ضبح

1 ضَبَحَتِ الخَيْلُ, (AO, S, O, K, * [in the K ضَبَحَ,]) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. ضَبْحٌ (AO, S, K) and ضُبَاحٌ, (K,) i. q. نَحَمَت, i. e. [The horses breathed pantingly, or hard, with a sound from the chest; or] made the breathing to be heard when running: (S, O:) [or breathed laboriously, when fatigued; and in like manner one says of camels; for] ضَبْحٌ signifies the breathing of horses and of camels when fatigued: (Suh, TA:) or caused a sound to be heard from their mouths, different from neighing, and from the sound termed حَمْحَمَةٌ, (K, TA,) in their running: (TA:) [or it signifies also the horses neighed; for it is said that] الضُّبَاحُ is also syn. with الصَّهِيلُ: (TA:) or, [but probably only with the former of the two inf. ns. mentioned above,] ran a pace less quick than that which is termed تَقْرِيب: (K, TA:) or i. q. ضَبَعَت, (AO, S, O, TA,) which means they stretched forth their arms, (AO, TA,) going along, (AO, S, * O, TA,) or running: (AO, TA:) accord. to I'Ab, one does not say ضَبَحَتْ دَابَّةٌ except in speaking of a dog or a horse: [he app. means that this verb is used thus only as denoting the uttering of a sound, or a manner of breathing:] some of the lexicologists say that those who use it in relation to a camel make ضَبْحٌ to have the meaning of ضَبْعٌ. (TA.) b2: ضَبَحَ, (L, TA,) inf. n. ضُبَاحٌ, (S, A, O, L, K, TA,) as meaning He, or it, uttered a cry, or sound, is also said of the fox, (S, * A, * O, * L, K, * TA,) and of the hare, and of the serpent called أَسْوَد, and of the owl, and of what is termed الصَّدَا [which see, for it is variously explained]: (L, TA:) and is also expl. as meaning نَبَحَ [he barked, &c.]. (TA.) b3: And ضَبَحَتِ القَوْسُ, aor. as above, inf. n. ضَبْحٌ, (assumed tropical:) The bow [twanged, or] made a sound. (TA.) b4: And ضَبَحَ is also used as meaning (tropical:) He cried out, and entered into an altercation for a person who had given him money. (IKt, O, * TA, from a trad.) A2: ضَبَحَتْهُ النَّارُ, (S, O, K, TA,) and الشَّمْسُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. ضَبْحٌ, (TA,) The fire, and the sun, altered it: (TA:) or altered its colour: (T, TA:) or altered it, but not in a great degree; (S, O, K, TA;) namely, a thing, (K, TA,) such as a stick, and an arrow, and flesh-meat, &c. (TA.) And ضَبَحَهُ بِالنَّارِ, aor. ـَ inf. n. ضَبْحٌ, He altered it in colour by fire; namely, an arrow: and he burned it in a portion of its upper parts; namely, a stick, and flesh-meat, &c. (L, TA.) And ضَبْحٌ is expl. by AHn as meaning The act of roasting, broiling, or frying. (TA.) 3 مُضَابَحَةٌ The act of mutual reviling, or vilifying, and encountering, (K, TA,) and contending, or striving, to repel. (TA.) 6 تضابح [It sent forth a sound]. (Ham p.615 [q. v.: it is there said to be from الضَّبْحُ meaning الصَّوْتُ].) 7 انضبح It became altered, (K, TA,) or altered in colour, (TA,) but not in a great degree, by fire, (K, TA,) and by the sun. (TA.) And انضبح لَوْنُهُ His, or its, colour became altered a little towards blackness. (S, TA.) ضَبْحٌ, (so in three copies of the S, and in the O,) or ↓ ضِبْحٌ, with kesr, (so accord. to the K,) Ashes: (S, O, K:) so called because of the alteration of their colour. (TA.) ضِبْحٌ: see what next precedes.

ضَبْحَةٌ A cry of a fox [&c.: an inf. n. un.]. (TA.) قَوْسٌ ضَبْحَآءُ A bow upon which fire has taken effect (K, TA) so as to alter its colour: (TA:) like ضَهْبَآءُ. (TA in art. ضهب. [See also what next follows.]) ضَبِيحٌ An arrow altered in colour [by fire]; as also ↓ مَضْبُوحٌ. (TA. [See an ex. of the latter in a verse of Tarafeh cited voce مُجْمِدٌ: and see also what here next precedes.]) It is also applied, (S, O,) in the same sense, (O,) to roasted flesh-meat. (S, O.) [And Freytag explains it as meaning, in the Deewan of Jereer, “Cutis nigra, usta vulneribus. ”]

ضَابِحٌ A man raising his voice in reading or reciting: pl. ضَوَابِحُ, which is anomalous, like فَوَارِسُ [pl. of فَارِسٌ]. (TA.) b2: And خَيْلٌ ضَوَابِحُ Horses stretching forth their arms in their going along: (A:) or running vehemently; like ضَوَابِعُ. (TA in art. ضبع.) مَضْبُوحٌ: see ضَبِيحٌ. b2: Also The stone that is in the [kind of ground called] حَرَّة [q. v.]: because of its blackness. (TA.) And مَضْبُوحَةٌ Stones from which one strikes fire, (S, O, K,) appearing as though burnt. (S, O.) مَضَابِحُ [a pl. of which the sing. is most probably مِضْبَحٌ] Frying-pans. (AHn, TA.)

ضمر

1 ضَمَرَ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K;) and ضَمُرَ; (S, Msb, K;) inf. n. ضُمُورٌ, of the former, and ضُمْرٌ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) of the former also, (A, Mgh,) or of the latter, (Msb,) [also written ضُمُرٌ, (see an ex., voce نَهَارٌ,)] He (a horse, [&c.,] S, A, &c.) was, or became, lean, or light of flesh: (S:) or slender, and lean: (Msb:) or lean, and lank in the belly: (A, K:) or lank in the belly by reason of leanness: (Mgh:) and ↓ اضطمر signifies the same. (S, K.) [See also 5 and 8.] b2: Also, inf. n. ضُمُورٌ, He became lean and weak. (TA.) b3: ضَمُرَ العِنَبُ (assumed tropical:) The grapes became withered, so as to be neither fresh grapes nor raisins. (Sgh.) b4: ضَمَرَتِ الحِنْطَةُ (assumed tropical:) The wheat, being parched over the fire, became contracted and small. (Mgh.) 2 ضمّرهُ, inf. n. تَضْمِيرٌ, He made him (a horse) lean, or light of flesh; [&c.;] as also ↓ اضمرهُ. (S.) b2: He prepared him (i. e. a horse) for racing, [or for a military expedition, (see مُضَمِّرٌ,)] by feeding him with food barely sufficient to sustain him, after he had become fat; as also ↓ اضمرهُ. (Msb:) he fed him with food barely sufficient to sustain him, after he had become fat; as also ↓ اضمرهُ: (K:) or he fed him with fodder so that he became fat, and then reduced him to food barely sufficient to sustain him; which is done during forty days: (S:) or he saddled him, and put on him a housing, in order that he might sweat under it, and so lose his flabbiness, and become firm in flesh; and then mounted upon him a light boy or young man, to make him run, but not to make him go so quick a pace as that which is termed عَنَق; by the doing of which, one becomes in no fear of his losing his breath in running, and a quick run does not cut him short: this (says AM) is what I have seen the Arabs practise; and they term it تَضْمِيرٌ, and also ↓ مِضْمَارٌ. (T, L.) b3: Also He, or it, weakened, and subdued, and diminished, him: and the same signification is assigned to it [tropically] when the objective complement is a word denoting a sensation or passion. (TA.) b4: التَّضْمِيرُ also signifies The plaiting well, and the anointing well, the lock of hair termed ضَمِيرَة. (TA.) 4 أَضْمَرَ see 2, in three places.

A2: اضمرهُ signifies also He determined, or resolved, upon it, فِى ضَمِيرِهِ in his heart, or mind. (Msb.) b2: He conceived it in his heart, or mind. (MA, KL.) b3: He concealed it, syn. أَسَرَّهُ, (A,) or أَخْفَاهُ, (K,) فِى قَلْبِهِ in his heart, (A,) or فى نَفْسِهِ in his mind. (S.) b4: [And hence, He suppressed it, (namely a word or the like,) meaning it to be understood. b5: And hence also اضمر meaning He made use of a pronoun.] b6: And اضمر صَرْفَ الحَرْفِ [He suppressed the vowel of the final letter;] he made the movent [final] letter quiescent. (TA.) b7: and أَضْمَرَتُهُ البِلَادُ (tropical:) The lands, or countries, hid him, by his having travelled far: (A:) and اضمرته الأَرْضُ (assumed tropical:) the earth hid him, either by reason of travel, or by death. (K, TA.) A3: اضمر is also syn. with اِسْتَقْصَى [q. v.]. (O, K.) [Accord. to the TK, one says اضمر الشَّىْءَ meaning استقصاهُ.]5 تضمّر وَجْهُهُ His face became shrivelled, or contracted, by emaciation. (Sgh, L, K.) 7 انضمر It (a branch, or twig,) became dried up. (TA.) 8 اضطمر: see 1. b2: Also He, (a horse,) after having been fed until he had become fat, was reduced to food barely sufficient to sustain him. (TA.) [See 2.]

ضَمْرٌ: see ضَامِرٌ, in two places. b2: Hence, in the opinion of ISd, as he says in the M, it is also applied to a horse as meaning دَقِيقُ الحَجَاجَيْنِ [i. e. Thin in the bones surrounding, or projecting over, the cavities of the eyes: in the TA, الهجاجين, an obvious mistranscription; and in the TK, الحجاجتين, which is also wrong]: on the authority of Kr: in the copies of the K, الحَاجِبَيْنِ. (TA.) b3: And Narrow; (O, K;) applied to a place. (O.) b4: And i. q. ↓ ضَمِيرٌ [app. in the first of the senses assigned to the latter below]. (O, K: in the CK ضِمِّير.) See also. مُضْمَرٌ.

ضَمْرَانٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ ضُمْرَانٌ (TA) A certain plant, (S, O, K,) of the shrub-kind (مِنْ دِقِّ الشَّجَرِ): (K:) or of the kind called حَمْض: AM says, it is not of the shrub-kind, and has [what are termed] هَدَب [q. v.] like the هَدَب of the أَرْطَى: (TA:) AHn says, it resembles the رِمْث, except that it is yellow (أَصْفَرُ [app. a mistranscription for أَصْغَرُ i. e. smaller]), and it has little wood, [and] the small and dry parts of its branches are fed upon [by the camels] (يُحْتَطَبُ): he adds, on the authority of the ancient Arabs of the desert, that it is [of the kind called] حَمْض, green, lank, pleasing to the camels: and Aboo-Nasr says that it is of the kind called حَمْض. (O.) A2: See also what next follows.

ضُمْرَانُ (A 'Obeyd, S, O, K, TA) and ↓ ضَمْرَان, thus, with fet-h, as said by As on the authority of ISk; each of the names of dogs; (TA;) a name of a male dog; (O, K;) not of a bitch, as J asserts it to be. (K.) A2: See also the next preceding paragraph.

