عصفر

Q. 1 عَصْفَرَ He dyed a garment, or piece of cloth, with عُصْفُر. (S, O, Msb, K.) Q. 2 تَعَصْفَرَ It (a garment, or piece of cloth,) became dyed with عُصْفُر. (S, O, K.) عُصْفُرٌ [Safflower, or bastard saffron; i. e., cnicus, or carthamus tinctorius;] a certain dye, (S, O,) or plant, (Msb, K,) well known, (O, Msb,) with which one dyes, (M,) the first juice (سُلَافَة) of which is called جِرْيَال, (TA,) and one of the properties of which is that it causes tough meat to become thoroughly cooked, so as to fall off from the bone, (K, * TA,) when somewhat thereof is thrown into it: (TA:) its seed is called قُرْطُمٌ: (K:) there are two kinds of it; one of the cultivated land, and one of the desert; and both grow in the country of the Arabs: (M, TA:) it is an Arabicized word. (Az, TA.) عُصْفُورٌ (S, O, Msb, K, &c.) and عَصْفُورٌ, (Ibn-Rasheek, MF,) but the latter is not an approved form, because there is no chaste word of the measure فَعْلُولٌ, (MF, TA,) [The sparrow;] a certain bird, (S, O, K,) well known; (Msb:) accord. to AHát, the same that is called the نَقَّار; the male black in the head and neck, the rest of it inclining to ash-colour, with a redness in the wings; the female inclining to yellowness and whiteness: (O:) the word is masc.: (TA:) fem. with ة: (S, O, K:) pl. عَصَافِيرُ. (Msb.) Accord. to Hamzeh, it is so called because it was disobedient, and fled, عَصَى وَفَرَّ. (MF, TA.) [This, I believe, is said to have been the case when the beasts and birds &c. were summoned before Adam, to be named by him. See the Kur ii. 29-31.] b2: [It is also applied to Any passerine bird. and hence,] عُصْفُورُ الجَنَّةِ [The passerine bird of Paradise; meaning] the swallow; syn. الخُطَّافُ. (ISd in TA art. خطف, and IB in TA art. وط.) b3: [Also, sometimes, Any small bird.] b4: طَارَتْ عَصَافِيرُ رَأْسِهِ [lit., The sparrows of his head flew;] is a prov., meaning (tropical:) he became frightened; as though there were sparrows upon his head when he was still, and they flew away when he was frightened: (Meyd:) [or he became light, or inconstant: or he became angry: like طَارَ طَائِرُهُ: (see طَائِرٌ:)] or he became aged. (TA.) b5: نَقَّتْ عَصَافِيرُ بَطْنِهِ [lit. The sparrows of his belly cried], (K,) like نَقَّتْ ضَفَادِعُ بِطْنِهِ, alluding to the intestines, is also a prov., (TA,) meaning (tropical:) he was, or became, hungry. (K, TA.) In like manner also one says, لَا تَأْكُلْ حَتَّى تَطِيرَ عَصَافِيرُ بَطْنِكَ, meaning (tropical:) Eat thou not until thou be hungry. (TA.) A2: أَصَافِيرُ المُنْذِرِ is an appellation of (assumed tropical:) Certain excellent camels, that belonged to kings: (S, O, K:) or certain excellent camels that belonged to En-Noamán Ibn-El-Mundhir were called أَصَافِيرُ النُّعْمَانِ. (T, TA.) A3: العُصْفُورُ also signifies The male locust. (O, K.) A4: And The chief, or lord. (IAar, O, K.) b2: And The king. (K.) A5: Also A portion, (S, O,) or small portion, (K,) of the brain, (S, O, K,) beneath the فَرْخ of the brain, (TA,) as though separated therefrom: (S, O, TA:) between the two is a pellicle. (S, O, K.) b2: and A certain vein in the heart. (IF, O.) b3: and A prominent bone in the temple of the horse, (S, O, K,) on the right and on the left; both being called عُصْفُورَانِ. (S, O.) b4: And The place whence grows the forelock [app. of the horse]. (M, K.) b5: And A narrow blaze extending downwards from the blaze on the forehead of the horse, not reaching to the muzzle. (O, K.) b6: The عَصَافِير of a camel's hump see expl. voce عُرْصُوفٌ.

