شحذ

1 شَحَذَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. شَحْذٌ, (S,) He sharpened (S, A, Msb, K) a knife, (S, A, L, K,) and a sword, and the like, (L,) or an iron implement, (Msb), with a whetstone or other similar thing; (TA;) as also ↓ اشحذ; (K;) and ↓ شحّذ, inf. n. تَشْحِيذٌ. (KL.) b2: [Hence,] شَحَذْتَ عَلَيْنَا لِسَانَكَ (tropical:) [Thou hast sharpened against us thy tongue]. (A and TA in art. رهف.) And اِشْحَذْ لَهُ غَرْبَ ذِهْنِكَ (tropical:) [Sharpen thou for it the edge of thine intellect]. (A.) And شَحَذَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ, (K,) or بِبَصَرِهِ, (A,) (tropical:) He looked sharply at him. (K, * TA.) And شَحَذَ الجُوعُ مَعِدَتَهُ (assumed tropical:) Hunger made his stomach keen, and strengthened it, (L,) and inflamed it. (L, K.) b3: Hence also, i. e. from شَحَذَ in the sense first expl. above, (Har p. 377,) فُلَانٌ يَشْحَذُ النَّاسَ, (inf. n. شَحْذٌ, K,) (tropical:) Such a one begs importunately of men: (A, K, * and Har ubi suprà:) and شَحَذْتُهُ I begged importunately of him. (Msb.) b4: and شَحَذَهُ (assumed tropical:) He drove him away; namely, a man; (K;) as also ↓ تشحّذهُ, (CK, and so accord. to the O,) or ↓ شحّذهُ, (K accord. to the TA,) inf. n. تَشْحِيذٌ. (TA.) [See also 5 below.] And شَحَذْتُهُ, (O, TA,) inf. n. as above, (K,) (assumed tropical:) I drove him vehemently. (O, K, * TA.) b5: شَحْذٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The being angry. (K.) You say, شَحَذَ عَلَيْهِ (assumed tropical:) He was angry with him. (TK.) b6: And i. q. قَشْرٌ [The act of paring, or peeling, &c.]. (O, K.) You say, شَحَذَهُ, i. e. قَشَرَهُ [He pared it, peeled it, &c.]. (TK.) 2 شَحَّذَ see above, in two places.3 شَاحَذَنِى, inf. n. شِحَاذٌ, He assisted me, by alternating with me, (رَاسَلَنِى,) and did like as I did, in sharpening a sword and the like. (Ham p. 533.) A2: شاحذت النَّاقَةُ The she-camel raised her tail, and then twisted it vehemently, when in labour, being near to bringing forth. (O, K.) 4 أَشْحَذَ see 1, first sentence.5 رَأَيْتُهُ يَتَشَحَّذُ (tropical:) [I saw him applying himself to importunate begging]. (A, TA. [In both this meaning is indicated by the context.]) A2: تَشَحَّذَنِى

فُلَانٌ (assumed tropical:) Such a one drove me away, and subjected me to trouble, or difficulty. (TA.) See also 1.

شَحَذَانٌ (assumed tropical:) [Having a keen appetite;] hungry. (S, M, L, K.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) A vehement driver. (K TA. [See also مِشْحَذٌ.]) b3: And (assumed tropical:) Light, or active, in his work (فِى سَعْيِهِ). (O, K.) شُحْذُوذٌ, applied to a man, i. q. نَزِقٌ (assumed tropical:) [Light, and unsteady, or lightwitted; &c.]. (TA.) شَحِيذٌ, applied to a knife [&c.], Sharpened; (Lth, A, TA;) as also ↓ مَشْحُوذٌ. (Lth, TA.) شَحَّاذٌ (tropical:) An importunate beggar: (A, K: *) one should not say شَحَّاثٌ: (K:) the latter is said by IB to be a vulgar corruption; but several authors assert it to be correct, because ذ is changed into ث without any error in speech, as is asserted by El-Khafájee and others; and accord. to the A, both these words signify as above: (TA in art. شحث, and partly repeated in the present art.:) [it is said, however, that] شَحَّاذٌ meaning a beggar does not occur in the language of the Arabs. (Har p. 377.) مِشْحَذٌ A whetstone; or thing with which, or upon which, one sharpens. (S, K.) b2: And [hence,] A rough, severe, or violent, driver: (O, K: [see also شَحَذَانٌ:] and applied also as an epithet to a driving. (O.) مَشْحَذَةٌ [A cause, or means, of sharpening: a word of the class of مَجْبَنَةٌ &c.]. One says, هٰذَا كَلَامٌ مَشْحَذَةٌ لِلْفَهْمِ (tropical:) [This is discourse that is a cause, or means, of sharpening of the understanding]. (A.) مِــشْحَاذٌ An [elevation such as is termed] أَكَمَة, wide within, (O, K, TA,) not rough in the stones [thereof], but extending long upon the earth, not having in it trees nor soft ground: (O, TA:) or, accord. to ISh, (O, TA,) level ground, (O, K, TA,) in which are pebbles like those [that are strewn in the court] of the mosque, and in which is no mountain: but he says that ADk disapproves the word: (O, TA:) accord. to Fr, (O,) the head of a mountain, (O, K, TA,) when sharp, or pointed: pl. مَشَاحِذُ. (O.) مَشْحُوذٌ: see شَحِيذٌ. b2: فُلَانٌ مَشْحُوذٌ عَلَيْهِ (tropical:) Such a one is an object of anger. (O, TA.)

رضع

1 رَضِعَ أُمَّهُ, aor. ـَ and رَضَعَ, aor. ـِ (S, Msb, * K;) the former of the dial. of Tihámeh; (O, L;) the latter of the dial. of Nejd; (S, O, L;) or the former of the dial. of Nejd; and the latter of the dial. of Tihámeh, and used by the people of Mekkeh; (Msb;) and رَضَعَ, (Msb,) i. e. رَضَعَ ثَدْىَ أُمِّهِ, (IKtt, TA,) aor. ـَ (IKtt, Msb;) inf. n. رَضَاعٌ, (S, Msb, K,) of the first, (S, TA,) or of the third, (Msb,) and رِضَاعٌ, (K,) [which is also an inf. n. of 3,] and رَضَعٌ, (Msb, K,) of the first, (Msb, TA,) and رَضْعٌ, (S, Msb, K,) of the second, (S, Msb,) and رَضِعٌ, (Msb, K,) said by some to be the original form of the inf. n. of the second, (Msb,) and رَضَاعَةٌ, (Msb, K,) of the third, (Msb,) and رِضَاعَةٌ; (K;) or the last two are simple substs. form رَضَاعٌ; (IAth;) said of a child; (S, Msb;) He sucked the breast of his mother; (K;) and ↓ ارتضع signifies the same. (Msb, TA.) You say, هٰذَا أَخِى مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ [This is my foster-brother]; and هٰذَا رَضِيعِى. (S, K. *) The saying, in a trad., الرَّضَاعَةُ مِنَ المَجَاعَةِ, and الرِّضَاعَةُ, means The sucking which occasions interdiction of marriage [with the woman whose milk is sucked and certain of her relations] is that of an infant when hungry; not of a child that is grown up: (IAth:) or that consequent upon hunger which is stopped by the milk in the time of infancy of the child; not when the child's hunger is only to be stopped by solid food. (Mgh in art. جوع.) You also say, of a man, يَرْضَعُ إِبِلَهُ (S, K) and غَنَمَهُ (S) [He sucks the teats of his camels and of his ewes or she-goats, by reason of his sordidness: see رَاضِعٌ]. b2: رَضِعَ اللُّؤْمَ مِنْ ثَدْىِ

أُمِّهِ (tropical:) [He sucked meanness, sordidness, or ignobleness, from the breast of his mother]; (K;) i. e. he was born in meanness, sordidness, or ignobleness. (TA.) b3: يَرْضَعُ النَّاسَ (assumed tropical:) He begs of men; (K, TA;) asks gifts of them. (TA.) So, accord. to IAar, in the saying of Jereer, وَيَرْضَعُ مَنْ لَا قَى وَإِنْ يَرَ مُقْعَدًا يَقُودُ بِأَعْمَى فَالْفَرَزْدَقُ سَائلُهْ [And he begs of him whom he meets; and if he see a cripple leading a blind person, El-Farezdak asks of him]: but [properly speaking] the مُقعَد is one who cannot stand, so as to lead the blind. (TA.) b4: هُوَ يَرْضَعُ الدُّنْيَا وَيَذُمُّهَا (tropical:) [He sucks the sweets of the present world, and dispraises it]. (TA.) A2: رَضُعَ, (S, Z, K,) with damm, as though what the verb denotes were natural to the person of whom it is said, (S, TA,) or the verb has this form because it is changed in meaning so as to be intensive, (Z, TA,) aor. ـُ and رَضَعَ, aor. ـِ (Ibn-'Abbád, K;) inf. n., (Z, K,) of the former verb, (Z, TA,) رَضَاعَةً, (Z, K,) with fet- h only; (IAth, TA;) (tropical:) He (a man, S) was, or became, mean, sordid, or ignoble: (S, * K, TA:) or he was, or became, very mean, &c.: (Z, TA:) [see رَاضَعٌ:] or one says, لَؤُمَ وَرَضُعَ, for the sake of mutual resemblance; and the meaning is, [he was, or became, mean, sordid, or ignoble, and] he sucked from the teat of the she-camel, fearing lest, if he milked, any one should know of his doing so, and demand of him somewhat. (Msb.) A3: رَضَعَتْ أَلْبَانُهَا (tropical:) Their milk became little in quantity; said in reference to milch-camels abounding with milk. (TA. [But the context in the TA suggests that this is a mistake; that the phrase is said of the wind called رَضَاعَةٌ; and that the right reading is رَضَعَتْ أَلْبَانَهَا; and the meaning, (assumed tropical:) It rendered their milk little in quantity.]) 3 راضعهُ, (Msb, TA,) inf. n. مُرَاضَعَةٌ and رِضَاعٌ (Msb, K, TA) and also رِضَاعَةٌ, (Msb,) [but this last is anomalous, and, if correct, is probably a simple subst.,] He sucked with him; or had him sucking with him; (Msb, * K, * TA;) he had him as his رَضِيع [or foster-brother]. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] بَيْنَهُمَا رِضَاعُ الكَأْسِ (tropical:) [Between them two is the sipping of the wine-cup, or cup of wine]. (TA.) b3: مُرَاضَعَةٌ also signifies An infant's sucking the breast of his mother while she has a child in her belly. (K.) A2: راضع ابْنَهُ He gave, or delivered, his son to the woman who should suckle him. (S, K.) [See also 4.]4 أَرْضَعَتْ She (a woman) had a child which she suckled. (K.) b2: ذَاتُ إِرْضَاعٍ, also, signifies (assumed tropical:) Having milk, though not having a child that is suckled. (IB.) A2: أَرْضْعَتْهُ أُمُّهُ His mother suckled him. (S, Msb, K. *) b2: You say also, أَرْضَعَ الوَلَدَ [app. meaning He caused the child to be suckled: or, perhaps, he suckled the child, by means of his wife or a female slave; because his semen genitale is considered as the source of the milk of a woman who has borne him a child; accord. to a saying of Lth, cited in an explanation of a usage of the word لَقَاحٌ or لِقَاحٌ]. (K voce مَلَحَ, q. v.) [See also 3.]6 تراضعا They both sucked the breast of a woman together; each with the other. (TA.) 8 ارتضع: see 1; first sentence. b2: ارتضعت العَنْزُ The she-goat drank [or sucked] her own milk [from her udder]. (S, K.) b3: Hence اِرْتِضَاعُ الكَأْسِ (assumed tropical:) The drinking [of the cup] of wine. (Har p. 284: [See also 3.]) 10 استرضع He sought, or demanded, a wetnurse. (K.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 233], وَإِنْ أَرَدْتُمْ أَنْ تَسْتَرْضِعُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ And if ye desire to seek, or demand, wet-nurses for your children; i. e., ان تسترضعوا اولادكم مَرَاضِعَ; the second objective complement [accord. to this order of the words], but the first in reality because the wetnurse is the agent with respect to the child, being suppressed; for you say, اِسْتَرْضَعْتُ المَرْأَةَ وَلَدِى, meaning I sought, or demanded, of the woman that she should suckle my child: (IB:) accord. to some, the verb is doubly trans.: accord. to others, the prep. لِ is suppressed in the Kur; the meaning being لِأَوْلَادِكُمْ. (El-Howfee, in the “ Burhán fee tefseer-el-Kur-án. ”) رِضْعٌ A kind of trees upon which camels feed. (O, K.) رَضَعٌ The young ones [or suckers] of palmtrees; (IAar, K;) as also رَصَعٌ, (K,) accord. to Lth and IDrd and the S; (TA in art. رصع;) or the latter, accord. to Az, is a mistranscription: (K * and TA in that art.:) n. un. with ة. (TA.) A2: (tropical:) Meanness, sordidness, or ignobleness; a subst. from رَضُعَ; as also ↓ رَضِعٌ. (K.) رَضِعٌ: see رَاضِعٌ, in two places: A2: : and see رَضَعٌ.

رَضِيعٌ A foster-brother; syn. ↓ مُرَاضَعٌ: pl. رُضَعَآءُ (TA.) You say, هٰذَا رَضِيعِى, (S, Msb, * K, *) i. e. هٰذَا أَخِى مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ [This is my foster-brother]. (S, K. *) b2: [A child while it is a suckling;] a child before it is termed فَطِيمٌ [i. e. weaned]. (IAar, TA in art. طبخ. [See also رَاضَعٌ.]) [In explanations of the words وَطْبٌ and شَكْوَةٌ in the S, it is applied as an epithet to a kid, evidently as meaning Sucking; or a suckling; like رَاضِعٌ, q. v., and رَضِعٌ.] b3: See two other significations, voce رَاضَغٌ, in two places.

رَضَاعَةٌ, said in the K to be an inf. n. of 1 in the first of the senses explained in this art., is, accord. to IAth, a simple subst. (TA.) b2: [It is a regular inf. n. of رَضُعَ, q. v.]

A2: الرَّضَاعَةُ also signifies (tropical:) The [west wind, or westerly wind, called] دَبُور: or a wind between that and the [south wind, or southerly wind, called] جَنُوب: (IDrd, K, TA:) because, when it blows upon the milch-camels abounding with milk, their milk becomes little in quantity. (IDrd, TA.) رِضَاعَةٌ, said in the K to be an inf. n. of 1 in the first of the senses expl. in this art., is, accord. to IAth, a simple subst. (TA.) b2: [It is also said, in the Msb, to be an inf. n. of رَاضَعَهُ, q. v.]

رَضُوعَةٌ A female that suckles her young: (TA:) or a ewe or she-goat that suckles, or that has a young one which she suckles. (AO, S, K.) رَضَّاعٌ: see the next paragraph.

رَاضَعٌ Sucking the breast of his mother; a suckling; as also ↓ رَضِعٌ: pl. of the former رُضَّعٌ; and of the latter; رُضُعٌ. (K. [See also رَضِيعٌ, which signifies the same; as is shown below, voce مُرْضِعٌ; and by Bd in xxii. 2; &c.]) b2: One who sucks from the teat of the she-camel, fearing lest, if he milked, any one should know of his doing so, and demand of him somewhat: (Msb:) or a pastor who does not take with him a milkingvessel, and, when he is asked for milk, excuses himself on that ground, (K, TA,) and, when he desires to drink, sucks the teat of his milchbeast: (TA:) pl. رُضَّعٌ. (Msb.) The phrase لَئِيمٌ رَاضِعٌ [i. e. Mean, sordid, or ignoble; who sucks the teats of his she-camels, &c.,] originated, (S, K,) as they assert, (S,) from a certain man's sucking the teats of his she-camels (S, K) or ewes or she-goats, and not milking them, (S,) lest the sound of his milking should be heard and somewhat should be demanded of him: (S, K:) or the origin was the coming of a guest by night to a certain man of the Amalekites, whereupon the latter sucked the udder of his ewe, lest the guest should hear the sound of the streaming of the milk from the teat. (IDrd.) But when a single epithet is used, one says ↓ رَضِيعٌ. (Msb. [See, however, what follows.]) b3: [Hence,] (tropical:) Mean, sordid, or ignoble; (K, TA;) as also ↓ رَضِيعٌ and ↓ رَضَّاعٌ: pl. رُضَّعٌ and رُضَّاعٌ: (K:) and رَضِعُونَ, as a pl., [i. e. pl. of ↓ رَضِعٌ,] has the same signification, of mean, &c. (TA.) It is said in a trad. of Selemeh Ibn-El-Akwa', اليُوْمَ يُوْمُ الرُّضَّعِ, meaning (tropical:) To-day is the day of the destruction of the mean, &c. (TA.) b4: Also (tropical:) Mean, sordid, or ignoble, who has sucked meanness, sordidness, or ignobleness, from the breast of his mother; (ElYemámee, K, TA;) i. e. born in meanness, sordidness, or ignobleness. (TA.) b5: (tropical:) A beggar: (TA:) one who begs of men: (K:) thus Ibn-'Abbád explains لَئِيمٌ رَاضِعٌ. (TA.) b6: (assumed tropical:) One who eats the particles of food remaining between his teeth, lest anything [thereof] should escape him: (K:) or such is termed لَئِيمٌ رَاضِعٌ. (TA.) A2: A possessor of milk: after the usual manner of a possessive epithet [like لَابِنٌ]. (TA.) رَاضِعَةٌ A central incisor when it falls out: (Msb:) or the رَاضِعَتَانِ are the two central incisors (S, Msb, K, TA) of a child, (S K, TA,) over which the milk is drunk [or sucked]: (Msb, TA:) pl. رَوَاضَعُ: (S, Msb, K:) or the رَوَاضِع are the teeth of a child that grow and then fall out in the period of sucking; (Msb, * TA;) and they are said to be six in the upper part of the mouth and six in its lower part: (TA:) [the pl. is applied to all the milk-teeth of a child, and of a horse &c.; it applies to the teeth called رَبَاعِيَات that fall out, as well as to the ثَنَايَا, or central incisors, accord. to AO, in a passage relating to a colt, in his كتاب الخيل quoted in the TA in art. حفر; and to the teeth called قَوَارِح that fall out, accord. to a passage in the S, voce أَحْفَرَ, q. v., as well as the extract from the work of AO mentioned above, and in this case likewise relating to a colt.]

مَرْضَعٌ The breast, as being the place of sucking: pl. مَرَاضِعُ. (Ksh and Bd in xxviii. 11.) b2: and [as an inf. n.] The act of sucking the breast: pi. as above. (Ksh and Bd ibid.) مُرْضَعٌ Suckled: pl. مَرَاضَعُ; which is opposed to فُطُمٌ, pl. of فَطِيمٌ. (Mgh.) مُرْضِعٌ and مُرْضَعَةٌ A mother [or other woman] suckling: (Msb:) or one having with her a child which she suckles: the former epithet may with reason be applied to the mother because suckling is performed only by females, like as the epithets حَائِضٌ and طَامِثٌ are applied to a woman; and if مُرْضَعَةٌ were applied to her who has with her a child, it would be correct: (Fr, TA:) [but see another saying ascribed to Fr in what follows:] or the former, a woman having a child which she suckles; (Kh, S, IB, K;) after the manner of a possessive epithet; (IB;) i. e. having a رَضِيع; (Kh, IB;) like اِمْرَأَةٌ مُطْفِلٌ “ a woman having a طِفْل; ” (Kh;) or ظَبْيَةٌ مُشْدِنٌ “ a doe-gazelle having a شَادِن; ” though مُرْضِعٌ has a verb bearing a signification agreeing with this; and it sometimes occurs as meaning having milk, though not having a child that is suckled: (IB:) but the latter is used in describing a woman as performing an action; (Kh;) signifying suckling a child: (S, K:) the former is used when the [abstract] quality is meant: the latter, when the action is meant: but God knows: (Akh:) or the former signifies one who is near to suckling, but has not yet suckled: and one having with her the child that is suckled [by her] (الصَّبِىُّ الرَّضِيعُ): and the latter, [in the TA the former, but this is a mistranscription, as is shown by what follows,] one who is suckling, her teat being in the mouth of her child; and in this sense it is used in the Kur, in a passage which see below: (Az in the TA:) Th says, the latter signifies one who suckles, though she have not a child, or if she have a child: and the former, one who has not a child with her, and sometimes having with her a child: and in one place he says, when the action is meant, the latter is used, and it is made an epithet: and when the ة is not added, it is meant as a subst: (TA:) Fr and some others say that it is without ة when the proper signification of suckling is meant: and with ة when the tropical signification of a subject of the attribute of suckling in time past or future is meant: (Msb:) the pl. [of both, though said in the Mgh and TA to be that of the former,] is مَرَاضِعُ (Mgh, Msb, TA) and مَرَاضِيعُ. (Msb, TA.) The saying in the Kur [xxii. 2], يَوْمَ تَرَوْنَهَا تَذْهَلُ كُلُّ مُرْضِعَةٍ عَمَّا

أَرْضَعَتْ means [On the day when ye shall see it,] every woman that is suckling;, (Az, Kh,) in the act of doing so, (Kh,) with her teat in the mouth of her child; (Az,) [shall neglect, or become heedless of or diverted from, that which she shall have been suckling:] or مرضعة here has the last signification explained in the preceding sentence [so that the meaning is every woman who shall have been suckling or shall be going to suckle]. (Msb.) b2: It is said in a trad., نِعْمَتِ المُرْضِعَةُ وَبِئْسَتِ الفَاطِمَةُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) Excellent in the office of commander, or governor, and the profit, or advantage, which it brings to its possessor; and very evil is death, which destroys his delights, or pleasures, and stops the profits, or advantages, of that office. (TA.) b3: The pl. مَرَاضِيعُ is metaphorically applied as an epithet to bees (جَوَارِس, i. e. نَحْل). (TA.) مُرَاضَعٌ: see رَضِيعٌ. b2: Also An unborn child of a woman who is suckling another child: such a child proves to be meagre in body, slender in the bones, and ill nourished. (En-Nadr, Sgh.) مُسْتَرْضَعٌ [for مُسْتَرْضَعٌ لَهُ, agreeably with an opinion mentioned by El-Howfee, (see 10,) One for whom a wet-nurse has been sought, or demanded]. You say, فُلَانٌ المُسْتَرْضَعُ فِى بَنِى تَمِيمٍ [Such a one is he for whom a wet-nurse has been sought, or demanded, among the Benoo-Temeem]. (TA.)