ضِمَارٌ A place, or a valley, that is depressed, concealing him who is journeying in it. (O.) [Accord. to the K, الضِّمَارُ is “ A place; ” i. e. the name of a certain place.] b2: مَالٌ ضِمَارٌ Property of which one hopes not for the return: (K:) or absent property of which one hopes not for the return: (A 'Obeyd, Msb, TA:) if not absent, it is not thus called. (A 'Obeyd, TA.) b3: دَيْنٌ ضِمَارٌ A debt of which the payment is not hoped for: (S:) or for the payment of which no period is fixed. (K, * TA.) b4: عَطَآءٌ ضِمَارٌ A gift that is not hoped for. (A.) b5: وَعْدٌ ضِمَارٌ, (S,) and عِدَةٌ ضِمَارٌ, (A, K, [من العَذابِ in the CK being a mistranscription for مِنَ العِدَاتِ, as in other copies of the K and in the TA, in which latter is added that عِدَات is pl. of عِدَةٌ, which is syn. with وَعْدٌ,]) A promise of which the fulfilment is not hoped for: (S, A:) or of which the fulfilment is delayed. (K.) b6: ضِمَارٌ also signifies Anything of which one is not confident, or sure. (S.) b7: And A debt of which the payment is deferred by the creditor to a future period; or a sale upon credit, in which the payment is deferred to a definite period; or a postponement, or delay, as to the time of the payment of a debt or of the prince of a thing sold &c.; syn. نَسِيْئَةٌ. (Fr, TA.) b8: Also Unseen; not apparent; contr. of عِيَانٌ. (K.) A poet says, censuring a certain man, وَعَيْنُهُ كَالكَالِئِ الضِّمَارِ [And his present gift is a thing not hoped for, like the unseen debt of which the payment is deferred by the creditor:] meaning, his present gift is like the absent that is not hoped for. (TA.) b9: ذَهَبُوا بِمَالِى ضِمَارًا means They took away my property by gaming. (Fr, TA.) A2: Also A certain idol, which was worshipped by El-Abbás Ibn-Mirdás. (O, K, TA. [It is implied in the K that it is with the art. ال; but it is not so accord. to the O and TA.]) ضَمِيرٌ A thing that thou concealest, or conceivest, or determinest upon, (تُضْمِرُهُ,) in thy heart, or mind: (Lth, TA:) a secret; syn. سِرٌّ: (K:) a subst. from أَضْمَرَ فِى نَفْسِهِ شَيْئًا: (S:) pl. ضَمَائِرُ. (S, K.) b2: [Hence used as meaning A pronoun; which is also termed ↓ مُضْمَرٌ, and اِسْمٌ مُضْمَرٌ, lit. a concealed noun, i. e. a noun of which the signification is not shown by itself alone; opposed to مُظْهَرٌ: pl. of the first as above; and of the second مُضْمَرَاتٌ.] b3: See also ضَمْرٌ. b4: And الضَّمِيرُ signifies The heart [itself]; the mind; the recesses of the mind; the secret thoughts; or the soul; syn. قَلْبُ الإِنْسَانِ, and بَاطِنُهُ, (Msb,) or دَاخِلُ الخَاطِرِ: (A, K:) pl. as above, (Msb, K,) the sing. being likened to سَرِيرَةٌ, of which the pl. is سَرَائِرُ. (Msb.) [See also مُضْمَرٌ. And see an ex. in a verse cited in art. سيح, 7th conj.]

A2: Also Withered, or shrivelled, grapes, (O, K,) that are neither fresh grapes nor raisins. (O.) لَقِيتُهُ بِالضُّمَيْرِ is a phrase mentioned by Sgh [in the O] as meaning I met him at sunset: but it is correctly [بِالصُّمَيْرِ,] with the unpointed ص. (TA.) ضَمِيرَةٌ A lock, or plaited lock, of hair, such as is termed ضَفِيرَةٌ and غَدِيرَةٌ: pl. ضَمَائِرُ. (As, TA.) ضَامِرٌ Lean, and lank in the belly; [&c.; see 1;] (A, K;) applied to a he-camel, (K,) and to a horse, as also ↓ ضَمْرٌ, and ↓ مُضَمَّرٌ, and ↓ مُضْطَمِرٌ; (A;) and to a she-camel, (S, A, K,) as also ضَامِرَةٌ; (S;) [and to a man;] ضَامِرٌ applied to a she-camel being regarded as a possessive epithet [signifying ذَاتُ ضُمْرٍ]: (TA:) and ↓ ضَمْرٌ signifies also lank in the belly, and small and slender in person; applied to a man: (S, A, K:) fem. with ة: (A, K:) the pl. of ضَامِرٌ is ضُمَّرٌ. (Ham p.

473.) b2: And A horse in a state of preparation for racing, by his having been fed with food barely sufficient to sustain him, after having become fat: and you say خَيْلٌ ضَامِرَةٌ and ضَوَامِرُ, meaning horses in that state. (Msb.) b3: Applied to grain, it means Thin, or slender: (Mgh:) and to a branch or twig, sapless; dried up; as also ↓ مُنْضَمِرٌ. (K.) ضَوْمَرَانٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and ضَوْمُرَانٌ (Msb) and ↓ ضَمْيُرَانٌ (O, Msb, K) and ضَيْمَرَانٌ (Msb) A species of the رَيَاحِين [or sweet-smelling plants]: (S, O:) or of the wild رَيْحَان: (K:) or the رَيْحَان فَارِسِىّ: (Msb, K:) Aboo-Nasr says that the ضيمران is the شَاهَسْفَرَم [or شَاهِسْفَرَم, i. e. basil-royal, or common sweet basil, ocimum basilicum]: AHn says, on the authority of an Arab of the desert, of El-Yemen, that the ضيمران is exactly like the حَوْك [which is one of the names now applied to sweet basil], of sweet odour, and is therefore asserted by some to be the شاهسفرم, but the ضيمران is wild; and he says that some call it ضَوْمَرَان. (O.) ضَيْمُرَانٌ and ضَيْمَرَانٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مُضْمَرٌ Concealed, (K,) [or conceived,] in the mind. (S.) You say, هَوًى مُضْمَرٌ, meaning Concealed love; as also ↓ ضَمْرٌ; as though the latter were believed to be an inf. n. [used in the sense of a pass. part. n.] from the unaugmented, for the augmented, verb. (TA.) See also ضَمِيرٌ. b2: Also The place of concealment, (K,) [or of conception,] in the mind. (S.) A poet, (S,) ElAhwas Ibn-Mohammad El-Ansáree, (TA,) says, سَتَبْقَى لَهَا فِى مُضْمَرِ القَلْبِ وَالحَشَا سَرِيرَةُ وُدٍّ يَوْمَ تُبْلَى السَّرَائِرُ [There will remain to her, in the hiding-place of the heart and the bowels, a secret love, (lit. a secret of love,) on the day when secrets shall be revealed]. (S, TA.) مُضَمَّرٌ: see ضَامِرٌ.

مُضَمِّرٌ One who prepares his horses, by reducing them to scanty food, (يُضَمِّرُهَا,) for a military expedition or for racing. (TA.) مِضْمَارٌ A training-place in which horses are prepared for racing [or for military service] by being fed with food barely sufficient to sustain them, after they have become fat: (S, * Msb, K: *) [a hippodrome; a place where horses are exercised:] pl. مَضَامِيرُ. (A.) You say, جَرَى فِى

المِضْمَارِ [He ran in the hippodrome, or place of exercise]. (A.) And الغِنَآءُ مِضْمَارُ الشِّعْرِ (tropical:) [app. meaning Singing is that in which the excellences of poetry are displayed, like as the excellences of a horse are displayed in the hippodrome]. (A.) b2: Also The time, of forty days, during which a horse is reduced to food barely sufficient to sustain him, after his having been fed with fodder so that he has become fat; (S, TA;) the time during which a horse is thus prepared for racing or for an expedition against the enemy: pl. as above. (TA.) It is said in a trad., اَلْيَوْمَ مِضْمَارٌ وَغَدًا الْسِّبَاقُ وَالسَّابِقُ مَنْ سَبَقَ الْجَنَّةَ [To-day is a time for training, and to-morrow is the race, and the winner is he who wins Paradise:] i. e., to-day one is to work, in the present world, for the desire of Paradise; like as a horse is trained for racing. (Sh.) [One of the explanations of المضمار in the K is غَايَةُ الفَرَسِ فِى السِّبَاقِ, or, as in the TA, لِلسِّبَاقِ; app. meaning The goal, or limit, of the horse in racing: but in the TA, these words are made to form part of an explanation which I have given before, i. e., the time during which a horse is prepared for racing, &c.]

A2: See also 2.

لُؤْلُؤٌ مُضْطَمِرٌ Contracted pearls: (K:) or pearls having somewhat of contraction in the middle. (S.) b2: See also ضَامِرٌ.

مُنْضَمِرٌ: see ضَامِرٌ, last sentence.

ضرس

1 ضَرَسَهُ, (A, TA,) aor. ـِ (TA,) inf. n. ضَرْسٌ, (S, A, K,) He bit it: (TA:) or he bit it vehemently with the أَضْرَاس [pl. of ضِرْسٌ, q. v.]; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ ضرّسهُ: (A:) or with the ضَرْس. (T, TA.) b2: He (a beast of prey) chewed his flesh, (i. e., the flesh of his prey,) without swallowing it; (A;) as also ↓ ضرّسهُ. (A, TA.) b3: He bit it (namely an arrow) to try it; to know if it were hard or weak: (S:) he marked it (namely an arrow) by biting it with his أَضْرَاس, (M, A,) or with his teeth. (Az, TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) He tried him with respect to his claims to knowledge or courage. (IAar.) b5: ضَرَسَتْهُ الخُطُوبُ, inf. n. ضَرْسٌ, (tropical:) Things or affairs, or calamities, tried, or tested, him; as also ↓ ضرّستهُ. (TA.) b6: ضَرَسَتْهُ الحُرُوبُ, inf. n. ضَرْسٌ, (tropical:) Wars tried, or proved, him, and rendered him expert, or strong; (TA;) as also ↓ ضرّستهُ, (S, A, K,) inf. n. تَضْرِيسٌ. (S, K.) b7: ضَرَسَهُمُ الزَّمَانُ, (S, A, K,) inf. n. ضَرْسٌ, (K,) (tropical:) Fortune became severe, rigorous, afflictive, or adverse, to them; (S, A, K; *) as also ↓ ضرّسهم. (A, TA.) b8: ضَرَسَ نَابُهَا (tropical:) She was evil in disposition: (TA:) and ضَرْسٌ [alone] the being evil in disposition. (IAar.) b9: ضَرْسٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The biting of blame, or reprehension. (IAar.) b10: And (tropical:) The keeping silence during a day, until the night: (O, K, TA:) as though biting one's tongue. (TA.) b11: And ضَرَسَ البِئْرَ, aor. ـِ (O, K, TA) and ضَرُسَ, (TA,) inf. n. ضَرْسٌ, (O, TA,) (assumed tropical:) He cased the well with stones: (O, K, TA:) or, as some say, he closed up the interstices of its casing with stones: and in like manner one says of any building. (TA.) A2: ضَرِسَتْ أَسْنَانُهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. ضَرَسٌ, (S,) His teeth were set on edge (كَلَّتْ) by eating or drinking what was acid, or sour. (S, A, * K.) And ضَرِسَ الرَّجُلُ The man's teeth were set on edge. (TA.) It is said in a trad. of Wahb Ibn-Munebbih, that a certain bastard, of the Children of Israel, offered an offering, and it was rejected; whereupon he said, يَا رَبِّ يَأْكُلُ

