حسن
1 حَسُنَ, (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K, &c.,) which may also be written and pronounced حَسْنَ, with the dammeh suppressed, (
S,) and حَسَنَ, (
K,)
aor. ـُ (
TA,)
inf. n. حُسْنٌ (
S, *
Msb,
K, *
TA) and حُسْنَى, (
Ham p. 657, and
Bd in ii. 77,) He, or it (a thing,
S,
Msb), had, or possessed, the quality termed حَسْنٌ [which see below; i. e., was, or became, good, or goodly, (generally the latter,) beautiful, comely, or pleasing, &c.; and ↓ تحسّن often signifies the same, as in the phrase تحسّن عِنْدَهُ it was, or became, good, &c., in his estimation]: (
S,
K,
TA:) and [in like manner] زَيْدٌ ↓ أَحْسَنَ means Zeyd became possessed of حُسْن. (
Mughnee in art. بِ.)
b2: One may not say حُسْنَ, transferring the dammeh of the س to the ح and making the former letter quiescent, except in one case; because it is [virtually, together with its
agent expressed or implied, in this case,] a predicate: [see
I'Ak p. 234:] this is allowable only in the case of a verb of praise or dispraise; حُسْنَ, in respect of the transference of the medial vowel, being likened to نِعْمَ and بِئْسَ, which are originally نَعِمَ and بَئِسَ: and thus one does in all verbs like these two in meaning: a poet says, لَمْ يَمْنَعِ النَّاسُ مِنِّى مَا أَرَدْتُ وَ مَا
أُعْطِيهِمُ مَا أَرَادُوا حُسْنَ ذَا أَدَبَا [Men have not withheld from me what I have desired, nor do I give them what they have desired: good, or very good, is this as a mode of conduct!]: meaning حَسُنَ هٰذَا أَدَبًا. (
S,
TA.) Yousay also, حَسُنَ زَيْدٌ, [meaning Good, or goodly, &c., or very good &c., is Zeyd! or] meaning بِهِ ↓ أَحْسِنْ [i. e. how good, or goodly, &c., is Zeyd! as also ↓ مَا أَحْسَنَهُ]. (
B,
TA in art. بِ.) 2 حسّنهُ, (
S,
K,)
inf. n. تَحْسِينٌ, (
S,) He made it, or rendered it, حَسَن [i. e. good, or goodly, (generally the latter,) beautiful, comely, or pleasing, &c.]; (
K;) he beautified, embellished, or adorned, it; (
S,
TA;) as also ↓ احسنهُ. (
TA.) You say, الحَلَّاقُ رَأْسَهُ ↓ أَحْسَنَ The shaver beautified, or trimmed, his head. (
TA.) And الَّذِى
كُلَّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقَهُ ↓ أَحْسَنَ [Who hath made good, or goodly, everything that He hath created], in the
Kur [xxxii. 6], means حَسَّنَ خَلْقَ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ [hath made good, or goodly, the creation of everything]. (
TA.)
b2: [See also تَحْسِينٌ.]
b3: And see 10.
3 إنِّى أُحَاسِنُ بِكَ النَّاسَ (
S,
TA) Verily I contend with men for thy superiority in حُسْن [i. e. goodness, or goodliness, &c.]. (
TA.) [حَاسَنَ followed by an accus. is rendered by Golius, as on the authority of
J, who gives no explanation of it, “Bene tractavit et egit. ”]
4 احسن as an
intrans. v.: see 1.
b2: Also He did that which was حَسَن [meaning good, comely, or pleasing; he acted well]; (
Msb;) he did a good deed: (
Er-Rághib,
TA:) [for] إِحْسَانٌ is the
contr. of إِسَآءَةٌ: (
K:) it differs from إِنْعَامٌ in being to oneself and to another; whereas the latter is only to another: (
TA:) and it surpasses عَدْلٌ, inasmuch as it means the giving more than one owes, and taking less than is owed to one; whereas the latter means the giving what one owes, and taking what is owed to one. (
Er-Rághib,
TA.) You say, أَحْسَنْتُ إِلَيْهِ and بِهِ [I acted, or behaved, with goodness, well, or in a good or comely or pleasing manner, towards him; did good to him; benefited him; conferred a benefit, or benefits, upon him]: both signify the same: (
S,
TA:) and hence, in the
Kur [xii. 101], قَدْ أَحْسَنَ بِى
إِذَ أَخْرَجَنِى مِنَ السِّجْنِ meaning إِلَىَّ [i. e. He hath acted well towards me, when he brought me forth from the prison]: (
AHeyth,
Az:) or,
accord. to some, the verb in this case is made to import the meaning of لَطَفَ [which is
trans. by means of بِ, i. e. He hath acted graciously with me]. (
Mughnee in art. بِ.)
b3: الإِحْسَانُ is also explained as meaning الإِخْلَاصُ [i. e. The being sincere, or without hypocrisy; or the asserting oneself to be clear of believing in any beside God]; which is a condition of the soundness, or validity, of الإِيمَان and الإِسْلَام together: and as denoting watchfulness, and good obedience: and as meaning the continuing in the right way, and following the way which those [of the righteous] who have gone before have trodden; this last being said to be the meaning in the
Kur ix. 101. (
TA.)
