fault: (S, L:) or an elevation of [the tendon called] the عُجَايَة, and of the hinder part of the hoof: (L:) or a rigidness in the pastern, as though the animal trod upon the fore part of his hoof. (ISh.) b4: An inclining of a camel's foot (of the fore leg or hind leg, As, S) towards the inner side: (As, S, K:) and in like manner, of a solid hoof: (S, K, voce صَدَفٌ:) the verb is قَفِدَ; and the epithet, أَقْفَدُ: (As, S:) an inclining towards the outer side is termed صَدَفٌ; (TA;) and the epithet in this case is أَصْدَفُ: (As, S:) or, as some say, a natural inclining of the fore part of the fore and hind leg of a beast towards the outer side. (L, TA.) b5: A natural rigidness in the hind legs of camels. (L.) قَفَدَانٌ (S, L) and ↓ قَفَدَانَةٌ (L, K) A خَرِيطَة of leather, for perfumes &c.; (L, K;) the خريطة of a dealer in perfumes: (IDrd, S:) a Persian word [originally قَفْدَانُ] arabicized. (S, L.) قَفَدَانَةٌ: see قَفَدَانٌ. b2: Also, The cover (غِلَاف) of a vessel in which collyrium (كُحْل) is kept; (L, K;) it is made of مشاور; [a word of which I find no appropriate meaning;] and sometimes, of leather. (L.) أَقْفَدُ Having the quality termed قَفَدٌ, as explained above, [app. in all the senses of this latter word]. (S, L.) See أَصْدَفُ. b2: A man (S, L) who walks upon the fore parts of his feet, next the toes, his heels not reaching the ground: (S, L, K.) the verb is قَفِدَ. (K.) b3: A slave (L) having rigid and contracted arms and legs, with short fingers and toes: (L, K:) the verb is قَفِدَ. (K.) b4: A man having a laxness in the heels: fem.

قَفْدَآءُ: and in like manner, an ostrich. (Lth, L.) b5: A man weak, and with lax joints. The verb, applied to a member, is قَفِدَ, inf. n. قَفَدٌ. (L.) b6: A man, and an ostrich, (L,) lax in the neck: (L, K:) the verb, applied to anything that has a neck, is قَفِدَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. قَفَدٌ: (IKtt:) or having a thick neck. (L, K.) b7: A horse (S, L) having the pastern erect and advancing upon the hoof (S, L, K) of the hind foot. (AO, S, L.) See قَفَدٌ. b8: A camel having his fore or hind foot inclining towards the inner side. (As, S, L.) See قَفَدٌ. b9: عِمَّةٌ قَفْدَآءُ A well-known mode of winding the turban, different from the مَيْلَآء. (T.) See قَفِدَ.

شرف

1 شَرُفَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. شَرَفٌ (S, * O, * Msb, * K, TA) and شَرَافَةٌ, (TA,) said of a man, (S, O, TA,) He was, or became, high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) [in rank, condition, or estimation,] in respect of religion or of worldly things: (K, TA:) [generally meaning he was high-born, or noble:] part. n. شَرِيفٌ [q. v.]. (S, O, Msb, K, TA.) [See also شَرَفٌ, below.] b2: [Hence one says,] شَرُفَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ His soul was above the thing; disdained, or scorned, it. (L in art. انف.) b3: شَرَفَتِ النَّاقَةُ, and شَرُفَت, (O, K,) aor. of each ـُ inf. n. شُرُوفٌ, (K,) reg. as of the former verb, and irreg. as of the latter, (TA,) The she-camel was, or became, such as is termed شَارِفٌ [q. v.]. (O, K.) A2: شَرَفَهُ, aor. ـُ (IJ, S, O, K, TA,) inf. n. شَرْفٌ, (TA,) He overcame him, or surpassed him, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]; (IJ, S, O, K, TA;) and so شَرُفَ عَلَيْهِ: (Z, TA:) or he excelled him (طَالَهُ, K, TA, in the CK [erroneously] طاوَلَهُ,) in the grounds of pretension to respect or honour (فِى الحَسَبِ). (K, TA.) See 3. b2: شَرَفَ الحَائِطَ, (K, TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَرْفٌ, (TA,) He put to the wall a شُرْفَة [q. v.]. (K, TA.) [See also 2.]

A3: شَرِفَتِ الأُذُنُ, and شَرِفَ المَنْكِبُ, aor. ـَ (K, TA,) inf. n. شَرَفٌ, (TA,) The ear, and in like manner the shoulder, was, or became, high, (K, TA,) and prominent: or, as some say, stood up. (TA.) A4: And شَرِفَ, [from شَرَفٌ signifying the “ hump ” of a camel,] (O, K,) said of a man, (O,) He kept constantly, or continually, to the eating of the [camel's] hump. (O, K.) 2 شرّفهُ, inf. n. تَشْرِيفٌ, He (God) rendered him high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, [in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled him:] (S, KL, * PS: *) and he held him, or esteemed him, to be so. (MA, PS.) ISd thinks that the verb may also mean He regarded with more, or exceeding, honour. (TA.) [And Golius explains it as meaning He decked with a royal garment; on the authority of the KL; in my copy of which I find no other meaning assigned to it than the first mentioned above.] One says, شَرَّفَ اللّٰهُ الكَعْبَةَ, (O, K, TA,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) [God rendered, or may God render, the Kaabeh an object of honour, or glorious,] from الشَّرَفُ, (O, K, TA,) i. e. المَجْدُ. (TA.) [تَشْرِيفٌ is also used as a subst. properly so called; and as such is expl. by itself in this art.] b2: Also He put to it شُرَف [pl. of شُرْفَةٌ, q. v.]; (O, K;) namely, his house, (K,) or a [palace, or pavilion, or other building such as is called] قَصْر, &c.; inf. n. as above. (O.) [See also شَرَفَ الحَائِطَ.] b3: شرّف المَرْبَأَ, expl. in the K as syn. with اشرفهُ and شارفهُ, is a mistake for تشرّفهُ [q. v.]. (TA.) b4: شرّف النَّاقَةَ, inf. n. as above, means He almost severed the teats of the she-camel by binding them [tightly] with the صِرَار [q. v.]: (IAar, O, TA:) this being done for the preservation of her [stoutness of] body, and her fatness, so that burdens may be put upon her in the coming year. (TA.) b5: [شرّف, app. for شرّف العُنُقَ, is also said by Reiske, as mentioned by Freytag in his Lexicon, to signify He (a camel going along) raised the neck: but his authority for this is not stated.]3 شارفهُ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. مُشَارَفَةٌ, (TA,) He vied with him, or contended with him for superiority, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]; (S, O, K, TA;) ↓ فَشَرَفَهُ and he overcame, or surpassed, him therein. (TA.) b2: See also 5. b3: Also He was, or became, near to it; he drew near to it, or approached it; namely, a thing: and he was, or became, near to attaining it, [and in like manner شارف عَلَيْهِ, as used in the S and K in the beginning of art. بلغ, he was, or became, at the point of reaching it, or attaining it, namely, a place,] or of obtaining it, or getting possession of it: [and he was, or became, at the point of experiencing it, (See Bd in lxxviii. 14,) and doing it; followed by أَنْ and an aor. :] and, as some say, he looked for it, or expected it; his mind told him of it; he looked for its coming to pass. (TA.) See also 4, in two places.4 اشرف It rose; or it was, or became, high or elevated; [so as to overtop, or overlook, what was around it or adjacent to it: overtopped, surmounted, overpeered, overlooked, overhung; was, or became, protuberant, prominent, or projecting: and rose into view, came within sight or view, or became within a commanding, or near, view:] said of a place [&c.]. (Msb.) One says of a piece of ground, أَشْرَفَ عَلَى مَا حَوْلَهُ [It rose above, or overtopped, what was around it]. (Sh, TA.) And أَشْرَفَ لِى شَرَفٌ فَمَا زِلْتُ أَرْكُضُ حَتَّى

عَلَوْتُهُ [An eminence rose into view to me, and I ceased not to urge on my beast until I ascended, or mounted, upon it]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] أَشْرَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ I looked upon it, or viewed it, (S, O, Msb, K, *) from above; (S, O, K;) [I overlooked it, or looked down upon it: and I came in sight of it: got a view of it: and got knowledge of it; became acquainted with it; or knew it: all of which meanings may be intended to be conveyed by the explanation in the Msb, which is اِطَّلَعْتُ عَلَيْهِ:] and الشَّىْءَ ↓ شَارَفْتُ signifies the same as أَشْرَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ [app. in the first of the senses expl. in this sentence, as well as in another sense expl. in what follows]: (S, O:) and ↓ شَارَفُوهُمْ signifies the same as أَشْرَفُوا عَلَيْهِمْ. (TA.) b3: And اشرف عَلَى المَوْتِ He (a sick man) was, or became, on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of death. (O, K.) and اشرف بِهِ عَلَى المَوْتِ [He made him to be on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of death]. (T and K in art. ذرف.) b4: And أَشْرَفَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَلَى شَىْءٍ

