كرم

1 كَرُمَ

, inf. n. كَرَمٌ, It (a thing) was, or became, highly esteemed or prized or valued; excellent, precious, valuable, or rare: (Msb:) followed by عَلَيْهِ: see 1 in art. فجع. b2: كَرُمَتْ

أَرْضُهُ His land yielded increase of its seed-produce, (ISh, K,) and its soil became good, (ISh,) being manured; (ISh, K;) [or it was, or became, generous, or good; i. e., productive, or fertile]. b3: كَرُمْتُ عَلَيْهِ, (S, K, art. عز,) I exceeded him in generosity, or nobleness. (TK, voce عَزٌّ.) 2 كَرَّمَهُ عَلَىَّ [He honoured him above me]. (Kur, xvii. 64). b2: كَرَّمَهُ عَنْ كَذَا [He preserved him from such a thing]: see an ex. in a verse cited in art. عل (conj. 3): and see, here, 4 and 5. b3: كَرَّمَ He highly regarded a horse or the like. b4: See تَكْرِمَةٌ.4 أَكْرَمَهُ He treated him with honour, or courtesy. b2: أَكْرَمَ, and ↓ اِسْتَكْرَمَ, He found a generous horse (فَرَسًا كَرِيمًا). (TA in art. ربط.) See رَبَطَ. b3: أَكْرَمْتُ عَنْهُ عِرْضِى

I preserved myself from it. (S in art. عرض. See also 2.) 5 تَكَرَّمَ عَنْهُ

, and ↓ تَكَارَمَ, He shunned it; avoided it; kept, or removed, himself far from it; or preserved himself from it; (K;) for in stance, from foul speech. (TA in art. دقع.) b2: تَكَرَّمَ He affected, or constrained himself, to be generous. (S.) 6 تَكَاْرَمَ see 5.10 اِسْتَكْرَمَ الشَّىْءَ

: see 10 in art. فره. b2: See also 4.

إِبْنُ الكَرْمِ The قِطْف [i. e. grape, or bunch of grapes]. (T in art. بنى.) كَرَمٌ in a horse, &c., generous quality. See حَسَبٌ; and see كَرِيمٌ, and مَكْرُمَةٌ, and شَرِيفٌ.

ذُو الجَلَالِ وَالإِكْرَامِ (Kur, lv. 27) Possessed of majesty, or greatness, and bounty: (Jel:) or, of absolute independence and universal bounty. (Bd.) الكُرْكُمُ الصَّغِيرُ

: see العُرُوقُ الصُّفْرُ.

كَرِيمٌ Generous; liberal; honourable: noble; high-born; contr. of لَئِيمٌ. (K, &c.) b2: [A generous, a noble, a high-bred, a well-born, or an excellent, horse, &c.; of generous, high, or good, breed or quality.] b3: A thing highly esteemed or prized or valued; excellent, precious, valuable, or rare. (Msb.) b4: [أَرْضٌ كَرِيمَةٌ Productive land. See كَرُمَتْ أَرْضُهُ.] b5: بَعِيرٌ كَرِيمٌ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ [A camel held in high estimation by his owner]. (TA in art. دفع.) b6: [وَجْهُ اللّٰهِ الكَرِيمُ means The glorious face of God: see an ex. voce سُبْحَةٌ.] b7: كَراَئِمُ المَالِ (TA) or الأَمْوَالِ (Mgh, Msb) Such as are held in high estimation, precious, or excellent, of cattle or other possessions; (Mgh, Msb, TA;) the choice, or best, thereof. (Mgh, Msb.) حُبًّا وَكَرَامَةٌ

, see حُبٌّ. b2: لَا وَلَا كَرَامَةً

No; nor a jar-cover: i. e., No: (I will not give thee, or I will not do, what thou requirest,) nor anything else. See حُبٌّ; and see تَكْرِمَة. b3: كَراَمَةٌ, the kind of miracle so called: pl. كَرَامَاتٌ; like the term χαρίσματα as used by St. Paul in 1 Cor. xii. 9: it may be well rendered thaumaturgy: and صاَحِبُ كَراَمَاتٍ a thaumaturgus, or thaumaturgist: see مُعْجِزَهٌ, and قَرَاسَةٌ.

أَكْرَمُ in the sense of كَرِيمٌ, as in أَكْرَمُهُمْ أَبًا: see بَيَاضٌ.

تَكْرِمَةٌ

, syn. with تَكْرِيمٌ; (Mgh;) subst. from كَرَّمْتُهُ; as also ↓ كَرَامَةٌ. (Msb.) مَكْرَمَةٌ A means. or cause, of attaining honour. (Mgh, Msb.) مَكْرُمٌ

: see أَلُوكٌ and يُسْرٌ.

مَكْرُمَةٌ A generous, or honourable, quality or action. (Msb, &c.) b2: عَلِىَ فِى المَكَارِمِ [He became eminent in generous, or honourable, actions or practices or qualities or dispositions]. (Msb in art. علو.) b3: مَكَارِمُ may often be rendered Excellencies.

أَرْضٌ مَكْرُمَةٌ and ↓ كَرَمٌ (tropical:) Generous, good, land: (K, TA:) [good and fertile land:] or dunged and tilled land. (TA.) And أَرْضٌ مَكْرُمَةٌ لِلنَّبَاثِ (tropical:) Land producing good herbage or plants. (S, TA. [In some copies of the S, good for herbage or plants.])

خوف

1 خَافَ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) originally خَوِفَ, (Lth, L, &c.,) first Pers\. خِفْتُ, (TA,) aor. ـَ (S, K, &c.,) originally يَخْوَفُ, (L,) imperative خَفْ, (S,) inf. n. خَوْفٌ (S, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ خِيفٌ, [originally خِوْفٌ,] (Lh, TA,) erroneously written in the K with fet-h [to the خ], but some say that this is a simple subst., not an inf. n., (TA,) and ↓ خِيفَةٌ, (Lh, S, Msb, K, &c.,) originally خِوْفَةٌ, (K,) but some say that this also is a simple subst., not an inf. n., (TA,) and [therefore] its pl. is خِيفٌ, (Lh, JK, S, and so in the CK,) in [some of] the copies of the K erroneously written خِيَفٌ, (TA,) or this [as well as the next preceding] may be an inf. n., for some few inf. ns. have pls., (ISd, TA,) and مَخَافَةٌ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) originally مَخْوَفَةٌ, for which last, the first of these inf. ns. is used by a poet, and therefore made fem., (TA,) He feared; he was afraid or frightened or terrified; syn. فَزِعَ. (K.) It is also trans.: (Msb:) you say, خَافَهُ and ↓ تخوّفهُ [He feared, or was afraid of, him, or it]; (Msb, TA;) both signifying the same: (TA:) [and so خَافَ مِنْهُ; or this may mean he feared what might happen to him from him, or it:] and عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا ↓ تخوّف, meaning خَافَهُ [i. e. خَافَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا He feared for him a thing]: (S, K:) and خَاَفَهُ عَلَى مَالِهِ and عَلَيْهِ ↓ تخوّفهُ [He feared him, or it, for his property]. (Mgh.) b2: [Hence,] it is also used in the sense of ظَنَّ [He thought, or opined]: and in this case, the Arabs sometimes use it in the same manner as a verb signifying an oath, and give it the same kind of complement; as in an ex. cited voce دَرِدَ [q. v.]. (S in art. درد.) And He knew. (Lh, Kr, K.) Hence, وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا [And if a woman know that there is, on the part of her husband, injurious treatment, or unkindness, or estrangement], (K,) in the Kur [iv. 127]. (TA.) And hence also, فَمَنْ خَافَ مِنْ مُوصٍ جَنَفًا [And he who knoweth that there is, on the part of the testator, an inclining to a wrong course, or a declining from the right course, &c.], (K,) in the Kur [ii. 178]; thus explained by Lh. (TA.) A2: خَافَهُ, (S,) first Pers\. خُفْتُهُ, (K,) aor. ـُ (S,) He exceeded him in fear. (S, K. *) You say, فَخَافَهُ ↓ خَاوَفَهُ, (S,) inf. n. of the former مُخَاوَفَهُ, (TA,) i. e. [He vied with him to see which of them would exceed the other in fear, and] he exceeded him in fear. (S.) 2 خوّفهُ, (Msb, K,) inf. n. تَخْوِيفٌ, (TA,) i. q. أَخَافَهُ. (Msb, K.) See the latter, in two places. He put fear into him. (JK, TA.) خَوِّفْنَا [app. addressed to God] is mentioned by Lh as meaning Render the Kur-án and the Traditions beautiful to us in order that we may [give heed thereto and] fear. (TA.) b2: He made him to be in such a state, or condition, that men feared him; (JK, K;) he made him to be feared by men. (M.) Hence, in the Kur [iii. 169], إِنَّمَا ذٰلِكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ يُخَوِّفُ أَوْلِيَآءَهُ, i. e. [Verily that is the devil:] he causeth his friends to be feared by you: [or that devil causeth &c.:] or, as Th says, causeth you to fear by his friends. (TA.) A2: He diminished it, lessened it, or took from it; and so خوّف مِنْهُ. (TA.) [See also 5.] b2: خوّف غَنَبَهُ He sent away his sheep, or goats, flock by flock. (TA.) 3 خَاْوَفَ see 1, last sentence.4 اخافهُ, (Msb, K,) inf. n. إِخَافَةٌ (S) and إِخَافٌ, like كِتَابٌ, (Lh, TA,) [but the latter is irreg. and rare,] He, or it, (an affair, a case, or an event, Msb,) caused him, or made him, to fear, or be afraid; put him in fear; frightened, or terrified, him; (TA;) and ↓ خوّفهُ, (Msb, K,) inf. n. تَخْوِيفٌ, (S, TA,) signifies the same. (S, Msb, K.) So in the phrase اخاف الثَّغْرُ [The enemies' frontier caused to fear, &c.; was insecure:] or fear entered from it. (TA.) You say also, مَالَ الحَائِطُ فَأَخَافَ النَّاسَ [The wall leaned, and caused the people to fear]. (Msb.) And أَخَافَ اللُّصُوصُ الطَّرِيقَ [for أَخَافَ اللُّصُوصُ أَهْلَ الطَّرِيقِ The robbers caused the people of the road, or the passengers thereof, to fear, &c.; or it may be rendered the robbers caused the road to be insecure]. (Msb.) And أَخَفْتُهُ الأَمْرَ فَخَافَهُ [I caused him to fear the thing, or affair, &c., and he feared it; making the verb doubly trans.]; as also إِيَّاهُ فَتَخَوَّفَهُ ↓ خَوَّفْتُهُ. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., أَخِيفُوا الهَوَامَّ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُخِيفَكُمْ Make ye the venomous reptiles and the like to fear before they make you to fear; (TA;) i. e. kill ye them before they kill you. (JM, TA.) b2: مَا أَخْوَفَنِى

عَلَيْكَ [How greatly do I fear for thee!]. (TA.) 5 تخوّفهُ: see 1, in three places.

A2: Also He took by little and little (S, L, K) from it, (S, K,) or from its sides; (L;) as also تحوّفهُ: (S and K * in arts. حوف and حيف:) or he took from its extremities; so in the A; in which it is said to be tropical: accord. to IF, it is originally [تخوّن,] with ن [in the place of the ف]. (TA.) Dhu-rRummeh says, (S,) or not he, but some other poet, for it is ascribed to several different authors, (L,) تَخَوَّفَ الرَّحْلُ مِنْهَا تَامِكًا قَرِدًا كَمَا تَخَوَّفَ ظَهْرَ النَّبْعَةِ السَّفَنُ

[Her saddle abraded from a long and high, compact hump, like as when the piece of skin used for smoothing arrows has abraded from the back of a rod of the tree called نبعة]. (S. [See also 5 in art. حوف, where another reading of this verse is given. In the TA, in the present art., in the places of الرحل and ظهر, I find السَّيْرُ and عُود.]) Hence, (S, K,) accord. to Fr, (TA,) أَوْيَأَخَذِهِمْ عَلَى تَخَوُّفٍ, (S, K,) in the Kur [xvi. 49], (S,) which Az explains as meaning [Or are they secure from his destroying them] by causing them to suffer loss [by little and little] in their bodies and their possessions, or cattle, and their fruits: or, accord. to Zj, it may mean, after causing them to fear, by destroying a town, so that the one next to it shall fear. (TA.) You say also, تخوّف مِنْ مَالِى He took by little and little from my property. (JK.) And تَخَوَّفَنَا السَّنَةُ [The year of drought, or sterility, took from us by little and little]. (JK.) And تَخَوّفَنِى حَقِّى

[He diminished to me by little and little my right, or due]. (JK.) And تَخَوَّفَهُ حمْقُهُ (tropical:) i. q. اهْضَمَهُ [an evident mistranscription for اِهْتَضَمَهُ or هَضَمَهُ, meaning His stupidity deprived him of his right, or due]. (TA.) خَافٌ A man very fearful or timorous; (S, K;) [and so, in the present day, ↓ خَوَّافٌ; the former originally] of the measure فَعِلٌ, like فَرِقٌ and فَزِعٌ; and similar to صَاتٌ, meaning a man “ having a strong, or loud, voice: ” (S:) or i. q. ↓ خَائِفٌ: (TA:) accord. to Kh, it may be [originally خَاوِفٌ,] of the measure فَاعِلٌ, having the medial radical rejected; or [خَوْفٌ,] of the measure فَعْلٌ; and in either case, the dim. is [↓ خُوَيْفٌ,] with و: so says Sb. (TA.) خَوْفٌ inf. n. of 1. (S, Msb, K, &c.) b2: Also Slaughter: whence, وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُمْ بِشَىْءٍ مِنَ الْخَوْفِ [And we will assuredly try you with somewhat of slaughter]; (Lh, K;) in the Kur [ii. 150]. (TA.) [See also 4.] b3: And Fighting: whence, فَإِذَا جَآءَ الخَوْفُ [But when fighting cometh; in the Kur xxxiii. 19]. (K.) A2: See also خَائِفٌ.

A3: Also A red hide from which are cut strips like thongs, (Kr, K, TA,) and then upon these are put [ornaments of the kind termed] شَذْر; worn by a girl: (TA:) a dial. var. of حَوْفٌ [q. v.]: (K:) but this latter is preferable. (L, TA.) خِيفٌ: see 1, first sentence.

خَافَةٌ A [coat of the kind called] جُبَّة, of hide, or leather, which the collector of honey wears; (Akh, JK, K;) and also worn by the water-carrier: (JK:) or a fur-garment, or hide with the fur or wool on it, worn by him who enters into the places occupied by bees, in order that they may not sting him: (TA:) or a [pouch of the kind termed] خَرِيطَة, (S, K,) of hide, or leather, (S,) narrow in the upper part and wide in the lower part, (TA,) in which honey is collected: (S, K:) or a [round piece of leather with a running string by means of which it may be converted into a bag, such as is termed] سُفْرَة, like the خَرِيطَة, made, or sewed, small, [for مُصْعَدَةٌ or مُصَعَّدَةٌ, which I find in different copies of the K, and to which no appropriate meaning is assignable, I read مُصْغَرَةٌ or مُصَغَّرَةٌ, (see 2 in art. صغر, and particularly أَصْغَرَ القِرْبَةَ,)] having its head [or border] raised, for honey; (K;) so says Skr, in explaining the following verse: or, as IB says, accord. to Aboo-'Alee, it is from the phrase النَّاسُ أَخْيَافٌ, meaning “ men,” or “ the people,”

“ are different, one from another; ” for it is a خَرِيطَة of hide, or leather, embellished with different kinds of embellishment; and if so it should be mentioned in art. خيف: (TA:) [but] the dim. is ↓ خُوَيْفَةٌ. (JK.) Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, [describing a collector of wild honey,] تَأَبَّطَ خَافَةً فِيهَا مِسَابٌ فَأَصْبَحَ يَقْتَرِى مَشَدًا بِشِيقِ (S,) [He put beneath his armpit a خافة in which was a receptacle for honey, and betook himself to making successive endeavours to reach the most difficult part of a mountain by means of a rope, or rope of palm-fibres; for] he means شِيقًا بِمَسَدٍ; the phrase being inverted: (S and TA in art. شيق:) or he means, [betook himself to] taking successive holds of a rope (يَتَتَبَّعُ حَبْلًا) tied to a شيق [here best rendered mountain-top] in his descent to the place of the honey; so that there is no inversion. (TA in that art.) b2: Also i. q. عَيْبَةٌ [A kind of basket, or receptacle, of hide, or leather]; (TA;) the thing in which fruits are gathered; also called مِخْرَفٌ. (Har p. 374.) b3: And خَافَةُ الزَّرْعِ is said to mean The envelope of the grain of seed-produce; so called because it protects it: to this the believer is likened in a trad. [as some relate it]; but the reading [commonly known] is [خَامَة,] with م. (TA.) [See خامة, in art. خيم.]

