ريب

1 رَابَنِى, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـِ (M, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. رَيْبٌ (T, M, Mgh, Msb, &c.) and رِيبَةٌ, (M, K,) or the latter is a simple subst., (S, Msb,) It (a thing) occasioned in me disquiet, disturbance, or agitation, of mind: (Ksh and Bd in ii. 1:) [this is the primary signification; (see رِيبَةٌ;) a signification also borne by ↓ أَرَابَنِى; (see the verses of Khálid cited in this paragraph;) whence the other significations here expl. in what follows:] it (a thing) made me to doubt: (Msb: and in like manner رَابَهُ is expl. in the Mgh:) or it (a thing, M) caused me to have what is termed رِيبَة [i. e. doubt, or suspicion or evil opinion, or doubt combined with suspicion or evil opinion]; as also ↓ أَرَابَنِى: (M, K: in both of which this meaning is indicated, but not expressed:) but the latter is said by Lth to be bad: (T:) or, (T, M, Msb,) accord. to Az, (T, Msb,) the former signifies he, (T, M, *) or it, i. e. his case, (M, * Msb,) made me to know that there was on his part what is termed رِيبَة [i. e. something occasioning doubt, or suspicion or evil opinion, or doubt combined with suspicion or evil opinion]; (T, M, Msb;) made me to be certain, or sure, of it: (Msb:) and ↓ the latter signifies made me to think that there was in him what is so termed; (Sb, T, M, Msb, K;) without my being certain, or sure, of it: (Msb:) [Az says that] these are the right explanations of the two phrases: (T:) [or] the latter signifies also جَعَلَ فِىَّ الرِّيَبَةَ [he put into me, i. e. into my mind, doubt, or suspicion &c.]; (Sb, M, K; and in a similar manner أَرَبْتُهُ is expl. in the latter;) or أَوْهَمَنِى الرِّيبَةَ [he made me to think that which occasioned doubt, or suspicion &c.]: (K: and in like manner ارابهُ is expl. in the Ham p. 363:) and رِبْتُهُ signifies أَوْصَلْتُ إِلَيْهِ الرِّيبَةَ [I made doubt, or suspicion &c., or that which occasioned doubt, or suspicion &c., to come to him, or to reach him]; (K;) [app. by some act; for it is said that] رَابَهُ signifies أَتَاهُ بِرِيبَةٍ [he did to him a thing that occasioned doubt, or suspicion &c.]: (Ham ubi suprà:) or, (K,) accord. to Lh, the Arabs say, (M,) رَابَنِى أَمْرُهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. رَيْبٌ and رِيبَةٌ: when they speak allusively [with respect to the cause of doubt &c., not expressing it,] (إِذَا كَنَوْا [misinterpreted in the TA as meaning “ when they affix a pronoun to the verb,” for the meaning here intended is clearly shown by what follows,]) they prefix ا [to the verb, saying ↓ أَرَابَ, and أَرَبْتُ, &c., expl. in the latter part of this paragraph]; and when they do not speak allusively [with respect to the cause of doubt &c., but express it,] (إِذَا لَمْ يَكْنُوا) they reject that letter; but [so accord. to the M, but in the K “ or,”] it is allowable to say, الأَمْرُ ↓ أَرَابَنِى; (M, K;) i. e., to prefix the ا when the verb is made trans.: (M:) accord. to As, (T,) رَابَنِى [signifies he did what made me to doubt, or to have doubt, or suspicion &c, and what I disliked, or hated; for it] is said of a man when thou seest, on his part, what makes thee to doubt, &c., (مَا يُرِيبُكَ, [or مَا يَرِيبُكَ,]) and what thou dislikest, or hatest: (T, S:) and Hudheyl say, ↓ أَرَابَنِى, (T, S, Msb,) or ارابنى أَمْرُهُ, as As says on the authority of 'Eesà

Ibn-'Omar; (M;) and رِبْتُ and ↓ اِــرْتَبْــتُ, meaning I doubted: (Msb:) accord. to IAth, رَابَنِى

الشَّكُّ [an evident mistranscription for رابنى الشَّىْءُ] and ↓ ارابنى both mean شَكَّكَنِى وَ أَوْهَمَنِى الرِّيبَةَ بِهِ [i. e. the thing made me to doubt, and caused me to think that there was that which occasioned doubt, or suspicion &c., in it]; but when you are certain, or sure, of it, you say [only] رَابَنِى, without [an incipient] ا: (TA:) accord. to Lth, رَابَنِى

الأَمْرُ, inf. n. رَيْبٌ, signifies the thing, or event, [app. said only of that which is evil,] betided me, or befell me: and رَابَنِى أَمْرُهُ, his affair, or case, brought upon me doubt (شَكًّا [in the TA شَرًّا i. e. evil]) and fear. (T.) It is said in a trad., of Fátimeh, يَرِيبُنِى مَا يَرِيبُهَا, meaning That displeases and disquiets me which displeases and disquiets her. (TA.) And in another, respecting a gazelle lying curled in sleep, لَا يَرِيبُهُ أَحَدٌ بِشَىْءٍ, meaning No one shall oppose himself to it and disquiet it, or disturb it. (TA.) And in another, مَا رَابَكَ إِلَى قَطْعِهَا, i. e. What disquieted thee and constrained thee to cut it off? as Aboo-Moosà

thinks the phrase may be read: but see another reading voce رَابٌ. (TA.) And in another, دَعْ مَا وَ إِنَّ ↓ يَرِيبُكَ إِلَى مَا لَا يَريبُكَ فَإِنَّ الكَذِبَ رِيبَةٌ الصِّدْقَ طُمَأْنِينَةٌ, (Mgh, TA, *) or, as some relate it, ↓ يُرِيبُكَ, (TA,) i. e. Leave thou that which causeth thee to doubt, (Mgh, TA, *) and occasioneth in thee الرِّيبَة, which originally signifies disquiet, or disturbance, or agitation, of mind, [and hence suspicion &c., and betake thyself to that which will not cause thee to doubt, &c., for verily lying is a thing that occasions disquiet of mind, or doubt, or suspicion &c., and verily veracity is a thing that occasions tranquillity;] because the mind is not at rest when it doubts, but becomes tranquil when it is certain, or sure. (Mgh.) And the Hudhalee, (S, TA,) Khálid Ibn-Zuheyr, (TA,) says, يَا قَوْمِ مَا لِى وَ أَبَا ذُؤَيْبِ كُنْتُ إِذَا أَتَوْتُهُ مِنْ غَيْبِ يَشُمُّ عِطْفِى وَ يَجُرُّ ثَوْبِى

بِرَيْبِ ↓ كَأَنَّنِى أَرَبْتُهُ [O my people, what aileth me with Aboo-Dhueyb? I was (such that) when I came to him after absence, or from being absent, he would smell my side, or my armpit, and pull my garment, as though I disquieted his mind with doubt, or suspicion &c.]: (S and TA, in this art. and in art. بز; but in the latter with يَبُزُّ in the place of its syn. يَجُرُّ:) it is said in the L that اراب is trans. and intrans.; and that he who makes it trans. makes it syn. with رَابَ; and thus it is in the saying of Khálid cited above; the last hemistich of which is also related thus: كَأَنَّنِى قَدْ رِبْتُهُ بِرَيْبِ but ↓ اراب when intrans. signifies أَتَى بِرِيبَةٍ

[meaning he did an act that occasioned doubt, or suspicion &c.]; like as أَلَامَ signifies أَتَى بِمَا يُلَامُ عَلَيْهِ [he did an act for which he was to be blamed]: and agreeably with this signification is expl. the verse ascribed to El-Mutalemmis, or to Beshshár Ibn-Burdeh, أَخُوكَ الَّذِى إِنْ رِبْتَهُ قَالَ إِنَّمَا وَ إِنْ لَايَنْتَهُ لَانَ جَانِبُهْ ↓ أَرَبْتُ [Thy brother is he who, if thou make him to doubt, &c., (or if thou do to him an act occasioning doubt, or suspicion &c., as expl. in the Ham p. 363, where عَاتَبْتَهُ is put in the place of لَايَنْتَهُ,) says, Only I have done what occasions doubt, &c.; and if thou act gently with him, becomes gentle]: thus the verse is correctly related: he who relates it differently, saying أَرَبْتَ, [and thus I find it in two copies of the T,] asserts that إِنْ رِبْتَهُ means if thou make him of necessity to have doubt, or suspicion &c.; and ↓ اربت [here said in the TA to be “ with damm,” but this is evidently a mistranscription for “ with fet-h,” for it cannot mean with damm to the ا, as أُرِبْتَ does not bear an appropriate signification, nor can it mean with damm to the ت, as the explanation relates to the reading of اربت with fet-h to the ت,] means thou hast caused [me] to think that there was that which occasioned doubt, or suspicion &c., when it was not decidedly necessary. (TA.) 4 اراب, as a trans. verb: see 1, in eight places.

A2: As intrans., it signifies He (a man) was, or became, one in whom was something occasioning doubt, or suspicion or evil opinion, or doubt combined with suspicion or evil opinion; i. e. صَارَ ذَا رِيبَةِ: (Sb, T, S, M:) and he did a thing that occasioned doubt, or suspicion &c.: (As, T:) it is said when one is told something of a person, or thinks it, or imagines it: (Msb:) see 1, in the former half of the paragraph; and also, in three places, in the latter part of the same paragraph. Also It (a thing, or an affair, or a case,) was, or became, one in which was something occasioning doubt, or suspicion &c.; i. e. صَارَ ذَا رَيْبٍ (T, K) or ذا رِيبَةٍ. (M.) 5 تَرَيَّبَ see the next paragraph.8 ارتاب He doubted, (S, Msb, K,) فِيهِ [respecting him, or it]. (S.) See 1, in the former half of the paragraph. And ارتاب بِهِ He suspected him, or thought evil of him: (T, M, K:) or he saw on his part [or in him] what caused him to have doubt, or suspicion &c.; as also به ↓ تريّب; (Har p. 257;) and به ↓ استراب; i. e. رَأَى مِنْهُ مَا يَرِيبُهُ: (S, K, and Har ubi suprà:) the last used by [the tribe of] Hudheyl. (TA.) b2: [It often means particularly He was sceptical in matters of religion.]10 استراب He fell into that which occasioned doubt, or suspicion or evil opinion; meaning he feared so that he doubted of safety or security: (Har pp. 256 and 257:) [he conceived doubt, or suspicion or evil opinion:] he doubted: and became infected with suspicion or evil opinion. (Idem p. 309.) See also 8.

رَابٌ Want, or need. (TA.) Hence, in a trad., مَا رَبُكُمْ إِلَيْهِ What is [the reason of] your want of him? or your wanting to ask him? (TA.) And, in another trad., مَا رَابُكَ إِلَى قَطْعِهَا What is [the reason of] thy wanting to cut it off? thus, says El-Khattábee, they relate it, with damm to the ب: but IAth says that it is properly مَا أَرَبُكَ, meaning the same: or, accord. to Aboo-Moosà, the right reading may be ما رَابَكَ, expl. in the preceding paragraph. (TA.) رَيْبٌ is an inf. n. of 1, (T, M, Mgh, Msb, &c.,) as also ↓ رِيبَةٌ, (M, K,) or the latter is a simple subst.: (S, Msb:) the primary signification of the latter [and of the former also when it is used as a simple subst.] is Disquiet, disturbance, or agitation, of mind: (Ksh and Bd in ii. 1:) [and hence] the former signifies doubt; (T, S, Msb;) as also ↓ the latter; (S, Mgh;) because doubt disquiets, or disturbs, the mind: (Ksh and Bd ubi suprà, and Mgh:) and opinion; syn. ظَنٌّ: (Msb:) and ↓ the latter, (S, M, A, Mgh, K,) and the former also, (M, A, K,) doubt, or suspicion or evil opinion; syn. تُهَمَةٌ (S, M, A, Mgh, K) and ظِنَّةٌ: (M, A, K:) or the former, [and ↓ the latter also,] doubt combined with suspicion or evil opinion: (IAth, TA:) and a thing, or an event, or a case, that occasions one doubt, or suspicion or evil opinion, or doubt combined with suspicion or evil opinion; i. e. مَا رَابَكَ مِنْ أَمْرٍ: (S, TA:) [in this last sense, the latter is the more common: hence,] lying is termed رِيبَةٌ in a trad. cited above: see 1: (Mgh:) the ↓ pl. of the latter is رِيَبٌ. (Msb.) A man, and a thing or an event or a case, is said to be ↓ ذُو رِيبَةٍ [as meaning Having in him, or it, something occasioning doubt, or suspicion &c.]. (A.) [لَا رَيْبَ often occurs as meaning There is no doubt; without doubt; undoubtedly.] b2: Hence, رَيْبُ الزَّمَانِ The accidents, or evil accidents, of time, (Ksh and Bd ubi suprà, [in Fleischer's ed. of the latter رِيَب الزمان, which is more agreeable with the explanation, but رَيْب الزمان is more usual,]) that disquiet, or disturb, the minds and hearts: (Ksh:) and رَيْبُ المَنُونِ (S, A) [which likewise signifies] the accidents, or evil accidents, of time: (S:) and رَيْبُ الدَّهْرِ signifies the same; i. e. صَرْفُهُ, (M, K,) or صُرُوفُهُ, (T, Msb,) and حَوَادِثُهُ. (T. [This is said in the TA to be tropical; but I do not find it so characterized in the A.]) b3: [Hence, likewise,] رَيْبٌ also signifies A want; a needful, or requisite, thing, affair, or business; syn. حَاجَةٌ. (S, A, Msb, K.) A poet says, (S,) namely, Kaab Ibn-Málik El-Ansáree, (TA,) قَضَيْنَا مِنْ تِهَامَةَ كُلَّ رَيْبٍ

وَ خَيْبَرَ ثُمَّ أَجْيَيْنَا السُّيُوفَا [We accomplished, from Tihámeh, every want, and from Kheyber: then we gave rest to our swords]. (S.) A2: [ريب mentioned by Freytag as applied in art. دلس of the S to a certain plant, and written رَيْب in both of my copies of the S in that art., is a mistake for رَبَب, which is the reading in the TA, pl. of رِبَّةٌ.]

رِيبَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in six places. b2: [It often means particularly Scepticism in matters of religion.]

أَمْرٌ رَيَّابٌ A thing, or an event, or a case, that frightens, or terrifies. (M, K.) رَائِبٌ [act. part. n. of 1; Causing, or occasioning, doubt, or suspicion or evil opinion, &c.] IAar says that Aboo-Bekr is related to have said, in his charge to 'Omar, عَلَيْكَ بِالرَّائِبِ مِنَ الأُمُورِ وَ إِيَّاك وَ الرَّائِبَ مِنْهَا, which Th explains as meaning Keep thou to what is clear, free from dubiousness or confusedness, of affairs, and beware thou of, or avoid thou, what has in it dubiousness, or confusedness, thereof: (T, TA:) the first is from رَابَ of which the aor. is يَرُوبُ, said of milk; and the second is from رَابَ of which the aor. is يَرِيبُ. (TA.) [See also a verse cited voce رَائِبٌ in art. روب, and my remark thereon.]

مُرِيبٌ, applied to a man, (T, S, A,) and to a thing or an event, (M, A,) i. q. ذُو رِيبَةٍ [expl. above, voce رَيْبٌ]. (T, S, M, A.) إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا فِى

شَكٍّ مُرِيبٍ, in the Kur xxxiv. last verse, means Verily they were in doubt causing to fall into suspicion or evil opinion: or it means ذِى رِيبَةٍ

[having in it something occasioning suspicion &c.]: (Ksh and Bd:) or ذِى رَيْبٍ [which means the same: or attended with disquiet, or disturbance, or agitation, of mind]: (M, TA:) [see its verb, 4:] it may be from the trans. or from the intrans. verb. (Ksh.) مُرْتَابٌ Doubting [or suspecting]. (Msb.) b2: [It often means particularly Sceptical, or a sceptic, in matters of religion.

A2: And مُرْتَابٌ فِيهِ, or بِهِ, Doubted of, or suspected.]

رفت

1 رَفَتَهُ, (T, M, A, K,) aor. ـِ and رَفُتَ, (M, K,) inf. n. رَفْتٌ, (M,) He broke it; (T, M, K;) or broke it in pieces: (T:) he crushed, bruised, brayed, or pounded, it: (M, K:) he crumbled it, or broke it into small pieces, with his hand, like as is done with lumps of dry clay, and old and decayed bones. (A.) And رُفِتَ It was broken; or broken in pieces; [&c.] (Akh, S.) You say, رَفَتَ عُنُقَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. as above, He broke, or crushed, his neck. (Lh, M.) And رَفَتَ عِظَامَ الجَزُورِ He broke the bones of the slaughtered camel, in order to cook them and to extract their grease. (T.) and one says of him who does that from which he finds it difficult to liberate himself, الضَّبُعُ تَرْقُتُ العِظَامَ وَلَا تَعْرِفُ قَدْرَ اسْتِهَا تَأْكُلُهَا ثُمَّ يَعْسُرُ عَلَيْهَا خُرُوجُهَا [The hyena breaks in pieces the bones, but knows not the size of its anus: it eats them; then their exit becomes difficult to it]. (A.) b2: [Hence,] رَفَتَ العَطَشَ (assumed tropical:) It (water) broke the vehemence of thirst. (Z, TA in art. فرت.) A2: (See also 9.) 2 رفّتهُ, inf. n. تَرْفِيتٌ, He broke it [app. much, or into many pieces]: b2: and hence, (assumed tropical:) He dishonoured, despised, or condemned, him; تَرْفِيتٌ being syn. with تَحْقِيرٌ, and contr. of تَرْفِيلٌ and تَعْظِيمٌ. (Er-Rághib, TA. *) 9 ارفتّ, as also ↓ رَفَتَ, (M, K,) the latter being intrans. as well as trans., (K, * TA,) It was, or became, broken, broken in pieces, crushed, bruised, brayed, or pounded: (M, K:) said of a bone; i. e., it became what is termed رُفَاتٌ. (M.) and It became cut or broken, cut off or broken off; it broke, or broke off: (K, TA:) the former is said, in this sense, of a rope. (A, TA.) رُفَتٌ i. q. تِبْنٌ [i. e. Straw; or straw that has been trodden, or thrashed, and cut: also written رُفَّةٌ, and رُفَةٌ, and رُفَةٌ]. (IAar, T, K.) It is said in a prov., أَنَا أَغْنَى عَنْكَ مِنَ التُّفَهِ عَنِ الرُّفَتِ, (TA,) or إِلَى الرُّفَتِ (T,) [I am more free from the want of thee than the badger is from the want of straw, or cut straw]: the تفه is what is called عَنَاقُ الأَرْضِ, which has a canine tooth, and does not procure for itself straw nor herbage; and the word is written with ه; but الرفت is with ت: (T:) or, accord. to ISk, the two words are correctly without teshdeed, and with the radical ه. (TA in art. تفه.) [See also رُفَهٌ.]

A2: Also One who breaks, breaks in pieces, crushes, bruises, brays, pounds, or crumbles, anything, or everything. (K, * TA.) رِفْتَةٌ A mode, or manner, of breaking, breaking in pieces, crushing, &c. (Lh, M.) رُفَاتٌ A thing, (M,) an old and decayed bone, (A, TA,) or anything, (L, TA,) broken, broken in pieces, crushed, bruised, brayed, or pounded; (M, L, TA;) or crumbled, or broken into small pieces with the hand; (A, TA;) or a thing that has become old and worn out, and crumbled, or broken into small pieces: ('Ináyeh, TA: [see مَرْفُوتٌ:]) or broken, or crumbled, particles; fragments, or crumbs; of a thing that is dry, (T, S, A, K, TA,) of any kind; (T;) [as, for instance,] of musk. (A, TA.) Hence, in the Kur [xvii. 52 and 100], أَئِذَا كُنَّا عِظَامًا وَرُفَاتًا When we shall have become bones and broken particles? (S, M, TA.) [Hence also the phrase] لَا بِرْفَاتِكَ, meaning No, by thy ancestors who have become broken and crumbled bones in the dust. (Har p. 634.) And [hence one says,] هُوَ الَّذِى أَعَادَ المَكَارِمَ وَأَحْيَا رُفَاتَهَا وَأَنْشَرَ أَمْوَاتَهَا (tropical:) [He is the person who has restored generous qualities or actions, and revived such of them as had decayed, and brought to life again such of them as had become dead]. (A, TA.) مَرْفُوتٌ Broken, broken in pieces, &c. (Akh, S. [See رُفَاتٌ.])

ركز

1 رَكَزَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K) and رَكِزَ, (K,) inf. n. رَكْزٌ, (S, A, Msb,) He stuck, or fixed, a spear, (S, A, Msb, K,) and a stick, (A,) or some other thing, (TA,) into the ground, (S, A, Msb, K,) upright; (TA;) as also ↓ ركّز, (K,) inf. n. تَرْكِيزٌ. (TA.) You say also, رَكَزَ الحَرُّ السَّفَى, aor. ـُ inf. n. رَكْزٌ, The heat made the thornbushes fast in the ground [by hardening the soil]. (TA.) And رَكَزَ اللّٰهُ المعَادِنَ فِى الجِبَالِ God fixed the metals, or minerals, in the mountains: (A, TA:) or caused them to exist therein. (K, * TA.) And رَكَزَ المَالَ, inf. n. as above, He buried the property. (TA.) 2 رَكَّزَ see the preceding paragraph.4 اركز He (a man) found what is termed رِكَاز: (S, A, * K:) or his mine yielded him abundance of silver &c.: (TA:) or he found a [quantity of gold or silver equal to a sum of money such as is termed] بَدْرَة, collected together, in the mine. (Es-Sháfi'ee, TA.) b2: It (a mine) had in it what is termed رِكَاز: (K:) or what is so termed was found in it. (IAar, TA.) 8 ارتكز It (a spear) became stuck, or fixed, in the ground. (Msb.) b2: (tropical:) He became fixed (K, * TA) in his place of abode. (TA.) You say, دَخَلَ فُلَانٌ فَارْتَكَزَ فِى مَحَلِّهِ لَا يَبْرَحُ (tropical:) [Such a one entered, and remained fixed in his place of abode, not quitting it]. (A, TA.) b3: ارتكز عَلَى القَوْسِ (tropical:) He put the extremity of the bow upon the ground and leaned upon it. (S, A, * TA.) and ارتكز على رُمْحِهِ (assumed tropical:) He bore (تَحَامَلَ) upon the head of his spear, leaning upon it, in order that he might die. (Mgh, from a trad.) رِكْزٌ A sound: (Fr, TA:) or a low sound; (S, A, K;) i. q. حِسٌّ: (K:) or a sound that is not vehement: or the sound, or voice, of a man, which one hears from afar; such as that of the hunter talking to his dogs. (TA.) So in the Kur [xix. last verse], أَوْتَسْمَعُ لَهُمْ رِكْزًا [Or dost thou hear a sound of them? &c.]. (S, TA.) [See فَهَرَ.]

b2: [Golius assigns to it also the signification of Beauty (pulchritudo); app. from his having found, in a copy of the K, وَالحُسْنُ in the place of والحِسُّ.]

A2: Also An intelligent, forbearing, liberal or munificent, man: (AA:) or a learned, intelligent, liberal or munificent, generous, man. (K.) رِكْزَةٌ: see رَِكَازٌ. b2: (tropical:) Firmness of understanding; (Fr, K;) strength thereof. (A, TA.) Fr says, I heard one of the Benoo-Asad say, كَلَّمْتُ فُلَانًا فَمَا رَأَيْتُ لَهُ رِكْزَةً(tropical:) I spoke to such a one, and I found him not to have firmness of understanding. (TA.) رِكَازٌ Metal, or other mineral; (A, Mgh, TA;) what God has caused to exist (رَكَزَهُ, i. e. أَحْدَثَهُ,) in the mines; (K;) meaning تِبْر that is created in the earth; (TA;) as also ↓ رَكِيزَةٌ: (K:) the former is pl. of ↓ رِكْزَةٌ: (K:) or it is pl. of ↓ رَكِيزَةٌ: (Ahmad Ibn-Khálid, TA:) and pieces (K, TA) of large size, like [stones such as are called]

جَلَامِيد, (TA,) of silver and of gold, (K, TA,) that are extracted from the earth, (TA,) or from the mine: (K, TA:) accord. to the people of El-'Irák, any metals or other minerals: (TA:) or [so in the A and Mgh, and accord. to the TA, but in the K “ and,”] buried treasure (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) of the people of the Time of Ignorance: (S, Msb, K:) the first of the significations given above is the primary one: and ancient wealth [buried in the earth] is likened to metals or minerals: or, accord. to certain of the people of El-Hijáz, it signifies specially property buried by men before the period of El-Islám; and not metals or other minerals. (TA.) It is said in a trad., that the fifth part of what is termed رِكَازٌ is for the government-treasury: (S, * TA:) or, accord. to another relation, of what is termed ↓ رَكِيزٌ: as though it [the latter] were pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] of ↓ رَكِيزَةٌ, or [the former] of ↓ رِكَازَةٌ. (TA.) رَكِيزٌ: see رِكَازٌ, last sentence.

رِكَازَةٌ: see رِكَازٌ, last sentence.

رَكِيزَةٌ: see رِكَازٌ, in three places: A2: see also مَرْكَزٌ.

رَاكِزٌ A thing that is firm, or fixed. (Mgh.) [Hence,] one says, عِزُّهُمْ رَاكِزٌ (tropical:) Their might, or glory, is firmly established. (A, TA.) مَرْكَزٌ A place where a spear or other thing is stuck, or fixed, into the ground, upright: (TA:) a place of firmness, or fixedness. (Msb.) b2: (tropical:) The place of a man; his place of alighting or abiding. (S, K.) b3: (tropical:) The station of an army, or of a body of troops or soldiers, to which its occupants are commanded to keep. (K, TA.) You say, هٰذَا مَرْكَزُ الخَيْلِ (tropical:) [This is the fixed station of the cavalry]. (A.) Pl. مَرَاكِزُ. (A.) b4: The centre of a circle. (S, K.) b5: ↓ رَكِيزَةٌ signifies the same as مَرْكَزٌ [but in what sense I do not find pointed out]. (TA.) إِنَّهُ مَرْكُوزٌ فِى العُقُولِ (tropical:) [Verily it is firmly fixed in the minds, or understandings]. (A, TA.)

ربع

1 رَبَعَهُمْ, aor. ـَ and رَبُعَ and رَبِعَ, (Msb, K,) inf. n. رَبْعٌ, (TA,) He took the fourth part of their property, or possessions. (Msb, K.) And (so in the K, but in the Msb “ or,”) رَبَعَهُمْ, (S, Sgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (S, Sgh, Msb) and رَبُعَ and رَبِعَ, (Sgh, Msb,) not, as is implied in the K, رَبِعَ only, (TA,) [or rather, not رَبَعَ only,] inf. n. as above, and رباعة [most probably رباعَةٌ] also, (L,) He took the fourth part of their spoil: (S, Sgh, Msb, K:) i. e., of the spoil of an army: this was done in the Time of Ignorance, but El-Islám reduced it to a fifth part; (K;) as is declared in the Kur viii.