A2: As a
trans. v.: see 2, in three places.
b2: احسنهُ also signifies (
tropical:) He knew it: (
S,
K,
TA:) [or] he knew it well; (
Er-Rághib,
Msb;) and so احسن بِهِ, as in the saying, هُوَ يُحْسِنُ بِالعَرَبِيَّةِ (assumed
tropical:) He knows well the Arabic language. (
MA.) Hence the saying of 'Alee, قِيمَةُ المَرْءِ مَا يُحْسِنُهُ (
tropical:) [The value of the man is what he knows, or knows well]. (
TA.) النَّاسُ أَبْنَآءُ مَا يُحْسِنُونَ is another saying of 'Alee, meaning (
tropical:) Men are named, or reputed, in relation to what they know, and to the good deeds that they do. (
TA.)
b3: أَحْسِنْ بِهِ and مَا أَحْسَنَهُ: see 1, last sentence. You say also, ↓ مَا أُحَيْسِنَهُ [i. e. How very good, or goodly, &c., is he!]; using the
ـصَغَّرٌ">dim. form; like مَا أُمَيْلِحَهُ [
q. v.]. (
S and
K in art. ملح.)
A3: Also He (a man,
IAar) sat upon a high hill, or heap, of sand, such as is termed حَسَنٌ. (
IAar,
K.) 5 تحسّن: see 1.
b2: Also
i. q. تَجَمَّلَ [i. e. He beautified, embellished, or adorned, himself: and he affected what is beautiful, goodly, or comely, in person, or in action or actions or behaviour, or in moral character, &c.]. (
TA.) [تَحَسَّنَتْ, said of a woman, occurs, in the former sense, in the
S and
K in art. رعد, and in the
TA in art. نقط, &c.]
b3: دَخَلَ الحَمَّامَ فَتَحَسَّنَ He entered the hot bath and was shaven. (
TA.) 6 تحاسن [He affected to be حَسَن (i. e. good, goodly, beautiful, comely, &c.), not being really so]. (A in art. صبح. [See 6 in that art.]) 10 استحسنهُ He counted, accounted, reckoned, or esteemed, him, or it, حَسَن [i. e. good, goodly, beautiful, comely, pleasing, &c.; he approved, thought well of, or liked, him, or it]; (
S,
K;) as also ↓ حسّنهُ,
inf. n. تَحْسِينٌ. (
Har p. 594.) Hence the saying, صَرْفُ هٰذَا اسْتِحْسَانٌ وَ المَنْعُ قِيَاسٌ [The making this word perfectly declinable is approvable, but the making it imperfectly declinable is agreeable with
analogy]. (
TA.) حُسْنٌ (
S,
K, &c.) and ↓ حُسُنٌ, which is of the
dial. of El-Hijáz, and ↓ حَسَنٌ, (
MF,
TA,) Goodness, or goodliness, [generally the latter,] beauty, comeliness, or pleasingness;
contr. of قُبْحٌ: (
S:)
i. q. جَمَالٌ: (
K:) but
accord. to
As, [when relating to the person,] حُسْنٌ is in the eyes, and جَمَالٌ is in the nose: (
TA:) symmetry; or just proportion of the several parts of the person, one to another: (
Kull:) or anything, moving the mind, that is desired, or wished for; such as is approved by the intellect; and such as is approved by natural desire; and such as is approved by the faculty of sense: in the common conventional language, mostly applied to what is approved by the sight: in the
Kur, mostly to what is approved by mental perception: it is in accidents as well as in substances: (
Er-Rághib,
TA:) the
pl. is ↓ مَحَاسِنُ, (
S,
K,) like مَلَامِحُ
pl. of لَمْحَةٌ, and مَشَابِهُ
pl. of شَبَهٌ, &c., (
Har p. 9,)
contr. to rule, (
S,
K,) as though
pl. of ↓ مَحْسَنٌ or ↓ مُحْسَنٌ: (
S accord. to different copies:) or,
accord. to
Lh and Eth-Tha'álibee, مَحَاسِنُ has no proper
sing. (
TA.) وَ قُولُوا لِلنَّاسِ حُسْنًا, in the
Kur [ii. 77], means And say ye to men a saying having in it goodness (قَوْلًا ذَا حُسْنٍ): or حُسْنًا may mean حَسَنًا: (
Zj,
TA:) and some read here حَسَنًا: and some, حُسُنًا,
accord. to the
dial. of El-Hijáz: and some, ↓ حُسْنَى, as an
inf. n., like بُشْرَى: (
Bd:) but
AHát and
Zj disallow this; the former saying that حُسْنَى is like فُعْلَى [as
fem. of أَفْعَلُ denoting the comparative and superlative degrees], and therefore should have the article ال. (
TA.) وَ وَصَّيْنَا الإِنْسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ حُسْنًا, in the
Kur [xxix. 7], means [in like manner] And we have enjoined man to do to his two parents what is good (مَا يَحْسُنُ حُسْنًا): (
TA:) and here [also] some read حَسَنًا; and some, إِحْسَانًا. (
Bd.) [See another
ex. of a similar kind, from the
Kur xviii. 85,
voce إِمَّا, near the beginning of the paragraph.]