أَبَوَاىَ الحَمْضَ وَأَضْرَسُ أَنَا أَنْتَ أَكْرَمُ مِنْ ذٰلِكَ [O my Lord, my two parents eat sour herbage, and are my teeth set on edge? Thou art more gracious than to suffer that]: and his offering was accepted. (O in art. حمض.) [See Jer., xxxi. 29; and Ezek., xviii. 2.] b2: Also ضَرِسَ, inf. n. ضَرَسٌ, (tropical:) He was angry by reason of hunger: because hunger sharpens the أَضْرَاس. (TA.) b3: And ضَرِسُوا بِالحَرْبِ (assumed tropical:) They persisted in war until they fought one another. (T, O, TA.) 2 ضرّسهُ inf. n. تَضْرِيسٌ: see ضَرَسَهُ, in five places. b2: تَضْرِيسٌ also signifies (tropical:) An indentation, or serration, (Az, TA,) like أَضْرَاس, (TA,) in a sapphire (يَاقُوتَة) and a pearl, or in wood. (Az, TA.) 3 ضَارَسْتُ الأُمُورَ (tropical:) I became experienced in affairs, and knew them. (T, TS.) A2: ضارسوا, (K,) inf. n. مُضَارَسَةٌ and ضِرَاسٌ; so in the Tekmileh; but in the M, ↓ تضارسوا; (TA;) (tropical:) They warred, or fought, one against another, and treated one another with enmity, or hostility: (K, TA:) from ضَرَسٌ, [inf. n. of ضَرِسَ,] signifying the “ being angry by reason of hunger. ” (TA.) 4 اضرسهُ It (acid, or sour, food, or drink,) set his teeth on edge; (Ibn-'Abbád, K; *) syn. أَكَلَّ أَسْنَانَهُ. (Ibn-'Abbád.) [And so, app., اضرس أَسْنَانَهُ.] b2: Also (tropical:) He, or it, (an affair, or event, S,) disquieted him. (Ibn-'Abbád, S, O, K, TA.) b3: And اضرسهُ بِالكَلَامِ (assumed tropical:) He silenced him by speech. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) 5 تَضَرَّسَ see what next follows.6 تضارس, (S, A, K,) in the M ↓ تضرّس, (TA,) (tropical:) It (a building) was, or became, uneven, (S, M, A, K,) and irregular, (A,) having in it what resembled أَضْرَاس. (M.) A2: تضارسوا: see 3.

ضَرْسٌ (assumed tropical:) Land of which the herbage is here and there (IAar, T, O, K, TA) and on which rain has fallen here and there: (IAar, T, TA:) and a portion of land upon which rain has fallen a day or part of a day. (TA.) b2: See also ضِرْسٌ.

ضِرْسٌ A tooth: (S, K:) pl. أَضْرَاسٌ, and (sometimes, S, Msb) ضُرُوسٌ (S, Msb, K) and أَضْرُسٌ [which is a pl. of pauc., as is also, properly, the first of the pls. here mentioned]; and quasi-pl. n.

ضرس [written in the TA without any syll. signs, so that it may be ضَرْسٌ, or ضِرْسٌ (like the sing.), or ضَرَسٌ]; so in the M [of which I am unable to consult the portion containing this art.]: (TA:) or [a lateral tooth; for] the اضراس are the teeth, except the central incisors: (Mgh:) or [this explanation, which I find only in the Mgh, is incomplete, and the word sometimes means the teeth absolutely, but properly] the molar teeth, or grinders, which are twenty in number, [including the bicuspids,] next behind the canine teeth: (Zj, in his “ Khalk el-Insán: ”) or i. q. أَرْحَآءٌ: (S and Msb and K, art. رحى: [see سِنٌّ: and see also رَبَاعِيَةٌ:] ضِرْسٌ is masc.; (Mgh, K;) and sometimes fem.: (Mgh:) or what is thus called is masc. when thus called; (S, Msb;) but if called سِنٌّ, it is fem.: (Msb:) or it is properly masc.; and if found in poetry made fem., سِنٌّ is meant thereby: (Zj, Msb:) but As denies its being made fem.; (Msb, TA;) and as to the saying ascribed to Dukeyn, فَفُقِئَتْ عَيْنٌ وَطَنَّتْ ضِرْسُ [And an eye was put out, and a tooth, or grinder, sounded], he says that the right reading is وَطَنَّ الضِّرْسُ [and the tooth, or grinder, sounded], and that he who heard these words understood them not. (TA.) What are called أَضْرَاسُ العَقْلِ and أَضْرَاسُ الحُلُم [The wisdom-teeth, and the teeth of puberty] are four: they come forth after the [other] teeth have become strong. (TA. [See نَاجِذٌ.]) b2: [Hence,] sing. of ضُرُوسٌ (K) which signifies (assumed tropical:) The stones with which a well is cased. (S, O, K.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) A فِنْد [app. as meaning a peak, or the like,] in a mountain. (TA.) b4: and (assumed tropical:) A rough [hill, or eminence, or elevated place, such as is termed] أَكَمَة (T, O, K, TA) and [such as is termed] أَخْشَب: (T, TA:) or rough ground; written by Sgh ↓ ضَرْسٌ: (IAar, TA:) or a portion of a [tract such as is termed] قُفّ, somewhat elevated, very rugged, rough to the tread, consisting of a single piece of stone [or rock], unmixed with clay, or soil, and not giving growth to anything: pl. ضُرُوسٌ. (TA.) b5: Also (tropical:) Light rain: (IAar, TA:) or a rain little in quantity: (S, O:) or a light rain: pl. ضُرُوسٌ: (K:) or ضُرُوسٌ مِنْ مَطَرٍ means scattered rains: (As, TA:) or scattered showers of rain: (S, O:) and some say, i. q. جُدُر [app. a mistranscription, probably for خَدَرٌ, which signifies rain; or clouds, or mist, and rain]: and [it is. said that] ضِرْسٌ signifies also a raining cloud that has not [much] width. (TA.) A2: See also مُضَرَّسٌ, last sentence.

ضَرِسٌ A man having his teeth set on edge. (TA.) b2: And (tropical:) A man angry by reason of hunger; (Az, K, TA;) because hunger sharpens the أَضْرَاس: (TA:) and ↓ ضَرِيسٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) very hungry; (K, TA;) so that there is nothing that comes to him but he eats it, by reason of hunger: (TA:) pl. of the latter ضَرَاسَى, like as حَزَانَى is a pl. of حَزِينٌ. (K.) b3: And (tropical:) A man (S, A, O) refractory, untractable, perverse, stubborn, or obstinate, in disposition: (Yz, S, A, O, K:) evil in disposition, or illnatured, and very perverse or cross or repugnant and averse; syn. شَرِسٌ. (K.) You say رَجُلٌ ضَرِسٌ شَرِسٌ. (Yz, S, A, O.) [See ضَرُوسٌ.] b4: See also مُضَرَّسٌ, last sentence.

ضِرْسَةٌ Ruggedness, and roughness. (TA.) ضُرَاسٌ Toothache. (MA.) ضِرَاسٌ [seems to signify, properly, A disposition to bite]. b2: [Hence,] النَّاقَةُ بِجِنِّ ضِرَاسِهَا means (assumed tropical:) The she-camel is in the case of the recentness of her bringing forth, when she defends her young one; from the epithet ضَرُوسٌ; (S, Meyd, O; but in the S and O, هِىَ, referring to the she-camel, is put in the place of الناقة;) and is a prov., applied to the man whose nature is evil on the occasion of his defending. (Meyd.) And one says, اِتَّقِ النَّاقَةَ بِجِنِّ ضِرَاسِهَا, meaning (tropical:) Beware thou of the she-camel in the case of the recentness of her bringing forth, and of her evil disposition towards him who approaches her, by reason of her attachment to her young one. (A, TA.) [In the TA, in art. جن, this saying is mentioned with ضِرَامِهَا in the place of ضِرَاسِهَا: the former may perhaps be another reading; but I rather think that it is a mistranscription for the latter. And in the present art. in the TA, it is added that Sgh has mentioned (app. in the TS, for he has not done so in the O,) El-Báhilee's having explained الضِّرَاسُ as meaning سِيْمٌ لهم; and that it is likewise explained in the T as meaning سِيْمٌ: but I know no such word as سِيْمٌ; nor do I know any word of which it is likely to be a mistranscription, though I have diligently searched for such. This word سِيْمٌ has been altered by the copyist in each instance in the TA; so that it seems to have been indistinctly written by the author.] b3: [Hence also] ضِرَاسُ الحَرْبِ (assumed tropical:) The biting of war. (Ham p. 532.) ضَرُوسٌ A she-camel of evil disposition, (S, K,) that bites her milker: (S, A, K:) or that has a habit of biting to defend her young one. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] حَرْبٌ ضَرُوسٌ (tropical:) Devouring, biting, war: (TA:) or vehement war. (Ham p. 87.) A2: and A she-camel whose flow, or stream, of milk does not make any sound to be heard. (TA.) ضَرِيسٌ (assumed tropical:) Stones resembling أَضْرَاس [i. e. teeth or lateral teeth or molar teeth]: with such, a well is cased. (TA.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) The vertebræ of the back. (O, K.) A2: Also, and ↓ مَضْرُوسَةٌ, (assumed tropical:) A well (بِئْرٌ) cased with stones. (S, K.) b2: See also ضَرِسٌ.

أَضْرَسُ an imitative sequent to أَخْرَسُ as an epithet applied to a man. (S, K.) مُضَرَّسٌ (assumed tropical:) A sort of figured cloth or garment, (S, O, K,) having upon it forms resembling أَضْرَاس [i. e. teeth or lateral teeth or molar teeth], (K,) or thought by IF to be thus called because having upon it such forms: (O:) or, applied as an epithet to [the kind of garments called]

رَيْط, as meaning figured with the marks of folding: or meaning folded in a square form: or, as some say, مُضَرَّسَةٌ signifies a sort of cloths, or garments, upon which are lines and ornamental borders. (TA.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) An arrow that is not smooth, or even; because it has in it what resemble أَضْرَاس. (TA.) b3: And حرَّةٌ مُضَرَّسَةٌ and ↓ مَضْرُوسَةٌ (assumed tropical:) [A stony tract] in which are stones like the أَضْرَاس of dogs. (A'Obeyd, S, K.) A2: Also (tropical:) A man who has been tried, or proved, or tried and strengthened, by experience; (A, TA;) whom trials have befallen, as though he had been bitten thereby: (TA:) who has been tried, or proved, and rendered expert, or strong, by wars, (S, A,) and by affairs, or calamities: (A:) like مُنَجَّذٌ from نَاجِذٌ: (A, TA:) or who has become experienced in affairs: (AA, S:) one who has travelled, and become experienced in affairs, and fought; as also ↓ ضِرْسٌ and ↓ ضَرِسٌ. (TA.) المُضَرِّسُ The lion, that chews the flesh of his prey without swallowing it: (O, K:) or the lion; so called because he does thus. (TA.) مَضْرُوسَةٌ: see ضَرِيسٌ: and also مُضَرَّسٌ.