His soul was vehemently eager for a thing. (Mgh. [See also 10.]) إِشْرَافٌ signifies The being eager, and the being vehemently eager: and hence the saying, in a trad., مَنْ أَخَذَ الدُّنْيَا بِإِشْرَافِ نَفْسٍ

لَمْ يُبَارَكْ لَهُ فِيهَا [Whoso takes the enjoyments of the present world with eagerness, or vehement eagerness, of soul, he will not be blessed therein]. (TA.) b5: And اشرف عَلَيْهِ He regarded him with solicitous affection or pity or compassion. (O, * K.) b6: [And اشرف لِى He, or it, came within sight, or view, to me; or came within a commanding, or near, view of me: see an ex. voce أَجْهَدَ; and another voce رَبَأَ.] b7: And [hence,] اشرف لَكَ الشَّىْءُ The thing became, or has become, within thy power or reach; or possible, practicable, or easy, to thee. (TA.) A2: See also 5, in two places.5 تشرّف, said of a man, is from الشَّرَفُ, (O,) and signifies صَارَ مُشَرَّفًا [He became elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled]. (K.) b2: تشرّف بِهِ He became elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled; by, or by means of, him, or it: (MA:) [or he gloried, or prided himself, by reason of it, or in it; i. e.] he reckoned it, (S,) or regarded it, (O,) as a glory or an honour [to himself], (S, O,) and a favour. (O.) A2: تشرّف المَرْبَأَ, (S, O, TA,) in the K, erroneously, شَرَّفَهُ; (TA;) and ↓ اشرفهُ; (S, O, K;) and ↓ شارفهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُشَارَفَةٌ; (TA;) He (a man, S, O) ascended, or mounted, upon the elevated place of observation. (S, O, K.) And الشَّىْءَ ↓ اشرف and عَلَى الشَّىْءِ signify the same as [تشرّفهُ and] تشرّف عَلَيْهِ, i. e. He ascended, or mounted, upon the thing. (TA.) b2: It is said in a trad., with reference to certain future trials, or conflicts and factions, (فِتَن,) مَنْ

↓ تَشَرَّفَ لَهَا تَسْتَشْرِفْهُ i. e. Whoso finds a place of refuge [for escaping, or avoiding them, let them invite him, or cause him, to seek, or take, refuge, virtually meaning] let him seek, or take, refuge therein. (O, TA. *) A3: تُشُرِّفَ القَوْمُ The people, or party, had their أَشْرَاف [or eminent, or noble, men, pl. of شَرِيف,] slain. (O, K.) 8 اشترف He, or it, stood up, or upright, or erect; (S, O, TA;) and (TA) so ↓ استشرف [if this be not a mistranscription, which I incline to think it may be as the former verb (of which see the part. n. below) is not mentioned in the K]. (K, TA.) 10 استشرف الشَّىْءَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and لِلشَّىْءِ, (Msb in art. طمح,) He raised his eyes (S, O, Msb, K) towards the thing, (O, K,) or to look at the thing, (Msb,) or looking at the thing, (S,) and expanded his hand over his eyebrow like as does he who shades [his eyes] from the sun. (S, O, K.) A poet says, تَطَالَلْتُ وَاسْتَشْرَفْتُهُ فَرَأَيْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ آأَنْتَ زَيْدُ الأَرَامِلِ [I stretched up myself, and raised my eyes towards him, expanding my hand over my eyebrow like him who is shading his eyes from the sun; and I said to him, Art thou Zeyd-el-Arámil?]. (O.) b2: Hence, (TA,) أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَسْتَشْرِفَ العَيْنَ وَالأُذُنَ, (Mgh, * O, K, TA,) in a trad. (O, TA) relating to the sheep or goat to be slaughtered as a victim on the day of sacrifice, (TA,) means We have been commanded to pay much attention to the eye and the ear, and to examine them carefully, in order that there may not be any such defect as blindness of one eye or mutilation (Mgh, * O, K, TA) of an ear: (TA:) or, (Mgh, O,) as some say, (O,) [in the K “ that is,”] to seek that they be of high estimation, by being perfect (Mgh, * O, K) and sound: (Mgh, O:) or, accord. to some, it is from الشُّرْفَةُ signifying “ the choice ones,” or “ best,” of cattle; and the meaning is, we have been commanded to select them. (TA.) b3: And يَسْتَشْرِفُ مَــعَالِــىَ الأُمُورِ (tropical:) He desires, or seeks, [or raises his eye to,] the means of attaining eminence. (Msb in art. شوف.) b4: استشرف إِبِلَهُمْ means He (a man) smote their camels with the [evil] eye; syn. تَعَيَّنَهَا: (S, TA:) or he looked at them (تعيّنها) to smite them with the [evil] eye. (TA.) b5: استشرفهُ حَقَّهُ He defrauded him of his right, or due. (O, K.) A2: See also 5: A3: and 8.

Q. Q. 1 شَرْيَفْتُ الزَّرْعَ I cut off the شِرْيَاف [q. v.] of the seed-produce; (S, O;) and so شَرْنَفْتُهُ: (O and K * in art. شرنف:) of the dial. of El-Yemen: but Az doubts whether the word be with ن; and the ى and ن are both held by him to be augmentative. (O.) شَرْفٌ: see the next paragraph, near the end.

شَرَفٌ Highness, elevation, exaltation, or eminence, [in rank, condition, or estimation, in respect of religion or of worldly things: (see the first sentence of this art.:)] (S, O, Msb, K:) [generally meaning high birth:] glory, honour, dignity, or nobility; syn. مَجْدٌ: or not unless [transmitted] by ancestors: (K:) [for] accord. to ISk, شَرَفٌ and مَجْدٌ may not be unless [transmitted] by ancestors; but حَسَبٌ and كَرَمٌ may be in a man though he have not ancestors [endowed therewith]: (O:) or, (K,) accord. to IDrd, (O,) it signifies highness of حَسَب [which means grounds of pretension to respect or honour, consisting in any qualities (either of oneself or of one's ancestors) which are enumerated, or recounted, as causes of glorying]: (O, K:) and ↓ شُرْفَةٌ signifies the same as شَرَفٌ; (TA;) or the same as فَضْلٌ and شَرَفٌ [meaning a favour and a glory or an honour]; as in the saying, أَعُدُّ إِتْيَانَكُمٌ شُرْفَةً [I reckon your coming a favour, and a glory or an honour]; (O, K;) and أَرَى ذٰلِكَ شُرْفَةً [I regard that as a favour, and a glory or an honour]: (O:) the pl. of شَرَفٌ is أَشْرَافٌ, like as that of سَبَبٌ is أَسْبَابٌ. (TA.) نُهْبَةٌ ذَاتُ شَرَفٍ means Spoil, or booty, of high value, at which men raise their eyes, and look, or which they smite with the [evil] eye: [see اِسْتَشْرَفَ إِبِلَهُمْ:] but the phrase is also related with س. (TA. See سَرَفٌ.) b2: See also شَرِيفٌ, with which, or with the pls. of which, it is said to be syn. b3: Also An elevated place; an eminence: (S, Mgh, O, K:) accord. to Sh, any piece of ground that overtops what is around it, whether extended or not, only about ten cubits, or five, in length, of little or much breadth in its upper surface: (TA:) pl. أَشْرَافٌ: (TA voce وَطْءٌ:) and مَشَارِفُ الأَرْضِ signifies the high, or elevated, places, or parts, of the earth or ground: (S, Msb, K:) sing. ↓ مَشْرَفٌ, with fet-h to the م and ر. (Msb. [See also مُشْرَفٌ.]) A poet says, آتِى النَّدِىَّ فَلَا يُقَرَّبُ مَجْلِسِى

