طرق
الطَّرْق: نَتْفُ الصوْفِ بالمِطْرَقَة وهي الخَشَبَةُ التي يُضْرَبُ بها، والجميع المَطارِقُ، وهيِ - أيضاً - تكونُ مَعَ الحَدّادِين. وفي المَثَل: " ضرْبُكَ بالفِطِّيْس خيْر من المِطْرَقَة ".
والطِّرَاقُ: الحَدِيدُ الذي يُعَرضُ ثم يُدَارُ فَيُجْعَلُ بَيْضَةً أو ساعِداً ونحوه، فكُلُّ صَنْعَةٍ على حَذْوٍ: طِرَاقٌ، وكلّ قَبِيلةٍ على حِيالِها كذلك.
وجِلْدُ النَّعْل: طِرَاقُها إذا عُزِلَ عنها الشِّرَاكُ.
وتًرْسٌ مُطْرَق: وهو أنْ يُقَوَّرَ جِلْدٌ على مِقْدَارِ التُّرْس فَيُلْزَقَ به. ورِيْشٌ طِرَاقٌ.
والسَّماوات السَّبْعُ طَرائقُ بعضها فوق بعضٍ.
وقُدَامى الجَنَاح مُطْرَقٌ بعضُها على بعضٍ.
وثَوْبٌ طَرائقُ: أي قِطَعٌ. وجَبَل مُطرّقٌ: فيه ألْوانٌ.
وطارَقَ بين ثَوْبَيْنِ: أي ظاهَرَ بينهما. والطَّرِيْقُ: مَعْرُوْفٌ، يُذَكَّرُ ويُؤنَثُ.
والطَّرِيْقَةُ: كُلُّ أحْدُوْرَةٍ من الأرض أو صَنِفَةٍ من الثَّوْب، وكذلك من الألوان، والجميع الطَّرائقُ.
والطَّرِيْقَةُ: الحالُ. ومن خُلُقِ الانسانِ: لِيْنٌ وانْقِيَادٌ، وإنَّ في طَرِيْقَتِه لَعِنْدَاوَةً: أي في لِيْنِه بَعْضُ العُسْرِ، ويُقال طِرّيقَةٌ أيضاً.
والطَّرِيْقَة: أماثِلُ القَوْم، هؤلاء طَرِيْقَةُ قَوْمِهم، والجميع طَرَائقُ.
والطَّرِيْقَةُ: عَمُوْدُ المِظَلَّةِ والخِبَاءِ والبُيُوتِ من الشَّعر، طَرقُوا بينهم تَطْرِيقاً. ونَسِيْجَةٌ تُنْسَجُ من صُوفٍ أو شَعرٍ.
وطَرْقُ الفَحْل: ضِرَابُه لِسَنَةٍ. واسْتَطْرَقَ فلانٌ فلاناً فَحْلَهُ فأطْرَقَه: أي أعطاه لِيَضْرِبَ في إبِلِه.
والمَرْأةُ طَرُوْقَةُ زَوْجِها.
والطَّرُوْقَةُ: القَلُوصُ التي بَلَغَتِ الضرَابَ. ويُقال: أطْرِقْني فَحْلَكَ. ولكَ طَرْقُهُ العامَ. وناقَةٌ مِطْرَاقٌ: قَرِيْبَةُ العَهْدِ بالفَحْل. والطّارِقِيَّةُ: ضَرْبٌ من القَلائدِ.
والطارِق: كَوْكَبُ الصُّبْح. والذي يَجِيْء لَيْلاً، طَرَقَ طُرُوْقاً وطَرْقاً، ورَجُلٌ طُرَقَةٌ: يَسْري حتّى يَطْرُقَ أهْلَه.
والأطْرَاقُ: ما يَطْرُقُ من المَكارهِ.
والإطْرَاقُ: السُّكُوْتُ. ورَجُلٌ طِرِّيْقٌ: كثيرُ الإطْرَاقِ فَرَقاً. والكَرَوَان المُذَكِّرْ: طِرِّيْقٌ لأنَّه إذا رأى إنْساناً سَقَطَ على الأرض فأطْرَقَ، ويُقال له: " أطْرِقْ كَرا أطْرِقْ كَرا؛ إن النعَامَ في القُرى، إنَّكَ لا تُرى " عِنْدَ صَيدِه.
وأمُّ طُرّيْقٍ: الضَّبُعُ، إذا دُخِلَ عليها وَجَارُها قيل: أطْرِقي أمَّ طُريق لَيْسَتِ الضَبُعُ ها هنا. ورَجُلٌ مُطَرقٌ: غَلِيْظُ الجُفُونِ ثَقِيلُها.
وكَلأ مَطْرُوْقٌ: وهو الذي ضَرَبَه المَطَرُ بَعْدَ يُبْسِه.
وطَرَّقْتُ الإِبلَ: إذا حَبَسْتَها على كَلإَ أو غيرِه.
والطَّرْقُ: خَطّ بإِصْبَعٍ في الكَهَانَةِ، ً طَرَقَ يَطْرُق طَرْقاً.
وكُلُّ صَوْتٍ من العُوْدِ ونحوِه: طَرْقٌ. وهذه الجارِيَةُ تَضْرِبُ كذا وكذا طَرْقاً: أي نوْعاً.
والطَّرْقُ: النَّخْلُ الطَّوِيل، وجَمْعُه طُرُوْقٌ، وكذلك الطَّرِيقُ. والفَحْلُ من الإِبل.
والطِّرْق: الشَحْمُ. وحِبَالَةٌ يُصَاد بها الوَحْشُ كالفَخِّ.
والطَّرْقُ: من مَناقِع المِياهِ في نحائزِ الأرض. واسْمُ مَوضِعٍ.
والطَّرْقُ: الماءُ الذي قد بالَتْ فيه الدَّوابُّ حتّى اصْفَرَّ، طَرَقَتْه الإِبلُ، وهي تَطْرُقُ طَرْقاً.
وطَرَّقَتِ المَرْأةُ: إذا خَرَجَ من الوَلَدِ نِصْفُه واحْتَبَسَ بعضَ الاحْتِباس، يُقال: طَرَّقَتْ ثمَّ تَخَلَّصَتْ. وطَرقَتِ القَطاةُ: حانَ خُروجُ بَيْضِها.
والرِّجْلُ الطَّرْقاءُ: الذي في ساقِها اعْوِجاجٌ من غَيْرِ فَحَجٍ.
وضَرَبْتُه حتّى طًرّقَ بجَعْرِه. وتَطَرَّقَتِ الشَّمْسُ: دَنا غُرُوبُها.
وهذا مِطْراقُ هذا: أي شِبْهُه. وإذا خَرَجَ القَوْمُ رَجّالةً لا دَوَابَّ لهم قيل: خَرَجُوا مَطارِيْقَ، واحِدُهم مُطْرِق.
وجاءتِ الإبلُ مَطارِيْقَ: إذا جاءَ بعضُها في أثَرِ بعضٍ، الواحِدُ مِطْرَاقٌ. وقيل: هي التي تَسِيْرُ ولا تَأْكُلُ، يُقال: أطْرَقَتْ إذا أعْنَقَتْ.
والمشيُ الطَّرَقُ: هو الرُّوَيْدُ. ومَرَرْت على طَرَقَةِ الإبل: أي على أثرِها.
وطرّقَ فلانٌ حَقَّ فلانٍ: جَحَدَه وتَعَسَّرَ عليه.
وما لهُ فيكَ طُرْقَةٌ: أي مَطْمَعٌ. والطُّرْقَةُ: العادَة والخُلُق.
ورَجُلٌ مَطْرُوْقٌ: إذا كان فيه طِرِّيْقَةٌ واسْتِرْخاءٌ، وفيه طَرَقٌ وطَرْقَةٌ؛ وهو لِيْنٌ في يَدَي البَعِير، بَعِيْرٌ أطْرَقُ وناقَةٌ طَرْقاءُ.
والمَطْرُوْقُ: الذي به طَرَقَةٌ: أي جُنُونٌ وهَوَجٌ. وهو أيضاً: المَوْسُوْمُ بِسِمَةٍ يُقال لها الطِّرَاقُ تَقَعُ طُولاً على العُنُق.
والطِّرَاقُ: وِقايَةٌ للأسْقِيَةِ، كِسَاءٌ أو نَطْعٌ.
وأطْرَاقُ القِرْبَةِ: أثْنَاؤها، الواحِدُ طَرَقٌ. والطُّرْقَةُ: الظُّلْمَةُ.
والطِّرَاقُ: اللَّيْلُ إذا تَطارَقَتْ ظُلْمَتُه أي تَرَاكَمَتْ.
واخْتَضَبَتِ المَرْأةُ طُرْقَةً أو طُرْقَتَيْنِ: أي مَرَّةً أو مَرَّتَيْنِ.
والطِّرْيَاقُ: لُغَةٌ في الدِّرْياق. والطِّرِّيْقَةُ من الأرض: السهْلَةُ التي تُنْبِتُ البَقْلَ والصِّلِّيَانَ. وأطْرِقَاءُ: اسْمُ بَلَدٍ.

طرق: طَرَق: سلك، مشى سار، رحل، ارتحل.
(فوك، الكالا) وهي = طرق الطريق في معجم لين.
طرق: ضربة ثانية كرّر الدّق، وتستعمل مجازاً بمعنى كرر القول حتى أملّ. ومطروق: معاد، مكَّرر. يقال فكرة مطروقة وكلام مطروق (بوشر).
طرق روحه: استمنى بيده، جلد عميرة (بوشر).
طرق الحِنْطَة: غربلها (محيط المحيط).
طرَّق (بالتشديد) دقه على السندان (بوشر).
طَرَّق. لم يُطَرَق المضيق: فعل ما جعلنا لا نستطيع المرور في المضيق (أماري ص207).
وهذا صواب العبارة لما جاء في مخطوطتنا رقم 12 طَرَّق إلى: عبّر طريقاً إلى، فتح طريقاً إلى (معجم مسلم، المقري 1: 244).
طَرَّق على فلان: حاول خداعه والمكر به. (معجم مسلم).
طَرَّق: برقش، رقش، (فوك) وانظر: مُطَرَّق فيما يلي: أطْرَق. طأطأ رأسه، أمال رأسه إلى صدره وفي معجم فوك: أطرق برأسه. تَطَرَّق: بالمعنى الأول في معجم لين وهو وجد طريقاً إلى وتطَرَّق إلى مجازاً أيضاً بمعنى اولع ب، وانهمك في، ففي مملوك (2، 2: 269): كان يمنعها التطرّف (ق) إلى التبهرج. وقد ترجمها كاترمير بما معناه: كان يمنعها من الانهماك في التبرج، وبدلاً من أن يقال تطرَّق إلى يقال تطّرق ل أيضاً (المقدمة1: 56 المقري 1: 658 وعليك أن تقرأ فيه يتطّرق وفقاً لطبعة بولاق).
ويقال كذلك، تطَّرق على (معجم مسلم) وهو نفس المعنى فيما أرى في عبارة ياقوت (1: 819) التي نقلت فيه.
تطَرَّق: سار، مضى، انطلق (زيشر 5: 102، فوك).
متّطرق: مارّ، عابر سبيل، ابن سبيل (ابن حوقل ص159).
تطرَّق إلى: أوصل إلى، قاد الى، يقال: الطريق يتطرقّ إلى (ففي ألف ليلة (1: 105): أصبت طريقاً متطرقاً إلى أعلاه.) تطرُّق الاحتمال: تفّرع وتشعب (أي الصور المختلفة) للقضية والفرضية (دي سلان المقدمة 1: 39).
تطَرّق: ضرب، قرع، دقْ (معجم مسلم، فوك) يِتطرَّق: طروق، لدن، قابل للتطريق (بوشر).
تَطرَّق: هاجم أغار على (معجم مسلم).
تطرَّق ب: تبرفش، ترقش (فوك).
تطارَق: جُعل بعضُه فوق بعض، ففي الكامل (ص148): لبدة الأسد ما يتطارق من شعره بين كتفيه.
انطرق. انطرق في: اصطدم، ويقال، انطرق رأسه في الحائط أي اصطدم في الحائط (بوشر).
اطَّرق: طاف، جاب عدة بلدان. ففي ابن البيطار (1: 293): وكان قد وقع له منه بعد إطراقه البلاد باحثاً عنه مشرقاً ومغرباً قطعة صغيرة. وقد سقطت كلمة البلاد من مخطوطة ب.
استطرق: قارن قولهم الاستطراق بين الصفوف الذي ذكره لين في معجمه مع ما جاء في كتاب الماوردي (ص 329): ويُمنعَ الناس في الجوامع والمساجد من استطراق حلق الفقراء والقُرَّاء صيانة لحرمتها.
طَرْقَة: قرعة، دقُة، نقرة (بوشر).
طرقة: غزوة، غارة (معجم الادريسي).
طَرْقَة يد: سَطْو، عمل جريء (بوشر).
طرقة (ضبطها مشكوك فيه) يظهر أن معناها بكرة (القزويني 2: 128) طُرُقّي: جرّاح، طبيب دجّال يبيع الدواء في الطرق العامة (بوشر).
طَرْقُون: ذكرت في القسم الأول من معجم فوك مع كلمة لاتينية معناها رقص غير أنها لم تذكر في القسم الثاني.
ويظهر من قصة عجيبة عند ابن الخطيب أن هذه الكلمة لها حقا بعض العلاقة بفكرة الرقص. ففي ترجمته لابن مردنيش يقول أن هذا الأمير الذي تولى الحكم في أسبانيا الشرقية في أواسط القرن السادس للهجرة قد فرض ضرائب متنوعة على رعيته لكي يستطيع دفع رواتب جنوده النصارى حتى إنه فرض هذه الضريبة على حفلات الأعراس، وفي القصة التالية أن رجلاً من مدينة قسطيلة يقول إنه ربح في مرسيه دوقتين (وهو نقد ذهبي قديم) في عمله بالبناء، فدعا بعض بلدياته لقضاء ليلة عنده. ويستمر قائلاً (ص186، ص187): فاشتريت لحماً وشراباً وضربنا دُفاً فلما كان عند الصباح وإذا بنقر عنيف بالباب فقلت من أنت فقال أنا الطرقون الذي بيده قبالة اللهو وهي متَّفقة بيدي وانتم ضربتم البارحة الدُفَّ فاعطنا حَقَّ العرس الذي عملتَ فقلتُ له والله ما كانت لي .. فأُخِذت وسُجنتُ (وليس في المخطوطة فراغ، غير أني أرى أن شيئاً ناقصاً فيه) فالطرقون إذاً هو من يتولى استلام الضريبة المفروضة على احتفالات الأعراس وعلى الرقص وكذلك على الموسيقى التي تضرب في العرس، ولا ادري لماذا ذكر فوك كلمة طرقون في مادة الفعل saltare اللاتيني الذي معناه رقص.
ونجد هذه الكلمة في أبيات لشاعر أندلسي هو الفقيه عمر وقد نقلها المقريزي وكان يرددها رجل يحيى حياة التسكع. فنقرأ في المقريزي (3: 23)
ولا تنسى أياماً تقّضت كريمة ... بزاوية المحروق أو دار همدان
وتأليفنا لقبض إتارةَ ... وإغرام مسنون وقسمة حُلْوان
وقد جلس الطرقون بالبعد مطرقاً ... يقول نصيبي أو أبوح بكتمان
وهكذا نرى أن هذا الشخص يتظاهر بأنه جابي الضرائب فيجمع الإتاوات بينما جلس الطرقون بعيداً مطرقاً برأسه وهو يقول اعطني نصيبي وإلا بحت بالسر. وبذلك كان على الناس البائسين أن يدفعوا مرتين الأولى لهذا المحتال ثم إلى الطرقون الذي يقول لمن دفع الضريبة إلى غيره إنه قد خدعه محتال تظاهر بأنه الطرقون.
طِراق: قارن قولهم طائرُ طراقُ الريش الذي ذكره لين نقلا من تاج العروس بقولهم: طراقُ الخَوافي الذي ذكره المبرد في الكامل ص90) طروق = طارق (رايت ص91 رقم 12).
طَريق: يجمعها العامة على طُرُوق وهو تصحيف طُرُق (معجم مسلم).
طَرِيق: بمعنى افسحوا الطريق، فحين يصل العربي إلى منزله ومعه غرباء يصيح قائلا: طريق وذلك لكي تدخل نساؤه في بيوتهن (نيبور رحلة إلى بلاد العرب ص47) طريق السلامة: مع السلامة على الطائر الميمون (بوشر)
أرباب الطريق: هم عند الجوبري المنجمون وضاربوا الرمل ثم يذكر بعد ذلك أصحاب الطريق في الطب أو أطباء، الطرق (زيشر 20: 496، 497) وبمقارنة هذا بما نقلته من معجم بوشر في مادة طُرَقي يمكننا أن نؤكد أن هذه الكلمات تعني غالباً الدجالين المشعوذين من الجراحين والمنجمين وضاربي الرمل ومن لف لفهم الذين يتعاطون مهنهم في الطرقات العامة.
طريق التبن وطريق اللبّانة: المجّرة، أن السماء، أمّ النجوم (بوشر).
على الطريق: على شكل، على هيئة (بوشر).
طريق: قسم من أحوال إسناد الحديث (عبد الواحد ص130، المقدمة 1: 355، 2: 144، 145، 147) وفي المقري (1: 495): كان بصيراً بالطرق.
الطريق: التصوّف (المقري 1: 571).
أهل الطريق: الصوفية (المقري 1: 596).
طريق: مَرَّة (بوشر سوريا) وفي محيط المحيط: عامية طَرْق وفي رحلة ابن جبير (ص147): فسعى على قدميه طريقين من الصفا إلى المروة (ألف ليلة برسل 2: 184، 275) وفي طبعة ماكن (1: 259): مرة (برسل 3: 372) وفي رحلة ابن جبير (ص68): في طريق واحدة أي في مرة واحدة طريق في مصطلح الموسيقى: لحن: نَغَم (ألف ليلة 2: 271، 3: 410، برسل 7: 193).
وفي طبعة ماكن: طريقة.
طريق الأسْقُف: منشور رَعائي (ألكالا). طريقة. الطريقة: الصراط المستقيم. وطباعة السلطان ففي حيان (ص16 و) في كلامه عن رئيس ظل مخلصاً للسلطان: استقام على الطريقة (حيان ص24 ق).
الطريقة المحترقة: (أبو الفداء جغرافية ص5) هو الفضاء الواقع بين الدرجة التاسعة عشرة من الميزان والدرجة الثالثة من العقرب. انظر ترجمة رينو (ص6 رقم 1).
طريقة: نهج متبع في بحث علم من العلوم والذي يختلف عند العلماء. ففي مرجريت (ص17) وله طريقة في علم الخلاف.
طريقة: خداع، مكر، أسلوب في الغش (ألف ليلة برسل 9: 195).
طريقة: منطلق، سبيل، وسيلة، ذريعة، وسيلة النجاح (بوشر).
طريقة: وسيلة لإزاحة الضمير، وسيلة لإتمام عمل، وسيلة للصلح، تسوية. ومجازاً: تلطيف تسكين، تخفيف، مصالحة، توفيق، ويقال: طريقة ل أي مصالحة، توفيق (بوشر).
طريقة: للصوفية اليوم في الهند وبخراسان على الخصوص ثلاث درجات في نظامهم وتسمى: طريقة ومعرفة وحقيقة، فاتباع الدرجة الأولى مسلمون يقومون بواجباتهم الدينية. أنظر زيشر (16: 241) طريقة (من مصطلح الموسيقى): لحن، نغم (ألف ليلة 2: 51 ب، 152، 163، 259، 267، 4: 173).
طريقة الأسْقفُ: منشور رَعائي (ألكالا).
طريقة الشرع: مرافعة، مقاضاة، أسلوب المحاكمات (بوشر).
طريقة ماء: ما يجلب من الماء من الحوض والمصنع مرة واحدة (اسيبنا مجلة الشرق والجزائر 13: 148).
طريقة: قارون مع ما ذكره لين (1849) في الآخر مع ما جاء في زيشر (22: 80) وهو: وكبَّر البيت على خمس طرائق كما كان باًلأول. وقد ترجمها وبتزشتان إلى الألمانية بما معناه: وسّع البيت وجعله يقوم على خمسة أعمدة كما كان بالأول.
(انظر تعليقه ص100 رقم 21). ويقول بوسييه: إنها سير قوي تبطن به الخيمة العربية تسند الدعامات والركائز وعليها يقع كل الحمل (130).
طراقِي. الكِساء الطراقيّ: كان اسم نسيج يصنع في مدينة طراق بأفريقية ويصدر إلى مصر (البكري ص47).
طِرَاقِيَّة: حنطة ضعيفــة تخرج عند الغربلة (محيط المحيط).
طَرَّاق= طارق (عباد 1: 66).
طرّاق: عابر طريق، عابر سبيل (فوك طرّاق) الحديد: حدّاد (بوشر) طَرَّاقَة: عازف كمان في القرى للرقص، شاعر يطوف البلاد منشداً شعره على آلة موسيقية (صفة مصر 14: 181).
طَرّاقَة: مطرقة، شاكوس (معجم الأسبانية ص213).
طارِقَة: هذه الكلمة تدل على نوع من الأسلحة وقد وجد المستشرقون وهم العلماء باللغات والآداب الشرقية صعوبة في تفسيرها، وقد فسرها شولتز أولا بحربة ومزراق، ثم بدرع وزرد وقد رأى إنها تحريف تاركو اليونانية وقد اعتمد كل من رينو ودي ساسي على هذا الأصل غير الأكيد، وقد وجد دي ساسي عدة نصوص في المقريزي لم تترك له شكاً معنى هذه الكلمة. وقد أضاف السيد لين رأياً جديداً خاطئاً على ما سبق وقيل من الآراء فقال هذه الكلمة تعني ركاماً ضخماً من الأسلحة ولو اطلع على تعليقة كاترمير البارعة (مونج ص288 - 289) لأصدر حكماً آخر. على أن هذه التعليقة ليست بكافية لأنها لا تدل على اصل كلمة طارقة ولا على معناها الأصلي.
وارى إنها ليست عربية الأصل لان اللغات العربية لم تذكر أصلها وقد دخلت فيها في وقت متأخر. وأعتقد أن من العبث أن نفتش عنها عند الكتاب السابقين على عهد الحروب الصليبية وأن العرب قد أخذوها من الصليبيين وهي ليست غير الكلمة اللاتينية targa الموجودة في اللغة الإيطالية والأسبانية والبرتغالية والبروفنسالية بصورة Tarje وبالفرنسية بصورة Targe أن هذه الكلمة مأخوذة من الكلمة اللاتينية Tergum ( انظر دوكانج) أو من الكلمة الألمانية Zarga ( جريم، مونيمن، النحو الألماني 3: 445) ويرى دميليز في أصول الكلمات في اللغات الرومانية هذا الرأي. وهي على كل حال من أصل أوربي وتعني ترساً كبير يغطي كل الجانب الأسفل من الجسم.
والكلمة العربية طريقة (طَرْغَة) في معجم (فوك) تدل على نفس هذا المعنى، وهذا ما يمكن أن نراه في عبارات عماد الدين الأصفهاني في التي نقلها كاترمير ويستنتج منها أن الصليبين كانوا يستعملون هذه التروس، وقد أساء كلترمير ترجمة جملة: (لمعت بولرقُ بيارقه، وراعت طوارقُ طوارقه) فقد ترجمها بما معناه: لمعت بوارق بيارقه، وطوارقه التي تقدمت نشرت الذعر.
وفي حياة صلاح الدين (ص124): رأيت الصليبيين يسيرون في حالة يرثى لها، ما وجدت مع واحد منهم طارقة ولا رمحاً إلا النادر، ونجد فيها أيضاً أن الأمراء الصليبين اهدوا إلى الصلاح الدين طوارق وسيوفاً ألمانية وغير ذلك (دي ساسي طرائف 1: 275) وفي الغرب كان النصارى من الأسبان هم الذين يملكون هذا النوع من التروس، (انظر عباد 2: 201) وقد استعارها منهم المسلمون.
ونجد مثلاً في الحلل (ص58 ق) عبارة من ابن اليسع يذكر فيه أحد الموحدين ما يلي: فصنعنا دارةً مربَّعة في البسط جعلنا فيها من جهاتها الأربع صفاً من الرجال بأيديهم القنا الطوال والطوارق المانعة ووراءهم أصحاب الدرق والحراب صفاً ثانياً.
وكانت في القاهرة حارة تسمى الطوارق أو حارة الصبيان الطوارق لأن فيها منازل الفتيان المسلحين بالطوارق، وهم من جملة طوائف العسكر كانوا معدّين لحمل الطوارق (المقريزي في دي ساسي 1: 1) وأخيراً فان هذه الكلمة كانت تدل في أوربا على وقاء نقال يستخدمه المحاصرون عند الهجوم وهي نوع من آلات الحرب مؤلف من عدة الواح يحتمي وراءها المهاجمون من السهام والحجارة (انظر دوطانج).
وكانت الطريقة تدل في الشرق على هذا المعنى ويظهر إنها لا تزال معروفة في القاهرة لان كاترمير يقول (ص427) إنه مدين لمارسيل في تفسيره لها وإنها لوح يحتمي وراءه الجنود من السهام والحجارة.
وكلمة تُرْس قد تغير أيضا معناها كما يدل عليها النص في طرائف فريتاج (ص131).
طارقِيات (جمع): ألواح يحتمي وراءها الجنود من السهام والحجارة (حياة صلاح الدين ص250 ابن الاثير 12:4).
مِطْرَق: بالعامية مَطْرق: دبوس، هراوة (دوماس حياة العرب ص 199) وعصاً غليظة فعند كاريت قبيل (2: 241): (عصا قصيرة رقيقة يستعملها العرب أحياناً في سوق ابلهم).
(بركهارت بلاد العرب 1: 420) وفي ألف ليلة (4: 553): وإذا بالوالي اقبل عليّ ومعه جماعة بسيوف ومطارق. (وقد ترجمها لين بما معناه (درق من الجلد) وهو معنى ما تدل عليه هذه الكلمة).
مِطْرَق: انظر الفعل مَطْرَقَ في حرف الميم.
مُطَرَّق: يقول ابن العوام (2: 564) في كلامه عن تنعيل الفرس: ولا يُنْعل الا بنعل مطرق فانه الصق للحافر واسبق ليدي الدابَّة.
وقد ترجمها بانكري بما معناه: لا تستعمل إلا حديدة مغلفة بجلد غير أني أرى ما يراه كلمنت- موليه إنه حديد ممطول وقد فسرها بوسييه بأنها طرق على السندان.
مُطَرَّق: جرح المسمار في قدم المطية، ألم الفرس المنُعَّل (الكالا). مَطرَق: مبرقش، مرقَّش (لين، فوك) ونسيج مُخطط، ذو خطوط (بوسيبه) وفي كرتاس (ص178) كان يلبس تليسا مطرقا وبرنوسا مرقعاً وفي ابن البيطار (1: 471) يقولا الادريسي في كلامه عن الذراريح: النوع الأسود المطرق بالحمرة.
وفي مخطوطاتنا المطرق بالفاء وهو خطأ.
مطرقا: اسم نبات يشبه الثوم. (انظره في مادة سفرذيون).
مِطْرَقَة خَشَب: ناقوس خشب، وطاحونة صغيرة من الخشب (بوشر) وهي مثل matraca بالأسبانية وتعني ناقوس خشب يستعمل بدل الأجراس في أسبوع الآلام.
مَطُروُق: شائع، متداول. ويقال: كلمة مطروقة أي شائعة متداولة (بوشر).
مَطّرُوق: مبتذل، غثّ، ركيك (بوشر).
بيت مَطُروق: مُرْتاد، يكثر التردد عليه (بوشر).
مُتَطَرَّق إلى: طريق يوصل إلى (الكامل ص 113).

