سر

ى1 سَرَى, (S, M, K,) or سَرَى اللَّيْلَ (Msb) and بِاللَّيْلِ, (Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـْ (K,) inf. n. سُرًى (S, M, Mgh, K) and مَسْرًى (S, K) and سَرْيَةٌ and سُرْيَةٌ (M, K) and سِرَايَةٌ; (S, * and TA as from the K, but not in the CK nor in my MS. copy of the K;) the first of a form rare among inf. ns., because it is one of the forms of pls., as is shown by the fact that some of the Arabs make it and هُدًى fem., namely, Benoo-Asad, supposing them to be pls. of سُرْيَةٌ and هُدْيَةٌ, (S,) and Lh knew not سُرًى but as a fem. noun; (M;) or the inf. n. is سَرْىٌ, and سُرْيَةٌ and سَرْيَةٌ are more special [in meaning, as will be shown below, voce سَرْيَةٌ], and سُرًى is pl. of سُرْيَةٌ; (Msb;) or سَرْيَةٌ is an inf. n. un., and سُرْيَةٌ is a simple subst., and so is سُرًى, (S, TA,) and so is سِرَايَةٌ (Msb, TA) also, as some say; (TA;) He journeyed, or travelled, by night, or in the night, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) in a general sense; (M, K;) accord. to Az, in the first part part of the night, and in the middle thereof, and in the last part thereof; (Msb, TA;) and ↓ اسرى signifies the same (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) in the dial. of El-Hijáz, (S, Msb,) inf. n. إِسْرَآءٌ; (M;) as also ↓ استرى; (M, K;) and perhaps ↓ تسرّى likewise. (Mgh.) [See also سُرًى and سَرْيَةٌ below.] It is said in a prov., ذَهَبُوا إِسْرَاءَ ↓ قُنْفُذٍ‏ [They went away in the manner of a hedge-hog's night-travelling; meaning they went away by night]; because the قنفذ goes all the night, not sleeping. (M.) b2: [Hence, as denoting unseen progress,] it is said also of the root of a tree, meaning It crept along beneath the ground; (Az, M, K;) aor. as above, (M,) inf. n. سَرْىٌ. (TA.) b3: And it is said of ideal things, as being likened to corporeal things; tropically, and by extension of the signification; (Msb, TA;) or metaphorically; [as, for instance,] of calamities, and wars, and anxieties: (M, TA:) and the predominant inf. ns. [in these cases] are سِرَايَةٌ and سَرَيَانٌ. (TA.) One says, سَرَى عِرْقُ السُّوْءِ فِى الإِنْسَانِ (tropical:) [The root, or strain, of evil crept in the man]. (Es-Sarakustee, Msb, TA.) And سَرَى فِيهِ السَّمُّ (tropical:) [The poison crept in him, or pervaded him]; and similarly one says of wine; and of the like of these two things. (El-Fárábee, Msb, TA. [See also دَبَّ.]) And the lawyers say, سَرَى الجُرْحُ إِلَى النَّفْسِ (tropical:) [The wound extended to the soul], meaning that the pain of the wound continued until death ensued in consequence thereof: (Mgh, * Msb, TA:) and قُطِعَ كَفُّهُ فَسَرَى إِلَى سَاعِدِهِ (tropical:) [His hand was cut off, and it extended to his upper arm], meaning that the effect of the wound passed by transmission: and سَرَى التَّحْرِيمُ, and العِتْقُ, (tropical:) The prohibition, and the emancipation, [extended, or] passed by transmission: phrases current among the lawyers, but not mentioned in books of repute, though agreeable with others here preceding and following. (Msb, TA.) One says also, سَرَى عَلَيْهِ الهَمُّ (tropical:) Anxiety came to him [or upon him] by night: and سَرَى هَمُّهُ (tropical:) His anxiety went away. (Msb, TA.) and similar to these is the phrase in the Kur [lxxxix. 3], وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَسْرِ (tropical:) And by the night when it goes away: (Msb, TA:) or, as some say, when one journeys in it; like as one says لَيْلٌ نَائِمٌ meaning “ night in which one sleeps: ” the [final] ى [of the verb] is elided because it terminates a verse. (TA.) b4: It is made trans. by means of ب: (Msb:) one says, سَرَى بِهِ [He made him to journey, or travel, or he transported him, by night, or in the night; or it may be rendered he journeyed, or travelled, with him, by night, or in the night]; (M, Msb, K;) and in like manner, [and more commonly,] بِهِ ↓ أَسْرَى; (S, M, Msb, K;) and ↓ أَسْرَاهُ; (S, M, K;) like as one says, أَخَذَ بِالخِطَامِ as well as اخذ الخِطَامَ. (S.) As to the saying in the Kur [17:1], سُبْحَانَ الَّذِى أَسْرَى بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلًا [Extolled be the glory of Him who transported his servant by night!], it is an instance of corroboration, (S, K, * TA,) like the saying, سِرْتُ أَمْسِ نَهَارًا and البَارِحَةَ لَيْلًا: (S, TA:) or the meaning is [simply] سَيَّرَهُ: (K, TA:) accord. to 'Alam-ed-Deen Es-Sakháwee, لَيْلًا is added, although الإِسْرَآء is not otherwise than by night, because the space over which he was transported is not to be traversed in less than forty days, but was traversed by him in one night; as though the meaning [intended] were, فِى لَيْلٍ وَاحِدٍ; and it denotes wonder: لَيْلًا is here used instead of لَيْلَةً because when they say سَرَى لَيْلَةً the meaning generally is he occupied the whole of the night in journeying: Er-Rághib holds the verb in this instance to be from سَرَاةٌ signifying “ a wide tract of land,” to belong to art. سرو, and to be like أَجْبَلَ and أَتْهَمَ; the meaning being, who transported his servant over a wide tract of land: but this is strange. (TA.) A2: سَرَى مَتَاعَهُ, (M, K,) aor. ـْ (M, TA,) inf. n. سَرْىٌ, (TA,) He threw his goods, or utensils and furniture, upon the back of his beast. (M, K.) b2: And سَرَى عَنِّى الثَّوْبَ, inf. n. سَرْىٌ, He removed from over me the garment: but و is more approved [as the final radical: see 1 in art, سرو]. (M, TA.) You say, سَرَيْتُ الثَّوْبَ and ↓ سَرَّيْتُهُ I pulled off the garment: and عَنْهُ ↓ سُرِّىَ It was removed from over him, and removed from its place: the teshdeed denotes intensiveness. (TA.) 2 سرّى, (K,) or سرّى سَرِيَّةً, (TA,) inf. n. تَسْرِيَةٌ, He (the leader of an army, TA) detached a سَرِيَّة [q. v.] (K, TA) to the enemy by night. (TA.) b2: سرّى العَرَقَ عَنْ بَدَنِهِ, inf. n. as above, He exuded the sweat from his body. (TA.) b3: See also 1, last sentence, in two places.4 أَسْرَىَ see 1, in the former half of the paragraph, in two places: b2: and again, in the latter half, in three places. b3: See also 4 in art. سرو.5 تَسَرَّىَ see 1, first sentence.8 إِسْتَرَىَ see 1, first sentence.

سُرًى, [said by some to be an inf. n., by some to be a simple subst., and by some to be pl. of سُرْيَةٌ, or supposed to be so, and therefore made fem., as mentioned in the first sentence of this art.,] meaning A journeying, or travelling, by night, or in the night, in a general sense, is masc. and fem., (M, K,) by some of the Arabs made fem., (S,) and not known to Lh but as a fem. noun. (M.) It is said in a prov., عِنْدَ الصَّبَاحِ يَحْمَدُ القَوْمُ السُّرَى

[At daybreak, the party commend night-journeying]: applied to the man who endures difficulty, or distress, or fatigue, hoping for rest, or ease: (Meyd:) and in inciting to labour for the accomplishment of an affair with patience, and to dispose and subject the mind, until one commends the result thereof. (Har p. 555, q. v.) سَرَاةٌ: see art. سرو.

سَرْيَةٌ and ↓ سُرْيَةٌ are inf. ns. of سَرَى: (M, K:) or have a more special signification than the inf. n. of that verb, which is سَرْىٌ: one says, سَرَيْنَا سَرْيَةً مِنَ اللَّيْلِ and ↓ سُرْيَةً [We journeyed by night a journey of the night]: and the pl. of ↓ سُرْيَةٌ is [said to be] سُرًى: (Msb:) or one says, سَرَيْنَا سَرْيَةً وَاحِدَةً [We journeyed by night a single night-journey]: and the subst. [signifying a journeying, or travelling, by night, or in the night,] is ↓ سُرْيَةٌ, and سُرًى. (S, TA.) سُرْيَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in four places.

سِرْيَةٌ meaning An arrow-head, (As, M, TA,) such as is small, short, round and smooth, having no breadth, (M, TA,) is a dial. var. of سِرْوَةٌ [q. v.], (As, TA,) or formed from the latter word by the substitution of ى for و because of the kesreh: (M, TA:) accord. to the K, ↓ سَرِيَّةٌ signifies a small round arrow-head; but this is a mistake; the correct word being سِرْيَةٌ, with kesr, and without teshdeed to the ى. (TA.) A2: It is also a dial. var. of سِرْوَةٌ signifying The locust in its first state, when it is a larva. (S in art. سرو.) سَرَآءٌ A certain tree, (AHn, S, M, K,) from which bows are made, (AHn, S, M,) the wood whereof is of the best of woods, and which is of the trees of the mountains: (AHn, M:) ElGhanawee El-Aarábee says, the نَبْع and شَوْحَط [q. v.] and سَرَآء are one: (TA in art. شحط:) [it is also mentioned in the TA in art. سرأ:] n. un.

سَرَآءَةٌ. (M, K.) سَرِىٌّ i. q. نَهْرٌ [A river, &c.]: (Th, M:) or a rivulet, or streamlet: (S, M, Msb:) or a rivulet running to palm-trees: (M, K:) pl. [of pauc.]

أَسْرِيَةٌ (S, M, K) and [of mult.] سُرْيَانٌ: (Sb, S, M, Msb, K:) أَسْرِيَآءُ as its pl. has not been heard. (S.) Thus it has been expl. as occurring in the Kur xix. 24. (M, TA.) A2: See also art. سرو.

سَرِيَّةٌ A portion of an army: (S, Msb:) of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ; because marching by night, privily; (Mgh, Msb;) thus originally, and afterwards applied also to such as march by day: (Ham p. 45:) or it may be from الاِسْتِرَآءُ “ the act of choosing, or selecting; ” because a company chosen from the army: (Mgh: [but if so, belonging to art. سرو:]) from five persons to three hundred: (M, K:) or four hundred: (K:) or, of horsemen, about four hundred: (M:) or the best thereof, (S,) or the utmost, (Nh,) consists of four hundred: (S, Nh:) or, accord. to the “ Fet-h el-Bári,” from a hundred to five hundred: (TA:) or nine, and more than this; three, and four, and the like being termed طَلِيعَةٌ, not سَرِيَّةٌ: but it is related of the Prophet that he sent a single person as a سَرِيَّة: (Mgh:) the pl. is سَرَايَا (S, Msb) and سَرِيَّاتٌ. (Msb.) A2: See also سِرْيَةٌ.

سِرَايَةٌ A journeying, or travelling, by night, or in the night: (S, Msb, TA:) an inf. n.; (TA as from the K; [see 1, first sentence;]) or a simple subst. (Msb, TA.) سَرَيَانِىٌّ, from the inf. n. سَرَيَانٌ, Pervasive: occurring in philosophical works, and probably post-classical.]

السُّرْيَانِيَّةُ The Syriac language.]

سَرَّآءٌ One who journeys much, or often, by night. (K.) سَارٍ Journeying, or travelling, by night, or in the night, in a general sense: (M, TA: *) pl. سُرَاةٌ. (TA.) b2: Hence, because of his going [about] by night, (TA,) السَّارِى signifies The lion; as also ↓ المُسَارِى and ↓ المُسْتَرِى. (K, TA.) سَارِيَةٌ A party, or company of men, journeying by night. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b2: And A cloud that comes by night: (S, Msb:) or clouds that travel by night: (K:) or a cloud that is between that which comes in the early morning and that which comes in the evening: [perhaps thus termed as having previously travelled in the night:] or, accord. to Lh, a rain that comes in the night: (M, TA:) pl. سَوَارِى [app. a mistranscription for سَوَارٍ, being indeterminate]. (K, TA.) b3: One says, جَآءَ صَبِيحَةَ سَارِيَةٍ He came in the morning of a night in which was rain. (TA.) b4: and the pl. السَّارِيَاتُ signifies The asses: (M:) or the wild asses: (TA:) because they rest not by night: (M:) or because they pasture by night. (TA.) A2: Also A column, syn. أُسْطُوَانَةٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) of stone, or of baked bricks; so in the “ Bári': ” (TA:) pl. سَوَارٍ. (Mgh.) b2: [And A mast: see حَنَّ and صَرَّ: and see also صَارِيَةٌ.]

أَسْرَى [More, and most, used to night-journeying]. أَسْرَى مِنْ قُنْفُذٍ [More used to go about by night than a hedge-hog] is a prov. of the Arabs. (TA.) [See also the same word in art. سرو.]

مَسْرًى may be a n. of place and a n. of time, [signifying A place, and a time, of night-journeying,] as well as an inf. n. (Ham p. 23.) It is [used also in a larger sense, as] syn. with مَذْهَبٌ [A place, and a time, of going &c.: a way by which one goes &c.]. (Har p. 540.) المُسَارِى: see سَارٍ, above.

المُسْتَرَى: see سَارٍ, above.

المُتَسَرِّى He who goes forth in, or among, the [company termed] سَرِيَّة. (IAth, TA.)

نسر

1 نَسَرَ, aor. ـُ (S, M, K) and نَسِرَ, (M, K,) inf. n. نَسْرٌ, (S, M, K,) He (a bird, M, K, or a hawk or falcon, S, [or other bird, see نَسْرٌ below,]) plucked flesh (S, M, K) with his beak. (S, TA.) You say also, نَسَرَهُ بِمِنْسَرِهِ, meaning, He (a hawk or falcon [or other bird]) plucked his flesh with his beak. (A.) A2: [Hence,] نَسَرَهُ (tropical:) He blamed him; found fault with him; spoke evil of him behind his back, or in his absence, saying of him what would grieve him if he heard it. (A.) 10 استنسر He (the بَغَاث [or ignoble bird, or most ignoble of birds,] S, M) became a نَسْر [or vulture]: (M:) or became like the نَسْر (S, K) in strength. (K.) Hence the proverb, إِنَّ البَغَاثَ بِأَرْضِنَا يَسْتَنْسِرُ [Verily the most ignoble bird, or most ignoble birds, in our land becomes like the vulture, or become like vultures]: (S, M:) meaning, the weak among us becomes strong. (S.) See also art. بغث.

نَسْرٌ (S, M, Msb, K, &c.) and sometimes ↓ نِسْرٌ [agreeably with the modern general pronunciation] and ↓ نُسْرٌ, (Sheykh-el-Islám Zekereeyà, in his Comm. on the Expos. of Bd,) but this is very strange, (MF,) [The vulture; app. any vulture, whatever be its species or variety, known to the Arabs, except the رَخَم, or aquiline vulture; and said to be applied by some of the Arabs to the eagle; (see also نُــسَارِيَّةٌ;) agreeing with the Hebrew נֶשֶׁר, which is plainly applied to the former bird in Micah, i. 16, and probably in other instances;] a certain bird, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) well known; (A, Msb;) so called because it plucks (يَنْسُِرُ) a thing, and swallows it, (A, and so in some copies of the K,) or, and pulls it out (so in some copies of the K,) or, and chases and captures it; (so in some copies of the K; the various readings being وَيَبْتَلِعُهُ and وَيَقْتَلِعُهُ and وَيَقْتَنِصُهُ;) it is said that it has no مِخْلَب [or talon], but only the ظُفْر [or nail], like that of the domestic cock and hen, and of the crow and the like, and of the رَخَمَة [or aquiline vulture]: (S:) the bird called in Persian كَرْكَشْ, which eats carcases until it is unable to fly, and is said to live a thousand years: (Kzw:) AHn asserts, that the نسر is a bird of the description called عِتَاق; [which is a term applied to birds of prey, and to noble birds, (in a sense wider than that in which this appellation is used in English falconry,) and especially to eagles;] but [ISd says] I know not how that is: (M:) pl. (of pauc., S) أَنْسُرٌ and (of mult., S) نُسُورٌ. (S, M, Msb, K.) b2: النَّسْرُ الوَاقِعُ (assumed tropical:) [The Falling, or Alighting, Vulture,] and النَّسْرُ الطَّائِرُ (assumed tropical:) [The Flying Vulture,] are two stars or asterisms, (S, * M, A, Msb, K,) well-known, (M,) which together are called النَّسْرَانِ [the Two Vultures], (M, A,) and each of which alone is called النَّسْرُ (M, Msb, K) and نَسْرٌ; (M;) being likened to the bird so named: (M:) the former is the bright star [a] in the constellation الشَّلْيَاقُ [or Lyra] likened by the Arabs to a vulture (نسر) that has contracted its wings to itself, as though it had alighted upon something: and the latter consists of the three well-known stars [a and b and g] in the constellation العُقَابُ [or Aquila]: (Kzw:) [The former rose heliacally, about the epoch of the Flight, in central Arabia, on the 25th of November, O. S., with the Eighteenth Mansion of the Moon, which is a of Scorpio; and the latter, on the 28th of December, O. S.: and both set, together, anti-heliacally, at that period and in that part, on the 24th of July, O. S. See نَوْءٌ, and دَبُورٌ.]