وَأَقُودُ لِلشَّرَفِ الرَّفِيعِ حِمَارِى

[I come to the assembly, and my sitting-place is not made near to the chief person or persons, and I lead to the high elevated place my ass]: he means, I have become unsound in my intellect in consequence of old age, so that no profit is gotten from my opinion, and I am not able to mount my ass from the ground, unless from a high place. (S.) b4: [Hence, (tropical:) The brink, verge, or point, of some event of great magnitude, or of any importance: not well expl. as meaning] the being on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of some event of great importance, good or evil: (O, K:) one says in the case of good, هُوَ عَلَى شَرَفٍ مِنْ قَضَآءِ حَاجَتِهِ (tropical:) [He is at the point of accomplishing the object of his want]: and in the case of evil, هُوَ عَلَى شَرَفٍ مِنَ الهَلَاكِ (tropical:) [He is on the brink, &c., of destruction]. (O, TA.) b5: And (tropical:) The hump of a camel. (O, K, TA.) b6: And app. sing. of أَشْرَافٌ in a sense expl. below: see the latter word. (TA.) A2: And A heat; a single run, or a run at once, to a goal, or limit: (O, K:) or, (K,) accord. to Fr, about a mile: (O, K:) or about two miles. (TA as from the K and on the authority of Fr.) One says, عَدَا شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْنِ [He ran a heat, or two heats]: (O:) and [in like manner,] اِسْتَنَّتٌ شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْنِ, (O, K,) occurring in a trad., said of a mare, or of horses. (O.) A3: Also, (O, TA,) accord. to IAar, (O,) A red clay or earth: and i. q. مَغْرَةٌ [i. e. red ochre]; as also ↓ شَرْفٌ: accord. to Lth, a kind of trees, having a red dye: and said to be the same as [the Pers\.] دار پرنيان [i. e.

دَارْ پَرْنِيَان, meaning Brazil-wood, which is commonly called in Arabic بَقَّم]. (O, TA: * in the former of which, the Pers\. word here mentioned is written without the points to the پ; and in the latter, الدابرنيان.) شُرْفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, first quarter. b2: Also The choice ones, or best, of مَال [meaning cattle]. (S, O, K.) b3: The شُرْفَة of a [palace, or pavilion, or other building such as is called] قَصْر (S, O, Msb, K) [and of a mosque] is well-known; (K;) [An acroterial ornament, forming a single member of a cresting of a wall or of the crown of a cornice, generally of a fanciful form, and pointed, or small, at the top:] pl. شُرَفٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA,) a pl. of mult., and شُرُفَاتٌ and شُرَفَاتٌ and شُرْفَاتٌ, which are pls. of pauc., or, as some say, شرفات [i. e.

شُرُفَاتٌ] is pl. of ↓ شُرُفَةٌ, with two dammehs: EshShiháb says that شُرْفَات is expl. as meaning the highest portions of a قَصْر; but what are thus termed are only what are built on the top of a wall, distinct from one another, [side by side, like merlons of a parapet,] according to a well-known form: (TA:) the شُرْفَة is what is called by the [common] people ↓ شُرَّافَة: (Ham p. 824:) the شُرَّافَة of a mosque is a word used by the lawyers, and is one of their mistakes, as IB has notified: so says MF: its pl. is شَرَارِيفُ. (TA.) b4: The شُرُفَات (thus with two dammehs, K) of a horse are The neck and قَطَاة [i. e. croup, or rump, or part between the hips or haunches,] thereof. (O, K.) شُرُفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَرِيفٌ High, elevated, exalted, or eminent, (S, O, * Msb, K, TA,) [in rank, condition, or estimation,] in respect of religion or of worldly things: (TA:) [generally meaning high-born, or noble:] possessing glory, honour, dignity, or nobility: or such, and having also [such] ancestry: (TA:) [using it as not implying highness, or nobility, of ancestry,] you say, هُوَ شَرِيفٌ اليَوْمَ [He is high, or noble, to-day], and عَنْ قَلِيلٍ ↓ شَارِفٌ as meaning one who will be شَرِيف [after a little while]: (Fr, S, K:) the pl. [of pauc.] is أَشْرَافٌ and [of mult.]

شُرَفَآءُ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ شَرَفٌ, so in the K, app. denoting that this last is one of the pls. of شريف, and it is said in the O that شَرَفٌ is syn. with شُرَفَآءُ; but in the L it is said that it is syn. with شَرِيفٌ; and hence the saying هُوَ شَرَفُ قَوْمِهِ meaning He is the شَرِيف of his people, and كَرَمُهُمْ meaning the كَرِيم of them; and thus it has been expl. as used in a trad.: (TA:) [but both these assertions are probably correct; for it seems to be, agreeably with analogy, an inf. n. used as an epithet, and therefore applicable to a single person and to a pl. number, and also to two persons, and likewise to a female as well as to a male.] b2: [By the modern Arabs, and the Turks and Persians, it is also applied, as a title of honour, to Any descendant of the Prophet; like سَيِّد. And, with the article ال, particularly to the descendant of the Prophet who is The governor of Mekkeh; now always a vassal of the Turkish Sultán.]

شُرَافِىٌّ, applied to a [lizard of the kind called]

ضَبّ, and to a jerboa, Large in the ears, and in the body: (TA:) and so شُرَافِيَّةٌ applied to a she-camel; (O, K, TA;) as also ↓ شَرْفَآءُ. (TA.) and أُذُنٌ شُرَافِيَّةٌ i. q. شُفَارِيَّةٌ [q. v.], (K, TA,) or An ear that is high, long, and having hair upon it. (IDrd, O, TA.) See also أُذُنٌ شَرْفَآءُ, voce أَشْرَفُ. b2: Also A kind of white garments or cloths: (O, K: *) or a garment, or piece of cloth, that is purchased from a country of the foreigners adjacent to the land of the Arabs. (As, O, K. *) شُرَّافَةٌ; pl. شَرَارِيفُ: see شُرْفَةٌ.

شِرْيَافٌ (S, O, K) and شِرْنَافٌ (O and K in art. شرنف) [but see Q. Q. 1] The leaves of seedproduce that have become so long and abundant that one fears its becoming marred; wherefore they are cut off. (S, O, K.) شَارِفٌ: see شَرِيفٌ. b2: Applied to a she-camel, (assumed tropical:) High [app. meaning much advanced] in age: (A, TA:) or advanced in age; (S, O, K;) decrepit; (IAar, K;) as also شَارِفَةٌ: (K:) [see دَلُوقٌ, in three places:] pl. شُرْفٌ, like بُزْلٌ and عُوذٌ pls. of بَازِلٌ and عَائِذٌ, (S, O,) or شُرُفٌ, like كُتُبٌ, (K,) or the latter is allowable in poetry, (O,) or the former is a contraction of the latter, (IAth, TA,) and شَوَارِفُ [also pl. of شَارِفَةٌ] (O, K) and شُرَّفٌ and شُرُوفٌ: (K:) it is said that شَارِفٌ is not applied to the he-camel; but it is so applied, as well as to the she-camel, accord. to the Towsheeh of El-Jelál. (TA.) Hence, as being likened to black decrepit she-camels, (Aboo-Bekr, TA,) الشُّرُفُ الجُونُ, with two dammehs, [which I think a mistake, unless it mean with a dammeh to each word,] (K,) or الشَّرْفُ الجُونُ, (O, IAth, TA,) occurring in a trad., meaning (assumed tropical:) [Trials, or conflicts and factions,] like portions of the dark night: (O, * K, * TA:) thus expl. by the Prophet: (O, TA:) but some relate it otherwise, with ق, (K,) saying الشُّرْقُ الجون, pl. of شَارِقٌ, (O, * TA,) meaning “ [trials, &c.,] rising (O, K, TA) from the direction of the east. ” (O, TA.) b3: Also applied to an arrow, as meaning Old: (S, O, K:) and applied to a garment or a piece of cloth [app. in the same sense]: (A and TA voce طَرِيدٌ:) or an arrow long since laid by [expl. by بَعِيدُ العَهْدِ بِالصِّيَابَةِ; but I think that the right reading is بعيد العهد لِالصِّيَانَةِ, and have assumed this to be the case in my rendering]: or of which the feathers and the sinews [wherewith they are bound] have become uncompact: or slender and long. (TA.) b4: دَنٌّ شَارِفٌ [A wine-jar] of which the wine is old. (TA.) b5: And شَارِفٌ [alone] A receptacle for wine, such as a خَابِيَة and the like thereof. (O, K.) الشَّارُوفُ A kind of cord or rope; syn. حَبْلٌ: [so in the O, and in one of my copies of the S: in my other copy of the S, and in the K, جَبَلٌ, i. e. the name of a certain mountain:] a postclassical word. (S, O.) b2: And شَارُوفٌ also signifies A broom: (S, O, K:) a Pers\. word, (S,) arabicized, from جَارُوبٌ, (O, K,) originally جَاىْ رُوبْ, which means “ a place-sweeper. ” (O.) أَشْرَفُ [More, and most, high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, in rank, condition, or estimation; &c.; generally meaning more, and most, high-born or noble; (see شَرِيفٌ;)] surpassing in شَرَف. (S, O.) b2: مَنْكِبٌ أَشْرَفُ A high shoulder; (S, O, K;) such as has a goodly rising; which implies what is termed إِهْدَآء [inf. n. of أَهْدَأَهُ, and here app. meaning the “ being curved in the back ”]. (TA.) And أُذُنٌ شَرْفَآءُ A long ear; (S, O, K;) standing up; rising above what is next to it: and so اذن ↓ شُرَافِيَّةٌ. (TA.) b3: See also شُرَافِىٌّ [أَشْرَفُ also signifies Having a prominent, or an apparent, ear: opposed to أَسَكُّ, q. v. b4: Hence,] الأَشْرَفُ is an appellation of The bat; (O, K, TA;) because its ears are prominent and apparent: it is bare of downy and other feathers, and is viviparous, not oviparous: so in the saying of Bishr Ibn-ElMoatemir, وَطَائِرٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَكْرُ وَطَائِرٌ أَشْرَفُ ذُو جُرْدَةٍ