ضيع

1 ضَاعَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. ضَيَاعٌ and ضَيْعَةٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and ضَيْعٌ and ضِيعٌ, (K,) It (a thing, S, Mgh, O, Msb) perished, came to nought, passed away, or became lost. (S, O, Msb, K.) It is said in a trad. of Saad, إِنِّى أَخَافُ عَلَى

الأَعْنَابِ الضَّيْعُةَ i. e. [Verily I fear, for the grapes,] their [lit. the] perishing, or becoming lost. (TA.) b2: And ضاع, (K, TA,) inf. n. ضَيَاعٌ and ضَيْعَةٌ, (TA,) It (a thing) was left; left, or let, alone; or neglected. (K, TA.) Hence, ضاعت الإِبِلُ, and ضاع العِيَالُ, The camels, and the family, or household, were left untended, and unminded; and were left alone, or neglected. (TA.) A2: ضاع, aor. ـِ said of perfume, or sweet odour, i. q. ضاع having for its aor. ـُ (Har p. 670.) [See 5 in art. ضوع: and see also 5 in the present art.]2 ضيّع الشَّىْءَ, (O, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَضْيِيعٌ; (S;) and ↓ اضاعهُ, (O, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِضَاعَةٌ; (S;) both signify the same; (S, O, Msb, K;) He made, or caused, the thing to perish, or become lost; he destroyed it, wasted it, or lost it. (Msb, K, TA.) Hence, ضَيَّعُوا فُلَانًا is used by the vulgar as meaning They beheaded such a one with the sword. (TA.) It is said in a prov., الصَّيْفَ ضَيَّعْتِ اللَّبَنَ [In the spring, or in the summer, thou losedst the milk], in which the ت is with kesr when the words are addressed to a male, or to a female, or to a pl. number, because originally addressed to a woman, the wife of a wealthy man, whom she disliked because of his being aged, wherefore he divorced her, and a poor man married her, and she sent to her first husband requesting a gift, and he answered her thus; (S, O, K; *) الصيف being in the accus. case as an adv. n.: so says Yaakoob: (S, O:) or El-Aswad Ibn-Hurmuz divorced his wife El-' Anood Esh-Shenneeyeh, (O, K,) of the BenooShenn, (TA,) preferring to her a beautiful and wealthy woman of his people; (O, K; *) then there occurred between them what led to their separation, and he sought to obtain [again] El-' Anood, and sent a message to her; but in replying to him she said, أَنْشَأْتَ تَطْلُبُ وَصْلَنَا فِى الصَّيْفِ ضَيَّعْتَ اللَّبَنْ [Thou hast begun to seek our union: in the spring, or in the summer, thou losedst the milk]: (O, * K:) the ت in this case being with fet-h. (K. [See more in Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 197-8, or in Har p. 577; in both of which, however, and in the O, ضيّعت is with kesr in the latter case, as in the former.]) [One says also, ضيّع عَهْدَهُ, meaning He broke his compact, contract, or covenant]. The phrase, in a trad., نَهَى عَنْ المَالِ ↓ إِضَاعَةِ means He forbade the expending of wealth otherwise than in obedience to God, and the squandering thereof, and extravagance. (TA.) b2: See also the next paragraph.4 اضاع الشَّىْءَ: see 2, first sentence, and last but one. b2: Also, [and app. ↓ ضيّعهُ likewise, accord. to the K,] He left the thing; left it, or let it, alone; or neglected it. (K, TA.) Yousay, اضاع عِيَالَهُ He neglected his family, or household; omitted taking good care of them, or being mindful of them. (TA.) وَمَا كَانَ اللّٰهُ لِيُضِعَ

إِيمَانَكُمْ, in the Kur [ii. 138], means And God will not neglect [or make to be lost] your prayer. (TA.) أَضَاعُوا الصَّلَاةَ, in the same, [xix. 60,] means Who neglected, or omitted, prayer, (Bd, TA,) altogether: (TA:) or deferred it: (Bd:) or who performed it in other than its right time: but the first explanation is more suitable, for the unbelievers are meant thereby. (TA.) A2: اضاع [is also intrans., and] may signify He found his affair to be coming to nought. (Ham p. 33.) b2: And His estates (ضِيَاعُهُ) became wide-spread, (S, O, K,) and many, or numerous. (S, O, Msb, K.) 5 تضيّع, said of the wind, It blew: because it [often] destroys that upon which it blows: so says Er-Rághib. (TA. [But it may be from what here follows.]) b2: Said of musk, It diffused its odour, or fragrance: (S, O, K;) a dial. var. of تضوّع: (S:) or an instance of substitution [of ى for و]. (O.) [See also 1, last explanation.]

مَاتَ ضِيْعًا and ضِيَعًا: see ضَيَاعٌ.

ضَيْعَةٌ an inf. n. of 1. (S, &c.) b2: See ضَيَاعٌ, below, last sentence but one. b3: Also A single case, or occasion, of perishing, coming to nought, passing away, or becoming lost; or of being left, left or let alone, or neglected. (TA.) b4: تَرَكْتُهُ بِضَيْعَةٍ means I left him unsought-after, or unminded, or unmissed. (TA. [See also a similar phrase voce ضَيَاعٌ.]) A2: Also i. q. عَقَارٌ [meaning An estate consisting of land, or of land and a house, or of a house or land yielding a revenue, or of a house and palm-trees, or the like]; (S, O, Msb, K;) and [particularly] land yielding a revenue; (K;) or with the people of the towns and villages and cultivated lands it signifies the property, of a man, consisting of palm-trees and grape-vines and land: but the Arabs [of the desert] know not the word in this sense: (Az, TA:) IF says, I do not reckon the application of this word as a name for the عَقَار to be of the original language, but think it to be an innovation in speech; and I have heard it said that this is termed a ضيعة because, when frequent attention to it is neglected, it perishes; and if it be so, this is an evidence of what we have said, that it is of the innovated speech: (O, TA:) the dim. is ↓ ضُيَيْعَةٌ, for which one should not say ضُوَيْعَةٌ: (S, O, K:) the pl. is ضِيَاعٌ and ضِيَعٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) as though the latter were a contraction of the former, (Msb,) and ضَيْعَاتٌ: (K:) accord. to Lth, the first of these pls. signifies places of alighting or abode or settlement; which are thus called because, when the paying frequent attention to them, or taking good care of them, and the keeping them, or putting them, in a good state, or state of repair, is neglected, they come to nought: and ضَيْعَاتٌ occurs in a trad. as meaning the means of subsistence. (TA.) And, (T, O, Msb, K,) as used by the Arabs [of the desert], who know not the word in any other sense than this, (T, O,) A craft, or handicraft, by which one gains his subsistence; a mode, or manner, of gain; or any habitual work or occupation of a man; (T, O, Msb, K) as the sewing of skins or boots and the like; and the twisting of ropes; and the weaving, or plaiting, of palm-leaves; and the culture of palm-trees (عَمَلُ النَّخْلِ); and the pasturing of camels; and the like thereof; (T, O;) including the sowing, or tilling, of land: (TA:) or the ضَيْعَة of the Arabs was the management, or tending, of camels and of sheep and goats: and the term includes a man's craft, or handicraft, or means of gain: (Sh, O:) and his traffic: (Sh, O, K:) one says to a man, قُمْ إِلَى ضَيْعَتِكَ [Arise to thy craft, &c.]: (Sh, O:) and كُلُّ رَجُلٍ

وَضَيْعَتَهُ, [Every man should occupy himself with his proper craft, &c.] (Msb.) أَفْشَى اللّٰهُ, ضَيْعَتَهُ, occurring in a trad., means God made or may God make, his means of subsistence to be abundant. (TA.) And one says, فَشَتْ ضَيْعَتُهُ, [or, more commonly, فَشَتْ عَلَيْهِ ضَيْعَتُهُ, as in the TA in art. فشو, &c.,] which is said to mean His property was, or became, large, or abundant, [or wide-spread,] so that he was unable to collect it together: and [hence] his means of attaining his object [or his affairs (as in the TA in art. فشو)] became disordered so that he knew not with which of them to begin: (TA:) or he took to doing an affair that did not concern him: (TA, and Ham p. 33:) it is nearly like the saying اِتَّسَعَ الخَرْقُ عَلَى الرَّاقِعِ [expl. in art. خرق]. (Ham ibid.) And إِنِّى لَأَرَى ضَيْعَةً لَا يُصْلِحُهَا إِلَّا ضَجْعَةٌ [Verily I see property that nothing but a sleep will restore to a right state] a prov.; said by a pastor whose camels had dispersed themselves, and who, desiring to collect them together, and being unable to do so, sought aid of sleep. (O.) مَاتَ ضِيعَةً: see the next paragraph.

ضَيَاعٌ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, &c.) [Hence] one says, مَاتَ ضَيَاعًا, as also ↓ ضِيَعًا, and ↓ ضِيْعًا, and ↓ ضِيعَةٌ, He (a man, TA) died unsought-after, or unminded, or unmissed. (K, TA. [See also a similar phrase voce ضَيْعَةٌ.]) b2: Also A family, or household: (ISh, O, K:) or the meaning is عِيَالٌ ضُيَّعٌ, (Mgh, O, K, *) i. e. a family, or household, neglected, untended, and unminded; (TA;) or such as are exposed, or liable, to perish, (بِعَرَضِ أَنْ يَضِيعَ,) as young children, and those who are crippled, or deprived of the power of motion, who cannot manage their own affairs: (Mgh:) occurring in a trad., in which it is said that when a man died leaving such as are thus termed, (تَرَكَ ضَيَاعًا,) they were to be brought to the Prophet, (Mgh, O,) to be maintained by means of the government-treasury: (Mgh:) a prefixed noun is to be understood [i. e. it is for عِيَالَ ضَيَاعٍ or the like]: (Mgh:) or it is an inf. n. used as a subst. [properly thus termed]: (Mgh, O:) or, accord. to one relation of the trad., the word is ↓ ضَيْعَةً [which is likewise an inf. n., and in this case to be expl. in the same manner]: (Mgh:) if read ضِيَاعًا, it would be pl. of ضَائِعٌ. (Mgh, O.) A2: Also A sort of perfume, or odoriferous substance. (K.) ضُيَيْعَةٌ dim. of ضَيْعَةٌ, q. v. (S, O, K.) ضَائعٌ Perishing, coming to nought, passing away, or becoming lost: (Mgh, * Msb:) [and being left; left, or let, alone; or neglected:] part. n. of 1: (Mgh, Msb:) pl. ضِيَاعٌ (Mgh, O, Msb, K) and ضُيَّعٌ. (Mgh, O, * Msb, K. *) [See an ex. of the latter pl. in a verse cited voce دَانَ, in art. دين. See also سَائِعٌ, in art. سوع.] b2: and A man in a state of poverty: or having a family, or household, to sustain: or in a state of circumstances by means of which he is unable to subsist. (TA.) b3: فُلَانٌ يَأْكُلُ فِى مِعًى ضَائِعٍ means جَائِعٍ

[i. e. Such a one eats into a hungry, or an empty, gut]: and it was said to the daughters of ElKhuss, “What is the sharpest thing? (مَا أَحَدُّ شَىْء;) and she answered, نَابٌ جَائِعٌ يُلْقِى فِى

مِعًى ضَائِعٍ [A hungry canine tooth that throws the food into an empty gut]. (S.) أَضْيَعُ means أَكْثَرُ ضَيَاعًا: so in the saying, فُلَانٌ أَضْيَعُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ [Such a one is in a more perishing state than such a one]. (TA.) مُضِيعٌ act. part. n. of the trans. v. اضاع. (TA.) [See مِسْيَاعٌ, in art. سوع.]

A2: And part. n. of the intrans. v. اضاع; as such signifying One whose estates (ضِيَاعُهُ) are becoming wide-spread, and many, or numerous. (S, TA.) مَضِيعَةٌ and مَضْيَعَةٌ i. q. ضَيَاعٌ [an inf. n. of 1, q. v.]. (Mgh, O, Msb, K.) So in the saying, تَرَكَ عِيَالَهُ بِمَضِيعَةٍ or بِمَضْيَعَةٍ [He left his family, or household, in a state of perishing, &c.]. (Mgh.) So too in the saying, السَّارِقُ لَا يُقْطَعُ فِى مَالٍ

بِمَضِيعَةٍ [The thief shall not suffer amputation of his hand in the case of his stealing property in a neglected state]. (Mgh.) And so in the saying, هُوَ بِدَارِ مَضِيعَةٍ (S, * O, K) and مَضْيَعَةٍ (O, K) [He is in a place (lit. an abode) of perdition, &c.]: or as meaning in this saying, abandonment, and ignominy. (TA.) And هُوَ مُقِيمٌ بِدَارِ مَضِيعَةٍ or مَضْيَعَةٍ means [He is dwelling in the abode of indolence; or] his characteristic in his affairs is indolence. (Msb.) b2: Also, [or perhaps the latter only, as meaning A cause of perishing &c., this latter being app. of the class of مَبْخَلَةٌ and مَجْبَنَةٌ

&c.,] A desert, or waterless desert, that is cut off [from inhabited regions]: or, as expl. by IJ, a place in which a man perishes, or is lost. (Msb.) مُضَيِّعٌ: see what follows.