A2: نَسْرٌ (S, M, Msb) and النَّسْرُ, (S, M, K,) the latter occurring in a verse cited in art. عز, (S,) A certain idol, (S, M, Msb, K,) belonging to Dhu-l-Kelaa, (S, Msb, K,) in the land of Himyer, (S, K,) as يَغُوثُ did to Medhhij, and يَعُوقُ to Hemdán, of the idols of the people of Noah, (S,) all of which are mentioned in the Kur, lxxii. 22 and 23: (S, M:) or a certain good man, who lived between Adam and Noah, and of whom, after his death, was made an image, which, after a long time, became an object of worship; like وَدٌّ and سُوَاعٌ and يَغُوثُ, and يَعُوقُ, mentioned therewith in the Kur, ubi supra. (Bd.) A3: Also, نَسْرٌ [The frog, or frush, of the hoof of a horse or ass or mule; thus called in the present day;] a portion of tough flesh, [or rather a horny substance,] in the بطْن [or sole] of the solid hoof, as though it were a datestone, [which it resembles in substance,] or a pebble: (S:) or the flesh of the solid hoof, which the poets liken to date-stones: (T:) or a portion of flesh, (K,) or of hard flesh, (M,) in the بَاطِن [or sole, or inner part,] of the solid hoof, (M, K, TA,) as though it were a pebble, or a date-stone, (TA:) or what rises in the باطن of the hoof of the horse, from, or of, the upper part thereof: (M, K:) or the باطن itself of the solid hoof: (M:) pl. نُسُورٌ, (M, K,) which Aboo-Sa'eed explains as signifying the prominences in the بَطْن [or sole] of the solid hoof, which are likened to date-stones because of their hardness, and which do not touch the ground. (TA.) Hence the saying, حَافِرٌ صُلْبُ النُّسُورِ [A solid hoof hard in the frog: the sing. and pl. being used indiscriminately]. (TA.) نُسْرٌ: see نَسْرٌ, first signification.

نِسْرٌ: see نَسْرٌ, first signification.

نِسْرِينٌ [The wild rose, dog-rose, eglantine, or sweet brier: so in the present day: and, accord. to Spreng., Hist. Rei Herb., cited by Freytag, the jonquil:] a well-known rose; (K;) a well-known sweet-smelling flower; (Msb;) a species of sweetsmelling flower; (M;) a Persian word, (M, Msb,) arabicized: (Msb:) of the measure فِعْلِيل; and, if so, the [final] ن is radical: or of the measure فِعلِينٌ; and if so, that letter is augmentative: Az says, I know not whether it be Arabic or not. (Msb.) نُــسَارِيَّةٌ The eagle; syn. عُقَابٌ: (IAar, K:) likened to the نَسْر. (IAar, TA.) [Hence it appears that, accord. to IAar, the نَسْر is not the eagle.]

نَاسُورٌ (also written with ص, S, Msb,) A certain disease that happens in the inner angles of the eyes, (S, Msb, K,) with an incessant defluxion therefrom: (S, TA:) and sometimes it happens also in the part around the anus: and in the gum: (S, Msb:) or it signifies also a certain disease in the part around the anus: and a certain disease in the gum: (K:) and is an arabicized word [from the Persian]: (S, Msb:) نَوَاصِير, pl. of نَاصُورٌ, accord. to certain of the physicians, is a term applied to deep ulcers in the anus, at the extremity of the gut. (Msb, art. نصر.) b2: Also, A vein constantly becoming recrudescent, (عِرْقٌ غَبِرٌ,) with an incessant defluxion; (S, K;) corrupt within; whenever its upper part heals, breaking forth again with corruption. (TA.) See also غَرْبٌ.

مِنْسَرٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ مَنْسِرٌ, (Msb, K,) or the former only, (Az,) The beak of a bird (S, A, Msb, K) of prey; (S, Msb;) or of a hawk or falcon; (A;) that of any other bird being called مِنْقَارٌ. (S, Msb.) A2: [Hence,] ↓ both words also signify (assumed tropical:) A portion of an army that goes before the main army: (S, K:) [likened to the beak of a bird of prey; as the side bodies are likened to the wings:] and a troop of horse or horsemen in number from thirty to forty: or from forty to fifty: or from forty to sixty: (M, K:) or from a hundred to two hundred: (M, Msb, K:) or a troop of horse or horsemen: (El-Farábee, Msb:) or an army that does not pass by anything without snatching it away. (Msb.) مَنْسِرٌ: see مِنْسَرٌ, throughout.

زنم

2 تَزْنِيمٌ [inf. n. of زنّم] The cutting a small portion of the ear of a camel or other animal, and leaving it hanging thereto. (KL. [See زَنَمَةٌ.]) b2: [And hence,] The act of marking with a sign or token. (KL. [See also the same word as a subst. properly so termed, expl. below.]) b3: And The conjoining any one with a people, or party, to which he does not belong. (KL.) b4: زَنَّمُوا إِلَىَّ هٰذَا الخَصْمُ, (inf. n. تَزْنِيمٌ, TA,) They sent to me this adversary in order that he might contend in an altercation, dispute, or litigate, with me. (K.) 4 ازنم الشَّجَرُ (tropical:) The tress had a ↓ زَنَمَة (K, TA) [i. e. an excrescence] resembling the زَنَمَة of the شَاة [app. here meaning sheep as well as goat; though sheep are said in the S, and in one place in the TA, to have no زَنَمَة]. (TA.) زَنَمٌ The [projecting] thing that is behind the cloven hoof; also called زَلَمٌ; (S, K;) of which it is a dial. var. (S.) زَنِمٌ A camel having a ↓ زَنَمَة, i. e. a thing [or portion] of the ear cut (S, K) and left hanging down [therefrom], (S,) which is done to camels of generous race (S, K) only; (S;) as also ↓ أَزْنَمُ and ↓ مُزَنَّمٌ: fem. زَنِمَةٌ and ↓ زَنْمَآءُ and ↓ مُزَنَّمَةٌ: (S, K:) pl. of pauc. أَزْنُمُ and زَنِمَاتٌ. (Yákoot, TA.) [See also أَزْلَمُ.] b2: ضَائِنَةٌ زَنِمَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A ewe that is held in high estimation; [not signifying having a زَنَمَة, as meaning “ having a kind of wattle; ”] for [it is asserted that] the sheep has no زَنَمَة; that pertaining only to the goat. (S. [But see زَنَمَةٌ.]) هُوَ العَبْدُ زَنْمَةً and ↓ زُنْمَةً and ↓ زَنَمَةً and ↓ زُنَمَةً (S, K) i. q. زَلْمَةً &c., (K,) He is one whose proportion, or conformation, is that of the slave: or, as Ks says, (or Lh, TA,) the meaning is, truly. (S.) [See also زَلْمَة.] b2: زَنْمَتَا الفُوقِ: see زَنَمَةٌ.

زُنْمَة: see what next precedes.

A2: زُنْمَةٌ also signifies A certain tree, having no leaves, as though it were the زَنَمَة of the شَاة [app. here meaning sheep as well as goat: see زَنَمَةٌ]. (TA.) زَنَمَةٌ of the ear of a camel: see زَنِمٌ: but accord. to El-Ahmar, it is a mark made by cutting off a portion of the ear. (TA.) b2: [Of the ear of a man, it is app. The antitragus and also a small prominence of the antihelix immediately above the antitragus: for it is said that] زَنَمَتَا الأُذُنِ signifies two small things (هَنَتَانِ) next to the شَحُمَة [or lobule], opposite to the وَتَرَة [an evident mistranscription for وَتِدَة i. e. tragus]. (K. [So in all the copies that I have seen.]) b3: Also [A kind of wattle, i. e.] a thing, (Msb,) or piece of flesh, (TA,) hanging from the حَلْق [here meaning throat, externally], (Msb, TA,) beneath each ear, (S and A and K in art. رعث,] of the شَاة [i. e., app., sheep as well as goat; though it is said in the S that “ the sheep has no زَنَمَة; that pertaining only to the goat; ” app. because it is uncommon in sheep]. (TA.) [See also زَلَمَةٌ; and see رَعِثَتْ and رَعْثَةٌ and رَعْثَآءُ.] b4: To this is likened the زَنَمَة of a tree: see 4. (TA.) b5: And [as the زَنَمَة of the ear of a camel, or of a goat or sheep, serves to distinguish it,] it signifies also (assumed tropical:) A mark, sign, or token. (TA.) b6: زَنَمَتَا الفُوقِ (tropical:) The two edges [or cusps] of the notch of an arrow, (Msb, K, TA,) between which is put the bow-string; (Msb, TA;) as also الفوق ↓ زَنْمَتَا; (K;) but the former is the more chaste: (TA:) also called شَرْخَا الفُوقِ. (S in art. شرخ, and A and TA.) b7: See also أُذُنَا القَلْبِ, voce أُذُنٌ. b8: الزَّنَمَةُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) A certain herb, or leguminous plant, (K, TA,) of which AHn had heard mention made, but remembered not any description: it is said to grow in plain, or soft, tracts, and in the form of the زَنَمَة of the ear; to have leaves; and to be one of the worst of plants. (TA.) b9: See also زَنْمَة.

زُنَمَة: see زَنْمَة.

زُنَامٌ A calamity, misfortune, or evil accident. (K.) A2: See also زُنَامِىٌّ.

زَنِيمٌ, applied to a goat, [and app. to a sheep also,] Having [two wattles, such as are termed]

زَنَمَتَانِ [of which see the sing., زَنَمَةٌ]; as also ↓ مُزَنَّمٌ. (TA.) b2: Also, and ↓ مُزَنَّمٌ, (tropical:) One adopted among a people to whom he does not belong, (Fr in explanation of the former word as used in the Kur lxviii. 13, and S and K,) to which some add, (TA,) not being needed; as though he were a زَنَمَة among them: (S, TA:) and i. q. دَعِىٌّ [as meaning likewise one who is adopted among a people or by a person (though understood in some other sense by F)]; (Mbr, Mgh, Msb, TA;) conjoined [with them or him]: thus the former was expl. by I 'Ab as used in the Kur ubi suprà: (Mbr, TA:) but Az says that the latter word has only the meaning assigned to it above, voce زَنِمٌ as an epithet applied to a camel. (TA.) And the former word, (tropical:) Base, ignoble, or mean; known by his baseness, ignobleness, or meanness, (S, K, TA,) or his evil character, (K, TA,) like as the شَاة [i. e. sheep or goat] is known by its زَنَمَة: (S, TA: [in the latter of which is added, “because the cutting of the ear is a mark: ” but by its زنمة is here meant “ its wattle; ” for the cutting of the ear of the camel is a mark of generous race:]) thus expl. by 'Ikrimeh as used in the Kur ubi suprà. (S.) And (assumed tropical:) The son of an adulteress or a fornicatress. (TA.) b3: Also A commissioned agent, a factor, or a deputy. (TA.) b4: الأَبَدُّ الزَّنِيمُ The lion. (M and K in art. بد, q. v.) نَاىٌ زُنَامِىٌّ A ناى [or flute], so called because invented by ↓ زُنَام, a skilful زَمَّار [or player upon the musical reed] in the service of Er-Rasheed and El-Moatasim and El-Wáthik: vulgarly called زُلَامِىّ; said by Esh-Shereeshee to be thus miscalled by the common people of the West. (TA.) أَزْنَمُ, and its fem. (زَنْمَآءُ): see زَنِمٌ. b2: الأَزْنَمُ الجَذَعُ i. q. الأَزْلَمُ الجَذَعُ [q. v.]; (K, TA;) meaning (tropical:) Time, or fortune, to which trials are appendant: or, as some say, hard, or rigorous, in its course. (TA.) A2: See also what next follows.

أَزْنَمِىٌّ A camel of those called الأَزْنَمِيَّةُ; thus called in relation to [a sub-tribe (بَطْن) of بَنُو يَرْبُوعٍ or of تَمِيم named] ↓ بَنُو أَزْنَمَ. (IAar, TA.) تَزْنِيمٌ inf. n. of 2 [q. v.]. (TA.) b2: And also a subst. like تَنْبِيتٌ and تَمْتِينٌ, signifying A certain mark of camels. (TA.) مُزَنَّمٌ, and its fem. (with ة): see زَنِمٌ. b2: See also زَنِيمٌ, in two places. b3: Also Small in body; like مُزَلَّمٌ. (IAar, TA in art. زلم.) b4: Also The young ones of camels. (S, K.) b5: And A certain stallion [-camel]; (S, K;) accord. to some, who read thus, in a verse of Zuheyr, مَغَانِمُ شَتَّى مِنْ إِفَالِ مُزَنَّمِ [Sundry spoils consisting of the young camels the offspring of Muzennem]: (S:) thus A'Obeyd read, instead of إِفَالٍ مُزَنَّمِ, in which the latter word is used for مُزَنَّمَةٍ, [by poetic license,] because إِفَالٌ is of a measure common to masc. and fem. words. (EM p. 120.)

بسر

1 بَسَرَ He took anything when it was fresh, juicy, moist, or not flaccid; (TA;) as also ↓ ابتسر [which is more commonly used]. (M, K, * TA.) [Hence,] بَسَرْبُ النَّبَاتَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. بَسْرٌ, I pastured [beasts] upon the herbage when it was fresh and juicy, I being the first to do so. (TA.) b2: Also, (K,) aor. as above, (TA,) and so the inf. n., (M,) i. q. أَعْجَلَ [as meaning (assumed tropical:) He was quick, or beforehand, or before the proper time, with a person or thing, or in doing, or seeking, a thing]. (M, K.) [Hence,] بَسَرَ النَّاقَةَ, (As, S, M, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above; (M;) and ↓ ابتسرها, (S, A,) and ↓ تبسّرها; (T;) (tropical:) He (the stallion) covered the she-camel without her desiring it: (As, S, A:) or before she desired it. (M, K.) And in like manner, بَسَرَ and ↓ تبسّر (tropical:) He (a stallion) covered a mare when she had only begun to feel the excitement of desire. (TA.) And ↓ ابتسر الجَارِيَةَ (tropical:) He deflowered the girl before she had attained to puberty. (A, and Msb in art. قض.) And بَسَرَ and ↓ ابتسر (assumed tropical:) He fecundated a palm-tree before the proper time for doing so. (M, K.) And بَسَرَ السِّقَآءَ, (K,) inf. n. as above, (S,) (assumed tropical:) He drank the milk of the skin, (K,) or gave it to be drunk, (S,) before it had become thick, and fit for churning. (S, K.) And بَسَرَ, (M, K,) aor. as above, (M, A,) and so the inf. n., (S, M,) (tropical:) He broke a pustule: (A:) or he squeezed a pustule, or a boil, before it was ripe: (TA:) or he laid it open by peeling off its crust, or scab, before it was ripe; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ ابسر. (K.) And, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) He dug rivers when water was scarce: or sought for, or after, water [when it was scarce]: and so, accord. to Az, ↓ تبسّر. (L. [But for اذا عرا الماء او طابه, as part of the explanation, I read إِذَا عَزَّ المَاءُ أَوْ طَلَبَهُ.]) And بَسَرَ النَّهْرَ (assumed tropical:) He dug a well in [the bed of] the river, it being dry. (L. [But here, for و هو صاف, I read و هو جَافٌّ.]) Also بَسَرَ, (S, M, K,) aor. as above, (M,) and inf. n. as above (S, M) and بِسَارٌ; (M;) and ↓ ابتسر (M, A, K) and ↓ تبسّر and ↓ ابسر; (M, K;) (tropical:) He sought, sought for or after, demanded, or desired, a thing that he wanted, or needed, in an improper time: (M, K:) or in an improper place: (S, M:) or in an improper manner: (JM:) or before its time. (A.) And the first of these verbs, (tropical:) He required a debt to be paid before the time when it was due. (K, TA.) And (tropical:) He required his debtor to pay a debt before the time when it was due: from بَسَرَ النَّاقَةَ, explained above. (Sh, TA.) b3: Also, inf. n. بَسْرٌ, (assumed tropical:) He began a thing; and so ↓ ابتسر. (K.) And بَسَرَ بِهِ (TK) and به ↓ ابتسر (TA, TK) (assumed tropical:) He began with it. (TA, TK.) A2: Also, aor. ـُ inf. n. بَسْرٌ, He mixed بُسْر [or fullgrown unripe dates] with others, in beverage of the kind called نَبِيذ: the doing of which is forbidden in a trad.: (S:) or he mixed بُسْر with fresh ripe dates, or with dry dates, and made with them both together that kind of beverage. (TA.) And بَسَرَ تَمْرًا, (M, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above; and ↓ بسّرهُ (M) and ↓ ابسرهُ; (K;) He made, of dry dates, that kind of beverage, and mixed بُسْر with it. (M, K.) A3: Also, (M, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. بَسْرٌ and بُسُورٌ, (M,) He frowned; contracted his face; or grinned, or displayed his teeth, frowning, or contracting his face, or looking sternly, austerely, or morosely; (M, K;) as also بَسَرَ وَجْهَهُ, inf. n. بُسُوزٌ: (S:) or he did so excessively: (Jel in lxxiv. 22:) or he looked with intense dislike or hatred. (TA.) 2 بَسَّرَ see 1; last sentence but one.3 بَاسَرَتْ, inf. n. مُبَاسَرَةٌ, (assumed tropical:) She (a mare) desired the stallion when she had only begun to feel the excitement of lust. (AO.) 4 ايسر: see 1, in three places. b2: Also (assumed tropical:) He dug in ground that had not been dug before. (K.) A2: ابسرالنَّخْلُ The palm-trees had dates in the state in which they are called بُسْر: (S, M: *) or produced dates that did not ripen. (TA.) 5 تبسّر: see 1, in four places. It signifies also (assumed tropical:) He sought for, or after, fresh water recently produced by rain. (S. [See بُسْرٌ.]) And (assumed tropical:) He dug for plants before they came forth: (M, TA:) [or] تبسّر نَبَاتًا has this meaning. (TA.) and (assumed tropical:) He (a [wild] bull) came to the roots of dry plants, and ate them. (K.) 8 ابتسر: see 1, in seven places.

A2: اُبْتُسِرَ لَوْنُهُ (tropical:) His colour changed, (K, TA,) and became like that of بُسْر [or full-grown unripe dates]. (TA.) بَسْرٌ: see بُسْرٌ: A2: and see also بَاسِرٌ.