A6: and عُصْفُورٌ signifies also A piece of wood in the [kind of camel-vehicle called] هَوْدَج, uniting the extremities of certain [other] pieces of wood therein; [perhaps what unites the outer extremities of two long pieces of wood which project horizontally from the lower part of the هودج, from the two extremities of either side;] (K;) having the form of the [kind of saddle called] إِكَاف: (L:) or the pieces of wood which are in the [kind of camel's saddle called] رَحْل, by which the heads of the [curved pieces of wood called the] أَحْنَآء are fastened [together]: (K:) and the wood by which are fastened the heads of the [kind of saddle called] قَتَب: (K:) the pl. is عَصَافِيرُ: or the عصافير of the قتب are its عَرَاصِيف, from which عصافير is formed by transposition; and they are four pins of wood which are put between [or rather which unite or conjoin] the heads of the احنآء of the قتب; in each حِنْو are two of these pins, fastened with sinews or with camel's skin; and in it [or appertaining to the same part] are the ظَلِفَات: (S, O:) or the nails which unite the head of the قتب: (IDrd:) or the عُصْفُور of the [kind of saddle called] إِكَاف is its عُرْصُوف, from which latter word the former is formed by transposition; and it is a piece of wood fastened between [or rather uniting or conjoining] the anterior حِنْوَانِ. (S, O.) In a trad. it is said that it it is unlawful to cut or shake off aught from the trees of El-Medeeneh, except for the عصفور of a قتب, or to supply a sheave of a pulley, or for the handle of an iron implement. (S.) b2: Also A nail of a ship. (O, K.)

حشرج

Q. 1 حَشْرَجَ, (TA,) inf. n. حَشْرَجَةٌ, (S, K, TA,) He rattled in the throat, in dying: he made his breath, or spirit, (نَفَسَهُ, or نَفْسَهُ, accord. to different copies of the S and K,) to reciprocate: (S, K:) said also of the chest: or he made the sound of his breath to reciprocate in his throat, or fauces, without uttering it with his tongue. (TA.) Also said of an ass, He made his voice to reciprocate in his throat: (S, K, TA:) or uttered his voice from his chest. (TA.) حَشْرَجٌ Water that is beneath the ground, unperceived, in the wide water-channels that contain small pebbles, and which, when one has dug to the depth of a cubit, gushes forth abundantly: waters of this description are called by the Arabs أَحْسَآءٌ [pl. of حِسْىٌ] and كِرَارٌ [pl. of كَرٌّ] and حَشَارِجُ: and sweet water, of the water of a حِسْى: (Az, TA:) or water that runs, clear and shallow, over pebbles, or over small pebbles: (TA:) what is termed حِسْىٌ, among pebbles: (ISk, S, K:) or what is termed حِسْىٌ, having pebbles in it: (K accord. to the TA:) or what resembles that which is termed حِسْىٌ, in which waters collect: or a small, or round, hollow, or cavity, in a mountain, in which water becomes clear, (Az, K, TA,) after collecting: (Az, TA:) or water in a small, or round, hollow, or cavity, in a mountain. (A.) b2: Soft foraminous stones (كَذَّان) of the ground: n. un. with ة. (K.) b3: A small, (A, TA,) or thin, (K,) and clean, (TA,) كُوز [or mug], (A, K, TA,) in which water is cooled, (A,) of the manufacture of El-Heereh. (K.) b4: The cocoanut. (Kr, TA.) حَشْرَجَةٌ inf. n. of حَشْرَجَ [q. v.]. b2: [The rattles;] the voice of a sick person reciprocated in the throat, or fauces. (A.)