42. (TA.) It is said in a trad., أَلَمْ أَجْعَلْكَ تَرْبَعُ وَتَدْسَعُ, (S, * TA,) mentioned [and explained] in art. دسع, q. v.: the meaning [intended] is, Did I not make thee an obeyed chief? (TA.) b2: and رَبَعَهُمْ, (S, Sgh, Msb,) or رَبَعَ الثَّلَاثَةَ, (K,) aor. ـَ (S, Sgh, Msb, K) and رَبُعَ and رَبِعَ, (Sgh, Msb, K,) [inf. n., app., رَبْعٌ,] He became the fourth of them; (S, Sgh, Msb;) or, the fourth of the three: (TA:) or he made the three to be four by [adding to them] himself. (K.) And رَبَعَهُمْ also signifies He made them, by adding himself to them, forty: or, four and forty. (K, * TA.) And He made them (namely thirteen) to be fourteen. (T in art. ثلث.) b3: رَبَعَهُ, aor. ـَ (S, K,) inf. n. رَبعٌ, (S,) He twisted it (namely a bow-string, S, TA, and a rope, or cord, K, TA) of four twists, or strands. (S, K.) A2: رَبَعَت الإِبِلُ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. رَبْعٌ, (TA,) i. q. ↓ وَرَدَتِ الرِّبْعَ; (S, K;) i. e., The camels, having been kept from the water three days [counting two portions of days as one of those days], or four days [counting two portions of days as two days (for the difference is only verbal)], and three [whole] nights, came to the water on the fourth day [counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first]. (K.) [See رِبْعٌ, below. Another meaning of this phrase will be found later in the present paragraph.] Hence, أَرْبَعَ المَرِيضَ: see 4. (TA.) b2: رَبَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الحُمَّى, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. رَبْعٌ; (Msb;) and عَلَيْهِ ↓ أَرْبَعَتْ, (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ أَرْبَعَتْهُ, but not رَبَعَتْهُ; (IAar;) or the phrase used by the Arabs is عليه الحمّى ↓ أَرْبَعَتْ: (Az, TA:) The fever seized him on one day and left him two days and then came again on the fourth day [counting the day of the next preceding fit as the first], (S, Msb, K,) and so on. (Msb.) and رُبِعَ, and ↓ أْرْبِعَ, (S, K,) and ↓ أَرْبَعَ is said to be also used in the same sense, (TA,) He had, or was seized by, a quartan fever; a fever of the kind described above. (S, K, TA.) b3: رَبَعَ said of a horse, He came fourth in the race. (T, M, L, all in art. ثلث.) A3: رُبِعَ, said of a man, also signifies He was hit, or hurt, in the أَرْبَاع, meaning regions, of his head. (TA.) A4: رَبَعَ المَطَرُ الأَرْضَ [The rain watered the earth and made it to produce herbage: see رَبِيعٌ]. (TA.) And رُبِعَتِ الأَرْضُ The land was watered by the rain in the season called رَبِيع. (S.) And رُبِعُوا They were rained upon by the rain of the season called رَبِيع; (K, * TA;) similar to قِيظُوا and صِيفُوا: (TA in art. قيظ:) and in like manner, رُبِعَتِ الإِبِلُ The camels were rained upon by that rain: and مَرْبَعٌ may be an inf. n. thereof. (Ham p. 425.) b2: Hence, i. e. from رَبَعَ المَطَرُالأَرْضَ, the phrase, رَبَعَ الفَرَسُ عَلَى قَوَائِمِهِ (assumed tropical:) The horse sweated in his legs. (TA.) b3: And [hence also,] رَبَعَهُ اللّٰهُ (tropical:) God restored him from a state of poverty to wealth or competence or sufficiency; recovered him from his embarassment or difficulty, or from a state of perdition or destruction. (TA.) A5: رَبَعَ الرَّبِيعُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رُبُوعٌ, The [season called] ربيع commenced. (TA.) b2: رَبَعَ بِالمَكَانِ, (K, TA,) aor. ـَ inf. n. رَبْعٌ, (TA,) in its primary acceptation, signifies He remained, abode, or dwelt, in the place in the [season called]

رَبِيع; (TA;) as also بِهِ ↓ ارتبــع. (S, K.) b3: and hence, (TA,) (tropical:) He remained, abode, or dwell, in the place, (K, TA,) in any circumstances, and at any time; (TA;) he took it as his home. (K.) b4: Also He alighted and abode wherever he would, in the place, in abundance of herbage, and pasturage. (K, * TA.) b5: رَبَعَتِ الإِبِلُ, (K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. رَبْعٌ, (TA,) The camels fed by themselves in the pasturage, and ate as they pleased, and drank. (K.) [Another meaning of this phrase has been mentioned before.] b6: رَبَعَ فِى المَآءَ He (a man, TA) acted according to his own opinion or judgment, or did what he judged fit, with respect to the water. (K.) b7: رَبَعَ, (K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. رَبْعٌ, (TA,) said of a man, also signifies He had, or obtained, abundance of herbage (K, TA) [arising] from the [season, or rain, called] رَبِيع. (TA.) b8: Also, [app. from رَبَعَ بِالمَكَانِ in the second of the senses explained above, and if so, tropical, or doubly tropical,] aor. َ0, (assumed tropical:) He (a man, ISk, S) paused, (ISk, S, K,) and acted, or behaved, with deliberation or in a leisurely manner, (K,) and withheld himself. (ISk, S, K.) And [hence,] رَبَعَ عَلَيْهِ, (K,) inf. n. رَبْعٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He was affectionate, or pitiful, or compassionate, towards him: (K:) or he acted gently towards him. (TA.) And رَبَعَ عَنْهُ (K,) inf. n. رَبْعٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He restrained himself, refrained, abstained, or desisted, from it. (K.) The phrases اِرْبَعْ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ and اربع على ظَلْعِكَ (S, K) and اربع عَلَيْكَ (K) are from رَبَعَ in the sense of “ he paused,” &c., (S, K,) as explained by ISk, (S,) [or in one of the senses following that,] meaning (assumed tropical:) Deal thou gently with thyself; moderate thyself; restrain thyself: (S, TA:) or behave thou with deliberation, or in a leisurely manner: or the second of these phrases may mean continue thou notwithstanding thy slight lameness: or it may be from رَبَعَ الحَجَرَ, [q. v. infrà,] meaning take thou it, or reach it, notwithstanding thy slight lameness. (TA.) The phrase اِرْبَعِى بِنَفْسِكِ, or عَلَى نَفْسِكِ, in the trad. of Subey'ah El-Aslameeyeh, accord. to two different relations, admits of two interpretations: one is, (assumed tropical:) Pause thou, and wait for the completion of the عِدَّة [q. v.] of decease; and this is accord. to the persuasion of those who say that her عدّة is the more remote of the two periods, which is the persuasion of 'Alee and I'Ab: the second is, from رَبَعَ الرّجُلُ signifying “ the man had, or obtained, abundance of herbage,” and the meaning is, (assumed tropical:) relieve thou thyself, and release thyself from the straitness of the عدّة, and the evil of thy condition; and this is accord. to the persuasion of those who hold that her عدّة is the nearer of the two periods; and hence 'Omar said, “If she bring forth when her husband is on his bier, meaning, not buried, it is allowable for her to marry. ” (TA.) It is also said, in another trad., لَا يَرْبَعُ عَلَى ظَلْعِكَ مَنْ لَا يُحْزِنُهُ أَمْرُكَ, i. e. (assumed tropical:) He will not restrain himself, and be patient with thee, whom thy case does not grieve. (TA.) And it is said in a prov., حَدِّثِ امْرَأَةً حَدِيثَيْنِ فَإِنْ أَبَتْ فَارْبَعْ, i. e. (assumed tropical:) Speak thou to a woman twice; and if she refuse, abstain thou: or, accord. to one relation, it is ↓ فَأَرْبِعْ: and accord. to another, فَارْبَعْهُ, i. e., then add; for she is very weak in understanding; if she understand not, then make thou the two speeches to be four: Aboo-Sa'eed says, فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْهَمْ بَعْدَ الأَرْبَعَةِ فَالْمِرْبَعَة, i. e., [and if she understand not after the four, then] the stick [is to be used; or, then use thou the stick]: the prov. applies to the hearing and answering in an evil manner. (TA.) You say also, رَبَعَتْ عَلَى عَقْلِ فُلَانٍ وَكَسَرَ فِيهَا رِبَاعَهُ, inf. n. رِبَاعَةٌ, (tropical:) [app. She behaved in a gentle and coaxing manner so as to get the better of the reason, or understanding, of such a one, and he sold his houses one after another to expend upon her;] i. e., he expended upon her all that he possessed, so that he sold his dwellings. (TA. [The و before كسر is not in the TA; but as it seems to have been dropped by inadvertence, I have supplied it.]) A6: رَبَعَ الفَصِيلُ The young camel widened his stepping, and ran; as also ↓ ارتبــع. (TA.) A7: رَبَعَ الحَجَرَ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. رَبْعٌ; (TA;) and ↓ ارتبــعهُ; (S;) He raised, or lifted, the stone, (S, K, TA,) with the hand; (K, TA;) or carried it; (TA;) for trial of strength. (K.) It is said in a trad., مَرَّ بِقَوْمٍ يَرْبَعُونَ حَجَرًا, [He passed by a company of men raising, &c., a stone]; and ↓ يَــرْتَبِــعُونَ [signifies the same]; (S;) and ↓ يَتَرَبَّعُونَ. (Z, TA.) b2: رَبَعَ الحِمْلَ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. رَبْعٌ (TA,) He put the [staff, or small staff, called] مِرْبَعَة beneath the load, and took hold of one end of the former, while another took hold of the other end, and then raised it, (S, K,) with the help of his companion, (K,) upon the camel, (S,) or upon the beast. (K,) [See also 3.]

A8: رَبِعَ بِعَيْشِهِ He (a man) approved his life; was satisfied, or content, with it. (TA.) 2 ربّعهُ, inf. n. تَرْبِيعٌ, He made it four. (EshSheybánee, K voce وَحَّدَهُ.) b2: He made it (a thing) مُرَبَّع; (S, K;) i. e. he made it to have four portions [or sides or faces or angles &c.]: or he made it of the form of a thing having four legs; or of the form of a quadruped. (TA.) b3: فُلَانٌ يُثَلِّثُ وَلَا يُرَبَبّعُ Such a one counts three Khaleefehs, [namely, Aboo-Bekr and 'Omar and 'Othmán,] and [does not count a fourth, i. e.,] rejects [' Alee,] the fourth. (TA in art. ثلث.) b4: رَبَّعَتْ She brought forth her fourth offspring. (TA in art. بكر.) b5: ربّع لِامْرَأَتِهِ, or عِنْدَهَا, He remained four nights with his wife: and in like manner the verb is used in relation to any saying or action. (TA voce سَبَّعَ.) b6: تَرْبِيعٌ also signifies [The watering of seed-produce on the fourth day, counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first;] the watering of seed-produce that is [next] after the تَثْلِيث. (TA.) [You say, ربّع الزَّرْعَ He watered the seed-produce on the fourth day, &c.]3 عَامَلَهُ مُرَابَعَةً, (Ks, S, K,) or اِسْتَأْجَرَهُ مُرَابَعَةً, and رِبَاعاً, (K,) [He bargained with him for work, or he hired him, or took him as a hireling, by, or for, the season called رِبَيع,] is from الرَّبِيع, (K,) like مُشَاهَرَةً (Ks, S, K) from الشَّهْرُ, (K,) and مُصَايَفَةً (Ks, S, TA) from الصَّيْفُ, &c. (TA.) A2: مُرَابَعَةٌ also signifies The taking hold of the hand of another person beneath a load, and so raising it upon the camel, without a [staff, or small staff, such as is called] مِرْبَعَة. (S, * K, * TA.) You say, رَابَعَهُ He took hold of his hand &c. (IAar.) [See also 1; last signification but one.]4 اربع القَوْمُ The party of men (three in number, Msb) became four: (S, Msb, K: [but in the last of these, mentioned after another signification with which it is connected by the conjunction أَوْ “ or ”]) or, became forty. (TA.) A2: أَرْبَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الحُمَّى, and أَرْبَعَتْهُ, and أُرْبِعَ, and أَرْبَعَ: see رَبَعَتْ عليه الحمّى, [which is from رَبَعَتِ الأِبِلُ,] in three places; and رُبِعَ, in two places. b2: أَغِبُّوا فِى عِيَادَةِ المَرِيضِ وَأَرْبِعُوا, occurring in a trad., [Come ye every third day, and every fourth day, counting the day of the next preceding visit as the first, in visiting the sick; or, which is the same, leave ye him one day, and] leave ye him two days, and come to him on the third day, in visiting the sick; unless he be overcome [by his sickness]: (S, TA:) this is [in like manner] from the water-ing of camels termed رِبْعٌ. (TA.) You say also, أَرْبَعَ المَرِيضَ He omitted visiting the sick man two days, and came to him on the third; (O, K;) or, as in the L, and in [some of] the copies of the S, on the fourth [if counting the day of the next preceding visit as the first]. (TA.) b3: [Hence also,] اربع عَلَيْهِ السَّائِلُ The asker, or beggar, asked, or begged, then went away, and then returned. (Ibn-' Abbád, Sgh, K. *) b4: And اربع بِالْمَرْأَةِ He returned to the مُجَامَعَة of the woman without langour: (L:) or اربع alone, said of a man, multum coïvit. (Ibn-' Abbád, K.) b5: and اربع الوِرْدُ, (O, K,) i. e. أَرْبَعَتِ الإِبِلُ بِالْوِرْدِ, (TA,) The camels quickly returned to watering, (O, * K, * TA,) so that they came to water without any appointed time: (TA:) mentioned by A 'Obeyd as written with the pointed غ, which is a mistranscription. (L, TA.) b6: And اربع said of the water of a well, It [returned quickly so that it] became abundant, or copious. (K.) b7: Said of a man, it also signifies ↓ وَرَدَتْ إِبِلُهُ رِبْغًا; (S;) [meaning] He was, or became, one whose camels came in the state in which they are termed رَوَابِع [i. e. being watered on the fourth day, counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first: from رَبَعَتِ الإِبِلُ: whence, likewise, what next follows]. (TA.) b8: اربع الإِبِلَ He watered the camels in the manner termed رِبْعًا [i. e. on the fourth day, counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first]. (TA.) b9: This last phrase, also, (K,) or اربع الإِبِلَ عَلَى المَآءِ, (As,) signifies He sent and left the camels to go to the water whenever they pleased. (As, K. *) [Another signification of the verb thus applied will be found below.]