بُسْرٌ Anything fresh, juicy, moist, not flaccid. (IF, M, Msb, K.) You say نَبَاتٌ بُسْرٌ A fresh plant: (Msb:) or a plant that has risen from the surface of the ground, but not grown tall; because it is then fresh and juicy: (TA:) or such is called بُسْرَةٌ [fem. of بُسْرٌ]; as also what is fresh, juicy, moist, or not flaccid, of the plant called بُهْمَى. (M.) A plant, or herbage, when it first appears in the ground is termed بَارِضٌ; then, جَمِيمٌ; then, بُسْرَةٌ; then, صَمْعَآءُ; and then, [when it is dry,] بَسْرٌ. (S.) b2: Fresh water, (S, M, K,) recently produced by rain; (S, M;) as also ↓ بَسْرٌ: (M:) or this latter signifies cold, or cool, water: (K:) pl. of the former بِسَارٌ; (S, K;) like as رِمَاحٌ is pl. of رُمْحٌ. (S.) b3: (tropical:) A young, or youthful, man, and woman: (K, TA:) or young, or youthful, and fresh; fem. with ة: (M, A:) applied, respectively, to a man and a woman; (M;) or to a boy and a girl. (A.) b4: And, with ة, (tropical:) The sun when it has just risen, (S, K, TA,) and is red, and not yet clear. (A, * TA.) [Accord. to the A, this meaning seems to be derived from that next following.] b5: بُسْرٌ and ↓ بُسُرٌ (S, M, K) [the former, only, mentioned in the A and Msb &c., as the latter is rare; coll. gen. ns., signifying Fullgrown] unripe dates; dates before they have become رُطَب; (M, K;) dates that have become coloured, but have not become ripe; (TA;) dates that have begun to colour, i. e., to become red or yellow; (Msb in art. بُلح;) dates beginning to ripen: (IAth, TA in art. بلح:) so called because fresh and juicy, and not flaccid: (M:) n. un.

بُسْرَةٌ and بُسُرَةٌ: (S, M, K:) pl. بُسْرَاتٌ (S) [or بُسْرَةٌ] and بُسُرَاتٌ: (M:) Sb says that بُسُرَةٌ [or بُسْرَةٌ or each of these] has no broken pl.; but he allows بُسْرَان and تَمْرَان, as meaning two sorts of بُسْر and of تَكْر. (M.) [J says,] بُسْرٍ in their first stage are termed طَلْعٌ; then, خَلَالٌ; then, بَلَحٌ; then, بُسْرٌ; then, رُطَبٌ; then, تَمْرٌ: (S:) but this saying of J is not good: the original thereof is termed طلع; and when they have become organized and compact (إِذَا انْعَقَدَ), they are termed سَيَابٌ or سَيَّابٌ [accord. to different copies of the K]; and when they have become green and round, جَدَالٌ and سَرَادٌ and خَلَالٌ; and when they have become somewhat large, بَغْوٌ; and when they have become large, [or full-grown,] بُسْرٌ; then, مُخَطَّمْ; then, مُوَكِّتٌ; then, تُذْنُوبٌ; then, جُمْسَةٌ [in the CK جَمِيسَةٌ]; then, ثَعْدَهٌ and خَالِعٌ and خَالِعَةٌ; and when completely ripe, رُطَبٌ and مَعْوٌ; then, تَمْرٌ. (K.) b6: [Hence,] بُسْرَةٌ signifies also (tropical:) The head, or extremity, of the penis of a dog. (K, TA.) b7: And (assumed tropical:) A kind of bead; syn.خَرَزَةٌ. (K.) بُسُرٌ: see بُسْرٌ.

بُسْرَةٌ fem. of بُسْرٌ as an epithet, and n. un. of the same as a subst.: explained with the latter.

بُسُرَةٌ n. un. of بُسُرٌ, a dial. var. of بُسْرٌ, q. v.

بَاسِرٌ and ↓ بَسْرٌ, the latter an inf. n. used as an epithet, A face frowning; or contracted; or grinning, or displaying the teeth, with a frowning, or contraction, or a stern, an austere, or a morose, look. (M.) [See 1, last sentence.] وَوُجوهٌ يَوْمئِذٍ

بَاسِرَةٌ, in the Kur lxxv. 24, means And faces on that day shall be excessively frowning or contracted, &c.: (Jel:) or expressive of dislike or hatred, and contracted. (K.) [See also بَاسِلٌ.]

بَاسُورٌ A well-known disease; (K;) a swelling, or tumour, which nature drives to every part of the body, from a humour that comes from the anus (المَقْعَدَة), and the testicles, and the edges of the labia majora of the pudendum muliebre, and other parts; and when in the anus, attended by a swelling of the veins; (Msb;) sing. of ; (S, K;) which signifies a certain disease that arises in the anus (المقعدة), [namely, the hemorrhoids, or piles, to which this term generally applies when it is used absolutely,] and also in the inside of the nose; (S;) what resembles boils in the anus: (Mgh:) sometimes the س is changed into ص: (Mgh, Msb:) and it is said that the word is not Arabic. (Msb.) مُبْسِرٌ: see what next follows.

نَخْلَةٌ مِبْسَارٌ, (M, K,) and ↓مُبْسِرٌ without ة, as though a possessive epithet, (M,) A palm-tree of which the dates do not ripen. (M, K.) [See also 4.]

مَبْسُورٌ Affected by the disease termed بَوَاسِير, pl. of بَاسُورٌ. (TA.) مُبَاسِرَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A mare desiring the stallion (AO, K *) when she has only begun to feel the excitement of lust, (AO,) or before she is fully excited by lust. (K.) [See also مُبَاشِرٌ.]

سرو

1 سَرُوَ, (S, M, Mgh, K,) aor. ـْ (S, K;) and سَرَا, (S, M, K,) aor. as above; (S, K;) and سَرِىَ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـْ (S, K;) inf. n. سَرَاوَةٌ, (S, M, K,) of the first verb, (S, M,) and سَرْوٌ, (Sb, Lh, S, M, Mgh, K,) of the same verb, (M, Mgh,) and of the second, (S, M,) and of the third, (S,) and سَرًا and سَرَآءٌ, (M, K,) both of the third, but سَرَآءٌ, and this only, is mentioned by Lh as inf. n. of the second verb; (M;) He was, or became, possessed of liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue: (S, Mgh:) or manliness, or manly virtue, (M, K,) and (M,) or combined with, (K,) high or elevated rank or condition, nobility, dignity, honour, or glory. (M, K.) A2: سَرْوُ المَسَاقِى means The cleaning out of what are termed مَسَاقٍ [pl. of مَسْقَاةٌ or مِسْقَاةٌ, which see in art. سقى]. (TA.) A3: سَرْوٌ also signifies, like تَسْرِيَةٌ [inf. n. of ↓ سرّى], and إِسْرَآءٌ [inf. n. of ↓ اسرى], The throwing off a thing from oneself [or from another]; (K, TA;) and the pulling off a thing. (TA.) You say, سَرَوْتُ الثَّوْبَ عَنِّى, (ISk, S,) or عَنْهُ, aor. ـْ (Mgh,) inf. n. سَرْوٌ, I threw off the garment from me, (ISk, S,) or I removed the garment from over him; (Mgh;) and سَرَيْتُ is a dial. var. thereof; (S;) or سَرَا ثَوْبَهُ عَنْهُ, inf. n. سَرْوٌ; and ↓ سرّاهُ; he pulled off his garment from him: (M:) and سَرَوْتُ الجُلَّ عَنِ الفَرَسِ, (TA,) or عَنْ ظَهْرِ الفَرَسِ, (M,) and ↓ سَرَّيْتُهُ, and ↓ أَسْرَيْتُهُ, I threw off [the horse-cloth from the horse, or from the back of the horse]. (TA.) And سَرَوْتُ عَنِّى دِرْعِى [I threw off from me my coat of mail]: in this case the verb is only with و. (S.) [Hence,] عَنْهُ ↓ سُرِّىَ, (M,) or سُرِّىَ عَنْهُ الهَمُّ, (S, K, *) inf. n. تَسْرِيَةٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) Anxiety became removed from him; as also عَنْهُ ↓ انسرى الهَمُّ: (S, K, * TA:) or his anxiety became removed, or cleared away. (M, in explanation of the first of these phrases.) And عَنْهُ الخَوْفُ ↓ سُرِّىَ (assumed tropical:) Fear was made to quit him: the teshdeed denotes intensiveness. (TA.) And hence the phrase in a trad., عَنْهُ بُرَحَآءُ الوَحْىِ ↓ فَلَمَّا سُرِّىَ (assumed tropical:) [and when the vehement distress of mind arising from the oppression caused by inspiration was made to quit him]; referring to the Prophet. (Mgh.) A4: سَرَتْ, (K,) inf. n. سَرْوٌ, (TA,) said of the female locust, She laid eggs: (K:) a dial. var. of سَرَأَتْ. (TA.) 2 اليَوْمَ تَسَرَّوْنَ, said by the Prophet on the occasion of the expedition of Ohod, means Today ye shall have your سَرِىّ [or that person, among you, who is distinguished by liberality and manliness, &c.,] slain: and [accordingly] Hamzeh was then slain. (TA.) A2: See also 1, in six places.3 ساراهُ, inf. n. مُسَارَاةٌ, i. q. فَاخَرَهُ [i. e. He vied with him, or contended with him for superiority, in glory, or rather in liberality and manliness, &c.: see 1, first sentence]. (TA.) 4 اسرى He became in, or upon, land, or ground, such as is termed سَرَاة: belonging to the present art., accord. to Er-Rághib: (TA:) or he betook himself to the سَرَاة [app. meaning the mountainous tract so called]: (K and TA in art. سرى:) it is like أَنْجَدَ and أَتْهَمَ. (TA in that art.) A2: See also 1, in two places.5 تسرّى signifies تَكَلَّفَ السَّرْوَ, (S, K, * TA,) i. e. [He affected, or constrained himself, to possess liberality and manliness, &c., (see 1, first sentence,) or] high or elevated rank or condition, nobility, dignity, honour, or glory, and manliness, or manly virtue: (TA:) or it signifies أَخَذَ سُرِّيَّةً [he took a concubine-slave]: (K:) or A2: one says also, تسرّى الجَارِيَةَ [He took the girl, or young woman, as a concubine-slave], from السُّرِّيَّةُ; said by Yaakoob to be originally تَسَرَّرَ, [which see in art. سر,] from السُّرُورُ. (S.) b2: and تسرّاهُ signifies ↓ أَخَذَ أَسْرَاهُ [i. e. He took the best thereof]. (M, TA. [See also 8.]) 7 إِنْسَرَوَ see 1, in the latter part of the paragraph.8 استرى He chose, or selected, as being the best, (S, M, K,) a thing, (M,) or men, (S, K,) and camels, and sheep or goats. (S.) and اِسْتَرَيْتُهُ I took the best of it. (T, TA. [See also 5, last sentence.]) And اِسْتَارَ signifies the same as استرى, being formed from the latter by transposition. (TA.) One says, استرى المَوْتُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ, (S,) or الحَىَّ, (K,) i. e. Death chose [or took] the best of the sons of such a one, or of the tribe. (S, * K, * TA.) سَرْوٌ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, M, K, &c.) [Used as a simple subst., Liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue; &c.] b2: Hence, أَبُو السَّرْوِ (assumed tropical:) Aloes-wood, or the like, that is used for fumigation; syn. البَخُورُ. (Har p. 228.) A2: Also A part that rises from [the bottom of] a valley, and slopes down from the rugged portion of a mountain: (M, K:) or that rises from the channel in which the water flows, and slopes down from the rugged portion of a mountain: (M:) it is like a خَيْف. (S.) السَّرْوُ, (S, K,) or سَرْوُ حِمْيَرَ, occurring in a trad., is said to mean مَحَلَّةُ حِمْيَرَ [The settlement of Himyer]. (S, M, K.) A3: and A certain kind of tree, (S, M, K,) well-known; (K;) [the common, or evergreen, cypress; cupressus sempervirens of Linn.: applied thereto in the present day: (Delile's Floræ Aegypt. Illustr., no. 900:)] n. un. with ة. (S, M, K.) A4: and Certain worms that light upon plants, (M, K, TA,) and eat them: (M:) الثِّيَاب, in [some of] the copies of the K, is a mistranscription for النَّبَات: (TA:) sing. [or rather n. un.] with ة. (M.) سَرَاةٌ The back (S, M, K) of anything: (S:) pl. سَرَوَاتٌ: (S, M, K:) it has no broken pl. (M.) And The higher, or highest, part of anything: (M in the present art., and K in art. سرى:) so [for instance] of a mountain. (TA in art. سرى.) [Hence,] سَرَاةُ اليَمَنِ, (M,) or السَّرَاةُ [by way of preeminence, for سَرَاة is prefixed to the names of a number of places and of tribes, as is said in the TA in art. سرى], A certain mountain [or mountainous tract] commencing near 'Arafát and extending to Nejrán of El-Yemen: (Msb:) pl. as above. (M.) b2: The highest [or most advanced state] of the day: (TA:) [or] the state of advancement, when the sun has become somewhat high, (syn. اِرْتِفَاع,) of the day, (M, K, TA,) and so of other things; by some said to mean the middle thereof; (M;) so in the S, in relation to the day; but this is [said to be] a mistake: (TA:) in a verse of El-Bureyk El-Hudhalee, of the night: pl. as above: and the sing. also occurs used as a pl. (M.) b3: The middle of anything: pl. as above. (S.) The middle anسرىd main part of a road; (Mgh, Msb;) the hard and elevated part thereof. (K.) It is said in a trad., لَيْسَ لِلْنِّسَآءِ سَرَوَاتُ الطَّرِيقِ (S, Mgh) The back and middle of the road, (S,) or the middle and main parts thereof, (Mgh,) are not for the women; meaning that they should walk upon the side parts. (S.) b4: Accord. to Er-Rághib, A wide tract of land. (TA in art. سرى.) A2: It is also a pl., of a rare form, (S, Msb,) or a quasi-pl. n., (M, K,) of سَرِىٌّ [which see in several places]. (S, M, Msb, K.) سَرْوَةٌ n. un. of سَرْوٌ [q. v.] in two senses.

A2: See also سِرْوَةٌ.

سُرْوَةٌ: see what next follows.

سِرْوَةٌ (Th, AHn, T, S, M, K) and ↓ سُرْوَةٌ (Th, M, IAth, K) and ↓ سَرْوَةٌ (Kr, M, K) A small arrow: (S:) or a small and short arrow: or an arrow broad and long in the head; (M, K, TA;) but therewithal slender and short; with which one shoots at the butt: (TA:) or such as is round and smooth, not broad; the broad and long being termed مِعْبَلَةٌ: (M:) or the very slenderest of arrow-heads, that penetrates into the coats of mail: (Th, M:) or it [is an arrow that] penetrates into the coats of mail, for which reason it is called الدِّرْعِيَّةُ, its head entering like the needle: (T, TA:) or an arrow-head resembling an ordinary needle or a large needle: it is mentioned also in art. سرى, [as being a small, short, round and smooth arrow-head, having no breadth, and as being called سِرْوَةٌ and سِرْيَةً,] because the word belongs to that art. and to this: (M:) [see also مِرْمَاةٌ; and see سِرْوَةٌ in art. سرأ:] the pl. is سُرًى [or سِرًى?] accord. to the T, or سِرَآءٌ accord. to the S. (TA.) A2: The first (سِرْوَةٌ) also signifies The locust in its first state, when it is a larva; (S;) or in its first state of growth, when it comes forth from its egg: (M:) originally with hemz: (S:) [see سَرْءٌ, in two places:] and سِرْيَةٌ is a dial. var. thereof. (S.) [See also جَرَادٌ.]

سَرِىٌّ, as an epithet applied to a man, (S, M, K, &c.,) may be from اِسْتَرَيْتُ الشَّىْءَ “ I chose, or selected, the thing,” or from السَّرَاةُ “ the higher, or highest, part ” of a thing, (Ham p. 337,) or, accord. to Er-Rághib, from سَرَوْتُ الثَّوْبَ عَنِّى “ I pulled off the garment from me,” (TA, [in which this derivation is said to be good, but I think it far-fetched,]) Possessing liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue: (S, Mgh:) or possessing manliness, or manly virtue, (M, K,) and, (M,) or combined with, (K,) high or elevated rank or condition, nobility, dignity, honour, or glory: (M, K:) or i. q. رَئِيسٌ [meaning a chief, or person high in rank or condition]: (Msb:) [or a generous and manly or noble person:] fem. with ة: (M, K:) and ↓ مَسْرَوَانٌ signifies the same, applied to a man; and ↓ مَسْرَوَانَةٌ applied to a woman: (M:) the pl. of سَرِىٌّ is أَسْرِيَآءُ and سُرَوَآءُ (Lh, M, K) and سُرًى, (Az, K,) which is anomalous, (TA,) and سَرَاةٌ, (T, S, Mgh, * Msb,) [originally سَرَوَةٌ,] which is [also] anomalous, (T, TA,) the only instance of فَعَلَةٌ as the measure of a pl. of a word of the measure فَعِيلٌ, (S, Msb,) or it is a quasi-pl. n., (Sb, M, K,) and its pl. is سَرَوَاتٌ; (S, M, Mgh, * K;) meaning سَادَاتٌ [or chiefs, &c.]; (Mgh); and سُرَاةٌ, with damm, [originally سُرَوَةٌ,] is a dial. var. of سَرَاةٌ, as pl. [or quasi-pl. n.] of سَرِىٌّ: (IAth, TA:) the pl. of سَرِيَّةٌ is سَرِيَّاتٌ and سَرَايَا. (M, K.) Also Chosen, or choice, or select: (M:) what is good of anything; pl. [or quasi-pl. n.] سَرَاةٌ: (Ham p. 337:) the best, (Msb, TA, and Har p. 56,) and in like manner سَرَاةٌ [as a pl.]; (M, Msb, TA, and Ham p. 57, and Har ubi suprà;) the former, of men, (Har ubi suprà,) and of camels; (S;) and the latter, of men, (S, TA, and Ham ubi suprà, and Har,) and of cattle or camels and the like, (S, M, TA,) as also the former. (TA.) A2: See also art. سرى.