س

أل1 سَأَلَهُ (S, M, K) with كَذَا following it, and سَأَلَهُ عَنْ كَذَا and بِكَذَا, (S, * K,) aor. ـْ (M,) inf. n. سُؤَالٌ and مَسْأَلَةٌ, (S, M, K,) which latter is also pronounced مَسَلَةٌ, without the hemzeh, (TA,) and تَسْآلٌ and سَآلَةٌ, (M, K,) and سَأَلَةٌ or سَأْلَةٌ, (accord. to different copies of the K, the former of these two accord. to the TA, [and it appears from a statement that will be found below, voce سُؤْلٌ, that one of these is correct, but in an excel-lent copy of the M, in the place thereof, I find, and ↓ سَآءَلَهُ, as a verb, doubly trans., first thus by itself, and secondly by means of عَنْ, as shown by an ex. in a verse cited below, (see 3,) and this also is correct,]) all [sometimes] signify the same, (S, * K,) i. e. He asked him such a thing; or asked him, interrogated him, questioned him, or inquired of him, respecting such a thing: but عن كذا is more common than بكذا: when سَأَلَ means the asking, or demanding, of property, it is trans. [only] by itself or by means of مِنْ [so that you say سَأَلَهُ كَذَا and سَأَلَ مِنْهُ كَذَا meaning he asked, or demanded, of him such a thing]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and one says also سَالَ, aor. ـَ (Akh, S, M, Msb, K,) like خَافَ, aor. ـَ (Msb, K;) which is of the dial. of Hudheyl; the medial letter of this being originally و, as is shown by the phrase, mentioned by Az, هُمَا يَتَسَاوَلَانِ: (TA:) [respecting this dial. var., see what follows:] the imperative (S, Msb, K, TA;) of سَأَلَ (S, Msb, TA) is اِسْأَلْ; (S, M, Msb, K, TA;) and (S, K, &c.) that of سَالَ, (S, Msb, TA,) سَلْ, (S, Msb, K, TA,) dual. سَلَا, and pl. سَلُوا, [these two being] irregular; (Msb;) and AAF mentions that Aboo-'Othmán heard one say اِسَلْ, [a form omitted in some copies of the K, but mentioned in the CK,] meaning اِسْأَلْ, suppressing the ء, and transferring its vowel to the preceding letter, like as some of the Arabs said لَحْمَرُ for الأَحْمَرُ [as many do in the present day]: (M:) accord. to ISd, (TA,) the Arabs universally suppress the ء in the imperative except when they prefix to it فَ or وَ; (M, TA;) saying فَاسْأَلْ and وَاسْأَلْ: (TA:) or when وَ [or فَ] is prefixed, it is allowable to pronounce the ء and also to suppress it, as in saying وَاسْأَلُوا and وَسَلُوا: (Msb:) and for the pass. سُئِلَ, one may say سِيلَ, and سُيِلَ, in this instance making the kesreh to partake of the sound of dammeh, and سُولَ; and also سُيِلَ, in which the middle letter is pronounced with a sound between that of ء and that of ى, or resembling that of و. (IJ, TA.) As Er-Rághib says, سُؤَالٌ signifies The asking, or demanding, knowledge, or information, or what leads thereto: and the asking, or demanding, property, or what leads thereto. (TA.) سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ means I asked of him information respecting the thing: (IB, TA: [and the like is said in the Msb:]) and سَأَلْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ [is sometimes used in the same sense, as has been shown above, but generally] means I asked him to give me the thing: (IB, TA:) you say, سَأَلَهُ مَالًا He asked, demanded, or begged, of him property, and in like manner, سَأَلَ مِنْهُ and سَأَلَ إِلَيْهِ [followed by مَالًا]: (MA:) and سَأَلْتُ اللّٰهَ العَافِيَةَ, inf. n. سُؤَالٌ and مَسْأَلَةٌ, I begged, or sought, of God health, or freedom from disease, &c. (Msb.) The saying in the Kur [lxx. 1], سَأَلَ سَائِلٌ بِعَذَابٍ وَاقِعٍ means عَنْ عَذَابٍ [i. e. An asker asked respecting a falling punishment]: (S:) [for] one says, خَرَجْنَا نَسْأَلُ عَنْ فُلَانٍ and بِفُلَانٍ [meaning We went forth asking respecting such a one]: (Akh, S:) or the phrase in the Kur means a caller called [for a falling punishment]: (TA:) and some read سَالَ سَائِلٌ بعذاب واقع, (Bd, TA,) [likewise] from السُّؤَالُ: (Bd:) or this means سَالَ وَادٍ بعذاب واقع [i. e. a valley flowed with a falling punishment]; (Bd, TA;) so some say; (TA;) from السَّيَلَانُ. (Bd.) The saying, in a trad., نَهَى عَنْ كَثْرَةِ السَّؤَالِ [He (Mohammad) forbade much questioning or inquiring] is said to relate to subtile questions or inquiries, that are needless; like another trad., mentioned below, voce, مَسْأَلَةٌ: or to the begging, of men, their property needlessly. (TA.) 3 سَآءَلَهُ, (M, TA,) inf. n. مُسَآءَلَةٌ: (TA:) see 1, first sentence. Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, أَسَآءَلْتَ رَسْمَ الدَّارِ أَمْ لَمْ تُسَائِلِ عَنِ السَّكْنِ أَمْ عَنْ عَهْدِهِ بِالأَوَائِلِ [Didst thou ask the remains of the dwelling, or didst thou not ask, respecting the inhabitants, or respecting their knowledge of the former occupants?]. (M, TA.) b2: In the saying of Bilál Ibn-Jereer, وَجَدْتَ بِهِمْ عِلَّةً حَاضِرَهْ إِذَا ضِفْتَهُمْ أَوْ سَآيَلْتَهُمْ [When thou becomest their guest, or askest of them, thou findest with them a ready excuse], سَآيَلْتَهُمْ is a combination of two dial. vars.; the ء being in the original phrase سَآءَلْتُ زَيْدًا, and the ى being a substitute in the phrase سَايَلْتُ زَيْدًا; the measure of سَآيَلْتَهُمْ being فَعَايَلْتَهُمْ: (M, K: *) so said Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà, [i. e. Th,] who had at first ignored the expression: (M:) and it is an instance of which we know not a parallel in the language. (M, K. *) b3: [Accord. to analogy, سَآءَلَهَ also signifies He asked him, &c., being asked by him, &c. b4: And Freytag states that Reiske has explained سَآءَلَ as meaning He always demanded that another should express wishes for his health: but I know not any instance of its being used in this sense.]4 أَسْاَ^َ ↓ أَسْأَلَهُ سُؤْلَهُ, (K,) or ↓ سُؤْلَتَهُ, (S,) and ↓ مَسْأَلَتَهُ, (S, K,) He accomplished for him his want. (S, K.) 5 تسأّل, in the modern language, signifies He begged, or asked alms; as also تَسَوَّلَ: both probably post-classical.]6 تَسَآءَلُوا They asked, or begged, one another. (S, Msb, K.) You say, هُمَا يَتَسَآءَلَانِ, (M,) and also يَتَسَاوَلَانِ, (M, Msb, K,) and يَتَسَايَلَانِ. (TA.) In the Kur [iv. 1], some read وَاتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ الَّذِى تَسَّآءَلُونَ بِهِ; and others, تَسَآءَلُونَ بِهِ: in each case, originally تَتَسَآءَلُونَ: the meaning is, [and fear ye God,] by Whom ye demand [one of another] your rights, or dues: (M:) or by Whom ye ask, or demand, one of another; (Bd, Jel;) saying, I ask thee, or beg thee, by God; and I beseech thee, or adjure thee, by God. (Jel.) b2: One says also تَسَآءَلُوا القَوْمَ, meaning They [together] asked, or begged, the people. (Mgh in art. نقض.) سُؤْلٌ, (S, M, K;) also pronounced سُولٌ, without ء, (S, K,) [A petition; or a request; meaning] a thing that people ask or beg; (S;) or a thing that one has asked or begged; (M, K;) as also ↓ سُؤْلَةٌ, (IJ, M, K,) which is likewise pronounced سُولَةٌ, without ء; (K;) and ↓ سُؤُولٌ; (Har p. 422; [or this is app. pl. of سُؤْلٌ, like as بُرُوجٌ is of بُرْجٌ, and بُرُودٌ of بُرْدٌ, &c.;]) [and ↓ سَأْلَةٌ or سَأَلَةٌ, as will be shown by what follows;] and ↓ مَسْؤُولٌ; (Msb;) [and ↓ مَسْأَلَةٌ:] see 4: the first of these said by Z to be of the measure فُعْلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; like عُرْفٌ and نُكْرٌ. (TA.) Thus in the Kur [xx. 36], قَدْ أُوتِيتَ سُؤْلَكَ يَا مُوسَى

Thou hast been granted thy petition, or the thing that thou hast asked, O Moses. (S, M, TA.) In the saying ↓ اَللّٰهُمَّ أَعْطِنَا سَأَلَاتِنَا [O God, grant Thou us our petitions], mentioned by Aboo-'Alee on the authority of Az, the inf. n. is used as a subst., properly so termed, and is therefore pluralized. (M.) سَأْلَةٌ or سَأَلَةٌ; pl. سَأَلَاتٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

سُؤْلَةٌ: see 4: and see also سْؤْلٌ.

سُؤَلَةٌ, (S, K,) also pronounced سُوَلَةٌ, (TA,) A man (S) who asks, or begs, much; (S, K;) as also ↓ سَأّلٌ, and ↓ سَؤُولٌ: (TA:) such is improperly termed ↓ سَائِلٌ. (Durrat el-Ghowwás, in De Sacy's Anthol. Gramm. Ar., p. 47 of the Ar. text.) سُؤَالٌ an inf. n. of 1. (S, M, K, &c.) b2: [It is often used as a subst. properly so called; like مَسْأَلَةٌ; meaning A question; an interrogation; correlative of جَوَابٌ: and a demand, or petition: and as such has a pl., سُؤَالَاتٌ; perhaps postclassical.]

سَؤُولٌ: see سُؤَلَةٌ.

سُؤُولٌ: see سُؤْلٌ [of which it is app. pl.].

سَأّلٌ: see سُؤَلَةٌ.

سَائِلٌ [i. e. Asking; meaning interrogating, questioning, or inquiring; and demanding, or begging;] has for its pl. سَأَلَةٌ and سُؤَّالٌ. (TA.) See سُؤَلَةٌ. b2: It also means [A beggar; i. e.] a poor man asking, or begging, a thing. (Er-Rághib, TA.) So it has been expl. as used in the Kur [xciii. 10], where it is said, وَأَمَّا السَّائِلَ فَلَا تَنْهَرْ [And as for the beggar, thou shalt not chide him, or address him with rough speech]: or, accord. to El-Hasan, it here means the seeker of knowledge. (TA.) مَسْأَلَةٌ, an inf. n. of 1, is tropically used in the sense of a pass. part. n. [with the noun qualified by it understood; meaning (tropical:) A thing asked; i. e. a question; a problem, or proposition; a matter, or an affair, proposed for decision or determination]: (TA:) and the pl. is مَسَائِلُ. (Msb, TA.) So in the saying, تَعَلَّمْتُ مَسْأَلَةً (tropical:) [I learned a question, or problem, &c.]. (TA.) The saying, in a trad., كَرِهَ المَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا means (assumed tropical:) [He (Mohammad) disliked and discommended] subtile questions, such as are needless. (TA.) b2: See also سُؤْلٌ: b3: and see 4.

مَسْؤُولٌ [pass. part. n. of 1: and used as a subst.]: see سُؤْلٌ.

طلع

1 طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ [notwithstanding the faucial letter], (Msb, JM, TA,) inf. n. طُلُوعٌ and مَطْلَعٌ and مَطْلِعٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) the second and third both used as inf. ns., and also as ns. of place [and of time], (S, O, K,) but the former of them is preferable on the ground of analogy as an inf. n., and the latter as a n. of place (Fr, O) or of time, (Zj, O,) The sun rose, (MA,) or appeared; (K;) and in like manner طَلَعَ is said of the moon, (TA,) and of a star, or an asterism; (S, O, K;) and so ↓ اِطَّلَعَ; (K;) [and ↓ أَطْلَعَ, for] أَطْلَعَتِ الثُّرَيَّا means طَلَعَت [i. e. The Pleiades rose], as in a verse of El-Kumeyt [in which, however, the verb may, consistently with the metre, be a mistranscription for اطَّلَعَت]; (IB, TA); and أَطْلَعَ is syn. with طَلَعَ in the saying of Ru-beh, كَأَنَّهُ كَوْكَبُ غَيْمٍ أَطْلَعَا [As though it, or he, were a star in the midst of clouds, that had risen]. (TA.) One says also, آتِيكَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ طَلَعَتْهُ الشَّمْسُ, meaning طَلَعَتْ فِيهِ [i. e. I will come to thee every day in which the sun rises]: and it is said in a prayer, طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَلَا تَطْلُعُ بِنَفْسِ أَحَدٍ مِنَّا [meaning The sun has risen, and may it not have risen with the soul of any one of us]; i. e., may not any one of us have died with its rising: the future being put in the place of the preterite. (TA.) b2: And طَلَعَ is said of anything that appears to one from the upper part [of a thing, or that comes up out of a thing and appears]. (Mgh, Msb.) It is said in the Ksh that الطُّلُوعُ signifies The appearing by rising, or by becoming elevated. (TA.) One says, طَلَعَتْ سِنُّ الصَّبِىِّ (tropical:) The tooth of the child showed its point. (K, TA.) And طَلَعَ الزَّرْعُ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. طُلُوعٌ, (tropical:) The seed-produce began to come up, and showed its sprouting forth: (T, TA:) and الزَّرْعُ ↓ أَطْلَعَ (tropical:) The seed-produce appeared: (TA:) and نَبْتُ الأَرْضِ ↓ أَطْلَعَ (assumed tropical:) The plants, or herbage, of the earth, or land, came forth: (Mgh:) and الشَّجَرُ ↓ أَطْلَعَ (tropical:) The trees put forth their leaves. (TA.) And طَلَعَ النَّخْلُ, (O, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. طُلُوعٌ; (TA;) and (O, K) ↓ أَطْلَعَ; (Zj, S, Mgh, O, K;) or أَطْلَعَتِ النَّخْلَةُ; (Msb;) (assumed tropical:) The palm-trees, or -tree, put forth the طَلْع [q. v.]; (Zj, S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ طلّع, (L, K, TA,) inf. n. تَطْلِيعٌ. (L, TA. [These verbs, in this sense, are app. derived from the subst. طَلْعٌ; but this is obviously from طَلَعَ.]) b3: One says also, مَلَأْتُ لَهُ القَدَحَ حَتَّى يَكَادَ يَطْلُعُ مِنْ نَوَاحِيهِ [I filled for him the drinking-vessel until it nearly overflowed from its sides]. (TA.) And المَآءُ فِى الإِنَآءِ ↓ تَطَلَّعَ (assumed tropical:) The water in the vessel poured forth [or overflowed] from its sides. (TA.) b4: And طَلَعَ الجَبَلَ, (Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. طُلُوعٌ, (Msb, TA,) (tropical:) He ascended upon the mountain; (Mgh, Msb, K, TA;) the prep. [عَلَى] being suppressed; (Mgh;) as also طَلِعَ, with kesr; (K;) and الجَبَلَ ↓ اِطَّلَعَ signifies the same as طَلَعَهُ: (TA: [see also مُضْطَلِعٌ, in art. ضلع:]) accord. to ISk, one says, طَلِعْتُ الجَبَلَ, with kesr, meaning (assumed tropical:) I ascended upon the mountain; (S, O;) but others say, طَلَعْتُ, with fet-h. (O.) And (tropical:) He ascended the mountain: (TA:) [or] طَلَعْتُ فِى

الجَبَلِ means (assumed tropical:) I ascended the mountain. (Msb. [See also another explanation of this latter phrase in what follows.]) b5: And طَلَعَ عَلَيْنَا, aor. ـَ and طَلُعَ; and ↓ اِطَّلَعَ; (assumed tropical:) He (a man) came to us; (K;) and came upon us suddenly, or at unawares: (TA:) and طَلَعَ عَنْهُمْ he became absent, or absented himself, or departed, from them: (K:) or طَلَعَ عَلَى القَوْمِ he came forth upon the people, or party: and he looked upon them: (MA:) accord. to ISk, طَلَعْتُ عَلَى القَوْمِ means I came to the people, or party: and طَلَعْتُ عَنْهُمْ I became absent, or absented myself, or departed, from them: (S, O:) and عَلَيْهِمْ ↓ أَطْلَعْتُ signifies the same as طَلَعْتُ: (O:) and طَلَعْتُ عَنْهُمْ has the same meaning [also] as طَلَعْتُ عَنْهُمْ expl. above, accord. to ISk; عَلَى being put in the place of عن: accord. to Az [likewise], طَلَعْتُ عَلَى القَوْمِ, inf. n. طُلُوعٌ, means I became absent from the people, or party, so that they did not see me: and also I advanced, or approached, towards them, so that they saw me: thus having two contr. meanings: and accord. to Az, the Arabs said, طَلَعْتُ فِى الجَبَلِ, inf. n. طُلُوعٌ, as meaning I retired, or went back, into the mountain, so that my companion did not see me: [see another explanation of this phrase in what precedes:] and طَلَعْتُ عَنْ صَاحِبِى, inf. n. طُلُوعٌ, I retired, or went back, from my companion: and طَلَعْتُ عَنْ صَاحِبِى [in which عَنْ seems to be evidently a mistranscription for عَلَى] I advanced, or approached, towards my companion. (TA.) [In all of these phrases, طَلَعَ and طَلَعْتُ may be correctly rendered He, and I, came forth, or went forth. And hence,] it is said in a prov., هٰذِهِ يَمِينٌ قَدْ طَلَعَتْ فِى المَخَارِمِ [expl. in art. خرم, voce مَخْرِمٌ]. (Az, TA.) b6: For another meaning of طَلَعَ followed by عَلَى, see اِطَّلَعَ [which is more common as having that meaning]. b7: طَلَعَ is also syn. with قَصَدَ: so in the phrase طَلَعَ بِلَادَهُ (tropical:) [He tended, repaired, betook himself, or went, to, or towards, his country]: (K, TA:) and so in the saying, in a trad., هٰذَا بُسْرٌ قَدْ طَلَعَ اليَمَنَ, (so in the O,) or هذا بُرٌّ, (so in the TA,) (tropical:) [These are ripening dates, or this is wheat, that have, or has, gone to, or towards, El-Yemen,] meaning from Nejd. (TA.) b8: And syn. with بَلَغَ; as also ↓ اِطَّلَعَ: (O, K:) so the former in the saying, طَلَعَ أَرْضَهُمْ (tropical:) [He reached, or arrived at, their land]; (K, TA;) and مَتَى طَلَعْتَ أَرْضَنَا (tropical:) [When didst thou reach, or arrive at, our land?]: (O, TA:) and so the latter verb in the saying, هٰذِهِ الأَرْضَ ↓ اطّلع [He reached, or arrived at, this land]: (O, K:) and hence, (TA,) عَلَى الأَفْئِدَةِ ↓ الَّتِى تَطَّلِعُ, in the Kur [civ. 7], means (assumed tropical:) Whereof the pain shall reach the hearts: (Fr, O, TA:) or which shall rise above the hearts, (O, TA,) [or overwhelm them,] and burn them. (TA.) 2 طلّع said of the palm-tree: see 1, former half. b2: طلّعهُ, inf. n. تَطْلِيعٌ, meaning He put it forth, or produced it, is a vulgar word. (TA.) b3: طلّع كَيْلَهُ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) He filled his measure. (O, K.) 3 طالعهُ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. مُطَالَعَةٌ and طِلَاعٌ, (K,) i. q. اِطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِ; (S, O, K;) i. e., a thing: (S, O:) Lth says that طِلَاعٌ is syn. with اِطِّلَاعٌ; but Az disapproves this: (O:) [the verb is correctly explained in what here follows:] one says, طَالَعْتُ ضَيْعَتِى, meaning نَظَرْتُهَا وَاطَّلَعْتُ عَلَيْهَا (tropical:) [I inspected, or considered with my eye, my estate, and obtained a knowledge of it, or acquainted myself with its condition]: (TA:) or مُطَالَعَةٌ signifies the inspecting a thing well, in order to obtain a knowledge of it. (KL.) [Hence, مُطَالَعَةُ الكُتُبِ (assumed tropical:) The studying, and perusing, of books.]

A2: See also the next paragraph, latter half, in three places.4 أَطْلَعَ see 1, former half, in five places. b2: اطلعت النَّخْلَةُ signifies also (assumed tropical:) The palm-tree became tall. (Msb.) b3: And اطلع, also, (tropical:) He made his arrow to pass above the butt. (S, O, K, TA.) b4: and (tropical:) He vomited. (S, O, K, TA.) b5: And اطلعت السَّمَآءُ i. q. أَقْلَعَت [i. e. (assumed tropical:) The rain cleared away]. (TA.) b6: اطلع followed by عَلَى: see 1, latter half: b7: and see also 8. b8: And اطلع as syn. with أَشْرَفَ: see 8, in two places.

A2: اطلع رَأْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) [He raised his head, looking at a thing; or] he looked at a thing from above; syn. أَشْرَفَ عَلَى

شَىْءٍ. (TA.) b2: اطلعهُ عَلَى كَذَا (assumed tropical:) He made him acquainted with such a thing; acquainted him with it, or made him to know it. (Msb.) إِطْلَاعٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) The making to know, and to see. (KL.) For an ex. [of the latter meaning], in the pass. form of the verb, see 8. You say, اطلعهُ عَلَى سِرِّهِ, (S, O, K, TA,) (tropical:) He made him to know, (TA,) or revealed, or showed, to him, (O, K, TA,) his secret. (O, K, TA.) [See also 8, last sentence.] And بِحَقِيقَةِ الأَمْرِ ↓ أَنَا أُطَالِعُكَ meansأُطْلِعُكَ عَلَيْهِ (tropical:) [I will acquaint thee with the truth of the case]. (TA.) And similar to this is the saying, بِكُتُبِكَ ↓ طَالِعْنِى (TA [and a similar phrase is mentioned without explanation in the S]) [meaning (assumed tropical:) Acquaint thou me with thy letters: and also, by means of thy letters; for] one of the meanings of مُطَالَعَةٌ is The making one to know a thing by writing. (KL.) [And in like manner,] one says also, بِالحَالِ ↓ طالع, (O, K,) inf. n. مُطَالَعَةٌ and طِلَاعٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He showed, exhibited, or manifested, the case. (O, K.) b3: You say also, اطلع إِلَيْهِ مَعْرُوفًا (assumed tropical:) He did to him, or conferred upon him, a benefit, benefaction, or favour. (O, K.) b4: And اطلع فُلَانًا (assumed tropical:) He made such a one to hasten, or be quick. (O, K, TA.) 5 تطلّع (tropical:) It became full [to the top, or so as to overflow]; said of a measure for corn or the like. (O, K, TA.) b2: See also 1, former half. b3: and (assumed tropical:) He was proud, or self-conceited, [or lofty,] or was quick, with an affected inclining of his body from side to side, (زَافَ,) in his gait: (O:) or so تطلّع فِى مِشْيَتِهِ: (K:) app. syn. with تَتَلَّعَ, meaning he advanced his neck, and raised his head. (TA.) b4: And (tropical:) He raised his eyes, looking [for a thing, or towards a thing]. (K, TA.) You say, تطلّع إِلَى وُرُودِهِ (tropical:) He raised his eyes, looking for its, or his arrival. (K, TA.) And تَطَلَّعْتُ إِلَى

وُرُودِ كِتَابِكَ (S, O, TA) (tropical:) I raised my eyes, looking, (TA,) or I looked continually, (PS,) for the arrival of thy letter: (TA, PS:) or i. q. اِنْتَظَرْتُ [agreeably with what here follows, and with an explanation of the inf. n. in the KL]. (PS.) And تطلّع إِلَى لِقَائِهِ (assumed tropical:) He looked for the meeting him. (MA.) And [hence] one says, عَافَى اللّٰهُ رَجُلًا لَمْ يَتَطَلَّعْ فِى فَمِكَ, meaning (tropical:) [May God preserve from disease, or harm, a man] who has not sought to find some slip, or fault, in thy speech: (O, K, TA:) mentioned by Az, (O, TA,) and by Z. (TA.) [Hence likewise,] التَّطَلُّعُ signifies also الإِشْرَافُ [as meaning (tropical:) The being eager, or vehemently eager, agreeably with what here follows]. (TA.) And التَّطَلُّعُ إِلَى الشَّىْءِ (tropical:) The inclining of the soul to the love of the thing, and the desiring it so that the man perishes. (TA.) and تَطَلُّعُ النَّفْسِ (assumed tropical:) The desiring, or yearning, or longing, of the soul. (TA.) [See an ex. in a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. صبر.]