رَجُلٌ مِضْيَاعٌ لِلْمَالِ i. q. لَهُ ↓ مُضَيِّعٌ [i. e. A man who wastes, or squanders, wealth, or property]. (S, O, K.)

ضحك

1 ضَحِكَ, (S, MA, O, Msb, K, &c.,) and some say ضِحِكْتُ, with kesr to the ض, (TA, as from the K, [but not in the CK nor in my MS. copy of the K,]) to agree with the vowel of the ح because the latter is a faucial letter, and this is a correct dial. var. of which similar instances are mentioned, and ضَحَكَ also is said to be a well known dial. var. of ضَحِكَ, (TA,) aor. ـَ (S. O,) inf. n. ضَحِكٌ and ضِحْكٌ (S, MA, O, Msb, K, KL) and ضَحْكٌ, (S, MA, O, K, KL,) the first of which is the superior form, (IDrd, O,) [the second and third being contractions thereof,] and ضِحِكٌ, (S, O, K, KL,) and if you said ضَحَكٌ it would be agreeable with analogy, (Az, TA,) He laughed; (MA, KL, PS, TK;) contr. of بَكَى: (TK:) [see also 6:] الضَّحِكُ is well known, as meaning the expanding of the face, and displaying of the teeth, by reason of happiness, joy, or gladness; and التَّبَسُّمُ is the beginning thereof: thus in the Towsheeh and other works: (MF, TA:) and in like manner in the Mufradát [of Er-Rághib]; in which it is added that it is also used as meaning simply the being happy, joyful, or glad: and sometimes as meaning simply the wondering [at a thing]; and this is the meaning intended by him who says that it is peculiar to man: (TA:) [i. e.] ضَحِكَ, said of a man, signifies also he wondered; syn. عَجِبَ; (O, K, TA;) with مِنْ preposed to the object of wonder: (TA:) or he was frightened; or he feared. (K, TA.) You say, ضَحِكَ مِنْهُ and بِهِ, both meaning the same, (S, O, Msb,) i. e. He laughed at him; derided him; or ridiculed him: or he wondered at him. (Msb.) And ضَحِكَ إِلَيْهِ [He behaved laughingly, or cheerfully, towards him]. (IDrd and K in art. بش [See بَشَّ لَهُ.]) b2: Said of an ape, He uttered a cry or cries: (K:) or one says of the ape when he utters a cry or cries, يَضْحَكُ, (S, TA,) meaning he displays his teeth, or grins. (TA.) b3: And ضَحِكَ السَّحَابُ (tropical:) The clouds lightened. (S, O, K, TA.) Hence the usage of the verb in a trad. cited voce تَحَدَّثَ. (O, TA.) b4: And ضَحِكَ الغَدِيرُ i. e. (tropical:) [The pool of water left by a torrent] glistened by reason of its fulness. (TA.) b5: [And ضَحِكَ ثَغْرُهُ (assumed tropical:) His front teeth, or his teeth, glistened by reason of his laughing; meaning he laughed so as to show his front teeth, or his teeth.] b6: And ضَحِكَ الزَّهْرُ (tropical:) The flowers [looked gay, or] were as though they were laughing. (TA.) And ضَحِكَتِ الأَرْضُ (tropical:) The earth, or land, put forth its plants, or herbage, and its flowers. (TA.) And ضَحِكَتِ الرِّيَاضُ عَنِ الأَزْهَارِ (tropical:) The meadows, or gardens, displayed the flowers. (TA.) b7: And ضَحِكَتِ النَّخْلَةُ (tropical:) The palm-tree put forth [or disclosed] its ضَحْك; as also ↓ أَضْحَكَت; (TA;) [i. e.] the spathe of the palm-tree, (Skr, O, TA,) that covered the طَلْع [or spadix], (O,) burst open. (Skr, O, TA.) And ضَحِكَ الطَّلْعُ (tropical:) The طلع [here app. meaning the spathe of the palm-tree] split, or clave, open; and so تَبَسَّمَ. (TA.) b8: And, as some assert, (ISd, TA,) ضَحِكَتْ signifies also (tropical:) She menstruated; said of a hare; (ISd, Z, O, Msb, TA;) accord. to some, from the ضَحَّاك [meaning the interior] of the طَلْعَة [of the palm-tree] when it bursts open; (ISd, TA;) and hence, (K, TA,) said also in this sense of a woman, (O, Msb, K, TA,) accord. to Mujáhid, (O, TA,) and some others, (TA,) in the Kur xi. 74, (O, K, TA,) where some read فَضَحَكَتْ, which is said to be a well-known dial. var.; (TA;) and likewise, accord. to some, said in this sense of the hyena, (O, TA,) when she sees blood, or as IAar says, when she eats the flesh of men and drinks their blood: (TA:) [it is commonly asserted by the Arabs that] the hare menstruates like women: (Kzw:) but with respect to this meaning as assigned to the verb in the Kur xi. 74, Fr says that he had not heard it from any person deserving of confidence; (O, TA; *) and Zj says that it is nought: both say that the meaning there is, she laughed by reason of happiness: (TA:) and some say that there is an inversion in this case, what is meant being فَبَشَّرْنَاهَا بِإِسْحٰقَ فَضَحِكَتْ: (Fr, O, TA:) or the meaning is, she wondered; so says I'Ab; and so Er-Rághib, who adds that it is confirmed by her saying, “ shall I bring forth a child when I am an old woman, and this my husband is an old man? verily this is indeed a wonderful thing: ” and that فَحَاضَتْ which is inserted by some of the expositors after فَضَحِكَتْ is not an explanation of this expression, as some of them have imagined it to be, but is the mention of [a fact which was] a sign that the announcement was not that of an event improbable: or the meaning is, she was frightened; so says Fr.: (TA:) and with respect to the meaning of this verb when said of the hyena, mentioned above, it is rejected by AHát and others: (TA:) IDrd says, on the authority of AHát, respecting the following verse of TaäbbataSharrà, تَضْحَكُ الضَّبْعُ لِقَتْلَى هُذَيْلٍ

وَتَرَى الذِّئْبَ لَهَا يَسْتَهِلُّ that the meaning is (assumed tropical:) The hyena displays her teeth, or grins, on account of the slain [of Hudheyl], when she sees them, like as they say of the ass when he plucks out the [plant called] صِلِّيَانَة; (O, TA;) or, as others say, (assumed tropical:) the hyena snarls, displaying her teeth; and sees the wolf raising his voice in calling the [other] wolves to them, i. e. to the slain: (O, TA:*) Abu-l-' Abbás says that the meaning is, (assumed tropical:) the hyena displays her teeth, because the wolf contends with her over the slain: and some say that the poet means, (assumed tropical:) the hyena rejoices because of the slain. (TA.) b9: One says also, ضَحِكَتِ السَّمُرَةُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) The سمرة [or gum-acacia-tree] flowed with its gum: from ضحكت meaning “ she menstruated. ” (Bd in xi. 74.) 3 مُضَاحَكَةٌ [inf. n. of ضاحكهُ] signifies [The contending, or vying, in laughing, with another; or the laughing with another; or] the laughing together. (KL.) b2: [Hence,] one says, النَّوْرُ يُضَاحِكُ الشَّمْسَ (assumed tropical:) [The flowers vie in brightness with the sun]. (TA.) b3: And إِنَّ رَأْيَكَ لَيُضَاحِكُ المُشْكِلَاتِ (tropical:) [Verily thy judgment makes sport with ambiguities]; said to him to whom confused and dubious things are apparent and known. (TA.) 4 اضحكهُ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. إِضْحَاكٌ, (KL,) said of God, (S, O,) or of a man, (K,) He made him, or caused him, to laugh. (S, * O, * K, * KL, PS.) b2: [Hence,] اضحك الضَّبُعَ, said of blood, (TA,) or of the sword, (O, TA,) (assumed tropical:) [It made the hyena to display her teeth; or to snarl, displaying her teeth: or to rejoice: (see 1, latter part:) but explained as meaning] (tropical:) it made the hyena to menstruate. (TA.) b3: And اضحك الحَوْضَ (tropical:) He filled the wateringtrough so that it overflowed: (O, TA:) its glistening being likened to laughing. (TA.) b4: See also 1, near the middle of the paragraph.5 تَضَحَّكَ see the next paragraph.6 تضاحك and ↓ تضحّك [are both mentioned in the K and TA as though syn. with each other and with ضَحِكَ: and accord. to the KL, the former signifies He laughed: but accord. to the TK, the latter signifies he manifested laughing: or] the former is syn. with ↓ استضحك [app. as meaning he affected to laugh, or laughing: or, more exactly, agreeably with analogy, like the contr. تَبَاكَى and اِسْتَبْكَى, the former signifies thus; and the latter, he desired to laugh]. (S.) b2: And you say also, هُمْ يَتَضَاحَكُونَ [meaning They laugh together, one with another]. (K.) 10 إِسْتَضْحَكَ see the next preceding paragraph.

ضَحْكٌ [originally an inf. n., a contraction of ضَحِكٌ,] The appearance, or appearing, of the central incisors [or of the front teeth] by reason of happiness, joy, or gladness. (TA.) b2: and hence, (TA,) Wonder. (K, TA.) A2: [As an epithet,] A man whose teeth are white. (As, O, TA.) A3: [And as a subst., properly so termed,] White front teeth. (As, O, K.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) Honey: (K:) or white honey; (Ibn-Es-Seed, TA;) likened to the front teeth because of its intense whiteness: (AA, O, TA:) or honey in its comb; syn. شَهْدٌ. (K.) b3: And, (O, K,) some say, (O,) (assumed tropical:) Fresh butter. (O, K.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) Snow. (O, K.) b5: and (assumed tropical:) Blossoms, or flowers, or white blossoms or flowers; syn. نَوْرٌ: (O, and so in copies of the K:) or light; syn. نُورٌ. (So in a copy of the K.) b6: And (assumed tropical:) The طَلْع [or spadix] of the palm-tree when its envelope bursts open from it; (S, * O, * K;) in the dial. of Belhárith Ibn-Kaab: (O:) accord. to Th, what is in the interior of the طَلْعَة [here meaning spathe of the palm-tree]: as AA says, the وَلِيعَة, or وَلِيع [thus differently written in two different places in the TA,] of the طَلْع [or spathe of the palm-tree], which is eaten; as also ↓ ضَحَّاكٌ. (TA.) b7: and (assumed tropical:) The middle of a road; (K, TA;) and so, accord. to the K, ↓ ضَحَّاكٌ; but, correctly, this should have been there mentioned as syn. with ضَحْكٌ in the sense next preceding. (TA.) ضَحْكَةٌ A single act of ضَحِك [or laughing; i. e. a laugh]. (S, O.) A2: [The pl.] ضَحْكَاتٌ signifies (tropical:) The best of everything: and ضَحْكَاتُ القُلُوبِ, the best of possessions, or wealth, and of children: so says Aboo-Sa'eed. (TA.) ضُحْكَةٌ A thing, (Lth, TA,) or a man, (S, O. TA,) that is laughed at, or ridiculed; i. e. يُضْحَكُ مِنْهُ: (S, O, K, TA:) an epithet importing more discommendation than ضُحَكَةٌ. (K.) b2: See also مَضْحَكٌ.

ضُحَكَةٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) an epithet importing discommendation, (K,) and ↓ ضُحُكَّةٌ, (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K,) and ↓ ضَحَّاكٌ, (Msb, K,) an epithet importing commendation, (TA, [but the contr. is implied, or rather plainly indicated, in the K,]) and ↓ ضَحُوكٌ, (K,) and ↓ مِضْحَاكٌ, (S, O, K,) which last is [also] applied to a woman, (S, O,) One who laughs much (كَثِيرُ الضَّحِكِ). (S, O, Msb, K.) ضُحُكَّةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

ضَحُوكٌ: see ضُحَكَةٌ. b2: [Also] A man cheerful in countenance. (O.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) A wide road: (S, O:) or (tropical:) a distinct, an apparent, or a conspicuous, road; as also ↓ ضَحَّاكٌ: pl. of the former (in this sense, TA) ضُحْكٌ. (K, TA.) ضَحَّاكٌ: see ضُحَكَةٌ: b2: and see ضَحْكٌ, last two sentences: b3: and ضَحُوكٌ.

ضَاحِكٌ Laughing; [&c.;] (KL;) act. part. n. of ضَحِكَ. (Msb, K.) b2: Also applied to clouds (سَحَاب), meaning (tropical:) Appearing, or extending sideways, in the horizon, and lightening. (S, O, TA.) b3: [And to the tooth (السِّنّ, used as a gen. n.): thus in the phrase ضَاحِكَ السِّنِّ, meaning (assumed tropical:) Laughingly, so as to display the teeth.] b4: See also ضَاحِكَةٌ. b5: Also, [or perhaps حَجَرٌ ضَاحِكٌ,] (tropical:) Very white stone appearing in a mountain (IDrd, O, TA.) of any colour, as though laughing. (IDrd, O, TA.) b6: One says also رَأْىٌ ضَاحِكٌ, meaning (tropical:) Judgment that is plain, or perspicuous, (TA,) not confused or dubious. (O, TA.) b7: And, [using ضاحك as a gen. n.,] مَا أَكْثَرَ ضَاحِكَ نَخْلِكُمْ (tropical:) [How numerous are the bursting spathes of your palm-trees!]. (TA.) b8: [And an instance of ضَاحِكٌ applied to a woman, without ة, meaning (assumed tropical:) Menstruating, is cited by Bd, in xi. 74.]

ضَاحِكَةٌ, (S, O, K,) or ↓ ضَاحِكٌ, (Msb,) or both, (Mgh,) (tropical:) The tooth next behind the نَاب [or canine tooth]; (Mgh, Msb;) [i. e. the anterior bicuspid;] any one of the four teeth that are between the أَنْيَاب and the أَضْرَاس: (S, O, K:) or any one of the teeth that are in front of the أَضْرَاس that appear on the occasion of laughing: (K:) pl. ضَوَاحِكُ. (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K.) أَوضَحُوا بِضَاحِكَةٍ (O, TA,) a phrase occurring in a trad., (O,) means (assumed tropical:) They smiled. (TA.) أُضْحُوكَةٌ [A laughable thing;] a thing at which one laughs: (O, K, TA:) and ↓ مَضْحَكَةٌ signifies [in like manner a cause of laughter;] a thing at which one laughs, or which one ridicules: pl. of the former أَضَاحِيكُ. (TA.) [See also مُضْحِكَاتٌ.]

مَضْحَكٌ lit. A place of laughing: the front teeth; because they appear in laughing; like مَبْسِمٌ: pl. مَضَاحِكُ.] One says, بَدَتْ مَضَاحِكُهُ and ↓ ضُحْكَتُهُ and [in like manner] مَبَاسِمُهُ (assumed tropical:) [His front teeth appeared, by his laughing]. (TA.) مَضْحَكَةٌ: see أُضْحُوكَةٌ.

مُضْحِكَاتٌ [pl. of مُضْحِكَةٌ] i. q. نَوَادِرُ [as meaning Extraordinary things or sayings, particularly such as cause laughter: see also أُضْحُوكَةٌ]. (TA.) مِضْحَاكٌ: see ضُحَكَةٌ.

ضخم

1 ضَخُمَ, [aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. ضِخَمٌ, (S, Msb, TA,) accord. to the copies of the K ضَخْمٌ, but this is wrong, (TA,) and ضَخَامَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) It, or he, was, or became, large, big, bulky, (S, * Msb, K,) or thick: (S:) or large in body, portly, or corpulent, and fleshy. (K.) 4 اضخم لَهُ (Ibn-'Abbád and K * voce أَدْلَفَ) [i. q. أَغْلَظَ لَهُ] (assumed tropical:) He spoke to him in a rough, harsh, coarse, rude, uncivil, or ungentle, manner. (TK in art. دلف.) ضَخْمٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ ضَخَمٌ (K) and ↓ ضُخَامٌ (S, K) and ↓ أَضْخَمُ, (K,) which last is also with teshdeed of the final letter, (S, K,) i. e. ↓ أضْخَمُّ, in poetry, (S, TA,) for there is no word [properly] of the measure أَفْعَلُّ, and IJ mentions ↓ إِضْخَمٌّ, [evidently in the same sense,] like إِرْدَبٌّ [in measure], (TA,) Large, big, bulky, (S, * Msb, K,) or thick; (S;) applied to a thing (Msb, K) of any kind: (K:) or large in body, portly, or corpulent, and fleshy: (K:) pl. ضخَامٌ; (S, Msb;) like سِهَامٌ pl. of سَهْمٌ: (Msb:) fem. ضَخْمَةٌ, (S, Msb,) applied to a woman; (Msb;) pl. ضَخْمَاتٌ, with the خ quiescent, (S, Msb,) because it is an epithet. (S.) See also مِضْخَمٌ. b2: It was said to a man, إِنَّ لَكَ لَخَيْرٌ [app. meaning “ Verily thou hast wealth ”]; and he replied, أَجَلْ خَيْرٌ ضَخْمُ العُنُقِ [app., (tropical:) Yea, large wealth]; which is tropical. (TA.) and one says, لَهُ سُودَدٌ ضَخْمٌ (assumed tropical:) [He has great lordship or dignity], and شَرَفٌ ضَخْمٌ [great nobility], and شَأْنٌ َضَخْمٌ [great importance or rank]. (TA.) b3: ضَخْمٌ applied to a road means (tropical:) Wide. (K, TA.) b4: And applied to water, (tropical:) Heavy. (K, TA.) ضَخَمٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

ضِخَمَّةٌ, applied to a woman, (tropical:) Very wide, or wide and fat, (عَرِيضَةٌ أَرِيضَةٌ,) and soft, or tender. (K, TA.) ضُخَامٌ: see ضَخْمٌ.

أَضْخَمُ: see ضَخْمٌ. b2: One says [also], هٰذَا

أَضْخَمُ مِنْهُ [This is larger, bigger, &c., than it, or he]. (S.) أَضْخَمُّ and إِضْخَمٌّ: see ضَخْمٌ.

أُضْخُومَةٌ A woman's عِظَامَة [or thing resembling a pillow], (S, K, TA,) with which she makes herself [to appear] large behind her waist [or posteriors]. (TA.) مِضْخَمٌ, as an epithet applied to a chief, or lord, (tropical:) Noble, and portly, or corpulent; (K, TA;) as also ↓ ضَخْمٌ. (TA.) b2: And, applied to a man, (TA,) (tropical:) Vehement in dashing himself against another; and in striking, or beating. (K, TA.)

ضرم

1 ضَرِمَتِ النَّارُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. ضَرَمٌ; (Msb, TA;) and ↓ اضطرمت, and [in an intensive sense] ↓ تضرّمت; (S, Msb, K;) The fire became kindled; or it burned up, burned brightly or fiercely, blazed, or flamed; syn. اِلْتَهَبَت, (S, Msb,) or اِشْتَعَلَت. (K.) b2: And ضَرِمَ الشَّىْءُ The thing was, or became, intensely hot. (S, K. *) b3: And ضَرِمَتِ الحَرْبُ, and ↓ اضطرمت, and [in an intensive sense] ↓ تضرّمت, (assumed tropical:) The war was, or became, kindled; or it burned fiercely, or raged. (TA.) b4: And ضَرِمَ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. as above, (Msb,) said of a man, (S, Msb,) (tropical:) He was, or became, vehemently hungry: (S, Msb, K, TA:) or he burned with hunger: said by Z to be tropical: (TA:) and so جُوعًا ↓ تضرّم, syn. تَحَرَّقَ. (TA in art. حرق.) And one says of him who is vehemently hungry, ضَرِمَ شَذَاهُ (assumed tropical:) [lit. His flies have become vehemently hungry, or burning with hunger]. (S in art. شذو.) b5: And ضَرِمَ فِى الطَّعَامِ, (K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) (tropical:) He applied himself to the eating of the food vigorously, or with energy, not pushing away aught thereof. (K, TA.) b6: And ضَرِمَ عَلَيْهِ (Msb, * K) (tropical:) His anger became violent [against him]: (Msb:) or he burned with anger against him; as also عليه ↓ تضرّم; (K;) or the latter signifies he became angered against him: (S, TA:) and عليه ↓ اضطرم he was, or became, angry with him. (TA.) b7: And ضَرِمَ said of a horse, (tropical:) He ran vehemently [or ardently]: and they say also ضَرِمَ الرَّقَاق, [or perhaps correctly ضَرِمَ فِى الرَّقَاقِ,] meaning (tropical:) He ran vehemently in a tract of soft ground: (TA:) and جَرْيُهُ ↓ اضطرم (assumed tropical:) [His running was, or became, vehement, or ardent,] is likewise said of a horse. (As, S * and K * in art. مج.) 2 ضَرَّمَ see the next paragraph.4 اضرم النَّارَ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِضْرَامٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ ضَرَّمَهَا, (S, K,) but this is with teshdeed to denote intensiveness [of the signification]; (S;) and ↓ استضرمها, (K,) in which the prefix is not meant to denote demand; (TA;) He kindled the fire; or made it to burn up, burn brightly or fiercely, blaze, or flame; (S, Msb, K;) syn. أَوْقَدَهَا, (K,) or أَشْعَلَهَا. (S in art. شعل.) 5 تَضَرَّمَ see 1, in four places.8 إِضْتَرَمَ see 1, in four places. b2: One says also, اضطرم المَشِيبُ (tropical:) Whiteness of the hair became glistening (اِشْتَعَلَ, K, TA) and much in degree. (TA.) b3: And اضطرم الشَّرُّ بَيْنَهُمْ (assumed tropical:) Evil became excited among them. (TA.) b4: [And اضطرم is said of a stallion-camel meaning (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, excited by lust, or by vehement lust: see its part. n., below.]10 إِسْتَضْرَمَ see 4.

ضِرْمٌ and ضُرْمٌ, K, TA,) the former of which is that commonly known, (TA,) A species of tree or plant (شَجَر) of sweet odour, (K, TA,) found in the mountains of Et-Táïf and El-Yemen, (TA,) the fruit of which is like the acorn, and the flower like that of the [species of marjoram called] سَعْتَر, (K, TA,) fed upon by bees, (TA,) and the honey thereof has an excellent quality, K, TA,) and is called عَسَلُ الضُِّرْمَةِ: (TA: [ضُِرْمَةٌ being the n. un.:]) or it is what is called in the ancient Greek language أُسْطُوخُودُوس [app. a mode of writing soixa/dos, gen. of soixas; for it is applied in the present day to stœchas, commonly called French lavender]. (K, TA.) ضَرَمٌ: see ضَرَمَةٌ, in two places: b2: and ضِرَامٌ.