[And a flying thing that has prominent and apparent ears and a denuded body, and a flying thing that has no nest]: (O, TA:) in the K is added, and another bird, that has no nest, &c.: but this is taken from an explanation of the latter hemistich of the verse cited above; which explanation is as follows: (TA:) the bird that has no nest is one of which the Bahránees [so in the TA, but accord. to the O “ the sailors,”] tell that it does not alight save while it makes, of the dust, or earth, a place in which it lays its eggs, and which it covers over; then it flies into the air, and its eggs break open of themselves at the expiration of the term thereof; and when its young ones are able to fly, they do after the habit of their parents. (O, L, TA: and the same is said, less fully, in the K.) b5: مَدِينَةٌ شَرْفَآءُ A city having شُرَف, (Mgh, O, K, *) pl. of شُرْفَةٌ [q. v.]: (O:) the pl. of أَشْرَفُ and of شَرْفَآءُ, accord. to rule, is شُرْفٌ. (Mgh. [In the copies of the K, الشُّرُفُ is erroneously said to be pl. of الشَّرْفَآءُ.]) It is said in a trad. of Ibn-' Abbás, أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَبْنِىَ المَدَائِنَ شُرْفًا وَالمَسَاجِدَ جُمًّا i. e. We have been commanded to build cities with شُرَف and mosques without شُرَف. (Mgh, O. *) أَشْرَافٌ The ears and nose of a man: (O, K, TA:) its sing. in this sense is not mentioned: it is app. ↓ شَرَفٌ; like سَبَبٌ, sing. of أَسْبَابٌ. (TA.) تَشْرِيفٌ inf. n. of 2 [q. v.]. (S &c.) b2: [and also a post-classical term applied to An honorary present, such as a garment &c.: and a letter, i. e. an epistle, considered as conferring honour: pl. تَشْرِيفَاتٌ.]

مَشْرَفٌ: see شَرَفٌ, in the middle of the paragraph: and see also what here next follows.

مُشْرَفٌ, (O, K,) like مُكْرَمٌ, (K,) or ↓ مَشْرَفٌ [q. v. voce شَرَفٌ], (so in my two copies of the S,) A place from which one overlooks, i. e. looks upon, or views, [a thing] from above. (S, O, K.) b2: Hence the saying in a trad., مَا جَآءَكَ مِنْ هٰذَا المَالِ وَأَنْتَ غَيْرُ مُشْرَفٍ وَلَا سَائِلٍ فَخْذْهُ (O, TA) i. e. [What comes to thee of this property] thou not coveting nor looking for it [nor asking it, take it]. (O.) مُشْرِفٌ [part. n. of 4;] High; (S, Mgh, Msb;) [or overtopping; &c.;] applied to a mountain, (S,) or a place. (Mgh, Msb.) سُيُوفٌ مَشْرَفِيَّةٌ Certain swords, (S, O, K,) so called in relation to مَشَارِفُ, (S,) or in relation to مَشَارِفُ الشَّامِ, (O, Msb, K,) i. e. certain towns, or villages, of the land of the Arabs, near to the رِيف [q. v.]: (S, O, Msb, K:) so says AO: (S, O:) or, as some say, this is a mistake, and they are so called in relation to a place of El-Yemen: (Msb:) [or, accord. to some, in relation to المَشَارِفُ, certain towns, or villages, near Howrán: (see De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., iii. 53:)] and it is said that مَشْرَف was the name of a blacksmith who made swords: (TA:) one says سَيْفٌ مَشْرَفِىٌّ, (S, O, Msb,) not مَشَارِفِىٌّ, because a rel. n. is not formed from a pl. of the measure of مَشَارِفُ. (S, O.) مُشَرَّفٌ [Elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled]; (K, TA;) an epithet applied to a man; from الشَّرَفُ. (TA.) A2: Also A garment, or piece of cloth, dyed with the red clay or earth [&c.] called شَرَف. (IAar, TA.) مَشْرُوفٌ (S, TA) and مَشْرُوفٌ عَلَيْهِ (Z, TA) Overcome, or surpassed, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]. (S, Z, TA.) مُشْتَرِفٌ A horse high in make. (S, O, K.)

ثعل

1 ثَعِلَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. ثَعَلٌ, His teeth were irregular in their places of growth, and overlying one another: (Msb:) [or he had a tooth, or teeth, in excess, or exceeding the usual number, and growing behind the others: see what follows.] And ثَعِلَتِ السِّنُّ The tooth exceeded the usual number, (Msb, K,) being behind the other teeth: or entered beneath another, being irregular in the place of growth. (K.) [See also ثُعْلٌ.]4 اثعلوا, said of guests, They were, or became, numerous, or many, (K, TA,) and straitened, or crowded, one another: (TA:) so, too, said of men coming to water. (K, TA.) b2: اثعلوا عَلَيْنَا They acted contrarily, or adversely, to us; they opposed us. (Lth, S, K.) b3: اثعل said of a recompense, or reward, It was, or became, great. (K.) b4: And said of an affair, It was so great that one knew not how to apply himself to it: (K:) it implies incongruity. (TA.) ثَعْلٌ: see ثُعْلٌ.

ثُعْلٌ (K, and Ham p. 647) and ↓ ثَعَلٌ and ↓ ثُعْلُولٌ, (K,) the last from Ibn-'Abbád, (TA,) A tooth in excess, or exceeding the usual number, (K, and Ham ubi suprà,) behind the other teeth: (K:) or the entering of a tooth beneath another, with irregularity in the place of its growth: (K:) or ↓ ثَعَلٌ signifies superfluities in the teeth, and irregularity in their places of growth, so that they overlie one another: (S:) or the teeth's overlying one another, and the excess of a tooth among them [beyond the usual number]. (Har p. 243.) b2: And ثُعْلٌ (S, K, and Ham ubi suprà) and ↓ ثَعْلٌ and ↓ ثَعَلٌ (K) An excess, or a redundance, (K and Ham,) [i. e.] a small teat in excess, [in addition to the usual number,] (S,) in, or among, the teats of a sheep or goat, (S, K, Ham,) and of a she-camel, (S, K,) and of a cow: (K:) it does not yield milk, though hyperbolically described as doing so. (S. [But see ثَعُولٌ.]) b3: Also ثُعْلٌ, [not ثُــعَالٌ as in Freytag's Lex.,] A certain animalcule that appears in a skin used for holding water or milk when its odour has become bad. (Ibn-'Abbad, K. *) ثَعَلٌ: see ثُعْلٌ, in three places.

ثُعَلٌ: see ثُــعَالَــةُ. b2: One says in reviling a man, هٰذِا الثُّعَلُ وَالكُعَلُ, meaning This ignoble fellow, that is naught. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) ثُعْلُولٌ: see ثُعْلٌ. b2: Also A ewe, or she-goat, that may be milked from three places, or four, (Ibn-'Abbád, K,) by reason of an excess in the [number of] teats. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA. [See also ثَعُولٌ.]) A2: Angry. (Lth, K.) ثَــعَالٍ: pl. of ثَعْلَبُ [q. v.]. (K in art. ثعلب.) ثُــعَالٌ: see ثُــعَالَــةُ.