b2: سِتُّ الحُسْنِ [The convolvulus caïricus of Linn.; abundant in the gardens of Cairo;] a certain plant that twines about trees and has a beautiful flower. (
TA.)
b3: See also حَسَنٌ.
حَسَنٌ Having, or possessing, the quality termed حُسْنٌ [which see above; good, or goodly, (generally the latter,) beautiful, comely, pleasing or pleasant, &c.]; (
Msb,
K,
TA;) either intrinsically, as when applied to belief in God and in his attributes; or extrinsically, as when applied to war against unbelievers, for this is not good in itself: said to be the only
epithet of its measure except بَطَلٌ: (
TA:) and ↓ حَسِينٌ signifies the same, (
IB,
K,) because from حَسُنَ, like عَظِيمٌ and كَريِمٌ from عَظُمَ and كَرُمَ, (
IB,
TA,) and ↓ حُسَانٌ, (
K,) but this is an intensive
epithet, [signifying very good or goodly &c.,] (
IB,
TA,) and ↓ حُسَّانٌ, (
K,) also an intensive
epithet, (
S,
IB,) and ↓ حَاسِنٌ, (
K,) [properly signifying being, or becoming, good or goodly &c.,] cited by
Lh as used in a future sense, (
TA,) and ↓ مُحَسَّنٌ as applied to a face: (
K:) the
fem. is حَسَنَةٌ, and ↓ حَسْنَآءُ, applied to a woman, (
S,
Msb,
K,) though the corresponding
masc. of this latter, namely, ↓ أَحْسَنُ, is [said to be] not used (
S,
K) as applied to a man [in the sense of حَسَنٌ], (
S,) [but the phrase هُوَ أَحْسَنُهُمْ وَجْهًا as meaning حَسَنُهُمْ وَجْهًا is mentioned in the
S in art. بيض, (see بَيَاضٌ, and see also the
pl. أَحَاسِنُ in what here follows,)] and ↓ حُسَّانَةٌ: (
S,
K:) the
pl. masc. is حِسَانٌ, (
Msb,
K,)
pl. of حَسَنٌ used as an
epithet; but when حَسَنٌ is used as a [proper] name, its
pl. is حَسَنُونَ; (
Msb;) and حِسَانٌ may also be
pl. of حَسِينٌ; (
TA;) and حُسَّانُونَ, (
Sb,
K,)
pl. of ↓ حُسَّانٌ, which has no
broken pl.: (
Sb:) and أَحَاسِنُ القَوْمِ means حِسَانُهُمْ [the good, or goodly, &c., of the party, or company of men]: (
K:) the
pl. fem. is حِسَانٌ, (
K,) like the
masc.,
pl. of حَسْنَآءُ, and the only instance of its kind except عِجَافٌ,
pl. of عَجْفَآءُ. (
TA.) You say رَجُلٌ حَسَنٌ بَسَنٌ [A man very good or goodly &c.], using بسن as an
imitative sequent [for the purpose of corroboration]. (
S.)
b2: [حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ A tradition of good authority; generally applied to one transmitted in the first instance by two or more relaters.
b3: Also meaning Good, comely, goodhumoured, pleasing, or pleasant, discourse or talk.]
b4: الحَسَنُ The bone that is next to the elbow; as also ↓ الحُسْنُ: (
K:) or the extremity of the bone of the upper half of the arm next the shoulder-joint, because of the abundance of flesh that is upon it; the extremity of that bone next the elbow being called القَبِيحُ: (
TA in art. قبح:) or the upper part of that bone; the lower part thereof being called القبيح. (
Fr,
TA in that art.)