خِيفَةٌ; pl. خِيفٌ: see 1, first sentence. b2: [Sometimes it may mean, agreeably with analogy, A kind of fear.]

A2: See also art. خيف.

خَوَافٌ Vociferation, clamour, or a confused noise, of a company of men. (JK, Sgh, K.) خُوَيْفٌ: see خَافٌ.

خُوَيْفَةٌ: see خَافَةٌ.

خَوَّافٌ: see خَافٌ. b2: [Hence, perhaps,] A certain black bird: ISd says, I know not why it is thus called. (TA.) خَائِفٌ Fearing; being afraid or frightened or terrified: (S, * TA:) pl. خُوَّفٌ (S, K) and خُيَّفٌ, (S,) or خِيَّفٌ, (K,) or, accord. to Ks, خُيَّفٌ and خِيفٌ and خُوفٌ, (L,) [but the second and third of these three should be خِيَّفٌ and خُوَّفٌ, for all are said to be of the measure فُعَّلٌ,] and ↓ خَوْفٌ; or this last is a quasi-pl. n.; (K;) whence, in the Kur [vii. 54], خَوْفًا وَطَمَعًا, meaning Worship ye Him fearing his punishment and eagerly desiring his recompense. (TA.) See also خَافٌ. b2: and see مَخُوفٌ.

طَرِيقٌ مُخَافٌ [for مُخَافٌ أَهْلُهُ, A road of which the people, or passengers, are caused to fear, by robbers]. (Msb.) [See also what next follows.]) طَرِيقُ مَخُوفٌ A road in which people fear: (S, * Msb, K:) or a road that is feared; (JK, TA;) as also ↓ مَخِيفٌ, and ↓ خَائِفٌ; which last is tropical, of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; (TA;) or, thus applied, this last [is a possessive epithet, and thus] meanshaving fear: (JK: [see also مُخَافٌ:]) you should not say ↓ طَرِيقٌ مُخِيفٌ, because the road does not cause fear, but only he who robs and slays therein. (S, * K, * TA.) One says also ثَغْرٌ

↓ مَخِيفٌ and ↓ مُتَخَوَّفٌ An enemies' frontier [that is feared, or] from which one fears, or from the direction of which fear comes. (TA.) مَخُوفٌ signifies A thing [of any kind] that is feared; as a lion, and a serpent, and fire, and the like. (Har p. 369.) [Hence,] حَائِطٌ مَخُوفٌ A wall of which the falling is feared. (Lh, Msb, TA. [See also مُخِيفٌ.]) And وَجَعٌ مَخُوفٌ [A pain that is feared]. (TA. [See, again, مُخِيفٌ.]) and أَمْرٌ مَخُوفٌ [An affair, or event, that is feared]. (Mgh, Msb. [See, again, مُخِيفٌ.]) And فَاسِقٌ مَخُوفٌ عَلَى مَالِهِ A transgressor who is feared for his property, that he will consume it, and expend it in that which is not right. (Mgh.) مَخِيفٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places: and see also what next follows.

حَائِطٌ مُخِيفٌ (Msb, K, in the CK ↓ مَخِيفٌ,) A wall that causes one to fear that it will fall. (Msb, K. * [See also مَخُوفٌ.]) And وَجَعٌ مُخِيفٌ (S, K) A pain that causes him who sees it to fear. (S. [See, again, مَخُوفٌ.]) And أَمْرٌ مُخِيفٌ An affair, or event, that is formidable; that causes him who sees it to fear. (Msb. [See, again, مَخُوفٌ.]) And المُخِيفُ means The lion, (K, TA,) that frightens him who sees him. (TA.) See also مَخُوفٌ, first sentence.

أَخْوَفٌ [More, and most, formidable, fearful, or feared: anomalous, like its syn. أَخْشَى, being from the pass. verb. Hence,] أَخْوَفُ مَا أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ كَذَا [The most formidable, or fearful, of what I fear for you is such a thing]. (Mgh, * TA.) مَخَافَةٌ an inf. n. of 1, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) originally مَخْوَفَةٌ. (TA.) b2: [Also A cause of fear: a word of the same category as مَجْبَنَةٌ and مَبْخَلَةٌ

&c.: pl. مَخَاوِفُ. Hence,] أَوَّلُ كُتُبِهِ المَخَاوِفُ [The first of his letters, or epistles, consisted of the causes of fear]. (TA.) b3: And مَخَاوِفُ also signifies Places of fear. (KL.) مُتَخَوَّفٌ: see مَخُوفٌ.

صحف

2 تَصْحِيفٌ signifies (primarily, Msb) The making a mistake (S, O, Msb, K, TA) in a صَحِيفَة, (S, O, K, TA,) by reason of the ambiguity, or dubiousness, of the letters: a postclassical term: (TA:) or the reading a thing in a manner at variance with what the writer intended, or at variance with the conventional usage thereof: (Mgh:) a secondary signification is the altering a word, or an expression, in such a manner that the meaning intended by the application [thereof] becomes altered: (Msb:) or it consists in the altering of a diacritical point [or points]; as in النفى for النقى, or vice versâ: (KT, after التَّحْرِيفُ:) one says, صحّف اللَّفْظَ He altered the word, or expression, [in such a manner that the meaning intended by the application thereof became altered, or] so that it became dubious [to the reader]. (Msb.) [See also تَحْرِيف, in the first paragraph of art. حرف.]4 أُصْحِفَ It had صُحُف [i. e. written pieces of paper or of skin] (S, O, K, TA) collected in it, (S, O,) or put in it (K, TA) between two boards. (TA.) 5 تصحّف, said of a word, or an expression, It became altered [so as to have a meaning different from that intended by the application thereof, (see 2,) or] so as to be dubious. (Msb.) One says, تصحّف عَلَيْهِ لَفْظُ كَذَا [Such a word, or such an expression, became altered so as to be dubious to him]. (O, K. *) صَحْفَةٌ [A sort of bowl;] a vessel like the قَصْعَةٌ, (S, ISd, O, Msb, K, * TA,) expanded, wide, (ISd, TA,) or a large, expanded قَصْعَة, (Mgh,) or, accord. to Z, an oblong قَصْعَة, (Msb,) that satisfies the hunger of five [men] (Ks, S, ISd, Mgh, O, TA) and the like of them: (ISd, TA:) Ks says, (S, O,) the largest sort of قَصْعَة is the جَفْنَة; next to which is the قَصْعَة [properly so called], (S, O, K,) which satisfies the hunger of ten [men]; (S, O;) then, the صَحْفَة, (S, O, K,) which satisfies the hunger of five; (S, O;) then, the مِئْكَلَة, (S, O, K,) which satisfies two men, and three; (S, O;) and then, the ↓ صُحَيْفَة, (S, O, K,) which satisfies one man: (S, O:) the pl. of صَحْفَةٌ is صِحَافٌ. (S, O, Mgh, Msb.) It is said in a prov., اِسْتَفْرَغَ فُلَانٌ مَا فِى صَحْفَتِهِ Such a one chose for himself, as his share, [or exhausted, all of] what was in his صحفة. (TA.) صَحَفِىٌّ One who makes mistakes in reading the صَحِيفَة [or writing, or written piece of paper or of skin]; incorrectly termed by the vulgar صُحُفِىٌّ, with two dammehs; (O, K;) [for the formation of a rel. n. from a pl. of this kind (i. e. from صُحُفٌ) is not allowable,] though the pl. is not restored to the sing. in forming the rel. n. in the case of proper names, such as أَنْمَارِىٌّ &c., nor in the case of words that are used in a manner like that of proper names, such as أَنْصَارِىٌ &c.: (O:) or a learner, or one who acquires knowledge, (Mgh, Msb,) from the صَحِيفَة, (Mgh,) inferior [in rank] to the مَشَايِخِ [pl. of شَيْخٌ]: (Msb:) a rel. n. from صَحِيفَةٌ; (Mgh, Msb;) like حَنَفِىٌّ and بَجَلِىٌّ from حَنِيفَةُ and بَجِيلَةُ: (Msb:) and ↓ مُصَحِّفٌ signifies the same as صَحَفِىٌّ [in the former of these senses]. (TA.) صِحَافٌ Small places that are made for water to collect and remain therein (مَنَاقِعُ صِغَارٌ تُتَّخَذُ لِلْمَآءِ): pl. صُحُفٌ. (Esh-Sheybánee, O, K.) صَحِيفٌ [appears from what here follows, to be syn. with ↓ صَحِيفَةٌ, or rather it is a coll. gen. n. of which the latter is the n. un.:] (tropical:) The surface of the ground or earth; (O, K, TA;) as being likened to the thing [i. e. paper or skin] that is written upon. (TA.) b2: See also the next paragraph.

صَحِيفَةٌ A written piece of paper (MA, Mgh, Msb) or of skin; (Msb;) a writing, or thing written; a book, or volume; a letter, i. e. an epistle; syn. كِتَابٌ; (S, O, K;) [syn. with كِتَابٌ in all of these senses; in the last of them in an anecdote related in Freytag's Arab. Prov. i.

721-2, and in Har p. 119, q. v.;] and a [portion of a book, such as is termed] كُرَّاسَة; and a register; [for] in the إِنْقَاع [a title of several books, it is said that] the كُرَّاسَة and ↓ مُصْحَف and صَحِيفَة and كِتَاب and دَفْتَر are one: (MA:) pl. صُحُفٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and صُحْفٌ, a contraction of the former, (TA,) and صَحَائِفُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) like سَفَائِنُ pl. of سَفِينَةٌ; (Lth, O;) the first of these pls. anomalous, (Lth, Sb, O, K,) the sing. being likened to قَضِيتٌ (Sb, O, TA) and قَلِيبٌ (Sb, TA) and رَغِيفٌ, (O,) of which the pls. are قُضُبٌ (Sb, O, TA) and قُلُبٌ (Sb, TA) and رُغُفٌ: (O:) [or صَحِيفٌ may be its original, as well as regular, sing.:] see the next preceding paragraph. صُحُفِ إِبْرٰهِيمَ وَمُوسَى, in the Kur [lxxxvii. last verse], means [In the books of Abraham and Moses; i. e.] the books revealed to Abraham and Moses. (O.) [صَحِيفَةٌ also means The record of the actions of anyone, that is kept in heaven: (see رَقٌّ:) one says, صَحِيفَنُهُ سَوْدَآءُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) The record of his actions is black; a phrase often used in the present day, in speaking of a bad man.] Mohammad [the Hanafee Imám] speaks of صُحُف not written upon; saying, فَإِنْ كَانَتِ السَّرِقَةُ صُحُفًا لَيْسَ فِيهَا كِتَابٌ [And if the stolen property be papers, or books, not having any writing upon them]. (Mgh. [See, again, رَقٌّ.]) b2: صَحِيفَةٌ signifies also A plank, board, or leaf, of a door; like صَحَائِفُ [from which it is perhaps formed by transposition, or it may be tropical in this sense]: pl. صَحِيفٌ. (MA.) b3: Also (tropical:) The external skin, or scarf-skin, of the face: (O, TA:) or as some say, the part thereof that fronts one: pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.]

↓ صَحِيفٌ; or this may be used, in a verse in which it occurs, for صَحِيفَة. (TA.) b4: One says also صَحَائِفُ مِنْ شَحْمٍ [meaning (assumed tropical:) Layers of fat]. (A in art. نير.) صُحَيْفَةٌ: see صَحْفَةٌ.

صَحَّافٌ [A bookseller;] a seller of صُحُف: or [a bookbinder;] a maker [meaning binder] of صُحُف. (TA.) مَصْحَفٌ: see what next follows.

مُصْحَفٌ (Th, S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and ↓ مِصْحَفٌ (Th, S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ مَصْحَفٌ; (Th, O, K;) the first of which is the original, (Fr, S, O, Msb,) being from أُصْحِفَ meaning as expl. above, and one of certain words that are pronounced by [some of] the Arabs with kesr to the م instead of damm because the latter is deemed by them difficult of utterance, of which words are also مِخْدَعٌ and مِطْرَفٌ and مِغْزَلٌ and مِجْسَدٌ, (Fr, S, O,) or, accord. to Az, Temeem pronounce the م with kesr, and Keys pronounce it with damm, [as do most persons in the instance of مصحف in the present day,] and Th says that مَصْحَفٌ, with fet-h, is correct and chaste; (O;) [A book, or volume, consisting of] a collection of صُحُف, (S, Mgh, O, K, TA,) written upon, and put between two boards: (TA:) [generally applied in the present day to a copy of the Kur-án:] and also signifying a [portion of a book, such as is termed]

كُرَّاسَة: but the former is the primary [and more common] signification: (Mgh:) pl. مَصَاحِفُ. (KL.) See also صَحِيفَةٌ.

مِصْحَفٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مُصَحِّفٌ: see صَحَفِىٌّ.

صرف

الصَّرْفُ signifies The turning, or sending, or putting, a thing away, or back, from its way, or course; the causing it to turn away, or back; therefrom; the averting it, or repelling it therefrom: (M:) or the shifting a thing from one state, or condition, to another; (Bd in vi. 105;) and so ↓ التَّصْرِيفُ. (TA.) You say, صَرَفَهُ, (M, K,) or صَرَفَهُ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ, (Msb, TA,) i. e. عَنْ سَنَنِهِ, (TA in art. وجه,) aor. ـِ (M, Msb, K,) inf. n. صَرْفٌ, (M, Msb,) He turned, sent, or put, him, or it, away, or back, &c., (M, K,) from his, or its, way, or course. (M.) And نَفْسَهُ عَنِ ↓ صارف الشَّىْءِ, meaning صَرَفَهَا عَنْهُ [He turned himself away, or back, from the thing]. (M.) and صَرَفْتُ الرَّجُلَ عَنِّى [I turned the man away, or back, or I averted him, or repelled him, from me]. (S.) And صَرَفَ الصِّبْيَانَ He dismissed the boys, or sent them away, syn. قَلَبَهُمْ, (S, K,) from the school: (K:) or صَرَفْتُ الصَّبِىَّ I let the boy go his way; and in like manner, الأَجِيرَ the hired man. (Msb.) And صَرَفَ اللّٰهُ عَنْكَ الأَذَى [May God avert from thee harm]. (S.) And ↓ اصطرف وَجْهَهُ (K in art. سفو and سفى) [meaning صَرَفَهُ i. e.] He turned away his face. (TK in that art.) صَرَفَ اللّٰهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ, in the Kur [ix. 128], means God hath made them to err in requital of that which they have done: (M, TA:) or God hath turned them away, or may God turn them away, from belief. (Bd.) And سَأَصْرِفُ عَنْ آيَاتِى, in the Kur [vii. 143], means [in like manner] I will requite by causing to err from the direction of my signs. (O, TA.) [And one says also, صَرَفَهُ إِلَى كَذَا He turned him (i. e. another man, or the like, as in the Kur xlvi. 28), or it (for ex. his mind or intention), to such a thing.] b2: [Hence,] صَرَفَ الكَلِمَةَ, (TA,) inf. n. صَرْفٌ, (O,) He declined, or inflected, the word [i. e. the noun] with tenween. (O, TA.) See also 2. b3: [Hence, also,] الصَّرْفُ means The exchanging, or giving in exchange, gold for silver [and the reverse]: because it is turned (يُصْرَفُ) thereby from one metal to another. (M.) Yousay صَرَفَ الدَّرَاهِمَ He exchanged, or gave in exchange, the dirhems for [other] dirhems or for deenárs. (Mgh.) And صَرَفْتُ الذَّهَبَ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ I exchanged, or gave in exchange, the gold for dirhems: (Msb:) and الدَّرَاهِمَ بِالدَّنَانِيرِ [the dirhems for deenárs]. (S.) b4: It is said in a trad. respecting الشُّفْعَة [or the right of pre-emption], إِذَا صُرِفَتِ الطُّرُوقُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ i. e. When the roads thereof are made distinct [app. by their being turned in different directions, from the house, or piece of land, in question, to the possessions of different proprietors, there is no right of pre-emption]: (TA:) the inf. n. of the verb in this case is صَرْفٌ. (TA.) b5: You say also, صَرَفْتُ المَالَ I expended the property; (Msb;) [and so ↓ صرّفتُهُ; for] التَّصْرِيفُ, (M,) or تَصْرِيفُ الدَّرَاهِمِ, (O,) فِى البِيَاعَاتِ, (M, O, K, *) means the expending of money [in the purchase of articles of merchandise]. (M, O, K. *) b6: And صَرَفْتُ الكَلَامَ I embellished the speech [app. by distorting it, or otherwise altering it]; and ↓ صَرَّفْتُهُ has a similar, but intensive, meaning: (Msb:) or صَرْفُ الحَدِيثِ means the embellishing of discourse, or speech, (A 'Obeyd, S, M, O, K,) by adding in it, (A 'Obeyd, S,) or and adding in it; (M, O, K;) and in like manner صَرْفُ الكَلَامِ: (K: [of which see another explanation voce صَرْفٌ:]) and is [said to be] from الصَّرْفُ in pieces of money, meaning “ the superiority of one over another in value. ” (O, K.) b7: صَرَفَ لِأَهْلِهِ [as though meaning صَرَفَ نَفْسَهُ لِأَهْلِهِ]: see 8. b8: [See also صَرْفٌ, below.]