ثَعُولُ, applied to a she-camel, a cow, and a sheep or goat, Having an excess, or a redundance, in the [number of] teats: or having, above her teat, a small teat: or having a nipple in excess: (K:) or a ewe, or she-goat, having a ثُعْل [q. v.]: or, accord. to some of the lexicologists, a ewe, or she goat, that may be milked from her ثُعْل. (Ham p. 647. [See also ثُعْلُولٌ.]) b2: طَعْنَةٌ ثَعُولٌ A wound made with a spear or the like from which the blood is scattered, or sprinkled. (TA.) b3: جَيْشٌ ثَعُولٌ A numerous army. (TA.) and كَتِيبَةٌ An army, or a collected portion thereof, having with it much rabble and many followers: (K:) regard is had in it to multitude and crowding. (TA.) ثُــعَالَــةُ, a determinate noun, The ثَعْلَب [or fox]; (S, O;) as also ↓ ثُعَلٌ: (IDrd, TA:) or the female ثعلب; as also ↓ ثُــعَالٌ. (K.) A2: ثُــعَالَــةُ Dry herbage: or ثُــعَالَــةُ is [the plant commonly called]

عِنَبُ الثَّعْلَبِ [see art. ثعلب]: (K:) this is from AHn. (TA.) أَثْعَلُ A man whose teeth are irregular in their places of growth, and overlying one another: (Msb:) or having superfluities in his teeth, and irregularity in their places of growth, so that they overlie one another: (S:) or having a tooth in excess, (Mgh, K,) behind the other teeth: (K:) or having a tooth entering beneath another, being irregular in the place of growth: (K:) fem. ثَعْلَآءُ, applied to a woman; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) and also to a gum (لِثَةٌ): (K:) pl. ثُعْلٌ. (Msb, TA.) b2: A portly, or corpulent, personage, or chief, characterized by superabundances of benificence, or bounty. (Lth, K.) مُثْعِلٌ Spread, scattered, or sprinkled. (TA.) b2: ورْدٌمُثْعلٌ [A company of men coming to water] straitening, or crowding, one another. (K.) b3: جَآءَ القَوْمُ مُثْعِلِينَ The people, or company of men, came in a connected, or continnous, body. (TA.) أَرْضٌ مَثْعَلَةٌ A land in which are many ثَــعَالِــب [or foxes]; (S, K;) like مَعْقَرَةٌ meaning “ a land in which are many عَقَارِب [or scorpions]; ” (S;) as also مُثَعْلِبَةٌ. (K in art. ثعلب. [But see this last word.])

ورث

1 وَرِثَ, aor. ـِ (S, K,) an instance of deviation from a constant rule, there being only the following verbs of the measure فَعِلَ which have the aor. sts of the measure يَفْعِلُ only, namely, وَثِقَ, وَرِثَ, وَرِعَ, وَرِمَ, وَرِىَ, وَفِقَ, وَلِىَ, and وَمِقَ, (Ibn-Málik and others,) and وَصِبَ: (TA, art. وَصب:) the و falls out in يَرِثُ [&c.] because it occurs between ى and kesreh; and in those persons of the aor. which begin with ا and ت and ن because these letters are changed from ى, which is the original: (S:) inf. n. وِرْثٌ and إِرْثٌ, (S, K,) in which the و is changed into أ, (S,) and رِثَةٌ, (S, K,) in which the ة is a substitute for the [elided] و, (S,) and وِرَاثَةٌ (S, K,) [the most common form] and إِرَاثَةٌ, (TA,) and accord. to some مِيرَاثٌ, but this is an error, for مِفْــعَالٌ is not one of the measure of inf. ns., (ISd,) [but it is used by some of the professors of practical law as an inf. n.,] and تُراثٌ: (Msb [but see وِرْثٌ below]:) He inherited. (S, K, &c.) You say وَرِثَ أَبَاهُ He inherited [the property of] his father: (S, K:) but the original phrase is وَرِثَ مَالَ أَبِيهِ He inherited the property of his father. (Msb.) Also وَرِثَ مِنْ أَبِيهِ (and عَنْهُ, A,) He inherited of his father: (K:) or he inherited part of the property of his father. (Msb.) And وَرِثَ الشَّىْءَ مِنْ أَبِيهِ He inherited the thing of, or from, his father. (S.) When you say وَرِثَ زَيْدٌ أَبَاهُ مَالًا [Zeyd inherited of his father property], the word مالا is a second objective complement, if the verb be doubly trans.; or it is a substitute of implication (بَدَلُ اشْتِمَالٍ) for زيد. (MF.) You say وَرِثْتُهُ مَالَهُ, and مَجْدَهُ, I inherited his property, and, (tropical:) his glory: and وَرِثْتُهُ عَنْهُ I inherited it from him. (TA.) 2 ورثّهُ, inf. n. تَوْرِيثٌ, He included him among the heirs of his property: (S:) or made him to be one of his heirs: (TA:) [see also 4:] or ورثّهُ مَالًا he included him among his heirs, he not being one of them, and assigned him a portion: (Az, Msb:) [in like manner,] ورّث فِى مَالِهِ he included among his heirs of his property one or more not of them. (TA.) b2: وَرَّثْتُ فُلَانًا مِنْ فُلَانٍ I made such a one to be the heir of such a one. (TA.) See 4.

A2: ورّث He stirred a fire, in order that it might burn up, or blaze: (K:) a dial. form of أَرَّثَ, q. v. (TA.) 4 اورثهُ الشَّىْءَ He (his father) made him to inherit the thing. (S.) b2: اورثهُ إِيرَاثًا حَسَنًا He made him to have a goodly inheritance. (TA.) اورثهُ الإِرْثَ, and المِيرَاثَ, and إِيَّاهْ ↓ ورّثهُ, He made him to inherit the heritage. (A.) b3: اورثهُ and ↓ ورثّهُ He (his father) made him to be one of his heirs. (K.) [See also 2.] b4: اورث وَلَدَهُ He made his son sole heir. (Az.) b5: اورثهُ شَيْئًا (tropical:) It occasioned him, as its result, a thing. Ex. اورثه المَرَضُ ضَعْفًا (tropical:) The disease occasioned him, as its result, weakness. (TA.) 6 تَوَارَثوُهُ كَابِرًا عَنْ كَابِرٍ (tropical:) [They inherited it by degrees, one great in dignity and nobility from another great in dignity and nobility]. (S.) [See art. كبر.] b2: تَوَارَثَنِى الحَوَادِثُ (Bedr Ibn-'Ámir El-Hudhalee) (tropical:) Misfortune took me by turns, as though they inherited me, one from another. (TA.) وَرْثٌ (tropical:) What is fresh, juicy, or moist, of things. (K.) وِرْثٌ and ↓ إِرْثٌ [see 1] and ↓ تُرَاثٌ (in which the ت is originally و, S,) and مِيرَاثٌ (originally مِوْرَاثٌ, the و being changed to ى because of the kesreh immediately preceding it, S.) What is inherited; an inheritance, or a heritage: or, accord. to some, ورث and ميراث are used with reference to property, or wealth; and ارث with reference to rank or quality, nobility or eminence, reputation, or the like, in Arabic, حَسَب: (M:) [the pl. of ميراث is مَوَارِيثُ.] [See also art. أرِث.] b2: أُثْبُتُواعَلَى مَشَاعِرِكُمْ هٰذِهِ فَإِنَّكُمْ عَلَى

إِرْثٍ مِنْ إِرْثِ إِبْرٰهِيمَ (tropical:) Remain ye steadfast in the observance of these your rites, or ceremonies; for ye act [therein] according to usage inherited from Abraham. (TA, [app. from A'Obeyd].) [See also إِرْثٌ in art أرث.] b3: لَهُمْ إِرْثُ مَجْدٍ (tropical:) They have an inheritance of glory. (TA.) وَرْثَةٌ Fire. (L.) وَارِثٌ An heir: pl. وُرَّاث and وَرَثَةٌ. (Msb.) b2: It is said in a prayer (of Mohammad, TA) أَللّٰهُمَّ أَمْتِعْنِى بِسَمْعِى وَبَصَرِى وَاجْعَلْهُ الوَارِثَ منِّى [O God, cause me to enjoy my hearing and my sight, and make it (i. e. the enjoyment that I pray for, TA) survive me: or,] make it to continue with me until I die. (K.) Or, accord. to another relation, which substitutes وَاجْعَلْهُمَا for واجعله, make them both to continue with me, sound, until I die. Or, as some say, what is meant is the continuance and strength of those two faculties in old age, so that they may survive all the other powers: so says ISh. Some say, that by سَمْع is meant the remembering of what is heard, and the acting according thereto; and by بَصَر, the being admonished by what is seen, and the light of the heart, whereby one escapes from perplexity and darkness to the right course. (TA.) b3: الوَارِثُ (as an epithet applied to God, TA.) He who remains after the creatures have perished. (K.) He remains after everything beside Him has perished; and thus, what was the property of mankind, his servants, returns to Him. (TA.) إِرْثٌ: see وِرْثٌ, and 1.