طرق

1 طَرْقٌ signifies The beating [a thing], or striking [it, in any manner, and with anything]; (K, TA;) this being the primary meaning: (TA:) or with the مِطْرَقَة, (K, TA,) which is the implement of the blacksmith and of the artificer [with which he beats the iron], and the rod, or stick, with which one beats wool [or hair] to loosen or separate it: (TA:) and the slapping (K, TA) with the hand. (TA.) You say, طَرَقَ البَابَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. طَرْقٌ, He knocked [or (as we say) knocked at] the door. (Msb.) طَرَقَ الصُّوفَ, (S, O, TA, *) or الشَّعَرَ, (TA,) aor. as above, (S, O,) and so the inf. n., (S, O, K,) He beat the wool, (S, O, K, TA,) or the hair, (TA,) with the rod, or stick, called مِطْرَقَة, (S, O,) to loosen it, or separate it: (S, * O, * TA:) or he plucked it [so as to loosen it, or separate it]. (K, TA.) اُطْرُقِى

وَمِيشِى, a prov., and occurring in a verse of Ru-beh, [originally addressed to a woman,] and [lit.] meaning Beat thou the wool with the stick, and mix the hair with the wool, is said to him who confuses or confounds, in his speech, and practises various modes, or manners, therein. (Az, TA. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 28.]) And you say also, طَرَقَ الحَدِيدَةَ He beat the piece of iron [with the مِطْرَقَة]: (Mgh, * Msb:) and ↓ طرّقها he beat it much, or vehemently. (Msb.) And طَرَقَهُ بِكَفِّهِ, inf. n. as above, He slapped him with his hand. (TA.) And طَرَقْتُ الطَّرِيقَ I travelled [or beat] the road. (Msb.) [And hence, app.,] طَرْقٌ signifies also The being quick of pace; [probably as an inf. n.;] or quickness of going along. (Sh, TA.) And طُرِقَتِ الأَرْضُ The ground was beaten so as to be rendered even, or easy to be travelled; and trodden with the feet. (TA.) And طَرَقَ الدَّوَابُّ المَآءَ بِالرِّجْلِ حَتَّى تُكَدِّرَهُ [The beasts beat the water with the foot so as to render it turbid, or muddy]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or طَرَقَتِ الإِبِلُ المَآءَ, (S, O, TA,) aor. as above, (O,) (tropical:) the camels staled and dunged in the water. (S, O, TA.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) The coming by night; (K, TA;) because he who comes by night [generally] needs to knock at the door; as some say; (TA;) and so طُرُوقٌ [which is the more common in this sense]. (K, TA.) You say, طَرَقَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. طُرُوقٌ, He came by night. (S.) أَتَانَا فُلَانٌ طُرُوقًا (assumed tropical:) Such a one came to us by night. (S.) and طَرَقَ القَوْمَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. طَرْقٌ and طُرُوقٌ, (assumed tropical:) He came to the people, or party, by night. (TA.) And طَرَقَ أَهْلَهُ, (TA,) or طَرَقَ أَهْلَهُ لَيْلًا, (S, O,) inf. n. طُرُوقٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He came to his اهل [meaning wife] by night: (S, * O, TA:) the doing of which by him who has been long absent is forbidden by the Prophet. (O, TA. *) and طَرَقَ النَّجْمُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. طُرُوقٌ, (assumed tropical:) The star, or asterism, rose: and of anything that has come by night, one says طَرَقَ. (Msb.) One says also, طُرِقَ فُلَانٌ (assumed tropical:) Such a one was made an object of [or was visited by or was smitten by] nocturnal accidents or calamities. (TA.) And طَرَقَهُ الزَّمَانُ بِنَوَائِبِهِ (assumed tropical:) [Time, or fortune, visited him, or smote him, with its accidents, or calamities; or did so suddenly, like one knocking at the door in the night]. (TA.) And طَرَقَنِى خَيَالٌ (assumed tropical:) [An apparition, or a phantom, visited me in the night]. (TA.) And طَرَقَنِى هَمٌّ (assumed tropical:) [Anxiety came upon me; or did so suddenly, like one coming in the night]. (TA.) And [hence, app.,] طَرَقَ سَمْعِى

كَذَا (assumed tropical:) [Such a thing struck my ear]: and طُرِقَتْ مَسَامِعِى بِخَيْرٍ (assumed tropical:) [My ears were struck by good tidings]. (TA.) b3: Also The stallion's covering the she-camel; (Msb, K; *) and so طُرُوقٌ; (K, TA;) and طِرَاقٌ likewise [app. another inf. n. of طَرَقَ, as its syn. ضِرَابٌ is of ضَرَبَ]: (TA:) or his leaping her, (S, O, TA,) and covering her. (TA.) You say, طَرَقَ القَحْلُ النَّاقَةَ, (S, O, Msb, TA,) aor. ـُ (S, O, TA,) inf. n. طَرْقٌ, (Msb,) or طُرُوقٌ, (S) or both, (O, TA,) The stallion covered the she-camel: (Msb:) or leaped the she-camel, (S, O, TA,) and covered her. (TA.) b4: And [The practising of pessomancy;] i. q. ضَرْبٌ بِالحَصَى, (S, IAth, O, K,) which is performed by women, (IAth, TA,) or by a diviner; (K;) a certain mode of divination: (S:) or [the practising of geomancy; i. e.] a man's making lines, or marks, upon the ground, with two fingers, and then with one finger, and saying, اِبْنَىْ عِيَانْ أَسْرِعَا البَيَانْ: (Az, O, TA: [see this saying explained, with another description of the process, in the first paragraph of art. خط:]) or it is the making lines, or marks, upon the sand: (TA:) you say, طَرَقَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. طَرْقٌ, He made lines, or marks, with a finger, (&c.,) in divining. (JK.) [See the last sentence in art. جبت.] Also The diviner's mixing cotton with wool when divining. (Lth, K.) b5: And طَرَقْنَا النَّعْجَةَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. طَرْقٌ, We branded the ewe with the mark called طِرَاق. (ISh, O.) A2: طُرِقَ, (K, TA,) like عُنِىَ, (TA,) [inf. n., app., طَرْقٌ, q. v.,] (tropical:) He was, or became, weak in intellect, (K, TA,) and soft. (TA.) A3: طَرِقَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. طَرَقٌ, (Fr, S, O, K,) He (a camel) had a weakness in his knees: (Fr, S, O, K: [see حَلَلٌ:]) or, said of a human being and of a camel, he had a weakness in the knee and in the arm or the fore leg: (TA:) or, said of a camel, he had a crookedness in the سَاق (Lth, * O, * K) of the kind leg, [app. meaning in the thigh,] without the [kind of straddling termed] فَحَج, and with an inclining in the heel. (Lth, O.) b2: [See also طَرَقٌ below.]

A4: طَرِقَ signifies also He drank turbid, or muddy, water, (O, K, TA,) such as is termed [طَرْقٌ and] مَطْرُوقٌ. (TA. [In the K it is said to be, in this sense, like سَمِعَ; which seems to indicate that the inf. n. is طَرْقٌ, not طَرَقٌ.]) 2 طرّق الحَدِيدَةَ: see 1, former half. b2: طرّق طَرِيقًا He made a road plane, or even, so that people travelled it [or beat it with their feet] in their passing along. (TA.) The saying لَا تُطَرِّقُوا المَسَاجِدَ means Make not ye the mosques to be roads [or places of passage]. (TA.) طَرَّقْتُ لَهُ is from الطَّرِيقُ: (S, O:) you say, طرّق لَهَا [app. referring to camels] He made for them a road, or way: (K:) or طرّق لَهُ he gave a way to, or admitted, him, or it. (MA.) b3: طَرَّقَتْ said of the [bird called] قَطَاة, peculiarly, (inf. n. تَطْرِيقٌ, O, K,) She arrived at the time of her egg's coming forth: (As, A'Obeyd, S, O, K:) or she (a قطاة) hollowed out in the ground a place wherein to lay her eggs: as though she made a way for them: so says A Heyth: but the verb may be similarly used of other than the قطاة, metaphorically; whence the saying, قَدْ طَرَّقَتْ بِبِكْرِهَا أُمُّ طَبَقْ i. e. (tropical:) Calamity [has prepared to bring forth her first-born]. (Az, TA.) [Hence, app.,] one says also, ضَرَبَهُ حَتَّى طَرَّقَ بِجَعْرِهِ [He beat him until he gave passage, or was about to give passage, to his ordure]. (As, S, O.) And طرّق لِى, inf. n. تَطْرِيقٌ, signifies أَخْرَجَ [app. meaning He gave forth, or produced, to me something]. (TA.) b4: طَرَّقَتْ بِوَلَدِهَا, said of a camel, means She brought forth with difficulty, her young one sticking fast, and not coming forth easily; and in like manner it is said of a woman: (As, S, O, K:) so in a verse of Ows Ibn-Hajar, cited voce نِفَاسٌ: (O:) or طرّقت said of a woman and of any pregnant female, means the half of her young one came forth, and then it stuck fast. (Lth, TA.) [Hence,] طرّق فُلَانٌ بِحَقِّى (tropical:) Such a one acknowledged my right, or due, after disacknowledging it. (As, S, O, K, TA.) b5: Accord. to Az, (TA,) طرّق الإِبِلَ means He withheld the camels from pasture, (S, O, K, TA,) or from some other thing: (S, O, TA:) Sh, however, says that he knew not this; but that IAar explained طَرَّفْتُ, with ف, as meaning “ I repelled. ” (TA.) b6: أَخَذَ فُلَانٌ فِى التَّطْرِيقِ means (assumed tropical:) Such a one practised artifice and divination. (TA.) A2: طَرَّقْتُ التُّرْسَ I sewed the shield upon another skin: and طَرَّقْتُ النَّعْلَ, inf. n. تَطْرِيقٌ, I made the sole of two pieces of skin, sewing one of them upon the other. (Msb. [See also the next paragraph.]) 3 طَارَقْتُ النَّعْلَ [meaning I sewed another sole upon the sole] is an instance of a verb of the measure فَاعَلَ relating to the act of a single agent. (AAF, TA in art. خدع.) [See also 2, last sentence.] You say also, طارق الرَّجُلُ نَعْلَيْهِ, [inf. n. مُطَارَقَةٌ,] The man put one of his two soles upon the other and sewed them together. (As, TA.) And طارق بَيْنَ نَعْلَيْنِ He sewed one sole upon another. (S, O, K.) And طارق بين الثَّوْبَيْنِ, (S,) or بَيْنَ ثَوْبَيْنِ, (O, K,) and بين الدِّرْعَيْنِ, (TA,) i. q. طَابَقَ, (K,) or ظَاهَرَ, i. e. He put on himself one of the two garments, or one of two garments, [and one of the two coats of mail,] over the other. (S, O.) طُورِقَ is said of anything as meaning It was put one part thereof upon, or above, another; and so ↓ اِطَّرَقَ; (TA;) [and in like manner ↓ أُطْرِقَ; for] one says of shields, يُطْرَقُ بَعْضُهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ One of them is sewed upon another: (S, O, K:) and أُطْرِقَتْ بِالجِلْدِ وَالعَصَبِ They were clad [or covered] with skin and sinews. (S, O.) b2: طارق الغَمَامُ الظَّلَامَ The clouds followed upon the darkness. (TA.) b3: And طارق الكَلَامَ (tropical:) He practised, or took to, various modes, or manners, in speech; syn. تَفَنَّنَ فِيهِ. (TA.) 4 اطرقهُ فَحْلَهُ He lent him his stallion [camel] to cover his she-camels. (S, O, K.) b2: لَا أَطْرَقَ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْكَ, (O,) or عَلَيْهِ, (K, TA,) means (tropical:) May God not cause thee, or him, to have one whom thou mayest, or whom he may, take to wife, or compress. (O, K, TA.) b3: See also 3, latter part. b4: اطرق رَأْسَهُ He inclined his head [downwards]. (TA.) And أَطْرِقْ بَصَرَكَ Lower thine eyes towards thy breast, and be silent: occurring in a trad. respecting the looking unexpectedly [at one at whom one should not look]. (TA.) And أَطْرَقَ, alone, He bent down his head: (MA:) or he lowered his eyes, looking towards the ground; (S, O, K;) and sometimes the doing so is natural: (TA: [and the same is indicated in the S:]) and it may mean he had a laxness in the eyelids: (A'Obeyd, TA:) or he contracted his eyelids, as though his eye struck the ground: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and he was, or became, silent, (ISk, S, O, K,) accord. to some, by reason of fright, (TA,) not speaking. (ISk, S, O, K.) It is said in a prov., أَطْرِقٌ كَرَا أَطْرِقٌ كَرَا

إِنَّ النَّعَامَ فِى القُرَى

[Lower thine eyes karà: lower thine eyes karà: (كرا meaning the male of the كَرَوَان, a name now given to the stone-curlew, or charadrius ædicnemus:) verily the ostriches are in the towns, or villages]: applied to the self-conceited; (S, O;) and to him who is insufficient, or unprofitable; who speaks and it is said to him, “Be silent, and beware of the spreading abroad of that which thou utterest, for dislike of what may be its result: ” and by the saying انّ النعام فى القرى is meant, they will come to thee and trample thee with their feet: (O:) it is like the saying فَغُضِّ الطَّرْفَ. (S. [See also كَرَوَانٌ: and see also Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 30-31.]) It is asserted that when they desire to capture the كرا, and see it from afar, they encompass it, and one of them says, أَطْرِقْ كَرَا إِنَّكَ لَا تُرَى [or لَنْ تُرَى (Meyd in explanation of the preceding prov.) i. e. Lower thine eyes, or be silent, karà: thou wilt not be seen:] until he becomes within reach of it; when he throws a garment over it, and takes it. ('Eyn, TA.) And أَطْرِقْ كَرَا يُحْلَبْ لَكَ [Lower thine eyes, or be silent, karà: milk shall be drawn for thee:] is [a prov., mentioned by Meyd,] said to a stupid person whom one incites to hope for that which is vain, or false, and who believes [what is said to him]. (O.) b5: One says also, اطرق إِلَى اللَّهْوِ (tropical:) He inclined to diversion, sport, or play. (IAar, K, TA.) b6: اطرق اللَّيْلُ عَلَيْهِ: see 8: b7: and اطرقت الإِبِلُ: see 6.