A2: صَرَفَ الشَّرَابَ, (M, O, K,) inf. n. صُرُوفٌ, (M, TA,) He did not mix the beverage, or wine; (M, O, K, TA;) as also ↓ صرّفهُ, and ↓ اصرفهُ; the last mentioned by Th. (M, TA.) And صَرَفَ الخَمْرَ, (K, TA,) aor. ـِ inf. n. صَرْفٌ, (TA,) [or perhaps this should be صُرُوفٌ, as in the next preceding sentence,] He drank the wine unmixed; (K, TA;) [and so ↓ صَرَّفَهَا; for] تَصْرِيفُ الخَمْرِ, (S, O,) or التَّصْرِيفُ فِى الخَمْرِ, (K,) signifies the drinking of wine unmixed. (S, O, K. [Freytag has erroneously expl. صَرَفَ as meaning simply He drank wine.]) A3: صَرَفَتِ البَكْرَةُ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـِ (S, O,) inf. n. صَرِيفٌ, (S, M, O, K,) The sheave of the pulley caused a sound to be heard on the occasion of the drawing of water: (S, M, * O, K:) and the صَرِيف of the door, and of the tush of the camel, is like that of the sheave of the pulley; (S, O;) [i. e.] the صَرِيف of the door, (M, K,) and of the writingreed (M, Msb) and the like, (M,) is a creaking, or grating; (M, Msb, * K;) and so that of the tush of the camel: (K: [ونابُ البَعِيرِ in the CK is a mistake for ونابِ البعير:]) one says of a man, and of a camel, صَرَفَ بِنَابِهِ, (M, TA,) and صَرَفَ نَابَهُ, (TA,) aor. ـِ inf. n. صَرِيفٌ, He grated his canine tooth [against its opposite] so as to cause a sound to be heard: (M, TA:) the صَرِيف of the stallioncamel is [indicative of] his threatening: (M:) or that of the canine tooth of the she-camel denotes her weariness; and that of the canine tooth of the he-camel, his lust: (IKh, TA:) or the صَرِيف of the stallion is from briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness; and that of the female, from fatigue. (As, TA.) [But] b2: صَرَفَتْ, (IAar, S, M, O, K,) aor. ـِ (S, M, O,) inf. n. صُرُوفٌ (S, M, O, K) and صِرَافٌ, (Lth, Lh, IAar, S, M, O, K,) said of a bitch, (S, O, K,) or of any female having a cloven hoof and of any having a claw, (Lh, M,) or of a ewe or she-goat and of bitch and of a cow, (Lth, TA,) or of any female animal of prey, but mostly of a bitch, (IAar, TA,) signifies She lusted for the male: (Lth, Lh, IAar, S, M, O, K:) and the epithet applied to such an animal is ↓ صَارِفٌ. (Lh, IAar, S, M, O, K.) 2 التَّصْرِيفُ [in its primary acceptation is like الصَّرْفُ in the primary acceptation of the latter, but generally relates to several objects, or is used in an intensive sense]: see 1, first sentence: it signifies The turning of the winds (Lth, O, K, TA) from one state or condition, to another; (O, TA;) or from one direction, or course, or way, to another; (Lth, O, K, TA;) and so of the torrents, and of the horse, and of affairs, and of the verses of the Kur-án; (Lth, TA;) the making of the winds to very, or differ; and so of the clouds; (M;) the changing of the winds to south and north [&c.] and hot and cold [&c.]; (Jel in ii.

159, and xlv. 4;) or the making of the winds to be south and north, and east and west, and to be of various sorts in their kinds: (TA:) or تَصْرِيفُ الآيَاتِ signifies [the varying, or diversifying, of the verses of the Kur-án, by repeating them in different forms; or] the making of the verses of the Kur-án distinct [in their meanings by repeating and varying them, as expl. by many of the expositors in the instances occurring in vi. 46 and 65 and 105, and xlvi. 26]. (O, K.) b2: It signifies also The deriving one word from another [by modification of the form for the purpose of modifying the meaning; including what we term the declining of nouns (like الصَّرْفُ) and the conjugating of verbs]. (O, K.) [The science of التَّصْرِيف in language is commonly termed عِلْمُ

↓ الصَّرْفِ.] b3: In relation to property, or money, see 1, near the middle of the paragraph. b4: And in relation to speech, see 1, near the middle of the paragraph. b5: One says also, صرّف الشَّىْءَ, (M,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) meaning He employed the thing in other [i. e. more] than one way; as though he turned it from one way to another way. (M, TA.) b6: And [hence,] صَرَّفْتُهُ فِى الأَمْرِ, (K,) or فِى أَمْرِى, speaking of a man, (S, O,) i. q. قَلَّبْتُهُ [meaning I employed him to act in whatsoever way he pleased, according to his own judgment or discretion or free will, or I made him a free agent, in the disposal, or management, of the affair, or my affair: or (assumed tropical:) I made him, or employed him, to practise versatility, or to use art or artifice or cunning, in the affair, or in my affair; for the quasi-pass., تصرّف, is said to be from الصَّرْفُ as signifying الحِيلَةُ, and is expl. as syn. with اِحْتَالَ: but the former meaning is the more common: and it is also used as meaning simply I employed him in the managing of the affair, or my affair]. (K.) b7: [Hence also, صرّف الفَرَسَ He exercised the horse.]

A2: صرّف الشَّرَابَ: and صرّف الخَمْرَ: see 1, latter half.3 صَاْرَفَ see 1, third sentence. b2: The inf. n. مُصَارَفَةٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) The dealing, or buying and selling, with any one بِصَرْفٍ [app. meaning with art or artifice or cunning, or it may perhaps mean in the exchanging of money: see صَيْرَفِىٌّ], (KL.) 4 اصرف الشَّرَابَ: see 1, latter half.5 تصرّف [quasi-pass. of 2: thus,] said of a man's face, It turned about; or was, or became, turned about; syn. تقلّب. (Jel in ii. 139.) b2: And It (a thing) was, or became, employed in other [i. e. more] than one way; as though it were turned from one way to another way. (M.) b3: [Hence,] تصرّف فِى الأَمْرِ, (K,) or فِى أَمْرِى, (S,) quasi-pass. of صَرَّفْتُهُ فِيهِ, (S, * O, K,) thus syn. with تقلّب [meaning He acted in whatsoever way he pleased, according to his own judgment or discretion or free will, or as a free agent, in the disposal, or management, of the affair, or my affair; or he was, or became, employed to do so]: (K:) or it is from الصَّرْفُ as signifying الحِيلَةُ; (S, M, TA;) i. e. it means (tropical:) [he practised versatility, or] he used art or artifice or cunning, in the affair, or in my affair; syn. اِحْتَالَ. (TA [and in like manner Bd in xxv. 20: but the former meaning is the more common: see also 8].) [It is also used as meaning simply He employed himself, or was employed, in the managing of the affair, or my affair; because the management of affairs generally requires the practice of versatility, or the use of art or artifice or cunning.]

b4: [Hence also, said of a horse, He was exercised.]7 انصرف, (S, M, O, K,) inf. n. اِنْصِرَافٌ, (O,) and مُنْصَرَفٌ is also sometimes an inf. n. thereof as well as a n. of place, (S,) quasi-pass. of صَرَفَهُ, (S, M,) said of a thing, (M,) or of a man; (S;) as such signifying It [or he] turned, or went, away, or back, from its [or his] way, or course; or was, or became, turned, or sent, or put, away, or back, therefrom; or averted, or repelled, therefrom: (M:) [or shifted from one state, or condition, to another: (see 1, first sentence:)] or i. q. اِنْكَفَّ; so in the copies of the K; but [this is an inadequate explanation;] the right [or better] explanation is انْكَفَأَ [i. e. he, or it, reverted, or returned; or was, or became, turned away or back]; agreeably with what is said in the O. (TA.) ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا in the Kur [ix. 128] means Then they return, or go back, from the place in which they have listened: or then they turn away from doing aught of that which they have heard. (M.) b2: [Accord. to Golius, it signifies also It ran in a small stream; or the like; for he explains it as meaning “ manavit: ” but for this he names no authority. b3: Said of a noun, it means It was inflected, or declined, with tenween.]8 اصطرف (tropical:) He sought, sought after, or sought to gain, sustenance or the like, (M, TA,) and used art or artifice or cunning [in so doing]; (M;) for his family, or household; (M, TA;) as also ↓ صَرَفَ, aor. ـِ you say, صَرَفَ لِأَهْلِهِ [as though meaning صَرَفَ نَفْسَهُ لِأَهْلِهِ] and اصطرف: (M:) or he used art or artifice or cunning (تصرّف) in the seeking of gain: (O, K, TA:) or [meaning thus] you say, اصطرف فِى طَلَبِ الكَسْبِ. (S.) A2: It is also trans.: you say, اصطرف وَجْهَهُ: see 1, first quarter. b2: And اصطرف الدَّرَاهِمَ He procured the dirhems in exchange for [other] dirhems or for deenars. (Mgh.) 10 اِسْتَصْرَفْتُ اللّٰهَ المَكَارِهَ (S, O, K) I begged God to avert from me the things, or events, that are objects of dislike or hatred. (O, K.) صَرْفٌ [as an inf. n.: see 1]. b2: Used as a subst., The evil accidents, mishaps, or calamities, of time, or fortune; [thus expl. as having a pl. signification;] صَرْفُ الدَّهْرِ meaning حَدَثَانُهُ, (S, M, O, K,) and نَوَائِبُهُ, (S, O, K,) or حَوَادِثُهُ; (Msb;) because it [i. e. time, or fortune,] turns things from their way, or course: (M:) [but it seems to be more properly rendered the shifting of fortune, or its shifting about; and to be an inf. n. sometimes used as a simple subst., and therefore having a pl., for] its pl. is صُرُوفٌ. (M, Msb.) In the phrase قَدْ شَحَطَتْ صَرْفُ نَوَاهَا, in a verse of Sakhr-el-Ghei, [ISd says,] he has made it fem. because of its dependance upon النَّوَى [which is fem.; as though the meaning were The afflictions that are the consequence of the course taken by her in her journey have exceeded the bounds of moderation]: (M:) [or it is here made fem. because having the signification of a broken pl., which is fem.:] or the meaning is, قَدْ بَعُدَتْ تَصَرُّفُ وَجْهِهَا الَّذِى أَخَذَتْ فِيهِ [i. e. the shiftingabout of her course that she has taken has become far-extending; صَرْف being thus used as an inf. n.; for the Arabs sometimes make the inf. n. fem., saying أَوْجَعَتْنِى ضَرْبُكَ as well as أَوْجَعَنِى

ضَرْبُكَ; (see EM p. 157;) and this I think the most preferable explanation]. (Skr in his Expos. of the Poems of the Hudhalees, p. 14 of the vol. edited by Kosegarten.) b3: Also Repentance. (S, M, O, Msb, K.) [See a phrase below, in which this and other meanings are assigned to it.] b4: And (tropical:) Art, artifice, or cunning. (Yoo, S, M, O, K, TA.) Hence, in the Kur [xxv. 20], فَمَآ

يَسْتَطِيعُونَ صَرْفًا وَلَا نَصْرًا (tropical:) [And they are not able to put in practice art or artifice or cunning, nor aid]: (S, TA:) or this means and they are not able to avert, or repel, from themselves punishment, (O, K, TA,) nor to aid themselves. (O, TA.) b5: And Excellence, or superiority, of a dirhem, (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) and of a deenár, (M,) over another, (S, M, &c.,) in goodness, (S, Mgh, Msb,) or in value; (M, Mgh, O, K;) as in the saying, بَيْنَ الدِّرْهَمَيْنِ صَرْفٌ [Between the two dirhems is a difference of excellence], because of the [superior] goodness of the silver of one of them: (S:) and in like manner, of speech; (O, K;) as in the saying فُلَانٌ لَا يَعْرِفُ صَرْفَ الكَلَامِ Such a one knows not the excellence of speech over other speech: (O:) and [in like manner] one says, لِهٰذَا عَلَى هٰذَا صَرْفٌ There is, or pertains, to this, an excess, and an excellence, over this; for when one is judged to excel, it, or he, is turned aside from its, or his, likes, or fellows. (O, K. *) b6: And The night; and the day: (K:) [because of their interchanging:] الصَّرْفَانِ signifies the night and the day; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ الصِّرْفَانِ; (K;) the latter accord. to Ibn-'Abbád; (O;) like الصِّرْعَانِ, with kesr also [as well as with fet-h]. (TA.) b7: In the saying (S, M, O, Msb) of the Arabs, (M,) or of the Prophet, (O, Msb,) in a certain trad., (K,) لَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ صَرْفٌ وَلَا عَدْلٌ [Neither صَرْف nor عَدْل shall be accepted from him], (S, M, * O, Msb, *) by صَرْف is meant repentance; (S, M, O, Msb, K;) and by عَدْل, ransom: (M, Msb, K:) or by the former, art, or artifice, or cunning; (Yoo, S, M, O, K;) and by the latter, ransom: (M:) or by the former, acquisition of gain; and by the latter, ransom: (K:) or by the former, a supererogatory act; (A'Obeyd, M, O, K;) and by the latter, an obligatory act: (A'Obeyd, M, K:) or vice versâ: (K:) or by the former, weight; and by the latter, measure: (M, O, K:) or by the former, deviation; and by the latter, a right, or direct, course: (IAar, M:) or by the former, مَا يُتَصَرَّفُ فِيهِ [app. meaning an evasive artifice]; and by the latter, a like: (Th, M:) or by the former, value, or price; and by the latter, a like; the saying originally relating to the bloodwit (الدِّيَة): one says, لَمْ يَقْبَلُوا مِنْهُمْ صَرْفًا وَلَا عَدْلًا, i. e. They did not accept from them a bloodwit, nor did they slay one man for him, of their people, who had been slain; but they required from them more than that; for the Arabs used [often] to slay two men, and three, for one man; when they slew a man for a man, that was العَدْل with them; and when they took a bloodwit, having turned from the blood to another thing, that was صَرْف, i. e. the value, or price, was صَرْف: then the saying was applied in relation to anything, so as to be proverbially used in the case of him who was to render more than was incumbent on him: it has also been said that by صَرْف is meant [in the saying cited above] something additional, or in excess; but this is nought. (M.) صِرْفٌ: see its dual in the next preceding paragraph, near the middle.