مِيرَاثٌ: see وِرْثٌ, and 1.

تُرَاثٌ: see وِرْثٌ, and 1.

مَوْرُوثٌ Property inherited. (Msb.) المَجْدُ مُتَوَارَثٌ بَيْنَهُمْ (tropical:) Glory is inherited among them. (A.)

فرم

2 تَفْرِيمٌ [as an inf. n. of which the verb is فَرَّمَت] signifies A woman's contracting her فَلْهَم (or قُبُل, TA) [i. e. vulva or vagina] with the stones of raisins [which were supposed to have an astringent property, or with some other medicament: see فَرْمٌ: and see also 10]: and so تَفْرِيبٌ. (IAar, T.) 3 فِرَامٌ [app. as an inf. n. of which the verb is فَارَمَت] signifies A woman's menstruating, and stuffing her vulva with a piece of rag: and one says of her who has done this, ↓ اِفْتَرَمَت [and app. also فَاَرَمَت]. (T, K.) [See also فِرَامَةٌ.] b2: It occurs in a trad. [as an inf. n.] used in the sense of مُجَامَعَة [meaning (tropical:) The act of compressing]. (IAth, TA.) 4 افرم He filled (T, S, K) a watering-trough (T, K) or a vessel: (S:) of the dial. of Hudheyl. (T, S.) 8 اِفْتَرَمَت, said of a woman: see 3.10 اِسْتَفْرَمَت She (a woman) applied a medicament to her vulva, or vagina, to contract it: (S, K: *) or she stuffed her vulva, or vagina, (T, TA,) with the stones of raisins, and the like: (TA:) the women of [the tribe of] Thakeef, having a wideness in that part, made this use of the stones of raisins, desiring thereby to contract it: (M, TA: *) [see also 2: and see فَرْمٌ:] the epithet ↓ فَرْمَآءُ is applied to her who does thus; as also ↓ مُسْتَفْرِمَةٌ. (M, K.) b2: And [hence] one says of a mare, اِسْتَفْرَمَتْ بِالحَصَى, meaning (assumed tropical:) She caused the pebbles to enter her vulva by her vehement running. (TA. [And the same is implied in the S by an ex. and explanation of the part. n.]) فَرْمٌ, (T, S, M, K,) and ↓ فَرْمَةٌ, (S, K,) and ↓ فِرَامٌ, (M, K,) A medicament, or remedial application, (T, S, M, K,) such as the stones of raisins, (T, M,) used by a woman for the purpose of contracting her vulva, or vagina. (T, S, M, K.) فَرَمٌ The rag that is used on the occasion of menstruation: (IAth, TA:) and ↓ مَفَارِمُ signifies the rags used on the occasion thereof; and [may be an irreg. pl. of فَرَمٌ, like as مَشَابِهُ is held to be of شَبَهٌ, but it is said that it] is a pl. having no sing.: (M, TA:) [in the K, in art. حشو, the ↓ مَفَارِمُ (there in the CK erroneously written مَقَارِم) are said to be used by the مُسْتَحَاضَة: see 8 in that art.]

فَرْمَةٌ: see فَرْمٌ.

فَرْمَآءُ: see 10.

فِرَامٌ: see فَرْمٌ: A2: and see also the next following paragraph.

فِرَامَةٌ The piece of rag which a woman bears [stuffed] in her vulva, or vagina: (Az, T, K:) or her menstruating, and stuffing her vulva with a piece of rag; like ↓ فِرَامٌ [as expl. above: see 3]. (K.) أَفْرَمُ A man (TA) whose teeth become much broken. (K, TA.) مُفْرَمٌ Filled with water (T, M) &c.: (M:) mentioned by A'Obeyd, as applied to a wateringtrough: (T:) and applied also to a شِعْب [or road in a mountain, &c.,] as meaning filled with men, or people: (M:) of the dial. of Hudheyl. (T, M.) مَفَارِمُ: see فَرَمٌ, in two places.

مُسْتَفْرِمَةٌ: see 10.

فقه

1 فَقِهَ, aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. فِقْهٌ, the verb being like عَلِمَ and the inf. n. like عِلْمٌ, in measure and in meaning, (TA,) or فَقَهٌ; (JK; [and the same seems to be implied in the Msb and the K;]) and فَقُهَ; (Msb, K;) He had, or possessed, what is termed فِقْهٌ, meaning understanding, (S, K,) and knowledge, and intelligence, and especially knowledge of the law (عِلْمُ الدِّينِ): (K:) or both are syn. with عَلِمَ: (Msb, TA:) or فَقُهَ, of which the inf. n. is فَقَاهَةٌ, (S, TA,) or فِقْهٌ, (JK,) signifies [peculiarly] he had, or possessed, knowledge of the law (عِلْم الشَّرِيعَة): (S:) or this latter verb signifies he had, or possessed, what is termed فِقْةٌ as a faculty firmly rooted in his mind: (Msb, TA:) or, accord. to IB, i. q. ↓ تَفَقَّهَ [q. v., as intrans.]: and he was, or became, [a فَقِيه, q. v., or] equal to the فُقَهآء. (TA in art. علم: see علم.) One says, فُلَانٌ لَا يَنْقَهُ [which may be rendered Such a one will not understand nor comprehend: but the two verbs are exactly syn.]. (S.) And to the witness one says, كَيْفَ فَقَاهَتُكَ لِمَا

أَشْهَدْ نَاكَ [app. meaning How is thy understanding of (or how understandest thou) what we have made thee to witness?]: it is not said to any other than the witness: (K, TA:) thus in the M: (TA:) or, accord. to Z, it is said to other than the witness. (K, * TA.) b2: And فَقِهَهُ, (Mgh, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. فِقْهٌ, (K,) He understood it, (Mgh, K,) namely, a meaning, (Mgh,) or a thing that one explained to him; (TA;) as also ↓ تفقّههُ. (K.) b3: See also 3.2 فقّههُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَفْقِيهٌ, (K,) He (God) made him to know or have knowledge [or to understand, or instructed him], or taught him; (S, * K, TA;) and (K) so ↓ افقههُ, (Msb, K,) or he made him to understand. (S, Mgh.) It is said in a trad., اَللّٰهُمَّ عَلِّمْهُ الدِّينَ وَفَقِّهْهُ فِى التَّأْوِيلِ i. e. O God, teach him الدين [app. here meaning the science of the law] and [instruct him in] the تأويل [or interpretation, &c.,] and the meaning thereof. (TA.) And you say, الشَّىْءَ ↓ أَفْقَهْتُكَ I made thee to understand, (S, Msb, *) or I taught thee, (Msb,) the thing. (S, Msb.) And ↓ أَفْقَنْتُهُ I explained to him the learning of الفِقْه [meaning the science of the law]. (T, TA.) 3 فاقههُ He searched with him into [matters of] science, disputing with him, (S, K,) ↓ فَفَقَهَهُ, aor. ـُ [inf. n. فَقْهٌ,] and he overcame him therein. (K.) 4 أَفْقَهَ see 2, in three places.5 تفقّه He learned knowledge, or science: (M voce سَوَّدَ:) [and particularly] he learned الفِقْه [meaning the science of the law]: (JK:) or he took, or applied himself, to the acquisition of الفِقْه [meaning thus]. (S, TA.) And تفقّه فِى العِلْمِ is like تَعَلَّمَ [meaning He became, or made himself, learned, or thoroughly learned, in science]. (Msb.) لِيَتَفَقَّهُوا فِى الدِّينِ, in the Kur ix. 123, means That they may task themselves to obtain understanding in الدّيَنْ [i. e. the law, or religion in general], imposing upon themselves the difficulties attendant on the acquisition thereof. (Ksh, Bd.) See also 1, in two places; in the latter of which it is mentioned as transitive.