برهن

Q., or, as some say, Q. Q., 1.Q. 1 بَرْهَنَ He adduced, (T, Z, Msb,) or established, (S, K, and Ham p. 7,) the بُرْهَان, (T, Z, Msb, K,) i. e. the evidence or proof [&c.]; (T, S, Msb, &c.;) or he adduced his evidence or proof [&c.]; (T, Msb;) عَلَيْهِ [against him, or it, or (as in اِسْتَدَلَّ عَلَيْهِ) of it], (S, K, and Ham p. 7,) and لَهُ [to him, or for him]: (Ham ubi suprà:) but this verb is said by Az and Z, on the authority of IAar, to be post-classical; the correct word, they say, being أَبْرَهَ: (Msb:) this they assert on the ground of the opinion that بُرْهَانٌ [q. v.] is of the measure فُعْلَانٌ; but J holds the ن to be a radical. (TA.) بُرْهَانٌ An evidence, or a proof: (T, S, Msb, K, and Ham p. 7:) and a demonstration; i. e. the manifestation of an evidence or proof: (Msb:) or a decisive and manifest evidence or proof: (TA:) or the firmest, strongest, or most valid, evidence or proof; which is such as ever necessarily implies truth, or veracity, as its consequence, or concomitant; for evidences, or proofs, are of five sorts; whereof this is one; another is that which ever necessarily implies falsity, or falsehood, as its consequence, or concomitant; another, that which is nearer to truth, or veracity; another, that which is nearer to falsity, or falsehood; and another, that which is intermediate between these two: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [pl. بَرَاهِينُ:] some say that the ن in this word is augmentative; (Msb, and Ham p. 7;) that it is of the measure فُعْلَانٌ, from البره [app. البَرْهُ] signifying the “act of cutting:” (Ham ubi suprà:) others, that it is radical: Az mentions both of these opinions: J confines himself to the latter opinion: Z, to the former, saying, on the authority of IAar, that the word is derived from بَرَهْرَهَةٌ, meaning “white,” [or “fair in complexion,”] applied to a girl: (Msb:) Abu-l-Fet-h [i. e. IJ] says that he holds it to be of the measure فُعْلَالٌ, like قُرْطَاسٌ and قُرْنَاسٌ, the ن not being augmentative, as is shown by the verb above mentioned: (Ham ubi suprà:) but [it has been stated above that] this verb is said, on the authority of IAar, to be post-classical. (Msb, TA.)

با

بَا and بَآءٌ: see the letter ب, and arts. بوأ and بى بأ

R. Q. 1 بَأْبَأَهُ, (Lth, T, S, M, K,) and بأبأ بِهِ, (Fr, M, K,) inf. n. بَأْبَآَةُ (Lth, T, M) and بَئْبَآءٌ; (Fr, M;) [as also بأَبِى; see art. بِأَبِى أَنْتَ;] He said to him, بِأَبِي, (Fr, M,) or بأَبَا, (M,) or بِأَبِى أَنْتَ, (Lth, T, K,) [all meaning With my father mayest thou be ransomed! or] meaning أَفْدِيكَ بِأَبِى [I will ransom thee with my father]; (Lth, T;) or he said to him, بِأَبِى أَنْتَ وَأُمِّى [With my father mayest thou be ransomed, and with my mother! or I will ransom thee &c.; see art. ابو]; (S;) the current phrase of the Arabs being that which includes both parents: (TA:) i. e., a man said so to another man, (Lth, T, M,) or to a child; (Fr, S, M;) and in like manner to his horse, for having saved him from some accident: (IAar, T:) the verb is derived from بِأَبِى. (Lth, T, M.) Hence البِأَبْ, in an ex. cited voce أَبٌ, in art. ابو, q. v.; (M;) or البِئَبْ; (TA in art. ابو;) or البِيَبْ. (S in that art.) b2: And [hence,] بَأبَؤُوهُ They made a show of treating him with graciousness, courtesy, or blandishment; as also عَلَيْهِ ↓ تَبَأْبَؤُوا. (M.) b3: [Hence also,] ↓ بَأْبَآءٌ, with medd, [used as an inf. n.,] A woman's dandling, or dancing, of her child. (AA, T.) A2: بَأْبَأَ also signifies He (a child) said ↓ بَأْبَأْ (M, K) [in some copies of the K written بَابَا, both meaning Papa, or Father,] to his father. (M.) [Accord. to the TA, the verb is trans. in this sense, as in the senses before explained; but I think that بَأْبَأَهُ has been there erroneously put for بَأْبَأَ.] b2: And He (a stallion [meaning a stallion-camel]) reiterated the sound of the letter ب [or b] in his braying. (M.) b3: [And hence, perhaps,] ↓ بَأْبَأٌ [or, more probably, ↓ بَأْبَآءٌ, with medd, agreeably with analogy, used as an inf. n.,] The chiding of the cat, or act of chiding the cat; (AA, T, Sgh;) also termed غَسٌّ. (AA, T.) A3: Also He hastened, made haste, or sped: and ↓ تَبَأْبَأْنَا we hastened, &c.: (marginal note in a copy of the S:) or ↓ تَبَأْبَأَ signifies he ran. (ElUmawee, T, K.) R. Q. 2 see above, in three places.