A3: اربع, (inf. n. إِرْبَاعٌ, S, Msb) He (a sheep or goat, a bull, a solid-hoofed beast, and a camel,) became what is termed رَبَاعٍ: i. e., he shed the tooth called رَبَاعِيَة: (S, Msb, K:) it is when they do this that the camel and the horse begin to be strong. (TA.) A4: اربع القَوْمُ The people, or company of men, entered the [season called] رَبِيع: (S, K:) or [app. a mistake for “ and ”] it has the first of the significations mentioned in this paragraph. (K.) b2: And (so in the S, but in the K “ or ”) The people, or company of men, remained in the place where they had alighted and taken up their abode in the [season called] رَبِيع, abstaining from seeking after herbage; (S, K, TA;) the rain having been general, they remained where they were, because of the general fertility, not needing to remove for seeking after herbage. (TA.) [See also رَبَعَ بِالمَكَانِ.] b3: And The people, or company of men, came to, or arrived at, land of seed-produce and fruitfulness, and water. (TA.) b4: اربع الغَيْثُ The rain caused the [herbage called] رَبِيع to grow: (TA:) or the rain confined the people in their رِبَاع [or dwellings] by reason of its abundance. (Msb.) b5: اربعت الأَرْضُ The earth, or land, produced herbage. (Msb in art. جمد.) b6: اربع said of a man, (tropical:) He had offspring born to him in the prime of his manhood: (S, TA:) this being likened to the [season called] رَبِيع (TA.) b7: اربع إِبِلَهُ بِمَكَانِ كَذَا He pastured his camels in the [season called] رَبِيع in such a place. (S.) b8: اربعت النَّاقَةُ The she-camel's womb was, or became, closed, (اِسْتَغْلَقَتْ رَحِمُهَا,) so that it did not admit the seminal fluid; (Lth, K;) [perhaps because this commonly takes place in the season called رَبِيع, meaning either the spring or the season called رَبِيعُ الكَلَأِ; the usual season of the coupling of camels being winter;] as also ↓ ارتبــعت. (TA.) A5: اربع لَهَا بِا لكَلَامِ He made an abominable request to her; mentioned in the T in art. عذم; (TA;) meaning سَأَلَهَا الوَطْءَ فِى الدُّبُرِ. (TA in art. عذم.) A6: See also a prov. mentioned in the latter part of the first paragraph.5 تربّع فِى جُلُوسِهِ (S, K) [He crossed his legs in his sitting; i. e. he sat cross-legged; because a person who does so puts himself in such a posture as to occupy nearly a square space;] contr. of جَثَا and أَقْعَى. (K.) A2: تربّع said of a camel, (S, K,) and of a horse, (TA,) He ate the [herbage called] رَبِيع (S, K, TA,) and in consequence became brisk, lively, or sprightly, (TA,) and fat; (K, TA;) and ↓ ارتبــع signifies the same: (S, K:) or تربّعوا and ↓ ارتبــعوا signify they lighted on, or found, [herbage called] رَبِيع: or they lighted on it, or found it, and remained among it: and تربّعت الإِبِلُ بِمَكَانِ كَذَا The camels remained, or abode, in such a place. (TA.) You say also, تَرَبَّعْنَا فِى الحَزْنِ وَالصَّمَّانِ We pastured upon the herbs, or leguminous plants, during the winter, upon the rugged ground and the hard and stony ground by the side of sand. (TA.) b2: تربّعت النَّخِيلُ The palm-trees had their fruit cut off; (TA, and in some copies of the K;) [because this is done in the autumn, which is called الرّبِيع.]

A3: See also 1, near the end of the paragraph. b2: [Hence,] تربّعت النَّاقَةُ سَنَامًا طَوِيلًا The she-camel carried a tall hump. (K.) 6 ترابعوا حَجَرًا [They vied, one with another, in lifting a stone, for trial of strength: see رَبَعَ الحَجَرَ]. (TA in art. جذو.) 8 ارتبــع He (a. camel) beat [the ground] with all his legs, in going along; (S;) and went quickly. (TA.) b2: See also 1, near the end of the paragraph.

A2: He (a man) was of middling stature, neither tall nor short. (S.) A3: See also رَبَعَ بِالمَكَانِ: b2: and see 5, in two places: b3: and 4, near the end of the paragraph: A4: see also رَبَعَ الحَجَرَ, in two places, near the end of 1.

A5: ارتبــع أَمْرَ القَوْمِ He looked for, expected, or awaited, his being made commander, or lord, over the people, or party of men. (TA.) 10 استربعهُ He had power, or ability, for it, to do it, or to bear or endure it: (IAar:) from رَبَعَ الحَجَرَ. (Az.) b2: [Hence also,] استربع said of a camel, He was, or became, strong, لِلسَّيْرِ for journeying. (ISk, K.) b3: It (sand) became heaped up. (Az, K.) b4: It (dust) rose; or rose high. (Az, K.) رَبْعٌ A place where people remain, abide, or dwell, in the [season called] رَبِيع; (K, TA;) as also ↓ مَرْبَعٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ مُــرْتَبَــعٌ: (K, TA:) this is the primary signification: (TA:) and hence, (TA,) (tropical:) a place of alighting or abode, (Sh, S, Msb, K, TA,) of a people, or company of men; (Msb;) a settled place of abode; a place of constant residence; a dwelling; a home; whenever and wherever it be; as also ↓ مَرْبَعٌ, and ↓ مُــرْتَبَــعٌ: (TA:) and (assumed tropical:) a house, wherever it be: (S, Mgh, K:) [in Egypt, a range of distinct lodgings over shops or magazines, separate from the shops or magazines, but generally having one common entrance and staircase:] pl. [of mult.] رِبَاعٌ and رُبُوعٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and [of pauc.] أَرْبَاعٌ and أَرْبُعٌ: (S, Msb, K:) and the pl. of ↓ مَرْبَعٌ is مَرَابِعُ. (S.) You say, مَا أَوْسَعَ رَبْعَ بَنِى فُلَانٍ (tropical:) How ample, or spacious, is the place of alighting, or abode, of the sons of such a one! (S, TA.) b2: Hence, also, (tropical:) The people of a place of alighting or abode; (Sh, Msb, TA;) the people of a house or tent: (Aboo-Málik, TA:) a company of men or people: (K:) a large number: (IB:) pl. as above: (Msb:) رُبُوعٌ signifies the people of places of alighting or abode: (Sh:) and also tribes. (TA.) You say, أَكَثَرَ اللّٰهُ رَبْعَكَ (tropical:) May God multiply the people of thy house or tent. (TA.) And هُمُ اليَوْمَ رَبْعٌ (tropical:) They now, or to-day, [are a large number; or] have become many, and have increased. (TA.) b3: [Hence, also,] (assumed tropical:) A bier; or a bier with a corpse upon it; syn. نَعْشٌ. (K, TA: [in the CK نَفْس.]) So in the saying, حَمَلْتُ رَبْعَهُ (assumed tropical:) [I bore, or carried, his bier, or his bier with his corpse upon it]. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) The extremity of a mountain. (TA.) [App. because travellers often stop and rest there.]

A2: Also i. q. ↓ رَبْعَةٌ, (L, Msb, K,) which signifies, (S, L, &c.,) as also ↓ رَبَعَةٌ, and ↓ مَرْبُوعٌ, (L, Msb, K,) or الخَلْقِ ↓ مَرْبُوعُ, (S, Mgh, L,) and ↓ مُــرْتَبِــعٌ, (S, L, K,) and ↓ مُــرْتَبَــعٌ, (L, K,) and ↓ مِرْبَاعٌ, (K, but this last [says SM] I have not seen in the lexicons, except applied by the author of the “ Mo-heet ” as an epithet to a rope, TA,) applied to a man, (S, L, &c.,) Of middling stature; (Msb;) neither tall nor short; (S, L;) between tall and short: (K:) and so, applied to a woman, ↓ رَبْعَةٌ (S, Mgh, L, Msb, K) and ↓ رَبَعَةٌ, (L, Msb,) though originally applied to a man, like خَمْسَةٌ &c.: (L:) the pl. of رَبْعٌ is رَبْعُونَ: (Fr:) and that of ↓ رَبْعَةٌ is رَبَعَاتٌ, applied to men and to women, (S, Mgh, L, K,) and رَبْعَاتٌ also; (IAar, Fr, L, K) the former of these two pls. being anomalous, because a word of the measure فَعْلَةٌ has not its medial radical movent when it is an epithet, but only when it is a subst. and has not و or ي for that radical; (S, O, K;) or the medial radical is movent in this instance because رَبْعَةٌ is originally a fem. subst. applied to a male and a female, and used as an epithet; (L;) or because it resembles a subst. in its being applied alike to a man and a woman. (Az.) رُبْعٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ رُبُعٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the former a contraction of the latter, (Msb,) [which is the more chaste, but the former is the more common,] A fourth part; (S, Msb, K;) one of four parts; (Mgh;;) as also ↓ رَبِيعٌ, (Msb, K,) like عَشِيرٌ; (TA;) and ↓ مِرْبَاعٌ, like مِعْشَارٌ: (Ktr, and S:) or the last signifies, (Msb, K,) or signifies also, (S,) the fourth part of the spoil, which the chief used to take (S, Msb, K) in the Time of Ignorance: (K:) the pl. of رُبْعٌ and ↓ رُبُعٌ is أَرْبَاعٌ [a pl. of pauc.] (Msb, TA) and رُبُوعٌ [a pl. of mult]: (TA:) and that of ↓ رَبِيعٌ is رُبُعٌ (K.) b2: الرُّبْعُ الهَاشِمِىُّ The same as the صَاع; because the قَفِيز is twelve times what is termed مَنّ: but الرُّبْعُ الحَجَّاجِىُّ is the same as the مُدّ, which is a quarter of what is termed الصَّاعُ الحَجَّاجِىُّ. (Mgh.) [In Egypt, the رُبْع is the fourth part of a وُيْبَة, q. v.] b3: أَرْبَاعُ الرَّأْسِ The [four] regions of the head. (TA.) رِبْعٌ The ظِمْء [or interval between two water-ings, or keeping from water during that interval,] which is meant in the phrase رَبَعَتِ الإِبِلُ [q. v.]; (S;) a certain ظِمْء of camels, respecting which authors differ: (TA:) it is when camels are kept from the water three days [counting two portions of days as one of those days], or four days [counting two portions of days as two days (for the difference is only verbal)], and three [whole] nights, and come to the water on the fourth day [counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first]; (K;) or [in other words] their coming to the water one day, and leaving it two days, and then coming to it on the fourth day; or a period of three [whole] nights and four days [of which the first and last are incomplete]; as is indicated in the K: or, as some say, [but this at variance with common usage,] their being kept from the water four [nights (for the n. of number is here fem.)], and then coming to it on the fifth [day (for the n. of number is here masc.)]. (TA.) You say, وَرَدَتِ الإِبِلُ الرِّبْعَ: see رَبَعَتِ الإِبِلُ. (S, K.) And وَرَدَتْ إِبِلُهُ رِبْعًا: see 4. (S.) And أَوْرَدَ الإِبِلَ رِبْعًا i. q. أَرْبَعَ الإِبِلَ [q. v.]. (TA.) b2: [Also, for سَيْرُ رِبْعٍ, A journey in which the camels are watered only on the first and fourth days.] b3: [In like manner,] with respect to fever, it signifies The seizing on one day and leaving two days and then coming again on the fourth day [counting the day of the next preceding fit as the first]. (S, K.) [The fever is termed] حُمَّى الرِّبْعِ [The quartan fever;] the fever that occurs on one day and intermits two days and then comes again on the fourth, and so on. (Msb.) And you say, جَآءَتْهُ الحُمَّى رِبْعًا, i. q. رَبَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الحُمَّى [q. v.]. (K.) b4: Also The fourth young one, or offspring. (A in art. ثلث.) رُبَعَ: see رُبَاعُ.

A2: رُبَعٌ A young camel brought forth in the [season called] رَبِيع [here meaning autumn], which is the beginning of the breedingtime: (S, Msb, K:) so called because he widens his stepping, and runs: [see 1, near the end of the paragraph:] (TA:) fem. with ة: pl. masc.

رِبَاعٌ [a pl. of mult.] and أَرْبَاعٌ [a pl. of pauc.]; (S, Msb, K;) both irreg.; for accord. to the rule given by Sb, the pl. should be رِبْعَانٌ [like صرْدَانٌ pl. of صَرَدٌ]: (TA:) pl. fem. رُبَعَاتٌ (S, Msb, K, TA [in the CK, erroneously, رَبْعاتٌ]) and رِبَاعٌ. (K.) Hence the saying, مَا لَهُ هُبَعٌ وَلَا رُبَعٌ He has not a young camel brought forth in the end of the breeding-time nor one brought forth in the beginning thereof. (S, TA.) [See another ex. voce بُلَعٌ.] b2: [Hence, also,] الرُّبَعِ (assumed tropical:) A very small star in the midst of the عَوَائِذ, which are in the head of التِّنِّين [or Draco]. (Kzw.) رُبُعٌ: see رُبْعٌ, in two places.

رَبْعَةٌ: see رَبْعٌ, last signification, in three places.

A2: [A small round basket, covered with leather, in which perfumes are kept by him who sells them;] the جُونَة of the عَطَّار; (S, Mgh, K;) which is a سُلَيْلَة covered with leather: (Mgh:) or a four-sided vessel, like the جُونَة: said by El-Isbahánee to be so called because originally having four طَاقَات [app. meaning compartments, one above another, for different kinds of perfume]; or because having four legs. (TA.) b2: Hence, app., A chest in which the volumes of a copy of the Kur-án are kept; (Sgh, K;) called رَبْعَةُ المُصْحَفِ: (Mgh:) but thus applied, it is post-classical, (Sgh, K,) belonging to the conventional language of the people of Baghdád. (Sgh.) b3: Its application to A household utensil proper for women requires consideration. (Mgh.) رِبعَةٌ The beasts' collecting of themselves together in the [season called] رَبِيع: [whence] a a country, or region, is said to be طَيِّبُ الرِّبْعَةِ [good for the beasts' collecting of themselves together &c.]. (TA.) b2: [Hence, app.,] تَرَكْنَاهُمْ عَلَى رِبْعَتِهِمْ We left them in their former, or first, or original, and right, or good, state, or condition. (TA.) ↓ رَبَاعَةٌ, also, and ↓ رِبَاعَةٌ, signify An affair, a business, or a concern, in which one continues occupied; or a case, a state, or a condition, in which one abides, or continues; (K, TA;) meaning a former, or first, affair, &c.; (TA;) and only relating to a good state or condition: (Yaakoob, K:) or one's way, course, mode, or manner, of acting, or conduct, or the like: (K:) or one's right, or good, state, or condition, (K, TA,) in which he has been before: (TA:) or his [tribe such as is termed] قَبِيلَة: or [the portion thereof which is termed] his فَخِذَ: (K:) or ↓ هُمْ عَلَى رِبَاعَتِهِمْ, (S, K,) and ↓ رَبَاعَتِهِمْ, and ↓ رَبَاعِهِمْ, and ↓ رَبَعَاتِهِمْ, and ↓ رَبِعَاتِهِمْ, and ↓ رِبَعَتِهِمْ, (K,) means They are in their right, or good, state, or condition: (K, TA:) or they are occupied in their affair, or business, or concern, in which they were occupied before; or they are in their case, or state, or condition, in which they were before: (S, K:) or ↓ على رَبَعَاتِهِمْ, (S, K,) and ↓ رَبِعَاتِهِمْ, (Fr, S, K,) signifies in their right, or good, state, or condition, and in their former, or first, case; or in their right, or good, state, or condition, and occupied in their former, or first, affair, or business, or concern: (S:) or it means in their places of abode. (Th, K.) Yousay also, غَيْرُ ↓ مَافِى بَنِى فُلَانٍ مَنْ يَضْبِطُ رِبَاعَتَهُ فُلَانٍ i. e. [There is not among the sons of such a one he who manages thoroughly, or soundly,] his case, or affair, or business, or concern, in which he is occupied [except such a one]. (S.) And [hence,] قَوْمِهِ ↓ هُوَ عَلَى رِبَاعَةِ and هُوَ ذُو رِبَاعَةِ قَوْمِهِ He is the chief of his people. (Ham p. 313.