A2: Also Pure, unmixed, or free from admixture; (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) applied to wine, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) or beverage, as meaning unmixed, (S, M, O, Msb,) and so ↓ مَصْرُوفٌ, (O, K,) and to other things, (K,) to blood, and to phlegm, (TA,) and to anything (M, Msb) as meaning free from turbid foulnesses: (Mgh, * Msb:) and ↓ صَرِيفٌ likewise signifies anything having in it no admixture. (TA.) A3: And A certain dye, (Msb,) a red dye, (S, O, K,) with which the thongs, or straps, of sandals are dyed, (S, O,) or with which the hide is dyed: (Msb:) or a certain red thing with which the hide is tanned (يُدْبَغُ [perhaps a mistranscription for يُصْبَغُ]). (So in a copy of the M.) الصَّرْفَةُ One of the Mansions of the Moon; [the Twelfth Mansion;] a single very bright star, β of Leo,] (S, O, K, and Kzw in his Descr. of the Mansions of the Moon,) by which are some small evanescent stars; (Kzw;) over against, (بِتِلْقَآء, so in my copies of the S,) or following, (O, K and Kzw ubi suprà,) الزُّبْرَة; (S, O, K, Kzw;) [i. e.] it is a single star behind the خَرَاتَانِ of the Lion; (M;) it is on the hinder part of the tail (ذَنَب) of the Lion; [wherefore it is called by our astronomers Deneb;] and is also called the قُنْب, which means the sheath of the penis, of the Lion: (Kzw in his Descr. of Leo: [in the S and O, erroneously, “the قَلْب of the Lion: ”]) [it rose aurorally, in Central Arabia, about the commencement of the era of the Flight, on the 8th of Sept., O. S.; and set aurorally on the 9th of March:] Ibn-Kunáseh says, (M,) it is called الصَّرْفَةُ because of the turning away of the cold (S, M, O, K) from the heat, (M,) and the coming of the heat, (S, O,) accord. to the [O and] K at its rising, but [as] IB says, correctly because of the turning away of the heat [at its rising], and the coming of the cold: (TA:) [i. e., correctly,] it is thus called because of the turning away of the cold at its setting in the early mornings, and the turning away of the heat at its rising from beneath the rays of the sun in the early mornings: (Kzw in his Descr. of Leo:) when it rises before the dawn, that is the beginning of autumn; and when it sets with the rising of the dawn, that is the beginning of spring. (M.) [Hence,] الصَّرْفَةُ is [called] نَابُ الدَّهْرِ الَّذِى

يُفْتَرُّ, (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K,) or نَابُ الدَّهْرِ الَّذِى يَفْتَرُّ عَنْهُ [The dog-tooth of time, or fortune, which it shows smiling]: for when الصرفة rises, [a mistake for “ sets, aurorally,”] the blossoms come forth and the herbage attains its full height: (M and K in art. فر:) in the T it is said that الصَّرْفَة is called by the Arabs نَابُ الدَّهْرِ [the dog-tooth of time, or fortune,] لِأَنَّهُ يَفْتَرُّ عَنِ البَرْدِ وَعَنِ الحَرِّ فِى

الحَالَتَيْنِ [i. e. because it smiles revealing (the advent of) the cold and (that of) the heat, in its two states (of auroral rising and setting)]. (TA.) A2: صَرْفَةٌ also signifies A certain kind of bead (خَرَزَةٌ); (Lh, S, M, O, K;) mentioned among those by means of which men are captivated, or fascinated, or restrained by women from other women; (S, O, K; *) or by means of which men are conciliated, so as to be turned thereby from their ways of acting or conduct or the like. (Lh, M.) A3: And A bow having upon it a black mark or spot (شَامَةٌ سَوْدَآءُ), the arrows of which, when they are shot, will not hit the object of aim. (O, K.) A4: And one says, حَلَبْتُ النَّاقَةَ صَرْفَةً, meaning I milked the she-camel in the early morning, between dawn and sunrise, and then left her until the like time of the morrow. (O, K. *) الصَّرَفَانُ Death; (M, K;) a name of death. (IAar, O.) A2: And صَرَفَانٌ signifies Lead; syn. رَصَاصٌ: (S, Msb, K:) or رَصَاصٌ قَلْعِىٌّ [q. v.]: (M:) and (K) accord. to Ibn-'Abbád, (O,) copper; syn. نُحَاسٌ. (O, K.) A3: And A sort of dates; (S, M, O, Msb;) a heavy sort of dates: (K:) n. un. with ة: (M:) AHn says, (M, O,) on the authority of certain of the Arabs, (O,) that the صَرَفَانَة is a red date, like the بَرْنِيَّة, (M, O, Msb,) but (M, O) hard to be chewed, (M, O, K,) tough, (M, O,) and the heaviest of all dates: (M, O, Msb:) persons having households and slaves and hired men provide it, because of its satisfying quality, (O, K, [but for لجرآتِهَا in the O, referring to the n. un., and لِجَزَاتِهَا in copies of the K, and لجِزايَتِها in the CK, I read لِجَزَائِهَا, which is evidently the right reading, and agrees with what here follows,]) and its standing in great stead: (O, K:) or it is the [sort of dates called] صَيْحَانِىّ [q. v.]: (K:) AHn says, En-Nowshajánee told me that the صَرَفَانَة is [called] الصَّيْحَانِيَّةُ in El-Hijáz, and in like manner its palm-tree. (O.) صَرَفَانَةٌ رِبْعِيَّهْ تُصْرَمُ بِالصَّيْفِ وَتُؤْكَلُ بِالشَّتِيَّهْ is one of their proverbs [expl. in art. ربع]. (AHn, O, K.) صَرَفِىٌّ A camel of a certain excellent sort; (M, O, K;) a rel. n.: (O, K:) or it is correctly with د; (O, * K;) i. e. صَدَفِىٌّ [q. v.]: (O:) some say that it is with د; and this is the right. (M.) صَرُوفٌ A she-camel that makes a grating, or creaking, sound with her tushes, or canine teeth. (S, O, K.) صَرِيفٌ inf. n. of 1 in the senses expl. in the last sentence but one of the first paragraph [q. v.]. (S, M, &c.) A2: See also صِرْفٌ. b2: Applied to milk, (S, M, O, K,) Just milked; (K;) brought away from the udder while hot, (S, M, O,) when milked. (S, O.) b3: Also Dry سَعَف [or palmbranches]: n. un. with ة: (AHn, M:) [i. e.]

↓ صَرِيفَةٌ signifies a dry سَعَفَة. (K.) And AHn says, (M, O,) in one place, (M,) الصَّرِيفُ signifies, (M, O, K,) as some assert, (O,) What has become dry, of trees; (M, O, K;) like الضَّرِيعُ; (M;) called in Pers\. حُذْخُوش, (so in copies of the K, in the CK خُدْخُوش, and in the O الخَذْخُوَش, [all app. mistranscriptions, for I find nothing like them in Pers\. except partially, i. e. خُوش meaning “ dry,” like خُشْك,]) and also called [in Arabic] القَفْلَةُ [the tree that has become dry]. (O.) [See also صَرِيعٌ, with the unpointed ص.]

A3: Also Silver: so in a verse cited voce إِنْ (page 107, third col.): (ISk, S, O:) or pure silver. (K.) A4: See also the next paragraph.

صَرِيفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

A2: Also A thin, round cake of bread; syn. رُقَاقَةٌ: pl. صُرُفٌ and صِرَافٌ and [coll. gen. n.] ↓ صَرِيفٌ. (K.) خَمْرٌ صَرِيفِيَّةٌ Wine of صَرِيفُونُ, (S, O, K,) a place, (S, O,) i. e. a town, (O,) in El-' Irák, (S, O,) in the Sawád of El-' Irák near 'Okbarà, (O, TA;) not, as it is implied in the K, from another of the same name in Wásit: (TA:) or, as some say, wine just taken from the دَنّ [or jar]; like [as one says] لَبَنٌ صَرِيفٌ. (O, K.) صَرَّافٌ: see صَيْرَفِىٌّ: A2: and see also صَارِفٌ.

صِرِّيفٌ: see the next paragraph.

صَارِفٌ [act. part. n. of 1: as such having, among other meanings, the meaning of Grating, or creaking; or making a grating, or creaking, sound: and so ↓ صَرَّافٌ, but properly in an intensive sense; for] the dual of صَرَّافٌ is used by the poet Aboo-Khirásh as meaning two thongs of a sandal that make a creaking sound: (M:) [and ↓ صِرِّيفٌ likewise means making a creaking sound with the teeth: so accord. to Freytag, from Jereer.] One says, مَا فِى فَمِهِ صَارِفَةٌ, meaning He has not in his mouth a canine tooth [lit. a grater or creaker; for سِنٌّ صَارِفَةٌ a tooth that makes a grating, or creaking, sound]. (M.) A2: See also 1, last sentence.

صَارِفَةٌ: pl. صَوَارِفُ: see تَصَارِيفُ, below.

صَيْرَفٌ One who practices art or artifice or cunning, in the disposal, or management, of affairs; (S, M, O, K;) as also ↓ صَيْرَفِىٌّ; (S, O, K;) which latter is applied by the poet Suweyd Ibn-Abee-Káhil El-Yeshkuree [in the like sense] as an epithet to a tongue, in his saying, وَلِسَانًا صَيْرَفِيًّا صَارِمًا كَحُسَامِ السَّيْفِ مَا مَسَّ قَطَعْ

[And a cunning, sharp tongue, like the edge of the sword, what it touches it cuts]. (S, O.) b2: See also what next follows.

صَيْرَفِىٌّ i. q. ↓ صَرَّافٌ, (S, M, O, Msb,) or صَرَّافُ دَرَاهِمَ, (K,) and so ↓ صَيْرَفٌ, (M, Msb, K,) i. e. A money-changer; (M, Msb, TA;) except that صَرَّافٌ has an intensive signification [app. as meaning a skilful money-changer, and hence it is often used in the present day as meaning a banker]: (Msb:) all are applied to him who knows and distinguishes the relative excellence, or superiority, of pieces of money: (Mgh:) these appellations are from المُصَارَفَةُ, (S, O,) or from التَّصَرُّفُ, (M,) or from صَرْفٌ meaning “ excellence,” or “ superiority,” of one dirhem [or deenár] over another, (Mgh, and Msb on the authority of IF in relation to the first,) because such as excels, or is superior, is turned aside from the deficient: (Mgh:) the pl. is صَيَارِفَةٌ (S, M, O, K) and صَيَارِفُ (M) and صَيَارِيفُ, this last occurring in poetry, (S, M, O, K,) by poetic license, for the sake of the measure. (S, O.) b2: See also صَيْرَفٌ.

تَصَارِيفُ الأُمُورِ [and صَوَارِفُهَا pl. of ↓ صَارِفَةٌ] The varieties, or vicissitudes, of affairs or events. (M, TA.) مَصْرِفٌ A place of turning away or back: [see also مُنْصَرَفٌ:] hence, in the Kur [xviii. 51], وَلَمْ يَجِدُوا عَنْهَا مَصْرِفًا, (TA,) meaning [And they shall not find] a place to which to turn away, or back, from it: (Bd, Jel:) or, a turning away, or back, from it: (Bd:) pl. مَصَارِفُ. (TA.) مَصْرُوفٌ [pass. part. n. of 1: see its verb: b2: and] see مُنْصَرِفٌ: A2: see also صِرْفٌ.

مُتَصَرَّفٌ i. q. مُتَقَلَّبٌ [as meaning Place, or scope, or room, for free action]. (A, voce سَرْبٌ [q. v.]; and so in the Fáïk.) مُتَصَرِّفٌ is an epithet applied to a verb [as meaning That is perfectly inflected], opposed to جَامِدٌ [q. v.]. (TA, voce قَدْ.) b2: [ظَرْفٌ مُتَصَرِّفٌ and طَرْفٌ غَيْرُ مُتَصَرِّفٍ signify the same, respectively, as ظَرْفٌ مُتَمَكِّنٌ and ظَرْفٌ غَيْرُ مُتَمَكِّنٍ: see art. مكن. b3: وَكِيلٌ مُتَصَرِّفٌ, means A factor, an agent, or a deputy, who acts according to his own free will in the disposal, or management, of an affair.]

مُنْصَرَفٌ is a n. of place, [meaning A place of turning away or back, like مَصْرِفٌ,] as well as an inf. n. [of 7]. (S.) مُنْصَرِفٌ and غَيْرُ مُنْصَرِفٍ denote the two different sorts of nouns, (O, K,) meaning, respectively, [like ↓ مَصْرُوفٌ and غَيْرُ مَصْرُوفٍ,] Inflected, or declined, with tenween, and not so inflected or declined. (O, TA.)

سرد

1 سَرڤدَ سَرَدَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. سَرْدٌ, He carried on a thing, or put it forward from one stage to another, in regular order, consecutively, or one part immediately after another, uninterruptedly; he made it consecutive, successive, or uninterrupted, in its progressions, or gradations, or the like: (M, L:) [and so ↓ سرّد, inf. n. تَسْرِيدٌ; or this may have an intensive signification.] b2: You say, سَرَدَ الدِّرْعَ, (A,) [aor. and] inf. n. as above, (S, K,) He fabricated the coat of mail (S, A, K) by inserting the rings one into another: (S, A:) [and so (as appears from an explanation of its pass. part. n.) ↓ سرّدها; or this may have an intensive signification:] and زَرَدَهَا signifies the same. (K in art. زرد.) [See also سَرْدٌ below.] b3: And سَرَدَ الشَّىْءَ (M,) inf. n. as above; (M, K;) and ↓ سرّدهُ, (M,) inf. n. تَسْرِيدٌ; (K;) and ↓ اسردهُ, (M,) inf. n. إِسْرَادٌ; (TA;) He perforated the thing [as one does in fabricating a coat of mail, (see, again, سَرْدٌ, below,) and in sewing leather]: (M, K:) some say that سَرْدٌ signifies the act of perforating. (S.) b4: And سَرَدَ النَّعْلَ وَغَيْرَهَا, [inf. n. as above and سِرَادٌ,] He sewed the sandal &c.; (A;) [as also ↓ سرّد, for] سَرْدٌ (S, K) and سِرَادٌ (K.;) and ↓ تَسْرِيدٌ (S, K) signify the sewing of leather. (S, K.) b5: And سَرَدَ خُفَّ البَعِيرِ, inf. n. سَرْدٌ, i. q. خَصَفَهُ بِالقِدِّ [app. meaning He covered the camel's foot with thongs interwoven]. (M.) b6: and سَرَدَ الحَدِيثَ (M, A, Msb) وَنَحْوَهُ, (M,) aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb,) inf. n. سَرْدٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) and ↓ سرّدهُ; (TA;) (tropical:) He carried on, or continued, uninterruptedly, (S, * M, A, Msb, K, *) and well, (S, K,) the narrative, or tradition, or discourse, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) and the like; (M;) and in like manner,القِرَآءَةَ the recitation, or reading: (A:) from سَرَدَ الدِّرْعَ and النِّعَالَ [or النَّعْلَ, expl. above]: (Har p. 307:) and سَرَدَ القُرْآنَ He carried on, or continued, uninterruptedly and with rapidity the recitation, or reading, of the Kur-án. (M, L.) And سَرَدَ الصَّوْمَ (Sudot;, K *) or الصِّيَامَ, (TA,) and صَوْمَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. سَرْدٌ, (K,) (assumed tropical:) He continued uninterruptedly the fast, (S, K,) and his fast. (K. [See also what next follows.]) A2: سَرِدَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. سَرَدٌ, (TK,) He (a man, TA) fasted uninterruptedly. (K.) 2 سَرَّدَ see the preceding paragraph, in six places.4 أَسْرَدَ see 1.

A2: اسرد النَّخْلُ The palm-trees had hard green dates, which are termed سَرَاد. (K.) 5 تسرّد الدُّرُّ (tropical:) The pearls, or large pearls, followed one another, or did so uninterruptedly, upon the string. (A.) And تسرّد دَمْعُهُ كَمَا يَتَسَرَّدُ اللُّؤْلُؤُ (tropical:) His tears followed one another, or did so uninterruptedly, like as do pearls. (A.) and تسرّد الحَدِيثُ, and, القِرَآءَةُ, (tropical:) The narrative, or tradition, and the recitation, or reading, was carried on, or continued, uninterruptedly [and well: see 1]. (A.) Q. Q. 3 اِسْرَنْدَاهُ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. اِسْرِنْدَآءٌ, (S,) It (a thing, M) prevailed against him, or overcame him; (S, * M, K; *) like اِغْرَنْدَاهُ: (S, * K:) these two are said to be the only verbs of this measure: (TA:) [but several others should be added; as اِعْلَنْدَى and اِكْلَنْدَى and اِغْلَنْتَى:] the ى in اسرندى [and the like] is to render it quasi-coordinate to [quadriliteral-radical verbs of the measure] اِفْعَنْلَلَ. (S.) A rájiz says, قَدْ جَعَلَ النُّعَاسُ يَغْرَنْدِينِى

أَطْرُدُهُ عَنِّى وَيَسْرَنْدِينِى

[Drowsiness was beginning to prevail against me; I driving it from me, and it overcoming me]. (S, M; but in the latter, with أَدْفَعُهُ in the place of أَطْرُدُهُ.) سَرْدٌ inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, M, &c.) [Hence,] وَقَدِّرْ فِى السَّرْدِ, in the Kur xxxiv. 10, means and do thou make a due adaptation of the rings in the fabrication of the coats of mail: (Bd, Jel:) or and do thou properly adapt the nails, or pins, and the holes of the rings, [in the fabrication,] not making the former thick and the latter small, nor the reverse: (M, Bd, * L:) or السَّرْد meansالسَّمْر [i. e. the nailing, or the making firm, or fast, with nails], (Zj, M, L,) in this instance. (Zj, L.) A2: Also (assumed tropical:) Coats of mail; (S, M, L, K;) a gen. n. in this sense: (S, K:) [and a single coat of mail; like زَرْدٌ and زَرَدٌ:] and (tropical:) any other حَلَق [properly signifying rings, but here meaning mail]; (S, A, K;) [i. e.] it signifies also the like of coats of mail, made of حَلَق: (M, L:) [said to be] so called because the two extremities of each ring are perforated by the nail, or pin; and these rings are [termed] ↓ المُسْرَدُ: (L:) [if so, the word is an inf. n. used in the sense of a pass. part. n.,] see مَسْرُودٌ, [and then as a subst.; and, being originally an inf. n., it is used alike as sing. and pl.; or, as Z says,] it is an inf. n. used as a subst.: (A:) or السَّرْدُ, as some say, means السَّمْرُ, [as mentioned above,] and ↓ السَّرَدُ means الحَلَقُ [like الزَّرَدُ]. (M.) A3: Also (tropical:) Consecutive, or following one another: so in the phrase نُجُومٌ سَرْدٌ (tropical:) [Stars that are consecutive: the epithet retaining the masc. sing. form, though applied to a pl. subst., because originally an inf. n.; like عَدْلٌ in the phrase رِجَالٌ عَدْلٌ]. (A.) So too as an epithet applied to three of the sacred months, in the saying, ثَلَاثَةٌ سَرْدٌ وَوَاحِدٌ فَرْدٌ [Three are consecutive and one is separate]: (A:) thus an Arab of the desert answered when asked if he knew the sacred months: (S, M, Msb:) the سرد are Dhu-l-Kaadeh and Dhu-l-Hijjeh and El-Moharram, and the فرد is Rejeb. (S, M.) سَرَدٌ: see السَّرَدُ in the next preceding paragraph.