A2: اطرق الصَّيْدَ He set a snare for the beasts, or birds, of the chase. (TA.) b2: And hence, اطرق فُلَانٌ لِفُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) Such a one plotted against such a one by calumny, or slander, in order to throw him into destruction, or into that from which escape would be difficult. (TA.) 5 تطرّق إِلَى كَذَا He found a way to such a thing: (MA:) or he sought to gain access to such a thing. (Er-Rághib, TA.) 6 تَطَارُقٌ signifies The coming consecutively, or being consecutive. (TA.) You say, تطارقت الإِبِلُ The camels came following one another, the head of each. [except the first] being at the tail of the next [before it], whether tied together in a file or not: (TA:) or went away, one after another; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ اِطَّرَقَت; (O, K, TA;) in the S, incorrectly, ↓ أَطْرَقَت; (O, K, TA;) in mentioned in the K, in another part of the art., and there expl. as meaning the followed one another; but the verb in this sense is ↓ اِطَّرَقَت: (TA:) and, (O, K, TA,) as some say, (O, TA,) this last signifies they scattered, or dispersed, themselves upon the roads, and quitted the main beaten tracks: (O, K, TA:) As cited as an ex., (from Ru-beh, TA,) describing camels, (O,) شَتِيتَا ↓ جَآءَتْ مَعًا واطَّرَقَتْ meaning They came together, and went away in a state of dispersion. (S, O, TA.) And you say, تطارق الظَّلَامُ وَالغَمَامُ The darkness and the clouds were, or became, consecutive. (TA.) And تطارقت عَلَيْنَا الأَخْبَارُ [The tidings came to us consecutively]. (TA.) 8 اِطَّرَقَ: see 3. Said of the wing of a bird, (S, TA,) Its feathers overlay one another: (TA:) or it was, or became, abundant and dense [in its feathers]. (S, TA.) And اطّرقت الأَرْضُ The earth became disposed in layers, one above another, being compacted by the rain. (TA.) And اطّرق الحَوْضُ The watering-trough, or tank, had in it [a deposit of] compacted dung, or dung and mud or clay, that had fallen into it. (TA.) and اطّرق عَلَيْهِ اللَّيْلُ, as in the O and L; in the K, erroneously, ↓ أَطْرَقَ; The night came upon him portion upon portion. (TA.) See also 6, in three places.10 استطرقهُ فَحْلًا He desired, or demanded, of him a stallion to cover his she-camels; (S, O, K;) like استضربهُ. (TA.) b2: And استطرقهُ He desired, or demanded, of him the practising of pessomancy (الضَّرْبَ بِالحَصَى), and the looking [or divining] for him therein. (K, * TA.) b3: And He desired, or demanded, of him the [having, or taking, a] road, or way, within some one of his boundaries. (TA.) b4: مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَسْتَطْرِقَ نَصِيبَ الآخَرِ, a phrase used by El-Kudooree, means Without his taking for himself the portion of the other as a road or way [or place of passage]. (Mgh.) And الاِسْتِطْرَاقُ بَيْنَ الصُّفُوفِ, a phrase used by Khwáhar-Zádeh [commonly pronounced KháharZádeh], means The going [or the taking for oneself a way] between the ranks [of the people engaged in prayer]: from الطَّرِيقُ. (Mgh.) And اِسْتَطْرَقْتُ

إِلَى البَابِ I went along a road, or way, to the door. (Msb.) [Hence a phrase in the Fákihet el-Khulafà, p. 105, line 15.] b5: [اسْتَطْرَقَتْ in a verse cited in the K in art. دد is a mistake for استطرفت, with فا: see 10 in art. طرب.]

طَرْقٌ [originally an inf. n., and as such app. signifying An act of striking the lute &c.: and hence,] a species (ضَرْبٌ) of the أَصْوَات [meaning sounds, or airs, or tunes,] of the lute: (TA:) or any صَوْت [i. e. air, or tune], (Lth, O, K, TA,) or any نَغْمَة [i. e. melody], (K, TA,) of the lute and the like, by itself: (Lth, O, K, TA:) you say, تَضْرِبُ هٰذِهِ الجَارِيَةُ كَذَا وَكَذَا طَرْقًا [This girl, or young woman, or female slave, plays such and such airs or tunes, or such and such melodies, of the lute or the like]. (Lth, O, K. *) b2: [Hence, probably,] عِنْدَهُ طُرُوقٌ مِنَ الكَلَامِ, sing. طَرْقٌ, a phrase mentioned by Kr; thought by ISd to mean He has [various] sorts, or species, of speech. (TA.) b3: See also طَرْقَةٌ, in four places.

A2: Also (tropical:) A stallion [camel] covering: (O, K, TA:) pl. طُرُوقٌ and طُرَّاقٌ: (TA:) an inf. n. used as a subst. [or an epithet]: (O, K, TA:) for ذُو طَرْقٍ. (TA.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) The sperma of the stallion [camel]: (S, K:) a man says to another, أَعِرْنِى

طَرْقَ فَحْلِكَ العَامَ i. e. [Lend thou to me] the sperma, and the covering, (As, TA.) which latter is said to be the original meaning, (TA,) of thy stallion [camel this year]. (As, TA.) And it is said to be sometimes applied metaphorically to (assumed tropical:) The sperma of man: or in relation to man, it may be an epithet, [like as it is sometimes in relation to a stallion-camel, as mentioned above,] and not metaphorical. (TA.) And طَرْقُ الجَمَلِ means also The hire that is given for the camel's covering of the female. (TA in art. شبر.) A3: Also, and ↓ مَطْرُوقٌ, (tropical:) Water (S, O, K, TA) of the rain (S, O, TA) in which camels (S, O, K) and others [i. e. other beasts] have staled, (S,) or waded and staled, (S, * O, K, TA,) and dunged: (S, O, TA:) or stagnant water in which beasts have waded and staled: (Mgh:) and ↓ طَرَقٌ [expressly stated to be مُحَرَّكَة] signifies [the same, or] water that has collected, in which there has been a wading and staling, so that it has become turbid; (TA;) or places where water collects and stagnates (S, O, K, TA) in stony tracts of land; (TA;) and the pl. of this is أَطْرَاقٌ. (TA.) A4: طَرْقٌ also signifies A [snare, trap, gin, or net, such as is commonly called] فَخّ, (IAar, O, K,) or the like thereof; and so ↓ طِرْقٌ: (K: [by Golius and Freytag, this meaning has been assigned to طَرْقَةٌ; and by Freytag, to طِرْقَةٌ also; in consequence of a want of clearness in the K:]) or a snare, or thing by means of which wild animals are taken, like the فَخّ; (Lth, O;) and ↓ طَرَقَةٌ, (S, O, K,) of which the pl. [or coll. gen. n.] is ↓ طَرَقٌ, (S, K,) signifies [the same, or] the snare (حِبَالَة) of the sportsman, (S, O, K,) having [what are termed] كِفَف [pl. of كِفَّةٌ, q. v.]. (S, O) A5: And A palm-tree: of the dial. of Teiyi. (AHn, K.) A6: And (tropical:) Weakness of intellect, (K, TA,) and softness. (TA [See طُرِقَ.]) طُرْقٌ: see طَرْقَةٌ.

A2: [Also a contraction of طُرُقٌ, pl. of طَرِيقٌ, q. v.]

A3: And pl. of طِرَاقٌ [q. v.]. (K.) طِرْقٌ Fat, as a subst.: (S, O, K:) this is the primary signification. (S, O.) [See an ex. voce بِنٌّ.] b2: And Fatness. (AHn, K.) One says, هٰذَا البَعِيرُ مَا بِه طِرْقٌ i. e. This camel has not in him fatness, and fat. (AHn, TA.) It is said to be mostly used in negative phrases. (TA.) b3: And Strength: (S, O, K:) because it mostly arises from fat. (S, O.) One says, مَا بِهِ طِرْقٌ, meaning There is not in him strength. (TA.) The pl. is أَطْرَاقٌ. (TA.) A2: See also طَرْقٌ, last quarter.

طَرَقٌ: see طَرْقٌ, third quarter. b2: Also i. q. مُذَلَّلٌ [applied to a beast, app. to a camel,] meaning Rendered submissive, or tractable; or broken. (TA.) A2: It is also pl. of ↓ طَرَقَةٌ, [or rather is a coll. gen. n. of which the n. un. is طَرَقَةٌ,] (S, O, K,) which latter signifies A row of bricks in a wall, or of other things, (S, O,) or [particularly] of palm-trees. (As, TA.) b2: Also, ↓ the latter, [as is expressly stated in the TA, and indicated in the S and O, (آثارُ and بَعْضُهَا in the CK being mistakes for آثارِ and بَعْضِهَا,)] The foot-marks [or track] of camels following near after one another. (S, O, K.) You say, وَاحِدَةٍ ↓ جَآءَتِ الإِبِلُ عَلَى طَرَقَةٍ The camels came upon one track [or in one line]; like as you say, عَلَى خُفٍّ وَاحِدٍ. (S, O. [See also a similar phrase voce مِطْرَاقٌ.]) And Aboo-Turáb mentions, as a phrase of certain of BenooKiláb, الإِبِلِ ↓ مَرَرْتُ عَلَى طَرَقَةِ and عَرَقَتِهَا, meaning I went upon the track of the camels. (TA.) b3: See also طَرْقٌ, last quarter.

A3: Also, i. e. طَرَقٌ, A duplicature, or fold, (ثِنْى, in the CK [erroneously] ثَنْى,) of a water-skin: (S, O, K:) and أَطْرَاقٌ is its pl., (S, O,) signifying its duplicatures, or folds, (S, O, K,) when it is bent, (O,) or when it is doubled, or folded, (S, K,) and bent. (S.) b2: And أَطْرَاقُ البَطْنِ The parts of the belly that lie one above another (K, TA) when it is wrinkled: pl. of طَرَقٌ. (TA.) b3: طَرَقٌ in the feathers of a bird is their Overlying one another: (S, O, K, TA:) or, accord. to the A, it is softness and flaccidity therein. (TA.) b4: [Also inf. n. of طَرِقَ, q. v.]

طَرْقَةٌ A time; one time; syn. مَرَّةٌ; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ طَرْقٌ, (O, K,) and ↓ طُرْقَةٌ and ↓ طُرْقٌ. (K.) You say, اِخْتَضَبَتِ المَرْأَةُ طَرْقَةً, (S, O,) or طَرْقَتَيْنِ, (S,) or ↓ طَرْقًا, (K,) or ↓ طَرْقَيْنِ, (O, K,) [&c.,] i. e. [The woman dyed her hands with hinnà] once, or twice. (S, O, K.) And أَنَا آتِى, فُلَانًا فِى اليَوْمِ طَرْقَتَيْنِ, (S, K,) and ↓ طَرْقَيْنِ, (O, K,) &c., (K,) i. e. (tropical:) [I come to such a one in the day] twice. (S, O, TA.) And هُوَ أَحْسَنُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ

بِعِشْرِينَ طَرْقَةً (assumed tropical:) [He is better than such a one by twenty times]. (A, TA.) A2: طَرْقَةُ الطَّرِيقِ meansThe main and middle part, or the distinct [beaten] track, of the road. (TA.) b2: And هٰذِهِ النَّبْلُ طَرْقَةُ رِجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ [These arrows are] the work, or manufacture, of one man. (S, O, K. *) A3: See also طِرِّيقَةٌ.

طُرْقَةٌ i. q. طَرِيقٌ, q. v. (K.) b2: And sing. of طُرَقٌ signifying The beaten tracks in roads; and of طُرُقَات in the phrase طُرُقَاتُ الإِبِلِ meaning the tracks of the camels following one another consecutively. (TA.) b3: Also A way, or course, that one pursues (طَرِيقَةٌ) to a thing. (K.) b4: and (assumed tropical:) A custom, manner, habit, or wont. (S, O, K.) One says, مَا زَالَ ذٰلِكَ طُرْقَتَكَ (assumed tropical:) That ceased not to be thy custom, &c. (S, O.) b5: And A line, or streak, (طَرِيقَةٌ,) in things that are sewed, or put, one upon another. (K, * TA: [المُطارَقَةُ in the CK is a mistake for المطارقةِ:]) as also ↓ طِرْقَةٌ. (K.) b6: And A line, or streak, in a bow: or lines, or streaks, therein: pl. طُرَقٌ: (K:) or its pl., i. e. طُرَقٌ, has the latter meaning. (S, O.) b7: And Stones one upon another. (O, K.) A2: Also Darkness. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) One says, جِئْتُهُ فِى طُرْقَةِ اللَّيْلِ [I came to him in the darkness of night]. (TA.) A3: And i. q. مَطْمَعٌ [app. as meaning Inordinate desire, though it also means a thing that is coveted], (Ibn-'Abbád, O,) or طَمَعٌ [which has both of these meanings]. (K.) [That the former is the meaning here intended I infer from the fact that Sgh immediately adds what here follows.] b2: IAar says, (O,) فِى فُلَانٍ

طُرْقَةٌ means In such a one is تَخْنِيث [i. e., app., a certain unnatural vice; see 2 (last sentence) in art. خنث]: (O, TA:) and so فِيهِ تَوْضِيعٌ. (TA.) A4: See also طَرْقَةٌ.

A5: Also Foolish; stupid; or unsound, or deficient, in intellect or understanding. (O, K.) A6: [Freytag adds, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees, that it signifies also A prey (præda).]

طِرْقَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

طَرَقَةٌ: see طَرَقٌ, in four places: b2: and see also طَرْقٌ, last quarter. b3: One says also, وَضَعَ الأَشْيَآءَ طَرَقَةً طَرَقَةً i. e. He put the things one upon another; and so ↓ طَرِيقَةً طَرِيقَةً. (TA.) طُرَقَةٌ (tropical:) A man who journeys by night in order that he may come to his أَهْل [meaning wife] in the night: (S, O, TA:) or one who journeys much by night. (L in art. خشف.) طِرَاقٌ (of which طُرْقٌ is the pl. [app. in all its senses]) Any sole that is sewed upon another sole so as to make it double, (S, * O, K,) matching the latter exactly: (O, K:) [this is called طِرَاقُ نَعْلٍ; for it is said that] طِرَاقُ النَّعْلِ signifies that with which the sole is covered, and which is sewed upon it. (S.) b2: And The skin [meaning sole] of a sandal, (Lth, O, K,) when the [thong, or strap, called] شِرَاك has been removed from it. (Lth, O.) El-Hárith Ibn-Hillizeh [in the 13th verse of his Mo'allakah, using it in a pl. sense,] applies it to the Soles that are attached to the feet of camels: (TA:) or he there means by it the marks left by the طراق of a she-camel. (EM p. 259.) And A piece of skin cut in a round form, of the size of a shield, and attached thereto, and sewed. (O, K.) b3: And Anything made to match, or correspond with, another thing. (Lth, O, K.) b4: Iron that is expanded, and then rounded, and made into a helmet (Lth, O, K) or a [kind of armlet called]

سَاعِد (Lth, O) and the like. (Lth, O, K.) and Any قَبِيلَة [i. e. plate, likened to a قبيلة of the head,] of a helmet, by itself. (Lth, O.) and Plates, of a helmet, one above another. (TA) b5: رِيشٌ طِرَاقٌ Feathers overlying one another. (S.) And طَائِرٌ طِرَاقُ الرِّيشِ A bird whose feathers overlie one another. (TA.) A2: Also A brand made upon the middle of the ear of a ewe, (En-Nadr, O, K,) externally; being a white line, made with fire, resembling a track of a road: (En-Nadr, O:) there are two such brands, called طِرَاقَانِ. (TA.) A3: See also طِرِّيقَةٌ.

طَرِيقٌ A road, way, or path; syn. سَبِيلٌ; (S;) [i. e. a beaten track, being of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; and applied to any place of passage;] and ↓ طُرْقَةٌ signifies the same: (K:) [see also مُسْتَطْرَقٌ:] it is masc. (S, O, Msb, K *) in the dial. of Nejd, and so in the Kur xx. 79; (Msb;) and fem. (S, O, Msb, K) in the dial. of El-Hijáz: (Msb:) the latter accord. to general usage: (MF:) [see زُقَاقٌ:] the pl. [of pauc.] is أَطْرِقَةٌ (S, Msb, K) with those who make the sing. masc. (Msb) and أَطْرُقٌ (O, K) with those who make the sing. fem. (TA) and [of mult.] طُرُقٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and طُرْقٌ [of which see an ex. voce دِلَالَةٌ] (K) and أَطْرِقَآءُ, (O, K,) and طُرُقَاتٌ is a pl. pl. (Msb, K) i. e. pl. of طُرُقٌ. (Msb, TA.) b2: In the saying بَنُو فُلَانٍ

يَطَؤُهُمُ الطَّرِيقُ, accord. to Sb, الطَّرِيقُ is for أَهْلُ الطَّلرِيقِ: [the meaning therefore is, (assumed tropical:) The sons of such a one sojourn, or encamp, where the people of the road tread upon them, i. e., become their guests: (see more in art. وطأ:)] or, as some say, الطريق here means the wayfarers without any suppression. (TA.) b3: حَقُّ الطَّرِيقِ [The duty relating to the road] is the lowering of the eyes; the putting away, or aside, what is hurtful, or annoying; the returning of salutations; the enjoining of that which is good; and the forbidding of that which is evil. (El-Jámi' es-Sagheer. See جَلَسَ.) b4: قَطَعَ الطَّرِيقَ [He intercepted the road] means he made the road to be feared, relying upon his strength, robbing, and slaying men [or passengers]. (Msb in art. قطع.) [And أَصَابَ الطَّرِيقَ means the same; or, as expl. by Freytag, on the authority of Meyd, He was, or became, a robber.] b5: [Hence,] اِبْنُ الطَّرِيقِ means (assumed tropical:) The robber [on the highway]. (T in art. بنى.) b6: [But أَهْلُ طَرِيقِ اللّٰهِ means (assumed tropical:) The devotees.] b7: أُمُّ طَرِيقٍ, thus correctly in the 'Eyn, [and shown to be so by a verse there cited, q. v. voce عَسْبٌ,] (assumed tropical:) The hyena: erroneously written by Sgh, ↓ امّ طُرَّيْقٍ; and the author of the K has copied him in this instance accord. to his usual custom. (TA.) b8: See also أُمُّ الطَّرِيقِ and أُمَّةُ الطَّرِيقِ in art. ام. b9: بَنَاتُ الطَّرِيقِ means (assumed tropical:) The branches of the road, that vary, and lead in any, or every, direction. (TA.) b10: طَرِيقٌ signifies also The space between two rows of palm-trees; as being likened to the طَرِيق [commonly so called] in extension. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b11: أَخَذَ فُلَانٌ فِى الطَّرِيقِ means the same as أَخَذَ فِى التَّطْرِيقِ [expl. before: see 2, near the end]. (TA.) b12: طَرِيقٌ as syn. with طَرِيقَةٌ: see the latter word, first sentence. b13: [بِالطَّرِيقِ الأَوْلَى is a phrase of frequent occurrence, app. post-classical; lit. By the fitter way; meaning with the stronger reason; à fortiori: see an ex. in Beyd xlii. 3, and De Sacy's Anthol. Gr. Ar. p. 467.]

A2: Also A sort of palm-tree. (TA.) b2: See also طَرِيقَةٌ (of which it is said to be a pl.), last sentence.

طُرَيْقٌ: see أُطَيْرِقٌ.

طَرُوقَةٌ A she-camel covered by the stallion; of the measure فَعُولَةٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ. (Msb.) طَرُوقَةُ الفَحْلِ means The female of the stallion [camel]. (S, O.) And (S, O) A she-camel that has attained to the fit age for her being covered by the stallion: (S, O, Msb, K:) it is not a condition of the application of the term that he has already covered her: (Msb:) or a young, or youthful, she-camel that has attained to that age and kept to the stallion and been chosen by him. (TA.) And one says to a husband, كَيْفَ طَرُوقَتُكَ, meaning (assumed tropical:) How is thy wife? (TA:) every wife is termed طَرُوقَةُ زَوْجِهَا, (O,) or طروقة بَعْلِهَا, (Msb,) or طروقة فَحْلِهَا; (K, * TA;) which is thought by ISd to be metaphorical. (TA.) b2: One says also, نَوَّخَ اللّٰهُ الأَرْضَ طَرُوقَةً

لِلْمَآءِ i. e. (assumed tropical:) God made, or may God make, the land capable of receiving the water [of the rains so as to be impregnated, or fertilized, or soaked, thereby]; expl. by جَعَلَهَا مِمَّا تُطِيقُهُ. (S in art. نوخ.) [See also a verse cited in art. سفد, conj. 4.]