[See also رِبَاعَةٌ below.]) رَبَعَةٌ A quick pace of a camel, in which he goes along beating the ground with his legs: (TA:) or the most vehement running: (K:) or the most vehement running of camels: (S and K:) or a kind of running of camels which is not vehement. (K.) A2: See also رَبْعٌ, last signification, in two places. b2: See also its pl., رَبَعَات, voce رِبْعَةٌ, in two places.

رَبِعَةٌ: see its pl., رَبِعَات, voce رِبْعَةٌ, in two places.

رِبَعَةٌ: see رِبْعَةٌ.

رِبْعِىٌّ Of, or relating to, the رَبِيع; (S, Msb, K;) i. e., the season so called; [and the rain, and the herbage, so called;] a rel. n. irregularly formed. (Msb.) b2: Born in the [season called]

رَبِيع; applied to a young camel: born in the beginning of the breeding-time; [which means the same;] so applied. (TA.) b3: And hence, (TA,) (tropical:) A son born in the prime [or spring-time] of his father's manhood; (S, * TA;) because the ربيع is the beginning, and the most approved part, of the breeding-time: (TA:) pl. رِبْعِيُّونَ. (S, TA.) Saad Ibn-Málik says, (TA,) إِنَّ بَنِىَّ صِبْيَةٌ صَيْفِيُّونْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ رِبْعِيُّونْ [Verily my sons are boys born in the summer of my age: happy is he who has sons born in the spring-time of his manhood.] (S, TA.) b4: A palm-tree (سِبْطٌ, i. e. نَخْلَةٌ,) of which the fruit ripens in the end of the summer, or hot season; AHn says, because then is the time of the [rain called] وَسْمِىّ. (TA.) b5: The Arabs say, صَرَفَانَةٌ رِبْعِيَّهْ تُصْرَمُ بِالصَّيْفِ وَتُؤْكَلُ بِالشَّتِيَّةْ [A hard kind of date that would ripen in the season called رَبِيع (meaning autumn) that is cut in the summer and eaten in the winter-season]. (TA.) b6: نَاقَةٌ رِبْعِيَّةٌ A she-camel that brings forth [in the season called رَبِيع,] before others. (TA.) b7: رِبْعِيَّةٌ [used as a subst., or as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant, for مِيرَةٌ رِبْعِيَّةٌ,] signifies The مِيرَة [or corn brought for provision, or the bringing thereof,] in the beginning of winter: (S, K:) or the مِيرَة of the [season called] رَبِيع; which is the first ميرة; next after. which is the صَيْفِيَّة; and next after this, the دَفَئِيَّة; and next after this, the رَمَضِيَّة. (TA.) [See art. مير.] b8: Also, the same, [used in like manner, for عِيرٌ رِبْعِيَّةٌ,] Camels that bring provision of corn in the [season called] رَبِيع; or, which means the same, in the beginning of the year: pl. رَبَاعِىُّ. (TA.) b9: And [used in the same manner, for غَزْوَةٌ رِبْعِيَّةٌ,] A warring, or warring and plundering, expedition in the [season called] رَبِيع. (TA.) b10: رِبْعِىٌّ also signifies (tropical:) The first, or beginning, or former part, of anything; for instance, of youthfulness, or the prime of manhood; and of glory: and رِبْعِيَّةٌ likewise, the beginning of breeding, and of summer. (TA.) b11: رِبْعِىُّ الطِّعَانِ (assumed tropical:) The sharpest kind of thrusting, or piercing. (Th, TA.) رِبْعِيَّةٌ fem. of رِبْعِىٌّ: [and also used as a subst., or as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: see the latter word, in several places.]

رَبَاعٌ: see an ex. in the phrase هُمْ عَلَى رَبَاعِهِمْ, voce رِبْعَةٌ.

A2: رَبَاعٍ, (S, Msb, K,) like ثَمَانٍ (S, K) and يَمَانٍ [in the CK ثَمَانٌ and ثَمَانٍ] and شَنَاحٍ and [pls. like] جَوَارٍ, which are the only words of this form, (K,) and رَبَاعٌ, (Kr, K,) accus. of the former رَبَاعِيًا, (S, Msb, K,) and fem. رَبَاعِيَةٌ, (S, K,) Shedding its tooth called the رَبَاعِيَة, q. v.; applied to the sheep or goat in the fourth year, and to the bull and cow and the solid-hoofed animal in the fifth year, and to the camel in the seventh year: (S, Msb, K:) [see 4:] pl. [of pauc.] أَرْبَاعٌ (Az, K) and [of mult.] رُبُعٌ (Az, S, Msb, K) and رُبْعٌ, (Th, Az, K,) but the former is the more common, (Az,) and رُبَعٌ (IAar, K) and رِبْعَانٌ (S, Msb, K) and رِبَاعٌ and رَبَاعِيَاتٌ. (K.) You say, رَكِبْتُ بِرْذَوْنًا رَبَاعِيًا [I rode a hackney shedding his رَبَاعِيَة, or in his fifth year]. (S, Msb, K.) b2: Hence, حَرْبٌ رَبَاعِيَةٌ (assumed tropical:) Vehement and youthful war. (TA.) رُبَاعُ [Four and four: four and four together: or four at a time and four at a time:] is a deviation from the original form, (S, K,) or أَرْبَعَةٌ أَرْبَعَةٌ; for which reason, [and, accord. to general opinion, because it is at the same time an epithet, (see ثُلَاثُ,)] it is imperfectly decl.: (K:) but the dim. is ↓ رُبَيِّعٌ, perfectly decl. (S voce ثُلَاثُ, q. v.) [See exs. voce ثُلَاثُ.] In the Kur iv. 3, El-Aamash read ↓ وَرُبَعَ instead of وَرُبَاعَ. (IJ, K.) رَبُوعٌ A she-camel that yields four أَقْدَاح [pl. of قَدَحٌ] of milk. (IAar.) A2: See also الأَرْبِعَآءُ.

رَبِيعٌ: see رُبْعٌ, in two places.

A2: It has also a twofold application; to months and to seasons: and it has a twofold application to months; denoting Two months, (S, Msb, K,) [next] after صَفَرٌ; (S, K;) and they say, (Msb,) one should only say, in speaking of them, شَهْرُ رَبِيعٍ الأَوَّلُ and شَهْرُ رَبِيعٍ الآخِرٌ; (S, Msb, K;) [but in the margin of the copy of the S which I have here followed, I find it stated that in the handwriting of the author the former is شهر ربيعِ الاول (with a single kesreh, and with no syll. sign to الاول); and in another copy of the S I find شهرُ ربيع الاولِ and شَهرُ رَبيع الآخِر;] with the addition of شهر: but it is allowable to say also شَهْرُ رَبِيعِ الأَوَّلِ and شَهْرُ رَبِيعِ الآخِرِ: the word شهر is necessarily added in order to discriminate between the months thus called and the season called ربيع: Az says, the Arabs mention all the months without the word شهر except the two months of ربيع and the month of رَمَضَان: and they say also شَهْرَا رَبِيعٍ and أَشْهُرُ رَبِيعٍ and شُهُورُ رَبِيعٍ: (Msb:) these months were thus called because, when they received this name, they occurred in the season when the earth produced herbage. (Msb in art. جمد.) It has a twofold application also to seasons; الرَّبِيعُ الأَوَّلُ being The season in which the truffles and the blossoms come, (S, Msb, K,) and this is [also called] رَبِيعُ الكَلَأِ [the rabeea of the herbage, properly called the spring of Arabia]; (S;) and الرَّبِيعُ الثَّانِى The season in which fruits ripen; (S, Msb, K;) [also called رَبِيعُ الثِّمَارِ;] but some people call this الرَّبِيعُ الأَوَّلُ; (S, TA;) and the season which follows the winter, and in which the truffles and the blossoms come, they call الرَّبِيعُ الثَّانِى; but all of them agree that the خَرِيف [or autumn] is called الرَّبِيعُ: AHn says, the two divisions of the winter [by which he means the half-year commencing at the autumnal equinox] are called رَبِيعَانِ; the former being رَبِيعُ المَآءِ وَالأَمْطَار ِ [the rabeea of the water and the rains, in which the rain called الوَسْمِىّ, which is termed the first of the rains, commences]; and the second being رَبِيعُ النَّبَاتِ [or رَبِيعُ الكَلَأِ the rabeea of the herbage], because the herbage therein attains to its last stage: and he adds, that رَبِيعٌ is applied by the Arabs to the whole winter, [meaning, again, the half-year commencing at the autumnal equinox,] because of the moisture, or rain: (TA:) or the year consists of six seasons; (so in the K; but in the S, “and I heard Abu-l-Ghowth say, the Arabs make the year to be six seasons; ”) two months thereof are called الرَّبِيعُ الأَوَّلُ; and two months, صَيْفٌ; and two months, قَيْظٌ; (S, K;) and two months, ربيع الثانى, (so in a copy of the S,) or رَبِيعٌ الثّانى, (so in another copy of the S, [but in the margin of this latter, I find it stated that in the handwriting of the author it is ربيعُ الثانى, without tenween,]) or الرَّبِيعُ الثَّانِى; (K;) and two months, خَرِيفٌ; and two months, شِتَآءٌ. (S, K.) Az relates, with respect to the seasons and divisions of the year, on the authority of Aboo-Yahyà Ibn-Kibáseh, who possessed very great knowledge thereof, that the year consists of four seasons; namely, الرَّبِيعُ الأَوَّلُ, which the vulgar call الخَرِيفُ [The autumn]; then الشِّتَآءُ [the winter]; then الصَّيْفُ, which is الرَّبِيعُ الآخِرُ [or الثَّانِى, i. e. the spring]; then القَيْظُ [the summer, or hot season]: all this is what the Arabs in the desert say: the ربيع which is with the Persians the خريف, he says, commences on the third of أَيْلُول [September O. S.]; and the شِتَآء, on the third of كَانُون الأَوَّل [December O. S.]; and the صيف which is with the Persians the ربيع. on the fifth of آذَار [March O. S.]; and the قيظ which is with the Persians the صيف, on the fourth of حَزِيرَان [June O. S.]: and Aboo-Yahyà adds, the ربيع of the people of El-' Irák agrees with the ربيع of the Persians, which is after the شتاء [or winter], and which is the season of the flowers, or roses, and is the most temperate of the seasons: the people of El-' Irák, he says, have rain in all the winter, and have abundance of herbage in the خريف, which the Arabs call الربيع الاوّل: and Az says, the quarter of the خريف is called خريف because the fruits are gathered therein; and the Arabs call it ربيع because the first rain [which is called الوَسْمِىّ] falls therein. (TA.) The pl. of ربيع is أَرْبِعَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.] and أَرْبِعَآءُ [a pl. of mult.] (S, Msb, K) and رِبَاعٌ; (AHn, K;) or the first of these is pl. of ربيع الكلأ (Fr, Yaakoob, S, Msb, K) and of the ربيع of the months; (Fr, Msb;) but the second is pl. of ربيع in the sense of جَدْوَلٌ, to be explained below. (Fr, Yaakoob, S, Msb, K.) Hence the phrase in a supplication, mentioned in a trad., اَللّٰهُمَّ اجْعَلِ القُرْآنَ رَبِيعَ قَلْبِى [O God, make Thou the Kur-án to be the life, or ease, of my heart]; because the heart of man becomes lively, or at ease, in the season called رَبِيع. (TA.) Hence also, (TA,) أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ The هُدْهُد [or hoopoe]; (K;) because it appears with the [season called] ربيع. (TA.) [See also, respecting the seasons &c., the word زَمَنٌ.] b2: Also The rain in the [season called] رَبيع [as meaning the half-year commencing at the autumnal equinox, (which includes what is really the spring of Arabia, called “ the rabeea of the herbage,”) accord. to a statement of AHn cited above, and accord. to what is stated on the authority of Az voce نَوْءٌ]: (S, K:) or [only, accord. to some,] the rain which is after the وَسْمِىّ, and after which is [that called] the صَيْف, and then the حَمِيم: or, accord. to AHn, rain whenever it comes: Az says, I have heard the Arabs call thus the first rain falling upon the earth in the days of the خَرِيف [or autumn]: (TA:) the pl. [of pauc.] is أَرْبِعَةٌ and [of mult.] رِبَاعٌ. (AHn, TA.) [See also, respecting the rains, the word زَمَنٌ.] b3: Also Herbage; green herbage which the beasts eat; (TA;) [properly] the herbage that is produced by the first rain in the quarter which is called the رَبِيع, and which is commonly called the خَرِيف [or autumn], (Msb in art. زمن,) [continuing its growth during the winter-quarter, which is also called the رَبِيع, and which includes, as stated above, what is really the spring of Arabia, called “ the rabeea of the herbage,” wherein, as AHn says, the herbage attains to its last stage: it seems generally to mean the spring-herbage, which is earlier or later in different latitudes:] pl. أَرِْبعَةٌ. (TA.) [Hence,] a poet says, يَدَاكَ يَدٌ رَبِيعُ النَّاسِ فِيهَا وَفِى الأُخْرَى الشُّهُورُ مِنَ الحَرَامِ meaning (assumed tropical:) [Thy two hands are such that] one hand has in it the means of the plentiful subsistence of mankind, [and in the other are the sacred months, i. e.] in the other is [that which causes] security, and safeguard, and the preservation of what is to be regarded as sacred and inviolable. (TA.) [Compare Proverbs iii. 16.] b4: Also (assumed tropical:) A rivulet, or streamlet; (Msb, K;) i. q. جَدْوَلٌ: (S, Msb, K:) or i. q. نَهْرٌ: (Mgh:) or نَهْرٌ صَغِيرٌ: (Har p. 402:) (tropical:) a rivulet, or streamlet, that runs to palmtrees: and رَبِيعُ السَّاقِى, a subst prefixed to its epithet, occurring in a trad., (assumed tropical:) the river [or rivulet] that waters seed-produce: (TA:) pl. أَرْبِعَآءُ (Fr, Yaakoob, S, Msb, K) and رِبْعَانٌ. (TA.) A poet says, describing one drinking much, فُوهُ رَبِيعٌ وَكَفُّهُ قَدَحٌ (assumed tropical:) His mouth is a river [and his hand is a bowl]. (TA.) b5: Also A share, or portion, of water for [irrigating] land, (IDrd, K, TA,) whatever it be: or, as some say, a share, or portion, thereof for the quarter of a day or night; but this is not of valid authority. (TA.) You say, لِفُلَانٍ مِنْ هٰذَا المَآءِ رَبِيعٌ, (K, TA,) or, as in some copies of the K, فِى, instead of مِنْ, i. e. To such a one belongs a share, or portion, of this water [for irrigating land]. (TA.) b6: The dim. of رَبِيعٌ is ↓ رُبَيِّعٌ. (Msb.) رُبَيِّعٌ: see رُبَاعٌ: A2: and see also رَبِيعٌ, last sentence.