بَأْبأْ and بَأْبَأٌ: see R. Q. 1, in two places.

بُؤْبُؤٌ The source, origin, race, root, or stock, syn. أَصْلٌ, (AA, Sh, T, S, M, K,) of a man, (Sh, T,) whether noble or base. (AA, T.) You say, هُوَ كَرِيمُ البُؤْبُؤِ He is of generous, or noble, origin; lit., generous, or noble, of origin. (TK.) And فُلَانٌ فِىبُؤْبُؤِ الكَرَمِ Such a one is of [a race] the source (أَصْل) of generosity, or nobleness. (S. [In the PS, من is here put in the place of فى: but فى is often used in phrases of the same kind and meaning as that above, in the sense of مِنْ.]) IKh cites from Jereer, فِى يُؤْبُؤِ المَجْدِ وَبُحْبُوحِ الكَرَمْ [Of a race the source of glory, and the very heart of generosity, or nobleness]: but Aboo-'Alee El-Kálee quotes the words thus; فِى ضِئْضِئِ المَجْدِ وَ بُؤْبُوْءِ الكَرَمْ [which may be rendered, of a race the source of glory, and the very root of generosity]; whence it appears that بُؤْبُوءٌ is a dial. var. of بُؤْبُؤٌ in the sense here given. (TA.) b2: The middle of a thing; (K;) [and app. the heart, or very heart, thereof; the middle as being the best part of a thing;] like بُحْبُوحٌ. (TA.) b3: [Hence, perhaps,] The pupil, or apple, or the image that is seen reflected in the black, (عَيْر AA, T, or إِنْسَان K,) of the eye. (AA, T, K.) Whence the saying, هُوَ أَعَزُّ عَلَىِّ مِنْ بُؤْبُؤِ عَيْنِى [He is dearer to me than the apple of my eye; a saying common in the present day, with the substitution of إِنْسَان for بُؤْبُؤ]. (TA.) b4: A generous, or noble, (ISk, T,) or a clever, an ingenious, or an accomplished, or a well-bred, or an elegant, (M, K,) and a light, an active, or a sprightly, (M,) lord, master, chief, or personage: (ISk, T, M, K:) fem. with ة. (IKh, TA.) b5: Also, (AA, T, S, * [but I find it only in one of three copies of the S,]) or ↓ بُؤْبُؤْءٌ, and ↓ بَأْبَآءٌ, (K,) the last from the M, (TA, [but it is not in the M as transcribed in the TT,]) A learned man (AA, T, S, K) who teaches; (AA, T;) but the teaching of others is not a condition required in the application of the epithet; (TA;) like سَرْسُورٌ. (S [in which this last word is evidently given as a syn.: but in the K it is given to show the form, only, of بُؤْبُوْءٌ].) b6: Also The body of a locust, (K,) without the head and legs. (TA.) b7: And, accord. to the K, The head, or uppermost part, of a vessel in which [the collyrium called] كُحْل is kept: but it will appear, in art. يأ, that this is [perhaps] a mistranscription for يُؤْيُؤٌ. (TA.) بَأْبَآءٌ: see R. Q. 1, in two places: A2: and see بُؤْبُؤٌ.

بُؤْبُوءٌ: see بُؤْبُؤٌ, in two places.

ضرغم

Q. 1 ضَرْغَمَتِ الأَبْطَالُ, [inf. n. ضَرْغَمَةٌ,] (assumed tropical:) The men of valour acted like lions; as also ↓ تَضَرْغَمَت: (K:) or, as some say, الضَّرْغَمَةُ and ↓ التَّضَرْغُمُ signify (assumed tropical:) the choosing of valiant men [app. as antagonists] in war, or battle. (TA.) And you say, ضَرْغَمَ الأَبْطَالُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا فِى الحَرْبِ (assumed tropical:) [The men of valour attacked one another like lions in war, or battle]. (S, TA.) Q. 2 تَضَرْغَمَ: see what precedes, in two places.