طَرِيقَةٌ A way, course, rule, mode, or manner, of acting or conduct or the like, (syn. مَذْهَبٌ, S, TA, and سِيرَةٌ, and مَسْلَكٌ, TA,) of a man, (S, TA,) whether it be approved or disapproved; (TA;) as also ↓ طَرِيقٌ, which is metaphorically used in this sense: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [like مَذْهَبٌ, often relating to the doctrines and practices of religion: and often used in post-classical times as meaning the rule of a religious order or sect:] and meaning also a manner of being; a state, or condition; (syn. حَالَةٌ, S, or حَالٌ, O, K;) as in the saying, مَا زَالَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى طَرِيقَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ [Such a one ceased not to be in one state, or condition]; (S;) and it is applied to such as is good and to such as is evil. (O.) One says also, هُوَ عَلَى

طَرِيقَتِهِ [He is following his own way, or course]. (TA voce جَدِيَّةٌ.) لَوِ اسْتَقَامُوا عَلَى الطَّرِيقَةِ, in the Kur [lxxii. 16], means, accord. to Fr, [If they had gone on undeviating in the way] of polytheism: but accord. to others, of the right direction. (O.) [The pl. is طَرَائِقُ.] b2: [It is also used for أَهْلُ طَرِيقَةٍ: and in like manner the pl., for أَهْلُ طَرَائِقَ. Thus,] كُنَّا طَرَائِقَ قِدَدًا, in the Kur [lxxii. 11], means (assumed tropical:) We were sects differing in our desires. (Fr, S, O. [See also قِدَّةٌ.]) And طَرِيقَةُ القَوْمِ means (tropical:) The most excel-lent, (S, O, K, TA,) and the best, (S, O,) and the eminent, or noble, persons, (K, TA,) of the people: (S, O, K, TA:) and you say, هٰذَا رَجُلٌ طَرِيقَةُ قَوْمِهِ (tropical:) [This is a man the most excellent, &c., of his people]: and هٰؤُلَآءِ طَرِيقَةُ قَوْمِهِمْ and طَرَائِقُ قَوْمِهِمْ (tropical:) These are [the most excellent, &c., or] the eminent, or noble, persons of their people: (S, O, K, * TA:) so says Yaakoob, on the authority of Fr. (S, O, TA.) وَيَذْهَبَا بِطَرِيقَتِكُمُ المُثْلَى, in the Kur [xx. 66], means [And that they may take away] your most excellent body of people: (O:) or your eminent, or noble, body of people who should be made examples to be followed: and Zj thinks that بطريقتكم is for بِأَهْلِ طَرِيقَتِكُم: (TA:) or, accord. to Akh, the meaning is, your established rule or usage, and your religion, or system of religious ordinances. (O, TA.) b3: [Also (assumed tropical:) The way, or course, of an event: and hence,] طَرَائِقُ الدَّهْرِ means (assumed tropical:) The vicissitudes of time or fortune. (TA.) b4: [And (assumed tropical:) The air of a song &c.: but this is probably post-classical.] b5: Also A line, streak, or stripe, in a thing: (K, TA:) [and a crease, or wrinkle; often used in this sense:] and [its pl.] طَرَائِقُ signifies the lines, or streaks, that are called حُبُك, of a helmet. (TA.) The طَرِيقَة [or line] that is in the upper part of the back: and the line, or streak, that extends upon [i. e. along] the back of the ass. (TA.) [A vein, or seam, in a rock or the like. A track in stony or rugged land &c. A narrow strip of ground or land, and of herbage.] An extended piece or portion [i. e. a strip] of sand; and likewise of fat; and [likewise of flesh; or] an oblong piece of flesh. (TA.) b6: [Hence, app.,] ثَوْبٌ طَرَائِقُ A garment old and worn out [as though reduced to strips or shreds]. (Lh, K.) b7: ذَاتُ طَرَائِقَ and فِيهَا طَرَائِقُ are phrases used, the latter by Dhu-r-Rummeh, in describing a spear-shaft (قَنَاة) shrunk by dryness [app. meaning Having lines, or what resemble wrinkles, caused by shrinking]. (TA.) b8: And طَرَائِقُ signifies also The last remains of the soft and best portions of pasturage. (TA.) b9: And The stages of Heaven; so called because they lie one above another: (TA:) [for] السَّمٰوَاتُ سَبْعُ طَرَائِقَ بَعْضُهَا فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ

[The Heavens are seven stages, one above another]; (Lth, O, TA:) and they have mentioned [likewise] the stages of the earth [as seven in number: and of hell also: see دَرَكٌ]. (TA.) See also طَرَقَةٌ. b10: Accord. to Lth, (O, TA,) طَرِيقَةٌ signifies also Any أُحْدُورَة, (so in the O and in copies of the K and accord. to the TA, and thus also in the JK,) or أُخْدُودَة, (thus accord. to the CK,) [neither of which words have I found in any but this passage, nor do I know any words nearly resembling them except أُحْدُور and أُخْدُود, of which they may be mistranscriptions, or perhaps dial. vars., the former signifying a declivity, slope, or place of descent, and the latter a furrow, trench, or channel,] of the earth or ground: (O, K, TA:) or [any] border, or side, (صَنِفَة,) of a garment, or piece of cloth; or of a thing of which one part is stuck upon another, or of which the several portions are stuck one upon another; and in like manner of colours [similarly disposed]. (O, TA.) b11: And A web, or thing woven, of wool, or of [goats'] hair, a cubit in breadth, (S, O, K, TA,) or less, (S, O, TA,) and in length four cubits, or eight cubits, (TA,) [or] proportioned to the size of the tent (S, O, K, TA) in its length, (S, O,) which is sewed in the place where the شِقَاق [or oblong pieces of cloth that compose the main covering of the tent] meet, from the كِسْر [q. v.] to the كِسْر; (S, O, K, TA;) [it is app. sewed beneath the middle of the tent-covering, half of its breadth being sewed to one شُقَّة and the other half thereof to the other middle شُقَّة; (see Burckhardt's

“ Bedouins and Wahábys,” p. 38 of the 8vo ed.;) and sometimes, it seems, there are three طَرَائِق, one in the middle and one towards each side; for it is added,] and in them are the heads of the tentpoles, [these generally consisting of three rows, three in each row,] between which and the طرائق are pieces of felt, in which are the nozzles (أُنُوف) of the tent-poles, in order that these may not rend the طرائق. (TA.) b12: Also A tent pole; any one of the poles of a tent: a خِبَآء has one طريقة: a بَيْت has two and three and four [and more]: and the part between two poles is called مَتْنٌ: (Az, TA in art. زبع:) or the pole of a [large tent such as is called] مِظَلَّة, (K, TA,) and of a خِبَآء. (TA.) b13: And A tall palm-tree: (K:) or the tallest of palm-trees: so called in the dial. of ElYemámeh: (AA, ISk, S, O:) or a smooth palmtree: or a palm-tree [the head of] which may be reached by the hand: (TA:) pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] ↓ طَرِيقٌ. (AA, ISk, S, O.) طِرَّاقٌ: see طِرْيَاقٌ.

أُمُّ طُرَّيْقٍ: see طَرِيقٌ, latter part.

طِرِّيقٌ means كَثِيرُ الإِطْرَاقِ [i. e. One who lowers his eyes, looking towards the ground, much, or often; or who keeps silence much, or often]; (Lth, O, K;) applied to a man: (Lth, O:) and ↓ مِطْرَاقٌ signifies [the same, or] one who keeps silence much, or often; as also ↓ مُطْرِقٌ [except that this does not imply muchness or frequency]. (TA.) b2: And The male of the [bird called] كَرَوَان; (Lth, O, K;) because, when it sees a man, it falls upon the ground and is silent. (Lth, O.) [See 4.] b3: أَرْضٌ طِرِّيقَةٌ Soft, or plain, land or ground; (O, K;) as though beaten so as to be rendered even, or easy to be travelled, and trodden with the feet. (TA.) طِرِّيقَةٌ [fem. of طِرِّيقٌ: see what next precedes.

A2: And also a subst., signifying] Gentleness and submissiveness: (S, O:) or softness, or flaccidity, and gentleness: (O, K:) and softness, or flaccidity, and languor, or affected languor, and weakness, in a man; as also ↓ طَرْقَةٌ and ↓ طِرَاقٌ. (TA.) One says, تَحْتَ طِرِّيقَتِكَ لَعِنْدَأْوَةٌ (S, O, K) i. e. Beneath thy gentleness and submissiveness is occasionally somewhat of hardness: (S, O, TA:) or beneath thy silence is impetuosity, and refractoriness: (TA:) or beneath thy silence is deceit, or guile. (K, voce عِنْدَأْوَةٌ, q. v.) طِرْيَاقٌ i. q. تِرْيَاقٌ [q. v.], (O, K,) as also دِرْيَاقٌ; (O;) and so ↓ طِرَّاقٌ. (O, K.) طَارِقٌ [act. part. n. of طَرَقَ; and, as such, generally meaning] Coming, or a comer, (S,) [i. e.] anything coming, (O, Msb,) by night: (S, O, Msb:) one who comes by night being thus called because of his [generally] needing to knock at the door: in the Mufradát [of Er-Rághib] said to signify a wayfarer (سَالِكٌ لِلطَّرِيقِ): but in the common conventional language particularly applied to the comer by night: its pl. is أَطْرَاقٌ, like أَنْصَارٌ pl. of نَاصِرٌ, [and app., as in a sense hereafter mentioned, طُرَّاقٌ also, agreeably with analogy,] and the pl. of [its fem.] طَارِقَةٌ is طَوَارِقُ. (TA.) [طَارِقُ المَنَايَا, like دَاعِى المَنَايَا, means The summoner of death, lit., of deaths; because death makes known its arrival or approach suddenly, like a person knocking at the door in the night.] b2: Hence الطَّارِقُ, mentioned in the Kur [lxxxvi. 1 and 2], The star that appears in the night: (Er-Rághib, O:) or the morning-star; (S, O, K;) because it comes [or appears] in [the end of] the night. (O.) b3: Hence the saying of Hind (S, O) the daughter of 'Otbeh the son of Rabee'ah, on the day [of the battle] of Ohud, quoting proverbially what was said by Ez-Zarkà

El-Iyádeeyeh when Kisrà warred with Iyád, (O,) لَا نَنْثَنِى لِوَامِقِ نَحْنُ بَنَاتُ طَارِقِ نَمْشِى عَلَى النَّمَارِقِ (assumed tropical:) [We are the daughters of one like a star, or a morning-star: we bend not to a lover: we walk upon the pillows]: (S, * O, * TA:) meaning we are the daughters of a chief; likening him to the star in elevation; (O, TA;) i. e. our father is, in respect of elevation, like the shining star: (S:) or بَنَاتُ طَارِقٍ means (assumed tropical:) The daughters of the kings. (T and TA in art. بنى.) b4: And طَارِقٌ signifies also [A diviner: and particularly, by means of pebbles; a practiser of pessomancy: or] one who is nearly a كَاهِن; possessing more knowledge than such as is termed حَازٍ: (ISh, TA in art. حزى:) طُرَّاقٌ [is its p., and] signifies practisers of divination: and طَوَارِقُ [is pl. of طَارِقَةٌ, and thus] signifies female practisers of divination: Lebeed says, لَعَمْرُكَ مَا تَدْرِى الطَّوَارِقُ بِالحَصَى

وَلَا زَاجِرَاتُ الطَّيْرِ مَا اللّٰهُ صَانِعُ [By thy life, or by thy religion, the diviners with pebbles know not, nor the diviners by the flight of birds, what God is doing]. (S, O.) طَارِقَةٌ [a subst. from طَارِقٌ, made so by the affix ة, (assumed tropical:) An event occurring, or coming to pass, in the night: pl. طَوَارِقُ]. One says, نَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ طَوَارِقِ السَّوْءِ (tropical:) [We seek protection by God from] the nocturnal events or accidents or casualties [that are occasions of that which is evil]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) And طَارِقَةٌ occurring in a trad. of 'Alee is expl. as signifying طَرَقَتْ بِخَيْرٍ [app. meaning An event that has occurred in the night bringing good, or good fortune]. (TA.) A2: Also A man's [small sub-tribe such as is called] عَشِيرَة, (S, O, K,) and [such as is called] فَخِذ. (S, O.) A3: And A small couch, (IDrd, O, K,) of a size sufficient for one person: of the dial. of El-Yemen. (IDrd, O.) A4: [El-Makreezee mentions the custom of attaching طَوَارِق حَرْبِيَّة upon the gates of Cairo and upon the entrances of the houses of the أُمَرَآء; and De Sacy approves of the opinion of A. Schultens and of M. Reinaud that the meaning is Cuirasses, from the Greek θώραξ: (see De Sacy's Chrest. Arabe, sec. ed., vol. i. pp. 274-5:) but I think that the meaning is more probably large maces; for such maces, each with a head like a cannon-ball, may still be seen, if they have not been removed within the last few years, upon several of the gates of Cairo; and if so, طَوَارِق in this case is app. from طَرَقَ “ he beat: ” see also عَمُودٌ.]

طَارِقِيَّةٌ A قِلَادَة [i. e. collar, or necklace]: (K:) [or rather] a sort of قَلَائِد [pl. of قِلَادَة]. (Lth, O.) أَطْرَقُ A camel having the affection termed طَرَقٌ, inf. n. of طَرِقَ [q. v.]: fem. طَرْقَآءُ: (S, O, K:) and the latter is said by Lth to be applied to the hind leg as meaning having the crookedness termed طَرَقٌ in its سَاق. (O.) أُطَيْرِقٌ and ↓ طُرَيْقٌ A sort of palm-tree of El-Hijáz, (AHn, O, K,) that is early in bearing, before the other palm-trees; the ripening and ripe dates of which are yellow: (O:) AHn also says, in one place, the اطيرق is a species of palm-trees, the earliest in bearing of all the palm-trees of El-Hijáz; and by certain of the poets such are called الطُّرَيْقُونَ and الأُطَيْرِقُونَ. (TA.) تُرْسٌ مُطْرَقٌ [A shield having another sewed upon it: or covered with skin and sinews]: (S:) and مَجَانُّ مُطْرَقَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) or ↓ مُطَرَّقَةٌ, (O, Msb, K,) Shields sewed one upon another; (S, O, K;) formed of two skins, one of them sewed upon the other; (Msb;) like نَعْلٌ مُطْرَقَةٌ a sole having another sole sewed upon it; as also ↓ مُطَارَقَةٌ: (S, O, K:) or shields clad [i. e. covered] with skin and sinews. (S, O.) كَأَنَّ وُجُوهَهُمُ المَجَانُّ المُطْرَقَةُ, or ↓ المُطَرَّقَةُ, occurring in a trad., (Msb, TA,) i. e. [As though their faces were] shields clad with sinews one above another, (TA,) means (assumed tropical:) having rough, or coarse, and broad, faces. (Msb, TA.) b2: And رِيشٌ مُطْرَقٌ Feathers overlying one another. (TA.) مُطْرِقٌ Having a natural laxness of the eye [or rather of the eyelids, and a consequent lowering of the eye towards the ground]: (S, O:) [or bending down the head: or lowering the eyes, looking towards the ground; either naturally or otherwise: (see its verb, 4:)] and silent, or keeping silence. (TA. See also طِرِّيقٌ.) b2: It is also applied as an epithet to a stallion-camel: and to a [she-camel such as is termed] جُمَالِيَّة [i. e. one resembling a he-camel in greatness of make], and, thus applied, [and app. likewise when applied to a stallion-camel,] it may mean That does not utter a grumbling cry, nor vociferate: or, accord. to Khálid Ibn-Jembeh, [quick in pace, for he says that] it is from طَرْقٌ signifying “ quickness of going. ” (Sh, TA.) b3: See also مِطْرَاقٌ, last sentence. b4: And, applied to a man, (tropical:) Low, ignoble, or mean, (K, TA,) in race, or parentage, or in the grounds of pretension to respect or honour. (TA.) A2: Also An enemy: from أَطْرَقَ فُلَانٌ لِفُلَانٍ expl. above [see 4, last sentence]. (TA.) مِطْرَقٌ: see the next paragraph.

مِطْرَقَةٌ The rod, or stick, with which wool is beaten, (S, O, K, TA,) to loosen it, or separate it; (S, * O, * TA;) as also ↓ مِطْرَقٌ. (O, K, TA.) And A rod, or stick, or small staff, with which one is beaten: pl. مَطَارِقُ: one says, ضَرَبَهُ بِالمَطَارِقِ He beat him with the rods, &c. (TA.) b2: and The implement [i. e. hammer] (S, Mgh, O, Msb) of the blacksmith, (S, O,) with which the iron is beaten. (Mgh, Msb.) ذَهَبٌ مُطَرَّقٌ Stamped, or minted, gold; syn. مَسْكُوكٌ. (TA.) b2: And نَاقَةٌ مُطَرَّقَةٌ [like مَطْرُوقَةٌ (q. v.)] (assumed tropical:) A she-camel rendered tractable, submissive, or manageable. (TA.) b3: And جُلٌّ مُطَرَّقٌ [A horse-cloth] in which are [various] colours [app. forming طَرَائِق, i. e. lines, streaks, or stripes]. (O.) b4: See also مُطْرَقٌ, in two places.

قَطَاةٌ مُطَرِّقٌ [thus without ة] A bird of the species called قَطًا that has arrived at the time of her egg's coming forth. (S.) [See also مُعَضِّلٌ.]

مِطْرَاقٌ: see طِرِّيقٌ.

A2: Also A she-camel recently covered by the stallion. (O, TA.) A3: And pl. of مَطَارِيق in the saying جَآءَتِ الإِبِلُ مَطَارِيقَ (TA) which means The camels came in one طَرِيق [i. e. road, or way]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or the camels came following one another (S, O, K, * TA) when drawing near to the water. (O, K, TA. [See also a similar phrase voce طَرَقٌ.]) b2: [Hence,] مِطْرَاقُ الشَّىْءِ signifies That which follows the thing; and the like of the thing: (K:) one says, هٰذَا مِطْرَاقُ هٰذَا This is what follows this; and the like of this: (S, O:) and the pl. is مَطَارِيقُ. (S.) b3: And مَطَارِيقُ signifies also Persons going on foot: (K:) one says, خَرَجَ القَوْمُ مَطَارِيقَ The people, or party, went forth going on foot; having no beasts: and the sing. is مِطْرَاقٌ, (O,) or ↓ مُطْرِقٌ, ('Eyn, L, * TA, *) accord. to A 'Obeyd; the latter, if correct, extr. (TA.) مَطْرُوقٌ [pass. part. n. of طَرَقَ; Beaten, &c.].

هُوَ مَطْرُوقٌ means He is one whom every one beats or slaps (يَطْرُقُهُ كُلُّ أَحَدٍ). (TA.) b2: And (tropical:) A man in whom is softness, or flaccidity, (As, S, O, K, TA,) and weakness: (As, S:) or weakness and softness: (TA:) or softness and flaccidity: from the saying هُوَ مَطْرُوقٌ i. e. اصابته حادثة كتفته [which, if we should read كَتَفَتْهُ, seems to mean he is smitten by an event, or accident, that has disabled him as though it bound his arms behind his back; but I think it probable that كتفته is a mistranscription]: or because he is مصروف [app. a mistake for مَضْرُوب], like as one says مَقْرُوع and مَدَوَّخ [app. meaning beaten and subdued, or rendered submissive]: or as being likened, in abjectness, to a she-camel that is termed مَطْرُوقَةٌ [like مَطَرَّقَةٌ (q. v.)]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) مَطْرُوقَةٌ applied to a woman means [app. Soft and feminine;] that does not make herself like a man. (TA.) [See also a reading of a verse cited voce مَطْرُوفٌ.] b3: Also (tropical:) Weak in intellect, (K, TA,) and soft. (TA.) b4: Applied to herbage, Smitten by the rain after its having dried up. (Ibn-'Abbád, L, K.) b5: See also طَرْقٌ, latter half. Applied to a ewe, مَطْرُوقَةٌ signifies Branded with the mark called طِرَاق upon the middle of her ear. (ISh, O, K.) مُطَارَقٌ: see its fem., with ة, voce مُطْرَقٌ.

مُسْتَطْرَقٌ (tropical:) i. q. سِكَّةٌ [app. as meaning A road, like طَرِيقٌ; or a highway]. (TA.) مُنْطَرِقَاتٌ Mineral substances. (TA.)

(ح ج ر) : (الْحَجْرُ) الْمَنْعُ وَمِنْهُ حَجَرَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَاضِي فِي مَالِهِ إذَا مَنَعَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يُفْسِدَهُ فَهُوَ مَحْجُورٌ عَلَيْهِ وَقَوْلُهُمْ الْمَحْجُورُ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا عَلَى حَذْفِ الصِّلَةِ كَالْمَأْذُونِ أَوْ عَلَى اعْتِبَارِ الْأَصْلِ لِأَنَّ الْأَصْلَ حَجَرَةٌ لَكِنْ اُسْتُعْمِلَ فِي مَنْعٍ مَخْصُوصٍ فَقِيلَ حَجَرَ عَلَيْهِ (وَالْحَجْرَةُ) النَّاحِيَةُ وَمِنْهَا حَدِيثُ فُرَافِصَةَ «أَنَّهُ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - رَأَى رَجُلًا فِي حَجْرَةٍ مِنْ الْأَرْضِ فَقَالَ أَعِدْ الصَّلَاةَ» (وَالْحِجْرُ) بِالْكَسْرِ مَا أَحَاطَ بِهِ الْحَطِيمُ مِمَّا يَلِي الْمِيزَابَ مِنْ الْكَعْبَةِ وَقَوْلُهُ كُلُّ شَوْطٍ مِنْ الْحِجْرِ إلَى الْحِجْرِ وَيَعْنِي بِهِ هَذَا سَهْوٌ إنَّمَا الصَّوَابُ مِنْ الْحِجْرِ إلَى الْحَجَرِ يَعْنِي الْحَجَرَ الْأَسْوَدَ لِأَنَّ الَّذِي يَطُوفُ يَبْدَأُ بِهِ فَيَسْتَلِمُهُ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُهُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ عَلَى بَابِ الْكَعْبَةِ (وَحَجْرُ) الْإِنْسَانِ بِالْفَتْحِ وَالْكَسْرِ حِضْنُهُ وَهُوَ مَا دُونَ إبِطِهِ إلَى الْكَشْحِ ثُمَّ قَالُوا فُلَانٌ فِي حِجْرِ فُلَانٍ أَيْ فِي كَنَفِهِ وَمَنَعَتِهِ وَمِنْهُ قَوْله تَعَالَى {وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللاتِي فِي حُجُورِكُمْ} [النساء: 23] وَقَوْلُهَا إنَّ ابْنِي هَذَا كَانَ لَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا (وَحِجْرِي لَهُ حِوَاءً) بِالضَّمِّ أَيْ مَكَانًا يَحْوِيهِ وَيُؤْوِيهِ (وَالْحِجْرُ) بِالْكَسْرِ الْحَرَامُ وَالْحُجْرُ بِالضَّمِّ لُغَةٌ وَبِهِ وَسُمِّيَ وَالِدُ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ وَبِتَصْغِيرِهِ سُمِّيَ وَالِدُ قَاضِي مِصْرَ ابْنُ حُجَيْرٍ (وَمِنْهُ) وَتَحَجَّرْتَ عَلَيَّ مَا وَسَّعَهُ اللَّهُ أَيْ ضَيَّقْتَ وَحَرَّمْتَ وَاحْتَجَرَ الْأَرْضَ أَعْلَمَ عَلَمًا فِي حُدُودِهَا لِيَحُوزَهَا وَيَمْنَعَهَا (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْلُ عُمَرَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - لِبِلَالِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ إنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يُعْطِك الْعَقِيقَ وَهُوَ مَوْضِعٌ لِتَحْتَجِرَهُ عَنْ النَّاسِ وَفِي حَدِيثِهِ أَيْضًا «مَنْ أَحْيَا أَرْضًا مَيْتَةً فَهِيَ لَهُ» «وَلَيْسَ لِمُحْتَجِرٍ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ حَقٌّ» وَفِي شَرْحِ خُوَاهَرْ زَادَهْ لِتَحَجُّرٍ وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ وَالْحَجَرُ بِفَتْحَتَيْنِ مِنْ هَذَا الْبَابِ لِأَنَّهُ مُمْتَنِعٌ لِصَلَابَتِهِ وَبِجَمْعِهِ سُمِّيَتْ أَحْجَارُ الزَّيْتِ وَهِيَ مَحَلَّةٌ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَيُشْتَقُّ مِنْهُ فَيُقَالُ (اسْتَحْجَرَ) الطِّينُ إذَا صَلُبَ كَالْحَجَرِ وَالْآجُرُّ طِينٌ مُسْتَحْجِرٌ بِالْكَسْرِ أَيْ صُلْبٌ (وَالْحَنْجَرَةُ) مَجْرَى النَّفَسِ مِنْ هَذَا أَيْضًا لِأَنَّهُ مَوْضِعٌ ضَيِّقٌ حَجَرُ الْفَصِّ فِي (جح) فِي سَوَادِ عِرَاقٍ أَقْصَى حَجِرٍ فِي (جز) .