سُرِّيَّةٌ, said by some to be originally of the measure فُعُّولَةٌ, from سَرْوٌ: see art. سر.

أَسْرَى is of the measure أَفْعَلُ [denoting the comparative and superlative degrees] from السَّرْوُ signifying “ liberality, bountifulness, munificence, or generosity, combined with manliness, or manly virtue: ” [&c.:] whence the phrase أَسْرَاهُمْ سُودَدًا, meaning The best of them in respect of chiefdom or the like: or it may be from السُّرَى; meaning in this instance that the fame of the chiefdom, or the like, of him to whom it relates has pervaded the countries and spread among mankind; and this is more worthy of regard in respect of the method of grammatical analysis; from Mtr: (Har p. 363: [see art. سرى:]) [ISd, however, assigns the word to the present art.:] see 5, last sentence.

أَرْضٌ مَسْرُوَّةٌ A land containing the سِرْوَة, or locust in its first state, when it is a larva. (S.) [In a copy of the M, it is said to be from السَّرْوَةُ; and the context there indicates the meaning to be A land infested by a worm of the kind termed سَرْوٌ, of which سَرْوَةٌ is the n. un.: but probably السَّرْوَةُ, in this instance, is a mistranscription for السِّرْوَةُ, which is mentioned immediately after as meaning “ the locust in its first state of growth, when it comes forth from its egg. ”]

مَسْرَوَانٌ; and its fem., with ة: see سَرِىٌّ.

قسر

1 قَسَرَهُ عَلَى الأَمْرِ, (S, K,) aor. ـِ (M, S, TA,) inf. n. قَسْرٌ; (S, TA;) and عَلَيْهِ ↓ اقتسرهُ; (S, K;) He made him to do the thing against his will; (S;) he forced him to do the thing: (S, K:) or قَسَرَهُ على الامر has the former of these two significations; (TA;) and قَسَرَهُ and ↓ اقتسرهُ signify he overcame him; he overpowered, subdued, or oppressed, him; (M, TA;) and ↓ تقسّرهُ signifies the same as اقتسرهُ. (TA.) 5 تَقَسَّرَand 8: see 1.

قَسْوَرٌ (S, TA) and قَسْوَرَةٌ, (K, TA,) the former a coll. gen. n., and the latter the n. un., (M,) A certain plant, (S, M, K,) which grows in plain, or soft, land; (M, K;) a sour plant, of the kind called نَجِيل, which is like the جُمَّة [or full and long hair of the head] of a man, and becomes tall and large, of which camels are greedily fond, (AHn, M,) and which fattens them, and makes them plentiful in milk. (Az, TA.) Lth is in error in saying that the former signifies a huntsman, or hunter; for it signifies a plant, as IAar and AHn and others have said.

A2: See also قَسْوَرَةٌ, in two places.

قَسْوَرَةٌ Mighty; (M, K;) that overpowers, or subdues, others: (M, TA:) also strong; applied to a man: and courageous: (TA:) pl. قَسَاوِرُ. (M.) b2: A lion; as also ↓ قَسْوَرٌ: (S, M, K:) because he overcomes and overpowers. (TA.) So in the Kur, [lxxiv. 51,] كَأَتَّهُمْ حُمُرٌ مُسْتَنْفِرَةٌ فَرَّتْ مِنْ قَسْوَرَةٍ [As though they were asses taking fright and running away at random that have fled from a lion]. (S, M.) Or it has here the signification next following. (S.) b3: Hunters that shoot, or cast: (S, K:) sing. ↓ قَسْوَرٌ; (K;) accord. to Lth.; [and in the M it is said that ↓ قَسْوَرٌ signifies a shooter, or caster: or, accord. to some, a hunter:] but this is a mistake; for قسورة is a coll. n., having no sing.; and Fr says, that in the verse of the Kur cited above, it means shooters, or casters of missile weapons: it is also related of 'Ikrimeh, that it was said to him that قسورة signifies, in the Abyssinian language, a lion; but he said that is signification is that given above on the authority of Fr, and that the lion in the Abyssinian language is called عَنْبَسَة: and Ibn-'Arafeh says قسورة is of the measure فَعْوَلَةٌ from القَسْرُ; and that the meaning [in the Kur] is, as though they were asses made to take fright and run away by shooting or hunting &c. (TA.) Or, accord. to I'Ab, in the passage above cited, it has the signification here next following. (IKt, TA.) A2: The sound of men, (IKt, K, TA,) and their voices, or cries. (IKt, TA.) قَوْسَرَةٌ and قَوْسَرَّةٌ dial. forms of قَوْصَرَةٌ and قَوْصَرَّةٌ, which see. (M, K.)

فرط

1 فَرَطَ, (O, K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. فُرُوطٌ, (K,) He (a man, TA) preceded; went before; was, or became, before, beforehand, first, or foremost; had, or got, priority, or precedence; (O, K, TA;) as also فَرِطَ, aor. ـَ [inf. n. فَرَطٌ; which is therefore used as an epithet applied to one and to more;] (O, TA;) and so ↓ افترط, in the phrase افترط إِلَيْهِ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ [He was foremost in attaining to him in this affair]. (TA.) [See مُفْتَرِطٌ.] b2: فَرَطَ القَوْمَ, (S, O, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) or ـِ (K,) inf. n. فَرْطٌ, (S,) or فُرُوطٌ, (Msb,) or both, (O,) or the former and فَرَاطَةٌ, (M, K,) He preceded, or went before, the people, or company of men, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) to the water, (S, O,) or in search of water, (Msb,) or to come to water, (M, K,) for the purpose of preparing the buckets and ropes, (Msb,) or for the purpose of putting into a right state the watering-trough (M, K) and ropes (M, O) and buckets, (M, O, K,) i. e. to prepare these for them. (TA.) [See also 5.] b3: An Arab of the desert said to El-Hasan, عَلِّمْنِى دِينًا وَسُوطًا لَا ذَاهِبًا فُرُوطًا وَلَا سَاقِطًا سُقُوطًا, meaning Teach thou me a religion of the middle sort, not passing beyond the due mean, nor falling short of it. (TA.) b4: فَرَطَ مِنْهُ It proceeded from him hastily, before reflection, or without premeditation; [as thought it preceded his judgment;] syn. بَدَرَ, and سَبَقَ, and تَقَدَّمَ. (TA.) [See 3.] Yousay, فَرَطَ مِنْهُ كَلَامٌ, aor. ـُ Speech proceeded from him hastily, before reflection, or without premeditation; syn. سَبَقَ, and تَقَدَّمَ. (Msb.) And فَرَطَ

إِلَيْهِ مِنِّى قَوْلٌ A saying proceeded to him from me hastily, before reflection, or without premeditation; syn. سَبَقَ. (S.) And in like manner you say of an evil action. (TA.) b5: فَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ He hasted to do him an evil action: (O, TA:) he acted hastily and unjustly towards him. (S, O, TA.) Hence, in the Kur [xx. 47], إِنَّا نَخَافُ أَنْ يَفْرُطَ عَلَيْنَا Verily we fear that he may act hastily and unjustly towards us: (S:) or that he may hastily do to us an evil action: (Ibn-'Arafeh, O:) or that he may hasten to punish us. (Fr, Bd, O, Jel.) [See also 4.] فَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ also signifies He did to him what was disagreeable, or hateful, or evil; he annoyed him. (TA.) And فَرَطَ, inf. n. فُرُوطٌ, He reviled. (IKtt.) You say also فَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ فِى

القَوْلِ: see 4, latter half. b6: فَرَطَ فِيهِ: see 2, near the middle. b7: فَرَطَ فِى حَوْضِهِ: see 4, last sentence but one. b8: فَرَطَتِ النَّخْلَةُ The palm-tree was left without being fecundated until its spadix became dry and hard (عَسَا, in the CK عَشا, and in the O يَعْسُو). (O, K, * TA.) b9: And فَرَطَتِ البِئْرُ The well was left until its water had collected again. (Sh, TA.) A2: فَرَطَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولَهُ: see 2. b2: فَرَطَ وُلْدًا, or وَلَدًا, and فَرَطَ وَلَدَهُ: see 4.2 فرّطهُ, inf. n. تَفْرِيطٌ, He, or it, made him to precede; to be, or become, before, beforehand, first, or foremost; to have, or get, priority, or precedence; (TA;) as also ↓ افرطهُ. (O, TA.) b2: He emboldened him, in contention, or altercation; as also ↓ افرطهُ. (TA.) فرّط إِلَيْهِ رَسُولًا, (IDrd, O, K,) inf. n. as above, (IDrd,) He sent to him a messenger (IDrd, O, K) among his particular, or special, friends; sent him forward, or in advance, to him: (IDrd, O:) or he made him his deputy in a litigation: (O:) and رَسُولًا ↓ افرط he sent a messenger specially and expressly respecting his needful affairs: (IAar, O, L, K: *) and إِلَيْهِ رَسُولَهُ ↓ فَرَطَ he sent forward, or in advance, his messenger to him, and hastened him: (K, TA: [in the CK, instead of وَأَعْجَلَهُ, we find واَرْسَلَهُ:]) but [SM says,] I do not find this last form mentioned by any of the leading authorities. (TA.) b3: فرّطهُ also signifies He sent it before, remaining behind it: or he quitted it, and sent it before: (TA:) he left it, and quitted it: (S:) he left him; (AA;) as also ↓ افرطهُ: (Ks, S:) he left him, and became behind him; as also ↓ افرطهُ: (TA:) he left him, and went before him: (S, O, K:) and ↓ افرطهُ [has a similar meaning,] he left him behind, and forgot him: (Fr:) and he forgot it, namely a thing, or an affair: (K:) فِرَاطٌ, also, [inf. n. of ↓ فارط,] signifies the act of leaving: (TA:) and فرّط عَنْهُ he left, forsook, or relinquished, him, or it; or he abstained, or desisted, from it: (TA:) and فرّط فِيهِ he neglected it; and preferred backwardness (قَدَّمَ العَجْزِ) in it, or with respect to it; and failed, or fell short, of doing what he ought, or flagged, or was remiss, with respect to it; as also فرّطهُ; (K; [but accord. to the TA, only the former of these two phrases signifies “ he failed of doing what he ought,” &c.;]) or simply he neglected it; (ISd, TA;) or he failed of doing what he ought, or flagged, or was remiss, with respect to it, and neglected it, (S, O, Msb,) so that it escaped him; (S, O;) as also فيه ↓ فَرَطَ, (S, O, K, * [in the K, the words rendered “ so that it escaped him ” are omitted,]) aor. ـُ (S, O,) inf. n. فَرْطٌ: (S, O, K:) and فرّط alone, he flagged, or was remiss; was lazy, or indolent: (TA:) its second Pers\. sing. is used in cautioning a man against a thing before him, or in commanding him to go forward, or to advance; and is intransitive. (Sb, TA.) Sakhr-el-Gheí says, ذٰلِكَ بَزِّى فَلَنْ أُفَرِّطَهُ

أَخَافُ أَنْ يُنْجِزُوا الَّذِى وَعَدُوا That is my weapon, and I will not send it before, remaining behind it: [I fear lest they perform that which they have threatened:] or I will not quit it, nor send it before: or I will not be behind it: (TA:) or I will not neglect it. (ISd, TA.) And Sá'ideh Ibn-Ju-eiyeh says, مَعَهُ سِقَآءٌ لَا يُفَرِّطُ حَمْلَهُ With him is a skin, the carrying of which he will not leave, nor quit. (S.) You say also, فَرَّطْتُكَ فِى

كَذَا وَ كَذَا I left thee in such and such [a state, &c.]: (AA, O:) and مِنَ القَوْمِ أَحَدًا ↓ أَفْرَطْتُ I did not leave, of the people, or company of men, any one. (Ks, S, O.) And فرّط فِى جَنْبِ اللّٰهِ He neglected the things of God, and did them not: (TA:) or the command of God. (O, TA.) [See also art. جنب.] And it is said in a trad., لَيْسَ فِى النَّوْمِ تَفْرِيطٌ إِنَّمَا التَّفْرِيطُ أَنْ لَا يَصْحَى حَتَّى

يَدْخُلَ وَقْتُ الأُخْرَى [There is no falling short of one's duty in sleeping: the falling short of one's duty is only the not awaking until the time of the other (prayer) commences]. (TA.) b4: Also He let him alone, or left him, for a while; or granted him a delay, or respite; [and so ↓ فارطهُ; for]

أَطَلْتُ فِرَاطَهُمْ means I long let them alone, or left them, or granted them delay or respite. (TA.) b5: You say also, فرّط اللّٰه عَنْهُ مَا يَكْرَهُ God put away, or removed, or averted, from him what he dislikes, or hates: (Kh, S, O, K:) but this expression is seldom used except in poetry. (S, O.) A2: فرّطهُ, (O, K,) inf. n. تَفْرِيطٌ, (TA,) also signifies He praised him immoderately; (O, K, TA;) like قرّظهُ: (O, TA:) Sgh has expressed, in the TS, his fear that the former may be a mistranscription for the latter; but seems to have afterwards conceded the correctness of the former, from his mention of it in the O. (TA.) 3 فَارَطَهُمْ, (S, O, * K, * in the O and K فارطهُ,) inf. n. مُفَارَطَةٌ and فِرَاطٌ, (S,) He vied, or strove, with them, to precede them; to outgo, or outstrip, them; to get before them. (S, O, * K. *) b2: تَكَلَّمَ فِرَاطًا, (S, O, Msb, K,) the latter word being an inf. n. of فارط, (TA,) He spoke hastily; without premeditation; expl. by سَبَقَتْ مِنْهُ كَلِمَةٌ; (S, O, K;) he let fall hasty, or unpremeditated, sayings or expressions; expl. by سَقَطَ مِنْهُ بَوَادِرُ. (Msb.) b3: See also 2, in two places: b4: and see 6. b5: فارطهُ also signifies He found him; syn. أَلْفَاهُ and صَادَفَهُ: (O, K, TA:) and so فالطهُ and لافطهُ. (TA.) 4 أَفْرَطَ see 2, in seven places. b2: أَفْرَطَتْ أَوْلَادًا, (S, O,) or اولادا ↓ افترطت, (TA,) said of a woman, She sent children before her [to Paradise, by their dying in infancy]; syn. قَدَّمَتْهُمْ: (S, O, TA:) and اولادا ↓ افترط, said of a man, in like manner signifies قَدَّمَهُمْ. (TA.) And you say also, ↓ فَرَطَ وَلَدَهُ He was preceded by his child to Paradise. (IKtt.) And وُلْدًا ↓ فَرَطَ, (K, TA,) or وَلَدًا, (CK,) He lost children by their dying young: (K, TA;) as though they preceded him to Paradise; (TA;) and so فَرَطًا ↓ افترط; (Msb;) and وَلَدًا ↓ افترط; which also signifies he lost a young child by death: (TA:) or the last of these phrases, (K,) or the last but one, (S, O,) signifies he lost his child, or children, (K,) or a young child, (S, O,) by death before attaining to puberty. (S, O, K.) [See اِحْتَسَبَ.] And الوَلَدُ ↓ اُفْتُرِطَ The child's death was hastened; or was made to happen early. (Th.) b3: افرطهُ He hastened him; or made him to hasten. (S, O.) And you say also, السَّحَابَةً

تُفْرِطُ المَآءَ (assumed tropical:) The cloud hastens and forwards the water in the beginning of the [autumnal rain called] وَسْمِىّ. (TA.) And افرطت السَّحَابَةُ بِالوَسْمِيِّ (tropical:) The cloud hastened with the [rain called] وَسْمِىّ. (S, O, and the like is said in the K.) And افرط بِيَدِهِ إِلَى سَيْفِهِ لِيَسْتَلَّهُ He put his hand hastily to his sword to draw it forth. (IAar, O, K.) And افرط [alone] He hastened with an affair. (K, * TA.) And He advanced, or went forward, before tarrying, or waiting, or pausing, فِى الأَمْرِ in the affair. (TA.) b4: افرط also [very frequently] signifies He exceeded the due bounds, or just limits; or acted extravagantly, or immoderately; (S, O, Msb, K, TA;) فِى الأَمْرِ in the affair; (S, O, TA;) and فى حُبِّهِ in loving him; and فى بُغْضِهِ in hating him; (O, TA;) and فى مَدْحِهِ in praising him: (K:) it is likewise said of anything exceeding the due bounds; [meaning it was, or became, excessive, or immoderate:] and also signifies he did more than he was commanded. (TA.) You say also, عَلَيْهِ فِى القَوْلِ ↓ فَرَطَ He exceeded the due bounds, or just limits, towards him in speech. (K, TA.) And افرط فِى القَوْلِ He talked [excessively, exceedingly, immoderately, or] much. (TA.) [And, افرط عَلَيْهِ He acted insolently, or presumptuously, towards him.] b5: Also افرط عَلَيْهِ He loaded him (namely a camel, IKtt) with that which he was unable to bear. (IKtt, K.) And افرط He filled (S, O, K) a مَزَادَة (S) or a قِرْبَة (O) so that he made the water to flow: (O, K:) or a watering-trough or vessel (TA) so that it overflowed: (K, TA:) and فِى حَوْضِهِ ↓ فَرَطَ, (O, TA,) aor. ـُ (O,) inf. n. فَرْطٌ, (TA,) he filled his watering-trough: (O, TA:) or poured much water into it. (TA.) b6: And افرط النَّخْلَةَ He left the palm-tree without fecundation until its spadix became dry and hard. (O, L, K. [See 1, near the end.]) 5 تفرّط He (a horse) outwent, or got before, other horses. (S, TA.) [See also 1.] b2: See also the next paragraph.6 تفارطوا They vied, or strove, one with another, to precede, outgo, outstrip, or get before. (S, O. *) Bishr says, [using the verb transitively,] يُنَازِعْنَ الأَعِنَّةَ مُصْعَبَاتٍ