رَبَاعَةٌ: see رِبْعَةٌ, in two places.

رِبَاعَةٌ: see رِبْعَةٌ, in four places. b2: It also signifies A kind of حَمَالَة [meaning obligation, or responsibility, that must be discharged, or performed, taken upon himself by a person for others; and here, particularly, such as is taken upon himself by the head, or chief, of a people]. (S, K.) You say, هُوَ عَلَى رِبَاعَةِ قَوْمِهِ, [properly He is over the affairs of his people, as indicated above, voce رِبْعَةٌ, last sentence,] meaning He is the head, or chief, of his people. (TA.) Abu-l- Kásim El-Isbahánee says, رِبَاعَةٌ is metaphorically used to signify (tropical:) The being a head, or chief; or the office of head, or chief; in consideration of the taking of the مِرْبَاع [or fourth part of the spoil, which was the share of the chief]: and hence one says, لَايُقِيمُ رِبَاعَةَ القَوْمِ غَيْرُ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) [None will act vigorously in the office of head, or chief, of the people, except such a one]. (TA.) رَبِيعَةٌ A stone that is raised, or lifted, (S, K, TA,) for trial of strength: (K, TA:) applied only to a stone. (Az, TA.) A2: A helmet of iron. (Lth, S, K.) A3: A meadow; or a garden; syn. رَوْضَةٌ. (IAar, K.) A4: A [leathern water-bag, such as is called] مَزَادَة. (K.) b2: A kind of receptacle for perfume and the like; syn. عَتِيدَةٌ, q. v. (K.) رُبَاعِىٌّ A boy four spans (أَشْبَار) in height. (S and Msb voce خُمَاسِىٌّ, q. v.) It is also applied to a camel, like سُبَاعِىٌّ; [app. meaning Four cubits in height:] fem. with ة. (TA in art. سبع.) b2: [Also A word composed of four letters, radical only, or radical and augmentative.]

رَبَاعِيَةٌ The tooth that is between the ثَنِيَّة [or central incisor] and the نَاب; (S, Msb, K;) i. e. each of the four teeth which are next to the ثَنَايَا, (Mgh, * TA,) pertaining to man and to others: (TA:) pl. رَبَاعِيَاتٌ: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) a man has, above, [two teeth called] ثَنِيَّتَانِ, and [two called] رَبَاعِيَتَانِ, after them, and [two called]

نَابَانِ, and [two called] ضَاحِكَانِ, and six أَرْحَآء, on each side [three], and [two teeth called]

نَاجِذَانِ; and the like below: (As, TA:) and the solid-hoofed animal has, after the ثَنَايَا, four رَبَاعِيَات, and four قَوَارِح, and four أَنْيَاب, and eight أَضْرَاس. (Az, TA.) A2: Also fem. of رَبَاعٍ [q. v.]. (S, K.) رَبَّاعٌ One who often buys, or sells, رِبَاع, meaning houses, or places of abode. (IAar, K.) رَابِعٌ [act. part. n. of رَبَعَ]. b2: The chief who used to take the fourth part of the spoil, in the Time of Ignorance. (Ham p. 336.) b3: هُوَ رَابِعُ أَرْبَعَةٍ He is [the fourth of four, or] one of four. (TA.) b4: [رَابِعَ عَشَرَ and رَابِعَةَ عَشْرَةَ, the former masc. and the latter fem., meaning Fourteenth, are subject to the same rules as ثَالِثَ عَشَرَ and its fem., expl. in art. ثلث, q. v.] b5: إِبِلٌ رَوَابِعُ [Camels coming to water, or being watered, on the fourth day, counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first: pl. of رَابِعَةٌ]: from رَبَعَتِ الإِبِلُ, meaning وَرَدَتِ الرِّبْعَ. (S, K.) In like manner, also, رَوَابعُ is applied, metaphorically, to birds of the kind called قَطًا, as an epithet denoting their coming to water, by El-'Ajjáj. (TA.) A2: رَبِيعٌ رَابِعٌ A fruitful, or plentiful, ربيع [meaning the season so called]. (ISk, K.) b2: One does not say يَوْمٌ رَابِعٌ like as one says يَوْمٌ قَائِظٌ &c., because there is no corresponding verb, like قَاظَ, &c., for such a verb would have no meaning of heat nor of cold. (IB.) A3: هُوَ رَابِعٌ عَلَى حَالِهِ He is abiding, or continuing, in his state, or condition. (TA.) أَرْبَعٌ: see أَرْبَعَةٌ.

A2: هِىَ أَرْبَعُهُنَّ لَقَاحًا She is the quickest of them in conceiving, or becoming pregnant. (Th.) أَرْبَعَةٌ [Four;] a masc. n. of number; fem.

↓ أَرْبَعٌ. (S, K.) [Respecting a peculiar pronunciation of the people of El-Hijáz, and a case in which اربعة is imperfectly decl., see ثَلَاثَةٌ. See also سِتَّةٌ.] b2: ذَوَاتُ الأَرْبَعِ The quadrupeds. (The Lexicons passim.) b3: جَآءَتْ عَيْنَاهُ بِأَرْبَعَةٍ (tropical:) His two eyes shed tears running from their four sides: or it means, accord. to Z, he came weeping most vehemently. (TA.) [See another ex. voce ثَمَانِيَةٌ.] b4: أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ [indecl. in every case, meaning Fourteen,] is pronounced by some of the Arabs أَرْبَعَةَ عْشَرَ: and [the fem.] أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ, thus in the dial. of El-Hijáz [and of most of the Arabs], is pronounced أَرْبَعَ عَشِرَةَ in the dial. of Nejd. (S in art. عشر.) الأَرْبِعَآءُ, [also written without tenween when not rendered determinate by the article or otherwise accord. to most authorities, who make it fem., but with tenween when indeterminate accord. to those who make it masc.,] and الأَرْبَعَآءُ, (As, S, Msb, K,) the latter on the authority of some of the BenooAsad, (S, Msb,) and الأَرْبُعَآءُ, (As, Msb, K,) which is a form of the word seldom used, (Msb,) and الإِرْبِعَآءُ, and الإِرْبَعَآءُ, the last two mentioned by IHsh, the first of all the most chaste, (MF,) but it is the only sing. word of its measure, (El-Kutabee, Msb,) except أَرْمِدَآءُ, (Az, O,) the name of A certain day; (S, Msb, K;) [namely Wednesday;] the fourth day of the week; (L;) as also ↓ الرَّبُوعُ; but this is post-classical: (TA:) the dual of أَرْبِعَآء is أَرْبِعَاوَانِ; (L;) and the pl. is أَرْبِعَاوَاتٌ, (S, L,) [accord. to those who make the sing. fem.;] or the dual is أَرْبِعَآءَانِ, and the pl. is أَرْبِعَآءَاتٌ; (K;) thus says Aboo-Jukhádib, regarding the noun as masc.: (Fr:) Aboo-Ziyád used to say, مَضَى الأَرْبِعَآءُ بِمَا فِيهِ [Wednesday passed with what (occurred) in it], making it sing. and masc. [because he meant thereby يَوْمُ الأَرْبِعَآءُ]; but Abu-l-Jarráh used to say, مَضَتِ الأَرْبِعَآءُ بِمَا فِيهِنَّ, making it fem. and pl., and employing it like a n. of number: (Lh:) Th is related to have mentioned أَرَابِيعُ as a pl. of الأَرْبِعَآءُ; but ISd says, I am not sure of this. (TA.) The word has no dim. (Sb, S in art. امس.) أَرْبَعُونَ [Forty;] a certain number, (TA,) after ثَلَاثُونَ. (S, K.) b2: [Also Fortieth.]

أَرْبِعَاوِىٌّ One who fasts alone on the أَرْبِعَآء [or Wednesday]. (IAar.) مَرْبَعٌ; see رَبْعٌ in three places.

مُرْبَعٌ, applied to a camel, [That is watered on the fourth day, counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first: (see 4:) and] that is brought to the water at any time. (TA.) b2: See also مَرْبُوعٌ.

مُرْبِعٌ: b2: see مَرْبُوعٌ.

A2: Applied to rain, (S, Msb, TA,) That comes in the [season called]

رَبِيع: [in the Ham p. 425, written مَرْبَع:] or that induces the people to remain in their abodes and not to seek after herbage: (TA:) or that confines the people in their رِبَاع [or dwellings] by reason of its abundance: (Msb:) or that causes the [herbage called] رَبِيع to grow: (TA:) or that causes the growth of that in which the camels may pasture at pleasure. (S.) b2: With ة, applied to land (أَرْضٌ), Abounding with [the herbage called]

رَبِيع; as also ↓ مِرْبَاعٌ. (TA.) b3: Without ة, applied to a she-camel, (As, S, K,) That brings forth in the [season called] رَبِيع: (S, K:) or that has her young one with her; (As, S, K;) the young one being called رُبَعٌ: (As, S:) as also ↓ مِرْبَاعٌ: (As, TA:) or the latter signifies one that usually brings forth in the [season called]

رَبِيع: (S, K:) or that brings forth in the beginning of the breeding-time: (As, S, K:) or that is early, or before others, in becoming pregnant: (TA:) and the former, so applied, signifies also one whose womb is, or becomes, closed, [app. in the season called رَبِيع, (see 4,)] so that it does not admit the seminal fluid. (TA.) b4: Applied to a man, (tropical:) Having offspring born to him in the prime of his manhood. (TA.) [See 4]

A3: Also The sail of a full ship: (AA, K:) that of an empty ship is called رُومِىٌّ. (AA, TA.) مِرْبَعٌ: see مِرْبَعَةٌ.

مُرَبَّعٌ (S, K,) Having four portions [or sides or faces or angles &c.; generally meaning either square or quadrilateral]: or of the form of a thing having four legs; or of the form of a quadruped. (TA.) [See also مُثَلَّثٌ.] b2: مُرَبَّعُ الحَاجِبَيْنِ (assumed tropical:) A man whose eyebrows have much hair; as though he had four eyebrows. (TA.) b3: مُرَبَّعٌ الجَبْهَةِ [Having a square forehead; meaning] (tropical:) a slave. (TA.) أَرْضٌ مَرْبَعَةٌ A land containing, or having, يَرَابِيع [or jerboas]; (S, K;) as also ↓ أَرْضٌ مُــرْتَبِــعٌ. (TA.) مِرْبَعَةٌ A staff, (K,) or small staff, (S,) of which two men take hold of the two ends in order to raise a load (S, K) and put it upon the back of the camel, (S,) or upon the beast; (K;) as also ↓ مِرْبَعٌ: (K:) which latter is also expl. as signifying a piece of wood with which a thing is taken. (TA.) [See 1, last signification but one.]

مِرْبَاعٌ: see رُبْعٌ: A2: and مَرْبُوعٌ: A3: and رَبْعٌ.

A4: Rain that comes in the beginning of the [season called] رَبِيع: [an epithet used in this sense as a subst.:] pl. مَرَابِيعُ. (S, * K, * TA, * [in which only the pl. is mentioned,] and EM p. 140.) Hence, مَرَابِيعُ النُّجُومِ, as used in a verse of Lebeed cited in the first paragraph of art. رزق; by the نُجُوم being meant the أَنْوَآء; (S;) i. e. the Mansions of the Moon [which by their rising or setting at dawn were supposed to bring rain or wind or heat or cold]. (EM ubi suprà.) b2: Applied to a place, That produces herbage in the beginning of the [season called] رَبِيع. (K, TA.) b3: Applied to land (أَرْضٌ): see مُرْبِعٌ. b4: Applied to a she-camel: see مُرْبِعٌ.