ضِرْغَمٌ, or ضَرْغَمٌ: see the next paragraph.

ضِرْغَامٌ, (MA, K, and so in some copies of the S,) and ↓ ضِرْغَامَةٌ, (MA, K, and so in other copies of the S,) and ↓ ضِرْغَمٌ, (MA,) or ↓ ضَرْغَمٌ, like جَعْفَرٌ, (K, TA,) The lion: (S, MA, K:) or a lion accustomed to prey, strong, and bold. (TA.) b2: And الضِّرْغَامُ is also applied to (assumed tropical:) The constellation of the Lion. (Ham p. 110.) ضِرْغَامَةٌ: see ضِرْغَامٌ. b2: Hence, as being likened to a lion, (TA,) (tropical:) Courageous; (K, TA;) as an epithet applied to a man. (TA.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) A powerful stallion [camel]. (K.) b4: And (tropical:) A strong man; (K, TA;) as being likened to a lion. (TA.) b5: And ضِرْغَامَةٌ مِنْ طِينٍ is said in the Nawádir el-Aaráb to mean Slime, or mire. (TA.)

غلصم

Q. 1 غَلْصَمَهُ, (S, TA,) inf. n. غَلْصَمَةٌ, (K, TA,) He cut, or severed, his غَلْصَمَة [here app. meaning larynx, or upper part of the windpipe: compare حَلْقَمَهُ]. (S, K, * TA.) b2: And He took hold of, or laid hold upon, or seized, his غَلْصَمَة [here, likewise, app. meaning as expl. above: see the pass. part. n., below]. (K, TA.) غَلْصَمٌ: see the next paragraph.

الغَلْصَمَةُ [The epiglottis: and also, app. by extension of the primary signification, the larynx, or upper part of the windpipe:] the thing that rises up in the uppermost part of the throat, and is said to throw the meat and drink into the œsophagus, or gullet: (Zj, in his “ Khalk-el-Insán: ”) the piece of flesh [or cartilage] that is between the head and the neck: or the عُجْرَة [or projecting thing] that is upon the place where the uvula and gullet meet: (K:) or [by an extended application] the head of the حُلْقُوم [or windpipe], (S, Msb, K,) with its [ducts called] شَوَارِب [q. v. voce شَارِبٌ] and its حَرْقَدَة [app. meaning pomum Adami]; (K;) i. e. the projecting place [or part] in the حَلْق [here app. meaning, as it does in many cases, throat]: (S, Msb:) or the root, or base, of the tongue: (K:) or the place where the حُلْقُوم [or windpipe, i. e. the head thereof,] becomes in conjunction with the حَلْق [or fauces] when the eater swallows a mouthful and it descends from [over] the حُلْقُوم: (TA:) pl. غَلَاصِمُ. (Msb.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) The chiefs, lords, nobles, or men of distinction: and the congregated or collective body [of a people], or the mass [thereof]; syn. الجَمَاعَةُ: (K:) pl. as above. (TA.) and [hence] one says, هُوَ فِى غَلْصَمَةٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ i. e. فِى

شَرَفٍ وَعَدَدٍ [meaning (assumed tropical:) He is among (such as are distinguished by) nobility and number, of his people], (ISk, K, TA,) [or] meaning, accord. to As, he is among the chief portion of his people, and the nobility thereof: (TA:) [and in the same sense ↓ غَلْصَم is used, without ة, but perhaps only by poetic license:] Abu-n-Nejm says, أَبِى لُجَيْمٌ وَاسْمُهُ مِلْءُ الفَمِ فِى غَلْصَمِ الهَامِ وَهَامِ غَلْصَمِ [(assumed tropical:) My father is, or was, Lujeym, and his fame (a tropical rendering) is what fills the mouth; one among the chief portion and the nobility of the headmen, and among headmen of a chief portion and of nobility]. (TA.) مُغَلْصَمٌ pass. part. n. of Q. 1. b2: مُغَلْصَمَاتٌ means Women having the necks bound. (K, TA.) A poet says, غَدَاةَ عَهِدْتُهُنَّ مُغَلْصَمَاتٍ

لَهُنَّ بِكُلِّ مَحْنِيَةٍ لَحِيمُ [In the morning when I met with them having their necks bound, (app. as captives,) they having in every bend of a valley or the like some one slain]. (TA.)