سَرَادٌ Hard green dates: (K:) and dates that are injured by want of water, (K, TA,) and consequently dry up before ripening: (TA:) or unripe dates that drop before attaining to maturity, while green: n. un. with ة: (AHn, M, TA:) or the latter signifies a date that becomes sweet before it becomes coloured, being such as is termed a بَلَحَة. (M, TA.) [See بُسْرٌ.]

A2: See also مِسْرَدٌ.

A3: [سَرَادٌ and سُرُودٌ said by Golius, and by Freytag after him, to signify the same as the “ Pers\.

رَمِيدَنْ Pavidum fugacemque esse,” as on the authority of the KL, are mistranscriptions for شِرَادٌ and شُرُودٌ, which I find thus expl. in the KL.]

سِرَادٌ: see مِسْرَدٌ سَرِيدٌ: see مِسْرَدٌ in two places.

سِرَادَةٌ The art of fabricating coats of mail; as also زِرَادَةٌ. (TA in art. زرد.) سَرَّادٌ A fabricator of coats of mail; (TA in art. زرد;) i. q. زَرَّادٌ. (M and TA in art. زرد.) b2: And A sewer of leather; (TA;) as also ↓ سَارِدٌ. (AA, L, TA.) سَرْمَدٌ: and سَرْمَدِىٌّ: see art. سرمد.

سَرَنْدًى Strong: (S, M, K:) or bold, daring, brave, or courageous: (M:) and quick in his affairs: (K:) or a man who goes on, or advances, boldly; derived from السَّرْدُ: (Sb, TA:) [accord. to Sb, therefore, this is its proper art; but accord. to the K, its proper art. is سرند, in which F mentions it again: it is perfectly decl., i. e., with tenween, for] the fem, is سَرَنْدَاةٌ. (S, TA.) b2: Also A sword that penetrates the thing that it strikes. (L.) سَارِدٌ: see سَرَّادٌ.

المُسْرَدُ: see سَرْدٌ.

مِسْرَدٌ (S, M, A, L, Msb) and ↓ سِرَادٌ (S, M, A, L) An instrument for perforating: (M, L, Msb:) and, (M,) or as some say, (Msb,) an instrument with which leather is sewed; (S;) syn. مِخْرَزٌ; (M, L, Msb;) or إِشْفًى; which is [said to be] the same thing as the مِخْرَز; (L;) as also ↓ سَرِيدٌ: (K:) or an [instrument of the kind called] إِشْفًى that has a hole at its extremity; (A;) and so ↓ سَرِيدٌ and ↓ سَرَادٌ. (TA: [but the last I think a mistake for سِرَاد.]) b2: [Hence,] one says, هُوَ ابْنُ مِسْرَدٍ, (K,) or هُوَ ابْنُ أُمِّ مِسْرَدٍ, (A,) (tropical:) He is the son of a female slave: (A, K:) because she is a sewer of skins, or leather: (A:) an expression of vituperation. (K.) b3: [Hence, likewise,] مِسْرَدٌ also signifies (tropical:) The tongue. (M, A.) So in the saying, فُلَانٌ يَخْرِقُ الأَعْرَاضَ بِمِسْرَدِهِ (tropical:) [Such a one wounds reputations with his tongue]. (A.) A2: Also A sandal having its لِسَان [or tongue, i. e. the thing projecting in its fore part,] faced with another piece sewed on. (M, L.) مُسَرَّدٌ; and its fem., with ة: see the next paragraph, in three places.

خَرْزٌ مَسْرُودٌ and ↓ مُسَرَّدٌ [app. A sewing of leather or skin carried on in regular and uninterrupted order]. (S. [In one of my copies of the S, I find خَرَز in the place of خَرْز; and so in the L; but the latter appears from the context to be the right reading.]) b2: And likewise دِرْعٌ مَسْرُودَةٌ and ↓ مُسَرَّدَةٌ, (S,) or دِرْعٌ مَسْرُودٌ, and ↓ لَبُوسٌ مُسَرَّدٌ, [though دِرْعٌ and لَبُوسٌ are both generally fem.,] and ↓ لَأْمَةٌ سَرْدٌ, [in which the epithet retains the masc. form because originally an inf. n., like عَدْلٌ in the phrase اِمْرَأَةٌ عَدْلٌ,] A coat of mail fabricated by inserting the rings one into another. (A.) And مَسْرُودَةٌ signifies A coat of mail (دِرْعٌ) perforated [in its rings]. (S.) لُؤْلُؤٌ مُتَسَرِّدٌ (tropical:) Pearls following one another, or doing so uninterruptedly. (A.) And مَاشٍ مُتَسَرِّدٌ (tropical:) One walking, or going, with consecutive, or uninterrupted, steps. (A.) مُسْرَنْدٍ [A thing] that overcomes one. (S.)

سدر

1 سَدِرَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. سَدَرٌ and سَدَارَةٌ, (S, K,) He became dazzled by a thing at which he looked, so that he turned away his face from it: or became confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course: syn. تَحَيَّرَ: (K:) and he (a camel) became dazzled by a thing at which he looked, so that he turned away his face from it, by reason of intense heat: (S, * K:) also, (TA,) or سَدِرَ بَصَرُهُ, (M,) he [app. a man or any animal] was hardly able to see: (M, TA:) or سَدِرَ بَصَرُهُ he was dazzled, or confounded or perplexed, and did not see well; as also ↓ اِسْمَدَرَّ. (A, TA.) [See also سَدَرٌ, below.]

A2: سَدَرَ, (M, K,) or سَدَرَتْ, (S,) aor. ـُ inf. n. سَدْرٌ, (M,) He, or she, let down, let fall, or made to hang down, his, or her, hair; (S, M, K;) and in like manner, a curtain, or veil, (M,) and a garment; (Lh;) a dial. var. of سَدَلَ. (S, K. *) b2: Also سَدَرَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. سَدْرٌ and سُدُورٌ, He rent his garment. (Yaa-koob, M.) 4 اسدرتِ الشَّمْسُ عَيْنَهُ [The sun dazzled his eye, and confused his sight]. (K in art. جهر.) 5 تسدّر بِثَوْبِهِ He covered himself with his garment. (AA.) 7 انسدر It (hair, S, M, K, and a curtain or veil, M) hung down; (S, M, K;) a dial. var. of انسدل. (S, K. *) b2: انسدر يَعْدُو He was somewhat quick, or made some haste, running: (S, M: *) or he went down, or downwards, and persevered (A 'Obeyd, K) in his running, going quickly. (A 'Obeyd.) [In the CK, for يعدو, is put by mistake بَعُدَ.] Q. Q. 4 اِسْمَدَرَّ بَصَرُهُ His sight became weak, in the manner described below, voce سَمَادِيرُ. (S in art. سدر, and M and K in art. سمدر.) It is of the measure اِفْمَعَلَّ, from السَّدَرُ; (IKtt;) the م being augmentative. (S.) See also سَدِرَ. b2: اسمدرّت عَيْنُهُ His eye shed tears; accord. to Lh; but this is not known in the classical language. (M in art. سمدر.) سِدْرٌ [a coll. gen. n., The species of lote-tree called by Linnæus rhamnus spina Christi; and by Forskål, rhamnus nabeca;] the tree, or trees, of which the fruit is called نَبِق and نَبْق: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) sing., (Msb,) or [rather] n. un., (S, M, K,) سِدْرَةٌ: (S, M, Msb, K:) and sometimes سِدْرٌ is used as meaning the smallest or smaller of numbers [generally denoting from three to ten inclusively]: (Ibn-Es-Sarráj, Msb:) AHn says, accord. to Aboo-Ziyád, the سِدْر is of the kind called عِضَاه, and is of two species, عُبْرِىٌّ and ضَالٌ: the عبرى is that which has no thorns except such as do not hurt: the ضال has thorns [which hurt]: the سدر has a broad round leaf: and sometimes people alight and rest beneath a tree of this kind; but the ضال is small: the best نبق that is known in the land of the Arabs is in Hejer (هَجَر), in a single piece of land which is appropriated to the Sultán alone: it is the sweetest of all in taste and odour: the mouth of him who eats it, and the garments of him who has it upon him, diffuse an odour like that of perfume: (M, TA:) it is [also] said that the سدر is of two species; whereof one grows in the cultivated lands, and its leaves are used in the ablution termed غُسْل, and its fruit is sweet; and the other grows in the desert, and its leaves are not so used, and its fruit is juicy: the زُعْرُور is so described that it may be supposed to be the wild نبق: (Msb:) when سِدْرٌ is used absolutely, with relation to the ablution termed غُسْل, it means the ground leaves of the tree so called: (Mgh, * Msb:) the pl. of سِدْرَةٌ is سِدْرَاتٌ and سِدِرَاتٌ and سِدَرَاتٌ (S, K) and سِدَرٌ (S, M, K) and سُدُورٌ, (M, K,) which last is extr. (M.) b2: سِدْرَةُ المُنْتَهَى is said to be The lote-tree in the Seventh Heaven; (Lth, K; *) beyond which neither angel nor prophet passes, and which shades the water and Paradise: (Lth:) in the Saheeh it is said to be in the Sixth Heaven: 'Iyád reconciles the two assertions by the supposition that its root is in the Sixth, and that it rises over the Seventh: accord. to IAth, it is in the furthest part of Paradise to which, as its furthest limit, extends the knowledge of ancients and moderns. (MF, TA.) سَدَرٌ [see 1]. You say, فِى بَصَرِهِ سَدَرٌ, and ↓ سَمَادِيرُ, In his sight is a confusedness, so that he does not see well. (A.) b2: Some say that it signifies An affection resembling vertigo, common to a voyager upon the sea: or [simply] vertigo. (TA in art. بقل.) سَدِرٌ Having his eyes dazzled by a thing, so that he turns away his face from it: or in a state of confusion or perplexity, and unable to see his right course: syn. مُتَحَيِّرٌ: (K:) as also ↓ سَادِرٌ: (S, K:) and the former, a camel having his eyes dazzled by a thing, so that he turns away his face from it, by reason of intense heat: (S:) and also one having his eyes dazzled by snow; as well as by intense heat. (IAar.) b2: عَيْنُهُ سَدِرَةٌ His eye is confused in its vision, or dazzled, so that he cannot see well. (A.) b3: And سَدِرَةٌ means An old and weak she-camel. (IAar, TA in art. سد.) b4: Also سَدِرٌ The sea: (S, M, K:) one of the [proper] names thereof; (S;) occurring only in a poem of Umeiyeh Ibn-Abi-s-Salt: (M:) he says, فَكَأَنَّ بِرْقِعَ وَالمَلَائِكُ حَوْلَهُ سَدِرٌ تَوَاكَلُهُ القَوَائِمُ أَجْرَدُ [And as though the first heaven, with the angels around it, were the sea, the winds deserting it, and smooth]: (S, M, TA: [but in the M and TA, for حَوْلَهُ, we find حَوْلَهَا; and in the S, for أَجْرَدُ, we find أَجْرَبُ, which is inconsistent with the rhyme of the poem:]) by القوائم he means the winds; and by تواكله, [for تَتَوَاكَلُهُ,] تَرَكَتْهُ [or rather تَتْرُكُهُ]: he likens the sky to the sea when calm: (TA:) Th quotes thus: وَكَأَنَّ بِرْقِعَ وَالمَلَائِكُ تَحْتَهَا سَدِرٌ تَوَاكَلُهُ قَوَائِمُ أَرْبَعُ and says that the poet likens the angels, with respect to their fear of God, to a man affected with a vertigo [lit., turning round, though it would seem more appropriate had he said, the poet likens them to a camel so affected, whom his four legs failed: he prefaces this explanation with the words, سَدِرٌ يَدُورُ وَقَوَائِمُ أَرْبَعُ هُمُ المَلَائِكَةُ; to which he or ISd adds, لَا يَدْرِى كَيْفَ خَلْقُهُم: but (using a common phrase of ISd) I can only say, لَا أَدْرِى كَيْفَ هٰذَا; unless there be some omission in the transcription]: (M, TA:) Sgh says that the correct reading is سِدْرٌ, meaning the kind of tree so called, not the sea; and the author of the Námoos adopts his opinion; but MF rejects it: (TA:) some read رَقْعًا [in the place of برقع] and explain it as meaning the seventh heaven. (TA in art. رقع.) سِدْرِىٌّ One who grinds and sells the leaves of the سِدْر. (TA.) [See also سَدَّارٌ.]

سِدَارٌ A thing resembling a [curtain of the kind called] خِدْر: (K:) or resembling a كِلَّة, which is put across a [tent of the kind called] خِبَآء. (M.) سَدَّارٌ A seller of the leaves of the سِدْر. (TA.) [See also سِدْرِىٌّ.]

سَادِرٌ: see سَدِرٌ. b2: Also Losing his way: you say, إِنَّهُ سَادِرٌ فِى الغَىِّ Verily he is losing his way, in error. (A.) And أَتَى أَمْرَهُ سَادِرًا i. e. [He entered into, or did, his affair] in a wrong way. (Ham p. 432.) b3: A man without firmness, or deliberation. (M.) You say, تَكَلَّمَ سَادِرًا He spoke without deliberation. (A.) b4: A man who cares not for anything, nor minds what he does: (S, * M, K:) or one who occupies himself with vain or frivolous diversion. (TA.) سُمْدُورٌ A cloudiness of the eye; (K;) and weakness of sight: (TA:) and سَمَادِيرُ [originally pl. of the preceding, app.,] weakness of sight, (S, M, K,) or something appearing to a man by reason of weakness of his sight, (M, K,) on the occasion of, (S, M,) or [arising] from, (K,) intoxication (S, M, K) by drink &c., (M,) and from [or if the reading in the CK be correct this prep. should be omitted] the insensibility arising from drowsiness and vertigo. (S, K.) The م is augmentative. (S: but the word is mentioned in the M and K in art. سمدر.) See also سَدَرٌ.

A2: Also A king: because the eyes become weak, or dazzled, in consequence of looking at him. (K in art. سمدر.) الأَسْدَرَانِ The shoulder-joints, (S, M, A, K,) and the sides: (S, K:) or (so in the M, but accord. to the K “ and ”) two veins (M, K) in the eye, (M,) or in the two eyes: (K:) or beneath the temples. (M.) Hence the saying جَآءَ يَضْرِبُ

أَسْدَرَيْهِ He came beating (with his hands, TA) his shoulder-joints (S, A, K) and his sides; (S, K;) meaning, (tropical:) he came empty, (S, A, K,) having nothing in his hand, (S,) or having no occupation, (M,) and without having accomplished the object of his desire: (S, K:) and in like manner, أَصْدَرَيْهِ: (S:) and جَآءَ يَنْفُضُ أَسْدَرَيْهِ, (Az,) and أَصْدَرَيْهِ, (TA,) and أَزْدَرَيْهِ, (ISk,) he came shaking his shoulder-joints: (Az:) or his sides: meaning as above. (TA.) مَسْدُورٌ Hair [let down, or made to hang down, or] hanging down; like مَسْدُولٌ. (TA.) مُسْمَدِرٌّ A dazzled eye. (TA in art. سمدر.) A2: A long and direct road. (K ibid.) b2: And hence, (TA ibid.,) (assumed tropical:) Right speech or language. (K and TA ibid.)