حجر: حجر عليه ذكرها فوك في مادة ( tutor testmentarius) ( انظر لين).
وحجر على الشيء له: اختصه به (الأصطخري ص42).
حجر على الموضع: منع الناس من الدخول إليه (بوشر).
حجروا على انابرهم: منعوا الدخول إلى أهرائهم، وسدوها (بوشر).
حَجَّر (بالتشديد). لا يقال حجَّر حول أرضه فقط (لين) بل يقال أيضاً حجر على أرضه. (معجم الماوردي).
وحجَّر الشيء وعليه، ذكرها فوك في مادة tutor testmentarius)) .
وحجَّر على فلان وفيه: منعه من التصرُّف في الشيء. ونجد في كتاب العقود (ص6) وثيقتين سمَّى كل واحدة منهما وثيقة التحجير، والأولى كتبت بالعبارات التالية: حجر فلان -على زوجته- في جميع مالها وماله هو ومنعها من البيع والشراء والهبات وجميع أنواع التصريفات فإنه حجر عليها تحجيراً يمنع لها التصرُّف.
وتقرأ في الثانية: حجره تحجيراً صحيحاً.
رسم التحجير: رسم الحجز، رسم القضاء (رولاند).
وحجَّره: حوله إلى حجر، ففي معجم بوشر تحجير: تحول إلى حجر، تحجَّر. وفيه مُحَجَّر: متحجَّر، متحول إلى حجر. وفيه أيضاً تحجير: تحجر واستحجار.
وحجَّر: بلَّط (ألكالا).
وتحجير الطريق: وعورة الطريق (بوشر).
وحجَّره: رجمه، قذفه، بالحجارة (فوك) وانظر: مُحجَّر. تحجَّر على = احتجر. المعنى الثاني عند لين، (معجم الماوردي).
وتحجَّر: ذكرها فوك في مادة Lapidore)) . وتحجَّر: تجمَّد وتبلور (ابن البيطار1: 187).
احتجر: يقال فيحتجر نسخ القرآن أي لم ينقطها ولم يسكَّلها بحيث إن قرأتها تصبح مقصورة عليه (دي ساسي طرائف 1: 234).
حِجْر: هذه اللفظة هي في معجم هلو ركبة وهو ينطقها ( Hhedjer) وعند رولاند نجد ( Hedjeur) ركبتان. وتفسير هذا المعنى الذي يبدو غريبا بادي الرأي يذكره بولميير الذي يقول: طفل على حجر فيرى من هذا إن كلمة حجر لا تعني ركبة بل لها معناها العادي وهو حضن، فالطفل ينام على ركبتي أمه = في حضن أمه.
حُجْر: قطعة نسيج مرعة يعلقها كاهن الروم على جانب فخذه الأيمن وقت التقدمة (محيط المحيط).
حَجَر: قد تستعمل هذه الكلمة مؤنثة إذا دَّلت على معنى حَجَرة واحدة حجر. (معجم أبي فداء) - والجمع أحجار يراد به أحجار القبر (معجم مسلم).
وحَجر: رحى، طاحونة (معجم الأسبانية ص110).
وحجر: حَجر كريم، حجر نفيس (دي ساسي طرائف 1: 245)، أما ري ديب ص150).
وحجر: قطعة لعب الشطرنج (ألف ليلة 4: 194،195) وند في معجم بوشر: بيت حجارة السطرنج أو الشطرنج، حيث توضع بيادقه أو أحجاره.
وحجر دامه: بيدق، حجر صغير في لعبة الدامة (بوشر).
وحجر كرة: قنبلة، وسميِّت بذلك لأن المدافع حين حلَّت محل المنجنيقات كانت تقذف بكرات من الحجر (الجريدة الآسيوية 1850، 1: 238).
وإذا أضيفت هذه الكلمة إلى أخرى أصبحت مثل كلمة ( stein) بالألمانية و ( pierre) بالفرنسية تدل على معنى قصر. يقال مثلا حجر أبي خالد أي قصر أبي خالد، وحجر النسر الذي يترجم بالألمانية ( Geyerstein) ( رسالة إلى فليشر ص213 - 214).
وحجر: حب الغمام، برد، وذلك حين تكون حباته كبيرة (مارتن171). وحجر: في مصر هو الغليون الذي يدخن به التبغ (محيط المحيط).
حجر أرمني: حجر منسوب إلى أرمينية (ابن البيطار 1: 292). ونجد في المستعيني (في مادة حجر اللازورد) حجر ارميني وهو باليونانية ارمنياقون وتعني هذه الكلمة (لازورد).
حجر الإسفنج: ( Cysteolithe) ( ابن البيطار: 1: 288) حجر أفريقي: ( Lapis Phryguis) ( ابن البيطار 1: 286).
حجر الماس: الألماس (بوشر). حجر أنا خاطس: انظر ابن البيطار (1: 289).
حجر بارقي: انظر ابن البيطار (1: 289).
حجر بحري: هو قشرة القنفذ البحري أو توتياء البحر. (ابن البيطار1: 136).
وقد كتبها سونثيمر حجر البحري بأل التعريف خطأ منه. وليس هذا في مخطوطة اب من ابن البيطار، وقد أساء ترجمة عبارة ابن البيطار ففيه: وهذه صفة القنفذ البحري وهي خزفة يرمي بها البحر وقد تناثر شوكها وذهب ما في جوفها من اللحم وهي كثيرة في أرض المغرب.
حجر البرام: انظر برام.
حجر البُسْر: انظر ابن البيطار (1: 293) وقد ذكر ضبط الكلمة.
حجر البَقَر: هو تصلب حجري يتكون أحياناً في مرارة البقر. وهو نوع من البادزهر أي الترياق (ابن البيطار 1: 291، سنج).
حجر بلاط: حجر رملي، حجر يستعمل لرصف الأرض وتبليطها (بوشر).
حجر البلور: بلَّور. (ابن البيطار1: 289).
حجر البَهْت: انظر بهت. حجر بولس: حجر بول، انظر ابن البيطار (1: 291).
حجر التوتيا: حجر سليماني، سيليكات الزنك الطبيعي (بوشر). حجر الأثداء: حجر الثدِيّ (ابن البيطار 1: 288).
حجر ثراقي: حجر تراسيوس (ابن البيطار1: 287) هكذا ذكر في مخطوطة د، وقد تحرف في المخطوطات الأخرى.
حجر الجُدَرِيِّ: حجر يشفى يشفي من مرض الجدري (سنج).
الحجر الجَفّاف: حجر الخَفان، حجر الكذّان (ابن البيطار 2: 332) وفيه: هو الفينك وهو الحجر الجفَّاف.
حجر جهنَّم: حجر البازلت (برتون 2: 74). حجر حبشَيِّ: حجر الأحباش (ابن البيطار 1: 285). شَبَج (المستعيني) انظر: حجر السبج.
حجر حديدي: هو خماهان (ابن البيطار 1: 289).
حجر الحاكوك: حجر الخفان، الكذان (بوشر).
حجر المحك: محك، مصداق، فتالة (بوشر).
حجر الحَمّام: نوع من الحجر يتولد في قدور الحمّام (ابن البيطار 291: 1) وحجر الخفان والكذان (ألكالا) - وضرب من المحك (الميشر يتخذ من الصلصال والخزف يحك به باطن قدم المغتسل. (انظر عادات 2: 50).
حجر الحوت: هو شيء يشبه الحجر الذي في رأس بعض الحوت (ابن البيطار1: 292) وفيه: هو شبيه بالحجر يوجد في رأس حوت.
حجر الحَيَّة: سربنتين (بوشر، ابن البيطار 1: 289) وعند منكوفيس (ص362): حجر أشهب أرقش مدوَّر أو على شكل القصب. ويسمى أكرو حية (أكر الحبة) أي حجر الحبة.
حجر حيواني: حجر يتكوَّن على ظهر سرطان البحر (المستعيني).
حجر خراسان: حجر طرابلسي، وهو حجر رقيق يستعمل للصقل (بوشر).
حجر خزفي: حجر الخزف (ابن البيطار: 1: 293).
حجر الدم: هيماتيت (بوشر) والمستعينيفي مادة حجر الشاذنج (في مخطوطة ن فقط) (ابن البيطار 1: 293)، (سنج). حجر الديك: تصلب حجري يوجد في جسم الديك. انظر ابن البيطار (1: 290).
حجر الراسُخت: اثمد، انتيمون (بوشر).
حجر رصاصي: حجر الرصاص (ابن البيطار 1: 289) ويقول سونثيمر الرصاصي خطأ منه. ولم تذكر هذه المادة في مخطوطة أب. الحجر الركابي: انظر مادة ركابي.
الحجر الأزرق: زمرد مصري أو زمرد ريحاني، حجر كريم (بوشر). حجر السبج: انظر سبج.
حجر السحر: حجارة لها شكل أعضاء جسم الإنسان يَّتخذها السحرة في أعمالهم السحرية (مارمول 1: 31 نقلاً عن ابن الجزار).
حجر السرطيط: مرمر (ابن البيطار 1: 293)، ففي مخطوطة أب: حجر السرطيط هو حجر المرمر. وكذلك مخطوطة س، وفي أ: شطريط، وفي ل: سطريط، وفي ن: شطوط، وعند الانطاكي: حجر الشريط.
حجر السفنجة: حجر الإسفنج (بوشر).
حجر الأساكِفَة: حجر كالسوريوس (ابن البيطار 1: 286).
حجر سُلَيْماني: حجر التوتيا (بوشر).
حجر السلوان: انظر ابن البيطار (1: 286).
الحجر السلوقي: ذكره ابن البيطار في (1: 290) وهو كذلك في مخطوطة دي، وفي مخطوطة ب: سلوفي، وفي مخطوطة أ: صوفي.
حجر مسنّ (ومَسَن): حجر تسن به أي تشحذ به السكاكين ونحوها (بوشر) صلصال رملي، حُث (حجر رملي) (بوشر).
حجر السُنُونُو: حجر يوجد في عش السنونو أحيانا ينفع من اليرقان (محيط المحيط). حجر سيلان: عقيق وهو حجر كريم أحمر (بوشر).
حجر الشبّ: الشبّ (بوشر). حجر شَجَرِيّ: مرجان، بُسَّذ، (ابن البيطار 1: 291) وأداة التعريف زائدة عند سونثيمر) (أبو الوليد ص345) وفيه: سمَّي كذلك لأنه شجر يحجر بعد إخراجه من الماء.
حجر شَفَّاف: حجر كذان، حجر خفَّان (ابن البيطار1: 293).
حجر مثشّقَّق: حجر نضدي، نضيد (ابن البيطار1: 284).
حجر الشُكُوك: حجر عثرة (بوشر).
حجر شَمْسِي: جوهرة براقة، حجر كريم (بوشر).
حجر الصاعِقَة: سرونياس (بوشر). الحجر الأصَمُّ: الصوّان، حجر الزناد (ابن البيطار 1: 291).
حجر صوان: غرانيت، صّان (بوشر).
حجر الطالقون: انظر طالقون.
حجر طاحون: حجر رحى (بوشر).
حجر طرابلس: حجر هش يستعمل للصقل (بوشر).
حجر الطور: حجر الدم (المستعيني انظر: حجر الشاذنج، ابن البيطار 1: 293).
حجر عثرة: وهن (بوشر).
حجر أعرابي: حجر عربي (ابن البيطار 1: 278).
حجر عِرَاقِيّ: انظر ابن البيطار (1: 290).
حجر عسلِيّ: حجر بلون العسل (ابن البيطار1: 284).
حجر العقاب: اكتمكت، حجر النسر (بوشر، ابن البيطار 1: 73،294).
حجر عين الشمس: نوع جيد من كافور الطلع المتكلس (بركهار سوريا ص394).
حجر غاغاطيس: حجر وادي جهنَّم، حجر غاغا (ابن البيطار 1: 288). وفي مخطوطتي المستعيني عاعاطيس بالعين. حجر الفتيلة: حرير صخري، تورزي (بوشر).
حجر الأقروح: انظر ابن البيطار (1: 292).
حجر فروعيوش: هو الحجر الذي يجلب من بلاد مورمنار (المستعيني).
حجر الفلاسفة: اكسير، الحجر الكريم (بوشر) حجر قبوري: انظره في مادة قبر.
حجر قُبْطِي: حجر مورشتْس (ابن البيطار 1: 284) - وضرب من الحج كبير جدا وصلب جدا (معجم الأسبانية ص113). حجر القمر: سلفات الكلسيوم، جبس، جص (بوشر، ابن البيطار 1: 285) ويقال له أيضا: الحجر القمري (ابن البيطار 1: 144).
الحجر الأكبر: حجر الفلاسفة (زيشر2: 502).
الحجر الكريم: حجر الفلاسفة (بوشر).
الحجر المكرَّم: حجر الفلاسفة (بوشر، زيشر 20: 502، المقدمة 3: 229).
حجر الكزك: انظر ابن البيطار (1: 289)، وفي مخطوطة أمنه يذكر أحيانا: الكرك، بالراء. وهذا يذكر دائما في مخطوطة ب. حجر الكَلْب: انظر ابن البيطار 1: 287).
حجر الكَوْكَب: حجر استرونيت (بوشر).
حجر الكَيّ: حجر جهنَّم (بوشر).
حجر اللَبَن: غالقتيت (بوشر) ويقال حجر لبني أيضاً (ابن البيطار 1: 284) حجر الماسكة: هو حجر البهت عند أهل مصر انظر حجر البهت (ابن البيطار 1: 294).
حجر المطر: انظر مونج (ص429).
حجر منفي: حجر منف (ابن البيطار 1: 289).
حجر المَهضا: بلّور (المعجم اللاتيني العربي) - ولازورد، ياقوت أزرق (المعجم اللاتيني العربي).
حجر النسر: حجر العقاب (بوشر، سنج، ابن البيطار 1: 73، 294).
حجر النشَّاب: حجر الفهد (بوشر).
حجر النار: حجر الزناد، الحجر الأصم (ابن البيطار 1: 291). حجر النور: حجر فسفوري (بوشر).
حجر النوم: انظر المستعيني ص54.
حجر الهرّ: حجر القط (همبرت ص172).
حجر الهشّ: حجر الخفان، حجر الكذان (بوشر).
حجر هِنْدِيّ: حجر نُسِبَ إلى الهند (ابن البيطار 1: 289).
حجر الولادة، اكتمت، حجر العقاب، حجر النسر (بوشر، سنج، ابن البيطار 1: 73).
حجر يماني: عقيق يمان، يشب - ياقوت زعفراني (بوشر).
حجر يهودي: حجر يهودا (بوشر، سنج المستعيني، ابن البيطار 1: 285).
ظفر حجر: حجر كريم وهو ضرب من اليشب الأسمر أو الأقتم (بوشر).
فحم حجر: الفحم الحجري المستخرج من الأرض (بوشر).
كحل حجر: اثمد: أنتيمون (بوشر).
حِجَارة البُحَيْرَة (وهذا هو صواب كتابتها): حجارة البحر الميت (انظر ابن البيطار 1: 286).
الحجارة المصرية: ذكرها ابن البيطار (1: 293) في مادة حجر بارقي فقال: هو حجر شكله شكل الحجارة المصرية. ولا ادري إذا ما كانت حجارة ضخمة التي تسمى مازاري أولارديلو مازاري في الأندلس (انظر معجم الأسبانية ص310، 311). حجارة الماس: قرط من أحجار الماس (بوشر).
حِجْرَة: حِجر، أنثى الخيل (انظر لين في مادة حجر)، والفظة مذكورة في مختارات كوزج ص80).
حُجْرَة الجامع: نجد عند كلرتاس (ص43) إن الخطيب يجلس في حجرة الجامع حيث ينتظر الوقت الذي يؤذن فيه المؤذنون معلنين وقت الصلاة فيصعد حينئذ على المنبر.
ونجد في موضع آخر ص35 ذكر حجرة الجامع، غير أنها في مخطوطتنا حُجَر بلفظ الجمع. وأخيرا نقرا في ص38 أن حجَر الجامع يمكن أن تحتوي على ألف وخمسمائة من المصلِّين. ولا أدري كيف أترجم هذه الكلمة.
وحُجرة: دار صغيرة. ففي عقد عربي- صقلي ورد ذكر حجرة وهي تتألف من بيت وسقيف وقاعة وبئر وغرفتين.
ويلاحظ أماري: ((إنها من غير شك كسجو من العقد اليوناني 1170، أبود مورسو، بالرمو انتيكو ص386 حيث يليه في النص ما معناه ((بيت صغير)).
وحجرة: ثكنة، دار العساكر (بوشر)، وفي بغداد ومصر كان قرب قصر الوزير مكان واسع كان يطلق عليه اسم الحُجَر حيث كان يسكن الغلمان الذين يخدمون الخلفاء ويطلق عليهم اسم ((الصبيان الحُجَرِية)) أو ((الغلمان الحجرية)) (ابن خلكان 8: 43) وانظر دي ساسي طرائف 1: 156 رقم 37) ويسمون عند ابن خلكان (صُبيان الحُجَر) وهو نفس المعنى السابق. وتقرأ فيه أن كل واحد منهم له فرس وسلاح وكان عليهم أن ينفذوا دون تردد ما يصدر إليهم من أوامر. وقد قارنهم ابن خلكان بفرسان الهيكل ورهبان الضيافة.
وحُجْرة: الطرف المرتفع من الإسطرلاب (دورن 19) في ألف استرون (2: 261): الحجرة الطرف المرتفع من الإسطرلاب الكبرى حَجَرَة: حَجَر (بوشر).
وحجرة: ملح النشادر (بارت 5: 26).
حجر البرق: حجر البرق، بارقين، وهو حجر كريم مزيَّن بصفائح من ذهب (بوشر).
حجرة للرسم: قلم رصاص (بوشر).
حجر القداحة: حجر الزناد (بوشر) حجرة القصبة: جوزة الغليون وهي طرف الغليون الذي يجعل فيه التبغ (بوشر) انظره في مادة حَجَر.
حِجَرَة وتجمع على أحْجار: رفرف الثوب. ذيل الثوب السابغ الذي يجر (ألكالا).
حَجَرِيّ: منسوب إلى الحجر، وأمعز، كثير الحجارة (بوشر). أسلوب حجري: أسلوب محاري (بوشر).
حُجَرِيّ: انظره في مادة حُجْرَة، والحُجْرية في معجم فريتاج خطأ.
حَجَرِيّة: خليط من الكلس والحصى والرمل يمد على سطوح المنازل ويدق فإذا يبس صار صلبا كالحجر (محيط المحيط).
حجار: منديل (رولاند).
حِجَاريّ: منسوب إلى الحجارة (معجم الادريسي) حجّار: قاطع الحجارة (بوشر، مملوك 1، 1: 140)، والذي يرمي الحجارة بالمنجنيق ونحوه من الآلات (مملوك 1، 1).
حاجر ويجمع على حواجر، ففي ابن البيطار (2: 32) فإن الورل بادي في البراري والحوار، وهذه الكلمة لها نفس المعنى الذي ذكره لين لكلمة حاجر.
وتعني كلمة حجر في البلاذري (ص 347) حسب ما يقوله الشارح: الطريق المبلط ما بين باب الجامع والمنبر. غير أن هذا المعنى مشكوك فيه كل الشك. والصواب حاجز كما جاء في مخطوطة أ (انظر: حاجز) حَنْجُورَة: حَنجرة، حلقوم (دومب 85).
تحجيرات (حمع): ذرور يستعمل لتسديد طرفي الجفن أعلاه وأسفله. ففي ابن البيطار (2: 110): وهذا إذا احرق يدخل في كثير من اكحال العين الجلية وفي كثير من شيافاتها وأدويتها وتحجيراتها.
مَحْجَر، ويجمع على مَحاجِر: المكان في الجبل تقطع منه الحجارة (بوشر) والأرض الكثيرة الحجارة (برتون 2: 70) والجمع محاجر ورد في طرائف دي ساسي 2: 5) مَحْجَرة ويجمع على محاجر: المكان الذي تكثر فيه الحجارة والحصى (ألكالا).
مُحَجَّر: مكان كثير الحجارة (ألكالا) رولاند، ابن جبير ص189) حيث أخطأ رايت حين غيَّر كتابة الكلمة التي وردت في المخطوطة، ابن العوام 1: 90، 97 حيث صواب الكلمة المحجرة، كما جاءت في مخطوطة ليدن، ص295، نفس الملاحظة).
ومُحَجَّر: جرذيّ، متحجر، صلب.
وورم مُحَجَّر: جَرَذ، سرطان صلد، ورم متحجر، ورم صلب لا ألم له (بوشر).
مُحَجَّر: بالقرب من (هلو). محجور يتيم قاصر (ألكالا) ويتيم (دومب ص77). ومؤنثة محجورة (هلو).