مَرْبُوعٌ Twisted of four twists, or strands; (S, TA;) applied to a rope, (TA,) as also ↓ مِرْبَاعٌ, (Ibn-' Abbád, TA,) and to a bow-string, and a bridle. (S, TA.) b2: Applied to a spear, Four cubits in length: (TA:) or neither long nor short; (S, TA;) and in like manner applied to a man: see رَبْعٌ, in two places: (S, Mgh, L, &c.:) and [hence its pl.] مَرَابِيعُ, applied to horses, compact in make. (TA.) A2: Also, applied to a man, Having a fever which seizes him on one day and leaves him two days and then comes again on the fourth day [counting the day of the next preceding fit as the first; i. e. having, or seized by, a quartan fever]; as also ↓ مُرْبَعٌ; (S, K;) and ↓ مُرْبِعٌ is said to be used in the same sense; but the Arabs say مُرْبَعٌ. (Az, TA.) A3: أَرْضٌ مَرْبُوعَةً, and شَجَرٌ مَرْبُوعٌ, Land, and trees, watered by the rain in the season called رَبِيع. (S, TA.) b2: [Hence,] مَرْبُوعٌ, applied to a man, also signifies (tropical:) Restored from a state of poverty to wealth or competence or sufficiency; recovered from his embarassment or difficulty, or from a state of perdition or destruction. (TA.) مَرَابِيعُ, pl. of مَرْبُوعٌ [q. v.]: A2: and pl. of مِرْبَاعٌ [q. v.].

مُــرْتَبَــعٌ: see رَبْعٌ, in three places.

مُــرْتَبِــعٌ, applied to a beast, That has pastured upon the [herbage called] رَبِيع, and become fat, and brisk, lively, or sprightly. (TA.) A2: See also رَبْعٌ: A3: and see أَرْضٌ مَرْبَعَةٌ.

جَلَسَ مُتَرَبِّعًا He sat cross-legged; i. q. تَرَبَّعَ فِى

جُلُوسِهِ. (TA.) مُسْتَرْبِعٌ شَيْئًا Having power, or ability, for, or to do, a thing; as, for instance, war, or battle; (IAar;) or to bear, or endure, a thing; (IAar, Sgh;) as when relating to an envier, meaning his envy. (Sgh.) You say also رَجُلٌ مُسْتَرْبِعٌ بِعَمَلِهِ A man who is able by himself to execute his work, having power, or strength, to do it, and very patient. (K.) يَرْبُوعٌ, in which the ى is augmentative, (Kr, S, Msb,) because there is not in the language of the Arabs any word of the measure فَعْلُولٌ, (Kr, S,) except what is extr., such as صَعْفُوقٌ, (K,) which is a foreign word [introduced into their language], (S in art. صعفق,) [The jerboa;] a certain wellknown beast; (K;) a small beast like the فَأْرَة [or rat], but longer in the tail and ears, and of which the hind legs are longer than the fore-legs, the reverse of what is the case in the زَرَافَة [or giraffe]; called by the vulgar جَرْبُوع; (Msb;) a rat (فَأْرَة) of which the burrow has four entrances; Az says, it is a small beast larger than the جُرَذ, [q. v.; but in the L, in art. جرذ, the reverse of this is said;] and the name is applied alike to the male and the female: (TA:) [Forskål (“ Descr. Animalium,”

p. iv.,) terms it mus jaculus: see the questions appended to Niebuhr's “ Descr. de l' Arabie,” p.

177:] pl. يَرَابِيعُ. (S, Msb.) [See ذُو الرُّمَيْحِ, voce رُمْحٌ.] b2: Hence, (TA,) اليَرْبُوعُ also signifies لَحْمَةُ المَتْنِ (tropical:) [The portion of flesh and sinew next the back-bone, on either side]; (S * K;) as being likened to the فأَرة [thus called]: (TA:) or this is with damm [اليُرْبُوعُ]: (K:) or the يَرَابِيعُ of the مَتْن are its portions of flesh; (T, S, K;) and the word has no sing.: (K:) Az says, I have not heard any sing. thereof. (TA.) الجَارُ اليَرْبُوعِىُّ The neighbour that is variable in his actions [like the jerboa, which is noted for having recourse to various expedients, in the formation of its burrow, &c., to avoid capture]; like الجَارُ البَرَاقِشِىُّ. (IAar, TA in art. جور.)

رفع

1 رَفَعَهُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (K, TA,) inf. n. رَفْعٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) He raised it: [this is generally the best rendering, as it serves to indicate several particular significations which will be found explained in what follows:] he elevated it; upraised it; uplifted it: he took it up: contr. of خَفَضَهُ: (Msb:) or of وَضَعَهُ: (S, Mgh, K:) as also ↓ رفّعهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَرْفِيعٌ; (TA;) and ↓ ارتفعهُ; (K;) for accord. to the “ Nawádir,” you say, ارتفعهُ بِيَدِهِ and رَفَعَهُ [he raised it, lifted it, heaved it, or took it up, with his hand]; but Az says that ارتفع is intrans., and that he has heard no authority for its being trans., in the sense of رَفَعَ, except that which he had read in the “ Nawádir el-Aaráb:” (TA:) رَفْعٌ is sometimes applied to corporeal things, meaning the raising, or elevating, a thing from the resting-place thereof: sometimes to a building, meaning the rearing it, uprearing it, or making it high or lofty: (Er-Rághib:) or in relation to corporeal things, it is used properly to denote motion, and removal: (Msb:) it signifies the putting away or removing or turning back a thing after the coming or arriving thereof; like as دَفْعٌ signifies the putting away or removing or turning back a thing before the coming or arriving [thereof]: (Kull p. 185:) but in relation to ideal things, it is [tropically used, as it is also in many other cases, and] accorded in meaning to what the case requires. (Msb.) [In its principal senses, proper and tropical, رَفْعٌ agrees with the Latin Tollere..] It is said in the Kur [ii. 60 and 87], رَفَعْنَا فَوْقَكُمُ الطُّورَ We raised above you from its resting-place the mountain: and in the same [xii. 2], اَللّٰهُ الَّذِى رَفَعَ السَّمٰوَاتِ بِغَيْرِ عَمَدٍ تَرَوْنَهَا [God is He who raised the heavens without pillars that ye see; or, as ye see them]: and in the same [ii. 121], وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرٰهِيمُ القَوَاعِدَ مِنَ البَيْتِ [And when Abraham] was rearing or uprearing or making high or lofty [the foundations of the House of God, at Mekkeh]. (Er-Rághib.) And you say, اِرْفَعْ هٰذَا Take thou this: (Mgh:) or take it and carry it [away; or take it up and remove it]. (TA.) And رَفَعَ الزَّرعَ, (Lh, K,) or رَفَعَهُ إِلَى البَيْدَرِ, (Msb,) aor. ـَ (Lh,) inf. n. رَفْعٌ (Lh, S) and رِفَاعَةٌ and رِفَاعٌ [perhaps a mistranscription for رَفَاعُ, which see below], (Lh, TA,) He removed, or transported, the seed-produce from the place in which he had reaped it, (Lh,) or carried it after the reaping, (S, K,) to the place in which the grain was to be trodden out. (Lh, S, K.) [This last signification is said in the TA to be tropical; but according to a passage of the Msb quoted in the first sentence of this art., it is proper. In most of the phrases here following, the verb is undoubtedly used tropically.] b2: رَفَعُوا إِلَىَّ عُيُونَهُمْ (tropical:) [They raised towards me their eyes]. (TA.) b3: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى فُلَانٍ فَلَمْ يَرْفَعْ بِى

رَأْسًا (Mgh, TA *) (tropical:) I went in to such a one, and he did not look towards me, nor pay any regard, or attention, to me. (Mgh.) [بِى is not here a mistake for لِى, for the phrase is often found thus written.] b4: رُفِعَ لِىَ الشَّىْءُ (assumed tropical:) [The thing was, as it were, raised into view, i. e. it rose into view, to me;] I saw the thing from afar. (TA.) b5: رَفَعَ السَّرَابُ الشَّخْصَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَفْعٌ, (tropical:) The mirage raised, or elevated [to the eye, (see an ex. near the end of the first paragraph of art. زول)] the figure of a man or some other thing seen from a distance; [or it may be allowable to render it, made it to appear tall, and as though quivering, vibrating, or playing up and down;] syn. زَهَاهُ [of which, when it relates to the mirage, the meaning is best expressed by the latter of the two explanations here given]. (TA.) b6: وَرَفَعْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ دَرَجَاتٍ, in the Kur [xliii. 31], means (assumed tropical:) And we have exalted some of them above others in degrees of rank, or station: and نَرْفَعُ دَرَجَاتٍ

مَنْ نَشَآءُ, in the same, [vi. 83, and xii. 76,] (assumed tropical:) We exalt in degrees of rank, or station, whom We please: (Er-Rághib:) and وَاللّٰهُ يَرْفَعُ مَنْ يَشَآءُ وَيَخْفِضُ (assumed tropical:) And God exalteth whom He pleaseth, and abaseth: (S and TA:) and [in like manner,] رَفْعُ الذِّكْرِ means the exalting of one's fame; as in the Kur xciv. 4. (Er-Rághib.) But the words, وَإِلَى السَّمَآءِ كَيْفَ رُفِعَتْ, in the Kur [lxxxviii. 18], indicate two meanings; And to the heaven, how it is elevated in respect of its place; and (assumed tropical:) how it is exalted in respect of excellence, and exaltation of rank. (Er-Rághib.) [In like manner also,] فِى بُيُوتٍ أَذِنَ اللّٰهُ أَنْ تُرْفَعَ, in the Kur [xxiv. 36], means In houses which God hath permitted to be built; (Bd, TA;) accord. to some: (TA:) or, (assumed tropical:) to be honoured; (Zj, Bd;) so says El-Hasan; (Zj;) or, (assumed tropical:) to be exalted in estimation. (Er-Rághib.) It is said in a trad., إِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَرْفَعُ العَدْلَ وَيَخْفِضُهُ (assumed tropical:) Verily God exalteth the just, and maketh him to have the ascendency over the unjust, and at one time abaseth him, so that He maketh the unjust to overcome him, in order to try his creatures, in the present world. (Az, TA.) [See also art. خفض.] And you say, رَفَعَهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ فِى المَجْلِسِ (assumed tropical:) He advanced him above his companion [in the sitting-place, or sitting-room, or assembly]. (TA.) And رَفَعْتُكَ عَنْ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) [I exalted thee, or held thee, above such a thing]: (M voce رَبَأَ:) and إِنِّى لَأَرْفَعْكَ عَنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) [Verily I exalt thee, or hold thee, above this thing]. (S voce رَبَأَ, q. v.) b7: رَفَعَ اللّٰهُ عَمَلَهُ (assumed tropical:) [God honoured his work by acceptance; or] God accepted his work. (Msb.) It is said in the Kur [xxxv. 11], وَالْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ يَرْفَعُهُ (assumed tropical:) And righteous work He will accept: (Jel:) or the meaning is يَرْفَعُ العَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ الكَلِمَ الطَّيَّبَ (assumed tropical:) [righteous work will cause praise, or the like, (mentioned immediately before the above-cited words of the Kur,) to ascend, and obtain acceptance]: (Mujáhid, TA:) Katádeh says, [that the meaning is,] speech will not be accepted without work. (TA.) b8: رَفْعٌ Also signifies (assumed tropical:) The bringing a thing near; or presenting, or offering, it; syn. تَقْرِيبٌ. (S.) And hence, رَفَعْتُهُ إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ, (S, Mgh, K,) and إِلَى الحَكَمِ, (TA,) inf. n. رَفْعٌ (S, * TA) and رُفْعَانٌ (S, K) and رِفْعَانٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) I presented him to, or brought him before, or brought him forward to, the Sultán, (S, * Mgh, * K, * TA,) and the judge, to arraign him and contest with him: (TA:) and إِلَى الحَاكِمِ ↓ رَافَعَهُ, (S K,) inf. n. مُرَافَعَةٌ, (TA,) [in like manner] signifies (tropical:) he preferred a complaint against him to the governor, or judge: (K:) or (tropical:) he presented him to, or brought him before, or brought him forward to, the governor, or judge, to arraign him and contest with him, and preferred a complaint against him: (TA:) [or it denotes the doing so mutually; for, accord. to Mtr,] خَصْمَهُ إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ ↓ رَافَعَ signifies (tropical:) he brought his adversary before the Sultán (قَرَّبَهُ

إِلَيْهِ), the latter doing the same with him. (Mgh.) [See also 2.] b9: رَفَعَ القُرْآنَ عَلَى السُّلْطَانِ (tropical:) [He adduced, or brought forward, the Kur-án against the Sultán;] he interpreted the Kur-án against the Sultán, and judged thereby that he should rebel against him. (TA.) b10: رَفْعْتُ الرَّجُلَ also signifies (tropical:) I traced up the man's lineage to his greatest ancestor; or I mentioned his lineage, saying, He is such a one the son of such a one, or He is of such a tribe, or city, &c.; syn. نَمَيْتُهُ, and نَسَبْتُهُ. (TA.) b11: And hence, رَفَعَ الحَدِيثَ

إِلَى النَّبِىِّ (tropical:) [He traced up, or ascribed, or attributed, the tradition to the Prophet, mentioning, in ascending order, the persons by whom it had been handed down, up to the Prophet; in the manner more fully explained in the sentence here next following]. (TA.) You say also, رَفَعَ الحَدِيثَ إِلَى قَائِلِهِ, meaning أَسْنَدَهُ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) He traced up, or ascribed, or attributed, the tradition to the author thereof, by mentioning him, or by mentioning, uninterruptedly, in ascending order, the persons by whom it had been transmitted, up to the Prophet; or by mentioning the person who had related it to him from the Prophet if only one person intervened, saying, “Such a one told me, from such a one,” (and so on if more than one intervened between him and the Prophet,) “ from the Apostle of God; ” or with an interruption in the mention of the persons by whom it had been transmitted]. (S * and Msb in art. سند.) [And hence what next follows.] It is said in a trad., رَفَعَتْ إِلَيْنَا مِنَ البَلَاغِ ↓ كُلُّ رَافِعَةٍ

فَقَدْ حَرَّمْتُهَا أَنْ تُعْضَدَ أَوْتُخْبَطَ, (S, * TA, [in a very old and excellent copy of the former of which I find, as above, إِلَيْنَا, and so in some copies of the K and in the O and TA in art. بلغ; but in one copy of the S and in the TA in the present art., I find in its place عَلَيْنَا, and so in the CK in art. بلغ, where the verb preceding it is erroneously written رُفِعَتْ; and in the L, in the place of الينا is put عَنَّا; of all which three readings I prefer the first; though the last is agreeable with an explanation of رَفَعْتُهُ given in the Msb and in the sentence next following;]) i. e. (assumed tropical:) Every company of men (جَمَاعَة, S, TA), or person (نَفْس, TA), that communicates, or announces, from us, (S, TA,) and makes known, [lit. traces up to us,] what we say, (TA,) [or rather, aught of what is communicated, or announced,] or [aught] of what is communicated, or announced, of the Kur-án and of the [statutes, or ordinances, &c., termed]