A2: تطلّعهُ (tropical:) He looked at him with a look of love or of hatred. (TA.) b2: And (tropical:) He overcame him, and overtook him; namely, a man. (TA.) b3: See also 6. b4: And see 8.6 تَطَالَعَتْهُ i. q. طَرَقَتْهُ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) She, or it, or they (referring to irrational things), came to him in the night]: Aboo-'Alee cites [as an ex.], تَطَالَعُنِى خَيَالَاتٌ لِسَلْمَى

كَمَا يَتَطَالَعُ الدَّيْنَ الغَرِيمُ [Apparitions of Selmà come to me in the night, like as the creditor comes in the night to exact the debt]: but accord. to another, or others, it is only ↓ يَتَطَلَّعُ, because تَفَاعَلَ is generally intrans.: so that accord. to Aboo-'Alee, it is like تَفَاوَضْنَا الحَدِيثَ and تَعَاطَيْنَا الكَأْسَ and تَنَاشَدْنَا الأَشْعَارَ. (IB, TA.) 8 اِطَّلَعَ: see 1, first sentence: b2: and near the middle of the paragraph, in two places: b3: and last sentence, in three places. b4: Also (assumed tropical:) i. q. أَشْرَفَ [meaning as expl. in the next sentence]; as also ↓ أَطَلَعَ, of the class of أَكْرَمَ. (Mgh.) One says, اِطَّلَعْتُ مِنْ فَوْقِ الجَبَلِ and ↓ أَطْلَعْتُ (assumed tropical:) [I looked, or looked down, from above the mountain]. (TA.) And اِطَّلَعْتُ الفَجْرَ (tropical:) I looked at the dawn when it rose. (O, TA. *) And اِطَّلَعْتُ عَلَيْهِ (tropical:) I looked down, or from above, upon him, or it; syn. أَشْرَفْتُ. (TA.) [Hence,] هَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُطَّلِعُونَ فَاطَّلَعَ, in the Kur [xxxvii. 52 and 53], means (assumed tropical:) Would ye [be of those who] look to see (تُحِبُّونَ

أَنْ تَطَّلِعُوا) where is your place of abode among the people of Hell? and he (i. e. the Muslim) shall look (فَاطَّلَعَ المُسْلِمُ) and see his [former] associate in the midst of Hell-fire: but some read ↓ هل انتم مُطْلِعُونَ فَأَطْلِعَ [in the CK فاطَّلَعَ, but it is expressly said in the O that the hemzeh is with damm and the ط quiescent and the ل with kesr; the meaning being (assumed tropical:) Are ye of those who will make me to see? and he shall be made to see; as is indicated in the O and TA]. (K, O.) b5: and (assumed tropical:) He saw. (KL.) You say, اطّلع عَلَيْهِ meaning (assumed tropical:) He saw it. (MA.) [Hence,] it is said in a prov., بَعْدَ اطِّلَاعٍ إِينَاسٌ (O, TA) i. e. (assumed tropical:) After appearance [or rather sight, is knowledge, or certain knowledge]. (Fr, TA in art. انس. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 181.]) b6: And اطّلع عَلَيْهِ, (Msb, TA,) and اطّلعهُ, and ↓ تطلّعهُ, and عليه ↓ طَلَعَ, inf. n. طُلُوعٌ, (K, TA,) and ↓ أَطْلَعَ عليه, (TA,) (tropical:) He got, or obtained, sight and knowledge of it: (Msb, TA: *) or [simply] he knew it; namely, an affair, or a case, or an event. (K, TA.) One says, اطّلع عَلَى بَاطِنِهِ, (K,) or اضّلع عَلَى بَاطِنِ أَمْرِهِ, (S, O,) (tropical:) He became acquainted with, or obtained knowledge of, or knew, his inward, or intrinsic, state or circumstances, or the inward, or intrinsic, state or circumstances of his affair or case. (K, * TA.) And-accord. to some, اِطِّلَاعُ الحِجَابِ means (assumed tropical:) The stretching out the head [and looking over the veil of Paradise or of Hell]; for he who examines into a thing stretches out his head to see what is behind the veil, or covering. (TA voce حِجَابٌ, q. v.) [And one says also, اطّلع فِيهِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He looked into it: see an ex. voce هَدَرَ.] b7: اِطَّلَعَتْهُ عَيْنِى means (tropical:) My eye regarded him with contempt. (TA.) A2: [اِطَّلَعَ is used sometimes for اِضْطَلَعَ, as is shown in art. ضلع: see مُضْطَلِعٌ: and see an instance in the first paragraph of art. علو.]

A3: And accord. to Kr, اِلِا طّلَاعُ signifies also النَّجَاةُ. (TA. [But I think that both words are mistranscribed, and that Kr explained الإِطْلَاعُ as meaning النِّجَآءُ, i. e. The acquainting with a secret.]) 10 استطلعهُ signifies طَلَبَ طُلُوعَهُ (assumed tropical:) [He sought, or desired, its, or his, coming forth, or appearance]. (Har p. 47.) [And hence, (assumed tropical:) He sought, or desired, to elicit, or to discover, it: he sought, or desired, information respecting it, مِنْهُ of him: and he asked him to tell him a thing. (See Har pp. 134 and 82.)] You say, استطلع رَأْىَ فُلَانٍ (S, O, K, TA) (tropical:) He looked to see what was the opinion, or advice, of such a one, (O, K, TA,) and what would be shown to him [thereof] respecting his affair, or case. (O, K.) It is doubly trans. [as shown above]: you say, اِسْتَطْلَعْتُ زَيْدًا رَأْيَهُ; as well as استطلعت رَأْىَ زَيْدٍ. (Har p. 322.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) He took it away, or went away with it. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) Yousay, استطلع مَالَهُ (assumed tropical:) He took away, or went away with, his property. (TA.) طَلْعٌ (assumed tropical:) The طَلْع [i. e. spadix, or spadix in its spathe, and sometimes, the spathe alone,] of the palm-tree: (S, O:) the إِغْرِيض [or spadix] of the palm-tree, from over which the كَافُور [or spathe] bursts open longitudinally; or the flowers of the palm-tree, while in the كافور; (TA;) a thing that comes forth from the palm-tree, as though it were two soles, or sandals, closed together, with the حِمْل [meaning flowers] compactly disposed between them, and having the extremity pointed; or the ثَمَرَة [or produce] of the palm-tree, in the first stage of its appearance, the covering [or spathe] of which is called the كُفُرَّى (K, TA) and the كَافُور, (TA,) and what is within this the إِغْرِيض, because of its whiteness; (K, TA;) or the طَلْع is what comes forth from the palm-tree and becomes dates if the tree is female; and if the tree is male it does not become dates, but is eaten in its fresh state, or is left upon the palm-tree a certain number of days until there becomes produced in it a white substance like flour, [i. e. the pollen,] having a strong odour, and with this the female is fecundated; (Msb;) or a certain white thing that appears from the كِمّ [or spathe] of the palm-tree, to the colour of which [that of] the teeth are likened, and to the odour thereof [that of] the sperma: and also, [sometimes,] the كِمّ [or spathe] that comes forth from the palm-tree, before it bursts open longitudinally: [and this is also called the كُفُرَّى, for] the phrase طَلْعُ الكُفُزَّى is an instance of the prefixing of a noun to an explicative thereof: (Mgh:) [or this phrase may mean the spadix of the spathe of a palm-tree: طَلْعٌ, it should be added, is sometimes used as a coll. gen. n.: and its n. un. is with ة: thus in explanations of إِغْرِيضٌ &c.] In the Kur xxxvii. 63, it is applied to (tropical:) The fruit, or produce, of the tree called الزَّقُّوم, in the bottom of Hell, metaphorically, because partaking of the form of the طلع of dates, or because coming forth from the tree. (Bd.) A2: Also (assumed tropical:) i. q. مِقْدَارٌ [as meaning Number, or quantity]: (K, TA:) so in the phrase الجَيْشُ طَلْعُ أَلْفٍ [The army consists of the number of a thousand]. (K, * TA).

A3: See also the next paragraph, in three places.

طِلْعٌ (tropical:) a subst. from الاِطِّلَاعُ: [meaning Knowledge:] whence the saying, اِطَّلَعَ طِلْعَ العَدُوِّ (tropical:) [He learned the knowledge of the enemy; meaning he obtained knowledge of the state, or case, or tidings, or of the secret, or of the inward, or intrinsic, or secret, state or circumstances, of the enemy]; (S, O, K, TA;) [for] طِلْعَ العَدُوِّ means خَبَرَهُ, (Msb,) or سِرَّهُ, (PS,) or بَاطِنَ أَمْرِهِمْ: (Har p. 82:) and [hence also] one says, أَطْلَعْتُهُ طِلْعَ أَمْرِى, meaning (tropical:) I revealed, or showed, to him my secret. (O, K, TA.) A2: Also (assumed tropical:) An elevated place, above what is around it, from which one looks down (يُطَّلَعُ [in the CK erroneously يُطْلَعُ]); as also ↓ طَلْعٌ. (K, TA.) You say, عَلَوْتُ طِلْعَ الأَكَمَةِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) I ascended upon a part of the hill from which I overlooked what was around it. (IDrd, O, TA.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) i. q. نَاحِيَةٌ [A side, or an adjacent tract, or a region, &c.]; as also ↓ طَلْعٌ. (K.) One says, كُنْ بِطِلْعِ الوَادِى and ↓ طَلْعِ الوادى [i. e. بِطَلْعِ الوادى also, meaning, as is indicated in the TA, (assumed tropical:) Be thou in the side, &c., of the valley]: (S, O:) and one says also, فُلَانٌ طِلْع الوَادِى, without ب [(assumed tropical:) Such a one is in the side, &c., of the valley]. (O.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) Any depressed piece of ground: or such as has in it a hill: (K:) [i. e.,] as expl. by As, any depressed piece of ground having in it a hill from which, when you ascend upon it, you see what is in it. (O.) A3: Also the serpent: (AA, O, K:) like طِلٌّ. (TA.) طَلِعٌ (tropical:) [Desirous, eager, or vehemently eager].

نَفْسٌ طَلِعَةٌ and نُفُوسٌ طَلِعَةٌ, like فَرِحَةٌ [in form], mean (tropical:) A soul, and souls, desirous, eager, or vehemently eager. (TA.) [See also طُلَعَةٌ.]

طَلْعَةٌ (tropical:) The aspect; or countenance; syn. رُؤْيَةٌ: (S, O, K, TA:) or person and aspect: (L, TA:) or face: (K:) so in the saying, حَيَّا اللّٰهُ طَلْعَتَهُ (tropical:) [May God preserve his aspect, &c.]. (O, K.) نَفْسٌ طُلَعَةٌ, means نَفْسٌ تُكْثِرُ التَّطَلُّعَ لِلشَّىْءِ, (S, O,) or إِلَى الشَّىْءِ, (K, TA,) i. e. (tropical:) A soul that inclines much to the love of the thing [that it would obtain], and desires it so that the man perishes: and طُلَعَةٌ is used also as applied to a pl., so that one says also نُفُوسٌ طُلَعَةٌ, (TA,) or أَنْفُسٌ طُلَعَةٌ, meaning souls eager, or vehemently eager, for the objects of their love and appetence. (O.) [See also طَلِعٌ.] And in like manner one says اِمْرَأَهٌ طُلَعَةٌ, (S,) or اِمْرَأَةٌ طُلَعَةٌ خُبَأَةٌ: (TA:) or this latter means (tropical:) A woman that comes forth (تَطْلُعُ [in the CK erroneously تَطَّلِعُ]) at one time (مَرَّةً

[omitted in the CK]) and conceals herself at another: (O, K, TA:) and in like manner one says امرأة طُلَعَةٌ قُبَعَةٌ. (TA.) طُلَعَآءُ, (S, O, K,) like غُلَوَآءُ [in form], (S, O,) (tropical:) Vomit: (S, O, K, TA;) as also ↓ طَوْلَعٌ: (IAar, O, K:) or the former signifies a little vomit. (K voce قَنَسٌ.) طَلَاعٌ, like سَحَابٌ [in form], the subst. from الاطلاع [app. الإِطْلَاعُ, i. e. a subst. syn. with

إِطْلَاعٌ; like as صَلَاح is with إِصْلَاحٌ, and فَسَادٌ with إِفْسَادٌ]. (TA.) طِلَاعٌ (tropical:) A thing sufficient in quantity, or dimensions, for the filling of another thing, (S, O, K, TA,) accord. to A 'Obeyd, so as to overflow [an addition not always agreeable with usage]: (TA:) pl. طُلْعٌ. (K.) طِلَاعُ الأَرْضِ ذَهَبًا means (tropical:) What would suffice for the filling of the earth, of gold: (As, S, O, TA:) or, accord. to Lth, what the sun has risen, or appeared, upon, to which Er-Rághib adds and man. (TA.) and you say قَوْسٌ طِلَاعُ الكَفِّ (tropical:) A bow of which the part that is grasped is sufficient in. size for the filling of the hand. (S, * O, * TA.) And هٰذَا طِلَاعُ هٰذَا (assumed tropical:) This is of the quantity, or measure, or size, of this. (TA.) طَلُوعٌ (assumed tropical:) Aspiring to, or seeking the means of attaining, lofty things, or eminence. (Ham p. 655.) طَلِيعَةٌ, of an army, (assumed tropical:) [A scout; and a party of scouts;] a man, (S, O, K, TA,) and a party of men, (O, K, TA,) that is sent, (S, O, K, TA,) and goes forth, (TA,) to obtain knowledge of the state, or case, or tidings, or of the secret, or of the inward, or intrinsic, or secret, state or circumstances, of the enemy, (لِيَطَّلِعَ طِلْعَ العَدُوِّ, S, O, K, TA,) like the جَاسُوس; (TA;) a man, (Mgh,) or a party of men, (Mgh, Msb,) sent (Mgh, Msb) before another party (Msb) to acquaint himself, or themselves, with the tidings, or state, or case, of the enemy; (Mgh, Msb;) accord. to the 'Eyn, applied to a single man, and to a number of men when they are together; and as used by [the Hanafee Imám] Mohammad, three, and four; more than these being termed سَرِيَّةٌ: (Mgh:) pl. طَلَائِعُ. (Mgh, O, Msb, O, Msb, K.) طَلَّاعُ الثَّنَايَا and طَلَّاعُ الأَنْجُدِ (tropical:) [lit. A man wont to ascend mountain-roads; meaning] a man experienced in affairs; wont to surmount them by his knowledge and his experience and his good judgment: or who aspires to lofty things, or the means of attaining eminence: (O, K, TA: [see also ثَنِيَّةٌ:]) أَنْجُدٌ being pl. of نَجْدٌ; which means “ a road in a mountain,” like ثَنِيَّةٌ [of which ثَنَايَا is the pl.]. (TA.) An ex. of the former phrase is presented by a verse of Soheym Ibn-Wetheel cited in art. جلو: and an ex. of the latter by the saying of Mohammad Ibn-AbeeShihádh Ed-Dabbee, said by ISk to be of Ráshid Ibn-Dirwás, وَقَدْ يَقْصُرُ القُلُّ الفَتَى دُونَ هَمِّهِ وَقَدْ كَانَ لَوْلَا القُلُّ طَلَّاعَ أَنْجُدِ [Certainly, or sometimes, or often, poverty withholds the young man from attaining his purpose; and certainly, or sometimes, or often, but for poverty, he would be a surmounter of affairs by his knowledge &c.]. (O, TA.) A2: قَدَحٌ طَلَّاعٌ (tropical:) A full drinking-vessel. (TA.) And عَيْنٌ طَلَّاعٌ [or طَلَّاعَةٌ?] (tropical:) An eye filled with tears. (TA.) طَالِعٌ [Rising, or appearing, as a star &c.:] anything appearing from the upper part [of a thing, or that comes up out of a thing and appears]: (TA:) [or appearing by rising, or by becoming elevated. (See 1.)] b2: [Hence,] one says, طَالِعُهُ سَعِيدٌ, meaning His star [is fortunate]. (TA.) b3: [Hence also,] الطَّالِعُ means The false dawn: (S:) or so الطَّالِعُ المُصْعِدُ. (O.) b4: And The هِلَال [or moon when near the sun, showing a narrow rim of light; probably the new moon, from the sight of which the commencement of the month was reckoned; as appears from what follows]. (O, K.) مَا رَأَيْتُكَ مُنْذُ طَالِعَيْنِ is mentioned as heard from some of the Arabs of the desert, meaning مُنْذُ شَهْرَيْنِ [i. e. I have not seen thee for two months, or during the period since two new moons]. (O.) b5: Also The arrow that falls behind the butt: (Az, O, K:) or that passes beyond the butt, going over it: (TA:) and KT says that they used to reckon that falling above the mark as that which hit the butt: pl. طَوَالِعُ. (O, TA.) It is said of one of the kings, accord. to Sgh, [in the O,] كَانَ يَسْجُدُ لِلطَّالِعِ, (TA,) meaning as expl. in art. سجد: (O, TA: *) or it may mean that he used to lower himself, or bend himself down, to the rising هِلَال, by way of magnifying God. (O, TA.) b6: طَالِعَةُ الإِبِلِ means (assumed tropical:) The first, or foremost, of the camels. (TA.) طَوْلَعٌ: see طُلَعَآءُ.

مَطْلَعٌ and مَطْلِعٌ are inf. ns.: and signify also The place [and the time] of rising of the sun [&c.]: (S, O, K: [see 1, first sentence:]) but by Fr the former is explained as meaning the rising, and the latter as meaning the place of rising: and some of the Basrees say that when one reads حَتَّى مَطْلِعِ الفَجْرِ [in the last verse of ch. xcvii. of the Kur], with kesr to the ل, the meaning is, [until] the time of rising [of the dawn]: (O, TA:) [the pl.] مَطَالِعُ signifies the places [and the times] of rising of the sun [&c.]. (TA.) b2: مَطْلَعُ الجَبَلِ means (assumed tropical:) The place of ascent of the mountain. (TA.) And you say, هٰذَا لَكَ مَطْلَعَ الأَكَمَةِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) This is present before thee; i. e. as near to thee as if thou hadst to ascend for it the hill. (TA.) b3: مَطْلَعُ القَصِيدَةِ means (tropical:) The beginning of the قصيدة [or ode]. (TA.) b4: See also مُطَّلَعٌ.

مُطْلِعٌ (assumed tropical:) A palm-tree (نَخْلَةٌ) putting forth its طَلْع [q. v.]; and sometimes they said مُطْلِعَةٌ. (Msb.) b2: And the latter, (assumed tropical:) A palm-tree taller than the other palm-trees [around it or adjacent to it]. (S, O, K.) مُطَّلَعٌ (assumed tropical:) [A place to which one ascends: or] a place of ascent from a low spot to a place that overlooks. (As, TA.) Hence, (TA,) it is said in a trad. (O, K) of the Prophet, (O,) مَانَزَلَ مِنَ القُرْآنِ آيَةٌ إِلَّا لَهَا ظَهْرٌ وَبَطْنٌ وَلِكُلِّ حَرْفٍ حَدٌّ وَلِكُلِّ حَدٍّ مُطَّلَعٌ i. e. (O, K) (assumed tropical:) Not a verse of the Kur-án has come down but it has an apparent and known [or exoteric] interpretation and an intrinsic [or esoteric] interpretation, (TA voce ظَهْرٌ, where see more,) [and every word has a scope, and every scope has] a place [meaning point] to which the knowledge thereof may ascend, (O, K, TA,) or, as some say, something that may be violated, God not having forbidden a thing that should be held sacred without his knowing that some one would seek to elicit it. (TA.) b2: And i. q. مَأْتًى; (S, O, K, TA;) مُطَّلَعُ الأَمْرِ meaning مَأْتَاهُ; (S, O, TA;) as also الأَمْرِ ↓ مَطْلَعُ; (TA;) i. e. (assumed tropical:) The way, or manner, of attaining to the doing, or performing, of the affair. (TA.) One says, مَالِهٰذَا الأَمْرِ مُطَّلَعٌ (assumed tropical:) There is no way, or manner, of attaining to the doing, or performing, of this affair. (TA.) And أَيْنَ مُطَّلَعُ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ i. e. مَأْتَاهُ (assumed tropical:) [Where is the way of attaining to the doing, or performing, of this affair?]. (S, O, TA.) b3: And (tropical:) An elevated place from which one looks towards a low place. (S, O, Msb, K, TA.) To this is likened the scene of the events of the world to come, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) after death, i. e. the station of the day of resurrection, (TA,) in the saying of 'Omar, لَوْ أَنَّ مَا فِى

الأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا لَأَفْتَدَيْتُ بِهِ مِنْ هَوْلِ المُطَّلَعِ (tropical:) [If all that is in the world belonged to me, assuredly I would ransom myself therewith from the terror of the place whence one will look down on the day of resurrection]: (S, * O, Msb, * K, * TA:) or المُطَّلَع means that which is looked upon of such hardships as the interrogation of [the angels] Munkar and Nekeer, and the pressure of the grave, and its solitude, and the like; and is [ for المُطَّلَعِ عَلَيْهِ, or] originally an inf. n. in the sense of الاِطِّلَاع: or it may be a noun of time, and thus applied to the day of resurrection. (Har p.