فِقْهٌ [as a simple subst.] signifies Understanding (S, Msb, K) of a thing; (Msb, K;) and knowledge thereof; (Msb, K;) and intelligence: (K:) accord. to IF, any knowledge of a thing is thus termed: (Msb:) [hence فِقْهُ اللُّغَةِ The science of lexicology is the title of a work written by him; and of another work, by Eth-Tha'álibee:] and, as used by the lawyers [and others], الفِقْهُ denotes a particular science; (Msb;) it signifies particularly, (S, TA,) or predominantly, (K, TA,) The science of the law; [jurisprudence;] (S, K, TA;) syn. عِلْمُ الشَّرِيعَةِ, (S, TA,) or عِلْمُ الدِّينِ, [which is the same as علم الشريعة,] because of its preëminence (K, TA) above the other kinds of science: (TA:) and more particularly, the science of the فُرُوع [or derivative institutes] of the law. (TA.) فَقُهٌ; and its fem., with ة: see the next paragraph.

فَقِيهٌ Any one possessing knowledge of a thing. (TA.) فَفِيهُ العَرَبِ signifies The عَالِــم [or man of knowledge] of the Arabs; (TA;) and was an appellation given to El-Hárith Ibn-Keledeh (الحٰرِثُ بْنُ كَلَدَةَ), who was also called طَبِيبُ العَرَبِ [as is said in the S in art. ازم], because this appellation is syn. with the former; but IKh and El-Hareeree do not mean by فقيها لعرب any particular person. (Mz, close of the 39th نوع.) b2: [Particularly and predominantly,] فَقِيهٌ signifies One possessing knowledge of the law; [a lawyer;] (S, K;) as also ↓ فَقُهٌ; (Msb, K;) fem. فَقِيهَةٌ and ↓ فَقُهَةٌ: pl. [of فَقِيهٌ] فُقَهَآءُ; and [of فَفِيهَةٌ] فَقَائِهُ and فُقَهَآءُ; (K;) the last of these pls. mentioned by Lh, and anomalous, as applied to women: ISd says, “ in my opinion, he, of the Arabs, who says فُقَهَآء

[in speaking of women] takes no account of the fem. ة: it is like فُقَرَآءُ applied to women. ” (TA.) [In Egypt, the appellation فِقِى, a vulgar corruption of فَقِيه, is now applied to A schoolmaster; and to a person who recites the Kur-án &c. for hire.] b3: فَحْلٌ فَقِيهٌ means A stallion [camel] expert in covering, (K, TA,) that knows well the she-camels that are lusting, and the pregnant. (TA.) المُسْتَفْقِهَةُ The female companion of the wailing woman, who responds to her (K, TA) in what she says; because she catches and retains quickly, and understands, what she [the former] says, and to reply to it: [as though it signified “ she who seeks, or desires, to understand: ”] it is said in a trad. that each of these persons is cursed by God. (TA.)

لوث

1 لَاثَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. لَوْثٌ, He folded a thing: (IAar, IKt:) and twisted it. (IAar.) These are the original meanings. (IAar, IKt.) b2: He turned a thing round twice; as a turban is turned round, and an إِزَار. (TA.) b3: He bound, or wound round, a turban. (K.) Yousay لَاثَ العَمِامَةَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ, aor. and inf. n. as above, He bound, or wound round, the turban on his head. (S.) b4: لَاثَ الوَبَرَ بِالفَلْكَةِ He wound the camel's hair round the whirl of the spindle. (TA.) b5: الأَسْقِيَةُ الِتَّى تُلَاثُ عَلَى أَفْوَاهِهَا The skins that are bound and tied round their mouths. (TA, from a trad.) b6: لَاثَ, aor. ـُ He (a man) went round about; syn. دَارَ. (S.) b7: لَاثَ بِشَىْءٍ He went round about a thing; syn. طاف به. (TA.) b8: لَاثَ بِهِ النَّاسُ, and ↓ الاث, The people collected around him. (TA, from a trad.) b9: لَاثَتْ قَرُنًا مِنْ قُرُونِهَا بِالدُّهْنِ She surrounded, or, as some say, intermixed [one of her locks of hair with ointment]. (TA, from a trad.) b10: لَاثَ, and ↓ الاث, and ↓ التاث, It (a plant, or tree, or herbage,) became tangled and luxuriant. (TA.) b11: لَاثَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. لَوْثٌ, He rolled about a morsel of food in melted fat or the like. (K.) b12: لَاثَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. لَوْثٌ, He chewed, or mumbled, a thing; syn. لَاكَ; (K;) such as a morsel of food, &c. (TA) b13: لَاثَهُ المَطَرُ, and ↓ لوّثهُ, The rain laid it, or mixed it, (i. e., a plant,) part over part. (TA.) b14: لَاثَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. لَوْثٌ; (K;) or لَوِثَ, [aor. ـْ inf. n. لَوَثٌ; (L;) and ↓ التاث, (S, K,) He was slow, or tardy, (S, K,) فِى عَمَلِهِ in his work, (S,) or فِى الأَمْرِ in the affair. (K.) b15: ↓ التاث He (a camel) was slow, or tardy and languid. (TA, from a trad.) b16: لَاثَ عَنْ حَاجَتِى He was slow, tardy, or tedious, in accomplishing my want. (TA.) b17: لَاثَ لَوْثًا مِنَ الكَلَامِ He twisted his speech, and did not make it plain by reason of shame. (IKt, TA, from a trad.) [Similarly, فى كَلَامِهِ ↓ التاث. (A.)] b18: لَاثَ He was slow in speech, and heavy in tongue. (TA.) b19: See 8. b20: لَاثَ الدَّارَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. لَوْثٌ, He kept to the house. (K.) b21: لَاثَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. لَوْثٌ; and ↓ لوّث, inf. n. تَلْوِيثٌ; He mixed, and steeped, or macerated, in water. (K.) b22: لَاثَ بِهِ, aor. ـُ (inf. n. لَوْثٌ, K,) He took refuge in him; had recourse to him for protection or concealment: (S, K:) i. q. لَاذَ: (S:) accord. to Yaakoob, the ث here is a substitute for the ذ of لاَذَ. (TA.) 2 لوّث التِّبْنَ بِالقَتِّ He mixed the straw with [the kind of trefoil called] قتّ. (A.) b2: لوّث He, or it, rendered water turbid. (S.) b3: لوّث, inf. n. تَلْوِيثٌ, He befouled, defiled, polluted, dirtied, soiled, besmeared, or bedaubed, (S, K,) his clothes with mud. (S.) b4: See 1 and 8.4 أَلْوَثَ see 1.