سور

1 سَارَ, aor. ـُ (S, M, K,) inf. سُؤُورٌ, (S,) or سَوْرٌ, (M,) or both, (K,) or سَوْرَةٌ, (Mgh,) [but this last is an inf. n. of un.,] He leaped or sprang, (S, M, A, Mgh, K,) إِلَيْهِ to, or towards, him, (S, M, K,) and عَلَيْهِ upon him. (A.) b2: He leaped, or sprang, [or committed an assault, upon another,] like as he does who behaves in an annoying manner towards his cup-companion in his intoxication. (TA. [See also 3.]) b3: [Hence,] سَارَ الشَّرَابُ فِى رَأْسِهِ, (S, M, A, K,) inf. n. سَوْرٌ and سُؤُورٌ (M, K) and سُوُورٌ, agreeably with the root, (M,) and سُوَارٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) [The wine assaulted, or rushed into, his head]: (A:) [or] the wine circulated in his head, and rose into it: (M, K:) or سَارَ الشَّرَابُ, inf. n. سَوْرٌ and سَوْرَةٌ, the wine had an overpowering influence upon the head: (Msb:) and سَارَتْ فِيهِ حُمَيَّا الكَأْسِ the force or overpowering influence, (سَوْرَة,) [or fumes,] of the cup of wine mounted, or rose, to his head, or into his head. (TA in art. حمى.) b4: And سار, aor. as above, (assumed tropical:) He was angry. (Msb.) b5: سار, aor. as above, inf. n. سَوْرٌ, also signifies He (a man) rose, or became elevated. (M.) سُرْتُ إِلَيْهِ فِى أَعَالِى السُّورِ means I rose to him [upon the upper, or uppermost, parts of the wall of the city or town &c.]. (TA.) b6: And one says to a man, سُرْسُرْ [Rise thou, rise thou, to eminence,] in enjoining aspiration to the means of acquiring eminence, or nobility: (IAar, K, * TA:) from سُرْتُ الحَائِطَ, meaning I ascended, or mounted, upon the wall. (TA.) b7: See also 5, in two places.

A2: سُورَبِهِ: see 2 in art. سير.2 سَوَّرَ [سوّر, inf. n. تَسْوِيرٌ, He walled a city or town &c. (See 2 in art. خفر.)] b2: See also 5.

A2: and سَوَّرْتُهُ, [inf. n. as above, (see an ex. voce دَهْقَنَ,)] I put upon him [or decked him with] the سِوَار [or bracelets; or I decked him with bracelets]. (S.) 3 مُسَاوَرَةٌ signifies The leaping, or springing, of two antagonists, each upon the other, or their assaulting, or assailing, each other, in mutual fight. (Har p. 329.) b2: And ساورهُ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. مُسَاوَرَةٌ and سِوَارٌ, (M, K,) He leaped, or sprang, upon him; he assaulted, or assailed, him; syn. وَاثَبَهُ. (S, M, K.) You say, الحَيَّةُ تُسَاوِرُ الرَّاكِبَ [The serpent springs upon, or assaults, the rider]. (A.) And it is said in a trad. of 'Omar, فَكِدْتُ أُسَاوِرُهُ فِى الصَّلَاةِ, meaning And I was near to leaping upon him, or assaulting him, and fighting him, during prayer. (TA.) [See also 1.] You say also, سَاوَرَتْنِى الهُمُومُ (tropical:) [Anxieties assaulted, or assailed, me]. (A.) b3: Also i. q. أَخَذَ بِرَأْسِهِ [which, as it is mentioned immediately after سَوَّارٌ in the last of the senses assigned to that word below, is app. said of speech, or language, meaning (assumed tropical:) It had an overpowering influence upon his head]. (M, K.) 5 تسوّرهُ He ascended, or mounted, upon it; (namely, a wall;) as also ↓ سَارَهُ, inf. n. سَوْرٌ: (TA:) he climbed, ascended, or scaled, it, (namely, a wall,) like a thief; (IAar, S, * M, A, * K, * TA;) as also تسوّر عَلَيْهِ; (M;) and ↓ سَارَهُ, inf. n. as above: (K:) and he climbed, or ascended, and took, it; as also تسوّر عليه, and ↓ سوّرهُ: (TA: [this last from a trad., in which, however, the verb is, in my opinion, probably mistranscribed:]) he climbed, or ascended, its سُور [or wall]. (Bd in xxxviii. 20.) A2: And تسوّر He put on himself [or decked himself with] the سِوَار [or bracelet; or he decked himself with bracelets]. (S.) 6 تَساوُرٌ signifies The leaping, or springing, one with [or upon] another. (KL. [See also 3.]) b2: And تَسَاوَرْتُ لَهَا means رَفَعْتُ لَهَا شَخْصِى [I raised, or elevated, my person to her, or it, or them; or stretched myself up &c.; like تَطَاوَلْتُ]. (TA.) 8 اِسْتَارَ: see اِسْتَرَى in art. سرو, from which it is formed by transposition.

سُورٌ The wall of a city [or town &c.]: (S, M, A, Msb, K:) [properly] masc.; but Ibn-Jurmooz, in a verse, makes it fem., because it is a part of the مَدِينَة: (M:) pl. أَسْوَارٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and سِيرَانٌ. (S, K.) b2: And The upper, or uppermost, part of the head; occurring in a trad., as some relate it; or, accord. to others, it is ↓ سُورَة; or شُؤُون, which is said by some of the later authors to be the reading commonly known. (TA.) A2: See also سُورَةٌ, in three places.

A3: And see سِوَارٌ.

A4: Also An entertainment of a guest or guests; (K;) a repast to which people are invited: (Abu-l-'Abbás, TA:) a Pers\. word, honoured by the Prophet; (K;) i. e. by his saying to his companions, as is related in a trad., قُومُوا فَقَدْ صَنَعَ جَابِرٌ سُورًا [Arise ye, for Jábir has made an entertainment, or a repast]. Abu-l-'Abbás, TA.) A5: [It is also the name of A species of fig, called by Forskål (Flora Aegypt. Arab., pp. cxxiv. and 180,) ficus sur, (not “ mimosa sur,” as in Freytag's Lex.,) observed by him at Jubleh, in El-Yemen.]

سَوْرَةٌ A leap, or spring. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) The assault of wine upon the head; or its rush into the head: and in like manner, the assault, or rush, of venom, such as that of the scorpion: (S:) or the force, or strength, of wine &c.; (M, K, Msb, and MF voce حَدٌّ;) as also ↓ سُوَارٌ; (M, K;) and in like manner, of hunger: (Msb:) the overpowering influence of wine upon the head: (Msb:) or ↓ سُوَارٌ signifies the creeping of wine in the head: and سَوْرَةٌ is said to signify the assault, or force, or intoxicating operation, or overpowering influence upon the head, (حُمَيَّا,) produced by the creeping of wine, in, or through, the drinker: and in like manner, فَرَحٍ ↓ سُوَارُ means (assumed tropical:) a motion of joy like the creeping of wine in the head. (TA.) b3: [(assumed tropical:) A paroxysm of fever. b4: (assumed tropical:) An ebullition, a fierceness, or an impetuousness, of anger; as when] one says إِنَّ لِغَضَبِهِ لَسَوْرَةً (assumed tropical:) [Verily his anger has an ebullition, a fierceness, or an impetuousness]: (S:) [(tropical:) an outburst, or outbreak, of anger: and] (assumed tropical:) anger itself: [or (assumed tropical:) a fit of anger, or irritation:] pl. سَوْرَاتٌ. (Msb.) b5: [(assumed tropical:) The flush, or impetuosity, of youth: see حُمَيَّا.] b6: Impetuousness in war. (A.) [It is said in the TA that فُلَانٌ ذُوسَوْرَةٍ فِى الحَرْبِ meansذُو نَظَرٍ شَدِيدٍ, i. e. Such a one has strong inspection in war: but I think that نَظَرٍ is here a mistranscription for سَطْوٍ, i. e. impetuousness.] b7: Violence, force, or oppression, and tyranny, of a Sultán: (S, K:) and might, or valour, (Msb, TA,) of a Sultán. (TA.) b8: (assumed tropical:) Vehemence, or intenseness, of cold: (K:) or vehement, or intense, cold. (M.) You say, أَخَذَتْهُ السَّوْرَةُ (assumed tropical:) Intense cold seized him. (TA.) b9: See also سُورَةٌ.

سُورَةٌ (tropical:) Eminence, or nobility: (S, A, K:) rank or station: (S, M, A, K:) or high, or exalted, rank or station: (Ibn-Es-Seed:) excellence: (A:) pl. سُوَرٌ and ↓ سُورٌ: [the latter of which is an anomalous pl.; or a coll. gen. n. of which سُورَةٌ is the n. of un., as in another sense mentioned below:] (M:) and سُورَةٌ, (M,) or ↓ سَوْرَةٌ, (K,) a mark, or sign, of glory, honour, dignity, or nobility; and height thereof. (M, K.) You say, لَهُ سُورَةٌ فِى المَجْدِ (tropical:) He has eminence in glory. (A.) And لَهُ سُورَةٌ عَلَيْكَ (tropical:) He has superiority, and rank or station, over, or above, thee; he is of higher rank or dignity than thou. (A.) and سُوَرُ الإِبِلِ, (M,) [in the A سُوَرٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ,] or ↓ سُوْرُ الإِبِلِ, (K,) means (assumed tropical:) The excellent ones of camels: (M, K:) sing. سُورَةٌ, which, accord. to some, signifies hardy and strong. (M.) b2: سُورَةٌ also signifies What is goodly and tall, of structures. (M, K.) b3: And The extremity (حَدّ) of anything. (IAar, TA.) b4: See also سُورٌ. b5: Also A row of stones or bricks of a wall: (L, K: in the L, عَرَقٌ مِنْ أَعْرَاقِ الحَائِطِ: in the K, عَرَقٌ من عُرُوقِ الحائط, or, as in the CK, عِرْقٌ الخ:) any degree (مَنْزِلَة) of a structure: (S:) pl. ↓ سُورٌ, (S, K,) [or this is a coll. gen. n.,] like as بُسْرٌ is of بُسْرَةٌ, (S,) and سُوَرٌ. (K.) b6: Hence its application in relation to the Kur-án, [to signify A chapter thereof,] because each of what are thus called forms one degree, or step, (S, M, * K,) distinct from another, (S, K,) or [leading] to another: (M:) or from the same word signifying “ eminence: ” (IAar:) or as being likened to the wall of a city: (B:) some pronounce it with hemz; (see art. سأر;) but it is more common without: (TA:) pl. سُوَرٌ, (S, Msb,) and سُورَاتٌ and سُوَرَاتٌ are also allowable. (S.) b7: A sign, or token. (IAar, M, K.) You say, بَيْنَهُمَا سُورَةٌ Between them two is a sign, or token. (IAar, M.) سُوَارٌ: see سَوْرَةٌ, in three places: A2: and see what here follows.

سِوَارٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ سُوَارٌ (M, Msb, K) and ↓ إِسْوَارٌ (S, MF, and others) and ↓ أُسْوَارٌ (M, K) A woman's bracelet, (S, * M, Msb, * K,) syn. قُلْبٌ, (M, K, [in the CK, erroneously, قَلْب,]) of silver or of gold; (Zj;) [and a man's bracelet also: see 2 and 5, and see also مُسَوَّرٌ:] all arabicized, from the Pers\. دستوار [دَسْتْوَارْ or دَسْتَوَارْ or دَسْتُوَارْ]: (B, TA:) pl. [of pauc.] of سِوَارٌ, (S, M, Msb,) and of سُوَارٌ, (M,) أَسْوِرَةٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and (pl. pl., M) أَسَاوِرُ, (S, M, K,) accord. to Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà pl. of إِسْوَارٌ, (S,) and أَسَاوِرَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) also pl. of إِسْوَارٌ or أُسْوَارٌ, (M, TA,) or of أَسْوَرَةٌ, or perhaps of أَسَاوِرُ; (S;) and (pl. of mult., M) ↓ سُورٌ, (M, Msb, K,) originally سُوُرٌ, like كُتُبٌ pl. of كِتَابٌ, (Msb,) and سُؤُورٌ, (K, [in a copy of the M سُوُرٌ,]) said by Sb to be used by poetic license. (M, TA.) سَوَّارٌ is an epithet applied to a dog [as meaning Wont to spring or leap or assault]. (A.) b2: and it signifies The lion; (TS, K;) because of his leaping, or springing; (TA;) as also ↓ مُسَاوِرٌ. (TS, TA.) b3: Also One who is wont to leap or spring upon another, or to assault him; (S;) who behaves in an annoying manner towards his cupcompanion in his intoxication; (S, A, Mgh;) who assaults [or insults] his cup-companion when he drinks. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) One into whose head wine quickly rises: (M, K:) as though it were he himself that rose. (M.) b5: And (assumed tropical:) Speech, or language, that has an overpowering influence upon the head (الَّذِى يَأْخُذُ بِالرَّأْسِ). (M, K.) سُوَّارَى Height: so expl. by Th as used in the saying, كَمَا تُحِبُّ فرَخَهَا الحُبَارَى أُحِبُّهُ جُبًّا لَهُ سُوَّارَى

[I love him with a love that has height (i. e. rising to a high degree), like as the bustard loves her young one]: meaning that the bustard is stupid, and, when she loves her young one, is excessive in stupidity. (M.) أُسْوَارٌ: see the next paragraph: A2: and see also سِوَارٌ.

إِسْوَارٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ أُسْوَارٌ (S, M, K) The leader of the Persians; (M, A, Msb, K;) like the أَمِير among the Arabs: (Msb:) or their greatest king: arabicized [from the Pers\. سُوَارْ]: (TA: [but said in the A to be tropical:]) or a horseman of the Persians, (A 'Obeyd, S, TA,) who fights: (A 'Obeyd, TA:) or one who is firm on the back of his horse: (K:) or one who excels in sitting firmly on the back of his horse: (M:) or (so in the M, but in the A and K “ and ”) one who is skilful in shooting arrows: (M, A, K:) pl. أًَسَاوِرَةٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and أَسَاوِرُ; (M, K;) in the former of which the ة is to compensate for the ى of the original form, which is أَسَاوِيرُ. (S.) b2: See also الخَضَارِمَةُ.

A2: And see سِوَارٌ.

مِسْوَرٌ A leathern pillow, upon which one leans, or reclines; as also ↓ مِسْوَرَةٌ: (M, K:) pl. مَسَاوِرُ. (TA.) مِسْوَرَةٌ: see what next precedes.

مُسَوَّرٌ [Decked with a bracelet or bracelets. and hence,] (tropical:) Made a king [or chief]. (A, TA. [See دَهْقَنَ.]) b2: And The place of the bracelet; (M, K;) like as مُخَدَّمٌ signifies the “ place of the خَدَمَة. ” (M.) مُسَاوِرٌ: see سَوَّارٌ.

حلو

1 حَلَا, aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K;) and حَلِىَ, aor. ـَ and حَلُوَ, aor. ـُ (K;) inf. n. حَلَاوَةٌ (S, Msb, K) and حَلْوٌ and حُلْوَانٌ; (K;) It (a thing, S, Msb) was, or became, sweet; (S, K;) as also ↓ احلولى; (S, K;) or this latter signifies it was, or became, very sweet. (TA.) And in like manner, حَلَالِى [It was, or became, sweet to me]. (Msb.) and حَلُوَتِ الفَاكِهَةُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. حَلَاوَةٌ, [The fruit was, or became, sweet.] (TA.) b2: حَلِىَ بِعَيْنِى (S, Msb, K) and فِى عَيْنِى (S) and بِصَدْرِى (S, Msb) and فِى صَدْرِى (S) and بِقَلْبِى, (K,) aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K;) and حَلَا, aor. ـُ (S, K;) inf. n. حَلَاوَةٌ (S, Msb, K) and حُلْوَانٌ; (K;) He, (S,) or it, (Msb,) pleased me, or excited my admiration; (S, Msb;) was goodly, or beautiful, in my estimation: (Msb:) or one says, حَلِىَ فِى عَيْنِى (Lth, As, S, K *) or فِى صَدْرِى, (As, TA,) aor. ـَ inf. n. حُلْوَانٌ; (Lth, TA;) and حَلَا فى فَمِى, (Lth, As, S, K, *) aor. ـُ inf. n. حَلْوٌ (Lth, TA) and حَلَاوَةٌ. (TA.) تَحْلَى بِهِ العَيْنُ is an inverted phrase, used by a poet, for يَحْلَى بِالْعَيْنِ. (S.) It has been said that حَلِىَ فِى عَيْنِى (ISd, and K in art. حلى) and فِى صَدْرى (ISd) is from الحَلْىُ, (ISd, K,) meaning the thing that is worn, because it signifies It was beautiful in my eye, like the حَلْى; not from حَلَاوَةٌ; (ISd, and TA in art. حلى;) but this saying is not valid, nor approved. (TA in the present art.) Accord. to Lh, one says, حَلِيَتِ المَرْأَةُ بِعَيْنِى and فِى عَيْنِى, and بِقَلْبِى and فِى قَلْبِى, aor. ـَ inf. n. حَلَاوَةٌ; and حَلَتْ, aor. ـُ inf. n. حَلَاوَةٌ; [The woman was pleasing in my eye, and in my mind, or heart.] (TA.) b3: مَايَمُرُّ وَمَا يَحْلُو (tropical:) He is not bitter at one time, and he is not sweet at another. (IAar, K, TA. [In some copies of the K, وَلَا يَحْلُو.]) and أَمَرُّ وَأَحْلُو and أَمُرُّ وَأَحْلُو (tropical:) I am bitter at one time, and I am sweet at one time. (IAar, M in art. مر.) [See also 4.]