344-5.) مُطَّلِعٌ Strong, or powerful; high, or eminent; one who subdues, or overcomes: (K:) or strong, or powerful; as also مُضْطَلِعٌ: or the latter has this meaning, from الضَّلَاعَةُ; and the former signifies high, or eminent; one who subdues, or overcomes: (O:) accord. to ISk, one says, هُوَ مُضْطَلِعٌ بِحَمْلِهِ [“ he is one who has strength to bear it ”]; but not مُطَّلِعٌ بحمله. (TA.) [See, however, مُضْطَلِعٌ, in art. ضلع.]

مُطَالَعٌ [pass. part. n. of 3, q. v.]. One says, الشر تلقى مُطَالَعَ الاِسْمِ, [thus in my original, app. الشَّرَّ تَلْقَى الخ,] meaning بَارِزًا مَكْشُوفًا [i. e., if I rightly read it, (assumed tropical:) Evil thou wilt find to be that whereof the name is manifest, or overt; so that, when it is mentioned, it is well known]. (TA.)

بشر

1 بَشَرَ, aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. بَشْرٌ; (S, Msb, K;) and ↓ ابشر, (A,) inf. n. إِبْشَارٌ; (K;) He pared (S, A, Msb, K) a hide, (S, A, Msb,) removing its بَشَرَة, (S,) or face, or surface, (A, Msb,) or the skin upon which the hair grew: (TA:) or, as some say, removing its inner part with a large knife: or, accord. to Ibn-Buzurj, some of the Arabs say, بَشَرْتُ الأَدِيمَ, aor. ـِ meaning I removed from the hide its بَشَرَة; and ↓ أَبْشَرْتُهُ as meaning I exposed to view its بَشَرَة that was next to the flesh; and آدَمْتُهُ I exposed to view its أَدَمَة upon which the hair grew. (TA.) [But see أَدَمَةٌ.] b2: Hence the saying in a trad., مَنْ أَحَبَّ القُرْآنَ قَلْيَبْشُرْ, accord. to him who recites it thus, with damm to the ش; meaning (assumed tropical:) Whoso loveth the Kur-án, let him make himself light of flesh, [by not eating more than will be sufficient, and so prepare himself] for [reading, or reciting,] it, [like as one prepares a horse for running,] because eating much causes one to forget it. (TA.) b3: Hence also, بَشَرَ الأَرْضَ, (TA,) inf. n. as above, (S, K,) (assumed tropical:) It (a swarm of locusts) stripped the ground; (TA;) ate what was upon the ground, (S, K,) i. e., upon its surface; as though the exterior of the ground were its بَشَرَة. (TA.) b4: And بَشَرَ, aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. as above, (K,) He clipped his mustache much, so that the بَشَرَة (i. e. the exterior of the skin, TA) became apparent. (K, TA.) This the Muslim is commanded to do. (TA.) b5: بَشَرَنِى فُلَانٌ بِوَجْهٍ حَسَنٍ Such a one met me with a cheerful countenance. (S.) See also 2, in two places. b6: And see 3.

A2: بَشِرَ, aor. ـَ (IAar, S, Msb, K;) and بَشَرَ, aor. ـِ (IAar, K,) inf. n. بَشْرٌ and بُشُورٌ; (TA;) and ↓ ابشر, [which is the most common, though extr. in respect of analogy, as being quasi-pass. of بَشَرَ, like احجم and احنج and اعرض and اقشع and اكبّ and انهج, (mentioned by MF in art. حنج as the only other instances of the kind,) and اخلج, (added in the TA in art. خلج,)] (S, A, Mgh, K,) inf. n. إِبْشَارٌ; (S;) and ↓ استبشر; (S, A, Msb, K;) and ↓ تبشّر; (A;) [originally, He became changed in his بَشَرَة (or complexion) by the annunciation of an event: see بَشَّرَهُ: and hence,] he rejoiced, or became rejoiced; (IAar, S, A, Msb, K;) بِكَذَا [at, or by, such a thing; or at, or by, the annunciation of such a thing]. (IAar, S, K. *) You say, أَتَانِى أَمْرٌ بَشِرْتُ بِهِ An affair happened to me whereat I rejoiced, or whereby I became rejoiced. (S.) And بِمَوْلُودٍ ↓ أَبْشَرَ He rejoiced [at the annunciation of a new-born child]. (S.) And بِخَيْرٍ ↓ أَبْشِرْ Rejoice thou [at the annunciation of a good event]. (S, K.) And in the same sense ↓ أَبْشِرُوا is used in the Kur xli. 30. (S.) 2 بشّرهُ (S, A, Msb, &c.,) the form used by the Arabs in general, (Msb,) inf. n. تَبْشِيرٌ; (S, Msb, K, &c.;) and ↓ بَشَرَهُ, aor. ـُ (S, Mgh, Msb,) of the dial. of Tihámeh and the adjacent parts, (Msb,) inf. n. بَشْرٌ and بُشُورٌ (S, K) and بُشْرٌ, (TA,) or this last is a simple subst.; (Msb;) and ↓ ابشرهُ; (S, A, Mgh, K;) and ↓ استبشرهُ; (K, TA;) are syn.; (S, K, &c.;) originally signifying He announced to him an event which produced a change in his بَشَرَة [or complexion]: and hence, (El-Fakhr Er-Rázee,) he announced to him an event which rejoiced him: (A, El-Fakhr Er-Rázee:) so in common acceptation [when not restricted by an adjunct that denotes its having a different meaning: see بُشْرَى and an ex. below in this paragraph]: (El-Fakhr Er-Rázee:) or he rejoiced him [by an annunciation]: (Msb:) and he announced to him an event which grieved him: [or he grieved him by an annunciation:] both these significations are proper. (El-Fakhr Er-Rázee.) You say, بشّرهُ بِالأَمْرِ [generally meaning He rejoiced him by the annunciation of the event]; and بِهِ ↓ بَشَرَهُ, aor. and inf. ns. as above; &c. (TA.) And بَشَّرْتُهُ بِمَوْلُودٍ [I rejoiced him by the annunciation of a new-born child]. (S.) And it is said in the Kur [iii. 20, &c.], بَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ

[Grieve thou them by the annunciation, or denunciation, of a painful punishment]. (S.) You say also, of a she-camel, بَشَّرَتْ بِاللَّقَاحِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) She made it known that she had begun to be pregnant. (TA. [See also 4.]) 3 باشر المَرْأَةَ, (K, &c.,) inf. n. مُبَاشَرَةٌ (S, Mgh, TA) and بِشَارٌ, (TA,) He was, or became, in contact with the woman, skin to skin: (TA:) he enjoyed [contact with] her skin: (Msb:) he became in contact with her, skin to skin, both being within one garment or piece of cloth: (K:) he lay with her, [skin to skin; or in the sense of] inivit eam: (S, K:) i. q. وَطِئَهَا, both فِى الفَرْجِ and خَارِجًا مِنْهُ: (TA:) [and so ↓ بَشَرَهَا inf. n. بَشْرٌ; for] بَشْرٌ and مُبَاشَرَةٌ are syn. [in the sense of congressus venereus, as is shown by an ex. in the S.]. (S, K.) b2: باشرهُ النَّعِيمُ (tropical:) [Enjoyment attended him; as though it clave to his skin]. (A.) b3: فَبَاشَرُوا رَوْحَ اليَقِينِ, or رُوحَ اليقين, is a metaphorical expression, [app. meaning (tropical:) And they felt the joy and happiness that arise from certainty,] occurring in a trad. of 'Alee. (TA.) b4: باشر الأَمْرَ, (S, A, &c.,) inf. n. مُبَاشَرَةٌ, (S,) (tropical:) He superintended, managed, or conducted, the affair himself, or in his own person: (S, K, TA:) or (tropical:) he was present, himself, at the affair: (A, TA:) or, [properly,] he managed, or conducted, the affair with his بَشَرَة, i. e., his own hand: (Mgh, * Msb:) and hence a later application of the verb in the sense of لَاحَظَ (assumed tropical:) [He regarded, or attended to, the thing, or affair, &c.]. (Msb.) 4 ابشر: see 1, first sentence, in two places. b2: [Hence,] ابشر الأَمْرُ وَجْهَهُ The affair made his countenance beautiful and bright: in the K we read, أَبْشَرَ الأَمْرَ حَسَّنَهُ وَ نَضَّرَهُ; but this is a mistake. (TA.) Agreeably with this explanation, AA renders a reading in the Kur [xlii. 22], ذٰلِكَ الَّذِى يُبْشِرُ اللّٰهُ عِبَادَهُ, meaning That is it with which God will make beautiful and bright the face of his servants: so in the L. (TA.) b3: See also 2. b4: [Hence,] أَبْشَرَتِ النَّاقَةُ (assumed tropical:) The she-camel conceived, or became pregnant: (K:) as though she rejoiced [her owner] by announcing her conception. (TA. [See 2, last sentence.]) b5: And أَبْشَرَتِ الأَرْضُ (tropical:) The earth put forth its herbage appea He demanded ring upon its surface. (S, K.) A2: See also 1, latter part, in four places.5 تَبَشَّرَ see, latter part.6 تباشر القَوْمُ The people, or company of men, announced, one to another, a joyful event, or joyful events. (S.) And هُمْ يَتَبَاشَرُونَ بِذٰلِكَ الأَمْرِ They rejoice one another by the annunciation of that event. (TA.) 10 استبشر: see 1, latter part.

A2: استبشرهُ He demanded of him a reward for an annunciation of joyful tidings. (M.) b2: See also 2.

بُشْرٌ: see بُشْرَى. b2: It is also a contraction of بُشُرٌ, which is pl. of بَشُورٌ (TA) or بَشِيرٌ. (TA in art. نشر.) بِشْرٌ Cheerfulness, or openness and pleasantness, of countenance: (Mgh, Msb, K, * TA:) and happiness, joy, or gladness. (Har p. 192.) You say, هُوَ حَسَنُ البِشْرِ He is cheerful, or open and pleasant, in countenance. (S.) بَشَرٌ: see بَشَرَةٌ b2: [Hence,] البَشَرُ (assumed tropical:) Mankind: (S, Msb, K:) and the human being: (Msb, K:) applied to the male and to the female; and used alike as sing. and pl. (Msb, K, TA) and dual: (TA:) so that you say, هُوَ بَشَرٌ He is a human being, and هِىَ بَشَرٌ She is a human being, and هُمْ بَشَرٌ They (more than two) are human beings, and هُمَا بَشَرٌ They two are human beings: (TA:) but sometimes it has the dual form; (Msb, K;) as in the Kur xxiii. 49; (Msb, TA;) though the Arabs may have used the dual form in the sense of the sing.: (MF:) and sometimes it has a pl., namely, أَبْشَارٌ. (K.) This is a secondary application of the word: (Msb:) i. e., this signification is tropical; or, as some say, the word is so much used in this sense as to be, so used, conventionally regarded as proper; the sense not depending upon its having another word connected with it: but in the S and K, and by the generality of authors, this signification is given as proper. (MF.) Some say that a human being is thus called because his بَشَرَة is bare of hair and of wool. (MF.) [Hence,] أَبُو البَشَرِ [The father of mankind; meaning] Adam. (K.) بَشَرَةٌ (Lth, S, M, A, Mgh, Msb) and ↓ بَشَرٌ, (S, K,) or the latter is pl. of the former, (Msb, K,) [or rather a coll. gen. n., of which the former is the n. un.,] like قَصَبَهُ and قَصَبٌ, (Msb,) and أَبْشَارٌ is pl. of بَشَرٌ, (K,) [The external skin; the cuticle, or scarf-skin; the epidermis;] the exterior of the skin (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) of a human being; (S, A, K;) and, as some say, of other creatures, (K,) such as the serpent; but this is generally disallowed: (TA:) or بَشَرَةٌ signifies the exterior of the skin of the head, in which grows the hair; as also أَدَمَةٌ and شَوَاةٌ: (Aboo-Safwán:) or the upper skin (Lth, M) of the head (M) and of the face and body of a human being; (Lth, M;) that upon which the hair grows: (M:) or, as some say, that which is next the flesh. (M.) It is said in a prov., إِنَّمَا يُعَاتَبُ الأَدِيمُ ذُو البَشَرَةِ: see أَدِيمٌ. b2: بَشَرَةٌ sometimes means The complexion, or hue: and fineness, or delicacy. (TA.) A2: بَشَرَةُ الأَرْضُ (tropical:) The herbage appearing upon the surface of the earth. (S, A, K.) You say, مَا أَحْسَنَ بَشَرَتَهَا (tropical:) How goodly is its herbage appearing upon its surface! (S, A.) And بَشَرَةٌ [alone] signifies (tropical:) Leguminous plants; herbs, or herbage. (TA.) b2: بَشَرَةٌ is used also as signifying (assumed tropical:) A man's hand. (Msb.) [See 3, last sentence.]

بُشْرَى (imperfectly decl., because it terminates with a fem. alif which is inseparable from it, S) and ↓ بِشَارَةٌ and ↓ بُشَارَةٌ [but respecting this last see بِشَارَةٌ below] (S, Msb, K) and ↓ بُشْرٌ (Msb) are substs. from بَشَّرَهُ (S, Msb, K) [originally signifying An annunciation which produces a change in the بَشَرَة (or complexion) of the person to whom it is made: and hence, a joyful annunciation; joyful, or glad, tidings; good news]: and ↓ تَبَاشِيرُ [q. v. infrà] signifies the same as بُشْرَى: (S, K:) ↓ بِشَارَةٌ, when used absolutely, relates only to good; (S, Msb;) not to evil unless when expressly restricted thereto by an adjunct: [see 2:] (S:) its pl. is بِشَارَاتٌ and بَشَائِرُ. (A.) يَا بُشْرَاىَ, in the Kur [xii. 19, accord. to one reading, (otherwise, as Bd mentions, بُشْرَاىْ, or بُشْرَىَّ, which is a dial. var. of the same, or بُشْرَى, which, as some say, was the name of a man,) meaning O my joyful annunciation, or joyful tidings, or good news!], is like عَصَاى: and in the dual you say, يَا بُشْرَيَىَّ. (S.) You say also, ↓ تَتَابَعَتِ البِشَارَاتُ and البَشَائِرُ [The joyful annunciations followed consecutively]. (A.) See another ex. voce بَشِيرٌ. b2: See also بِشَارَةٌ.

بَشَرِىٌّ Human; of, or belonging to, or relating to, mankind or a human being.]

بُشَارٌ (assumed tropical:) The refuse, or lowest or basest or meanest sort, of mankind, or of people. (IAar, K.) بَشُورٌ: see what next follows, in three places.

بَشِيرٌ i. q. ↓ مُبَشِّرٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) [and so ↓ بَشُورٌ, as will be seen by an ex. in what follows,] One who announces to a people [or person] an event, either good or evil; (TA;) but meaning the former oftener than the latter: (Msb:) [an announcer of a joyful event, or joyful events: one who rejoices another, or others, by an annunciation:] pl. بُشَرَآءُ (A) and بُشُرٌ, (TA in art. نشر,) or this is pl. of ↓ بَشُورٌ. (TA in the present art.) It is said in the Kur [vii. 55], وَ هُوَ الَّذِى يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَاحَ بُشُرًا, and بُشْرًا, and ↓ بُشْرَى, and بَشْرًا; [accord. to different readings, meaning (assumed tropical:) And He it is who sendeth the winds announcing coming rain;] in which بُشُرٌ is pl. of ↓ بَشُورٌ, [syn. with بَشِيرٌ and مُبَشِّرٌ, but both masc. and fem.,] (TA,) or of بَشِيرٌ, (Bd,) or of بَشِيرَةٌ; (TA in art. نشر;) and بُشْرًا is a contraction of the same; and بُشْرَى is syn. with بِشَارَةٌ; and بَشْرًا is the inf. n. of بَشَرَهُ in the sense of بَشَّرَهُ (TA. [But the reading commonly followed in this passage is نُشُرًا, with ن: another reading is نُشْرًا: another, نَشْرًا: and another, نَشَرًا.]) And ↓ المُبَشِّرَاتُ, (A,) or مُبَشِّرَاتُ الرِّيَاحِ, (S,) signifies (tropical:) Winds that announce [coming] rain: (S, A:) so in the Kur xxx. 45. (TA.) A2: Also Goodly; beautiful; elegant in form or features; (S, K;) applied to a man, and to a face: (TA:) fem. with ة; (S, K;) applied to a woman, and to a she-camel; (S;) and meaning, when applied to a she-camel, neither emaciated nor fat: or, accord. to Aboo-Hilál, neither of generous nor of ignoble breed: or, as some say, half-fattened: (TA:) pl. of the fem. بَشَائِرُ: (S:) and ↓ مَبْشُورَةٌ signifies beautiful in make and colour; (IAar, K;) applied to a girl. (IAar.) بَشَارَةٌ Goodliness; beauty; elegance of form or features. (S, K, TA.) بُشَارَةٌ What is pared off from the face of a hide: what is pared off from its back is called تِحْلِئٌ. (Lh.) A2: See also بِشَارَةٌ: b2: and see بُشْرَى.

بِشَارَةٌ; pl. بِشَارَاتٌ and بَشَائِرُ: see بُشْرَى, in three places; and see also تَبَاشِيرُ. b2: Also A gift to him who announces a joyful event; and so ↓ بُشَارَةٌ: (K, * TA:) or the latter, which is like the عُمَالَة of the عَامِل, has this signification; (IAth;) and so ↓ بُشْرَى; (M;) and بِشَارَةٌ [has the same meaning accord. to common usage, but, properly,] is a subst. in the sense explained above, voce بُشْرَى. (IAth.) You say, أَعْطَيْتُهُ ثَوْبِى بِشَارَةً I gave him my garment as a reward for the joyful annunciation. (TA from a trad.) هُوَ أَبْشَرُ مِنْهُ He is more goodly or beautiful, more elegant in form or features, and more fat, than he. (K.) تُبُشِّرٌ, in the hand writing of J تُبَشِّرٌ, [and so in my copies of the S,] a word of which there is not the like except in the instances of تُنُوِّطٌ [or تُنَوِّطٌ], a certain bird, and وَادِى تُهُلِّكَ [or تُهَلِّكَ?] and وَادِى

تُضُلِّلَ [or تُضَلِّلَ] and وَادِى تُخُيِّبَ [or تُخَيِّبَ], (TA,) A certain bird, called the صُفَارِيَّة: (S, K:) n. un. with ة. (K.) تَبَاشِيرُ, as though it were pl. of تَبْشِيرٌ, inf. n. of بَشَّرَ; (A;) a word which has not its like except in the instances of تَعَاشِيبُ and تَعَاجِيبُ and تَفَاطِيرُ [and تَبَاكِيرُ and تَبَارِيحُ, and probably a few others]; (TA;) (tropical:) [Annunciations; foretokens; foretellers; foreshowers; prognostics; earnests; of what is good:] the beginnings of anything: (S, K:) the first of blossoms &c.: (TA:) the beginnings, (S, K,) or first annunciations, (A,) of daybreak; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ بَشَائِرُ: (TA:) it has no verb: (S:) and [is said to have] no sing.: but in a trad. of El-Hajjáj, تَبْشِيرٌ occurs as meaning (assumed tropical:) the commencement of rain. (TA.) One says, فِيهِ مَخَايِلُ الرُّشْدِ وَ تَبَاشِيرُهُ (tropical:) [In him are indications of right conduct, or belief, and its earnests]. (A.) See also بُشْرَى. b2: (assumed tropical:) Streaks of the light of daybreak in the night. (TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) Streaks that are seen upon the surface of the ground, caused by the winds. (Lth, K. *) b4: (assumed tropical:) The colours of palm-trees when their fruit begins to ripen; (K;) as also تَبَاكِيرُ. (TA.) b5: (assumed tropical:) Such as bear fruit early, or before others, of palm-trees. (K.) b6: (assumed tropical:) Marks of galls upon the side of a beast. (K.) رَجُلٌ مُؤْدَمٌ مُبْشَرٌ (tropical:) A perfect man; as though he combined the softness of the أَدَمَة [or inner skin] with the roughness of the بَشَرَة [or outer skin]: (S:) or a man who combines softness, or gentleness, and strength, with knowledge of affairs: (As:) and اِمْرَأَةٌ مُؤْدَمَةٌ مُبْشَرَةٌ (tropical:) a woman perfect in every respect. (TA.) [See also art. ادم.]

مُبَشِّرٌ and مُبَشِّرَاتٌ: see بَشِيرٌ.

مَبْشُورَةٌ: see بَشِيرٌ, last sentence.

حِجْرٌمُبَاشِرٌ [so in two copies of the S: in Golius's Lex. مُبَاشِرَةٌ:] A mare [so I render حجر, which Golius renders ‘ vulva, '] desiring the stallion. (S.) [See also مُبَاسِرَةٌ, with س.]

بذل

1 بَذَلَهُ, aor. ـُ (S, M, * Msb, K) and بَذِلَ, (M, K,) inf. n. بَذْلٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) He gave it, and was liberal, or bountiful, with it; he gave it liberally, bountifully, unsparingly, or freely; (S, Msb, K, TA;) he gave it willingly, of his own free will or good pleasure: (TA:) and he made it allowable, or lawful, to be taken or possessed or done, willingly, or of his own free will or good pleasure: (Msb:) بَذْلٌ is the contr. of مَنْعٌ. (M.) [Hence,] سَأَلْتُهُ فَأَعْطَانِى بَذْلَ يَمِينِهِ I asked him, and he gave me what he was able to give. (TA.) [And بَذَلَ لَهُ نَفْسَهُ. (assumed tropical:) He gave up himself to, or spent himself for, him or it; he gave, or applied, himself, or his mind, unsparingly to it, namely, an undertaking &c.: a phrase of frequent occurrence. And بَذَلَ جَهْدَهُ, and مَجْهُودَهُ, (assumed tropical:) He exerted, or put forth, or expended, unsparingly, or freely, his power, or ability, or his utmost power or ability or endeavour: also of frequent occurrence.] And فَرَسٌ لَهُ صَوْنٌ وَ بَذْلٌ (tropical:) A horse that reserves a portion of his run, and is unsparing with a portion thereof; not putting forth the whole at once: (TA:) or that has a run which he reserves [ for the time of need], and a run which he performs unsparingly: (A in art. شهد: see شَاهِدٌ:) and ↓ فَرَسٌ ذُو صَوْنٍ وَابْتِذَالٍ a horse that has a running pace (حُضْرٌ) which he has reserved for the time of need, and a run (عَدْوٌ) less quick which he has performed freely, or without reservation (قَدِ ابْتَذَلَهُ). (T.) [In the K these phrases are given in a mutilated state, and with a mutilated explanation.]) And صَوْنُهُ خَيْرٌ مِنْ بَذْلِهِ (tropical:) His interior state, or disposition of mind, is better than his apparent state &c. (TA.) b2: See also 8.5 تبذّل He neglected the preserving of himself or his honour or reputation [from disgrace]; i. q. تَرَكَ التَّصَاوُنَ (S) or التَّصَوُّنَ; (TA;) he was careless of himself or his honour or reputation; contr. of تَصَاوَنَ; (Msb in the present art,;) as also ↓ ابتذل. (Msb in art. صون.) You say, كَرُمَ وَ لَمْ يَتَبَذَّلْ [He was generous, and was not careless of his honour or reputation]. (M and L in art. وفر.) b2: تبذّل فِى عَمَلِ كَذَا, and نَفْسَهُ فِيهِ ↓ ابتذل and بِهِ, He employed his own self in the doing of such a thing. (T.) 8 اِبْتِذَالٌ is the contr. of صِيَانَةٌ; (M, K;) [i. e.] ابتذلهُ signifies He held it in mean estimation; namely, a garment or other thing; (TA;) [he was careless of it; he used it, or employed it, on, or for, ordinary, mean, or vile, occasions, or purposes;] he used it for service and work; namely, a garment &c.; syn. اِمْتَهَنَهُ; (S, Msb;) he wore it (a garment) in times of service and work; as also ↓ بَذَلَهُ; (Msb, TA;) or, as IKoot says, بَذَلَهُ, [aor. ـُ and بَذِلَ,] inf. n. بَذْلَةٌ and بِذْلَةٌ, signifies he did not preserve it, lay it up, take care of it, or reserve it; namely, a garment. (Msb.) See also 5, in two places. You say also, ابتذل عَدْوَهُ (assumed tropical:) [He (a horse) performed his run freely, or without reservation; opposed to صَانَهُ]. (T.) See 1.10 استبذلهُ He sought, or demanded, of him a liberal, free, or willing, gift. (TA.) And اِسْتَبْذَلْتُ فُلَانًا شَيْئًا I asked of such a one that he would liberally, freely, or willingly, give me a thing. (T.) بَذْلٌ A thing that is given liberally, freely, or willingly: and inf. n. [or 1, q. v.], used as a proper subst.: pl. بُذُولٌ. (Har p. 206.) بَذْلَةٌ: see what next follows, in two places.