حجر

حَجَرَ, aor. ـُ (ISd, TA,) inf. n. حَجْرٌ (ISd, Mgh, K) and حُجْرٌ and حِجْرٌ and حُجْرَانٌ and حِجْرَانٌ, (ISd, K) He prevented, hindered, withheld, restrained, debarred, inhibited, forbade, prohibited, or interdicted, (ISd, Mgh, K,) عَلَيْهِ from him, or it: (ISd, TA:) [or عليه is here a mistranscription for عَنْهُ: for] you say, لَا حَجْرَ عَنْهُ, meaning There is no prevention, &c., from him, or it: (TA:) and حَجَرَ عَلَيْهِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. حَجْرٌ, (S, A, * Msb,) He (a Kádee, or judge, S, A) prohibited him (a young or a lightwitted person, TA) from using, or disposing of, his property according to his own free will: (S, A, Msb, TA:) or حَجَرَ عَلَيْهِ فِى مَالِهِ he (a Kádee) prevented, or prohibited, him from consuming, or wasting, or ruining, his property. (Mgh.) b2: See also 5: b3: and 8.2 حجّرهُ: see 5. b2: حجّر حَوْلَ أَرْضِهِ [He made a bound, or an enclosure, around his land]. (A. [Perhaps from what next follows; or the reverse may be the case.]) b3: حجّر عَيْنَ الَعِيرِ, (Msb,) inf. n. تَحْجِيرٌ, (S, L,) He burned a mark round the eye of the camel with a circular cauterizing instrument: (S, L, Msb:) and حجّر عَيْنَ الدَّابَّةِ, and حَوْلَهَا, [i. e. حَوْلَ عَيْنِهَا, like as is said in the A,] he burned a mark round the eye of the beast. (L.) A2: حَجَّرَ البَعِيرُ The camel had a mark burned round each of his eyes with a circular cauterizing instrument. (K. [Perhaps this may be a mistake for حُجِّرَ البَعِيرُ: or for حَجَّرَ البَعِيرَ, meaning he burned a mark round each of the eyes of the camel &c.: but see what follows.]) b2: حجّر القَمَرُ, (S, K,) inf. n. as above, (K,) The moon became surrounded by a thin line, which did not become thick: (S, K:) and (S [in the K “ or ”]) became surrounded by a halo in the clouds. (S K,) 5 تحجّر عَلَيْهِ He straitened him, (K, TA,) and made [a thing] unlawful to him, or not allowable. (TA.) And تحجّر مَا وَسَّعَهُ اللّٰهُ He made strait to himself what God made ample. (A.) And تَحَجَّرْتَ عَلَىَّ مَا وَسَّعَهُ اللّٰهُ Thou hast made strait and unlawful to me what God has made ample. (Mgh.) And تحّجر وَاسِعًا He made strait what was ample: (Msb:) or he made strait what God made ample, and made it to be peculiar to himself, exclusively of others; as also ↓ حَجَرَهُ and ↓ حجّرهُ. (TA.) A2: See also 8: A3: and 10. b2: [Hence, perhaps,] تحجّر لِلْبُرْءِ It (a wound) closed up, and consolidated, to heal. (TA from a trad.) 8 احتجر, (TA,) or احتجرحَجْرَةً, (S, Msb,) and ↓ استحجر and ↓ تحجّر, (K,) He made for himself a حُجْرَة [i. e. an enclosure for camels] (S, Msb, K.) b2: And hence, (Msb,) احتجر الأَرْضَ, (Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ حَجَرَهَا, (TA,) He placed a land-mark to the land, (Mgh, Msb, K,) to confine it, (Mgh, Msb,) and to prevent others from encroaching upon it. (Mgh, TA.) b3: احتجر بِهِ He sought protection by him, (A, * K,) as, for instance, by God, مِنَ اشَّيْطَانِ from the devil. (A.) A2: احتجر اللَّوْحَ He put the tablet in his حِجْر [or bosom]. (K.) 10 استحجر: see 8.

A2: Also It (clay) became stone: (TA:) or became hard; as when it is made into baked bricks: (Mgh:) or became hard like stone: (A, Msb;) as also ↓ تحجّر. (A.) b2: (assumed tropical:) He became emboldened or encouraged, or he emboldened or encouraged himself, (K TA,) عَلَيْهِ against him. (TA.) Q. Q. 1 حَنْجَرَهُ He slaughtered him by cutting his throat [in the part called the حنْجَرَة]. (K in art. حنجر.) حَجْرٌ: see حِجْرٌ, in three places.

A2: Also, and ↓ حِجْرٌ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K TA,) [the latter of which I have found to be the more common in the present day,] and ↓ حُجْرٌ, (K, [but this I have not found in any other lexicon, and the TA, by implication, disallows it,]) The حِضْن; (Mgh, Msb, K;) [i. e. the bosom; or breast; agreeably with explanations of حِضْن in the K: or] the part beneath the armpit, extending to the flank; (Mgh, Msb;) [agreeably with other explanations of حِضْن;] of a man or woman: (S A, Mgh, Msb, K:) pl. حُجُورٌ. (S, Msb.) Hence the saying, (Mgh,) فُلَانٌ فِى حَجْرِ فُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) Such a one is in the protection of such a one; (Az, T, Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ فى حَجْرَتِهِ. (TA.) And نَشَأَ ↓ فِى حِجْرِهِ and حَجْرِهِ (assumed tropical:) He grew up in his care and protection. (K.) b2: Also ↓ حِجْرٌ (T, K) and حَجْرٌ (T, TA) [The bosom as meaning] the fore part of the garment; or the part, thereof, between one's arms. (T, K.) b3: See also حَجْرَةٌ: b4: and مَحْجِرُ العَيْنِ.

A3: Also An extended gibbous tract of sand. (K.) حُجْرٌ: see حِجْرٌ, in three places:

A2: and حَجْرٌ: b2: and مَحْجِرُ العَيْنِ.

حِجْرٌ (S A, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ حُجْرٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ حَجْرٌ, (S, K,) of which the first is the most chaste, (S,) and ↓ مَحْجَرٌ (S, K) and ↓ حَاجُورٌ (K) [and ↓ مَحْجُورٌ], Forbidden, prohibited, unlawful, inviolable, or sacred. (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K.) Each of the first three forms occurs in different readings of the Kur vi. 139. (S.) You say, هٰذَا حِجْرٌ عَلَيْكَ This is forbidden, or unlawful, to thee. (A.) In the time of paganism, a man meeting another whom he feared, in a sacred month, used to say, ↓ حِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا, meaning It is rigorously forbidden to thee [to commit an act of hostility against me] in this month: and the latter, thereupon, would abstain from any aggression against him: and so, on the day of resurrection, the polytheists, when they see the punishment, will say to the angels, thinking that it will profit them: (Lth, S: *) but Az says that I' Ab and his companions explain these words [occurring in the Kur xxv. 24] otherwise, i. e., as said by the angels, and meaning, the joyful annunciation is forbidden to be made to you: and accord. to El-Hasan, the former word will be said by the sinners, and the latter is said by God, meaning it will be forbidden to them to be granted refuge or protection as they used to be in their former life in the world: but Az adds, it is more proper to regard the two words as composing one saying: (TA:) and the latter word is a corroborative of the former, like مَائِتٌ in the expression مَوْتٌ مَائِتٌ. (Bd.) The same words in the Kur xxv. 55 signify A strong mutual repugnance, or incongruity; as though each said what one says who seeks refuge or protection from another: or, as some say, a defined limit. (Bd.) A man says to another, “Dost thou so and so, O such a one?” and the latter replies حِجْرًا, or ↓ حُجْرًا, or ↓ حَجْرًا, meaning [I pray for] preservation, and acquitment, from this thing; a meaning reducible to that of prohibition, and of a thing that is prohibited. (Sb.) The Arabs say, on the occasion of a thing that they disapprove, لَهُ ↓ حُجْرًا, with damm, meaning, May it be averted. (S.) b2: Homeyd Ibn-Thowr says, فَهَمَمْتُ أَنْ أَغْشَى إِلَيْهَا مَحْجَرًا وَلَمِثْلُهَا يُغْشَى إِلَيْهِ المَحْجَرُ meaning, And I purposed doing to her a forbidden action: and verily the like of her is one to whom that which is forbidden is done. (S, K.) ↓ مَحْجَرٌ is also explained as signifying حُرْمَةٌ; [app. meaning a thing from which one is bound to refrain, from a motive of respect or reverence;] and to have this meaning in the verse above. (Az.) b3: Also, the first of these words, Any حَائِط [i. e. garden, or walled garden of palm-trees,] which one prohibits [to the public]. (S.) b4: and الحِجْرُ That [space] which is comprised by [the curved wall called] the حَطِيم, (S, A, Mgh, K,) which encompasses the Kaabeh on the north [or rather north-west] side; (S, A, K;) on the side of the spout: (Mgh:) or the حطيم [itself], which encompasses the Kaabeh on the side of the spout. (Msb.) [It is applied to both of these in the present day; but more commonly to the former.] b5: Also, حِجْرٌ, The anterior pudendum of a man and of a woman; and so ↓ حَجْرٌ: (K, TA:) the latter the more chaste. (TA.) b6: A mare; the female of the horse: (S, A, Msb, K:) and a mare kept for breeding; (A;) as though her womb were forbidden to all but generous horses: (T:) but in the latter sense the sing. is scarcely ever used; though its pl., the first of the following forms, (as well as the second, A,) is used to signify mares kept for breeding: (K:) ↓ حِجْرَةٌ, as a sing., is said by F and others to be a barbarism: it occurs in a trad.; but perhaps the ة is there added to assimilate it to بَغْلَةٌ, with which it is there coupled: (MF:) the pl. [of pauc.] is أَحْجَارٌ (Msb, K) and [of mult.] حُجُورٌ (A, Msb, K) and حُجُورَةٌ. (K.) A poet says, إِذَا خَرِسَ الفَحْلُ وَسْطَ الحُجُورِ وَصَاحَ الكِلَابُ وَعَقَّ الوَلَدْ When the stallion, seeing the army and the gleaming swords, is mute in the midst of the mares kept for breeding, and does not look towards them, and the dogs bark at their masters, because of the change of their appearances, and children behave undutifully to their mothers whom fear diverts from attending to them. (A.) b7: Relationship [that prohibits marriage]; nearness with respect to kindred. (Msb, K.) b8: Understanding, intelligence, intellect, mind, or reason: (S, A, Msb, K:) so in the Kur lxxxix. 4: (S, Bd:) thus called because it forbids that which it does not behoove one to do. (Bd.) One says, فِى ذٰلِكَ عِبْرَةٌ لِذِي حِجْرٍ In that is an admonition to him who possesses understanding, &c. (A.) A2: See also حَجُرٌ, in three places.

حَجَرٌ [A stone; explained in the K by صَخْرَةٌ; but this means “a rock,” or “a great mass of stone” or “of hard stone”]; (S, K, &c.;) so called because it resists, by reason of its hardness; (Mgh;) and ↓ أُحْجُرٌّ signifies the same: (Fr, K:) pl. (of pauc., of the former, S) أَحْجَارٌ (S, Mgh, K) and أَحْجُرٌ (K) and (of mult, S) حِجَارٌ and [more commonly] حِجَارَةٌ, (S, K,) which last is extr. [with respect to rule], (S,) or agreeable with a usage of the Arabs, which is, to add ة to any pl. of the measure فِعَالٌ or of that of فُعُولٌ, as in the instances of ذِكَارَةٌ and فِحَالَةٌ and ذُكُورَةٌ and فُحُولَةٌ. (AHeyth.) And (metonymically, TA) (tropical:) Sand: (IAar, K;) pl. أَحْجَارٌ. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] أَهْلُ الحَجَرِ The people of the desert, who dwell in stony and sandy places: occurring in a trad., coupled with أَهْلُ المَدَرِ. (TA.) b3: الحَجَرُ الأَسْوَدُ, and simply الحَجَرُ, The [Black] Stone of the Kaabeh. (K, TA.) El-Farezdak applies to it, in one instance, the pl. الأَحْجَارُ, considering the sing. as applicable to every part of it. (TA.) b4: One says, فُلَانٌ حَجَرُ الأَرْضِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) Such a one is unequalled. (TA.) and رُمِىَ فُلَانٌ بِحَجَرِ الأَرْضِ (tropical:) Such a one has had a very sagacious and crafty and politic man made to be an assailant against him. (K, * TA.) El-Ahnaf Ibn-Keys said to 'Alee, when Mo'á-wiyeh named 'Amr Ibn-El-'Ás as one of the two umpires, قَدْ رُمِيتَ بِحَجَرِ الأَرْضِ فَاجْعَلْ مَعَهُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَعْقِدُ عُقْدَةً إِلَّا حَلَّهَا (assumed tropical:) Thou hast had a most exceedingly sagacious and crafty and politic man made to be an assailant against thee: so appoint thou with him Ibn-'Abbás; for he will not tie a knot but he shall untie it: meaning one that shall stand firm like a stone upon the ground. (L from a trad.) One says also, رُمىَ فُلَانٌ بِحَجَرِهِ, meaning (tropical:) Such a one was coupled [or opposed] with his like: (A:) [as though he had a stone suited to the purpose of knocking him down cast at him.] b5: لِلْعَاهِرِ الحَجَرُ, occurring in a trad., means (assumed tropical:) For the fornicator, or adulterer, disappointment, and prohibition: accord. to some, it is meant to allude to stoning; [and it may have had this meaning in the first instance in which it was used;] but [in general] this is not the case; for every fornicator is not to be stoned. (IAth, TA.) [See also art. عهر.] b6: الحَجَرُ Gold: and silver. (K.) Both together are called الحَجَرَانِ. (S.) حَجِرٌ [Stony; abounding with stones]. Yousay أَرْضٌ حَجِرَةٌ [so in several copies of the K; in the CK حَجْرَةٌ;] Land abounding with stones; as also ↓ حَجِيرَةٌ and ↓ مُتَحَجِّرَةٌ. (K.) حُجُرٌ The flesh surrounding the nail. (K.) حَجْرَةٌ A severe year, that confines men to their tents, or houses, so that they slaughter their generous camels to eat them. (L in art. نبت, on a verse of Zuheyr.) A2: A side; an adjacent tract or quarter; (ISd, K;) as also ↓ حَجْرَةٌ: (EM p. 281:) pl. of the former ↓ حَجْرٌ, [or rather this is a coll. gen. n., of which the former is the n. un.,] and حَجَرَاتٌ (S, K) and ↓ حَوَاجِرُ: (K:) the last is mentioned by ISd as being thought by him to be a pl. of حَجْرَةٌ in the sense above explained, contr. to analogy. (TA.) Hence, حَجْرَةٌ قَوْمٍ The tract or quarter adjacent to the abode of a people. (S.) And حَجْرَتَا الطَّرِيقِ The two sides of the road. (TA.) And حَجْرَتَا عَسْكَرٍ The two sides of an army; (A, TA;) its right and left wings. (TA.) And قَعَدَ حَجْرَةً He sat aside. (A.) And سَارَ حَجْرَةً He journeyed aside, by himself. (TA.) And ↓ مَحْجَرًا is also said to signify the same, in the following ex.: تَرْعَى مَحْجَرًا وَتَبْرُكُ وَسَطًا She (the camel) pastures aside, and lies down in the middle. (TA.) It is said in a prov., يَرْبِضُ حَجْرَةً وَيَرْتَعِى وَسَطًا He lies down aside, and pastures in the middle: (S:) or فُلَانٌ يَرْعَى وَسَطًا وَيَرْبِضُ حَجْرَةً Such a one pastures in the middle, and lies down aside: (TA:) applied to a man who is in the midst of a people when they are in prosperity, and when they become in an evil state leaves them, and lies down apart: the prov. is ascribed to Gheylán Ibn-Mudar. (IB.) Imra-el--Keys says, [addressing Khálid, in whose neighbourhood he had alighted and sojourned, and who had demanded of him some horses and riding-camels to pursue and overtake a party that had carried off some camels belonging to him (Imra-el-Keys), on Khálid's having gone away, and returned without anything,] فَدَعْ عَنْكَ نَهْبًا صِيحَ حَجَرَاتِهِ وَلٰكِنْ حَدِيثًا مَا حَديثُ الرَّوَاحِلِ [Then let thou alone spoil by the sides of which a shouting was raised: but relate to me a story. What is the story of the riding-camels?]: hence the prove., الحُكْمُ لِلّهِ وَدَعْ عَنْكَ نَهْبًا صِيحَ فِى حَجَرَاتِهِ [Dominion belongeth to God: then let thou alone &c.]; said with reference to him who has lost part of his property and after that lost what is of greater value. (TA.) [And hence the saying,] قَدِ انْتَشَرَتْ حَجْرَتُهُ (assumed tropical:) His property has become large, or ample. (S.) b2: See also حَجْرٌ.

حُجْرَةٌ An enclosure (حَظِيرَةٌ) for camels. (S, K.) b2: [And hence,] The حُجْرَة of a house; (S;) [i. e.] a chamber [in an absolute sense, and so in the present day]; syn. بَيْتٌ: (Msb:) or an upper chamber; syn. غُرْفَةٌ: (K:) pl. حُجَرٌ and حُجُرَاتٌ (S, Msb, K) and حُجَرَاتٌ and حُجْرَاتٌ. (Z, Msb, K.) b3: See also حَجْرَةٌ.

حِجْرَةٌ: see حِجْرٌ.

حُجْرِىٌّ and حِجْرِىٌّ A right, or due; a thing, or quality, to be regarded as sacred, or inviolable; (K;) a peculiar attribute. (TA.) أَرْضٌ حَجِيرَةٌ: see حَجِرٌ.

حَاجِرٌ The part of the brink (شَفَة) of a valley that retains the water, (S, K,) and surrounds it; (ISd;) as also ↓ حَاجُورٌ: pl. of the former حُجْرَانٌ. (S, K.) High land or ground, the middle of which is low, or depressed; (K;) as also ↓ مَحْجِرٌ: (TA:) and ↓ مَحَاجِرُ [pl. of the latter] low places in the ground, retaining water. (A.) A fertile piece of land, abounding with herbage, low, or depressed, and having elevated borders, upon which the water is retained. (AHn.) A place where water flows, or where herbs grow, surrounded by high ground, or by an elevated river. (T, TA.) A place where trees of the kind called رِمْث grow; where they are collected together; and a place which they surround: (M, K:) pl. as above. (K.) b2: A wall that retains water between houses: so called because encompassing. (TA.) حَاجُورٌ: see حِجْرٌ: b2: and حَاجِرٌ. b3: Also A refuge; a means of protection or defence: analogous with عَاثُورٌ, which signifies “a place of perdition:” whence, وَقَالَ قَائِلُهُمْ إِنَّى بِحَاجُورِ And their sayer said, Verily I lay hold on that which will protect me from thee and repel thee from me; مُتَمَسِّكٌ being understood. (TA.) حَوَاجِرُ: see حَجْرَةٌ.

حَنْجَرَةٌ and ↓ حُنْجُورٌ, (S, K,) each with an augmentative ن, (S, Msb,) [The head of the windpipe; consisting of a part, or the whole, of the larynx: but variously explained; as follows:] the windpipe; syn. حُلْقُومٌ: (S, K:) or the former [has this meaning, i. e.], the passage of the breath: (Mgh, Msb:) or the extremity of the حلقوم, at the entrance of the passage of the food and drink: (Bd in xxxiii. 10:) or [the head of the larynx, composed of the two arytenoides;] two of the successively-superimposed cartilages of the حلقوم (طَبَقَانِ مِنْ أَطْبَاقِ الحُلْقُومِ), next the غَلْصَمَة [or epiglottis], where it is pointed: or the inside, or cavity, of the حلقوم: and so ↓ حُنْجُورٌ: (TA in art. حنجر:) or ↓ the latter is syn. with حَلْقٌ [q. v.]: (Msb:) pl. حَنَاجِرُ. (K.) حُنْجُورٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in three places. b2: Also A small سَفَط [or receptacle for perfumes and the like]. (K.) b3: And A glass flask or bottle (قَارُورَة), (K, TA,) of a small size, (TA,) for ذَرِيرةَ [q. v.]. (K, TA.) أُحْجُرٌّ: see حَجَرٌ.

مَحْجِرٌ: see حِجْرٌ, in four places. b2: Also, (S,) or ↓ مَحْجِرٌ and ↓ مِحْجَرٌ, (K,) The tract surrounding a town or village: (S, K:) [pl. مَحَاجِرُ.] Hence the مَحَاجِر of the kings (أَقْيَال) of ElYemen, which were Places of pasturage, whereof each of them had one, in which no other person pastured his beasts: (S, K:) the محجر of a قَيْل of El-Yemen was his tract of land into which no other person than himself entered. (T.) b3: See also حَجْرَةٌ. b4: And see مَحْجرُ العَيْنِ.

مَحْجِرٌ (S, K) and ↓ مِحْجَرٌ (K) A garden surrounded by a wall; or a garden of trees; syn. حَدِيقَةٌ: (S, K:) or a low, or depressed, place of pasture: (T, TA:) or a place in which is much pasture, with water: (A, * TA:) pl. مَحَاجِرُ. (S, A.) See also حَاجِرٌ for the former word and its pl.: and see مَحْجَرٌ. b2: مَحْجِرُ العَيْنِ (S, K, &c.) and ↓ مَحْجَرُهَا (TA) and ↓ مِحْحَرُها (K) and simply المحجر (Msb, TA) and ↓ الحَجْرُ (K) and ↓ الحُجْرُ, which occurs in a verse of El-Akhtal, (IAar,) [The part which is next below, or around, the eye, and which appears when the rest of the face is veiled by the نِقَاب or the بُرْقُع:] that part [of the face, next below the eye,] which appears from out of the [kind of veil called] نِقَاب (T, S, A, Msb, K) of a woman (A, Msb, K) and of a man, from the lower eyelid; and sometimes from the upper: (Msb:) or the part that surrounds the eye (Msb, K) on all sides, (Msb,) and appears from out of the [kind of veil called] بُرْقُع: (Msb, K:) or the part of the bone beneath the eyelid, which encompasses the eye: (TA:) and محجر العين means also what appears from beneath the turban of a man when he has put it on: (K: [accord. to the TA, the turban itself; but this is a meaning evidently derived from a mistranscription in a copy of the K, namely, عِمَامَتُهُ for عِمَامَتِهِ:]) also محجرُالوَجْهِ that part of the face against which the نقاب lies: and المحجر the eye [itself]: (T, TA:) the pl. of محجر is مَحَاجِرُ. (A, Msb.) مِحْجَرٌ: see مَحْجَرٌ: b2: and see also مَحْجِرٌ, in two places.