b5: A kind of tree, of beautiful appearance, (
K,
TA,) also called the أَلآء, that grows in rows upon a hill, or heap, (كَثِيب,) of sand; so called because of its beauty; whence the كثيب is called نَقَا الحَسَنِ: thus described by
Az, on the authority of 'Alee Ibn-Hamzeh. (
TA.)
b6: [And hence, perhaps,] حَسَنٌ signifies also A high كَثِيب [or hill, or heap, of sand]: (
IAar,
K:) whence it is used as a [proper] name of a boy. (
IAar,
TA.)
A2: See also حُسْنٌ, first sentence.
الحُسَنُ: see أَحْسَنُ.
حُسُنٌ: see حُسْنٌ, first sentence.
حِسْنَةٌ A ledge (رَيْدٌ) projecting from a mountain:
pl. حِسَنٌ. (
K.) حَسَنَةٌ
fem. of حَسَنٌ [
q. v.]. (
S,
Msb,
K.)
b2: Also, [used as a
subst., or as an
epithet in which the quality of a
subst. is predominant, A good act or action;] an act of obedience [to God; often particularly applied to an alms-deed]: (
Ksh and
Bd in iv. 80:) and the reward [of a good action]: (
Er-Rághib,
TA:) a good, benefit, benefaction, boon, or blessing: (
Ksh and
Bd ibid.:)
contr. of سَيِّئَةٌ [in all these senses]: (
S,
K:) as
contr. of this latter word, it signifies any rejoicing, or gladdening, good or benefit &c. that betides a man in his soul and his body and his circumstances: (
Er-Rághib,
TA:)
pl. حَسَنَاتٌ: (
K, and
Kur vii. 167, &c.:) it has no
broken pl. (
TA.) Hence, in the
Kur iv. 80, it means Abundance of herbage, or of the goods, conveniences, and comforts, of life; ampleness of circumstances; and success: and سَيِّئَة there means the
contr. of these. (
Er-Rághib,
TA.) In the
Kur xi. 116, الحَسَنَات is said to mean The five daily prayers, as expiating what has been between them. (
TA.)
b3: As an
epithet, [
fem. of حَسَنٌ,] it is applied to an accident as well as to a substance. (
Er-Rághib,
TA.) حُسْنَى: see حُسْنٌ, and أَحْسَنُ; the latter, in three places.
حَسْنَآءُ: see حَسَنٌ.
حُسَانٌ: see حَسَنٌ.
حَسِينٌ: see حَسَنٌ.
حُسَيْنٌ [
ـصَغَّرٌ">dim. of حَسَنٌ.
b2: Also] A high mountain: whence it is used as a [proper] name of a boy. (
TA.) حُسَيْنَى One's utmost, [or rather one's best,] or the utmost of one's power or ability or deed or case: so in the saying, حُسَيْنَاهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا [His utmost, or best, &c., is, or will be, the doing such a thing]: and ↓ حُسَيْنَاؤُهُ means the same. (
K, *
TA.) حُسَيْنَآءُ: see what next precedes.
A2: Also A kind of tree, with small leaves. (
K.) حُسَّانٌ; and its
fem., with ة: see حَسَنٌ, in three places.
حَاسِنٌ: see حَسَنٌ.
b2: [Hence,] الحَاسِنُ The moon. (
AA,
S.) أَحْسَنُ,
fem. حَسْنَآءُ,
pl. أَحَاسِنُ: see حَسَنٌ.