A2: حَلِىَ الشَّىْءَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. حَلَاوَةٌ; (TK;) and ↓ استحلاهُ, (S, Msb, K,) from الحَلَاوَةُ, like استجادهُ from الجَوْدَةُ, (S,) [the most common form,] and ↓ تحلّاهُ, (K,) and ↓ احلولاهُ, (S, K,) which is the only trans. verb of its measure except one other, in the phrase اِعْرَوْرَيْتُ الفَرَسَ; (S;) all signify the same; (K;) He esteemed the thing sweet [both properly and metaphorically as is indicated in the TA]: (Msb in explanation of the second of these verbs, and TK in explanation of all of them:) and [in like manner] ↓ أَحْلَيْتُهُ I found it to be sweet: (S, K:) or this signifies I made it sweet: (K:) or it has both of these significations: (S:) you say, أَحْلَيْتُ هٰذَا المَكَانَ, meaning ↓ اِسْتَحْلَيْتُهُ [I esteemed, or found, this place to be sweet, or pleasant]. (TA.) And حَلِيَتْهُ العَيْنُ [The eye esteemed, or found, him, or it, to be pleasing, or goodly, or beautiful]. (IAar, TA in art. حلى.) b2: حَلِىَ مِنْهُ بِخَيْرٍ, (K,) aor. ـَ (TA;) and حَلَا, (K,) aor. ـُ (TA;) He found, or experienced, or he got, or obtained, from him, or it, good. (K.) [See also 1 in art. حلى.]

A3: حَلَاهُ الشَّىْءَ, (Msb, * K,) or حَلَاهُ كَذَا مَالًا, (S,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. حَلْوٌ (S, K [in the CK حُلْو]) and حُلْوَانٌ, (S,) He gave him (S, Msb, K) the thing, (K,) or such a piece of property, [as a gratuity,] for something that he had done; not as hire, or pay, or wages. (S.) b2: Yousay also حَلَوْتُ meaning I bribed another; gave him a bribe. (TA.) b3: And ↓ لَأَحْلُوَنَّكَ حُلْوَانَكَ I will assuredly give thee thy requital. (IAar, K.) b4: حُلْوَانٌ also signifies A man's taking for himself a portion of the dowry of his daughter: an act for which the Arabs used to reproach him who did it. (S, Msb.) You say, حَلَاهُ, inf. n. حَلْوٌ [in the CK حُلْوٌ, and حُلُوٌّ also,] and حُلْوَانٌ, He gave him in marriage his daughter, or his sister, (K, TA,) or any woman, (TA,) for a certain dowry, on the condition that he should assign to him a certain portion of it. (K, TA.) A4: حَلَوْتُ المَرْأَةَ i. q. حَلَيْتُهَا, i. e. I assigned, or gave, to the woman حُلِىّ [or ornaments]. (S.) 2 حلّاهُ, (S, K, [erroneously written in the CK without the sheddeh,]) inf. n. تَحْلِيَةٌُ, (K,) He made it sweet; (S, K;) namely, food; (S;) or a thing; (K;) as also ↓ احلاهُ: (S:) and so حَلَّأَهُ, which is anomalous: (K:) sometimes they said, حَلَّأْتُ السَّوِيقَ [I sweetened the meal of parched barley, or the mess made thereof]; pronouncing with hemz that which is not [properly] with hemz: (S:) this is said by Lth to be a mistake on their part. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] حَلَّيْتُ الشَّىْءَ فِى عَيْنِ صَاحِبِهِ [I made the thing to seem pleasing, or goodly, or beautiful, in the eye of its possessor]. (S.) 3 حَالَيْتُهُ, (inf. n. مُحَالَاةٌ, TK,) (tropical:) I jested, or joked, with him. (S, K, TA.) 4 أَحْلَوَ see 2. b2: Hence, (TA,) مَا أَمَرَّ وَمَاأَحُلَى (assumed tropical:) He said not anything: (S, TA:) or the meaning is similar to that of the phrase next following. (TA.) مَا يُمِرُّ وَمَا يُحْلِى (assumed tropical:) He says not a bitter thing nor a sweet thing: and he does not a bitter thing nor a sweet thing. (K.) [See a similar phrase near the middle of the first paragraph.] b3: See also another signification in the first paragraph. b4: مَا أَحْلَاهُ [How sweet, &c., is it!] is said by some to be an instance of a verb having a dim. form; so that you say, ↓ مَا أُحَيْلَاهُ [How very sweet, &c., is it!]; like مَا أُمَيْلِحَهُ [q. v.]. (TA in art. ملح.) 5 تحلّاهُ: see 1.6 تَحَالَتْ She (a woman) affected, or made a show of, sweetness, and self-conceitedness. (S.) 8 احتلى لِينَفَقَةِ امْرَأَتِهِ, and لِمَهْرِهَا, He exercised art, or ingenuity, for [the purpose of procuring] the expenses of his wife, and her dowry: one says, اِحْتَلِ فَتَزَوَّجْ [Exercise thou art, &c., and marry]. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَحْلَوَ see 1, in two places. b2: استحلاهُ also signifies He sought [to elicit] its, or his, sweetness. (TA.) 12 احلولى: see 1, first sentence. b2: [Hence,] said of a man, He was, or became, sweet in disposition. (IAar.) A2: احلولاهُ: see 1.

حَلًا A medicine mixed, or moistened, with water or the like. (K.) حُلْوٌ Sweet; contr. of مُرٌّ; (S, K;) i. e., in the mouth: and in like manner, in the eye [meaning pleasing, or goodly, or beautiful: see 1]: (TA:) applied also to a saying, and to an action: (K:) fem. with ة. (Msb.) And الحُلْوُ الحَلَالُ (assumed tropical:) Language in which is nothing that induces doubt, or suspicion: (K and TA in art. حل:) and the man in whom is nothing that induces doubt, or suspicion. (TA in the present art.) And حُلْوٌ, also, applied to a man, (assumed tropical:) One who is excited to briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness, (يُسْتَخَفٌّ,) and is esteemed pleasing, or goodly, or beautiful, in the eye; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ حَلُوٌّ: (IAar, K:) the fem. is حُلْوَةٌ: the pl. masc. حُلْوُونَ, and pl. fem.

حِلْوٌ: (K:) there is no broken pl., masc. or fem. (TA.) حُلْوٌ A small حَفّ [q. v., in the CK, erroneously, خُفّ,] with which one weaves: (K, TA:) or the wooden thing which the weaver turns round: [app. meaning the yarn-beam, upon which the yarn is rolled; termed حَفَّةٌ:] the poet Shemmákh likens the tongue of a braying [wild] ass to a حِلْو that has slipped from the back of a loom. (TA.) حَلْوَى: see حَلْوَآءُ.

حُلْوَى: see أَحْلَى.

حَلْوَآءُ and ↓ حَلْوَى, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) the latter mentioned by As, of the fem. gender, (TA,) [Sweetmeat; as also ↓ حَلَاوَةٌ; (see حَلَّآءٌ, below;) this last and حَلْوَى used in this sense in the present day;] an eatable, (T, S, M, Msb,) well known, (K,) prepared with sweetness; (T, M, Msb;) said to be peculiarly applied to such as is prepared with art [as distinguished from such as in naturally sweet]: (TA:) the حلواء mentioned in a trad. is said to be that which is termed مَجِيع [made of dates kneaded with milk]: (MF, TA:) the pl. of حَلْوَى is حَلَاوَى, with fet-h to the و. (Msb.) b2: The former is also applied by some to Fruit: syn. فَاكِهَةٌ: (T, TA:) or both, (K,) or the former, (TA,) to sweet fruit. (K, TA.) A2: See also حُلَاوَة.

حُلْوَانٌ is a subst. [as well as an inf. n.], signifying A gift: (Msb:) [a gratuity: so in the present day:] the hire, or pay, of a broker; (Lh, K;) and of a diviner, (As, S, * Msb, * K,) for divination, (As,) which is forbidden in a trad.: (S, Msb:) and a requital; see 1. (IAar, K.) Also The dowry, or nuptial gift, of a woman: (Msb, K:) [or a portion thereof which the father or guardian of the bride used, in some cases, to take for himself; see 1:] or a gift to a woman in consideration of having her as a wife during a certain fixed period; (K;) according to a practice obtaining in Mekkeh: (TA:) or a gift of the nature of a bride. (K.) حَلُوٌّ: see حُلْوٌ. b2: نَاقَةٌ حَلُوَّةٌ: see the next paragraph.

قَوْلٌ حَلِىٌّ A saying sweet in the mouth. (K.) b2: نَاقَةٌ حَلِيَّةٌ (Lh, M, K) and ↓ حَلُوَّةٌ, (K,) the latter is the original form [but app. obsolete], (Lh, M,) A she-camel eminent, (Lh, M,) or perfect, (K,) in pleasingness, or goodliness, or beauty: (Lh, M, K:) or pleasing in appearance and pace. (TA in art. علو.) حُلَآءَةُ القَفَا: see حُلَاوَة.

حَلَاوَةٌ Sweetness; contr. of مَرَارَةٌ. (TA.) [See 1, of which it is an inf. n.] b2: See also حَلْوَآءُ.

A2: أَرْضٌ حَلَاوَةٌ Land that produces herbs, or leguminous plants, of the kind termed ذُكُور [q. v.]. (K.) A3: See also what next follows.

حُلَاوَةُ القَفَا (T, S, Msb, K) and القفا ↓ حَلَاوَةُ, (IAth, K,) but this is said by Ks to be unknown, (TA,) and القفا ↓ حِلَاوَةُ (IAth) and القفا ↓ حُلَآءَةُ, (K, TA,) with damm, mentioned by Lh, (TA, [in the CK حَلاءَة,]) and القفا ↓ حَلْوَآءُ (Sgh, K) and القفا ↓ حُلَاوَى and القفا ↓ حَلَاوَآءُ, (S, K,) The middle of the back of the neck: (T, S, Msb, K:) or, as some say, the [small protuberance termed]

فَأْس of [or rather above] the back of the neck. (T.) A2: حُلَاوَةٌ is also said to signify the same as حُلَآءَةٌ, i. e. What is rubbed between two stones, to be used as a collyrium. (TA. [See the latter of these two words in art. حلأ.]) حِلَاوَةُ القَفَا: see the next preceding paragraph.

حُلَاوَى A certain plant: (S:) or a certain small tree, (K,) of the kind termed جَنْبَة, evergreen: (TA:) and, (K,) or, as some say, (TA,) a certain thorny plant, (K,) having a yellow flower, and small round leaves like those of the سَذَاب [or rue]: (TA:) a species of plant found in the desert: (T, TA:) pl. حُلَاوَى, (K,) like the sing., (TA,) and, (K,) or, as some say, (TA,) حُلَاوَيَاتٌ. (K.) It has been said that the sing. is حَلَاوِيَةٌ, like رَبَاعِيَةٌ: but Az says that this was not known by him: As mentions, as of the measure فُعَالَى, the words خُزَامَى and رُخَامَى and حُلَاوَى: each the name of a plant. (TA.) A2: حُلَاوَى القَفَا: see حُلَاوَة.

حَلَاوَآءُ القَفَا: see حُلَاوَة.

حَلَّآءٌ A maker and seller of حَلَاوَة [or sweetmeat]. (TA.) أَحْلَى More, and most, sweet, both properly and metaphorically:] ↓ حُلْوَى is [its fem.,] the contr. of مُرَّى: you say, خُذِ الحُلْوَى وَأَعْطِهِ المُرَّى

[Take thou the sweeter, or sweetest, and give to him the bitterer, or bitterest]. (S.) مَا أُحَيْلَاهُ: see 4, last sentence.