A2: أَلْوَثَتِ الأَرْضُ The land produced fresh, or green, herbage, (رَطْب, as in some copies of the K, or رُطْب, as in others and in the TA,) among that which was dry. So in the K: but in the L, as follows. الوث الصِّلِّيَانُ The صلّيان dried up, and then produced fresh, or green, shoots: and sometimes the same verb is thus used with reference to the ضَعَة and هَلْتَى and سَحَم: of the ثُمَام, one scarcely ever says الوث, but بَقَلَ; nor does one say of the الوث عَرْفَج, but ادبى, and إِمْتَعَسَ. (TA.) b2: أَلَثْتُ بِهِ مَالِى I asked him to keep my property as a deposit. (K.) From اللَّوْثُ “ the taking refuge. ” (TA.) b3: لَمْ يُلِثْ, in a verse of El-'Ajjáj, He, or it, did not make to delay. (TA.) 5 تلوّث It (a garment) was, or became, befouled, defiled, polluted, dirtied, soiled, besmeared, or bedaubed, with mud. (Msb.) b2: تلوّث بِالْأَمْرِ [app., He was confused, or perplexed, by the affair]. (Lth.) 8 التاث: see 1. b2: It was, or became, collected together. (TA) b3: التاث; (S, K;) and ↓ لوّث, inf. n. تَلْوِيثٌ; (L;) It (an affair, TA,) was, or became, confused, (S, K,) intricate, and difficult. (TA.) You say التاثت عَلَيْهِ الأُموُرُ The affairs became confused, and intricate, to him: (TA:) and التاثت الخُطُوبُ [The affairs became confused]. (S.) b4: Also, both verbs, (the former accord. to the S and K, and the latter accord. to the L,) It became wound about. (S, L, K.) Yousay إِلْتَاثَتْ بِرَأْسِ القَلَمِ شَعْرَةٌ (so in one copy of the S: in another, التاث) [A hair became wound about the head, or tip, of the reed-pen: read, erroneously, by Golius, and Freytag, التاث برأس القلم شَعَرَهُ]. (S.) b5: He became strong, powerful, or vigorous. (K, TA.) b6: He became fat. (K, TA.) b7: He withheld, or restrained; syn. حَبَسَ: (K:) [but it seems rather to signify he withheld, or restrained, himself; syn. إِحْتَبَسَ; like ↓ لَاثَ]. Accord. to the K, لوّث, inf. n. تَلْوِيثٌ, signifies the same; but it is not so: it is the same as التاث only as signifying “ it was, or became confused ”, and “ it became wound about. ” (TA.) حَلَّ مِنْ عِمَامَتِهِ لَوْثًا أَوْ لَوْثَيْنِ He loosed, or undid, a turn, or twist, or two turns, or twists, of his turban. (TA, from a trad.) A2: لَوْثٌ Strength; power; vigour: (S, K, TA:) as also ↓ لُوثَةٌ, [as in one place,] or ↓ لُوْثَةٌ, [as in another]. (TA.) A3: نَاقَةٌ ذَاتُ لَوْثٍ, and ↓ لُوثَةٍ A strong she-camel; a she-camel endowed with strength, or vigour: (TA:) or, the former, (L,) or the latter, (S,) a she-camel having much flesh and fat, (S, L,) with which she is bound round: (L:) or, as some say, stupid, unsteady, and hasty; syn. ذات هَوَجٍ: (S:) or, the former, a bulky she-camel; yet her bulkiness does not prevent her being swift. (Lth.) b2: رَجُلٌ ذُو لَوْثٍ A strong man. (TA.) b3: لَوْثٌ, (IAar,) or ↓ لَوْثَةٌ, (As,) Resolution of mind, (IAar, As,) and strength of mind. (IAar.) b4: لَوْتٌ, Evil, as a subst. (K.) b5: لَوْثٌ Mutual suits, or demands, with malevolences, or rancours: (K:) one says, بَيْنَهُمْ لَوْثٌ Between them are mutual suits, &c. (TK.) A4: لَوْثٌ Offsets of palm-trees. (AHn.) A5: لَوْثٌ Wounds; syn. حِرَاحَاتٌ. (K.) A6: لَوْثٌ Weak, incomplete, evidence; (Az, in Msb;) resembling what is termed دَلَالَةٌ, (Az, K,) not complete, or perfect, evidence; so accord. to Esh-Sháfi'ee: (Az.:) it is one person's giving his testimony to the fact of a slain person's declaring, before his death, that a certain person slew him; or two persons giving their testimony to the fact of there having existed enmity between them two, [i. e., the slain person and the person accused of slaying him,] or, of one's having threatened the other; and the like: it is from تَلَوَّثَ as signifying “ it was befouled, or defiled. ” (TA.) b2: See لَوَتٌ, and لُوثَةٌ.

لِيثٌ A certain plant (S, K) that winds about: the و is changed into ى on account of the kesreh before it. (S.) لَوَثٌ, or ↓ لَوْثٌ, (as in different copies of the S) Languor; flaccidity; in a man. (S.) لَوِثٌ: see لَائِثٌ.

لِثَةٌ The gum, accord. to some, belongs to this art., because the flesh of the gums is bound (لِيثَ) round the roots of the teeth. (TA.) لَوْثَةٌ: see لَوْثٌ, and لُوثَةٌ.

لوثَةٌ Languor, and slowness, or tardiness. (S, K.) b2: رَجُلٌ ذُو لُوثَةٍ A man slow, or tardy, and weak. (TA.) b3: لُوثَةٌ Weakness: (IAar, K:) as also ↓ لَوْثٌ. (TA.) b4: Weakness of judgment, and a repetition, or stuttering, (تَلَجْلُجٌ,) in speech. (TA, from a trad.) An impediment in speech. (Msb.) b5: لُونَةٌ (IAar, M, K) and ↓ لَوْثَةٌ (IAar, M) and ↓ لَوْثٌ (Msb) Stupidity; foolishness; paucity of sense. (IAar, M, K, Msb.) b6: لُوثَةٌ A touch, or first affection, of insanity, or diabolical possession. (S, K.) b7: لُوثَةٌ A state of excitement; syn. هَيْجٌ. (S, K.) A2: لُوثَةٌ Abundance of flesh and fat, (S, K,) in a she-camel. (S.) [See لَوْثٌ.]

A3: لُوثَةٌ A piece of rag collected together, with which one plays. (K.) لِوَاثٌ: see لُوَاثَةٌ.

لُوَاثَةٌ and ↓ لَوِيثَةٌ A company, an assembly, or a troop, (K,) of men, and of other animals. (TA.) b2: مِنَ النَّاسِ ↓ لَوِيثَةٌ A company, or an assembly, of people of different tribes; (S, K;) like لَبِيثَةٌ. (K.) A2: لُوَاثَةٌ One who, or a thing which, (الَّذِى: in the TA, الذر:) is befouled, or defiled, (يَتَلَوَّثُ) in anything. (K.) A3: لُوَاثَةٌ and ↓ لِوَاثٌ (the latter [in the CK لُوَاثٌ] is with kesr, and is mentioned in the L, without the former, on the authority of Fr, TA,) Flour [of wheat, &c.] which is sprinkled upon the table, beneath dough; (K,) to prevent the dough's adhering to the table. (TA.) لَوِيثَةٌ: see لُوَاثَةٌ.

لَيِّثٌ: see لَائِثٌ. b2: لِحْيَةٌ لَيِّثَةٌ (tropical:) A tangled beard. (TA.) b3: A beard in which half-white hairs are mixed with white: so in the K; but correctly, in which half-white, or grizzly, hairs are mixed with black. (TA.) وَيْلٌ لِلَّوَّاثِينَ الَّذِينَ يَلُوثُونَ مَعَ البَقَر إِرْفَعْ يَا غُلَامُ ضَعْ يَا غُلَامُ: respecting these words, occurring in a trad., El-Harbee says, I think the meaning to be, those to whom various kinds of food are carried round about; from اللَّوْثُ, “winding round ” a turban on the head. (IAth.) نَبَاتٌ لَائِثٌ, and ↓ لَاثٌ, and ↓ لَيِّثٌ, A tangled plant; (K;) a tangled and luxuriant plant: and in like manner, herbage: لَاثٌ is originally لَوِثٌ, or لَائِثٌ: (TA:) so also a tree.

A2: اللَّائِثُ (and اللَّيْثٌ, TA,) The lion: (K:) from لَوْثٌ

“ strength. ” (TA.) أَلْوَثُ A man slow, or tardy. (M.) b2: دِيمَةٌ لَوْثَاءُ [A lasting, or continuous, and still, rain] that lays, or mixes, the plants, part upon part, (Lth, K, TA,) like as straw is mixed with the kind of trefoil called قَتّ: (Lth, TA:) but this explanation is disapproved by AM. (TA.) b3: سَحَابَةٌ لَوْثَاءُ A slow cloud: such a cloud is the longest in raining. (AM.) b4: أَلْوَثُ Slow and heavy in tongue; (K;) slow in speech, and heavy in tongue: fem. لَوْثَاءُ, [pl. لُوتٌ]. (TA.) b5: A man weak in mind, or understanding: from لَوْثٌ, as signifying “ weak, incomplete, evidence. ” (Msb.) b6: أَلْوَثُ, like أَثْوَلُ, Stupid; foolish; of little sense; as also ↓ مُلْتَاثٌ: (TA:) stupid, foolish, or of little sense, and cowardly: pl. لُوثٌ. (IAar.) b7: Languid; flaccid: (S, K:) applied to a man. (S.) A2: Strong; powerful; vigorous. Thus the word bears two contrary significations. (K.) مَلَاثٌ [A place of refuge; a refuge]. [You say,] إِنَّهُ لَنِعْمَ المَلَاثُ لِلضِّيفَانِ Verily he is an excellent refuge for guests. (TA.) b2: مَلَاثٌ (S, K) and ↓ مِلْوَثٌ (K) (tropical:) One who is a refuge to others; a noble chief; (TA;) a nobleman; (Ks, S, K;) whom others compass, and go round about: (Ks, S:) or so called because the command is [as it were] bound round him; i. e., because affairs are connected with him: (TA:) pl. مَلَاوِثُ and مَلَاوِثَةٌ and مَلَاوِيثُ: (S, K:) the last used by poetic licence. (ISd.) مِلْوَثٌ: see مَلَاثٌ.

مُلَيَّثٌ A man (S) slow, or tardy, by reason of his fatness. (S, K.) [See also art. ليث.]

مَكَانٌ مُلَوَّثٌ and رَأْسٌ مُلَوّثٌ: see مُلَيَّثٌ in art. ليث.]

مُلْتَاثٌ: see أَلْوَثُ.