b2: الأَحْسَنُ denotes the comparative and superlative degrees [of حُسْنٌ]; as in the phrase هُوَ الأَحْسَنُ [He, or it, is the better, and best; or the more, and most, goodly or beautiful or comely &c.]: (
K:) ↓ الحُسْنَى is the
fem.; as in the phrase الأَسْمَآءُ الحُسْنَى The best names; those of God; which are ninety and nine: (
Jel in vii. 179:) it signifies the
contr. of السُّوْءَى: (
S,
K:) the
pl. of الأَحْسَنُ is الأَحَاسِنُ. (
K.) In the saying, in the
Kur [vi. 153 and xvii. 36], وَ لَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ اليَتِيمِ
إِلَّا بِالَّتِى هِىَ أَحْسَنُ [And approach ye not the property of the orphan, to make use of it,] except by that act which is best to be done with it, the meaning is, such an act as the taking care of it, and increasing it: (
Bd:) or, as some say, the meaning is, the taking, of his property, what will [suffice to] conceal those parts of one's person that should not be exposed, and stay one's hunger. (
TA.) [The
fem.] ↓ الحُسْنَى is applied to accidents only: not to substances. (
Er-Rághib,
TA.) It means also, [as an
epithet in which the quality of a
subst. predominates, That which is better, and that which is best. And hence,] The good final or ultimate state or condition [appointed for the faithful]: (
K:) so, it is said, in the
Kur xli. 50. (
TA.) And The view, or vision, of God; (
K;)
accord. to some: but it is said that in the
Kur x. 27, it means Paradise; and زِيَادَةٌ, which there follows it, means the view, or vision, of the face of God. (
TA.) And Victory: and martyrdom: (
Th,
K:) whence, [in the
Kur ix. 52,] إِحْدَى
الحُسْنَيَيْنِ [one of the two best things]; (
K;) victory or martyrdom. (
Ksh,
Bd,
Jel.) and The saying لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ. (
Jel in xcii. 6 and 9.) The
pl. of ↓ الحُسْنَى is الحُسْنَيَاتُ and ↓ الحُسَنُ, (
K, [the latter like رُجَعٌ
pl. of رُجْعَى, but misunderstood by Freytag as
syn. with المَحَاسِنُ, which next follows it in the
K,]) neither of which is used without the article ال. (
TA.) مَا أُحَيْسِنَهُ: see 4, last sentence but one.
تَحْسِينٌ a
subst. of the measure تَفْعِيلٌ; (
K;) or rather an
inf. n. used as a
subst.; (
TA;)
pl. تَحَاسِينُ: whence كِتَابُ التَّحَاسِينِ (
K) [Caligraphy; or] deliberate, orderly, and regular writing; (
TK;) [or close and compact writing, without spaces, or gaps, and without elongation of the letters;]
contr. of المَشْقُ. (
K. [See كِتَابُ مَشْقٍ.]) مَحْسَنٌ: see حُسْنٌ, and مَحَاسِنُ.
مُحْسَنٌ: see حُسْنٌ.
مُحْسِنٌ Doing, or who does, that which is حَسَن [meaning good, comely, or pleasing]; (
K,
TA;) as also ↓ مِحْسَانٌ: (
K:) or the latter [is an intensive
epithet, meaning doing, or who does, much that is good, comely, or pleasing: or] means constantly doing that which is حَسَن. (
TA.)
b2: إِنَّا نَرَاكَ مِنَ المُحْسِنِينَ, in the
Kur xii. 36, means (
tropical:) Verily we see thee to be of those who know, or know well, the interpretation of dreams: (
Ksh,
Bd,
TA: *) or (assumed
tropical:) of those endowed with knowledge: or of the doers of good to the prisoners: (
Ksh,
Bd:) or of those who aid the weak and the sufferer of wrong, and visit the sick. (
TA.) مَحْسَنَةٌ [A cause of good:
pl.,
app., ↓ مَحَاسِنُ; like as مَسَاوٍ, originally مَسَاوِئُ, is said to be
pl. of مَسَآءَةٌ, originally مَسْوَأَةٌ]. You say, هٰذَا الطَّعَامُ مَحْسَنَةٌ لِلْجِسْمِ [This food is a cause of good, i. e. beneficial, to the body]. (
S.) مُحَسَّنٌ: see حَسَنٌ.
مِحْسَانٌ: see مُحْسِنٌ.
مَحَاسِنُ The beautiful places [or parts] of the body: (
K:)
accord. to some, (
TA,) the
sing. is ↓ مَحْسَنٌ: or it has no
sing.: (
K:) the former opinion is disapproved by
ISd.: the latter is the opinion of the grammarians and of the generality of the lexicologists: and therefore, says
Sb, the rel.
n. is ↓ مَحَاسِنِىٌّ; for if مَحَاسِنُ had a
sing., it would be restored to the
sing. in forming the rel.
n. (
TA.) You say, فُلَانَةُ كَثِيرَةُ المَحَاسِنِ Such a woman has many beautiful places [or parts] of the body. (
TA.) And مَحَاسِنُ الوَجْهِ وَ مَسَاوِيهِ [The beauties of the face, and its defects]: (
K in art. لمح:) [for] مَحَاسِنُ signifies the
contr. of مَسَاوٍ. (
S.)
b2: [
As contr. of مَسَاوٍ, it signifies also Good qualities of any kind: and also good actions; like حَسَنَاتٌ: agreeably with an explanation in the
KL, نيكوئيها.]
b3: See also حُسْنٌ:
b4: and مَحْسَنَةٌ.
مَحَاسِنِىٌّ: see the next preceding paragraph.