ضَرِمٌ [part. n. of 1: Becoming kindled; &c. b2: And hence, (tropical:) Burning with hunger; or] vehemently hungry; (Msb;) [or simply] hungering, or hungry: (S, K:) or [burning with anger; or] violently angry. (Msb.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) A beast of prey in a state of excitement by lust. (TA.) b4: And (tropical:) A horse that runs vehemently [or ardently]; (S, K, TA;) and so ضَرِمُ العَدْوِ. (TA.) b5: and (assumed tropical:) The young one of the eagle. (S, K.) ضَرَمَةٌ A palm-branch with its leaves upon it, or a شِيحَة [i. e. plant of one of the species of wormwood called شِيح], having fire [kindled] in its extremity: (S, K:) pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.]

↓ ضَرَمٌ. (S.) [Hence,] one says, مَا بِهَا نَافِخُ ضَرَمَةٍ, [in the CK, ضِرْمَةٍ, and in my MS. copy of the K ضَرْمَةٍ, both of which are wrong, There is not in it (namely, the house, الدَّار,) a blower of a ضَرَمَة,] meaning, (tropical:) anyone. (S, K, TA.) b2: b3: Also A live coal. (K.) b4: And Fire, (K, TA,) itself, as some say; (TA;) or so ↓ ضَرَمٌ, (Ham p. 77, and Har p. 27,) sometimes. (Ham ibid.) ضِرَامٌ [is like the inf. n. ضَرَمٌ used as a simple subst., signifying] A kindling, or burning up, burning brightly or fiercely, blazing, or flaming, of fire, (S, A, TA,) in [the species of high, coarse grass called] حَلْفَآء, and the like thereof: (S, TA:) [and] the blazing, or flaming, of the [plant called] عَرْفَج [q. v.]. (Mgh.) b2: [See also a phrase mentioned voce ضِرَاسٌ.] b3: Also (S) Fragments, or broken pieces, of firewood, (S, K,) in which fire quickly kindles, or burns up, burns brightly or fiercely, blazes, or flames: (S:) or such as is weak and soft (K, TA) thereof: (TA:) such as has [i. e. leaves] no live coals: (K, TA:) pl. of ↓ ضَرَمٌ; which is expl. in the A as meaning slender firewood; (TA;) or which means firewood, and what is thrown into fire [as fuel]: (Har p. 27:) or ضِرَامٌ signifies firewood that has kindled, or burned up, &c.: as also ↓ ضِرَامَةٌ. (K.) ضَرِيمٌ i. q. حَرِيقٌ, (S, A, TA,) [as meaning] Burnt with, or in, fire: (KL:) in the K, the word expl. as signifying حَرِيقٌ is said to be like حَيْدَرٌ, i. e. ↓ ضَيْرَمٌ. (TA.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) Burning in the bowels. (TA.) ضِرْيَمٌ The gum of a certain tree. (K.) ضِرَامَةٌ: see ضِرَامٌ, last explanation.

A2: Also The terebinth-tree. (K.) ضَيْرَمٌ: see ضَرِيمٌ.

مُضْطَرِمٌ (assumed tropical:) A stallion [camel] excited by lust, or by vehement lust. (TA.)

ضبن

1 ضَبَنَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. ضَبْنٌ, He put him, or it, (i. e. a man, or another thing,) above his ضِبْن [q. v.]. (TA.) [See also what next follows.]4 اضبنهُ He put it in his ضِبْن, (S, K, TA,) or on his ضِبْن; (TA;) or he took it beneath his ضِبْن, i. e. his حِضْن [or the part between his armpit and flank]: (A'Obeyd, TA:) and ↓ اضطبنهُ signifies the same. (S, K, TA.) b2: And He straitened him, or it, (K, TA,) by putting him, or it, beneath his side. (TA.) 8 اضطبنهُ: see 4. b2: Also He took him, or it, with his hand, and raised him, or it, to a little above his navel. (TA.) ضِبْنٌ The part between the armpit and the كَشْح [or flank]; (S, K, TA;) or the حِضْن [which generally means as above]; (A'Obeyd, TA;) [or] the part, of the side, between the armpit and the حِضْن [which is here evidently used as syn. with كَشْح]: (S:) or the armpit [itself]: so says Ibn-El-Faraj: like ضِبْرٌ: (TA in art ضبر:) or the armpit and the part next to it: or the uppermost part of the side: or the part beneath the كَشْح [or flank] and beneath the armpit: or the part between the خَاصِرَة [or flank] and the head [or crest] of the hip. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) A side of a road: one says, أَخَذَ فِى ضِبْنٍ مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ (assumed tropical:) He took a side of the road: pl. أَضْبانٌ. (TA.) b3: And هُوَ فِى ضِبْنِ فُلَانٍ means (assumed tropical:) He is in the quarter, or protection, of such a one; as also ↓ فى ضِبْنَتِهِ. (TA.) b4: [The pl.] أَضْبَانٌ signifies also (tropical:) The narrow places (مَضَايِق) of the جَمَل [an evident mistranscription for جَبَل i. e. mountain]. (TA.) b5: And (assumed tropical:) Places abounding with beasts of prey: (K, TA:) sing. ضِبْنٌ. (TA.) b6: And الضِّبْنُ signifies (assumed tropical:) That [place, or ground,] which renders people impotent, or helpless, to dig it. (K.) ضَبَنٌ Deficiency, or a falling short. (K, TA.) مَكَانٌ ضَبِنٌ A narrow place. (S.) ضَبْنَةٌ and ضُبْنَةٌ: see what next follows.

ضِبْنَةٌ and ↓ ضَبِنَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ ضَبْنَةٌ and ↓ ضُبْنَةٌ (K) The household, or family, (S, K, TA,) of a man, (S,) and [his] relations, or servants, or other dependents: (TA:) or the cattle, and household, or family, that are under one's authority, and which he minds, or to which he attends, and the maintenance whereof is incumbent on him. (IAth, TA.) And A travelling-companion, or travellingcompanions, in whom is no profit, or advantage, (K, TA,) being only such as he who travels with him, or them, has the burden of supporting. (TA.) A2: See also ضِبْنٌ.

ضَبِنَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

ضبانة [app. ضِبَانَةٌ, like بِطَانَةٌ, which is one of its syns.,] A man's particular, or special, intimates, friends, or associates, and his aiders, or assistants, and kinsfolk. (TA.)

غلب

1 غَلَبَهُ, (S, Msb,) [and غَلَبَ عَلَيْهِ,] aor. ـِ (Msb,) inf. n. غَلَبٌ and غَلْبٌ, (S, K, TA,) the former of which is the more chaste, (TA,) or the latter is an inf. n. and the former is a simple subst., (Msb,) and غَلَبَةٌ, (S, K, TA,) [the most common form,] or this is a simple subst. like غَلَبٌ, (Msb,) which is perhaps formed from it by the elision of the ة, (Fr, S,) and مَغْلَبٌ and مَغْلَبَةٌ, (K, TA,) which last is rare, (TA,) and غَلَابِيَةٌ and [in an intensive sense] غُلُبَّى and غِلِبَّى (K, TA) and غُلُبَّةٌ (Lh, K, TA, said in the S to be syn. with غَلَبَةٌ) and غَلُبَّةٌ, with fet-h to the غ, (K, TA, in the CK غلَبَّة,) and غِلِبَّآءُ, (Kr, TA,) He, or it, overcame, conquered, subdued, overpowered, mastered, or surpassed, him, or it; gained ascendency or the mastery, prevailed, or predominated, over him, or it; or was, or became, superior in power or force or influence, to him, or it. (A, MA, K, PS, TK, &c.) [See also 5.] b2: One says, غَلَبْتُهُ عَلَيْهِ meaning [I overcame him in contending for it; i. e.] I took it, or obtained it, from him [by superior power or force]. (A.) And غُلِبَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ Such a one had the thing taken from him by superior power or force. (Mgh.) Hence the saying, لَا تُغْلَبُوا عَلَى صَلَاةٍ

قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَقَبْلَ غُرُوبِهَا Be not ye overcome and anticipated by others in performing prayer before the rising of the sun and before its setting, so that the opportunity for your doing so escape you. (Mgh.) b3: And غَلَبَهُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ He forced him, or constrained him against his will. (A, TA.) b4: [And غَلَبَهُ الأَمْرُ The affair overcame, defeated, or baffled, him.] b5: And غَلَبَهُ بِالخَوْفِ He exceeded him in fear. (S in art. خوف.) b6: and غَلَبَ عَلَى فُلَانٍ الكَرَمُ Generosity was, or became, the predominant quality of such a one. (TA.) b7: And غَلَبَ أَنْ يُخْطَمَ [He refused to have the خِطَام (or leading-rope) put upon him]; said of a camel. (TA in art. خطم.) b8: And أَيُغْلَبُ أَحَدُكُمْ

أَنْ يُصَاحِبَ النَّاسَ مَعْرُوفًا meaning أَيَعْجِزُ [i. e. Is any one of you unable to associate with men kindly?]. (A.) A2: غَلِبَ, aor. ـَ (K, TA,) inf. n. غَلَبٌ, (S, * TA,) He was, or became, thick-necked: (K, TA:) or thick and short in the neck: or thick and inclining in the neck: from disease or other cause. (TA.) 2 غَلَّبْتُهُ عَلَيْهِ, inf. n. تَغْلِيبٌ, [I made him to overcome, conquer, subdue, overpower, master, or surpass, him, or it; &c.: see 1: and] I made him to gain the mastery over it, or to obtain possession of it, (namely, a town, or country,) by [superior power or] force. (S.) b2: And غُلِّبَ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ He (a poet) was judged to have overcome his fellow. (TA.) [See مُغَلَّبٌ.] b3: [غَلَّبَ لَفْظًَا عَلَى لَفْظٍ آخَرَ, a conventional phrase of the lexicologists, means He made a word to predominate over another word; as in القَمَرَانِ for الشَّمْسُ وَالقَمَرُ; and سِرْنَا عَشْرًا for سِرْنَا عَشْرَ لَيَالٍ

بِأَيَّامِهَا: of the former instance you say, فِيهِ تَغْلِيبُ القَمَرِ عَلَى الشَّمْسِ In it is the attribution of predominance to the moon over the sun; and in the latter, فيه تَغْلِيبُ اللَّيْلِ عَلَى النَّهَارِ In it is the attribution of predominance to the night over the day. See more in Kull p. 115.]3 غالبهُ [He vied, contended, or strove, with him, to overcome, conquer, subdue, overpower, master, or surpass, &c., (see 1,) or for victory, or superiority], inf. n. مُغَالَبَةٌ and غِلَابٌ. (S, Msb, TA.) You say, غَالَبْتُهُ فَغَلَبْتُهُ [I vied, contended, or strove, with him, to overcome, &c., and I overcame him.