كَمَا يَتَفَارَطُ الثَّمَدَ الحَمَامُ [They contend with the reins, being unbroken and refractory, like as the pigeons vie, one with another, in striving to get first to the scanty remains of rainwater]. (S.) b2: [Hence,] تفارط فُلَانٌ Such a one preceded, or got before, and made haste. (O, K, TA.) b3: And hence, (TA,) تَفَارَطَتْهُ الهُمُومُ, (O, K, TA,) and الأُمُورُ, (O, TA,) (assumed tropical:) Anxieties, and affairs, or events, came to him [as though] vying, one with another, to be first: (K, TA:) or befell him at an indefinite time, (O, * K, * TA,) but only at such a time. (O, TA.) You say also, ↓ فَارَطَتْهُ الهُمُومُ (assumed tropical:) Anxieties ceased not to come to him at one indefinite time after another. (TA.) b4: تفارط الشَّىْءُ The time of the thing past; as also ↓ تفرّط, which occurs in a trad., relating to a time of prayer, and meaning its time passed before its being performed: (TA:) and both of these verbs are used in the sense next following in relation to a warring, or warring and plundering, expedition. (O.) The time of the thing became postponed, or delayed, so that he who desired it did not attain it. (K.) You say, تَفَارَطَتِ الصَّلَاةُ عَنْ وَقْتِهَا The prayer became delayed after its time. (TA.) 8 إِفْتَرَطَ see 1, first sentence: b2: and see 4, in five places. b3: فُلَانٌ لَا يُفْتَرَطُ إِحْسَانُهُ وَبِرُّهُ (S, K *) Such a one's beneficence and kindness are not caught at, (لَا يُفْتَرَصُ, as in a copy of the S and in the TA,) or do not pass away, (لَا يَنْقَرِضُ, as in another copy of the S,) and (S, TA) their passing away, so that one cannot avail himself of them, is not to be feared: (S, K, TA:) a saying of one of the Arabs of the desert. (TA.) فَرْطٌ Excess; extravagance; exorbitance; an exceeding degree; an exceeding of the due bounds, or just limits. (S, O, K, * TA.) You say, إِيَّاكَ وَالفَرْطَ فِى الأَمْرِ [Avoid thou, or beware thou of, excess in the affair]. (S, O.) b2: Mastery, ascendency, prevalence, or predominance: (K, TA:) as, for instance, of eager desire, and of grief. (TA.) A2: A time, whether long or short; an indefinite time; syn. حِينٌ. (S, O, K.) You say, لَقِيتُهُ فِى الفَرْطِ بَعْدَ الفَرْطِ I met him time after time. (S, O.) And أَنَا آتِيهِ الفَرْطَ I come to him, or will come to him, at some time. (TA.) b2: It also denotes one's meeting a man, (TA,) or coming to him, (K,) after some days, (K, TA,) accord. to A 'Obeyd; (TA;) not more than fifteen days, (K,) or than fifteen nights, accord. to the same, (S, O,) nor less than three. (K.) You say, أَنَا أَلْقَاهُ فِى الفَرْطِ [I meet him, or will meet him, or shall meet him, after some days]. (TA.) [But the above-mentioned restriction does not apply when it is prefixed to a noun signifying a period of time: for] you say also, أَتَيْتُهُ فَرْطَ يَوْمٍ أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ [app. meaning I came to him after a day or two days]. (S, O.) [It is said in the TA that, accord. to ISk, it is used in the saying آتِيكَ فَرْطَ يَوْمٍ أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ, and that it is a day between two days; but this seems to me to be a mistake for between a day and two days: it is afterwards said in the TA that فَرْطَ يَوْمٍ أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ means after two days; but the complete explanation should doubtless be after a day or two days.] Lebeed says, هَلِ النَّفْسُ إِلَّا مُتْعَةٌ مُسْتَعَارَةٌ تُعَارُ فَتَأْتِى رَبَّهَا فَرْطَ أَشْهُرِ [Is the soul aught but a borrowed thing to be enjoyed, which is lent, and goes to its Lord after some months?]. (S.) And an Arab said, مَضَيْتُ فَرْطَ سَاعَةٍ وَلَمْ أُومِنْ أَنْ أَنْفَلِتَ; and being asked “ What is فرط ساعة? ” he answered, “Like since thou begannest to speak: ” he meant [I went away after a little while, or a little while ago, and] by لم and what follows it, I did not feel sure of my escaping. (TA.) A3: Also A small mountain; (K;) pl., accord. to Kr, فُرُطٌ [q. v.]: (TA:) or the head of an [eminence such as is termed] أَكَمَة. (K.) b2: And the same, (K,) or ↓ فَرَطٌ, (thus as written in the O,) An erect way-mark, or thing set up for guidance to the right way: (O, K:) pl. أَفْرُطٌ and أَفْرَاطٌ: (K:) [but] it is said in the A that بَدَتْ لَنَا أَفْرَاطُ المَفَازَةِ is a tropical saying, signifying مَا اسْتَقْدَمَ مِنْ أَعْلَامِهَا [as though meaning (tropical:) The foremost of the way-marks of the desert, or waterless desert, appeared to us]. (TA.) فُرْطٌ: see فُرُطٌ, near the end.

فَرَطٌ A person who goes before, or in advance of, others, to the water, (S, Mgh, K,) or who is sent before, or in advance, to seek water, (Msb,) and who prepares for them the ropes and buckets, (S, O, Msb,) and plasters with mud [in one copy of the S and fills] the watering-troughs, and draws water for them; (S, TA;) as also ↓ فَارِطٌ; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, TA;) being of the measure فَعَلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ, (S, Msb, TA,) like تَبَعٌ in the sense of تَابِعٌ: (S, TA:) and a number of persons who perform that office; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ فُرَّاطٌ, (S, Msb, K, TA,) pl. of فَارِطٌ: (Msb, TA:) you say رَجُلٌ فَرَطٌ and قَوْمٌ فَرَطٌ. (S, Msb.) It is said in a trad., أَنَا فَرَطُكُمْ عَلَى الحَوْضِ [I shall be your preceder to the pool of Paradise]. (S, O.) b2: See also فَارِطٌ. b3: [Hence,] (tropical:) A child [that dies] not having attained to puberty: (K, TA:) [whence the phrase اِفْتَرَطَ فَرَطًا: see 4:] pl. أَفْرَاطٌ: or فَرَطٌ is both sing. and pl. [in this sense]. (TA.) b4: Hence also, (S, Msb,) (tropical:) A reward, or recompense, prepared in advance, or beforehand: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) and a work, or an action, of the same kind. (K.) You say, of an infant that has died, (S, Msb,) اَللّٰهُمَّ اجْعَلْهُ لَنَا فَرَطًا O God, make him to be a [cause of] reward, or recompense, prepared in advance, or beforehand, for us. (S, Mgh, Msb.) b5: [Hence also,] (tropical:) Water [at which one arrives] in advance of other waters. (K, TA.) b6: [Hence also,] أَفْرَاطُ الصُّبْحِ, (S, O,) or الصَّبَاحِ, (K,) (tropical:) The annunciations, or foretokens, (K,) or the beginnings of the annunciations or foretokens, (S, O,) of the daybreak: (S, O, K:) sing. فَرَطٌ. (Lth, TA.) b7: See also فَرْطٌ, last sentence.

A2: Also Haste. (TA.) b2: See also the next paragraph.

فُرُطٌ A swift horse; (S, O, K;) one that precedes, outgoes, outstrips, or gets before, others: (S, A, O:) pl. أَفْرَاطٌ. (L, TA.) b2: A case, or an affair, in which the due bounds, or just limits, are exceeded: (S, O, K:) or neglected; (S, * TA;) as also ↓ فَرَطٌ: (TA:) or despised and neglected. (AHeyth, O, TA.) You say, كُلُّ أَمْرِ فُلَانٍ فُرُطٌ The whole of the case of such a person is one in which the due bounds, or just limits, are exceeded. (A, TA.) And it is said in the Kur [xviii. 27], وَكَانَ

أَمْرُهُ فُرُطًا, meaning, And whose case is one in which the due bounds, or just limits, are exceeded: (S, O:) or in which obedience is neglected and unheeded: (TA:) or [one of] preference of backwardness (تَقْدِيمُ العَجْزِ): (Zj:) or [one of] repentance: or, accord. to some, the meaning is that which here next follows: (O, TA:) wrongdoing; injustice; transgression: (O, K, TA:) some say also, that it means hastening, or acceleration. (TA.) A2: فُرُطٌ (S, O) and ↓ فُرْطٌ (O) An [eminence such as is termed] أَكَمَة, resembling a mountain: (S, O:) or the second, accord. to Zbd, the base (سَفْح) of a mountain: (TA:) pl. أَفْرَاطٌ (Zbd, S, O) and أَفْرُطٌ. (O.) [See also فَرْطٌ, last sentence but one.]

فَرْطَةٌ A single act of going forth; (S, O, K;) and of preceding, or going before. (S, O.) b2: [A hasty, or an unpremeditated, saying, or action: pl. فَرَطَاتٌ. (See 1 and 3.)] You say, اَللّٰهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِى فَرَطَاتِى, i. e. مَا فَرَطَ مِنِّى [meaning, O God, forgive me my hasty, or unpremeditated, sayings, or actions]: (TA:) [or my acts of hastiness, or forwardness, and transgression: for] الفَرْطَةُ فِى

الدِّينِ [unless we should in this instance read الفُرْطَة, as the Turkish translator of the K has done,] signifies hastiness, or forwardness, and transgression, in religion. (TA.) فُرْطَةٌ The act of going forth; (S, O, K; *) and of preceding, or going before. (S, O.) Hence the saying of Umm-Selemeh, to 'Áïsheh, نَهَاكِ عَنِ الفُرْطَةِ فِى البِلَادِ [He (referring to Mohammad) forbade thee from going forth into the country, or provinces]. (S, O.) And فُلَانٌ ذُو فُرْطَةٍ فِى

البِلَادِ Such a one is a person who makes many journeys. (TA.) فَرَطِىٌّ and فُرَطِىٌّ, (Ibn-'Abbád, K,) but the latter is said in the Moheet to be with damm, [which most probably means that it is فُرْطِىٌّ, and it is thus written in the O,] (TA,) applied to a camel and to a man, Untractable, refractory, or stubborn; (Ibn-'Abbád, K;) not rendered manageable or submissive. (TA.) فِرَاطٌ (S, O) and ↓ فُرَاطَةٌ, like ثُمَامَةٌ, or ↓ فِرَاطَةٌ, (so in the O,) Water that is for him, of the tribes, who first arrives at it; (S, O;) water that is common property among a number of tribes, and is for him who first arrives at it: (O, K:) and in like manner the latter word applied to a well. (TA.) You say, بَيْنَ بَنِى فُلَانٍ ↓ هٰذَا مآءٌ فُرَاطَةٌ وَبَنِى فُلَانٍ, meaning, [This is water between the sons of such a one and the sons of such a one, so that] whichever of them arrives at it first waters [his beasts] and the others do not throng him. (TA.) فُِرَاطَةٌ: see فِرَاطٌ, in three places.

فَارِطٌ Preceding; going before; being, or becoming, before, beforehand, first, or foremost; having, or getting, priority, or precedence: pl. فُرَّاطٌ. (TA.) b2: See the sing. and pl. voce فَرَطٌ, first sentence. b3: فُرَّاطُ القَطَا The foremost of the [birds called] قطا [meaning sand-grouse], who precede the others to the valley and the water. (S, TA.) b4: فَارِطٌ also signifies One who goes before to dig the grave: pl. as above, and also فَوَارِطُ, which latter is extr., like فَوَارِسُ, pl. of فَارِسٌ, as is said in the O. (TA.) b5: And hence, (Lth, TA,) الفَارِطَانِ, (Lth, S, O, K,) in the A ↓ الفَرَطَانِ, (TA,) (tropical:) Two stars, (Lth, S, O, K,) separate, each from the other, (Lth, S, O,) before [the stars in the tail of the Bear, app. meaning the Greater Bear, called] بَنَات نَعْش, (K,) or before the bier (سَرِير) of بنات نعش: [each] being likened to the فارط who goes before a company of men to dig the grave. (Lth, O, TA.) مُفْرَطٌ Sent before, or first, or foremost. (TA.) Hence the saying in the Kur [xvi. 64], (TA,) وَأَنَّهُمْ مُفْرَطُونَ And that they shall be sent before, or first, or foremost, to the fire [of Hell], and hastened thither; (Az, O, K, TA;) this being the primary signification: (Az, O, TA:) or forgotten (Mujáhid, Fr, O) in the fire [of Hell]: (Fr:) or neglected, or left: (TA:) or forgotten, and neglected or left, in the fire: and another reading is ↓ مُفْرِطُونَ, meaning [they are] exceeding the limits assigned to them: (O, K:) and another is ↓ مُفَرِّطُونَ, meaning [falling short of their duty] to themselves, in respect of sins. (TA.) b2: [Filled, or] full; applied to a pool of water left by a torrent. (S, TA.) مُفْرِطٌ Exceeding the due bounds, or just limits; acting extravagantly; applied to a man: excessive; applied to anything; as, for instance, tallness, and shortness. (TA.) It is said in a trad. of 'Alee, ↓ لَا تَرَى الجَاهِلَ إَلَّا مُفْرِطًا أَوْ مُفَرِّطًا Thou wilt not see the ignorant otherwise than exceeding the due bounds in what he doth or falling short of what he ought therein. (TA.) See also مُفْرَطٌ.

مُفَرِّطٌ: see مُفْرَطٌ and مُفْرِطٌ.

مَفَارِطٌ The extremities of a country or the like. (TA.) فُلَانٌ مُفْتَرِطُ السِّجَالِ إِلَى العُلَى [Such a one's emulation is foremost in attaining to eminence]; i. e. he has precedence therein: [see 1, first sentence:] (TA:) said in praise of a man. (TA in art. رنق.)

يسر

1 يَسَرَ, aor. ـْ [respecting the form of which see the same verb in a different sense below,] inf. n. يَسْرٌ and يَسَرٌ [and مَيْسُورٌ (see يُسْرٌ below)], He was, or became, gentle, and tractable, submissive, manageable, or easy; (M, K;) said of a man, and of a horse: (M:) and يُسِرَ [app. signifies the same: and] is said of speech, and of a thing or an affair; signifying, [when relating to the former,] it was gentle, or [when relating to the latter,] easy; like سُعِدَ الرَّجُلُ [as syn. with سَعِدَ], and نُحِسَ [as syn. with نَحِسَ]. (Bd, xvii. 30.) See also تيسّر. b2: يَسَرَتْ, said of a woman: see أَيْسَرَتْ

A2: يَسُرَ, aor. ـُ It (a thing) was, or became, little in quantity: (A, Msb:) contemptible; paltry; of no weight or worth. (A.) A3: يَسَرَنِى, aor. ـْ (AHn, M, K,) inf. n. يَسْرٌ, (AHn, M,) He (a man, AHn, M) came on, or from the direction of, my left hand. (AHn, M, K.) See also 3.

A4: يَسَرَ, [aor. ـْ inf. n. يَسْرٌ,] He divided anything into parts, or portions. (TA.) You say, يَسَرْتُ النَّاقَةَ I divided the flesh of the she-camel into parts or portions. (TA.) And يَسَرُوا الجَزُورَ They slaughtered the she-camel and divided its limbs, (S,) or portions, (TA,) among themselves; (S, TA;) as also, accord. to Aboo-'Omar ElJarmee, ↓ إِتَّسَرُوهَا, aor. ـّ inf. n. إِتِّسَارٌ; and he adds that some people say, يَأْتَسِرُونَهَا, inf. n. انْتِسَارٌ, with hemz; and هُمْ مُؤْتَسِرُونَ; like as they say in the case of إِتَّعَدَ. (S.) Soheym Ibn-Wetheel El-Yarboo'ee says, أَقُولُ لَهُمْ بِالشِّعْبِ إِذْ يَيْسِرُونَنِى