مَحْجُورٌ عَلَيْهِ, for which the doctors of practical law say مَحْجُورٌ only, omitting the preposition and the pronoun governed by it, on account of the frequent usage of the term, A person prohibited [by a kádee] from using, or disposing of, his property according to his own free will: (Msb:) or prohibited from consuming, or wasting, or ruining, his property. (Mgh.) b2: See also حِجْرٌ, in two places.

أَرْضٌ مُتَحَجِّرَةٌ: see حَجِرٌ.

حقر

1 حَقُرَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. حَقَارَةٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and حَقْرٌ; (TA;) and حَقَرَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. حَقْرٌ and حُقْرِيَّةٌ; (K, TA;) He, or it, was, or became, contemptible, despicable, mean, paltry, abject, ignominious, base, or vile, (S, A, Msb, K,) and held of no weight or worth. (Msb.) And حَقُرَ فِى عَيْنِى, (TA,) or حُقِرَ, (so in a copy of the A,) and ↓ تحاقر, (K,) He, or it, was, or became, contemptible, despicable, mean, paltry, &c., in my eye. (K, * TA.) And إِلَيْهِ نَفْسُهُ ↓ تَحَاقَرَتْ He (lit. his spirit, or soul, or his own self,) became contemptible, &c., in his own estimation. (S, TA.) You say also, حَقْرًا لَهُ وَعَقْرًا [May he be contemptible, or despicable, and beget no children]: (A, TA:) a form of imprecation. (TA.) and حَقْرٌ نَقْرٌ [in which the latter word is an imitative sequent, or a corroborative: see حَقِيرٌ]. (TA.) And حَقِرْتَ وَنَقِرْتَ Thou hast become very contemptible, despicable, mean, paltry, &c.; syn. صِرْتَ حَقِيرًا نَقِيرًا. (K.) A2: حَقَرَهُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (Msb, K,) inf. n. حَقْرٌ; (K, TA;) and ↓ حقّرهُ, (A,) inf. n. تَحْقِيرٌ; (K;) and ↓ احتقراهُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ استحقرهُ; (S, A, K;) He contemned, or despised, him, or it; held him, or it, to be contemptible, despicable, mean, paltry, abject, ignominious, base, or vile, (S, A, Msb, K, TA,) and of no weight or worth. (Msb.) [Hence,] مَنْ حُقِرَ حُرِمَ [He who is contemned, or despised, is prohibited, or debarred, from what is good]: a prov. (A.) 2 حقّرهُ, inf. n. تَحْقِيرٌ: see 1. b2: Also He, or it, made him to be contemned or despised, contemptible or despicable, mean, paltry, abject, ignominious, base, or vile. (TA.) b3: Also, (A, K,) inf. n. as above, (S, A, K,) said of a noun, (A,) and of speech, (K,) i. q. صَغَّرَهُ [He made it (namely, a noun,) diminutive in form: and he used the diminutive form in it; namely, speech].6 تَحَاْقَرَ see 1, in two places.8 إِحْتَقَرَ see 1.10 إِسْتَحْقَرَ see 1.

حَقْرٌ: see حَقَارَةٌ.

حُقْرَةٌ, a simple subst., Contempt. (Msb.) حُقْرِيَةٌ: see حَقَارَةٌ.

حَقِيرٌ Contemned or despised, contemptible or despicable, mean, paltry, abject, ignominious, base, or vile, (S, A, Msb,) and held of no weight or worth; (Msb;) as also ↓ حَيْقَرٌ and ↓ حَيْقُرٌ: (K, TA:) or these two signify weak: or of mean, or ignoble, origin. (K.) You say also حَقِيرٌ نَقِيرٌ, (A,) using the latter word as an imitative sequent, (S and K in art. نقر,) or as a corroborative. (TA.) حَقَارَةٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ حَقْرٌ and ↓ حُقْرِيَّةٌ, (K,) all of which are inf. ns., (TA,) and ↓ حُقَارَةٌ and ↓ حِقَارَةٌ (K) and ↓ مَحْقَرَةٌ, (S, K,) Contemptibleness, despicableness, meanness, paltriness, abjectness, ignominiousness, baseness, or vileness: (S, A, Msb, K:) [or the last rather signifies a cause of contemptibleness &c.; being similar to مَجْبَنَةٌ and مَبْخَلَةٌ &c.:] you say, ↓ هٰذَا الأَمْرُ مَحْقَرَةٌ بِكَ i. e. حَقَارَةٌ [or rather This thing is a cause of contemptibleness &c. to thee]. (S.) حُقَارَةٌ: see حَقَارَةٌ.

حِقَارَةٌ: see حَقَارَةٌ.

حَاقِرٌ act. part. n. of حَقَرَهُ, Contemning, despising, &c. (A.) You say, هُوَ حَاقِرٌ نَاقِرٌ [using the last word as an imitative sequent, or a corroborative: see حَقِيرٌ]. (A.) حَيْقَرٌ: see حَقِيرٌ.

حَيْقَرٌ: see حَقِيرٌ.

الحَاقُورَةٌ The Fourth Heaven. (K.) مَحْقَرَةٌ: see حَقَارَةٌ, in two places.

مُحَقَّرَاتٌ Small sins; syn. صَغَائِرُ: (S, K:) but this is an application proper to the law; for the [pagan] Arabs knew not صَغَائِرِ nor كَبَائِر: or, accord. to the writers on strange words, it signifies actions which a man contemns, or despises, or holds in light estimation, even if great sins. (MF.)

ذوب

1 ذَابَ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـُ (T, S, Msb,) inf. n. ذَوْبٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ذَوَبَانٌ, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) It melted, dissolved, or became fluid or liquid; contr. of جَمَدَ: (S, M, A, K:) it flowed. (T, Msb.) b2: [Hence,] ذاب دَمْعُهُ (tropical:) [His tears flowed]. (A.) And ذَابَتْ حَدَقَتُهُ (tropical:) [His eye] shed tears; (A;) or flowed [with tears]. (T.) b3: ذاب جِسْمُهُ (tropical:) His body became lean, or emaciated: one says, ثَابَ بَعْدَمَا ذَابَ (tropical:) [He became fat after he had been lean]. (A.) b4: And ذَابَ [alone] (assumed tropical:) He became foolish, or stupid, after having been intelligent. (T, K.) b5: نَحْنُ لَا نَجْمُدُ فِى الحَقِّ وَلَا نَذُوبُ فِى البَاطِلِ (tropical:) [We will not be hard, or niggardly, in the case of truth, or right, nor will we be soft, or easily yielding, in the case of falsity, or wrong]. (A.) b6: هٰذَا الكَلَامُ فِيهِ ذَوْبُ الرُّوحِ (tropical:) [This speech, or discourse, contains that which melts the soul]. (A.) b7: ذَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ [and ↓ استذابت (as is shown by a phrase mentioned in the L in art. صخد)] (tropical:) The sun became intensely hot. (S, A, K.) b8: أَذُوبُ اللَّيَالِى أَوْيُجِيبُ صَدَاكُمَا occurring in a trad. of Kuss, means (assumed tropical:) I will wait in expectation during the lapse of the nights [or the echo of you two shall answer]; from الإِذَابَةُ, which signifies “ spoil, booty, or plunder. ” (TA.) b9: مَا ذَابَ فِى يَدِى شَىْءٌ (assumed tropical:) There remained not in my hand anything. (AHeyth, TA.) and مَا ذَابَ فِى يَدَيْهِ مِنْهُ خَيْرٌ, (M,) or فِى يَدِى, (K,) (assumed tropical:) There came not [into his hands, or into my hands, from him, or it, any good]. (M, K.) b10: ذاب عَلَيْهِ المَالُ (assumed tropical:) The property became, or proved to be, binding, obligatory, or incumbent, on him to render as a debt. (T.) And ذاب لِى عَلَيْهِ حَقٌّ (tropical:) A right, or due, was, or became, incumbent, or obligatory, on him to render to me, and established against him. (S, A, Mgh, K. *) and ذاب عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الأَمْرِ كَذَا, inf. n. ذَوْبٌ, (assumed tropical:) Such a part of the thing, or affair, was, or became, incumbent, or obligatory, on him; like جَمَدَ and بَرَدَ. (M.) A2: ذاب also signifies He continued in the eating of ذَوْب i. e. honey. (T, L, K. *) 2 ذوّبهُ: see 4.

A2: Also, inf. n. تَذْوِيبٌ, He made [or disposed] for him a ذُوَابَة [or ذُؤَابَة]: irreg.; being originally with ء [i. e. ذَأَّبَهُ]. (T, K.) It is said in a trad. of Ibn-El-Hanafeeyeh, كَانَ يُذَوِّبُ أُمَّهُ, meaning He used to plait the ذوابة of his mother. (TA.) 4 اذابهُ and ↓ ذوّبهُ He melted it, dissolved it, rendered it fluid or liquid, liquified it; (S, M, A, K;) or made it to flow. (Msb.) It is said in a prov., (S, TA,) respecting butter, (S,) مَا يَدْرِى

أَيُخْثِرُ أَمْ يُذِيبُ [expl. in art. خثر]. (S, M, TA.) [See also a verse of Bishr cited below in this paragraph.] b2: [Hence,] the former [as meaning (tropical:) It dissolved him, or emaciated him,] is said of anxiety, (A, TA,) and grief. (TA.) b3: [Hence also,] اذاب حَاجَتَهُ, and ↓ استذابها, (tropical:) He matured, and fully accomplished, the object of his want. (A, TA.) And اذابوا أَمْرَهُمْ (assumed tropical:) They put their affair into a good, sound, or right, state. (K.) b4: اذابوا عَلَيْنَا, (S, M,) or عَلَيْهِمْ, (A, K,) inf. n. إِذَابَةٌ, (S,) (tropical:) They made an inroad or incursion, or a sudden attack, urging their horses, upon us, or upon them, (S, M, A, K,) and took spoil [from us, or them, or made, or left, our property, or theirs, to be taken as spoil]. (A.) Hence the saying of Bishr (S) Ibn-Abee-Kházim, (TA,) فَكَانُو كَذَاتِ القِدْرِ لَمْ تَدْرِ إِذْ غَلَتْ

أَتَتْرُكُهَا مَذْمُومَةً أَمْ تُذِيبُهَا (S,) or وَكُنْتُمْ, (M, TA,) and أَتْنْزِلُهَا, (so in some copies of the S and M,) meaning (assumed tropical:) [And they were, or and ye were, like her having the cookingpot, not knowing, when it boiled, whether she should leave it, or put it down from the fire, disapproved, or] whether she should let it be taken as spoil: (S, TA:) so accord. to Az: (S:) or the meaning is, [whether she should put it down from the fire,] or make it to remain; i. e. تُثْبِتُهَا, (S, TA,) or تُبْقِيهَا; (AHeyth, TA;) from ذَابَ لِى عَلَيْهِ حَقٌّ, expl. above, (S, TA,) or from مَا ذَابَ فِى يَدِى شَىْءٌ, also expl. above: (A Heyth, TA:) or, accord. to As, the meaning is, or whether she should melt it; from the prov. mentioned above in this paragraph: (S, TA:) i. e., whether she should leave it in a thick state, [disapproved,] or should melt it; fearing that the butter [in the cooking-pot] would spoil. (TA.) [In the TT, for مَذْمُومَةً, I find مَدْمُومَةً, which, applied to a cooking-pot, means smeared, or done over, with spleen, &c. See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 626 et seq.]10 اِسْتَذَبْتُهُ signifies طَلَبْتُ مِنْهُ الذَّوْبَ [which may be rendered I asked, or desired, of him honey, &c.]: (K:) [but accord. to ISd,] it signifies, agreeably with other verbs of this form, I asked, or desired, of him that he would melt or dissolve [butter &c.]. (M.) b2: [Hence, perhaps,] استذابت الشَّمْسُ: see 1. b3: استذاب حَاجَتَهُ: see 4. b4: استذاب ذَوْبَةً (assumed tropical:) He preserved a residue of his wealth, or property. (TA.) ذَابٌ A vice, fault, defect, or the like; (K;) like [ذَيْبٌ and] ذَامٌ and ذَيْمٌ. (TA.) ذَوْبٌ [What is fluid, or liquid, of water &c.; contr. of جَمْدٌ: see جَامِدٌ: and see also ذَائِبٌ. b2: ] Honey, (T, M, K,) in a general sense: (M:) or honey cleared from its wax: (T, M, K:) or honey in the bees' cells: (S, M, K:) and melted, or liquefied, honey: (M:) or melted, or liquefied, honey, cleared from its wax: so in the saying, ↓ هُوَ أَحْلَىمِنَ الذَّوْبِ بِالإِذْوَابَةِ (tropical:) [He, or it, is sweeter than honey melted and cleared of its wax, with fresh butter melted in a cooking-pot to clarify it]. (A.) b3: Gum flowing upon the ground. (TA voce مِغْفَرٌ.) b4: ذَوْبُ الذَّهَبِ Watergold: or, accord. to Er-Rázee, fluid, or liquid, gold; the inf. n. ذَوْب being used in this instance in the sense of ذَائِب. (Har p. 448.) A2: (assumed tropical:) Foolishness, or stupidity. (TA.) [But see the next paragraph.]

ذَوْبَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A residue of wealth, or property: so in the saying أَسْلَمَ عَلَى ذَوْبَةٍ (assumed tropical:) He became a Muslim on the condition of his preserving a residue of his wealth, or property. (TA from a trad.) A2: (assumed tropical:) Manifest foolishness or stupidity: so in the phrase فِى فُلَانٍ ذَوْبَةٌ (assumed tropical:) In such a one is manifest foolishness or stupidity. (TA in art. شوب.) Yousay also, ظَهَرَتْ فِيهِ ذَوْبَةٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) Foolishness, or stupidity, appeared in him. (T.) ذُوبَانٌ and ذِيبَانٌ [like ذِئْبَانٌ] The remains of the [fur, or soft hair, called] وَبَر [after the greater part has fallen off or been shorn]: or the hair (الشَّعَرُ [for which الشّعرِ is erroneously put in the CK]) on the neck (M, K) and lip (M) of the camel (M, K) or horse. (K.) A2: Also the former, Paupers and thieves; for ذُؤَبَانٌ [a pl. of ذِئْبٌ, q. v.], the ء being changed into و. (TA.) ذَؤُوبٌ [originally ذَوُوبٌ] A fat she-camel: (A, K:) because what is melted (مَا يُذَابُ) is collected from her. (A, TA.) ذُوَابَةٌ for ذُؤَابَةٌ [expl. in art. ذأب]: pl. ذَوَائِبُ. (T, K.) هَاجِرَةٌ ذَوَّابَةٌ (tropical:) A midday, or summer-midday, intensely hot. (T, A, TA.) ذَائِبٌ part. n. of 1, [Melting or dissolving, fluid or liquid; or] flowing; contr. of جَامِدٌ. (Msb.) b2: لَهُ دُمُوعٌ ذَوَائِبُ (tropical:) [He has flowing tears]. (A, TA.) b3: ذَائِبُ المَالِ, as opposed to جَامِد [q. v.], (tropical:) Such property as consists in what is fluid, or liquid: (L in art. جمد:) or such as consists in live stock: (L and K in that art.:) or such as consists in trees. (L in that art.) b4: ذَائِبُ النَّفْسِ (tropical:) Heavy, slow, indolent, or dull, of soul; syn. ثَقِيلٌ. (A.) إِذَابَةٌ Spoil; booty; plunder: [in this sense] a subst. [in the proper meaning of the term]; not an inf. n. (M, TA.) إِذْوَابٌ and إِذْوَابَةٌ, [the latter, only, mentioned in the A, app. as being the more common,] Fresh butter when it is put into the cooking-pot to be cooked so as to become سَمْن [i. e. clarified butter]: (Az in explanation of the latter word, T, S:) or fresh butter which is melted in the cooking-pot to make سَمْن: this name continues to be applied to it until it is put into the skin. (M, K.) See ذَوْبٌ.

مُذَابٌ and ↓ مُذَوَّبٌ Melted, or dissolved, fat [&c.]. (A.) مِذْوَبٌ A vessel in which a thing is melted, or dissolved. (M, K.) مِذْوَبَةٌ A ladle. (Lh, M, K.) مُذَوَّبٌ: see مُذَابٌ.

حسن: حَسُنَ: تحسن وتدرج وتقدم إلى العافية والكمال (ألكالا).
ويَحسُن به ذلك: يجمل به ذلك، يليق به.
ويحسن به ان: يجمل به ويليق به (دي يونج).
ويحسن: يستطيع، فيقال: ما أحسن أمشي أي لا أستطيع أن امشي (بوشر).
ويستعمل الفعل أحسن في الفصحى بهذا المعنى.
حسَّن النبيذ: جَوَدَّه مع الأيام (معجم مسلم).
وحسّن: بمعنى قبل واستحسن (لين في مادة استحسن، معجم البلاذري) وفي معجم بوشر المصدر استحسان بمعنى الموافقة والإقرار والرضا والتهليل.
ويقال: حسن له وعليه. ففي كتاب محمد بن الحارث (ص238) قلت لي: ((إن العزوبة تؤذيني في صحتي ولذلك سأشتري أمة شابة)) فحسَّنت ذلك لك.
ولدى ابن بدرون (182) فإن الله يحسِّن عليك ذِكْرَك، فذكراها أمري (وقد قلت وقد أخطأت في ذلك إنه الفعل يُحسِن مضارع أحسن).
وحَسَّن: حلق، زين (دومب ص120) وهو يذكر مُحَسِّن اسم الفاعل بمعنى محلوق، مزيَّن غير أن الصواب أن يذكر مُحسَّن اسم المفعول.
وحسَّن: أصلح، أصبح أحسن (بوشر).
أحسن: أقتدر استطاع، أتقن (لين) وهي مثل ( Savoir) بالفرنسية تعني القدرة والاستطاعة والمهارة في عمل شيء. ففي كليلة ودمنة (ص276) لا أحْسِن الرقا أي لا أعرف السحر: وفي كوسج (مختار ص56): أتحسِن مثل هذا. فقلت أُحْسن خيراً منه أي أتجيد صنع مثل هذا فقلت أجيد صنع خير منه (معجم مسلم).
أحسن أمل فلان: حقق أمَل فلان (تاريخ البربر 1: 530) تحسَّن: ازداد، توافر، تكثر (مملوك 2، 2: 134).
وتحسّن به: تباهى به: وتمدح به (الكامل ص118).
وتحسَّنت المرأة: تكلفت الحسن تصنعاً (محيط المحيط).
استحسن. استحسنه وجده حسناً. (بوشر) وفيه: استحسن شيئاً وكذلك استحسن عنده شيء.
واستحسن معنى الكلام: استملحه وجده حسنا مليحا (بوشر). حُسن. حُسن ساعة: نبات له زهر أصفر وأحمر. سمي بذلك لأنه يتفتح قبل غروب الشمس بساعة ويذبل بعد طلوعها (محيط المحيط) وربما كان ما يسمى نوار الليل.
حُسْن يوسف: هناء، خضاب (بوشر).
حَسَن. قبل قبولاً حسناً: استحسنه، استحبه، رضي به، تقبله (بوشر).
والحسَن (من الحديث) المحتمل وهو حديث فيه شيء من النقص يمكن إصلاحه بالرجوع إلى روايات أخرى (دي سلان، المقدمة 2: 484).
حسناً: بلطف، بلطافة، بلذة، بسرور، (بوشر).
اقرض حسنا (تاريخ البربر 2: 289): مختصر الآية: اقرض الله قرضاً حسناً. أي أقرض الله قرضا كريما.
حَسَنَة: صدقة. ويقال: حسنه لله (بوشر).
قرض حسنة: قرض من غير ربا (بوشر).
وحسنة: تستعمل بالمعنى المجازي استعمال ( Ornement) بالفرنسية تقريبا، فيقال مثلا في الكلام عن أمير: هو حسنة الأيام أي زينتها (المقري 2: 699) كما يقال: جمال الأيام (المقري 2: 700) وهو من حسنات بني مروان أي من زينة بني مروان (المقري 2: 399).
حَسَنِيِّ: قطعة من النقود الذهبية، وتسمى بالأسبانية ( Dobla hacen) ( ألكالا) ولا ريب أن هذه النقود قد سميت بذلك نسبة إلى الأمير الذي أمر بضربها. حَسَنِيَّة: ضرب من التمر (براكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر 5: 212).
حُسَيْن: ويجمع على حسينات اسم الوتر الثاني من أوتار العود (المزهر، البربط) السبعة (انظر ألكالا في مادة Cuerda) .
وهو أيضاً الوتر الأول من الأرغول (ألكالا).
الحسين: لحن موسيقي (سلفادور ص33).
ويسمى أيضا: الحُسْين صبا (ص54) وعند هوست (ص258) حَسِين صافي وهذا الأخير يسمى أيضا: حَسِين عَجَم، (هوست ص258).
حُسَيْنِيِّ: الصوت (اللحن) السادس في الموسيقى (صفة مصر 14: 16) وفي محيط المحيط: لحن من ألحان الموسيقى متفرع من الدوكاه على الأصح لا أصل برأسه. وحسيني: ضرب من الطير (ياقوت 1: 885).
أَحْسَنُ (اسم تفضيل): افضل، خير، يقال: يعرفه أحسن منك، أي يعرفه خير منك، يقال: المريض كل يوم يصير أحسن أي أن المريض تتحسن حالته يوما بعد يوم.
وأحسن وأحسن: أفضل كثيراً (بوشر).
إحسان: هدية، هبة، منحة (ألف ليلة 2: 49) تحسين: تبرج، تزين (هلو).
تَحَاسُن: في معجم فوك بمعنى خطر التأني، غير أن هذا خطأ انظر مادة تحسين في معجم لين ومؤلف معجم فوك يريد بها تحاسين جمع تحسين.
مُحْسِنة: مغنية (معجم مسلم) محَاسِن: خطوط جميلة في الكتاب (بوشر) ومَحاسِن: أشياء جميلة ولذيذة (معجم الادريسي).
ومحاسن: بناية جميلة (المقري 2: 714).