&c.]. (O.) And Kaab Ibn-Málik says, هَمَّتْ سَخِينَةُ أَنْ تُغَالِبَ رَبَّهَا وَلَيُغْلَبَنَّ مُغَالِبُ الغَلَّابِ

[Sakheeneh (a by-name of the tribe of Kureysh) proposed to themselves to contend for victory with their Lord: but he who contends for victory with the very victorious will assuredly be overcome]. (TA.) 5 تغلّب عَلَى بَلَدِ كَذَا He gained the mastery over such a town, or country, or obtained possession of it, by [superior power or] force. (S, K, *) 6 تغالبوا عَلَى البَلَدِ [They vied, contended, or strove, one with another, against the town, or country, to take it]. (A.) 10 استغلب عَلَيهِ الضَّحِكُ Laughter became vehement in its effect upon him. (TA.) 12 اغلولب العُشْبُ The fresh, or green, herbage attained to maturity, and became tangled and luxuriant, or abundant and dense: (S:) or became compact and dense. (TA.) غَلَبَةٌ an inf. n. of غَلَبَ, (S, K, TA,) or a simple subst. (Msb.) [It is much used as a subst., signifying The act of overcoming, conquering, subduing, &c.; (see 1;) victory, conquest, ascendency, mastery, prevalence, predominance, superiority. or superior power or force or influence; success in a contest; or the act of taking, or obtaining, by superior power or force.]

A2: And pl. of غَالِبٌ. (TA.) غُلَبَةٌ: see what next follows.

غُلُبَّةٌ and غَلُبَّةٌ and غَلَبَّةٌ: see what next follows.

غُلُبَّى and غِلِبَّى: see what next follows.

غَلَّابٌ (S, O) and ↓ غُلَبَةٌ (O) and ↓ غُلُبَّةٌ and ↓ غَلُبَّةٌ (O, TA) and ↓ غَلَبَّةٌ (O) and ↓ غُلُبَّى and ↓ غِلِبَّى, (Fr, O,) [all of which except the first and second, and app. the fifth, are originally inf. ns.,] A man who overcomes, conquers, subdues, overpowers, masters, or surpasses, much, or often, (S, O, TA,) and quickly; (O;) [very, or speedily, or very and speedily, victorious:] or the third, accord to As, signifies a man who overcomes, or conquers, &c., quickly: (S:) pl. of the first غَلَّابُونَ. (TA.) رَجُلٌ غَالِبٌ A man who overcomes, conquers, subdues, overpowers, masters, or surpasses; or overcoming, &c.: pl. غَلَبَةٌ. (TA.) b2: اِسْمٌ غَالِبٌ A noun [used predominantly in one of its senses,] such as دَابَّةٌ applied to “ a horse,” and مَالٌ applied to “ camels. ” (TA in art. سنه.) And صِفَةٌ غَالِبَةٌ [i. e. غَالِبَةٌ اسْمِيَّتُهَا, or غَلَبَتْ عَلَيْهَا الاِسْمِيَّةُ,] An epithet [in which the quality of a substantive is predominant,] such as حَاجِبٌ applied to “ a doorkeeper. ” (TA in art. حجب.) b3: [And الغَالِبُ signifies also The most, or the most part; and the generality: whence, غَالِبًا and فِى الغَالِبِ meaning Mostly, or for the most part: in which sense ↓ فى الأغْلَبِ is sometimes used: and generally. b4: And What is most probable: whence, غَالِبًا and فِى الغَالِبِ meaning Most probably.]

أَغَْلَبُ [More, and most, overcoming or conquering &c.: fem. غَلْبَآءُ: and pl. غُلْبٌ]. One says قَبِيلَةٌ غَلْبَآءُ A [most overcoming or] mighty, resistive, tribe. (K.) And عِزَّةٌ غَلْبَآءُ [Most overpowering might]. (S.) b2: See also غَالِبٌ.

A2: Also Thick-necked, (S, TA,) applied to a man: (S:) [or thick and short in the neck: or thick and inclining in the neck: (see 1, last sentence:)] fem.

غَلْبَآءُ, applied to a she-camel: and pl. غُلْبٌ. (TA.) And Thick, applied to a neck. (Lh, TA.) b2: [Hence,] حَدِيقَةٌ غَلْبَآءُ (tropical:) [A garden, or walled garden, &c.,] of tangled and luxuriant, or abundant and dense, trees: (S:) or of compact and dense trees; as also ↓ مُغْلَوْلِبَةٌ. (K, TA.) In the phrase حَدَائِقَ غُلْبًا in the Kur [lxxx. 30], the epithet is expl by Bd as meaning (tropical:) Large. (TA.) And the fem. is applied to a [mountain, or hill, such as is termed] هَضْبَة, (S, TA,) meaning (tropical:) Lofty and great. (TA.) b3: And الأَغْلَبُ meansThe lion [app. because of the thickness of his neck]. (K.) مَغْلَبَةٌ A place where one is overcome, or conquered. (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees.)]

مُغَلَّبٌ Overcome, conquered, &c., repeatedly, several times, or many times; (S, A, K, TA;) applied to a poet: (A:) and (so applied, S, A, TA) judged to have overcome (S, A, * K, TA) his fellow, (S, TA,) much, or often: (A:) thus having two contr. significations: (S, K:) an epithet of praise as well as of dispraise: (O:) or, when the Arabs say of a poet that he is مُغَلَّب, the meaning is that he is overcome; but if they say, غُلِّبَ فُلَانٌ, the meaning is, such a one has [been judged to have] overcome: thus they say, غُلِّبَتْ لَيْلَى الأَخْيَلِيَّةُ عَلَى نَابِغَةِ بَنِى جَعْدَةَ, for she overcame him, and he ([En-Nábighah] El-Jaadee) was مُغَلَّب. (Mohammad Ibn-Selám, TA.) مَغْلُوبٌ [pass. part. of غَلَبَ, Overcome, conquered, subdued, &c. b2: And] part. n. of غُلِبَ in the phrase غُلِبَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ expl. above: [see 1:] (Mgh: [and the like is said in the A:]) a poet says, فَكُنْتُ كَمَغْلُوبٍ عَلَى نَصْلِ سَيْفِهِ [And I was like one whose blade of his sword has been taken from him by superior power or force; or who has had his blade of his sword taken from him &c.]. (Mgh.) مُغْلَنْبٍ One who overcomes, conquers, or subdues, another; who gains ascendency, or the mastery, over him: (K, TA:) it is quasi coordinate to [مُحْرَنْجِمٌ, part. n. of] اِحْرَنْجَمَ [which is from حَرْجَمَ]. (TA.) حَدِيقَةٌ مُغْلَوْلِبَةٌ: see أَغْلَبُ.

غوث

1 غَاثَ: see 4.

A2: [And see also غَوِيثٌ.]2 غوّث, (S, K,) inf. n. تَغْوِيثٌ; (K;) and ↓ استغاث; (TA;) He cried out, (TA,) and said, (S, K,) ↓ وَا غَوْثَاهُ (S, K, TA) [Alas! a cry for aid, or succour! also pronounced وا غَوْثَاهِ (accord. to one of my copies of the S) and وا غَوْثَاهْ]. Yousay, ضُرِبَ فُلَانٌ فَغَوَّثَ Such a one was beaten, and cried وا غوثاه. (TA.) This is declared by the leading grammarians to be the primary signification of غوّث: then they used it as meaning He cried out, or called, desiring, or demanding, aid, or succour. (MF.) A2: See also غَوِيثٌ.4 اغاثهُ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِغَاثَةٌ (Msb, K) and ↓ مَغُوثَةٌ [which is anomalous], (K,) He aided, or succoured, him; (Msb;) He (i. e. God, Msb) removed from him trouble, or affliction: (Msb, TA:) ↓ غَاثَهُ, aor. ـِ is used in the sense of اغاثهُ, but is rare, and is said [by some] to be from الغَيْثُ, not الإِغَاثَةُ: غاثهُ, aor. ـُ is mentioned by Az as not heard by him from any one; but ISd mentions غاثهُ, inf. n. غَوْثٌ and غِيَاثٌ, though saying that اغاثهُ is more approved. (TA.) And one says also, أَغَاثَنَا المَطَرُ (assumed tropical:) [The rain gave us relief]. (Msb.) 6 تَغَاوَثُوا, accord. to Freytag, appears to be used in the Deewán of the Hudhalees as signifying They said, one to another, وَا غَوْثَاهُ: A2: and تغاوث as syn. with أَغَاثَ.]10 استغاثهُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and استغاث بِهِ, (O, Msb, TA,) the latter disallowed by some, but used by Sb, (TA,) He sought, desired, or demanded, aid, or succour, of, or by means of, him, or it; he sought, &c., [or called for,] his aid, or succour. (O, MF, TA.) b2: See also 2.

[Hence, استغاث العُودُ (assumed tropical:) The lute sent forth plaintive sounds: a modern phrase.]

غَوْثٌ and ↓ غُوَاثٌ and ↓ غَوَاثٌ, (S, K,) the last deviating from the common course of speech, (K, TA,) with respect to analogy, as will be seen from what follows, (TA,) A cry for aid, or succour. (S, K, KL, PS.) One says, أَجَابَ اللّٰهُ

↓ دُعَآءَهُ وغُوَاثَهُ and ↓ غَوَاثَهُ [God answered his prayer, and his cry for aid]. (Fr, S.) ↓ غَوَاثٌ is said by Fr to be the only word significant of a sound, or cry, having fet-h [to the first letter]; other words of this kind being with damm, as بُكَآءٌ and دُعَآءٌ, or with kesr, as نِدَآءٌ and صِيَاحٌ. (S.) See also 2. b2: And see غِيَاثٌ.

غَوَاثٌ: see غَوْثٌ, in three places: b2: and see also غِيَاثٌ. b3: In the dial. of Himyer it signifies (assumed tropical:) Travelling-provision. (TA.) غُوَاثٌ: see غَوْثٌ, in two places: b2: and see also the paragraph here following.

غِيَاثٌ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) in which the و is changed into ى because of the kesreh preceding it, (S,) a form disapproved by some of the lexicographers, but several others assign to it priority, (MF,) a subst. from أَغَاثَهُ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) as also ↓ غَوَاثٌ, ascribed by Ibn-Hajar to the majority, and ↓ غُوَاثٌ, mentioned on the authority of Aboo-Dharr, (MF,) and ↓ غَوْثٌ; (Msb;) signifying Aid, or succour; (Msb;) or deliverance from difficulty, distress, or adversity, and [from] revenge; and aid to release from difficulties, distresses, or adverse circumstances. (MF.) In the T, الغِيَاثُ is expl. as signifying That with which God aids, or succours, one. (TA.) b2: And غِيَاثٌ signifies also An aider, or a succourer: you say, فُلَانٌ غِيَاثُنَا Such a one is our aider, or succourer; i. q. ↓ مُغِيثُنَا: (TA in art. نور:) and God is said to be غِيَاثُ المُسْتَغِيثِينَ [The Aider of the seekers of aid]. (O.) b3: [Hence,] أُمُّ غِيَاثٍ is a name for (assumed tropical:) The cooking-pot. (T in art. ام.) غَوِيثٌ Food, or other succour, with which one aids a person in necessity. (O, K.) A2: Also, (O, K,) in one copy of the K ↓ تَغْوِيثٌ, (TA,) [both perhaps inf. ns., the former like دَبِيبٌ &c.,] Vehemence of running (شِدَّةُ عَدْوٍ). (O, K.) مُغِيثٌ: see غِيَاثٌ, last sentence but one.

مَغُوثَةٌ, an [anomalous] inf. n.: see 4.

مَغَاوِثُ Waters: (O, K:) said to be one of those plurals that have no singulars. (TA.) يَغُوثُ A certain idol which belonged to [the tribe of] Medhhij: (Zj, ISd, K, TA:) or a certain good man, who lived between [the times of] Adam and Noah, and of whom, after his death, was made an image, which, after a long time, became an object of worship; like وَدٌّ and سُوَاعٌ and يَغُوقُ and نَسْرٌ, mentioned therewith in the Kur lxxi. 22 and 23. (Bd.)