أَلَمْ تَيْئَسُوا أَنِّى ابْنُ فَارِسِ زَهْدَمِ [I say to them, in the ravine, when they divide me among themselves, deciding what shares they shall severally have in me, Know ye not that I am the son of the rider of Zahdam, and that ye may obtain a great ransom for me?] for capture had befallen him, and they played with [gaming-] arrows for him. (S, TA. [but in the latter, instead of تَيْئَسُوا, we find تَعْلَمُوا, which signifies the same.]) You say also, ↓ إِتَّسَرُوا, aor. ـّ and يَأْتَسِرُونَ; (K;) and ↓ تَياَسَرُوا; (M, K;) They divided among themselves the slaughtered camel. (M, K.) b2: [Hence,] يَسَرَ, aor. ـْ (S, M, A, Msb, K,) in the [second] ى is not suppressed as it is in يَعِدُ and its cöordinates [having و for the first radical], (S,) and يِيسَرُ, like يِيجَلُ, in the dial. of the Benoo-Asad, (TA,) inf. n. يَسْرٌ, (M, TA,) or مَيْسِرٌ, (A,) He played at the game called المَيْسِر; (M, Msb, K;) he played with gamingarrows. (S, A, Msb.) 2 يسّرهُ, (inf. n. تَيْسِيرٌ, M, &c.) He (God, A, Msb) made it, or rendered it, easy; facilitated it. (M, A, Mgh, Msb, K.) You say, يُسِّرَتْ عَلَيْهَا الوِلَادَةُ The act of bringing forth was rendered easy to her. (A.) b2: He made his circumstances ample; he made his condition, or his way or course [لِكَذَا to such a thing], easy, or smooth: (Sb, M:) he accommodated, adapted, or disposed, him, لِلْيُسْرَى [to easy things, or affairs, or circumstances; or to the easier, or easiest, way]: (S. A, [in the latter of which this is given as a proper, not tropical, signification:]) (tropical:) he prepared, or made ready, him or it, لِكَذَا for such a thing. (A [in which this signification is said to be tropical.]) تَيْسِيرٌ relates to both good and evil: (M, K:) as in the following instances in the Kur; [xcii. 7, 10;] فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَى, and لِلْعُسْرَى, (M,) [We will facilitate, or smooth, his way, or] We will accommodate him, or adapt him, or dispose him, [to a state of ease, and to a state of difficulty, or (as explained in the TA, art. عسر,) to punishment, and a difficult case:] (S, A:) or We will prepare him for paradise, and for hell: (Jel:) or We will prepare him to return to good, or righteous, conduct, [and to persevere in evil, or unrighteous, conduct; the former leading to ease, and the latter to difficulty:] (Fr, TA:) or We will prepare him for that habit of conduct which leads to ease, such as the entering paradise, and for that which leads to difficulty, such as the entering hell: from يسّر الفَرَسَ, meaning, he prepared the horse for riding, by saddling and bridling. (Bd.) It is said in a trad. وَقَدْ يُسِّرَ لَهُ طَهُورٌ (assumed tropical:) And water for ablution had been prepared and put for him. (TA.) b3: يَسَّرَ الرَّجُلُ, (inf. n. تَيْسِيرٌ, K,) The man's camels, and his sheep or goats, brought forth with ease, (IAar, M, K), and none of them perished. (IAar, M.) b4: يَسَّرَتِ الغَنَمُ The sheep, or goats, abounded in milk, (S, M, A, K,) and in like manner, الإِبِلُ the camels, (M,) and [so in the S, M, A, but in the K or] in offspring: (S, M, A, K:) and they brought forth: and they were ready to bring forth: and they abounded. (TA.) A poet (namely Aboo-Useydeh Ed-Debeeree, TA) says, هُمَا سَيِّدَانَا يَزْعُمَانِ وإِنَّمَا يَسُودَانِنَا أَنْ يَسَّرَتْ غَنَمَا هُمَا (S, M) They two are our two chiefs, as they assert; but they are only our chiefs inasmuch as their sheep, or goats, abound in milk and in offspring. (TA.) b5: See also أَيْسَرَتْ.3 ياسرهُ, [inf. n. مُيَاسَرَةٌ] He was gentle towards him; acted gently towards him; treated him with gentleness; syn. لَايَنَهُ: (M, A, K:) he was easy, or facile, with him; syn. سَاهَلَهُ. (S, K.) Ex., cited by Th, from a poem: إِنْ يَاسَرْتَهُمْ يَسَرُوا If thou treat them with gentleness, they become gently. (M.) And يَاسَرَ الشَّرِيكَ He was easy, or facile, with the partner. (TA, from a trad.) A2: ياسر, (inf. n. مُيَاسَرَةٌ, K,) He took the left-hand side or direction; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) as also ↓ تياسر; (S, Msb, K;) which latter is the contr. of تيامن: (K:) or ↓ تَيَاسَرُوا they took the lefthand side or direction; contr. of تَيَامَنُوا. (A.) You say, يَاسِرْ بِأَصْحَابِكَ Take thou the left-hand side or direction with thy companions; (S, A;) as also تَيَاسَرْ; but some disapprove of this latter. (S.) And يَاسَرَ بِالقَوْمِ He took the left-hand side or direction with the people; as also ↓ يَسَرَ بِهِمْ aor. ـْ accord. to Sb. (M, TA.) 4 أَيْسَرَتْ She (a woman, M) brought forth with ease; she had an easy birth; (M, A, K;) as also ↓ يسّرت, (M, IKtt,) which is in like manner said of a she-camel; (M;) or, as in the copies of the K, يَسَرَتْ, without teshdeed. (TA.) One says, in praying (M, A) for a pregnant woman, (A,) أَيْسَرَتْ وَأَذْكَرَتْ May she have an easy birth, (Lh, M, A,) and may she bring forth a male child. (Lh, M.) See the contr., أَعْسَرَتْ.

A2: ايسر, (S, M, &c.,) aor. ـس in which the [radical] ى is changed into و because it is quiescent and preceded by damm, (S,) inf. n. إِيسَارٌ (M, Mgh, K) and يُسْرٌ; (M, K;) accord. to Kr and Lh, but correctly the latter is a simple subst., (M,) He became possessed of competence, or sufficiency; or of richness, or wealth, or opulence; (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) and abundance. (Msb.) A3: أَيْمَنْتُ إِبِلِى وَأَيْسَرْتُهَا I put my camels aside on the right hand and the left. (A.) 5 تيسّر It (a thing, M, Msb) was, or became, facilitated, or easy; (M, A, Msb, K, TA;) contr. of difficult, hard, strait, or intricate; (TA;) as also ↓ استيسر. (M, A, Msb, K.) Yousay, أَخَذْنَا مَا تَيَسَّرَ, and ↓ مَا اسْتَيْسَرَ, We took what was easy [of obtainment, or of attainment]. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., respecting the eleemosinary tax called وَيَجْعَلُ معَهَا شَاتَيْنِ إِنِ, زَكَاة لَهُ أَوْ عِشَرِينَ دِرْهَمًا ↓ اسْتَيْسَرَتَا And he shall put with it, or them, two sheep, or goats, if they be easy to him [to give], or twenty dirhems. (TA.) And in the Kur, [ii. 192,] مِنَ الهَدْىِ ↓ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ What is easy [to give], of camels and kine and sheep or goats: or, as some say, either a camel or a cow or a sheep or goat. (M, TA.) b2: Also, تيسّر لَهُ, (S, TA,) and له ↓ استيسر, (S, K, TA,) (assumed tropical:) It (a thing, or an affair, K) was, or became, prepared, or made ready for him: (S, K, TA:) [and he prepared himself for it.] It is said in a trad., قَدْ تَيَسَّرَا لِلْقِتَالِ (assumed tropical:) They had both prepared themselves, or made themselves ready, for fight. (TA, from a trad.) b3: تَيَسَّرَتِ البِلَادُ (tropical:) The countries became abundant in herbage, or in the goods, conveniences, or comforts, of life. (TA, from a trad.) 6 تَيَاسَرُوا [They were gentle, or acted gently, one towards another; they treated one another with gentleness: (see 3, of which it is the quasipass.)] they were easy, or facile, one with another; syn. تساهلوا; (K, * TA;) تَيَاسُرٌ is the contr. of تَعَاسُرٌ. (S, art. عسر.) It is said in a trad., تَيَاسَرُوا فِى الصَّدَاقِ Be ye easy, or facile, not exorbitant, one with another, with respect to dowry. (TA.) A2: See also 3.

A3: And see 1, latter part.8 إِيْتَسَرَ see 1, in two places.10 إِسْتَيْسَرَ see 5, in five places.

يَسْرٌ (TA) and ↓ يَسَرٌ, (M, A, K, TA,) [each an inf. n. (see 1) used as an epithet,] and يَاسِرٌ, (K, TA,) Easy and gentle in tractableness, submissiveness, or manageableness; applied to a man and to a horse: (TA:) or [simply] easy; facile; (M, A, K;) as also ↓ يُسْرٌ (TA) and يَسِيرٌ, (Msb), this last being syn. with هَيِّنٌ, (S, K,) and signifying not difficult, غَيْرُ عَسِيرٍ, (A,) and ↓ مَيْسُورٌ [respecting which see also عُسْرٌ, pl. مَيَاسِيرُ]. (A.) Hence, ↓ يَسَرَاتٌ, pl. of يَسْرَةٌ and يَسَرَةٌ, applied to the legs of a beast, signifies Easy: (M:) or light, or active, legs of a beast: (S, TA:) or light, or active, and obedient, legs of a beast of carriage: (A:) or the legs of a she-camel: and you say also, إِنَّ قَوَائِمَ هٰذَا الفَرَسِ يَسَرَاتٌ خِفَافٌ, meaning, verily the legs of this horse are obedient and light or active. (TA.) [Hence also,] وِلَادَةٌ يَسْرٌ [An easy birth, or bringing forth]. (A.) And وَلَدَتْ وَلَدَهَا يَسْرًا She brought forth her child easily: (M, K *:) said of a woman: (M:) or ↓ يَسَرًا. (CK.) and it is said in a trad., ↓ إِنَّ هٰذَا الدِّينَ يُسْرٌ Verily this religion is easy; liberal; one having little straitness. (TA.) You say also, ↓ خُذْ مَيْسُورَهُ وَدَعْ مَعْسُورَهُ [Take thou what is easy thereof, and leave thou what is difficult]. (A.) And ↓ مَيْسُورٌ is applied to a saying, or speech: (A:) so in the Kur. xvii. 30; meaning, gentle; (Bd, Jel;) easy: (Jel:) or ↓ قُوْلٌ مَيْسُورٌ means prayer for مَيْسُور, i. e., for يُسْر [q. v.]. (Bd.) b2: فَتْلٌ يَسْرٌ [The twisting a rope or cord towards the left, by rolling it against the body from right to left; or] the twisting downwards, by extending the right hand towards the body [and so rolling the rope or cord downwards against the body or thigh, which is the usual way of twisting]; (S, A *, K;) contr. of شَزْرٌ. (M, A, TA) b3: طَعْنٌ يَسْرٌ The thrusting, or piercing, [straight forward; or] opposite the face: (S, M, K:) opposed to شَزْرٌ, which is from one's right and one's left. (TA.) See an ex. voce شَزَرَهُ.

يُسْرٌ [Easiness; facility;] contr. of عُسْرٌ; (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ يُسُرٌ; (S, Msb, TA;) [and ↓ يُسْرَى; (see 3, where it is variously explained;)] and ↓ مَيْسُورٌ is the contr. of مَعْسُورٌ, [and therefore signifies as above; or easy; facile;] (S;) or this last signifies, (accord. to the lexicologists, M,) what is made easy; or facilitated; or (accord. to Sb, M, [but see مَعَقُولٌ,]) it is an inf. n. of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, (M, K,) [used in the sense of يُسْرٌ as explained above,] of the same kind as [its contr.] مَعْسُورٌ; and Abu-l-Hasan says, that this is the truth; for it has no unaugmented verb, and inf. ns. of this measure are not of verbs which are in use, but only of imaginary unaugmented triliteral-radical verbs, as in the case of مَجْلُودٌ, which is [really] from تَجَلَّدَ. (M.) For examples of يُسْرٌ, see عُسْرٌ. b2: Also, (accord. to the M; but in the K, or; and in both of these lexicons the signification here following is placed first;) and in like manner, ↓ يُسُرٌ, (K,) and ↓ يَسَارٌ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ يَسَارَةٌ, (S, K,) and ↓ مَيْسَرَةٌ, and ↓ مَيْسُرَةٌ, (S, M, K,) of which last Sb says that it is like مَسْرُبَةٌ and مَشْرُبَةٌ in not being after the manner of the verb, [but after that of the simple substantive,] (M,) and ↓ مَيْسِرَةٌ, (K.) Easiness [of circumstances]; (M, K;) competence, or sufficiency; or richness, or wealth, or opulence; (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) abundance; (Msb;) [in these senses, also, contr. of عُسْرٌ;] and ↓ يُسْرَى signifies [the same; or] easy things or affairs or circumstances; contr. of عُسْرَى; as also ↓ مَيْسَرَةٌ. (TA, art. عسر.) You say also, ↓ أَنْظِرْنِى حَتَّى يَسَارِ [Grant thou me a delay until I shall be in a state of easiness of circumstances, &c.]; in which the last word is indecl., with kesr for its termination, because it is altered from the inf. n., which is المَيْسَرَةُ. (S.) In the Kur. [ii. 280,] some read, ↓ فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَى مَيْسُرِهِ [Then let there be a postponement, or delay, until his being in a state of easiness of circumstances]: but Akh says, that this is not allowable; for there is no noun of the measure مَفْعُلٌ [of this kind]: as to مَكْرُمٌ and مَعُونٌ, [it is said that] they are pls. [virtually though not in the language of the grammarians] of مَكْرُمَةٌ and مَعُونَةٌ. (S.) [On this point, see مَأْلُكٌ, voce أَلُوكٌ.]

A2: See also يَسْرٌ, in two places.

A3: عُودُ يُسْرٍ: see عُودُ أُسْرٍ, in art. أسر.

يَسَرٌ: see يَسْرٌ. b2: Made easy, or facilitated; i. q. مُيَسَّرٌ: (assumed tropical:) prepared: (K:) or [the game called]

المَيْسِر prepared: or, as some say, (assumed tropical:) anything prepared. (M.) A2: أَعْسَرُ يَسَرٌ A man who works, or does anything, with both his hands [alike]; ambidextrous; ambidexter: (S, M, Msb:) and ↓ أَعْسَرُ أَيْسَرُ occurs in a trad., accord. to one relation; but the former is the correct expression: (A'Obeyd:) and the fem. is عَسْرَآءُ يَسَرَةٌ: (M:) explained before, in art. عسر. (K.) A3: See also يَاسِرٌ, in six places.

يُسُرٌ: see يُسْرٌ, in two places.

يَسْرَةٌ: see يَسَارٌ, throughout.

يُسْرَى: see يُسْرٌ, in two places.

A2: See also أَيْسَرُ.

A3: See also يَسَارٌ, throughout.

يَسَارٌ: see يُسْرٌ, in two places.

A2: Also, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) and ↓ يِسَارٌ, (M, Msb, K,) the former of which is the more chaste, (ISk, IAmb, IF, M, Msb, K *,) or the latter is so, (IDrd, M, K,) or the latter is a variation used for the sake of assimilation to [its syn.] شِمَالٌ, (Sgh, TA,) or it is vulgar, (IKt, Msb,) and not allowable, (S,) or J is in error in disallowing it, (K,) or it is disapproved because the incipient ى with kesr is deemed difficult to pronounce, (M, TA,) but there are three other words commencing like it, namely, يِوَامٌ, an inf. n. of يَاوَمَهُ, though this is disallowed by some, and يِعَارٌ, pl. of يَعْرٌ, and يِسَافٌ, a proper name of a man, also pronounced with fet-h [to the ى]; (TA;) and another form is ↓ يَسَّارٌ; (Sgh, K;) contr. of يَمِينٌ; (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) and so is ↓ يُسْرَى of يُمنَى, (M, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and يَسْرَةٌ of يَمْنَةٌ, (M, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ مَيْسَرَةٌ of مَيْمَنَةٌ, (A, Msb, K,) and ↓ أَيْسَرُ of أَيْمَنُ: (S:) يَسَارٌ and ↓ يُسْرَى signify The left [hand, or arm, or foot, or leg, or] limb: and the same two words, and ↓ يَسْرَةٌ and ↓ مَيْسَرَةٌ, the left, meaning the left side or direction or relative location or place: (Msb:) and ↓ أَيْسَرُ, the left side: or a person [or thing] that is on the left side: (Msb, art. يمن:) [and ↓ مَيْسَرَةٌ the left wing of an army:] the pl. of يَسَارٌ is يُسُرٌ (Lh, M, K) and يُسْرٌ, (K,) or يُسَرٌ; (AHn, M;) which last is [also] pl. of ↓ يُسْرَى; (TA;) [and the pl. of ↓ مَيْسَرَةٌ is مَيَاسِرُ.] You say, قَعَدَ فُلَانٌ

↓ يَسْرَةً Such a one sat on the left side. (S.) and ↓ قَعَدُوا يَمْنَةً وَيَسْرَةً, (A, Msb *,) and عَلَى يَمِينٍ

وَيَسَارٍ, and ↓ اليُمْنَى وَالْيُسْرَى, and ↓ المَيْمَنَةِ وَالْمَيْسَرَةِ, (A,) or يَمِينًاوَيَسَارًا, and عَنِ الْيَمِينِ وَعَنِ الْيَسَارِ, and اليُمْنَى وَالْيُسْرَى, and المَيْمَنَةِ وَالْمَيْسَرَةِ, meaning, They sat on the right side and on the left. (Msb.) And ↓ وَلَّاهُ مَيَاسِرَهُ [He turned his left parts towards him]. (A.) يِسَارٌ: see يَسَارٌ.

يَسُورٌ: see يَاسِرٌ, in two places.

يَسِيرٌ: see يَسْرٌ.

A2: Little, or small, in quantity, petty: (S, A, K:) mean, contemptible; paltry; of no weight or worth. (A.) A3: See also يَاسِرٌ.

يَسَارَةٌ: see يُسْرٌ.

يَسَّارٌ: see يَسَارٌ.

يَاسِرٌ: see يَسْرٌ, first signification.

A2: [Taking the left-hand side or direction: or coming on, or from the direction of, the left hand of a person:] contr. of يَامِنٌ. (S.) A3: [Dividing a thing into parts, or portions.] b2: [Hence,] The slaughterer of a camel: (K, TA:) because he divides its flesh into portions: (TA:) the person who superintends the division of the slaughtered camel (M, K) for the game called المَيْسِر: (K:) pl. [يَاسِرُونَ and] أَيْسَارٌ: (M, K:) A'Obeyd says, I have heard them put يَاسِرٌ in the place of يَسَرٌ, [for the explanations of which see what follows,] and ↓ يَسَرٌ in the place of يَاسِرٌ, (M,) or ↓ يَسَرٌ and يَاسِرٌ signify the same: and the pl. is أَيْسَارٌ: (S, A:) يَاسِرٌ signifies [as explained above, and also] a person who plays with gaming-arrows, (S, Msb, TA,) [at the game called المَيْسِر,] for a slaughtered camel; because he is one of those who occasion the slaughter of the camel; and the pl. is [as above and] يَاسِرُونَ: (TA:) and ↓ يَسَرٌ, i. q. ضَرِيبٌ [which signifies the same; and the person who is entrusted, as deputy, with the disposal of the arrows in the game above mentioned, and who shuffles them in the رِبَابَة:] and, [as quasi-pl. of يَاسِرٌ, like as خَدَمٌ is of خَادِمٌ,] a party assembled together at the game called المَيْسِر: (M, K:) pl. أَيْسَارٌ: (M:) and ↓ يَسِيرٌ and ↓ يَسُورٌ signify one who contends with another at a game of hazard; syn. قَامِرٌ: (K:) or ↓ يَسَرٌ and ↓ يَسُورٌ, and also يَاسِرٌ, are applied to one who has, or to whom pertains, a gamingarrow. (IAar, TA.) أَيْسَرُ [More, and most, easy, or facile; fem.