حسن

1 حَسُنَ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) which may also be written and pronounced حَسْنَ, with the dammeh suppressed, (S,) and حَسَنَ, (K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. حُسْنٌ (S, * Msb, K, * TA) and حُسْنَى, (Ham p. 657, and Bd in ii. 77,) He, or it (a thing, S, Msb), had, or possessed, the quality termed حَسْنٌ [which see below; i. e., was, or became, good, or goodly, (generally the latter,) beautiful, comely, or pleasing, &c.; and ↓ تحسّن often signifies the same, as in the phrase تحسّن عِنْدَهُ it was, or became, good, &c., in his estimation]: (S, K, TA:) and [in like manner] زَيْدٌ ↓ أَحْسَنَ means Zeyd became possessed of حُسْن. (Mughnee in art. بِ.) b2: One may not say حُسْنَ, transferring the dammeh of the س to the ح and making the former letter quiescent, except in one case; because it is [virtually, together with its agent expressed or implied, in this case,] a predicate: [see I'Ak p. 234:] this is allowable only in the case of a verb of praise or dispraise; حُسْنَ, in respect of the transference of the medial vowel, being likened to نِعْمَ and بِئْسَ, which are originally نَعِمَ and بَئِسَ: and thus one does in all verbs like these two in meaning: a poet says, لَمْ يَمْنَعِ النَّاسُ مِنِّى مَا أَرَدْتُ وَ مَا

أُعْطِيهِمُ مَا أَرَادُوا حُسْنَ ذَا أَدَبَا [Men have not withheld from me what I have desired, nor do I give them what they have desired: good, or very good, is this as a mode of conduct!]: meaning حَسُنَ هٰذَا أَدَبًا. (S, TA.) Yousay also, حَسُنَ زَيْدٌ, [meaning Good, or goodly, &c., or very good &c., is Zeyd! or] meaning بِهِ ↓ أَحْسِنْ [i. e. how good, or goodly, &c., is Zeyd! as also ↓ مَا أَحْسَنَهُ]. (B, TA in art. بِ.) 2 حسّنهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَحْسِينٌ, (S,) He made it, or rendered it, حَسَن [i. e. good, or goodly, (generally the latter,) beautiful, comely, or pleasing, &c.]; (K;) he beautified, embellished, or adorned, it; (S, TA;) as also ↓ احسنهُ. (TA.) You say, الحَلَّاقُ رَأْسَهُ ↓ أَحْسَنَ The shaver beautified, or trimmed, his head. (TA.) And الَّذِى

كُلَّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقَهُ ↓ أَحْسَنَ [Who hath made good, or goodly, everything that He hath created], in the Kur [xxxii. 6], means حَسَّنَ خَلْقَ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ [hath made good, or goodly, the creation of everything]. (TA.) b2: [See also تَحْسِينٌ.] b3: And see 10.3 إنِّى أُحَاسِنُ بِكَ النَّاسَ (S, TA) Verily I contend with men for thy superiority in حُسْن [i. e. goodness, or goodliness, &c.]. (TA.) [حَاسَنَ followed by an accus. is rendered by Golius, as on the authority of J, who gives no explanation of it, “Bene tractavit et egit. ”]4 احسن as an intrans. v.: see 1. b2: Also He did that which was حَسَن [meaning good, comely, or pleasing; he acted well]; (Msb;) he did a good deed: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [for] إِحْسَانٌ is the contr. of إِسَآءَةٌ: (K:) it differs from إِنْعَامٌ in being to oneself and to another; whereas the latter is only to another: (TA:) and it surpasses عَدْلٌ, inasmuch as it means the giving more than one owes, and taking less than is owed to one; whereas the latter means the giving what one owes, and taking what is owed to one. (Er-Rághib, TA.) You say, أَحْسَنْتُ إِلَيْهِ and بِهِ [I acted, or behaved, with goodness, well, or in a good or comely or pleasing manner, towards him; did good to him; benefited him; conferred a benefit, or benefits, upon him]: both signify the same: (S, TA:) and hence, in the Kur [xii. 101], قَدْ أَحْسَنَ بِى

إِذَ أَخْرَجَنِى مِنَ السِّجْنِ meaning إِلَىَّ [i. e. He hath acted well towards me, when he brought me forth from the prison]: (AHeyth, Az:) or, accord. to some, the verb in this case is made to import the meaning of لَطَفَ [which is trans. by means of بِ, i. e. He hath acted graciously with me]. (Mughnee in art. بِ.) b3: الإِحْسَانُ is also explained as meaning الإِخْلَاصُ [i. e. The being sincere, or without hypocrisy; or the asserting oneself to be clear of believing in any beside God]; which is a condition of the soundness, or validity, of الإِيمَان and الإِسْلَام together: and as denoting watchfulness, and good obedience: and as meaning the continuing in the right way, and following the way which those [of the righteous] who have gone before have trodden; this last being said to be the meaning in the Kur ix. 101. (TA.) A2: As a trans. v.: see 2, in three places. b2: احسنهُ also signifies (tropical:) He knew it: (S, K, TA:) [or] he knew it well; (Er-Rághib, Msb;) and so احسن بِهِ, as in the saying, هُوَ يُحْسِنُ بِالعَرَبِيَّةِ (assumed tropical:) He knows well the Arabic language. (MA.) Hence the saying of 'Alee, قِيمَةُ المَرْءِ مَا يُحْسِنُهُ (tropical:) [The value of the man is what he knows, or knows well]. (TA.) النَّاسُ أَبْنَآءُ مَا يُحْسِنُونَ is another saying of 'Alee, meaning (tropical:) Men are named, or reputed, in relation to what they know, and to the good deeds that they do. (TA.) b3: أَحْسِنْ بِهِ and مَا أَحْسَنَهُ: see 1, last sentence. You say also, ↓ مَا أُحَيْسِنَهُ [i. e. How very good, or goodly, &c., is he!]; using the dim. form; like مَا أُمَيْلِحَهُ [q. v.]. (S and K in art. ملح.) A3: Also He (a man, IAar) sat upon a high hill, or heap, of sand, such as is termed حَسَنٌ. (IAar, K.) 5 تحسّن: see 1. b2: Also i. q. تَجَمَّلَ [i. e. He beautified, embellished, or adorned, himself: and he affected what is beautiful, goodly, or comely, in person, or in action or actions or behaviour, or in moral character, &c.]. (TA.) [تَحَسَّنَتْ, said of a woman, occurs, in the former sense, in the S and K in art. رعد, and in the TA in art. نقط, &c.]

b3: دَخَلَ الحَمَّامَ فَتَحَسَّنَ He entered the hot bath and was shaven. (TA.) 6 تحاسن [He affected to be حَسَن (i. e. good, goodly, beautiful, comely, &c.), not being really so]. (A in art. صبح. [See 6 in that art.]) 10 استحسنهُ He counted, accounted, reckoned, or esteemed, him, or it, حَسَن [i. e. good, goodly, beautiful, comely, pleasing, &c.; he approved, thought well of, or liked, him, or it]; (S, K;) as also ↓ حسّنهُ, inf. n. تَحْسِينٌ. (Har p. 594.) Hence the saying, صَرْفُ هٰذَا اسْتِحْسَانٌ وَ المَنْعُ قِيَاسٌ [The making this word perfectly declinable is approvable, but the making it imperfectly declinable is agreeable with analogy]. (TA.) حُسْنٌ (S, K, &c.) and ↓ حُسُنٌ, which is of the dial. of El-Hijáz, and ↓ حَسَنٌ, (MF, TA,) Goodness, or goodliness, [generally the latter,] beauty, comeliness, or pleasingness; contr. of قُبْحٌ: (S:) i. q. جَمَالٌ: (K:) but accord. to As, [when relating to the person,] حُسْنٌ is in the eyes, and جَمَالٌ is in the nose: (TA:) symmetry; or just proportion of the several parts of the person, one to another: (Kull:) or anything, moving the mind, that is desired, or wished for; such as is approved by the intellect; and such as is approved by natural desire; and such as is approved by the faculty of sense: in the common conventional language, mostly applied to what is approved by the sight: in the Kur, mostly to what is approved by mental perception: it is in accidents as well as in substances: (Er-Rághib, TA:) the pl. is ↓ مَحَاسِنُ, (S, K,) like مَلَامِحُ pl. of لَمْحَةٌ, and مَشَابِهُ pl. of شَبَهٌ, &c., (Har p. 9,) contr. to rule, (S, K,) as though pl. of ↓ مَحْسَنٌ or ↓ مُحْسَنٌ: (S accord. to different copies:) or, accord. to Lh and Eth-Tha'álibee, مَحَاسِنُ has no proper sing. (TA.) وَ قُولُوا لِلنَّاسِ حُسْنًا, in the Kur [ii. 77], means And say ye to men a saying having in it goodness (قَوْلًا ذَا حُسْنٍ): or حُسْنًا may mean حَسَنًا: (Zj, TA:) and some read here حَسَنًا: and some, حُسُنًا, accord. to the dial. of El-Hijáz: and some, ↓ حُسْنَى, as an inf. n., like بُشْرَى: (Bd:) but AHát and Zj disallow this; the former saying that حُسْنَى is like فُعْلَى [as fem. of أَفْعَلُ denoting the comparative and superlative degrees], and therefore should have the article ال. (TA.) وَ وَصَّيْنَا الإِنْسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ حُسْنًا, in the Kur [xxix. 7], means [in like manner] And we have enjoined man to do to his two parents what is good (مَا يَحْسُنُ حُسْنًا): (TA:) and here [also] some read حَسَنًا; and some, إِحْسَانًا. (Bd.) [See another ex. of a similar kind, from the Kur xviii. 85, voce إِمَّا, near the beginning of the paragraph.] b2: سِتُّ الحُسْنِ [The convolvulus caïricus of Linn.; abundant in the gardens of Cairo;] a certain plant that twines about trees and has a beautiful flower. (TA.) b3: See also حَسَنٌ.

حَسَنٌ Having, or possessing, the quality termed حُسْنٌ [which see above; good, or goodly, (generally the latter,) beautiful, comely, pleasing or pleasant, &c.]; (Msb, K, TA;) either intrinsically, as when applied to belief in God and in his attributes; or extrinsically, as when applied to war against unbelievers, for this is not good in itself: said to be the only epithet of its measure except بَطَلٌ: (TA:) and ↓ حَسِينٌ signifies the same, (IB, K,) because from حَسُنَ, like عَظِيمٌ and كَريِمٌ from عَظُمَ and كَرُمَ, (IB, TA,) and ↓ حُسَانٌ, (K,) but this is an intensive epithet, [signifying very good or goodly &c.,] (IB, TA,) and ↓ حُسَّانٌ, (K,) also an intensive epithet, (S, IB,) and ↓ حَاسِنٌ, (K,) [properly signifying being, or becoming, good or goodly &c.,] cited by Lh as used in a future sense, (TA,) and ↓ مُحَسَّنٌ as applied to a face: (K:) the fem. is حَسَنَةٌ, and ↓ حَسْنَآءُ, applied to a woman, (S, Msb, K,) though the corresponding masc. of this latter, namely, ↓ أَحْسَنُ, is [said to be] not used (S, K) as applied to a man [in the sense of حَسَنٌ], (S,) [but the phrase هُوَ أَحْسَنُهُمْ وَجْهًا as meaning حَسَنُهُمْ وَجْهًا is mentioned in the S in art. بيض, (see بَيَاضٌ, and see also the pl. أَحَاسِنُ in what here follows,)] and ↓ حُسَّانَةٌ: (S, K:) the pl. masc. is حِسَانٌ, (Msb, K,) pl. of حَسَنٌ used as an epithet; but when حَسَنٌ is used as a [proper] name, its pl. is حَسَنُونَ; (Msb;) and حِسَانٌ may also be pl. of حَسِينٌ; (TA;) and حُسَّانُونَ, (Sb, K,) pl. of ↓ حُسَّانٌ, which has no broken pl.: (Sb:) and أَحَاسِنُ القَوْمِ means حِسَانُهُمْ [the good, or goodly, &c., of the party, or company of men]: (K:) the pl. fem. is حِسَانٌ, (K,) like the masc., pl. of حَسْنَآءُ, and the only instance of its kind except عِجَافٌ, pl. of عَجْفَآءُ. (TA.) You say رَجُلٌ حَسَنٌ بَسَنٌ [A man very good or goodly &c.], using بسن as an imitative sequent [for the purpose of corroboration]. (S.) b2: [حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ A tradition of good authority; generally applied to one transmitted in the first instance by two or more relaters. b3: Also meaning Good, comely, goodhumoured, pleasing, or pleasant, discourse or talk.] b4: الحَسَنُ The bone that is next to the elbow; as also ↓ الحُسْنُ: (K:) or the extremity of the bone of the upper half of the arm next the shoulder-joint, because of the abundance of flesh that is upon it; the extremity of that bone next the elbow being called القَبِيحُ: (TA in art. قبح:) or the upper part of that bone; the lower part thereof being called القبيح. (Fr, TA in that art.) b5: A kind of tree, of beautiful appearance, (K, TA,) also called the أَلآء, that grows in rows upon a hill, or heap, (كَثِيب,) of sand; so called because of its beauty; whence the كثيب is called نَقَا الحَسَنِ: thus described by Az, on the authority of 'Alee Ibn-Hamzeh. (TA.) b6: [And hence, perhaps,] حَسَنٌ signifies also A high كَثِيب [or hill, or heap, of sand]: (IAar, K:) whence it is used as a [proper] name of a boy. (IAar, TA.) A2: See also حُسْنٌ, first sentence.

الحُسَنُ: see أَحْسَنُ.

حُسُنٌ: see حُسْنٌ, first sentence.

حِسْنَةٌ A ledge (رَيْدٌ) projecting from a mountain: pl. حِسَنٌ. (K.) حَسَنَةٌ fem. of حَسَنٌ [q. v.]. (S, Msb, K.) b2: Also, [used as a subst., or as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant, A good act or action;] an act of obedience [to God; often particularly applied to an alms-deed]: (Ksh and Bd in iv. 80:) and the reward [of a good action]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) a good, benefit, benefaction, boon, or blessing: (Ksh and Bd ibid.:) contr. of سَيِّئَةٌ [in all these senses]: (S, K:) as contr. of this latter word, it signifies any rejoicing, or gladdening, good or benefit &c. that betides a man in his soul and his body and his circumstances: (Er-Rághib, TA:) pl. حَسَنَاتٌ: (K, and Kur vii. 167, &c.:) it has no broken pl. (TA.) Hence, in the Kur iv. 80, it means Abundance of herbage, or of the goods, conveniences, and comforts, of life; ampleness of circumstances; and success: and سَيِّئَة there means the contr. of these. (Er-Rághib, TA.) In the Kur xi. 116, الحَسَنَات is said to mean The five daily prayers, as expiating what has been between them. (TA.) b3: As an epithet, [fem. of حَسَنٌ,] it is applied to an accident as well as to a substance. (Er-Rághib, TA.) حُسْنَى: see حُسْنٌ, and أَحْسَنُ; the latter, in three places.

حَسْنَآءُ: see حَسَنٌ.

حُسَانٌ: see حَسَنٌ.

حَسِينٌ: see حَسَنٌ.

حُسَيْنٌ [dim. of حَسَنٌ. b2: Also] A high mountain: whence it is used as a [proper] name of a boy. (TA.) حُسَيْنَى One's utmost, [or rather one's best,] or the utmost of one's power or ability or deed or case: so in the saying, حُسَيْنَاهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا [His utmost, or best, &c., is, or will be, the doing such a thing]: and ↓ حُسَيْنَاؤُهُ means the same. (K, * TA.) حُسَيْنَآءُ: see what next precedes.

A2: Also A kind of tree, with small leaves. (K.) حُسَّانٌ; and its fem., with ة: see حَسَنٌ, in three places.

حَاسِنٌ: see حَسَنٌ. b2: [Hence,] الحَاسِنُ The moon. (AA, S.) أَحْسَنُ, fem. حَسْنَآءُ, pl. أَحَاسِنُ: see حَسَنٌ. b2: الأَحْسَنُ denotes the comparative and superlative degrees [of حُسْنٌ]; as in the phrase هُوَ الأَحْسَنُ [He, or it, is the better, and best; or the more, and most, goodly or beautiful or comely &c.]: (K:) ↓ الحُسْنَى is the fem.; as in the phrase الأَسْمَآءُ الحُسْنَى The best names; those of God; which are ninety and nine: (Jel in vii. 179:) it signifies the contr. of السُّوْءَى: (S, K:) the pl. of الأَحْسَنُ is الأَحَاسِنُ. (K.) In the saying, in the Kur [vi. 153 and xvii. 36], وَ لَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ اليَتِيمِ

إِلَّا بِالَّتِى هِىَ أَحْسَنُ [And approach ye not the property of the orphan, to make use of it,] except by that act which is best to be done with it, the meaning is, such an act as the taking care of it, and increasing it: (Bd:) or, as some say, the meaning is, the taking, of his property, what will [suffice to] conceal those parts of one's person that should not be exposed, and stay one's hunger. (TA.) [The fem.] ↓ الحُسْنَى is applied to accidents only: not to substances. (Er-Rághib, TA.) It means also, [as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates, That which is better, and that which is best. And hence,] The good final or ultimate state or condition [appointed for the faithful]: (K:) so, it is said, in the Kur xli. 50. (TA.) And The view, or vision, of God; (K;) accord. to some: but it is said that in the Kur x. 27, it means Paradise; and زِيَادَةٌ, which there follows it, means the view, or vision, of the face of God. (TA.) And Victory: and martyrdom: (Th, K:) whence, [in the Kur ix. 52,] إِحْدَى

الحُسْنَيَيْنِ [one of the two best things]; (K;) victory or martyrdom. (Ksh, Bd, Jel.) and The saying لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ. (Jel in xcii. 6 and 9.) The pl. of ↓ الحُسْنَى is الحُسْنَيَاتُ and ↓ الحُسَنُ, (K, [the latter like رُجَعٌ pl. of رُجْعَى, but misunderstood by Freytag as syn. with المَحَاسِنُ, which next follows it in the K,]) neither of which is used without the article ال. (TA.) مَا أُحَيْسِنَهُ: see 4, last sentence but one.

تَحْسِينٌ a subst. of the measure تَفْعِيلٌ; (K;) or rather an inf. n. used as a subst.; (TA;) pl. تَحَاسِينُ: whence كِتَابُ التَّحَاسِينِ (K) [Caligraphy; or] deliberate, orderly, and regular writing; (TK;) [or close and compact writing, without spaces, or gaps, and without elongation of the letters;] contr. of المَشْقُ. (K. [See كِتَابُ مَشْقٍ.]) مَحْسَنٌ: see حُسْنٌ, and مَحَاسِنُ.

مُحْسَنٌ: see حُسْنٌ.

مُحْسِنٌ Doing, or who does, that which is حَسَن [meaning good, comely, or pleasing]; (K, TA;) as also ↓ مِحْسَانٌ: (K:) or the latter [is an intensive epithet, meaning doing, or who does, much that is good, comely, or pleasing: or] means constantly doing that which is حَسَن. (TA.) b2: إِنَّا نَرَاكَ مِنَ المُحْسِنِينَ, in the Kur xii. 36, means (tropical:) Verily we see thee to be of those who know, or know well, the interpretation of dreams: (Ksh, Bd, TA: *) or (assumed tropical:) of those endowed with knowledge: or of the doers of good to the prisoners: (Ksh, Bd:) or of those who aid the weak and the sufferer of wrong, and visit the sick. (TA.) مَحْسَنَةٌ [A cause of good: pl., app., ↓ مَحَاسِنُ; like as مَسَاوٍ, originally مَسَاوِئُ, is said to be pl. of مَسَآءَةٌ, originally مَسْوَأَةٌ]. You say, هٰذَا الطَّعَامُ مَحْسَنَةٌ لِلْجِسْمِ [This food is a cause of good, i. e. beneficial, to the body]. (S.) مُحَسَّنٌ: see حَسَنٌ.

مِحْسَانٌ: see مُحْسِنٌ.

مَحَاسِنُ The beautiful places [or parts] of the body: (K:) accord. to some, (TA,) the sing. is ↓ مَحْسَنٌ: or it has no sing.: (K:) the former opinion is disapproved by ISd.: the latter is the opinion of the grammarians and of the generality of the lexicologists: and therefore, says Sb, the rel. n. is ↓ مَحَاسِنِىٌّ; for if مَحَاسِنُ had a sing., it would be restored to the sing. in forming the rel. n. (TA.) You say, فُلَانَةُ كَثِيرَةُ المَحَاسِنِ Such a woman has many beautiful places [or parts] of the body. (TA.) And مَحَاسِنُ الوَجْهِ وَ مَسَاوِيهِ [The beauties of the face, and its defects]: (K in art. لمح:) [for] مَحَاسِنُ signifies the contr. of مَسَاوٍ. (S.) b2: [As contr. of مَسَاوٍ, it signifies also Good qualities of any kind: and also good actions; like حَسَنَاتٌ: agreeably with an explanation in the KL, نيكوئيها.] b3: See also حُسْنٌ: b4: and مَحْسَنَةٌ.

مَحَاسِنِىٌّ: see the next preceding paragraph.