بِذْلَةٌ A garment that is worn (T, S, Msb) in service, or work; (S, Msb;) that is not preserved, laid up, taken care of, or reserved; (T, M, K;) as also ↓ بَذْلَةٌ (Msb) and ↓ مبْذَلٌ, (T,) or ↓ مِبْذَلَةٌ, (S, M, K,) the pl. of which is مَبَاذِلٌ: (S:) and an old and worn-out garment; (TA;) as also ↓ مِبْذَلٌ and ↓ مِبْذَلَةٌ; (M, K;) the last of which is mentioned on the authority of Az, but is disapproved by 'Alee Ibn-Hamzeh, who asserts it to be without ة: (IB, TA:) بِذْلَةٌ sometimes has بِذَلٌ as pl. (TA.) You say, ↓ جَآءَ نَا فُلَانٌ فِى مَبَاذِلِه, i. e. فِى ثِيَابِ بِذْلَتِهِ or ↓ بَذْلَتِهِ [Such a one came to us in his garments that he wore in service, or work]. (S, accord. to different copies. [I have shown that بِذْلَةٌ and بَذْلَةٌ are dial. vars., both as inf. ns. (see 8) and as proper substs.]) The word بَدْلَةٌ, with fet-h, and with the unpointed د, applied by the vulgar to [a suit of] new clothes, is a mistake for بِذْلَةٌ, and this is correctly a name for old and worn-out clothes. (TA. [But this is doubtful; for بَدْلَةٌ commonly signifies, in modern Arabic, a change of clothes; and hence, a suit of clothes, whether new or old.]) b2: IJ uses it metaphorically, in relation to poetry; saying, الرَّجَزُ إِنَّمَا يُسْتَعَانُ بِهِ فِى البِذْلَةِ وَ عِنْدَ الاِعْتِمَالِ وَ الحُدَآءِ وَ المِهْنَةِ (tropical:) [The metre termed rejez is only used as an aid in the ordinary, or meaner, business of life, and on the occasion of doing one's work, and singing to camels for the purpose of urging them on, and performing service of any kind: but in this case it may be regarded as an inf. n.: see 8]. (M.) بَذُولٌ: see بَذَّالٌ.

بَذَالَةٌ i. q. بَذْلٌ [inf. n. of 1, The act of giving liberally, &c.]. (TA.) بَذَّالٌ A man wont to give property liberally, freely, or willingly; or who so gives it much, or frequently; as also ↓ بَذُولٌ (T, TA) [and app. ↓ مِبْذَالٌ, (like مِسْمَاحٌ &c.,) of which the pl. occurs in the following saying]. ↓ هُمْ مَبَاذِيلُ لِلْمَعْرُوفِ [They are very liberally disposed to the exercise of beneficence, or bounty]. (TA.) بَاذِلٌ Any one who gives [liberally,] freely, or willingly. (M.) مِبْذِلٌ: see بِذْلَةٌ, in two places.

مِبْذَلَةٌ; and its pl. مَبَاذِلُ: see بِذْلَةٌ, in three places.

مِبْذَالٌ; pl. مَبَاذِيلُ: see بَذَّالٌ.

مُبْتَذَلٌ Held in mean estimation: as in the saying, مَالُهُ مَصُونٌ وَ عِرْضُهُ مُبْتَذَلٌ [His wealth is preserved, or taken care of, and his honour, or reputation, is held in mean estimation]. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Language, and a proverb, which one is wont to speak or mention, or which one is fond of speaking or mentioning. (TA.) b3: فُلَانٌ صَدْقُ المُبْتَذَلِ Such a one is strong, or sturdy, in the work in which he employs himself: (T:) or sharp, vigorous, or effective, in nature, or disposition; one who, when employed in a work, is found to be strong, or sturdy. (TA.) and سَيْفٌ صَدْقُ المُبْتَذَلِ (tropical:) A sword sharp, or penetrating, in the part with which one strikes. (K, TA.) مُبْتَذِلٌ, (K,) or ↓ مُتَبَذِّلٌ, (M, [so in a copy of that work, accord. to the TT, but this is probably a mistranscription,]) Wearing a مِبْذَل, i. e. [a garment used in service or work, or] an old and worn-out garment: (M, K:) and the latter, [if not a mistranscription for the former,] neglecting the adorning of himself, by way of humility. (TA, from a trad.) b2: See also what follows.

مُتَبَذِّلٌ (T, M, K) and ↓ مُبْتَذِلٌ (M, K) A man who employs his own self in doing a thing; (T;) a man who performs his own work. (M, K.) b2: See also what next precedes.

جمع

1 جَمَعَ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـَ (Mgh, TA,) inf. n. جَمْعٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) He collected; brought, or gathered, together; gathered up; assembled; congregated; mustered; drew together; or contracted; (Mgh, Er-Rághib, B, K; *) a thing; (Er-Rághib, Msb, B;) so that the several parts or portions became near together; (Er-Rághib, B;) or a thing in a scattered, or dispersed, state; (Fr, S;) and a number of men; (Fr;) as also ↓ جمّع; [or this has only an intensive signification;] and ↓ اجمع. (TA.) [See also the inf. n., جَمْعٌ, below; and] see 2; and 10. b2: [جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا He brought them two together, into a state of union, after separation; and particularly, reconciled them; conciliated them: and he, or it, united, connected, or formed a connexion between, them two: see 3 (last sentence) in art. دنو.] b3: جَمَعَ عَلَيْهِ ثِيَابَهُ He put on, or attired himself with, his clothes. (TA.) b4: جَمَعَتِ الجَارِيَةُ The girl put on the دِرْع and the خِمَار and the مِلْحَفَة; (S, TA;) i. e., (tropical:) became a young woman; (S, K, TA;) became full-grown. (TA.) b5: مَا جَمَعْتُ بِامْرَأَةٍ قَطُّ, and عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ, (assumed tropical:) I have never gone in to a woman; or I have never had a woman conducted to me as my bride. (Ks, K.) b6: فَاجْمَعُوا كَيْدَكُمْ, and فَجَمَعَ كَيْدَهُ: see 4. b7: جَمَعَ أَمْرَهُ: see 4. b8: [جَمَعَ also signifies He composed, arranged, or settled, a thing, or an affair; as in the phrase جَمَعَ اللّٰهُ شَمْلَهُ: see art. شمل. b9: Also It comprised, comprehended, or contained.] b10: Also He pluralized a word; made it to have a plural, or plurals. (The Lexicons passim.) 2 جمّع, (Fr, Msb,) inf. n. تَجْمِيعٌ, (K,) He collected; brought, or gathered, together; gathered up; assembled; congregated; mustered; drew together; or contracted; [thus I render جَمَعَ, as explained above;] much; with much, or extraordinary, energy, or effectiveness, or the like; vigorously; or well. (Bd in civ. 2; Msb, K.) Thus in the Kur [civ. 2], الَّذِى جَمَّعَ مَالًا وَعَدَّدَهُ (S, * Bd) Who hath collected much wealth, and hath made it a provision for the casualties of fortune, or reckoned it time after time: (Bd:) [or who hath amassed, or accumulated, wealth, &c.:] or who hath gained, acquired, or earned, wealth, &c.; thus differing from جَمَعَ, explained above: but it is allowable to say مَالًا ↓ جَمَعَ, without teshdeed; (Fr;) and thus it is [generally] read in this passage of the Kur. (Bd.) See also 1. b2: حَمَّعَتْ, (TA,) inf. n. as above, (K,) She (a hen) collected her eggs in her belly. (K, TA.) b3: جَمَّعُوا, (inf. n. as above, S,) They were present on the Friday, (S, Mgh, Msb,) or with the congregation [then collected], (Mgh,) and performed the prayers [with the congregation] on that day. (S, Mgh.) b4: Hence the saying, أَوَّلُ جُمْعَةٍ جُمِّعَتْ فِى

الإِسْلَامُ بَعْدَ المَدِينَةِ بِجُؤَاثِى [The first Friday that was observed by the performance of congregational prayer in the time of El-Islám, after the observance thereof in El-Medeeneh, was in Ju-áthà]. (TA.) 3 جامعهُ عَلَى أَمْرِ كَذَا, (S, K,) inf. n. مُجَامَعَةٌ (TK) [and جِمَاعٌ], He combined with him, (مَعَهُ ↓ اجتمع, S, K, TA,) and aided him, (TA,) to do such a thing. (S, * K, * TA.) It is said in a trad. of Aboo-Dharr, وَلَا جِمَاعَ لَنَا فِيمَا بَعْدُ i. e. لَنَا ↓ لَااجْتِمَاعَ [which may mean Nor any combining, or nor any coming together, for us afterwards: see 8]. (TA.) b2: جامع امْرَأَتَهُ, (Msb,) inf. n. مُجَامَعَةٌ (S, Msb, K) and جِمَاعٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) (tropical:) He lay with his wife; compressed her. (S, * Mgh, * Msb, K. *) [The latter inf. n. is the more common as meaning Coïtus conjugalis, or the act of compressing].

A2: اِسْتَأْجَرَ الأَجِيرَ مُجَامَعةً, and جِمَاعًا, He hired the hireling for a certain pay every week. (Lh, * TA.) 4 اجمع: see 1. أَجْمَعْتُ الشَّىْءَ signifies I put the thing together; such, for instance, as spoil, or plunder. (S.) You say, أَجْمَعْتُ النَّهْبِ, meaning I collected together from every quarter the camels taken as spoil from the people to whom they belonged, and drove them away: (AHeyth:) or إِجْمَاعٌ signifies [simply] the driving of camels together, or collectively. (K.) b2: الإِجْمَاعُ also signifies The composing and settling a thing which has been discomposed [and unsettled]; as an opinion upon which one determines, resolves, or decides: (TA:) or جَعْلُ الأَمْرِ جَمِيعًا بَعْدَ تَفَرُّقِهِ, (AHeyth, K,) i. e. the determining, resolving, or deciding, upon an affair, so as to make it firmly settled, [after it had been unsettled in the mind, or] after considering what might be its issues, or results, and saying at one time, I will do thus, and at another time, I will do thus. (AHeyth.) You say, أَجْمَعْتُ الأَمْرَ, (Ks, S, Mgh, * Msb, K,) and عَلَى الأَمْرِ, (Mgh, * Msb, K,) I determined, resolved, or decided, upon the affair; (Ks, S, Mgh, * Msb, K;) as though I collected myself, or my mind, for it; (TA;) as, for instance, a journeying, and a fasting, (Mgh, Msb,) and a going forth, and a tarrying or an abiding; (TA;) and in like manner, أَمْرَهُ ↓ جَمَعَ He determined, resolved, or decided, upon his affair; as, for instance, a fasting: (TA:) and أَجْمَعْتُ الرَّأْىِ I determined, or settled, the opinion. (TA.) Yousay also, أَجْمِعْ أَمْرَكَ وَلَا تَدَعْهُ مُنْتَشِرًا [Determine thou, or decide, upon thine affair, and do not leave it unsettled]. (S.) The saying, in the Kur [x. 72], فَأَجْمَعُوا أَمْرَكُمْ وَشُرَكَآءَ كُمْ means Then determine ye, or resolve, or decide, upon your affair, (Fr, Ibn-'Arafeh, Bd,) and prepare for it, (Fr,) or اِجْعَلُوهُ جَمِيعًا, [which has the former of these meanings, as shown above,] (AHeyth,) and call ye your companions, (Fr, S, Bd, K,) شركاءكم being governed in the accus. case by the verb understood, (Bd, TA,) becanse the verb in the text is not used with شركاء for its object, (S, K,) but only the unaugmented verb: (S:) or the meaning is then determine ye, with your companions, upon your affair; (Bd, K;) so says Aboo-Is-hák, adding that what Fr says is erroneous: (TA:) or then determine ye upon your affair and the affair of your companions, for وَأَمْرَ شُرَكَائِكُمْ. (Bd.) It is also said that the phrase, in the Kur [xx. 67], فَأَجْمِعُوا كَيْدَكُمْ meansTherefore determine ye, or resolve, or decide, upon your artifice, or stratagem: (TA:) but some read كَيْدَكُمْ ↓ فَاجْمَعُوا, (Bd, TA,) meaning therefore combine ye all your artifice; leave nothing thereof unexerted; (TA;) and this latter reading is favoured by the phrase كَيْدَهُ ↓ فَجَمَع [in verse 62 of the same ch.]. (Bd.) b3: Also The agreeing, or uniting, in opinion. (K, * TA.) Yousay, أَجْمَعُوا عَلَى الأَمْرِ meaning They agreed, or were of one mind or opinion, upon, or respecting, the affair; (Mgh, Msb;) [and so عَلَيْهِ ↓ اجتمعوا; and عليه ↓ تجمّعوا.] b4: Also The preparing [a thing], or making [it] ready; syn. الإِعْدَادُ. (K, TA. [In the CK, erroneously, الاَعْدَادُ.]) Yousay, أَجْمَعْتُ كَذَا I prepared, or made ready, such a thing. (TA.) And أَجْمِعُوا أَمْرَكُمْ Prepare ye for your affair. (Fr.) b5: Also The binding the teats of a she-camel all together with the صِرَار, q. v. (K.) You say, اجمع بِالنَّاقَةِ, (S, TA,) and اجمع النَّاقَةِ, (TA,) He so bound the teats of the she-camel; (S, TA;) and so أَكْمَشَ بِهَا. (TA.) b6: Also The drying [a thing]; drying [it] up; making [it] dry; syn. التَّجْفِيفُ وَالإِيبَاسُ. (K TA. [In the CK, erroneously, التَخْفُيفُ والاِيْناسُ.]) Hence the saying of Aboo-Wejzeh Es-Saadee, وَأَجْمَعَتِ الهَوَاجِرُ كُلَّ رَجْعٍ

مِنَ الأَجْمَادِ وَالدَّمِثِ البَثَآءِ i.e. [And the vehement mid-day-heats] dried up every pool left by a torrent [of the hard and elevated grounds and of the soft and even ground]. (TA.) b7: اجمع المَطَرُ الأَرْضِ The rain made the whole of the land, both its soft tracts and its hard tracts, to flow: (K:) and in like manner you say, أَجْمَعَتِ الأَرْضُ سَائِلَةً The land flowed in its soft tracts [as well as in its hard tracts; i. e., in every part]. (TA.) [See also 10.]5 تَجَمَّعَ see 8, in three places: and see also 4, latter half.7 انجمع عَنِ النَّاسِ [He withdrew himself from men]. (TA in art. قبض.) 8 اجتمع It (a thing in a scattered or dispersed state, S, and a number of men, Msb, [and a number of things,]) became collected, brought together, gathered together, gathered up, assembled, congregated, mustered, drawn together, or contracted; or it collected, collected itself together, gathered itself together, came together, assembled, congregated, drew itself together, contracted itself; coalesced; combined; (K, TA;) so that the several parts or portions became near [or close] together; (TA;) as also اِجْدَمَعَ, (K,) with د [substituted for the ت]; (TA;) and ↓ تجمّع and ↓ استجمع signify the same: (Msb, K:) and ↓ تجمّعوا signifies they became collected, &c., [from several places, or] hence and thence. (S, K:) [See also 10.] You say also, اجتمع مَعَهُ (Mgh) and بِهِ (Msb) [meaning He was, or became, in company with him; came together with him; met with him; met him; had a meeting, or an interview, with him]. And اجتمع مَعَهُ عَلَى أَمْرِ كَذَا: (S, K:) see 3, first sentence: and see the sentence there next following. And in like manner, عَلَى ↓ تجمّعوا فُلَانٍ They combined, conspired, or leagued, together against such a one. (Ibn-Buzurj, TA in art. ضفر.) [See also اجتمعوا عَلَى الأَمْرِ in 4, latter half.] You also say, اِجْتَمَعَتِ آرَاؤُهُمْ عَلَى الأَمْرِ [Their opinions agreed together, or were in unison, upon, or respecting, the affair]. (Er-Rághib.) and اِجْتَمَعَتْ شَرَائِطُ الإِمَامَةِ The conditions of the office of Imám occurred together [or were combined, or they coexisted, in such a case]; as also ↓ اِسْتَجْمَعَتْ. (Msb: [but it is implied in the Mgh that the latter verb in this sense is not of established authority.]) [See a similar ex. voce ارتفع.] b2: [He, or it, was, or became, compact in make or frame, compressed, contracted, or the like. b3: And hence,] He (a man) attained to his full state of manly vigour, and his beard became fullgrown. (K, TA.) The verb is not thus used in speaking of a woman. (S, TA.) b4: [Hence also,] اجتمع فِى الحَاجَةِ [He was quick and vigorous in executing the needful affair, or in accomplishing that which was wanted; as though he compacted his frame, and collected all his energy: see مَشَى مُجْتَمِعًا, below: and see also 10]. (TA in art. كمش.) b5: [Hence also,] اِجْتَمَعَتِ القِدْرُ The cooking-pot boiled. (Z, TA.) b6: [Hence also, اجتمع said of a thing, or an affair, It was, or became, composed, arranged, or settled.]10 إِسْتَجْمَعَ ↓ استجمع كُلَّ مَجْمَعٍ [He desired, or demanded, the collecting together of every body of soldiers; or he summoned together every body of soldiers]: said of him who demands, or summons, armies, or military forces. (S, TA.) [But this usage of the verb is perhaps post-classical: for Mtr says,] With respect to the saying of ElAbeewardee, شَآمِيَّةٌ تَسْتَجْمِعُ الشَّوْلَ حَرْجَفُ [A north wind, cold and vehement, inviting to collect themselves together the she-camels whose milk has dried up, they having passed seven or eight months since bringing forth, or since pregnancy], it seems that he has compared this verb with the generality of others of the same class, [and so derived the meaning in which he has here used it,] or that he heard it [in that sense] from the people of the cities, or towns, or villages, and cultivated lands. (Mgh.) A2: استجمع used intransitively is syn. with اجتمع, which see in two places, and تجمّع. (Msb, K.) b2: استجمع السَّيْلُ The torrent collected itself together from every place. (S, Mgh, K.) b3: استجمع الوَادِى

The valley flowed in every place thereof. (TA.) [See also 4, last signification.] b4: اِسْتَجْمَعَتْ لَهُ