يُسْرَى].

A2: See also يَسَارٌ.

موسِرٌ [originally مُيْسِرٌ,] Possessing competence, or sufficiency; or rich, or wealthy, or opulent: (M, K:) pl. مَيَاسِيرُ: (Sb, M, K:) [like مَفَالِيسُ, pl. of مُفْلِسٌ; and مَفَاطِيرُ, pl. of مُفْطِرٌ; as though the sing. were مَيْسُورٌ:] but by rule it should be مُوسِرُونَ, for the masc., and مُوسِرَاتٌ for the fem. (Abu-l-Hasan, M.) مَيْسُرٌ: see يُسْرٌ.

مَيْسِرٌ The game, or play, with unfeathered and headless arrows; (M, K;) the game of hazard which the Arabs play with such arrows; (S, Mgh, Msb;) a game of the Arabs, played [by ten men,] with ten unfeathered and headless arrows: they first slaughtered a camel, [bought on credit, (see below, in this paragraph,)] and divided it into ten portions, or, as some say, [agreeably with what follows,] into twenty-eight: the first arrow was called الفَذُّ, and had [one notch and] one portion of the slaughtered camel: the second, التَّوْءَمُ, and had [two notches and] two portions: the third, الرَّقِيبُ, and had [three notches and] three portions: the fourth, الحِلْسُ, and had [four notches and] four portions: the fifth, النَّافِسُ, and had [five notches and] five portions; or, as some say, this was the fourth: the sixth, المُسْبِلُ, and had [six notches and] six portions: the seventh, المُعَلَّى, which was the highest of them, having [seven notches and] seven portions: the eighth and ninth and tenth were called السَّفِيحُ and المَنِيحُ and الوَغْدُ; and these three had no portions: [the players to whom these three fell had to pay for the slaughtered camel: (see المُسْبِلُ:) whence it appears, that if the camel was divided into ten portions, (see رَيْمٌ,) the game must have continued after all these were won, until it was seen whose were the eighth and ninth and tenth arrows; and it seems to be the general opinion that this was the case:] the camel being slaughtered, they collected together the ten arrows, and put them into the رِبَابَة, a thing resembling a quiver (كِنَانَة), and turned them round about or shuffled them (أَجَالُوهَا): [or they employed a person, whom they called حُرْضَة, to do this:] then they put them into the hand of the judge (الحَكَم), who took them forth one after another in the name of one after another of the party; [or they commissioned the حُرْضَه to do so;] and each took of the portions of the slaughtered camel according to his arrow; but those to whose lots fell the arrows without portions were obliged to pay the price of the slaughtered camel: with the flesh of which they afterwards fed the poor; and him who would not engage with them in the game they reproached, and called a بَرَم: (Sefeenet Er-Rághib, printed at Boolák; p. 637:) [see also رَقِيبٌ, and ضَرِيبٌ, and عَشْرٌ:] or any game of hazard; or play for stakes, or wagers: (K:) so that even the game of children with walnuts is included under this name by Mujáhid in his explanation of verse 216 of chap. ii. of the Kur.: (TA:) or anything in which is risk, or hazard: (Kull, p. 321:) or the game of trick track, backgammon, or tables; syn. نَرْدٌ: (Sgh, K:) and chess was called by 'Alee the مَيْسِر of the Persians, or foreigners: (TA:) or the slaughtered camel for which they played: for when they desired to play, they bought on credit a camel for slaughter, and slaughtered it, and divided it into twentyeight portions, or ten portions; and when one [of the arrows] after another came forth [from the رِبَابَة] in the name of one man after another, the gain of him for whom came forth those to which belonged portions appeared, and the fine of him for whom came forth [any of the arrows called] the غُفْل: (K:) so called as though it were a place of division: and so used by the poet Lebeed, who speaks of a fat مَيْسِر. (TA.) مَيْسَرَةٌ: see يُسْرٌ, in two places.

A2: See also يَسَارٌ, in four places.

مَيْسُرَةٌ: see يُسْرٌ.

مَيْسِرَةٌ: see يُسْرٌ.

مُيَسَّرٌ Prepared; disposed; made easy, or facile. So in the following words of a trad.: فَكُلٌّ مُيَسَّرٌ لِمَا خُلِقَ لَهُ [And every one is prepared, &c., for that for which he is created]. (TA.) A2: I. q. زُمَاوَرْدٌ [q. v.]; (Mgh, K;) app. a post-classical word; so called because easily taken; (Mgh;) in Persian, called نُوَالَهْ [or نَوَالَهْ], (Mgh, K,) and in Egypt termed لُقْمَةُ القَاضِى. (TA.) مُيَسِّرٌ, applied to a man, (S, TA,) Having numerous offspring of sheep or goats [and therefore much milk]; (TA;) contr. of مُجَنِّبٌ. (S, TA.) مَيْسُورٌ: see يَسْرٌ, in three places: A2: and see also يُسْرٌ.

مَيَاسِرُ She-camels that bring forth easily. (TA.)

حبش

1 حَبَشَ لَهُ, (K,) aor. ـُ (TK,) inf. n. حَبْشٌ and حُبَاشَةٌ; (K, TK;) or حَبَشَ لَهُ حُبَاشَةً; (S;) [whence it appears probable that the author of the K is in error in regarding حُبَاشَةٌ as an inf. n.;] He collected for him something; as also ↓ حَبَّشَ, inf. n. تَحْبِيشٌ: (S, K:) and ↓ تحبّشهُ and ↓ احتبشهُ likewise signify he collected it. (TA.) You say also, قَوْمَهُ ↓ حَبَّشَ, inf. n. تَحْبِيشٌ, He collected his people. (S.) And حَبَشَ لِعِيَالِهِ, inf. n. حَبْشٌ, He gained, or earned, and collected, for his family, or household; like هَبَشَ; as also ↓ احتبش. (TA.) 2 حَبَّشَ see 1, in two places.4 احبشت بِوَلَدِهَا She brought forth her child like an Abyssinian (حَبَشِىّ) in colour. (S.) 5 تحبّشوا They collected themselves together, (S, * A, TA,) عَلَيْهِ against him; as also تهبّشوا. (TA.) A2: تحبّشهُ: see 1.8 إِحْتَبَشَ see 1, in two places.

الحُبْشُ: see the next paragraph.

الحَبَشُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) a coll. gen. n., (Msb,) and ↓ الحُبْشُ, (A, MF,) or this is a pl., and the former is also said to be an anomalous pl., (TA,) and ↓ الحَبَشَةُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) also said to be an anomalous pl., (TA,) and wrong with respect to rule, (T, M,) having no sing. of the measure فَاعِلٌ, (M,) for they did not use حَابِشٌ as a sing. thereof, like فَاسِقٌ as sing. of فَسَقَةٌ, (T,) but الحَبَشَةُ became used as a dial. var., (T, Msb,) commonly obtaining, for الحَبَشُ, (Msb,) and is allowable in poetry in cases of necessity, (T,) and ↓ الأَحْبُشُ, (IDrd, K,) also used as syn. with الحَبَشُ, (IDrd,) or it is pl. of الحُبْشُ, with damm, not a sing. as it seems to be from the mention of it in the K, (MF,) and ↓ الأُحْبُوشُ, (A, TA,) and الحُبْشَانُ, (A,) which is a pl. (IDrd, S, K) of الحَبَشُ, (IDrd,) like as حُمْلَانٌ is pl. of حَمَلٌ, (S,) and الحُبُوشُ, (A,) [also a pl.,] and ↓ الحَبِيشُ, which is also a pl., (TA,) [or rather a quasipl. n.,] and الأَحَابِشُ, which is likewise a pl., (K,) app. of أَحْبُشٌ, (TA,) and الأَحَابِيشُ, (A,) [which is pl. of أُحْبُوشٌ,] A certain race of the blacks; (S, A, Msb, K, &c.;) [namely, the Abyssinians; who, however, are not properly called “ blacks: ”] one of whom is called حَبَشِىٌّ. (A, Mgh, Msb.) The dim. of حَبَشٌ is حُبَيْشٌ. (Msb.) الحَبَشَةُ: see الحَبَشُ. b2: It also signifies The country of the حُبْشَان [or Abyssinians]: (K:) a proper name applied thereto. (TA.) حُبْشِىٌّ: fem. with ة. For the latter, see حَبَشِىٌّ.

ّحَبَشِىُّ a rel. n. from الحَبَشَةُ; (TA;) [signifying Of, or belonging to, or relating to, Abyssinia or the Abyssinians.] b2: [An Abyssinian;] one of the race called الحَبَش. (A, Mgh, Msb.) b3: حَبَشِيَّةٌ (K) and ↓ حُبْشِيَّةٌ (A, K) A black, (A,) or an intensely black, (K,) she-camel. (A, K.) b4: الحَبَشِىُّ مِنَ النَّمْلِ The black ant. (M in art. دلم.) الحَبِيشُ: see الحَبَشُ.

حُبَيْشٌ dim. of حَبَشٌ, q. v. (Msb.) b2: Also A certain well-known bird; [the Numidia; which comprises the species commonly called the Guineahen, and pintado: so applied in the present day:] the word is thus, [without the article ال, apparently as a proper name, and] in the dim. form, like كُمَيْتٌ and كُعَيْتٌ: (S, TA:) it is strangely omitted in the K. (TA.) حُبَاشَةٌ What is collected, (S, * and TA in art. هبش,) of men, and of property; as also هُبَاشَةٌ: (TA ubi suprà:) pl. حُبَاشَاتٌ. (S, and TA ubi suprà.) b2: A company, or body, of men, not of one tribe; (S, K;) like هُبَاشَةٌ; (TA;) as also ↓ أُحْبُوشٌ and أَحَابِيشُ; (S;) or as also ↓ أُحْبُوشَةٌ, (K, TA,) of which the pl. is أَحَابِيشُ; (TA:) the pl. of حباشة in this sense is as above. (TA.) الأَحْبُشُ: see الحَبَشُ.

الأُحْبُوشُ: see الحَبَشُ. b2: أُحْبُوشٌ: see حُبَاشَةٌ: accord. to some, it signifies Any company, or body, of men; because, when they are collected together, they are [in their general hue] black. (TA.) أُحْبُوشَةٌ: see حُبَاشَةٌ.

كسر

1 كَسَرَهُ, (S, A, &c.,) aor. ـِ (Msb, K,) inf. n. كَسْرٌ; (Msb, TA;) and ↓ اكتسرهُ: (K;) [He broke it: or the latter signifies he broke it off: or it is similar to إِقْتَطَعَهُ and the like and signifies he broke it off for himself: for] you say مِنْهُ طَرَفًا ↓ اكتسرتُ [I broke off, or broke off for myself, from it, an extremity]. (A.) You say ↓ كَسَرْتُهُ انْكِسَارًا and إِنْكَسَرَ كَسْرًا, putting each of the inf. ns. in the place of the other, because of their agreement in meaning, not in respect of being trans. and intrans. (Sb, TA.) b2: كُسِرَ He had his leg broken; his leg broke. (Mgh.) b3: فُلَانٌ يَكْسِرُ عَلَيْكَ الفُوقَ, (A, K,) or الأَرْعَاظَ, (K,) or ↓ يُكَسِّرُ, (as in the CK, * and in a MS copy of the K, but we find the former reading in art. رعظ in the K,) [lit., Such a one breaks against thee the notch of the arrow, or the sockets of the arrow-heads: meaning,] (tropical:) such a one is angry with thee: (A, K:) or is vehemently angry with thee. (K, art. رعظ, in which see further explanations.) b4: [كُسِرَ بَيْنَهُمْ رُمْحٌ lit., A spear was broken among them: meaning, (assumed tropical:) a quarrel occurred among them. (Reiske, cited by Freytag, but whether from a classical author is not said; and explained by him as signifying Simultas inter eos intercessit.)] b5: كَسَرَ الكِتَابَ عَلَى عِدَّةِ أَبْوَابٍ وَفُصُولٍ (tropical:) [He divided the book, or writing, into a number of chapters and sections]. (A.) b6: كَسَرَ الشَّعْرَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. كَسْرٌ, (assumed tropical:) [He broke the measure of the poetry;] he did not make the measure of the poetry correct. (TA.) b7: كَسَرْتُ القَوْمَ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) I [broke, crushed, routed, or] defeated, the people or party. (Msb.) b8: كَسَرْتُ خَصْمِى (tropical:) [I defeated my adversary]. (A.) b9: [كَسَرَ نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) He broke, or subdued, his spirit. b10: (assumed tropical:) He abased, or humbled, himself.] b11: كَسَرْتُ مِنْ سَوْرَتِهِ (tropical:) [I broke, or subdued, or abated, somewhat of his impetuosity, or violence, or tyranny, or anger]. (A.) b12: كَسَرَ حُمَيَّا الخَمْر بِالْمِزَاجِ (tropical:) [He broke, or subdued, or abated, the intoxicating influence of the wine by the mixture of water]. (A.) b13: كَسَرَ مِنْ بَرْدِ المَآءِ, and حَرِّهِ, aor. and inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) He abated, or allayed, somewhat of the coldness of the water, and its heat. (TA.) b14: اِكْسِرْ عَنَّا: see an ex. voce رُوبَةٌ. b15: [كَسَرَ العَطَشَ (assumed tropical:) It abated, or allayed, thirst.] b16: كَسَرَ مَتَاعَهُ (tropical:) He sold his goods by retail, one piece of cloth after another: (IAar, K:) because, [on the contrary,] wholesale makes them to find purchasers readily. (TA) b17: كَسَرْتُ الرَّجُلَ عَنْ مُرَادِهِ (assumed tropical:) I turned the man, averted him, or turned him back, from his desire. (Msb.) b18: يَكْسِرُ ذَنَبَهُ بَعْدَ مَا أَشَالَهُ [app. (assumed tropical:) He contorts his tail after raising it], said of a camel. (K.) b19: كَسَرَ الثَّوْبَ, and الجِلْدَ, (assumed tropical:) He folded, and he creased, the garment, or piece of cloth, and the skin. Ex. of the former signification, [in which the pronoun refers to a tent:] مِنْ حَيْثُ يُكْسَرُ جَانِبَاهُ [(assumed tropical:) Where its two sides are folded]. (S.) You say also كَسَرَ الوِسَادَ, meaning (tropical:) He folded, or doubled, the pillow, or cushion, and leaned, or reclined, upon it. (K.) See also كَاسِرٌ. b20: كَسَرَ جَفْنَهُ نَحْوَهُ (assumed tropical:) [He blinked, (lit. he wrinkled his eyelid) towards him]. (Mgh. art. غمز.) You say also, رِيحٌ حَارَّةٌ تَكْسِرُ العَيْنَ حَرًّا (assumed tropical:) [A hot wind, that makes the eye to blink, or contract and wrinkle the eyelids, by reason of heat]. (K, art. خوص.) And كَسَرَ عَيْنَهُ, (A,) and كَسَرَ مِنْ طَرْفِهِ, (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) (tropical:) He contracted (غَضَّ, q. v.,) his eye, or eyes; [so as to wrinkle the lids; in which sense the former phrase is used in the present day:] (K:) and كَسَرَ عَلَى

طَرْفِهِ, accord. to Th, he contracted (غَضَّ) his eye, or eyes, somewhat: (TA:) [or perhaps عَلَى is here a mistake for عَلَىَّ, in which case we must read طَرْفَهُ, so that the meaning would be as above with the addition at me:] and ↓ مُكَاسَرَةُ العَيْنَيْنِ signifies المُغَاضَنَةُ [i. e. the contracting of the eyes so as to wrinkle the lids]. (S, K, in art. غضن.) b21: كَسَرَ الطَّائِرُ جَنَاحَيْهِ, (A, TA,) aor. ـِ inf. n. كَسْرٌ; (TA;) and كَسَرَ alone, (S, A, K,) inf. n. كَسْرٌ and كُسُورٌ, (K,) or in this case, when the wings are not mentioned, كُسُورٌ [only]; which shows that a verb, when its objective complement is forgotten [or suppressed], and the inf. n. [for الحَدِيثُ in my original I read الحَدَثُ] itself is desired [to be expressed], follows the way of an intrans. verb; (A;) [ for فُعُولٌ is by rule the measure of the inf. n. of an intrans. verb, of the measure فَعَلَ, such as قَعَدَ, inf n. قُعُودٌ, and جَلَسَ, inf. n. جُلُوسٌ, and فَعْلٌ of that of a trans. verb;] (tropical:) The bird contracted his wings, (S, A, K,) or contracted them somewhat, (TA,) so that he might descend in his flight, (S,) or in order to alight. (A, K.) b22: [كَسَرَ الحَرْفَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. كَسْرٌ, He pronounced the letter with the vowel termed kesr: and he marked the letter with the sign of that vowel. A conv. phrase of lexicology and grammar.]

A2: See also 7.2 كسّرهُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَكْسِيرٌ, (Msb,) is with teshdeed to denote muchness [of the action] or multiplicity [of the objects] (S) [He broke it much, in pieces, or into many pieces: or many times, or repeatedly; or he broke it, meaning a number or collection of things.] b2: فُلَانٌ يُكَسِّرُ عَلَيْكَ الفُوقَ, or الأَرْعَاظَ: see 1. b3: [كسّرهُ also signifies He divided it (i. e. a number, and a measure,) into fractions.] b4: كسّرهُ الكَرَى (tropical:) [Drowsiness made him languid]. (A, TA in art. هيض.] b5: [كسّر شَعَرَهُ, inf. n. تَكْسِيرٌ, (assumed tropical:) He crimped his hair, see رَطَّلَ.]