فتح

1 فَتَحَ, (S, A, MA, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. فَتْحٌ, (Msb,) He opened, (MA,) i. q. فَرَجَ, (Msb,) and [app. he unlocked,] contr. of أَغْلَقَ, (Msb, K,) a door; (S, A, MA, Msb;) and so ↓ فتّح, and ↓ افتتح; (K;) or you say ↓ فَتَّحْتُ الأَبْوَابَ [I opened the doors], this verb being with teshdeed to denote multiplicity [of the objects]; (S;) and ↓ استفتح signifies the same as ↓ افتتح; (S, * K;) i. e. each of these signifies he opened a door; (TK;) you say الشَّىْءَ ↓ اِسْتَفْتَحْتُ and ↓ اِفْتَتَحْتُهُ [I opened the thing; and the former signifies also I sought, or demanded, the opening of the thing]; (S, TA;) and البَابَ ↓ جَآءَ يَسْتَفْتِحُ [He came opening the door; or seeking, or demanding, the opening of the door; the latter being the more obvious meaning]. (A, TA.) b2: [Hence,] one says, فُلَانٌ لَا يُفْتَحُ العَيْنُ عَلَى مِثْلِهِ [Such a one, the eye will not be opened upon the like of him]. (A.) b3: And فَتَحْتُ القَنَاةَ, inf. n. as above, I opened the conduit, in order that the water might run, and irrigate the seed-produce. (Msb.) b4: And فَتَحَ بَيْنَ رِجْلَيْهِ [He made an opening between his legs; he parted his legs; like فَرَجَ بَيْنَهُمَا]. (S in art. رهو.) b5: And فَتَحَ أَصَابِعَ رِجْلَيْهِ [app. He parted his toes; if not a mistake for فَتَخَ, as it seems probably to be from the fact of its being expl. as meaning] he inclined the ends of his toes towards the back, i. e. the upper part, of his foot. (Mgh.) b6: فَتَحَتْ, said of a she-camel, [and of a sheep or goat (see فَتُوحٌ),] She had wide orifices to her teats; as also ↓ افتحت; (S, K;) and ↓ افتتحت. (TK: but this I do not find in the K.) b7: [The following meanings are tropical.] b8: فَتَحَ, (A, Msb, TA,) inf. n. فَتْحٌ; (K;) and ↓ افتتح; (K, TA;) (tropical:) [He laid open by invasion, to (عَلَى) such a person, or such a people, (see an ex. voce طَرَفٌ,) i. e.] he conquered, won, or took by force, (Msb,) a country (A, Msb, K, TA) of the unbelievers, (A, TA,) or of a people with whom there was war. (K, TA.) b9: [فَتَحَهُ لَهُ (assumed tropical:) He granted it, permitted it, allowed it, or made it to be unrestricted, to him. See Ksh and Bd in xxxv. 2.] b10: فَتَحَ المُشْكِلَ (assumed tropical:) He explained, or made clear, that which was dubious, or confused. (Bd in vii. 87.) And اِفْتَحْ سِرَّكَ عَلَىَّ لَا عَلَى فُلَانٍ (tropical:) [Open, or reveal, thy secret to me; not to such a one]. (A, TA.) b11: [Hence,] فَتَحَ عَلَيْهِ (tropical:) He taught him, informed him, or acquainted him. (TA.) [You say, فَتَحَ عَلَيْهِ بِكَذَا (assumed tropical:) He taught him such a thing, informed him of it, or acquainted him with it.] b12: And hence, (TA,) (tropical:) [He prompted him; i. e.] he recited to him (namely, an Imám, A, Msb, or a reciter, A, TA) what he was unable to utter [by reason of forgetfulness], in order that he might know it. (Msb, TA. *) And فَتَحَ عَلَى مَنِ اسْتَقْرَأَهُ (tropical:) [He recited something to him who desired him to do so, the latter being unable to do it]. (TA.) b13: And, said of God, (tropical:) He aided him against his enemy; or made him to be victorious, to conquer, or to overcome; syn. نَصَرَهُ. (A, Msb.) b14: فُتِحَ عَلَى فُلَانٍ (tropical:) Such a one became fortunate; possessed of good fortune; favoured by the world, or by worldly circumstances. (A, TA.) b15: فَتَحَ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِمْ فُتُوحًا كَثِيرَةً (tropical:) is said of persons who have been rained upon [as meaning God bestowed upon them many, or abundant, first rains]. (A.) b16: فَتَحَ بَيْنَهُمْ, (A,) or بَيْنَ النَّاسِ, (Msb,) or بَيْنَ الخَصْمَيْنِ, (K,) inf. n. فَتْحٌ, (T, Msb, K,) and فُتَاحَةٌ (S, * K) and فِتَاحَةٌ are syn. therewith [app. as inf. ns.], (K,) and فُتُوحَةٌ and فِتَاحٌ, (L,) in the dial. of Himyer, (TA,) He judged (T, Msb, K, TA) between them, (A,) or between the men, (Msb,) or between the two litigants. (K.) You say, اِفْتَحْ بَيْنَنَا Judge thou between us: (S:) thus in the Kur vii. 87. (TA.) And مَا أَحْسَنَ فِتَاحَتَهُ How good is his judging, or judgment ! (A.) b17: [فَتَحَ الحَرْفَ, a conventional phrase in grammar and lexicology, He pronounced the letter with the vowel-sound termed فَتْح: and he marked the letter with the sign of that vowel-sound.]2 فتّح: see 1, first sentence, in two places. b2: [Also, said of a medicine &c., It opened the bowels; acted as an aperient: and it removed obstructions: see the act. part. n.]3 فاتحهُ [He addressed him first]. One says, المُلُوكُ لَا تُفَاتَحُ بِالكَلَامِ (tropical:) [Kings shall not be addressed first with speech]. (A.) b2: And, (A, K, * TA,) inf. n. مُفَاتَحَةٌ and فِتَاحٌ, (assumed tropical:) He commenced a dispute, debate, discussion, or controversy, with him: (TA:) or (tropical:) he summoned him to the judge, and litigated with him. (A, K, * TA.) b3: And فاتحهُ signifies also (tropical:) He bargained with him and gave him nothing: in the case of his giving him, one says فاتكهُ. (IAar, TA; and O and K in art. فتك.) b4: And فاتح (assumed tropical:) He compressed (K, TA) his wife. (TA.) b5: [Also (assumed tropical:) He rendered a thing easy: b6: and (assumed tropical:) He was liberal. (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees.)]4 أَفْتَحَ see 1, in the second quarter of the paragraph.5 تَفَتَّحَ see 7, in three places. [Hence,] تفتّح النَّوْرُ The blossom [or blossoms] opened. (MA.) and تفتّح الأَكِمَّةُ عَنِ النَّوْرِ The calyxes burst open [from over the blossoms, so as to disclose them]. (TA.) b2: [تفتّح فِى الكَلَامِ is like our phrase (assumed tropical:) He showed off, or made an ostentatious display, in speech, or talk.] And you say, تفتّح بِمَا عِنْدَهُ مِنْ مَالٍ أَوْ أَدَبٍ (L, in the K مِنْ مُلْكٍ وَأَدَبٍ,) (assumed tropical:) He boasted of, or boasted himself in, or made a vain display of, what he had, or possessed, of wealth, or of good education, or polite accomplishments: (L, K: *) and تفتّح بِهِ عَلَيْنَا (assumed tropical:) He boasted of it, or boasted himself in it, against us. (L.) 6 تَفَاتَحَا كَلَامًا بَيْنَهُمَا (assumed tropical:) They two talked together with a suppressed voice, exclusively of others [i. e. so as not to be heard by others]. (K.) 7 انفتح quasi-pass. of فَتَحَ, said of a door, (S, A, Msb, TA,) It opened, or became opened or open; (Msb;) as also ↓ تفتّح: (TA:) or the latter is quasi-pass. of فَتَّحَ, so that you say, الأَبْوَابُ ↓ تَفَتَّحَتِ [The doors opened, or became opened or open]. (S.) b2: And انفتح عَنْهُ It (anything) became removed from over it, or from before it, (i. e. another thing,) so as to disclose it, or expose it to view. (TA.) [And ↓ تفتّح has a similar meaning, but is properly said of a number of things.]8 إِفْتَتَحَ see 1, first sentence, in three places; and again, in the second quarter of the paragraph, in two places. b2: One says also, افتتح الصَّلَاةَ (tropical:) (A, MA) He opened, or commenced, prayer: (MA:) اِفْتِتَاحُ الصَّلَاةِ meaning (tropical:) The saying اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرْ the first time [in prayer, i. e., before the first recitation of the Opening Chapter of the Kur-án]. (TA.) And اِفْتَتَحْتُهُ بِكَذَا (assumed tropical:) I commenced it with such a thing. (Msb.) And مَا أَحْسَنَ مَا افْتُتِحَ عَامُنَا بِهِ (tropical:) [How good is that with which our year has commenced !]; said when the sign, or token, [or prognostic,] of plenty, or abundance of herbage, has appeared. (A, TA.) 10 إِسْتَفْتَحَ see 1, first sentence, in three places. b2: آتِى بَابَ الجَنَّةِ فَأَسْتَفْتِحُ is a saying of Mohammad, meaning I shall come to the gate of Paradise and seek, or demand, or ask for, the opening thereof. (El-Jámi' es-Sagheer, the first of the trads. mentioned therein, and thus expl. in the margin of a copy of that work.) b3: استفتحهُ القُرْآنَ (tropical:) He desired, or asked, him to explain the Kur-án. (MA.) b4: استفتحهُ الإِمَامُ (tropical:) [The Imám desired, or asked, him to prompt him; i. e., to recite to him what he was unable to utter by reason of forgetfulness: see فَتَحَ عَلَيْهِ]. (A, TA.) b5: And استفتح signifies also (assumed tropical:) He sought, desired, demanded, or asked, aid against an enemy, or victory. (S, Msb, K.) One says, استفتح بِهِمْ (assumed tropical:) He sought, &c., aid, or victory, by means of them. (L, from a trad.) And استفتح اللّٰهَ (tropical:) (A, TA) He desired, or asked, God to grant aid, or victory, (TA,) لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى الكُفَّارِ [to the Muslims against, or over, the unbelievers]. (A.) b6: Also (assumed tropical:) He sought, desired, demanded, or asked, judgment. (L.) فَتْحٌ inf. n. of فَتَحَ [q. v.]. (Msb, &c.) b2: [As a subst.,] (tropical:) Conquest of a country: (K, TA:) pl. فُتُوحٌ (TA) [and pl. pl. فُتُوحَاتٌ]. يَوْمٌ الفَتْحِ means particularly (assumed tropical:) The day of the conquest of Mekkeh: (L:) and also (assumed tropical:) The day of resurrection. (Mujáhid, L.) b3: (assumed tropical:) Aid against an enemy; or victory; syn. نَصْرٌ; as also ↓ فَتَاحَةٌ. (K.) b4: (assumed tropical:) Means of subsistence, with which God gives aid: pl. as above. (TA.) b5: (tropical:) The first of the rain called الوَسْمِىّ; (L, K;) as also ↓ فَتُوحٌ [which see again in what follows]: (K:) or the first of any rain; as also ↓ فُتْحَةٌ: (L:) pl. of the first فُتُوحٌ, (A,) or ↓ فَتُوحٌ, with fet-h to the ف, (L,) [see the mention of this voce فَيْحٌ,] but MF strongly reprobates this latter form, and observes that فَعُولٌ as a pl. measure is absolutely unknown. (TA.) One says, أَصَابَتِ الأَرْضُ فُتُوحٌ (tropical:) [First rains fell upon the land]. (A.) b6: (tropical:) Water running (S, K, TA) from a spring or other source: (S, TA:) or water running upon the surface of the earth: (AHn, TA:) or water for which a channel is opened to a tract of land for its irrigation thereby: (L:) or a river, or rivulet, or canal of running water. (T, TA.) مَا سُقِىَ بِالفَتْحِ فَفِيهِ العُشْرُ, and مَا سُقِىَ فَتْحًا, (L,) فَتْحًا being here in the accus. case as an inf. n., i. e. مَا فُتِحَ إِلَيْهِ مَآءُ الأَنْهَارِ فَتْحًا, (Mgh, L, *) occurring in a trad., means In the case of that (relating to the several sorts of seed-produce, and palm-trees,) which is irrigated by means of the channel opened to conduct to it the water of the river [or rivers], the tithe [of the produce shall be taken]. (L.) b7: The place of insertion of the tang of the iron head that enters into the shaft of an arrow: (K, * TA:) pl. as above. (TA.) b8: The fruit of the tree called نَبْع, resembling the حَبَّة خَضْرَآء [or fruit of the pistachia terebinthus], (K, TA,) except that it is red, sweet, and round; eaten by men. (TA.) b9: [As a conventional term in grammar and lexicology, A certain vowel-sound, well-known: and ↓ فَتْحَةٌ signifies The sign of that vowel-sound.]

فُتُحٌ a word of the measure فُعُلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ. (S.) You say بَابٌ فُتُحٌ A wide, open, door: (S, K:) or a large, wide, door. (Msb.) And قَارُورَةٌ فُتُحٌ A wide-headed bottle or flash: (S, K:) or a bottle, or flash, having neither a stopper nor a case: (Ks, S, Msb, K:) because, if so, it is open. (TA.) فَتْحَةٌ: see فَتْحٌ, last sentence.

فُتْحَةٌ An opening, or intervening space; syn. فُرْجَةٌ: pl. فُتَحٌ. (Msb.) b2: See also فَتْحٌ. b3: Also (assumed tropical:) A boasting of, or boasting oneself in, or making a vain display of, what one has, or possesses, of wealth, or of good education, or polite accomplishments. (L, K, * TA.) One says, مَا هٰذِهِ الفُتْحَةُ الَّتِى أَظْهَرْتَهَا (assumed tropical:) What is this boasting, &c., which thou hast exhibited? (L.) IDrd thinks it to be not [genuine] Arabic. (L.) فَتْحَى Gain, profit, or increase obtained in traffic; syn. رِبْحٌ; [so accord. to the L; accord. to the copies of the K, erroneously, رِيحٌ i. e. “ wind; ”] mentioned by Az, on the authority of Ibn-Buzurj: a poet says, أَكُلُّهُمُ لَا بَارَكَ اللّٰهُ فِيهِمُ

إِذَا ذُكِرَتْ فَتْحَى مِنَ البَيْعِ عَاجِبُ [Are all of them, (may God not bless them,) when gain arising from selling is mentioned, in a state of wonder?]. (L.) فَتُوحٌ A she-camel having wide orifices to her teats; (S, K;) and so a ewe or a she-goat: pl. فُتْحٌ. (TA.) b2: See also فَتْحٌ, in two places.

فَتَاحَةٌ: see فَتْحٌ, fourth sentence.

فُتَاحَةٌ [see 1, near the end].

A2: الفُتَاحَةُ, thus in the L and other lexicons, without ى after the ح, but in the K ↓ الفُتَاحِيَةُ, there said to be with damm and without teshdeed, (TA,) A certain bird, different from that called الفَتَّاحُ, (K, TA,) tinged with redness. (TA.) فِتَاحَةٌ [see 1, near the end]. b2: [As a subst.,] (tropical:) The office of judge: one says, فُلَانٌ وُلِّىَ الفِتَاحَةَ (tropical:) Such a one was appointed to the office of judge. (A, TA.) b3: And [(tropical:) Litigation, or altercation:] one says, بَيْنَهُمَا فِتَاحَاتٌ (tropical:) Between them two are litigations, or altercations. (A, TA.) الفُتَاحِيَةُ: see الفُتَاحَةُ.

فَتَّاحٌ [An opener: and an unlocker. b2: and hence, (assumed tropical:) A conquerer. b3: And], in the dial. of Himyer, (TA,) (tropical:) A judge; one who decides between litigants: (S, Msb, K, TA:) it is like ↓ فَاتِحٌ, but [this signifies simply judging, and the former] has an intensive signification. (Msb.) الفَتَّاحُ, as an epithet applied to God, in the Kur xxxiv. 25, means (assumed tropical:) The Judge: or, accord. to IAth, (assumed tropical:) the Opener of the gates of sustenance and of mercy to his servants. (TA.) b4: بَيْتٌ فَتَّاحٌ means A wide, or an ample, house or tent. (El-Fáïk, TA.) b5: And الفَتَّاحُ signifies A certain bird, (K,) which is black, and which moves about its tail much, or often; white in the base of the tail, beneath it; and there is a sort thereof red; (TA;) also called أُمُّ عَجْلَانَ: (O in art. عجل:) pl. فَتَاتِيحُ, (K,) to which is added in the K, “without ا and ل; ”

but there is no reason why it should not have ال prefixed to it; and perhaps it should be correctly “ without ا and ت,” i. e. it is not pluralized with ا and ت [as an affix to the sing.], as in the L &c. (MF, TA.) فَاتِحٌ [Opening: &c.]: see فَتَّاحٌ.

فَاتِحَةٌ (tropical:) The commencement, or first part, of a thing: (S, A, * K:) pl. فَوَاتِحُ. (A.) فَاتِحَةُ الكِتَابِ, (Msb,) or فَاتِحَةُ القُرْآنِ, (TA,) [and simply الفَاتِحَةُ, (assumed tropical:) The opening chapter, or exordium, of the Kur-án,] is [said to be] so called because the recitation in prayer is commenced therewith. (Msb.) One says also, قَرَأَ فَاتِحَةَ السُّورَةِ وَخَاتِمَتَهَا (tropical:) He recited the first part, or portion, of the chapter of the Kur-án and its last part, or portion. (A.) And فَوَاتِحُ القُرْآنِ signifies (tropical:) The first parts, or portions, of the chapters of the Kur-án. (K, TA.) [See also مُفْتَتَحٌ.]

مَفْتَحٌ A place in which things are reposited, stowed, laid up, kept, preserved, or guarded; a repository; syn. خِزَانَةٌ and مَخْزَنٌ: [and a hoard; syn. خَزِينَةٌ:] and treasure; or buried property; syn. كَنْزٌ: (K, TA:) pl., in both senses, مَفَاتِحُ. (TA.) The pl. as occurring in the Kur xxviii. 76 is said to signify treasures or buried property (كُنُوز) and hoards (خَزَائِن [as pl. of خَزِينَةٌ, not of خِزَانَةٌ]): or hoards (خَزَاوئن) of wealth, which Az says is the most probable meaning: (L, TA:) or it there means keys, as pl. of ↓ مِفْتَحٌ; (Ksh, Bd;) and it is said that they were of skins, of the measure of the finger, and were borne upon sixty mules, (Ksh, L, TA,) or seventy; but this is not a valid explanation. (L, TA.) مِفْتَحٌ see the next preceding paragraph, and the next but one following; the latter in two places. b2: Also A conduit (قَنَاة) of water. (TA.) مُفَتِّحٌ, applied to a medicine &c., Aperient; having the property of opening the bowels: and مُفَتِّحٌ لِلسُّدَدِ deobstruent; having the property of removing obstructions.]

مِفْتَاحٌ (S, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ مِفْتَحٌ (Msb, K) A key; an instrument with which a lock is opened; (Msb;) [a key] of a door; and of anything that is closed, or locked; (S;) an instrument for opening, (K, TA,) i. e. anything with which a thing is opened: (TA:) pl. of the former مَفَاتِيحُ and مفَاتِحُ, said by Akh to be similar to أَمَانِىُّ and أَمَانٍ; (S;) or مفاتيح is pl. مِفْتَاحٌ, and مفاتح is pl. of ↓ مِفْتَحٌ [as well as of مَفْتَحٌ]. (Msb.) b2: مِفْتَاحُهَا الطُّهُورُ, said by the Prophet, in relation to prayer, means (tropical:) That which is as though it were the key thereof is the thing [or water] with which one purifies himself; being the means of removing the legal impurity that prevents one's addressing himself boldly to the act of prayer. (Msb.) b3: And أُوِتِيتُ مَفَاتِيحَ الكَلِمِ, or مَفَاتِحَ الكَلِمِ, accord. to different relaters, occurring in a trad., i. e. I have been given the keys of words, means [I have been given] an easy faculty, granted by God, for the acquirement of eloquence and chasteness of speech, and the attaining to the understanding of obscure meanings, and novel and admirable kinds of knowledge, and the beauties of expressions and phrases, which are closed against others, and difficult to be learnt by them. (L.) b4: And المِفْتَاحُ signifies also (assumed tropical:) A certain brand upon the thigh and neck (K, TA) of a camel, in the form of what is [properly] thus called. (TA.) مَفْتُوحٌ An opened, or unclosed, [and an unlocked,] door. (Msb.) b2: [And (assumed tropical:) A light, or bright, colour; a meaning probably post-classical. b3: For other significations, see its verb.]

مَفَاتِيحُ, (unparalleled [in form] among sing. words, MF,) applied to a she-camel, Fat: pl. مَفَاتِيحَاتٌ: (K:) mentioned by Seer.(TA.) مُفْتَتَحٌ is an inf. n. [signifying The act of opening and commencing &c.]: and a n. of place and of time [signifying a place of opening and commencing &c. and a time thereof: and also the opening portion of the Kur-án; as shown voce خَاتَمٌ, q. v.]: and is a commonly-known and chaste word: though it has been said that مُخْتَتَمٌ [which has the contr. significations] is not a chaste word: (TA in the present art.:) this, however, is not correct; for it is a chaste word, and of frequent occurrence. (TA in art. ختم.) يَوْمٌ مُنْفَتِحٌ بَالمَآءِ (tropical:) A day [of clouds] bursting, or opening vehemently, with rain. (A.) b2: الحُرُوفُ المُنْفَتِحَةُ (assumed tropical:) The letters of which the utterance requires the opening of [that part of the mouth which is called] the حَنَك; (TA;) all the letters of the alphabet except ص, ض, ط, and ظ. (K, TA.)