أُمُورُهُ His affairs, or circumstances, all combined in a manner pleasing to him. (Mgh, K.) b5: استجمع الفَرَسُ جَرْيًا (S, Mgh, K) The horse exerted all his force, or energy, in running: (K, TA:) the last word is here in the accus. case as a specificative. (Mgh.) You say also, اِسْتَجْمَعُوا لَهُمْ, meaning They exerted [all] their strength, force, or energy, for fighting them: and hence, لَكُمْ ↓ إِنَّ النَّاسِ قَدْ جَمَعُوا [app. meaning Verily the men, or people, have exerted all their strength for fighting you]. (A, TA.) b6: استجمع القَوْمُ The people, or company of men, all went away, not one of them remaining; like as one says of a valley flowing in every place thereof. (TA.) b7: استجمع البَقْلُ The herbs, or leguminous plants, all dried up. (TA.) جَمْعٌ inf. n. of 1. (S, &c.) [Hence,] يَوْمُ الجَمْعِ The day of resurrection [when all mankind will be collected together]. (IDrd, K.) b2: Also, without the article ال, A name of El-Muzdelifeh [between 'Arafát and Minè]; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) determinate, like عَرَفَاتُ: (TA:) so called because people collect themselves there; (S, Msb;) or because Adam there met with Eve (Mgh, Msb) after they had fallen [from Paradise]: (TA:) [or, app., a name of the tract from 'Arafát to Minè inclusive of these two places: and hence,] يَوْمُ جَمْعٍ the day of 'Arafeh [when the pilgrims halt at Mount 'Arafát]: and أَيَّامُ جَمْعٍ the days of Minè. (IDrd, K.) b3: As an inf. n. used as a subst., properly so termed, (S, * Mgh, Msb,) it also signifies A collection; a number together; an assembly; a company, troop, congregated or collective body, party, or group; a mass; syn. ↓ جَمَاعَةٌ, (S, Mgh, L, Msb, K,) of men; (S, L, K;) as also ↓ مَجْمَعٌ (L, Msb, TA) and ↓ مَجْمِعٌ (Msb) and ↓ مَجْمَعَةٌ (L, TA) and ↓ جَمِيعٌ: (O, K:) but ↓ جَمَاعَةٌ is also used as signifying a collection, a number together, or an assemblage, of other things than men; [of beasts, as camels, horses and the like, bulls and cows, and antelopes, gazelles, &c., i. e. a herd, troop, or drove; of dogs, i. e. a pack; of sheep and goats, i. e. a flock; of birds, i. e. a flock or bevy; of bees, and locusts, &c., i. e. a swarm;] and even of trees, and of plants; (L, TA;) it signifies a collection, or an assemblage, or aggregate, of any things, consisting of many and of few; (Msb;) [as also ↓ مَجْمُوعٌ and ↓ مَجْمَعٌ;] a number, a plurality, and a multitude, of any things: (TA:) the pl. of جَمْعٌ is جُمُوعٌ. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) b4: and particularly, An army; a military force; (TA;) as also ↓ جَمِيعٌ. (S, K.) Whence the phrase, in a trad., لَهُ سَهْمٌ جَمْعٌ, [or, more probably, سَهْمُ جَمْعٍ,] meaning For him or shall be, the like of an army's share of the spoil. (TA.) b5: Also The plural of a thing [or word; i. e. a proper plural, according to the grammarians; and also applied by the lexicologists to a quasi-plural noun, which the grammarians distinguish by the terms اِسْمُ جَمْعٍ and جَمْعٌ لُغَوِىٌّ]; and so ↓ جِمَاعٌ, (S, K,) and ↓ جَمِيعٌ, except that this last is what is termed اِسْمٌ لَازِمٌ [app. meaning a subst. which does not govern another as its complement in the gen. case like as جَمْعٌ and جِمَاعٌ do, being thus likened to what is termed فِعْلٌ لَازِمٌ, i. e. an intransitive verb; so that you say of الخِبَآءُ, for instance, الجَمِيعُ الأَخْبِيَةُ the plural is الاخبية; for in this manner I always find it used when it has this signification, which is frequently the case in several of the older lexicons, and in some others; not جَمِيعُ الخِبَآءِ الأَخْبِيَةُ]; (TA;) [whereas] you say, [جَمْعُ الخِبَآءِ الأَخْبِيَةُ and] ↓ جِمَاعُ الخِبَآءِ الأَخْبِيَةُ, (S, K,) i. e. the جَمْع [or plural] of الخباء is الخِبَآءِ; (K) for ↓ الجِمَاعُ is what comprises a number [of things]. (S, K.) See also this last word below. b6: And see also the next paragraph, in three places. b7: The worst sort of dates; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) because they are collected together and mixed, (Mgh, Msb,) from among the dates of fifty palm-trees: (Mgh:) and afterwards, by predominant usage, [any] bad dates: (Mgh, * Msb:) or a certain kind of dates (K, TA) mixed together, of several sorts, not in request, and not mixed but for their badness: (TA:) or it signifies, (Mgh, K,) or signifies also, (S, Msb,) palm-trees (As, S, Mgh, Msb, K) of any kind, (As, Mgh, Msb,) growing from the date-stones, (S, K,) of which the name is unknown. (As, S, Mgh, Msb, K.) b8: Red gum; (Ibn-'Abbád, K;) [app. because collected and mixed with gum of lighter colour.] b9: The milk of any camel having her udder bound with the صِرَار [q. v.]; ([i. e. the milk that collects in the udder so bound;] that of any camel not having her udder bound therewith is called فُوَاقٌ;) as also ↓ جَمِيعٌ. (K.) الجُمْعُ, (TA, and EM p. 102,) and جُمْعُ الكَفِّ, (S, Msb, K,) and الكَفِّ ↓ جِمْعُ, (Msb, K, and so in the margin of a copy of the S, as mentioned in the TA,) and الكَفِّ ↓ جَمْعُ, (Msb,) The fist; the hand clinched; (S, Msb, K;) the hand with the fingers put together and contracted in the palm: (TA, * and EM ubi suprà:) pl. أَجْمَاعٌ. (K.) Yousay, ضَرَبْتُهُ بِجُمْعِ كَفِّى I beat him, or struck him, with my fist. (S, Msb. *) And ضَرَبُوهُ بِأَجْمَاعِهِمْ They beat him, or struck him, with their [clinched] hands. (TA.) And جَآءَ فُلَانٌ بِقُبْضَةٍ مِلْءٍ جُمْعِهِ Such a one came with a quantity in his grasp as much as filled his clinched hand. (S, TA.) and جُمْعُ الكَفِّ signifies [also] The quantity that a hand grasps, of money &c. (Ham p. 778.) b2: أَخَذْتُ فُلَانًا بِجُمْعِ ثِيَابِهِ, (S, Msb, *) and ↓ بِجَمْعِ ثِيَابِهِ, (Msb,) i. e. [I took, or seized, such a one] by the part where his garments met together. (Msb.) b3: أَمْرُهُمْ بِجُمْعِ, and ↓ بِجِمْعٍ, (tropical:) Their affair, or case, is concealed, (S, K,) undivulged by them, and unknown by any one [beside them]. (S, TA.) b4: ذَهَبَ الشَّهْرُ بِجُمْعٍ, and ↓ بِجِمْعٍ, The month passed away wholly; all of it. (K, TA.) b5: هِىَ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا بِجُمْعٍ, (S, Mgh, K,) and ↓ بِجِمْعٍ, (S, K,) She is as yet undevirginated, or undeflowered, (S, Mgh, K,) by her husband. (S, Mgh.) and طُلِّقَتْ بِجُمْعٍ, or ↓ بِجِمْعٍ, She was divorced being yet a virgin. (TA.) And مَاتَتْ بِجُمْعٍ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ بِجِمْعٍ, (Ks, S, Msb, K,) and ↓ بِجَمْعٍ, (K,) She died a virgin: (Mgh, Msb, K:) or it signifies, (S, K,) or signifies also, (Mgh, Msb,) she died being with child; (Az, S, Mgh, Msb, K;) whether suffering the pains of parturition or not: (Az:) or heavy with child: (K:) occurring in the first sense, (Mgh, TA,) or, as some say, in the last, (TA,) in a trad., in which it is said that a woman who so dies is a martyr: (Mgh, TA:) it properly signifies she died with something comprised in her, not separated from her, whether it were a burden in the womb, or her maidenhead: (Sgh:) [the pl. is أَجْمَاعٌ; for] you say, مَاتَتِ النِّسَآءُ بِأَجْمَاعٍ The women died [being virgins: or] being with child. (Az.) You say also, نَاقَةٌ جُمْعٌ A she-camel with young. (TA.) And ↓ اِمْرَأَةٌ جَامِعٌ A woman with child. (TA.) جِمْعٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in six places.

جُمَعٌ pl. of جَمْعَآءُ, fem. of أَجْمَعُ [q. v.].

جُمْعَةٌ is [a subst.] from الاِجْتِمَاعُ, like as [its contr.] فُرْقَةٌ is [ a subst.] from الااِفْتِرَاقُ: (Mgh:) and signifies A state of union, agreement, congruity, or congregation: or sociableness, socialness, familiarity, companionableness, companionship, fellowship, friendship, and amity: syn. أُلْفَةٌ: as in the saying, أَدَامَ اللّٰهُ جُمْعَةَ مَا بَيْنَكُمَا [May God make permanent the state of union, &c., subsisting between you two]. (Aboo-Sa'eed, K.) b2: Hence, (Mgh,) يَوْمُ الجُمْعَةِ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) the original form, (TA,) of the dial. of 'Okeyl; (Msb, TA;) and يَوْمُ الجُمُعَةِ, (S, Msb, K,) the most chaste form, (TA,) of the dial. of El-Hijáz; (Msb, TA;) and يَوْمُ الجُمَعَةِ, (Msb, K,) of the dial. of Benoo-Temeem; (Msb, TA;) and, in consequence of frequency of usage, الجُمَعَةُ alone; (Mgh;) A well-known day; (K;) [the day of the congregation; i. e. Friday;] formerly called (TA) the day of العَرُوبَة: (S, TA:) called يوم الجمعة because of the congregating of the people thereon: (Msb:) Th asserts that the first who named it thus was Kaab Ibn-Lu-eí; and he is related to have said that it was thus called because Kureysh used to gather themselves together to Kuseí, [on that day,] in [the building called] دَارُ النَّدْوَةِ: (TA:) accord. to the R, Kaab Ibn-Lu-eí was the first who collected a congregation on the day of العروبة, which was not called الجمعة save since the coming of El-Islám; [or it was not generally thus called before El-Islám; for it is added,] and he was the first who named it الجمعة; for Kureysh used to congregate to him on this day, and he used to preach to them, and to put them in mind of the mission of the apostle of God, informing them that he should be of his descendants, and bidding them to follow him and to believe in him: (TA:) or, as some say, it was thus called in the time of El-Islám because of their congregating [thereon] in the mosque: accord. to a trad., the Ansár named it thus, because of their congregating thereon: (TA:) or it was thus named because God collected thereon the materials of which Adam was created: (I 'Ab:) those who say الجُمَعَةُ regard it as an epithet, meaning that this day collects men much; comparing it to هُمَزَةٌ and لُمَزَةٌ and ضُحَكَةٌ: (TA:) the pl. is جُمَعٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and جُمْعَاتٌ (Msb, K) and جُمُعَاتٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and جُمَعَاتٌ; (Msb, K;) of which the last is pl. of جُمَعَةٌ, [as well as of جُمْعَةٌ, accord. to analogy,] but not so جُمَعٌ (AHát) [nor either of the other pls. mentioned above]. b3: In like manner you say صَلَاةٌ الجُمْعَةِ [The prayer of Friday], and, in consequence of the frequency of usage, الجُمْعَةُ alone. (Mgh.) b4: الجُمْعَةُ, with the م quiescent, is also a name for [The week; i. e.] the days of the week [collectively]; of which the Arabs are said, by IAar, to have reckoned the Sabbath (السَّبْت [i. e. Saturday]) as the first, though they called Sunday the first of the days. (Msb.) b5: جُمْعَةٌ is also syn. with مَجْمُوعَةٌ [meaning Things collected together; or a collection of things]; (K;) as in the phrase جُمْعَةٌ مِنْ حَصًى [a collection of pebbles]. (TA.) b6: You say also جُمْعَةٌ مِنْ تَمْرٍ, meaning A handful of dates. (S, K.) جَمْعِىٌّ Of, or relating to, a plural.]

جُمَعِىٌّ One who fasts on Friday by himself. (IAar, Th.) جِمَاعٌ: see جَمْعٌ as signifying “ a plural,” in three places. [The primary signification seems to be the last there mentioned; where it is said,] الجِمَاعُ is What comprises a number [of things]: (S, K:) one says, الخَمْرُ جِمَاعُ الإِثْمِ (S, TA) [i. e. Wine is what comprises a number of sins: or] that in which sin is comprised, and known to be: the saying is a trad.: (TA:) or جِمَاعُ الإِثْمِ signifies the plurality (جَمْع) of sins. (Msb.) Hence also the saying of El-Hasan El-Basree, اِتَّقُوا هٰذِهِ الأَهْوَآءَ فَإِنَّ جِمَاعَهَا الضَّلَالَةُ وَمَعَادَهَا النَّارُ [Beware ye of these natural desires; for what they involve is error, and the place to which they lead is the fire of Hell]. (TA: in the L, وميعادها.) And it is said in a trad., حَدِّثْنِى بِكَلِمَةٍ تَكُونُ جِمَاعًا i. e. Tell me a saying comprising [virtually] a plurality of sayings. (TA.) [See a similar phrase below, voce جَامِعٌ.] b2: [Hence also,] بُرْمَةٌ جِمَاعٌ A stonecooking-pot of the largest size: (Ks, L:) or قِدْرٌ جِمَاعٌ, and ↓ جَامِعَةٌ, (S, K, TA,) a cooking-pot that comprises a slaughtered camel; or, accord. to the A, that comprises a sheep or goat: (TA:) or a great cooking-pot; (S, K;) as also ↓ جَامِعٌ: (Sgh, K:) pl. [most probably of this last] جُمْعٌ [like as بُزْلٌ is pl. of بَازِلٌ, &c.]. (K.) b3: Yousay also, فُلَانٌ جِمَاعٌ لِبَنِى فُلَانٍ Such a one is an object of resort for his counsel and authority to the sons of such a one. (TA.) A2: [See also 3.]

جَمُوعٌ: see جَمَّاعٌ.

جَمِيعٌ In a state of collection, congregation, or union; being together; met together; [as also ↓ مُجْتَمِعٌ;] contr. of مُتَفَرِّقٌ. (S, K.) You say قَوْمٌ جَمِيعٌ A people, or number of men, in a state of collection, &c.; being together; met together; syn. ↓ مُجْتَمِعُونَ: (TA:) and in like manner, ↓ إِبِلٌ جَمَّاعَةٌ Camels in a state of collection; &c. (TA.) b2: [All, or the whole, of any things or thing.] See أَجْمَعُ, last sentence. b3: [As an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant,] A tribe [or any number of men] in a state of collection, congregation, or union; being together; met together; syn. ↓ حَىٌّ مُجْتَمِعٌ. (S, K.) See also جَمْعٌ, in four places. b4: A man compact, or compressed, or contracted, in make, or frame: (الخَلْقِ ↓ مُجْتَمِعُ;) strong; who has not become decrepit nor infirm. (TA.) b5: رَجُلٌ جَمِيعٌ اللَّأْمَةِ A man having his arms, or weapons, collected together. (TA.) b6: رَجُلٌ جَمِيعُ الرَّأْىِ, and ↓ مُجْتَمِعُهُ, A man of right, not disordered or unsettled, opinion, or judgment, or counsel. (TA.) b7: جَعَلَ الأَمْرَ جَمِيعًا بَعْدَ تَفَرُّقِهِ (AHeyth, K) He determined, resolved, or decided, upon the affair, so as to make it firmly settled, [after it had been unsettled in his mind, or] after considering what might be its issues, or results, and saying at one time, I will do thus, and at another time, I will do thus. (AHeyth.) جَمَاعَةٌ: see جَمْعٌ, in two places.

جَمَّاعٌ and ↓ مِجْمَعٌ [are mentioned together, but not explained, in the TA: the former signifies, and probably, judging from analogy, the latter likewise, as also ↓ جَمُوعٌ, One who collects much; or who collects many things]. b2: إِبِلٌ جَمَّاعَةٌ: see جَمِيعٌ جُمَّاعٌ Anything of which the several component parts are collected, brought, gathered, or drawn, together. (IDrd, K.) b2: [Hence,] as an epithet, applied to a woman, it means Short. (TA.) b3: [Hence also,] جُمَّاعٌ الثُّرَيَّا The cluster of the Pleiades: (IDrd:) or persons who collect together for the rain of the Pleiades, which is the rain called الوَسْمِىّ, looking for the fruitfulness and herbage resulting from it. (IAar.) b4: And جُمَّاعُ النَّاسِ A medley, or mixed or promiscuous multitude or collection, of men, or people, (S, Msb, K,) of various tribes; (S, K;) as also جُمَّاعٌ alone: (TA:) or the latter, people scattered, or in a state of dispersion. (Ham p. 302.) b5: جُمَّاعٌ also signifies The place [either properly or tropically] which comprises the origin of anything; (K, TA;) the source of descent or extraction of people; and hence applied by I 'Ab to main tribes from which other tribes are derived; or, as some say, used by him as meaning various classes of men, such as are termed أَوْزَاع and أَوْشَاب. (TA.) b6: [And The main, or most essential, part of a thing. Thus,] جُمَّاعُ جَسَدِ الإِنْسَانِ means The head of the man. (TA.) b7: جُمَّاعُ التَّمْرِ The contraction (تَجَمُّع) of the envelopes of the flowers of dates, in one place, upon [the germs of] the fruit, or produce, thereof. (TA.) جَامِعٌ [act. part. n. of 1; Collecting; &c.] b2: الجَامِعُ one of the names of God; meaning The Collector of the created beings for the day of reckoning: or, as some say, the Combiner of things of similar natures and of things of contrary natures, in existence. (IAth.) b3: The belly; [because it collects what passes from the stomach;] of the dial. of El-Yemen. (TA.) b4: Also, (Msb,) or المَسْجِدُ الجَامِعُ, (S, K,) [The congregational mosque;] the mosque in which the [congregational] prayers of Friday are performed; because it collects the people for a certain time; (Msb;) and you may also say, مَسْجِدُ الجَامِعِ, meaning مَسْجِدُ اليَوْمِ الجَامِعِ, (S, K,) like as you say الحَقُّ اليَقِينُ and حَقُّ اليَقِينِ, [the latter] as meaning حَقُّ الشَّىْءِ اليَقِينِ; for it is not allowable to prefix a noun to another of the same meaning except with this kind of subaudition; or, accord. to Fr, the Arabs used to do so because of the difference of the two words themselves: (S:) or مسجد الجامع is a mistake: (K:) so says Lth; but all others allow it; for the Arabs prefix a subst. to another signifying the same thing, and also to its epithet, as in the phrases in the Kur دِينُ القَيِّمَةِ [ch. xcviii. v. 4] and وَعْدَ الصِّدْقِ [ch. xlvi. v. 15]: (Az, TA:) [pl. جَوَامِعُ.] b5: مِصْرٌ جَامِعٌ [A great town comprising a large population; a comprehensive great town]. (Msb in art. مدن [where it is given as the explanation of مَدِينَةٌ]; and K in art. قرى [where it is less properly given as the explanation of قَرْيَةٌ].) b6: قِدْرٌ جَامِعٌ and جَامِعَةٌ: see جِمَاعٌ b7: اِمْرَأَةٌ جامِعٌ: see the paragraph commencing with الجُمْعُ; last signification. b8: أَتَانٌ جَامِعٌ A she-ass pregnant when beginning to be so. (S, O, K.) b9: ↓ جَامِعَةٌ A [collar of the kind called]

غُلّ; (S, K;) because it collects together the two hands to the neck: (S:) pl. جَوَامِعُ. (TA.) b10: أَمْرٌ جَامِعٌ An affair that collects people together: or, as Er-Rághib says, a momentous affair, on account of which people collect themselves together; as though the affair itself collected them. (TA.) [Similar to this is the saying,] الصَّلَاةُ جَامِعَةٌ لِكُلِّ النَّاسِ Prayer is a collector of all people. (Msb.) b11: It is said of Mohammad, (Msb,) كَانَ يَتَكَلَّمُ بِجَوَامِعِ الكَلِمِ He used to speak comprehensive but concise language; language conveying many meanings in few words. (Msb, K. [In the CK, الكلم is omitted.]) and hence the saying of 'Omar Ibn-'Abd-el-'Azeez, عَجِبْتُ لِمَنْ لَاحَنَ النَّاسَ كَيْفَ لَا يَعْرِفُ جَوَامِعَ الكَلِمِ, meaning [I wonder at him who vies with men in endeavouring to show his superiority of intelligence,] how it is that he does not [know the way to] confine himself to conciseness, and abstain from superfluity, of speech. (TA.) In like manner, (TA,) it is said in a trad., أُوتِيتُ جَوَامِعَ الكَلِمِ, meaning I have had communicated to me the Kur-án, (K, TA,) in which many meanings are comprised in a few words. (TA.) الجَوَامِعُ مِنَ الدُّعَآءِ, also, signifies Prayers, or supplications, combining petitions for good and right objects of desire with praise of God and with the general prescribed observances proper to the case. (TA.) You say also, المَحَامِدِ ↓ حَمِدْتُ اللّٰهَ بِمَجَامِعِ I praised God with words comprising various forms of praise. (Msb.) [See also جِمَاعٌ.] b12: رَجُلٌ جَامِعٌ A man who combines such qualities that he is suited to hardship and to easiness of circumstances. (As. T in art. ادم.) And رَجُلٌ جَامِعٌ لِلْخَيْرِ (T and M and K in art. ام) A man combining all kinds of good qualities. (TK in that art.) b13: دَابَّةٌ جَامِعٌ A beast fit for the إِكَاف and the سَرْج [i. e. for the saddle of either of the kinds thus called]. (Sgh, K.) b14: جَمَلٌ جَامِعٌ, and نَاقَةٌ جَامِعَةٌ, (K,) accord. to ISh, (TA,) A hecamel, and a she-camel, that fails of putting forth the tooth called ناب at the time expected; expl. by أَخْلَفَا بُزُولًا: but this is not said except after four years: (K:) so in the copies of the K; but correctly, accord. to the O and TS, this is not said after four years, [app. reckoned from the usual time of بزول, for this is in the ninth year, or, sometimes, in the eighth,] without the exceptive particle. (TA.) جَامِعَةٌ used as a subst.: see the next preceding paragraph.

أَجْمَعُ [Collecting, comprising, or containing, a greater, or the greatest, number or quantity; more, or most, comprehensive. Of its usage in a superlative sense, the following are exs.]. إِذَا أَخَذَ شَاهِدَ زُورٍ بَعَثَ بِهِ إِلَى السُّوقِ أَجْمَعَ مَا كَانَ [When he took a false witness, he sent him to the market when it comprised, or contained, the greatest number of people]: اجمع being here in the accus. case as a denotative of state with respect to the سوق: and the reason why كانت is not here said [instead of كان] is that سوق is sometimes masc. (Mgh.) And اِفْعَلْ مَا هُوَ أَجْمَعُ لِأُصُولِ الأَحْكَامِ [Do thou that which is most comprehensive in relation to the principles of the ordinances applying to the case]. (Msb in art. حوط.) A2: [As a simple epithet, Entire, complete, or whole: fem.