A2: كسّر المَآءُ الوَادِى (tropical:) The water made [the كُسُور, i. e.,] the turnings, bendings, or windings, (مَعَاطِف,) of the valley, and the parts thereof eaten away by torrents, to flow with water. (Th.) 3 كَاْسَرَ see 1.5 تكّسر, (S, A, Msb, K,) quasi-pass. of 2, (Msb, K,) [It broke, or became broken, much, in pieces, or into many pieces; or many times, or repeatedly; or it (a number or collection of things) broke, or became broken.] b2: [Said of water, and of sand, (assumed tropical:) It became rippled by the wind. And of crisp hair, (assumed tropical:) It became crimped; or became rimpled, as though crimped. (In these senses it is used in the S in art. حبك, &c. See حِبَاكٌ.) Also said of the skin, (assumed tropical:) It became wrinkled: see تَغَضَّنَ. Said of a garment, or piece of cloth, and of a coat of mail, and skin, (assumed tropical:) It became folded, and it became creased, much, or in several, or many places. See an ex. below, voce كِسْرٌ.] b3: [And hence, as meaning, (assumed tropical:) It became contracted,] said also of the eye. (TA in art. خشع.) [See 1.] b4: [(tropical:) He was, or became, languid, or loose in the joints. And (assumed tropical:) He affected languor, or languidness: a very common signification.] You say, فِيهِ تَخَنُّثٌ وَتَكَسُّرٌ (assumed tropical:) [In him is effeminacy, and affectation of languor or languidness]. (A.) And one says of an effeminate man, تكسّر فِى كَلَامِهِ (assumed tropical:) [He affected languor, or languidness, in his speech], (IDrd, O, voce تَفَرَّكَ,) and also مَشْيِهِ [his walk]. (K, ibid.) See also 7.7 انكسر, quasi-pass. of 1, (S, A, Msb, K,) [It broke, or became broken.] You say, ↓ كَسَرْتُهُ انْكِسَارًا and اِنْكَسَرَ كَسْرًا. (Sb, TA. See 1.) b2: انكسرت السِّهَامُ عَلَى الرُّؤُوسِ (assumed tropical:) The portions became fractional to the several heads; were not divisible into whole numbers. (Msb.) b3: انكسر الشِّعْرُ (assumed tropical:) The poetry became [broken, or] incorrect in measure. (TA.) b4: [انكسر القَوْمُ (assumed tropical:) The people became broken, or defeated.] b5: انكسر خَصْمِى (tropical:) [My adversary became defeated.] (A.) b6: [انكسرت نَفْسُهُ (assumed tropical:) His spirit became broken, or subdued: and انكسر, alone, he became broken in spirit; his sharpness of temper, vehemence of mind, or fierceness, became broken, or subdued; he became meek, gentle, or humble.] b7: [انكسر, said of a man, also signifies, very frequently, (tropical:) He became languid, or languishing. See the act. part. n., below. And see 5.] فَتْرَةٌ and اِنْكِسَارٌ and ضَعْفٌ are syn. (S, art. فتر.) b8: انكسر عَنِ الشَّىْءِ (assumed tropical:) He lacked power, or ability, to do, or accomplish the thing. And انكسر [alone] (assumed tropical:) He, or it, (said of anything, [man or beast,]) remitted, flagged, or became remiss, in an affair, lacking power, or ability, to perform, or accomplish, it. (TA.) b9: انكسر نَظَرُ الطَّرْفِ (assumed tropical:) The look of the eye, or eyes, became languid, or languishing; syn. فَتَرَ. (IKtt, in TA, art. فتر.) And انكسر طَرْفُهُ (assumed tropical:) [His eye, or eyes, or sight, became languid, or languishing, or not sharp]. (T, K, art. فتر.) b10: Also انكسر, said of the coldness of water, [and of cold, absolutely, and of the heat of water,] and of heat, [absolutely,] and of anything, (TA,) for instance, of a price, and so ↓ كَسَرَ, (Fr. in TA, art. قط,) (assumed tropical:) It abated, or became allayed; or, [said of heat,] it became languid, or faint. (TA.) b11: Said of dough, (assumed tropical:) It became soft, and leavened, or good, and fit to be baked. (TA.) b12: [Said of a garment, or piece of cloth, and skin, (assumed tropical:) It became folded; it became creased. Ex.:] يَطْوِى الثِّيَابَ أَوَّلَ طَيِّهَا حَتَّى تَنْكَسِرَ عَلَى طَبِّهِ [He folds the garments, or pieces of cloth, the first time of folding them, so that they may crease agreeably with his folding]. (S, K, voce قَسَامِىٌّ.

[In one copy of the S, I find تَتَكَسَّرَ in the place of تَنْكَسِرَ, which latter reading I find in a better copy of the same work.]) 8 إِكْتَسَرَ see 1, first sentence.

كَسْرٌ: see كِسْرٌ, throughout. b2: (tropical:) A fraction, or broken part of an integral, as the half, and the tenth, and the fifth; (Msb;) what does not amount to an integral portion: (K:) pl. كُسُورٌ. (A, Msb.) You say, ضَرَبَ الحُسَّابُ الكُسُورَ بَعْضَهَا فِى بَعْضٍ (tropical:) [The calculator multiplied the fractions together]. (A.) b3: Little in quantity or number: (ISd, K:) as though it were a fraction of much. (ISd.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A crease, wrinkle, ply plait, or fold, in skin, and in a garment or piece of cloth; (JK, S, * K, * voce غَرٌّ, in the CK غُرّ; and so accord. to the explanation of the pl. in the present art. in the TA;) as also ↓ مَكْسِرٌ: (accord. to the explanations of its pl. in the S, Mgh, Msb voce غَضْنٌ:) pl. of the former كُسُورٌ: (JK, S, voce غَرٌّ; and TA in the present art.;) and of the latter, مَكَاسِرُ. (S, Mgh, Msb, voce غَضْنٌ; &c.) b5: See also كُسُورٌ, below.

A2: [As a conventional term in grammar, A vowel-sound, well known; the sign for which is termed ↓ كَسْرَةٌ.]

كِسْرٌ and ↓ كَسْرٌ, (S, K, &c.,) the latter of which is [said to be] of higher authority (أَعْلَى) than the former, [but this is doubtful, for the former is certainly the more common,] (TA,) A portion of a limb: or a complete limb: (K:) or a limb by itself, which is not mixed with another: (TA:) or half of a bone, with the flesh that is upon it: (K:) or a bone upon which there is not much flesh, (S, K,) and which is broken; otherwise it is not thus called: (S) or any bone: (AHeyth:) or a limb of a camel: (TA:) or of a human being or other: (ISd. TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَكْسَارٌ (TA) and [of mult.]

كُسُورٌ. (S, TA.) b2: كِسرُ قَبِيحٍ, (S, K,) and قَبِيحٍ ↓ كَسْرُ, (S,) The bone of the سَاعِد [here meaning the upper half of the arm, from the part next the middle to the elbow. (El-Umawee, S, K.) [See also قَبِيحٌ. And كسر حَسَنٍ signifies The upper part of that bone.] b3: Also كِسْرٌ and ↓ كَسْرٌ The side of a بَيْت [or tent]: (K:) or the part of [each of] the two sides thereof that descends from the طَرِيقَتَانِ [app. meaning the two outer poles of the middle row]; every tent having two such, on the right and left: (TA:) or the lowest شُقَّة [or oblong piece of cloth] of a [tent of the kind called] خِبَآء: (A, K:) or the part of that شقّه which is folded or creased (تَكَسَّرَ وَتَثَنَّى) upon the ground: (K:) or the lowest شقّة of a بَيْت [or tent], that is next the ground, from where its (the tent's) two sides are folded (مِنْ حَيْثُ يُكْسَرُ جَانِبَاهُ), on thy right hand, and thy left. (ISk, S.) b4: Also, (K,) or ↓ كَسْرٌ [only], (TA,) [but for this limitation there appears no reason,] A side (K, TA) of anything; as, [for instance,] of a desert: (TA:) pl. أَكْسَارٌ and كُسُورٌ [app. in all the senses: see above]. (K.) b5: قِدْرٌ كِسْرٌ, and أَكْسَارٌ, (TA,) and إِنَآءٌ أَكْسَارٌ, (IAar,) and جَفْنَةٌ أَكْسَارٌ, (K,) A cooking-pot, (TA,) and a vessel, (IAar,) and a bowl, (K,) large, and [composed of several pieces] joined together: (IAar, K:) because of its greatness or its oldness: as though, in the second and following phrases, the term كسر applied to every distinct part of it. (TA.) b6: See also كُسُورٌ, below.

كَسْرَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A defeat. You say, وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِمُ الكَسْرَةُ Defeat befell them. (Msb.) A2: See also كَسْرٌ.

كِسْرَةٌ (in some copies of the K كِسْرٌ, but this is a mistake, TA,) A piece of a broken thing: (S, K:) or rather a piece broken from a thing: (TA:) or a fragment, or broken piece, of a thing: (Msb:) pl. كِسَرٌ. (S, Msb, K.) Yousay, كِسْرَةٌ مِنْ الخُبْزِ A broken piece of bread. (Msb.) See also كُسَارٌ.

كِسْرَى and كَسْرَى, (S, Msb, K,) the former of which is the more chaste, accord. to Th and others, and it alone is allowed by Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà, (Msb,) A name (TA) applied to the king of the Persians, (Msb, K, TA,) or a surname of the kings of the Persians, (S,) like النَّجَاشِىُّ, a name of the king of Abyssinia, (TA), arabicized from خُسْرَوْ, (S, K,) which means “ possessing ample dominion, ” (K,) in the Persian language: so they say: but خُسْرَوْ is itself arabicized from خُوشْ رُوْ, which means, in that language, “ goodly in countenance ”: (TA:) [but that خسرو is an arabicized word may reasonably be doubted:] accord. to IDrst, it is changed into كسرى because there is no word in Arabic having the first letter with damm and ending with و; and the خ is changed into ك to shew that it is Arabicized: (MF:) the pl. is أَكَاسِرَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) contr. to analogy, (S,) and كَسَاسِرَةٌ and أَكَاسِرُ and كُسُورٌ, (K,) [all of which are also] contr. to analogy: (TA:) by rule it should be كِسْرَوْنَ, like عِيسَوْنَ (S, K) and مُوسَوْنَ. (S.) كِسْرِىٌّ: see كِسْرَوِىٌّ.

كِسْرَوِىٌّ and ↓ كِسْرِىٌّ Of, or relating to, كِسْرَى; rel. ns. from كِسْرَى: (S, Msb, K:) and كَسْرَوِىٌّ alone is the rel. n. from كَسْرَى. (Msb.) [In the TA, it is said that one should not say كَسْرَوِىٌّ; but it seems that what is not allowable is كَسْرِىٌّ.]

كُسَارٌ and كُسَارَةٌ [Fragments, or broken pieces or particles, that fall from a thing:] what breaks from a thing: (Sgh:) or what breaks in pieces from a thing, (K, TA,) and falls: (TA:) fragments, or broken pieces or particles, (دُقَاق, ISk, S, and حُطَام, S,) of fire-wood. (ISk, S.) You speak of the كُسَار of glass, and of a mug, and of aloes-wood. (A.) كُسُورٌ (assumed tropical:) The turnings, bendings, or windings, (مَعَاطِف, K, TA,) and parts eaten away by torrents, (جِرَفَة, TA,) and ravines, (شِعَاب, K, TA,) of valleys, (K, TA,) and of mountains: (TA:) a pl. without a sing.: (K:) you do not say كَسْرُ الوَادِى nor كِسْرُ الوادى. (TA.) b2: أَرْضٌ ذَاتُ كُسُورٍ (tropical:) A land having [places of] ascent and descent. (S, A.) b3: See also كَسْرٌ and كِسْرٌ.

كَسِيرٌ i. q. ↓ مَكْسُورٌ, [Broken,] (S, K,) applied to a thing: (S:) and so the fem., without ة: (TA:) pl. كَسْرَى, (S, K,) like as مَرْضَى is pl. of مَرِيضٌ, (S,) and كَسَارَى: (K:) [and مَكَاسِيرُ is pl. of مَكْسُورٌ:] Abu-l-Hasan says, that Sb mentions the pl. مَكَاسِيرُ because it is of a kind proper to substs. (TA.) b2: ناقة كَسِيرٌ (S, K) i. q. مَكْسُورَةٌ [lit., A broken she-camel,] (K,) is like the phrase كَفٌّ خَضِيبٌ, (S, TA,) meaning مَخْضُوبَةٌ: (TA;) or a she-camel having one of its legs broken: (Mgh:) and شَاةٌ كَسِيرٌ a sheep, or goat, having one of its legs broken: كسير being of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: (Mgh, Msb:) and كَسِيرَةٌ also, [app. as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant,] like نَطِيحَةٌ: (Msb:) كَسِيرٌ, occurring in a trad. is explained as signifying a sheep, or goat, having a broken leg, that cannot walk; (IAth, * Mgh;) but this requires consideration. (Mgh.) كَاسِرٌ [Breaking]; fem. with ة: pl. masc. and fem. كُسَّرٌ; and pl. fem. كَوَاسِرُ also (K.) b2: (tropical:) Folding or doubling, and leaning or reclining upon, a pillow or cushion. Hence the following. in a trad. of 'Omar, لا يَزَالُ أَحَدُهُمْ كَاسِرًا وِسَادَهُ عِنْدَ امْرَأَةٍ مُغْزِيَةٍ, meaning, (tropical:) Not one of them ceases to fold or double his pillow or cushion at the abode of a woman whose husband is absent in war, and to lean or recline upon it, and enter upon discourse with her. (IAth, TA.) b3: (tropical:) An eagle, (A, K,) and a hawk or falcon, (A,) contracting his wings, (A, K,) or contracting them somewhat, so that he may descend in his flight, (TA,) or in order to alight. (A, K.) b4: الكَاسِرُ ↓ The eagle. (S, M, K.) الإِكْسِيرُ i. q. الكِيمِيَآءُ q. v. (Sgh, K.) جَمْعُ التَّكْسِيرِ (assumed tropical:) [The broken plural;] the plural in which the composition of the singular is changed; (K;) the change being either apparent, as in رِجَالٌ, pl. of رَجُلٌ, or understood, as in فُلْكٌ, which is both sing. and pl., for the dammeh in the sing. in this case is like the dammeh of قُفْلٌ, and that in the pl. is like that of أسْدٌ. (Ibn-'Akeel: see Dieterici's “ Alfijjah ” &c.; pp.329 and 330.) b2: Also تَكْسِيرٌ (assumed tropical:) [The area of a circle]: in the circle are three things: دَوْرٌ [or circumference] and قُطْرٌ [or diameter] and تَكْسِيرٌ [or area], which [last] is the product of the multiplication of the half of the قطر by the half of the دور: and it is sometimes called مِسَاحَةٌ. You say, مَا تَكْسِيرُ دَائِرَةٍ

قُطْرُهَا سَبْعَةٌ وَدَوْرُهَا اثْنَانِ وَعِشْرُونَ [What is the area of a circle of which the diameter is seven and its circumference two-and-twenty?]: and the answer is ثَمَانِيَةٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ وَنِصْفٌ [Eight-and-thirty and a half]. (TA.) [It is scarcely necessary to add that this is not perfectly exact.]

مَكْسِرٌ A place of breaking, (K, TA,) of anything. (TA.) You say, عُودٌ صُلْبُ المَكْسِرِ [Wood, or a piece of wood, or a branch, or twig, hard in the place of breaking,] when you know its goodness by its breaking: (S, A:) and عُودٌ طَيِّبُ المَكْسِرِ [Wood, &c., good in the place of breaking,] i. e. approved. (K.) b2: Hence, رَجُلٌ صُلْبُ المَكْسِرِ (A, L) (tropical:) A man who bears up against difficulty, distress, or adversity: because one breaks a piece of wood, to try if it be hard or soft. (TA.) And of a pl. number, هُمْ صِلَابُ المَكَاسِرِ. (A.) And فُلَانٌ هَشُّ المَكْسِرِ, (TA,) and ↓ المُكَسَّرِ, (TA in art. هش, q. v.,) (assumed tropical:) [Such a one is easy, or compliant, when asked], which is an expression of praise when it means [lit.] that he is not one whose wood gives only a sound when one endeavours to produce fire from it; and of dispraise when it means [lit.] that be is one whose wood is weak. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ طَيِّبُ المَكْسِرِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one is praised when tried, proved, or tested: (S, TA:) and رَدِىْءُ المَكْسِرِ [dispraised when tried, &c.]. (TA.) [Wherefore it is said that] مَكْسِرٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The internal state; an internal, or intrinsic, quality; the intrinsic, or real, as opposed to the apparent, state, or to the aspect; syn. مَخْبَرٌ. (K.) b3: Also مَكْسِرٌ The lowest part (أَصْلٌ K, TA) of anything; and especially of a tree, where the branches are broken off. (TA.) b4: [Hence] it is said to be metonymically used as meaning (tropical:) Old property. (TA voce فَرْعٌ.) b5: See also كَسْرٌ.

مَكْسُورٌ: see كَسِيرٌ. b2: سَوْطٌ مَكْسُورٌ (assumed tropical:) A soft, weak, whip. (TA.) مُكَسَّرٌ pass. part. n. of 2, q. v. b2: See also مَكْسِرٌ, with which it is made synonymous. b3: (tropical:) A valley whose كُسُور (q. v.) flow with water: (K:) or are made to flow: (Th:) accord. to one relation of a saying in which it occurs, it is مُكْسَرٌ. (TA.) فُلَانٌ مُكَاسِرِى, (S,) or جَارِى مُكَاسِرِى, (ISd, K,) Such a one is my neighbour; (S;) the كِسْر (q. v.) of his tent is next the كِسْر of my tent. (S, ISd, K.) مُنْكَسِرٌ has for its pl. مَكَاسِيرُ, which is extr.; like مَسَاحِيقُ, pl. of مُنْسَحِقٌ. (TA in art. سحق.) رَأَيْتُهُ مُنْكَسِرًا (tropical:) I saw him in a languid, or languishing state. (A.)