جَمْعَآءُ. You say,] بَهِيمَةٌ جَمْعَآءُ A beast free from defects, entire in all its limbs or members, without mutilation, and without cauterization; (TA;) a beast from the body of which nothing has gone. (S, K.) b2: نَاقَةٌ جَمْعَآءُ [may sometimes have the like meaning: or,] accord. to IAar, (TA,) A she-camel extremely aged, (K, TA,) so that her teeth have become short, and almost gone. (TA.) A3: It is also a sing. having the meaning of a pl., (S, K,) without any proper sing. of its own: (S:) its pl. is أَجْمَعُونَ: and its fem. is جَمْعَآءُ: (S, K:) and the pl. of this last is جُمَعُ, though by rule it should be formed by the addition of ا and ت to the sing., like as the pl. of أَجْمَعُ is formed by the addition of و and ن; (S;) the original form from which جُمَعُ is changed being جَمْعَاوَاتٌ; or it is جَمَاعَى; it is not جُمْعٌ, because أَجْمَعُ is not an epithet, like as أَحْمَرُ is, of which the pl. is حُمْرٌ; (L;) for it is determinate, though of the measure of an epithet, which is indeterminate; (AAF;) and though it is in concordance with the noun which precedes it, like an epithet, it is shown to be not an epithet by its not having a broken pl.: (L:) it is a simple corroborative; (S, K;) and so are أَجْمَعُونَ and جَمْعَآءُ and جُمَعُ; not used as an inchoative nor as an enunciative nor as the agent of a verb nor as the objective complement of a verb, like as are some other corroboratives, such as نَفْسُهُ and عَيْنُهُ and كُلُّهُ. (S.) You say, أَخَذْتُ حَقِّى أَجْمَعَ [I took my right, or due, all of it, or altogether]: and رأَيْتُ النِّسْوَةَ جُمَعَ [I saw the women, all of them, or all together]: the last word in this and similar cases being imperfectly declinable, and determinate word: (Sudot;, TA:) and جَاؤُوا أَجْمَعُونَ [They came, all of them, or all together]: and رَأَيْتُهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ [I saw them, all of them, or all together]: and مَرَرْتُ بِهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ [I passed by them, all of them, or all together]. (Msb.) Fr mentions the phrases, أَعْجَبَنِى القَصْرُ أَجْمَعَ [The palace pleased me, all of it, or altogether], and الدَّارُ جَمْعَآءَ [The house, all of it, or altogether], with the accus. case, as denotative of state; but does not allow أَجْمَعُونَ nor جُمَعُ to be used otherwise than as corroboratives: IDrst, however, allows أَجْمَعِينَ to be used as a denotative of state; and this is correct; and accord. to both these ways is related the trad., فَصَلُّوا جُلُوسًا أَجْمَعِينَ and أَجْمَعُونَ [And pray ye sitting, all of you, or all together]; though some make اجمعين [here] to be a corroborative of a pronoun understood in the accus. case, as though the speaker said, أَعْنِيكُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ [I mean you, all of you, or all together]: (K in art. بتع:) or اجمعين in this case is a corruption committed by the relaters in the first age; and he is in error who says that it is in the accus. case as a denotative of state, for corroboratives are determinate, and the denotative of state is literally or virtually indeterminate. (Msb.) [Respecting the usage of this corroborative together with others similar to it, see أَبْتَعُ.] You say also, جَاؤُوا بِأَجْمَعِهِمْ, and بِأَجْمُعِهِمْ, with damm to the م, [They came, all of them, or all together,] (S, Msb, K,) the latter mentioned by ISk. (Msb.) And you say, قَبَضْتُ المَالَ أَجْمَعَهُ [I took, or received, the property, all of it, or altogether]. (Msb.) And ↓ جَمِيعٌ, also, is used as a corroborative: (S, Msb:) as in the saying جَاؤُوا جَمِيعًا, meaning They came, all of them: (S:) and قَبَضْتُ المَالَ جَمِيعَهُ, like أَجْمَعَهُ [explained above]: (Msb:) and جَمِيعَةً occurs as its fem.; but this is extr. (TA.) مَجْمَعٌ and مَجْمِعٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the latter anomalous, like مَشْرِقٌ and مَغْرِبٌ &c., (TA,) A place of collecting, and the like: (S, Msb, * K:) [pl. مَجَامِعُ] [Hence,] مَجْمَعُ البَحْرَيْنِ, in the Kur [xviii. 59], means The place where the two seas meet. (Bd.) And in like manner, where it is said in a trad., فضَرَبَ بِيَدِهِ مَجْمَعَ بَيْنَ عُنُقِى

وَكَتِفِى, [in which مَا seems to have been dropped by the copyist between مجمع and بين,] the meaning is, [And he struck with his hand] the place where my neck and my shoulder-blade meet. (TA.) [Hence also the phrase مَجَامِعُ المَحَامِدِ, explained above: see جَامِعٌ, near the end of the paragraph. And مَجَامِعُ الأُمُورِ, meaning The concurrences of affairs, or of circumstances, or of events.]

b2: A place in which people collect, assemble, or congregate: (Msb, * TA:) and [in like manner,] ↓ مَجْمَعَةٌ signifies an assembly-room; a sitting room in which people assemble: (TA:) [pl. of both مَجَامِعُ.] You say, هٰذَا الكَلَامُ أَوْلَجُ فِى

المَسَامِعِ وَأَجْوَلُ فِى المَجَامِعِ [This language, or discourse, is more, or most, penetrating into the ears, and more, or most, circulating in the places of assembly]. (TA.) b3: See also جَمْعٌ, as syn. with جَمَاعَةٌ, in two places; and see 10, first sentence. b4: [The whole of anything, considered as the place in which the several parts thereof are collected: see an instance voce خُفٌّ: and see also مُجْتَمَعٌ.]

أَمْرٌ مُجْمَعٌ, (S, K,) and مُجْمَعٌ عَلَيْهِ, (TA,) An affair determined, resolved, or decided, upon: (S, K:) an affair agreed upon. (TA.) [The former signification applies to both of the abovementioned phrases: the latter signification, perhaps, only to the latter phrase.] b2: خُطْبَةٌ مُجْمَعَةٌ [A discourse in rhyming prose, or the like,] in which is no flaw, or defect. (Ibn-' Abbád, K.) عَامٌ مُجْمِعٌ A year of dearth, drought, sterility, or unfruitfulness: (Ks, K:) because it is an occasion of people's collecting together in the place where herbage, or plenty, is found. (Ks.) And فَلَاةٌ مُجْمِعَةٌ, (S, TA,) like مُحْسِنَةٌ; (TA;) [in Gol. Lex., erroneously, مُجْمَعَةٌ;] and ↓ مُجَمِّعَةٌ, like مُحَدِّثَةٌ; (TA;) A desert in which people collect themselves together, not separating themselves, from fear of losing their way, or perishing, and the like; as though the desert itself collected them. (S, TA.) And أَرْضٌ مُجْمِعَةٌ, like مُحْسِنَةٌ, A land of dearth, drought, sterility, or unfruitfulness, wherein the camels upon which people journey are not dispersed to pasture. (TA.) مِجْمَعٌ: see جَمَّاعٌ.

مَجْمَعَةٌ: see مَجْمَعٌ: b2: and جَمْعٌ, as syn. with جَمَاعَةٌ.

A2: Also Sands collected together: (K:) pl. مَجَامِعُ. (TA.) And A vacant, or void, land, destitute of herbage or vegetable produce, and of water. (AA, K.) فَلَاةٌ مُجَمِّعَةٌ: see مُجْمِعٌ.

مَجْمُوعٌ Collected; brought, or gathered, together; gathered up; assembled; congregated; mustered; drawn together; [or contracted;] (S, K, TA;) [from several places, or] hence and thence, although not made as one thing. (S, Sgh, L, K.) It is said in the Kur [xi. 105], ذٰلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَجْمُوعٌ لَهُ النَّاسِ That is a day for which mankind shall be collected. (TA.) b2: See also جَمْعٌ.

مُجْتَمَعٌ [A place in which a thing becomes collected, brought together, or the like; or in which things have become so; where they collect themselves, come together, or unite; or in which they are comprised, or contained; a place in which is a collection of things]. You say, البَيْضَةُ مُجْتَمَعُ الوَلَدِ [The egg is that which comprises the young bird]. (Mgh in art. بيض.) And مُجْتَمَعُ المَوْتِ signifies the same as حَوْضُ المَوْتِ, which see, in art. حوض. (TA in that art.) b2: [Also The collective mass, or whole, of the hair of the head: (see جُمَّةٌ, in three places:) مُجْتَمَعُ شَعْرِ الرَّأْسِ meaning the whole head of hair: see also مَجْمَعٌ.]

مُجْتَمِعٌ: see جَمِيعٌ, in five places. b2: A man who has attained to his full state of manly vigour, (S, Mgh, TA,) and whose beard has become fullgrown: (TA:) because at that time his powers have become collected, or because his beard is then full-grown. (Mgh.) [See the verb, 8. and see an ex. in a verse of Suheym Ibn-Wetheel cited in art. دور, conj. 3.] b3: أَلْقَاهُ مُجْتَمِعًا [He threw him down gathered together, or in a heap]. (S and Msb and K in art. كور.) b4: مَشَى مُجْتَمِعًا He walked quickly, (K, TA,) with vehemence of motion, and strength of limbs, not languidly. (TA.) مُتَجَمَّعُ البَيْدَآءِ The main part of the desert; the part in which [as it were] it collects itself; syn. مُعَظَمُهَا وَمُحْتَفَلُهَا. (TA.)

نجد

1 نَجَدَهُ, aor. ـُ (S, L,) inf. n. نَجْدٌ, (L, K,) He overcame, conquered, subdued, overpowered, prevailed over, or surpassed, him. (AO, S, L, K.) b2: نَجَدَ رَأْيَهُ فِى الأُمُورِ, inf. n. نَجْدٌ, He exerted his judgment in affairs. (Sh, L.) b3: نَجُدَ, (S, M, &c.,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. نَجَادَةٌ (M, L, K) and نَجْدَةٌ, (K,) or the latter is a simple subst., (M, L,) He (a man, S, L,) was, or became, courageous, (S, M, L, Msb, K,) and sharp, or vigorous and effective, in those affairs which others lack power or ability to accomplish: (M, L, K:) or, very valiant: or, quick in assenting to that which he was called or invited to do, whether it were good or evil. (M, L.) See also 10, and 4. b4: نَجِدَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. نَجَدٌ; (S, L;) or نُجِدَ, like عُنِىَ, inf. n. نَجْدٌ; (K;) He became [overcome,] afflicted, distressed, or oppressed, by sorrow, grief, or anxiety. (S, L, K.) b5: نَجِدَ, aor. ـَ (S, L,) and نَجُدَ, which is extr., (L,) [or properly the aor. of نَجُدَ,] inf. n. نَجَدٌ, (S, L,) He (a man, S) sweated, by reason of work, or of sorrow, grief, or anxiety: (S, L:) and ↓ أَنْجَدَ he (a man, TA) sweated. (K.) b6: نُجِدَ عَرَقًا, (K,) or نَجُدَ عَرَقًا, (L,) He, (L,) or it, namely the body, (K,) flowed with sweat. (L, K.) b7: نَجِدَ, aor. ـَ (TA,) inf. n. نَجَدٌ (K) He was, or became, stupid, dull, wanting in intelligence; not penetrating, sharp, vigorous, or effective, in the performing of affairs; soft, without strength, or sturdiness, and without endurance: and weary, or fatigued. (K, TA.) b8: نَجُدَ He became terrified, or frightened. (L.) A2: نَجَدَ, (aor.

نَجُدَ, L,) inf. n. نُجُودٌ, It (a thing, or an affair,) was, or became, apparent, manifest, plain, or evident. (L, K.) b2: نَجَدَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نُجُودٌ, It (a road) was, or became, apparent, manifest, conspicous, or plain. (L.) b3: أَعْطَاهُ الأَرْضَ بِمَا نَجَدَ مِنْهَا He gave him the land with what came forth from it. (L.) 2 نجّدهُ الدَّهْرُ, (inf. n. تَنْجِيدٌ, K,) Time, or habit, or fortune, tried, or proved, him, and taught him, (S, L,) and rendered him expert, or experienced, and well informed, (L,) or firm, or sound, in judgment: (K:) as also نجّذه, which is more approved. (L.) A2: نجّد, inf. n. تَنْجِيدٌ, He ran; syn. عَدَا. (K.) A3: نجّد, inf. n. تَنْجِيدٌ, He ornamented, or decorated, a house or tent (بيت) with the articles of furniture called نُجُود, pl. of نَجْدٌ: (S, * L, K: *) [and, accord. to present usage, he manufactured beds and the like, and pillows; and teased, separated, or loosened, cotton, for stuffing beds, &c., with the bow and mallet: see also نَجَّادٌ].3 ناجدهُ He went forth to him to fight, or combat. (A.) b2: ناجدت الإِبِلَ She (a camel) vied with the other camels in abundance of milk: she yielded abundance of milk when the other camels had little. (L, K. *) b3: See 4.4 انجد, (S, L, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِنْجَادٌ; (L;) and ↓ نَجَدَ, aor. ـُ (Msb;) and ↓ ناجد, inf. n. مُنَاجَدَةٌ; (S, L;) He aided, or assisted, another: (S, L, Msb, K;) he succoured him. (L.) b2: انجدهُ عَلَيْهِ He aided, or assisted, him against him. (L.) b3: انجد الدَّعْوَةَ (S, L, K) He answered, or complied with, the call, prayer, or invitation. (L, K.) And انجدهُ الدَّعْوَةَ He answered, or complied with, his call, prayer, or invitation. (M, L.) b4: انجد He was, or became, or drew, near to his family, or wife; expl. by قَرُبَ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ. (Lh, ISd, K.) A2: انجدت السَّمَآءُ The sky became clear. (K.) b2: انجد (L, K) and ↓ تنجّد (K) He, or it, (a person, or thing, L, both said of such a thing as a mountain, TA,) became high, or lofty. (L, K.) b3: غَارَ وَأَنْجَدَ (assumed tropical:) He became famous in the low countries and in the high. (A.) b4: انجد, (inf. n. إِنْجَادٌ, L,) He entered upon the country of Nejd: (S, L:) or he came to Nejd, or to high land or country: (L, K:) or he went thither: (L:) or he went forth to, or towards, it. (Lh, ISd, L, K.) b5: أَنْجَدَ مَنْ رَأَى حَضَنَا, a proverb, He enters Nejd who sees Hadan, which is the name of a mountain; i. e., in going up from El-Ghowr, or El-Ghór. (S, L.) 5 تنجّد: see 4. b2: He swore a big oath. (L.) 10 استنجدهُ He asked, or desired, of him aid, or assistance, (S, L, K, *) and succour. (L.) b2: استنجد He (a man) became strong after having been weak, (S, L, K,) or sick. (TA.) b3: استنجد عَلَيْهِ, (S, L,) and بِهِ, (L, TA,) He became emboldened against him, (S, L, K,) and clave to him, (L,) after having regarded him with awe, or fear. (S, L, K.) b4: استنجد He became courageous after having been cowardly. (A.) See also نَجُدَ.

نَجْدٌ High, or elevated, land or country: (S, L, Msb, K:) or hard, and rugged, and elevated, or high, table-land: only stony and rugged, or hard, elevated land, like a mountain, standing over against one and intercepting his view of what is behind it, but not very high, is thus called: (L:) pl. أَنْجُدٌ, (S, L, K,) a pl. of pauc., (TA,) and أَنْجَادٌ, (L, K,) [also a pl. of pauc.,] and نِجَادٌ and نُجُودٌ (S. L, K) and نُجُدٌ; (IAar, L, K;) and pl. of نُجُودٌ, أَنْجِدَةٌ; [another pl. of pauc.;] (S, K;) or this is a mistake, and it is pl. of نِجَادٌ, like as أَحْمِرَةٌ is pl. of حِمَارٌ; or it is a pl. deviating from common rule. (IB, L.) You say أُعْلُ هَاتِيكَ النِّجَادَ Ascend thou these high lands; and هَاذَاكَ النِّجَادَ this high land, making it singular. (L.) b2: نَجْدٌ, (S, L, K, &c.,) and نَجُدٌ, (K,) the latter of the dial. of Hudheyl, (Akh,) of the masc. gender, [The high land, or country;] a division of the country of the Arabs; opposed to الغَوْرُ, [or the low country,] i. e., Tihámeh; all the high land from Tihámeh to the land of El-'Irák; (S, L;) above it are Tihámeh and El-Yemen, and below it El-'Irák and Esh-Shám; (K;) it begins, towards El-Hijáz, at Dhát-'Irk, (Msb, K,) and ends at Sawád of El-'Irák, and hence it is said to form no part of El-Hijáz: (Msb:) or it comprises all that is beyond the moat, or fosse, which Kisrà made to the Sawád of El-'Irák until one inclines to the Harrah (الحَرَّة), when he is in El-Hijáz; (El-Báhilee, T, L, Msb;) and it extends to the east of El-Ghowr, or El-Ghór; which is all the tract of which the torrents flow westwards: Tihámeh extends from Dhát-'Irk to the distance of two days' journey beyond Mekkeh: the tract beyond this, westward, is Ghowr, or Ghór; and beyond this, southwards, is Es-Saráh, as far as the frontiers of El-Yemen: (El-Báhilee, L:) or, as the Arabs of the desert have been heard to say, the country which one enters when, journeying upwards, he leaves behind him 'Ijliz, which is above El-Karyateyn, and which he quits when he descends from the mountain-roads of Dhát-'Irk, where he enters Tihámeh, and when he meets with the stony tracts termed حِرَار in Nejd, where El-Hijáz commences: (As, L:) or the high country from Batn-er-Rummeh to the mountain-roads of Dhát-'Irk: (ISk, L:) or the country from El-'Odheyb to Dhát-'Irk, and to El-Yemámeh, and to El-Yemen, and to the two mountains of Teiyi, and from El-Mirbed to Wejreh: Dhât-'Irk is the beginning of Tihámeh, extending to the sea and Juddeh: El-Medeeneh is not of Tihámeh nor of Nejd, but of El-Hijáz, higher than El-Ghowr, or El-Ghór, and lower than Nejd. (IAar, L.) b3: نَجْدٌ An elevated road: (S:) or an elevated and conspicuous road. (L, K.) A road in a mountain. (L.) [Hence طَلَّاعُ الأَنْجُدِ, expl. below, and in art. طلع.] b4: هَدَيْنَاهُ النَّجْدَيْنِ [Kur, xc. 10] We have shown him the two ways; the way of good and that of evil: (Beyd, Jel, L:) or the two conspicuous ways: (L:) b5: or We have given him the two breasts; (Beyd, L;) for نَجْدٌ also signifies a woman's breast; (L, K;) the belly beneath it being like the [country called] غَوْر. (TA.) b6: أَمَا وَنَجْدَيْهَا مَا فَعَلْتَ ذٰلِكَ Now, by her two breasts, didst thou not that? A form of oath of the Arabs. (MF.) b7: نَجْدٌ and ↓ نَاجِدٌ A thing, or an affair, apparent, manifest, plain, or evident. (L.) b8: هُوَ طَلَّاعُ أَنْجُدٍ, and طلّاع أَنْجِدَةٍ, (S, L, K,) and طلّاع نِجَادٍ, (L, K,) and الأَنْجُدِ, (K, art. طلع,) and النِجَادِ, (L, K,) (tropical:) He is one who surmounts difficult affairs: (A:) or he is one who manages affairs thoroughly, (L, K,) and masters them: (L:) or he is a man expert in affairs, who surmounts and masters them by his knowledge and experience and excellent judgment: or, who aims at lofty things: (K, art. طلع:) or he is one who rises to eminences, or to lofty things or circumstances, or to the means of attaining such things: (S:) as also طَلَّاعُ الثَّنَايَا. (S, K, art. طلع.) See نَجِدٌ, and مُنَاجِدٌ.

A2: نَجْدٌ, sing. of نُجُودٌ (A 'Obeyd, S, L, K) and of نِجَادٌ, (L, K,) which signify The articles of household farniture and the like (متاع) with which a house or tent (بيت) is ornamented, or decorated; (A 'Obeyd, S, L;) the carpets and beds or other things that are spread, and the pillows, used for that purpose: (L, K:) the cloths or stuffs used for this purpose, with which the walls are hung, and which are spread; (L;) the curtains which are hung upon the walls: (A:) and أَنْجَادٌ, pl. of نَجْدٌ, household furniture, consisting of such things as are spread, and pillows, and curtains. (L.) A3: نَجْدٌ A skilful, or an expert, guide of the way. (L, K.) A4: نَجْدٌ, (K,) or ↓ نُجُدٌ, (L,) A place in which are no trees. (L, K.) A5: نَجْدٌ A kind of tree resembling the شُبْرُم (L, K) in its colour and manner of growth and its thorns. (L.) نَجَدٌ Sweat, (S, L, K,) by reason of work, or of sorrow, grief, or anxiety, &c. (L.) A2: النَّجَدَاتُ A certain sect of the Khárijees, (S, L,) of those called the Harooreeyeh; (L;) the companions, (S, K,) or followers, (L,) of Nejdeh Ibn-'Ámir (S, L, K) El-Harooree (L) El-Hanafee, (S, L, K,) of the Benoo-Haneefeh; (TA;) also called ↓ النَّجْدِيَّةُ. (TA.) نَجُدٌ: see نَجِذٌ.

نَجِدٌ and ↓ نَجُدٌ and ↓ نَجِيدٌ (S, M, L, K) and ↓ نَجْدٌ (M, L, K) A courageous man, (S, M, L, K,) sharp, or vigorous and effective, in those affairs which others lack power or ability to accomplish: (M, L, K:) or courageous and strong: (Msb:) or very valiant: or quick in assenting to that which he is called or invited to do, whether it be good or evil: (M, L:) pl. of نَجُدٌ, أَنْجَادٌ, like as أَيْقَاظٌ is pl. of يَقُظٌ; (S, L;) or this is pl. of نَجْدٌ and نَجِدٌ; (Sb, M, L;) and not of نَجِيدٌ: (M, L:) the pl. of this last is نُجُدٌ and نُجَدَآءُ. (S, L.) b2: ↓ النَّجِيدُ The lion: (K:) so called because of his courage. (TA.) b3: نَجِدٌ فِى الحَاجَةِ A man quick in accomplishing that which is wanted, or needed. (S, L.) b4: نَجِدٌ and ↓ مَنْجُودٌ (L) and ↓ نَجِيدٌ (TA) and ↓ نَاجِدٌ, in which last the ا is perhaps inserted by poetic licence, (L,) Sweating, by reason of work, or of sorrow, grief, or anxiety, &c. (L, TA.) See also مَنْجُودٌ.

نُجُدٌ: see نَجْدٌ.

نَجْدَةٌ, a simple subst. (M, L,) Courage, (S, M, L, Msb, K,) and sharpness, or vigour and effectiveness, in those affairs which others lack power or ability to accomplish: (M, L:) or courage with steadiness, and calmness in awaiting fearlessly death, victory, or martyrdom: (EshShiháb [El-Khafájee]:) or great valour: or quickness in assenting to that which one is called or invited to do, whether it be good or evil. (M, L.) b2: ذُو نَجْدَةٍ A man possessing valour. (S, L.) See مُنَاجِدٌ. b3: نَجْدَةٌ Fight; combat; battle. (L, K.) b4: Terror; fright. (L, K.) b5: Difficulty; distress; affliction; adversity: (Lh, S, * L, Msb, * K: *) pl. نَجَدَاتٌ (Msb.) Ex.

لَاقَى فُلَانٌ نَجْدَةً Such a one experienced difficulty, distress, trouble, or adversity. (Lh, S, L.) b6: See also a saying of Sakhr-el-Ghei, and a citation from a trad., voce رِسْلٌ. b7: نَجْدَةٌ Aid; assistance. (Msb.) b8: هُوَ ابْنُ نَجْدَتِهَا (tropical:) He is ignorant thereof: contr. of هو ابن بَجْدَتِهَا. By نجدة is meant an allusion to Nejdeh El-Harooree. (A.) See نَجَدٌ.

نِجْدَةٌ, with kesr, Trial, or affliction, (بَلَاءٌ) [experienced] in wars. (Esh-Shiháb [El-Khafájee] and TA.) النَّجْدِيَّةُ: see نَجَدٌ.

نِجَادٌ The suspensory cords or strings of a sword: (S, K:) or the part thereof that lies upon the shoulder. (L.) b2: طَوِيلُ النِّجَادِ [lit., Having long suspensory cords or strings to his sword,] means (tropical:) a man of tall stature: for when a man is tall his نجاد must be long. (L.) نَجُودٌ, applied to a she-ass, and to a she-camel, Long-necked: (L, K:) or, so applied, (K,) or specially to a she-ass, (L,) or to a wild she-ass, (S,) that does not become pregnant: (S, L, K:) but Sh says, that this meaning is disapproved; and that the correct meaning is tall, applied to a she-ass: (L:) or tall; overpeering: (S, L:) or high and great: from نَجْدٌ [signifying “ high or elevated land ”]: (As, L:) pl. نُجُدٌ. (S, L, K.) b2: Also, applied to a she-camel, Sharp; spirited; vigorous: (L, K:) a correct meaning thus applied: (Sh:) or strong: (R:) one that precedes, or outgoes, others: (L, K:) or strong in spirit: (L:) pl. as above. (K.) b3: Also, so applied, Abounding with milk: (L, K:) and, that vies with the other camels in abundance of milk, (L, K,) and surpasses them therein, (L,) or yields abundance when they have little: (K:) [but for إِذَا غَزُرْنَ, in the copies of the K in my hands, meaning “ when they yield abundance of milk,”

I read اذا غَرَزْنَ:] pl. as above. (K.) b4: Also, so applied, That lies down upon a high, or elevated, place: (K:) or that will not lie down save upon high ground: (L:) pl. as above. (K.) b5: Also, An intelligent woman; sharp, or quick, in intellect: (K:) possessing judgment; as though she exerted her judgment in affairs: a strange meaning in which the word is used in a trad.: (Sh, L:) pl. as above. (K.) b6: See مَنْجُودٌ, and مُنَاجِدٌ.

A2: نَجُودٌ One who works in shaking and spreading and stuffing and arranging [those articles of household furniture which are called] نُجُود [pl. of نَجْدٌ]. (M, L.) See also نَجَّادٌ.

نَجِيدٌ: see نَجِدٌ, and مُنْجُودٌ.

نَجَّادٌ One who manufactures (يُعَالِج) beds and the like, and pillows; and sews them: (S, L, K:) [and, accord. to present usage, who teases, separates, or loosens, cotton, for stuffing beds &c., with the bow and mallet: as also ↓ مُنَجِّدٌ:] one who ornaments, or decorates, houses, and beds and the like, and carpets. (AHeyth, L.) See also نَجُودٌ.

نَاجِدٌ and ↓ مَنْجُودٌ Stupid, dull, wanting in intelligence; not penetrating, sharp, vigorous, or effective, in the performing of affairs; soft, without strength, or sturdiness, and without endurance: and weary, or fatigued. (TA.) b2: See نَجِدٌ.

نَاجِدَةٌ, sing. of نَوَاجِدُ (L,) which signifies Streaks of fat (L, K) upon the shoulders of a camel: occurring in a trad.: so called because of their elevation. (L.) نَاجُودٌ Wine: (As, L, K:) or excellent wine: or the first wine that comes forth when the clay is removed from the mouth of the jar: (As, L:) of the masc. gender. (L.) b2: A wine-vessel: (K:) any vessel into which wine is put, (A 'Obeyd, S, K, *) such as a بَاطِيَة, (L,) or a جَفْنَة &c.: (A 'Obeyd, S, L:) or a wine-cup, or a cup of wine; syn. كَأْسٌ: (L:) or a vessel in which wine is cleared; (A;) a clarifier, or strainer for wine; syn. رَاوُوقٌ; (Lth, L;) which last is the meaning that most assign to the word. (TA.) b3: Saffron. (As, L, K.) b4: Blood. (As, L, K.) مِنْجَدٌ A small mountain (K, [in the CK, for جُبَيْل is put حُبَيْل,]) overlooking a valley. (TA.) b2: مِنْجَدٌ A kind of ornament, (L, K,) worn by women, (L,) adorned with gems, or jewels, (L, K,) one over another: (L:) a necklace of pearls and gold, or of cloves, a span in breadth, extending from the neck to the part beneath the breasts, and lying upon the place of the نِجَاد; (L, K;) i. e. of the نجاد of a man's sword: from نَجَّدَ البَيْتَ: (L:) pl. مَنَاجِدُ. (L, K.) مِنْجَدَةٌ A light staff or stick with which a beast of carriage is urged on. (K.) b2: A stick, or wooden instrument, with which wool is teased, or separated, i. q. مِنْدَفٌ (?) (TA,) and with which the حَقِيبَة of a camel's saddle is stuffed. (K, TA.) مِنْجَادٌ A man who aids, or assists, much or well. (Lh, L.) مَنْجُودٌ Overcome; conquered; subdued; overpowered: and fatigued. (L.) b2: مَنْجُودٌ and ↓ نَجِيدٌ (and ↓ نَجُودٌ applied to a female, R,) Afflicted, distressed, or oppressed, by sorrow, grief or anxiety. (S, L, K.) See also نَجِدٌ. b3: مُنْجُودٌ In a state of perishing or destruction. (L, K.) b4: See نَاجِدٌ.

مُنَجَّدٌ, as also مُنَجَّذٌ, (S, L,) which latter is the more approved, (L,) A man tried and strengthened by experience; expert, or experienced; (S, L, K;) who has had experience in affairs, and has estimated and understood them, and become well informed. (L.) مُنَجِّدٌ: see نَجَّادٌ.

مُنَاجِدٌ A fighter; a combatant. (S, L, K.) b2: An aider; an assistant; (K;) [and so, app., ↓ نَجْدٌ and ↓ نَجْدَةٌ and ↓ نَجُودٌ, mentioned in the A].

قصد

1 قَصَدَهُ, and قَصَدَلَهُ, and إلَيْهِ, (S, M, A, L, Msb, K,) and نَحْوَهُ, (A in art. سمت, &c.,) aor. ـِ (M, Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. قَصْدٌ, (S, M, Msb, K, &c.,) from which the pl. قُصُودٌ is formed by some of the professors of practical law; [and مَقْصَدٌ, q. v., is also an inf. n.;] (Msb;) He tended, repaired, or betook himself, or went, to, or towards, him, or it; (originally and properly, either in a direct course, in which sense it is in some places specially used, or indirectly; IJ, M, L;) he directed himself, or his course or aim, to, or towards, him, or it; he made for, or towards, him, or it; he made him, or it, his object; he aimed at him, or it: he sought, endeavoured after, pursued, or endeavoured to reach or attain, or obtain, him, or it: he desired it, or wished for it: he intended it; purposed it; or meant it: syn. تَوَجَّهَ وَنَهَدَ وَنَهَضَ نَحْوَهُ, (IJ, M, L,) and نَحَاهُ, (S, L,) and أَتَاهُ, (S, A, L,) and طَلَبَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ, (Msb,) and أَمَّهُ, and اِعْتَمَدَهُ, (M, L, K,) and اِعْتَزَمَهُ. (IJ, M, L.) b2: قَصَدْتُ قَصْدَهُ: see قَصْدَهُ, below. b3: قَصَدْتُهُ بِكَذَا and قَصَدْتُهُ لَهُ بِهِ [I brought to him such a thing: lit. I directed, or betook, myself to him with such a thing: see an ex. in the first para. of art. بى] (Ham. p. 41.) إِلَيْكَ قَصْدِى, and ↓ مَقْصَدِى, (the latter with fet-h to the ص, Msb), To thee is my tending, or repairing, &c. (A.) b4: قَصَدَ فِى الأَمْرِ, [aor. ـِ (A, Msb,) inf. n. قَصْدٌ; (S. M, L, Msb, K) and فِيهِ ↓ اقتصد; (M, L, K;) (tropical:) He pursued a right, or direct, course in the affair: (L:) or he followed the middle and most just way in the affair; and did not exceed the due bounds therein: (Msb:) or he acted in a moderate manner, in a manner between that of prodigality and that of parsimoniousness, in the affair: (S, L:) or he acted in a manner the contrary of that of extravagance in the affair: (M, L, K:) or he kept within the due bounds in the affair, and was content with a middle course: (A:) and in like manner, فى النَّفَقَةِ in expense: (L:) and فِى مَعِيشَتِهِ with respect to his means of subsistence. (A, L.) See also 8. b5: قَصَدَ فِى مَشْيِهِ He (a man) walked at an equable, or a moderate, pace; syn. مَشَى مُسْتُوِيًا. (L.) وَاقْصِدْ فِى مَشْيِكَ [in the Kur xxxi. 18,] (S) meansAnd go thou at a moderate pace in thy walking; neither slowly nor quickly. (Beyd, Jel.) b6: اِقْصِدْ بِذَرْعِكَ Deal thou gently with thyself; moderate thyself; restrain thyself; i. q. اِرْبَعْ عَلَى

نَفْسِكَ. (S.) b7: القَصْدَ القَصْدَ تَبْلُغُوا Keep ye to the middle way: keep ye to the middle way in affairs; in sayings and actions: so shall ye attain [to that which ye should desire]: القصد being in the accus. case as a corroborative inf. n.; and it is repeated also for the sake of corroboration. (L, from a trad.) b8: قَصَدَ, aor. ـِ (L,) inf. n. قَصْدٌ, (M, L, K,) (tropical:) It (a road, or way,) was direct, or right; had a direct, or right, tendency. (M, L, K.) عَلَى اللّٰهِ قَصْدُ السَّبِيلِ [Kur xvi. 9,] Upon God it rests to show the direct, or right way, (M, Beyd, L,) [or the right direction of the way] which leads to the truth, (Beyd,) and to invite to it by evident proofs: (M, L:) or upon God it rests to make the way direct, or right, in mercy and favour: or upon God depends one's directing his course to the [right] way. (Beyd.) b9: قَصَدَ, aor. ـِ (S, L,) inf. n. قَصْدٌ, (S, L, K,) (tropical:) He acted with justice, or equity. (S, L, K.) Abu-l-Lahhám Eth-Thaalebee says, عَلَى الحَكَمِ المَأْتِىِّ يَوْمًا إِذَا قَضَى

قَضِيَّتَهُ أَن لَّا يَجُورَ وَيَقْصِدُ (S, L) meaning, It is encumbent on the judge who is come to, any day, when he decides his case, that he do not deviate from what is right, but (بَلْ) act with justice, or equity. (IB, L.) Akh says, He means وَيَنْبَغِى أَنْ يَقْصِدَ; but as he makes an ellipsis, and puts يقصد in the place, syntactically, of ينبغى, he makes it marfooa, because it has the place of that which is [virtually] marfooa: and Fr says, he makes it marfooa because of the disagreement; for as its meaning disagrees with that of the preceding verb, it is made to disagree therefore in desinential syntax. (S, L.) A2: قَصَدَ, (S, L,) aor. ـِ (L,) inf. n. قَصْدٌ, (S, L, K,) [and قَصِدَ, see 7] He broke a stick: (S, L:) he broke in any way or manner: or he broke in halves: as also ↓ قصّد, inf. n. تَقْصِيدٌ: (L, K:) [or the latter signifies he broke many things; or broke in many pieces: see 7.]

A3: قُصِدَ لَهُ He was given a little. (S, O, K, art. قصد.) A4: قَصُدَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. قَصَادَةٌ, He (a camel, TA) became fat. (K.) A5: See also 4.2 قَصَّدَ see 1 last sentence but one.

A2: And see 4.4 أَقْصَدَنِى إِلَيْهِ الأَمُرْ The affair caused me to tend, repair, betake myself, or direct my course, to, or towards, him, or it; to aim at him, or it; to seek, endeavour after, pursue, or endeavour to reach, attain, or obtain, him, or it; to desire it, or wish for it; to intend it, or purpose it. (M, L.) b2: (tropical:) It (an arrow) hit its object, and killed on the spot. (S, K.) b3: He pierced a man with a spear, (K,) or shot him with an arrow, (TA,) and did not miss him: (K:) he struck, or shot, a thing so that it died on the spot: (As:) he killed on the spot: (Lth:) it (a serpent) killed a person (Lth, S) on the spot: (Lth:) or bit him so as to kill him. (K, * TA.) أَقْصَدَتْهُ المَنِيَّةُ Destiny killed him on the spot. (A.) A2: اقصد, (inf. n. إِقْصَادٌ, TA,) He composed [odes, or] poems of the kind termed قَصِيد; a verb similar to أَرْمَلَ and أَهْزَجَ and أَرْجَزَ: (Ibn-Buzurj, L:) also, (L, TA,) or ↓ اقتصد, inf. n. إِقْتِصَادٌ, accord. to the K, but the former is the correct form, (TA,) [or the latter is probably correct, as being similar to إِرْتَجَزَ, as well as the former, of which the act. part. n. occurs in a verse,] and ↓ قَصَدَ, inf. n. قَصْدٌ; (K;) or ↓ قَصَّدَ; (as in the M and L;) he continued uninterruptedly, (L, K,) and prolonged, (L,) the composition of [odes, or] poems of the kind termed قَصَائِد. (L, K.) See مُقْصدٌ.5 تقصّد He (a dog &c.) died. (S.) b2: and see 7, in three places.7 انقصد and ↓ تقصّد; (L, K;) and ↓ قَصِدَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. قَصَدٌ; but this form of the verb is seldom used; (L;) It broke, or became broken, in any way or manner: or it broke, or became broken, in halves: (L, K:) [but they are differently used: you say,] انقصد الرُّمْحُ [the spear broke: or] (S, L) the spear broke in halves: (L:) and الرِّمَاحُ ↓ تقصّدتِ the spears broke in many pieces. (S, A, L.) A2: انقصد and ↓ تقصّد It (marrow) became detached, or came forth, from its place. (TA.) 8 اقتصد: see 1. b2: He aimed at that which was right and just. (A, art. صيد. See 1 in that art.) A2: And see 4.

قَصْدٌ, [inf. n. of 1, q. v. b2: Used as a subst., The tending, self-direction, aim, or course of a person b3: Hence, An object of aim, of endeavour or pursuit, of desire or wish, or of intention or purpose; one's intention, intent, or meaning; as also ↓ مَقْصُودٌ. See مَقْصِدٌ] b4: A thing that is right, of what is said and of what is done; syn. سَدَادٌ and صَوَابٌ. (S, voce تَسْدِيدٌ, &c.) هُوَ عَاَى قَصْدٍ, He is following a right way, or course. (Msb.) See also قَاصِدٌ. b5: Conforming, or conformable, to the just mean. (M in art. ام.) See also مُقَصَّدٌ.

A2: A little that is given. (S, O, K, art. قصد.) A3: See also قَصِيدٌ.

قَصْدَهُ In the direction of, or towards, him, or it. Ex. قَصَدْتُ قَصْدَهُ I tended, repaired, betook myself, or directed my course, towards him, or it: (S, Msb:) [like صَمَدْتُ صَمْدَهُ, and حَرَدْتُ حَرْدَهُ, and شَدَا شَدْوَهُ, &c.:] also signifying, [I purposed his purpose, or] I pursued his (another's) way, or course, doing [and thinking] as he did. (L, in art. وكد.) أَخَذَ قَصْدَ الوَادِى, and ↓ قَصِيدَهُ, [He went towards the valley]. (A.) b2: هُوَ قَصْدَكَ, and قَصْدُكَ, He is before thee, before thy face. It is more commonly used as a subst. (M, L.) رُمْحٌ قَصِدٌ, and ↓ قَصِيدٌ, (M, L, K,) and ↓ أَقْصَادٌ, (S, L,) which is one of the words [used as a sing. epithet] having a pl. form, (Akh, S,) A spear broken: (M, L:) [or, broken in halves:] or broken in many pieces. (K.) قِصْدَةٌ A fragment; a piece of a thing that is broken: (S, K:) and any piece [of a thing]: (TA:) pl. قِصَدٌ. (S, K.) Ex. القَنَا قِصَدٌ [The spears are broken into fragments]. (S.) b2: قِصْدَةٌ مِنْ عَظْمٍ A piece of a bone; meaning, a third, or a quarter, of the thigh, or arm, or skin, or shoulder; (M, L;) less than the half; as much as the third, or quarter. (IKtt.) قَصُودٌ A camel having compact marrow. (ISh, L.) See also قَصِيدٌ.

قَصِيدٌ and ↓ مَقْصُودٌ Aimed at, sought, desired, intended, or purposed. (L.) A2: Fat marrow: (K:) or thick and fat marrow, that breaks in pieces (يَتَقَصَّدُ) by reason of its fatness: a piece thereof is termed قَصِيدَةٌ: (L:) or the former word and ↓ قَصُودٌ signify marrow inferior to that which is fat (A, O, K) but superior to that which is lean: (A, O:) and قَصِيدَةٌ, a piece of marrow that has come forth from the bone. (L.) b2: and (L, K), or ذُو قَصِيدٍ, (L,) A bone containing marrow. (L, K.) b3: Dry, or tough, (يَاسِس,) fleshmeat; (Lth, S, L, K;) as also ↓ قَصْدٌ; and, as some say, fat fleshmeat. (L.) b4: A fat she-camel, (L, K,) plump and corpulent, (L,) and having marrow in her bones; as also قَصِيدَةٌ. (L, K.) b5: A fat camel's hump. (K.) A3: A staff; (L, K;) as also قَصِيدَة; (K;) or the latter has not been heard: (TA:) pl. قَصَائِدُ. (L.) A4: Poetry, or a poem, trimmed, pruned, or free from faults, well executed, (K,) and composed with premeditation; (TA;) as also قَصِيدَةٌ: (TA:) [but the latter is used as a subst.] b2: قَصِيدٌ, a gen. n., applied properly to poetry, and, by extension of the signification, to a single poem, for قَصِيدَةٌ; (IJ, L;). or it is pl. of قَصِيدَةٌ, like as سَفِينٌ is of سَفِينَةٌ; (S, L;) and so is قَصَائِدُ; (L;) [but properly, قَصِيدٌ is a coll. gen. n., and قَصِيدَةٌ is its n. un., and قَصَائِدُ is pl. of the latter;] Poetry, or a poem, [or an ode, (for it was always designed to be chanted or sung,)] of which the bipartition (شَطْر) of the verses is complete; (M, L, K;) [i. e., of which the hemistichs are complete, not curtailed; (see الرَّمَلُ;)] consisting of three verses or more; (Akh, M, L, K;) or of sixteen or more; (M, L, K;) for it is usual to call that which consists of three verses, or ten, or fifteen, قِطْعَةٌ, and what consists of more than fifteen the Arabs call قصيدة: (IJ, M, L:) or, as Akh has once said, what is of the metre called الطَّوِيل, and البَسِيط that is complete, and الكَامِل that is complete, and المَدِيد that is complete, by which he means the first species thereof, which is the most complete that is in use, and الوَافِر that is complete, by which, in like manner, he means the first species thereof, and الرَّجَز that is complete, and الخَفِيف that is complete, and [any ode, or] any poem that is sung by persons riding; but, he adds, we have not heard them sing what is of the metre called الخفيف: (M, L:) such poetry is thus termed because composed with purpose and consideration, and earnest endeavour to make it excellent; from قَصْدٌ as syn. with أَمٌّ: or because composed with care, and trimmed with excellent expressions and choice meanings, from قَصِيدٌ signifying “ thick and fat marrow; ” for the Arabs tropically apply to chaste, or eloquent, or excellent, language the epithet سَمِين, or “ fat: ” (L:) or because of its completeness, and the soundness of its measure. (M, L.) For the meanings of بَيْتُ القَصِيدَةِ, see بَيْتٌ; last sentence.

A5: See also قَصِدٌ.

قَصِيدَةٌ: see قَصِيدٌ throughout.

طريق قَاصِدٌ, (M, L,) and قَاصِدَةٌ, (A,) and ↓ قَصْدٌ, (A, Msb,) (tropical:) A direct, or right road, or way; a road, or way, having a direct, or right, tendency: (A, L:) an even, and a direct, or right, road, or way: (M, L:) an even road, or way. (Msb.) b2: سَهْمٌ قَاصِدٌ (tropical:) An arrow rightly directed towards the animal at which it is shot: pl. سِهَامٌ قَوَاصِدُ. (A.) b3: قَاصِدٌ Near. (S, K.) b4: سَفَرٌ قَاصِدٌ An easy, short journey: (TA:) [a moderately easy and short journey:] a journey not difficult, nor extremely far. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) b5: بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ المَآءِ لَيْلَةٌ قَاصِدَةٌ (tropical:) Between us and the water is an easy night's journey (S, K) without fatigue or tardiness: (S:) pl. لَيَالٍ قَوَاصِدُ. (TA.) b6: مَآءٌ قَاصِدٌ Water of which the herbage, or pasture, is near. (IAar, TA, voce مُطْلِبٌ.) أَقصَدُ [A more, or most, direct road]. (S, voce أَرْشَدُ.) b2: عَلَيْكَ بِمَا هُوَ أَقْصَدُ وَأَقْسَطُ (tropical:) Keep thou to that which is most right and most just. (A.) أَقْصَادٌ: see قَصِدٌ.

مَقْصَدُ الكَلَامِ means the intended sense of the saying; the meaning thereof: (see مَعْنًى in art. عنى:) مَقْصَدٌ being an inf. n. used as in the sense of the pass. part. n. of its verb, i. e. in the sense of ↓ مَقْصُودٌ; like as is generally said of its syn. مَعْنًى, of which مَقْصُودٌ is one of the explanations: hence it has a pl. مَقَاصِدُ: in the CK in art. غزو it is erroneously written مَقْصِد, which is the n. of place and of time from قَصَدَ. b2: And in like manner مَقْصَدٌ signifies also A thing aimed at, intended, or purposed; an object of aim or pursuit: see 1: and ↓ مَقْصِدٌ, tropically used, has the same meaning.]

مَقْصِدٌ, with kesr to the ص, A place to, or towards, which one tends, repairs, or betakes himself; to which one directs his course; at which one aims; which one seeks, pursues, endeavours to reach, desires, or wishes for; [pl. مَقَاصِدُ.] Ex.

لَهُ مَقْصِدٌ مَعَيَّنٌ He has a specified place to which, or towards which, he tends, or repairs, &c. (Msb.) بَابُكَ مَقْصِدِى Thy door, or gate, is the place to which, or towards which, I tend, or repair, &c. (A.) b2: مَقَاصِدُ الطَّرُقِ [The right places to which roads tend]; i. q. مَرَاشِدُهَا. (S, L, K, art. رشد.) See also مَقْصَدٌ.

مُقْصَدٌ One who falls sick and quickly dies. (K.) مُقْصِدٌ [One who composes poems of the kind termed قَصَائِد: see 4: also,] and ↓ مُقَصِّدٌ, one who continues uninterruptedly, and prolongs, the composition of poems of the kind termed قصائد. (M, L.) مَقْصَدَةٌ [lit., A thing that causes people to repair to, or seek, or endeavour after, or desire, it]. b2: A woman great, and perfect, or complete, who pleases every one (K) that beholds her. (TA.) b3: Also, (or, as some write it, ↓ مُقَصَّدَةٌ, TA,) A woman inclining to shortness. (K.) مَقْصُودٌ: see قَصْدٌ, قَصِيدٌ, and مَقْصَدٌ.

مُقَصَّدٌ (tropical:) A man neither corpulent nor thin; as also ↓ مُقْتَصِدٌ and ↓ قَصْدٌ: (L, K:) or a man of moderate, or middle, stature; (ISh, L;) neither tall nor short, nor corpulent; (IAth, L;) as also قَصْدٌ: (ISh:) or a man &c. neither corpulent nor short. (Lth, L.) See مَقْصَدَةٌ.

مُقَصِّدٌ: see مُقْصِدٌ.

فُلَانٌ مُقْتَصِدٌ فِى النَّفَقَةِ (tropical:) Such a one acts in a moderate manner, in a manner between that of prodigality and that of parsimoniousness, in expense. (S, L.) See 1. And see مُقَصَّدٌ.