سُنَن, (K in art. بلغ,) or the meaning is مِنْ ذَوِى

البَلَاغِ, i. e., التَّبْلِيغِ, [of those who have the office of communicating, or announcing,] the simple subst. being put in the place of the inf. n., (T, O, K, TA, all in art. بلغ,) let that company, or person, communicate, or announce, and relate, that I have forbidden [its trees' being lopped, or being beaten with a stick in order that their leaves may fall off,] referring to El-Medeeneh: (S, * TA:) but some relate it differently, saying, مِنَ البُلَّاغِ [of the communicaters, or announcers,] like حُدَّاث in the sense of مُحَدِّثُون: (TA:) and some say, مِنَ البِلَاغِ, meaning من المُبَالِغِينَ فِى التَّبْلِيغِ, i. e. of those who do their utmost in communicating, or announcing. (Hr, and K in art. بلغ.) b12: [Hence,] رَفَعْتُهُ [alone] signifies (tropical:) I made it known. (Msb.) You say, رَفَعَ عَلَيْهِ كَلَامًا (assumed tropical:) [He told, or related, a saying against him; informed against him]. (S and K voce رَقَّى, q. v.) And رَفَعَ عَلَى

العَامِلِ رَفِيعَةً (tropical:) He communicated, (S,) or made known, (Msb,) [or submitted, or referred,] a case [to the administrator of the law]; (S;) and إِلَى

الحَاكِمِ [to the governor, or judge]. (TA.) And رَفَعْتُ الأَمْرَ إِلَى السُّلْطِانِ, inf. n. رُفْعَانٌ, (tropical:) I made known [or submitted, or referred, by way of appeal,] the affair, or matter, to the Sultán. (Msb.) [See also 2.] b13: [And hence, app.,] رُفِعَتْ لَهُ غَايَةٌ فَسَمَا لَهَا (tropical:) [An object to be reached, or accomplished, was proposed to him, and he aspired to it]. (TA.) b14: رَفَعَ البَعِيرَ, (Sb, K,) and النَّاقَةَ, (TA,) or رَفَعَ النَّاقَةَ فِى السَّيْرِ, and الدَّابَّةَ, (M in art. نص,) inf. n. رَفْعٌ, (TA in that art.,) (tropical:) He made the camel, (S, Msb, K,) and the she-camel, (TA,) and the beast, (M ubi suprà,) to exert himself, or herself, to the full, or to the utmost, or beyond measure, in going, or pace; (S, K, TA;) or to go quickly; (Msb;) or to go with the utmost celerity: (TA in art. نص:) or constrained him, or her, to go the pace termed مَرْفُوع [q. v. infrà], (TA,) which is an inf. n. of the intrans. verb رَفَعَ [q. v. infrà] said of a camel (S, TA) and of a beast: (TA:) and ↓ رفّعهُ, (S, TA,) [and رفّعها,] and رفّع مِنْهُ, (TA,) [and مِنْهَا,] inf. n. تَرْفِيعٌ, signify the same: (S, TA:) or the phrase used by the Arabs is اِرْفَعْ مِنْ دَابَّتِكَ (tropical:) [Make thou thy beast to exert itself, &c.]. (L, TA.) [You say also, app. in like manner, رَفَعَتْنِى

أَرْضٌ: or in this case the verb may have a different meaning: see an ex. in the first paragraph of art. خفض.] b15: [Hence,] رَفَعْتُهُ إِلَى حَدِّ مَا عِنْدَهُ مِنَ العِلْمِ (assumed tropical:) [I urged him to tell the utmost of what he knew;] (A in art. نص;) i. e. I went to the utmost point [with him] in questioning him, or asking him. (TA in that art.) b16: [رَفَعَ النَّارَ (assumed tropical:) He stirred up the fire; made it to burn up.]

b17: رَفَعَتِ النَّاقَةُ لَبَنَهَا (tropical:) The she-camel [drew up, or withdrew, or withheld, her milk; i. e.,] did not yield her milk: (A, TA:) and رَفَعَتِ اللِّبَأَ فِى

ضَرْعِهَا (tropical:) [She (a camel) drew up, & c., or refused to yield, the biestings in her udder]. (As, S, K.) b18: رَفَعَهُ فِى خِزَانَتِهِ, and صُنْدُوقِهِ, (tropical:) He kept it, preserved it, laid it up, stowed it, or reposited it, in his repository, store-room, or closet, and his chest. (TA.) b19: هُوَ لَا يَرْفَعُ العَصَا عَنْ عَاتِقِهِ, (Msb, TA,) or عَصَاهُ عن عاتقه, or عَنْ أَهْلِهِ, (Mgh,) (tropical:) [lit. He does not put away the staff, or stick, or his staff, or stick, from his shoulder, or from his wife,] is an allusion to discipline, chastisement, or punishment, (Mgh, TA,) or to severity thereof, (Msb,) and to beating (Mgh, TA) of women; (Mgh;) not meaning that the staff, or stick, is on the shoulder: (Msb:) or the first is an allusion to many journeyings. (TA.) b20: رُفِعَ القَلَمُ عَنْ ثَلَاثٍ; (Mgh, Msb;) so in the “ Firdows,” on the authority of 'Alee and I' Ab and 'Áïsheh, meaning ثَلَاثِ

أَنْفُسٍ; (assumed tropical:) [The pen of the recording angel is withheld from three persons;] a saying of Mohammad, which means that nothing is recorded either for or against three persons; (Mgh, Msb; *) these three being the sleeper until he awakes, the afflicted with disease or the like, or the demented, until he recovers, and the child until he becomes big, or attains to puberty. (El-Jámi' -es-Sagheer of Es-Suyootee; in which we find ثَلَاثَةٍ in the place of ثَلَاثٍ.) This is like the saying next before mentioned; the pen having never been put [to the tablet to record aught] against the child. (Msb.) b21: [رَفَعَ often signifies (assumed tropical:) He withdrew, put away, removed, did away or did away with, annulled, revoked, or remitted.] You say, اَللّٰهُمَّ ارْفَعْ عَنَّا هٰذِهِ الضُّغْطَةَ (assumed tropical:) [O God, withdraw, put away, or remove, from us this straitness, difficulty, distress, or affliction]. (S in art. ضغط.) [And in like manner also you say, رَفَعَ عَنْهُ العَذَابَ (assumed tropical:) He withdrew, or put away, from him the punishment; he annulled, revoked, or remitted, his punishment.] رَفَعُوا الحَرْبَ [may also be rendered in a similar manner; (assumed tropical:) They gave over, or relinquished, war; as though they put it away; like وَضَعُوهَا: but] is used by Moosà Ibn-Jábir [in the contr. sense, (assumed tropical:) they raised, or made, war;] in opposition to وضعوها. (Ham p. 180.) b22: اِخْتَلَفُوا فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ نَرْفَعُ طَرِيقًا وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لَا نَرْفَعُ means (assumed tropical:) [They disagreed; and some of them said,] We will exclude a way, or passage, from among the portions, or shares, (قِسْمة, [q. v.,]) of the land, or the house; and [some of them said,] We will not exclude it. (Mgh.) b23: In the conventional language of the grammarians, رَفْعٌ, in the inflection of words, is like ضَمٌّ in the non-inflection. (S) [You say, رَفَعَ الحَرْفَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَفْعٌ, (assumed tropical:) He made the final letter to have Bٌ or رَفُعَ in its inflection.]

A2: رَفَعَ القَوْمُ (tropical:) The people, or company of men, went up, or upwards, through the countries, or lands. (As, K, TA.) b2: رَفَعَ البَعِيرُ, (S, Msb, K,) فِى السَّيْرِ, (S,) or فِى سَيْرِهِ, (Msb, K,) inf. n. مَرْفُوعٌ (Sb, S, TA) and رَفْعٌ, (S, A, K, all in art. خفض,) the former an inf. n. (Sb, S, TA) of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, (Sb, TA,) like [its contr. مَخْفُوضٌ, and] مَجْلُودٌ, and مَعْقُولٌ, (S, TA,) and مَوْضُوعٌ, (Sb, TA,) (tropical:) The camel exerted himself to the full, or to the utmost, or beyond measure, in going, or pace, or in his going, or his pace: (S, K, TA:) or was quick therein: (Msb:) or went the pace termed مَرْفُوع, [q. v. infrà,] which is a running below that termed حُضْر: (S, TA:) as though he had that [manner of going] which raised him, as well as that which lowered him. (Sb and TA with reference to the inf. n. مرفوع and موضوع.) And رَفَعُوا فِى مَسِيرِهِمْ (assumed tropical:) They [namely men] rose above the [easy and quick pace termed] هَمْلَجَة in their going, or journeying. (ISk.) A3: رَفُعَ, inf. n. رِفْعَةٌ; (S, K;) or, accord. to Aboo-Bekr Mohammad Ibn-Es-Sereé, [so in two copies of the S, but in others, accord. to the TA, Ibn-EsSarráj,] they did not say رَفُعَ from رَفِيعٌ in the sense of شَرِيفٌ; (S, O;) so says Sb; and he adds, but [they said] ↓ ارتفع; (TA;) (tropical:) He (a man, S) was, or became, high, elevated, exalted, lofty, or eminent, in rank, condition, or state; (S, K, TA;) noble, honourable, glorious, or illustrious. (TA.) And رَفُعَ فِى حَسَبِهِ وَنَسَبِهِ (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, of high or exalted rank, or noble, or honourable, in his grounds of pretension to respect, and his relationship, or race, or lineage. (Msb.) b2: رَفُعَ الثَّوْبُ (assumed tropical:) The garment, or piece of cloth, was fine, fine in texture, delicate, or thin. (Msb.) b3: رَفُعَ, (S, K,) inf. n. رَفَاعَةٌ, (K,) (tropical:) He (a man, S) was, or became, high, or loud, (رَفِيع,) in voice. (S, K.) [See رَفَاعَةٌ below.]2 رفّعهُ, inf. n. تَرْفِيعٌ: see 1, in the first sentence. b2: He took it, namely, a thing, and raised it, (رَفَعَهُ,) the first [part thereof] and then the first [or next in succession]: En-Nábighah EdhDhubyánee says, خَلَّتْ سَبِيلَ أَتِىٍّ كَانَ يحْبِسُهُ وَرَفَّعَتْهُ إِلَى السِّجْفَيْنِ فَالنَّضَدِ [She had cleared the way of a torrent coming from another quarter, which it (meaning the barrier raised around the tent to keep away the torrent, which barrier is mentioned two verses before,) confined, and raised it by degrees, the first part and then the next, to the two curtains meeting together at the entrance of the tent, and then to the goods piled up therein: or the meaning here intended is, brought it forward, or advanced it; syn. قَدَّمَتْهُ; agreeably with the next explanation of رَفَّعَ here following: see some observations on the above-cited verse in De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., 2nd. ed., vol. ii. pp. 430 and 431]. (Lth, TA.) b3: رَفَّعَهُمْ He put them, brought them, or sent them, forward; or advanced them; لِلْحَرْبِ to the war, or fight: or, accord. to Ibn-'Abbád and the K, he put them, sent them, or removed them, far away; [app. meaning, far in advance;] فِى الحَرْبِ in the war, or fight. (TA.) You say also, رَفَّعْتُ هٰذَا الأَمْرَ إِلَى الأَمِيرِ (assumed tropical:) I brought forward this affair, or matter, to the commander, governor, or prince. (From an Arabic note on the above-cited verse of En-Nábighah, cited by De Sacy, ubi suprà.) [See also 1, in two places in which reference is made to this paragraph.] b4: رفّع البَعِيرَ, and النَّاقَةَ, and رفّع مِنْهُ, and مِنْهَا: see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph.

A2: رفّع الحِمَارُ, (Lth, K,) inf. n. as above, (Lth,) (assumed tropical:) The ass ran with a running of which one part was quicker (أَرْفَع) than another. (Lth, K.) 3 رافعهُ إِلَى الحَاكِمِ, inf. n. مُرَافَعَةٌ: and رافع خَصْمَهُ إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ: see 1, in the former half of the paragraph. b2: رَافَعَنِى فُلَانٌ وَخَافَضَنِى فَلَمْ أَفْعَلْ (tropical:) Such a one endeavoured in every way to induce me to turn or incline, or endeavoured in every way to turn me by deceit or guile, but I did not [that which he desired]. (K, * TA.) b3: رافع بِهِمْ (assumed tropical:) He spared them; or pardoned them, and forbore to slay them. (K.) And رَافَعْتُهُ (assumed tropical:) I left him; or left him unmolested; or left him, being left by him; or made peace, or reconciled myself, with him; syn. تَارَكْتُهُ. (TA.) 5 ترفّع (tropical:) He exalted himself; he was, or became, haughty, proud, or disdainful; syn. تَجَالَّ; (S in art. جل;) [and so فِى نَفْسِهِ ↓ ارتفع, occurring in the S in art. دكل, on the authority of Az.] You say, فُلَانٌ يَتَرَفَّعُ عَنْ ذٰلِكَ (S ubi suprà, TA *) (tropical:) Such a one exalts himself above that; holds himself above it; disdains it; or is disdainful of it; syn. يَتَجَالُّ. (S ubi suprà.) And تَرَفَّعَتْ بِى هِمَّتِى عَنْ كَذَا (tropical:) [My ambition raised me above such a thing; made me to hold myself above it, or to disdain it]. (TA.) b2: See also 8.6 تَرَافَعْنَا إِلَى الحَاكِمِ (tropical:) [Each of us preferred a complaint against the other to the governor, or judge: or each of us presented the other to, or brought him before, or brought him forward to, the governor, or judge, to arraign him and contest with him, and preferred a complaint against him: agreeably with explanations of the phrase رَافَعَهُ إِلَى الحَاكِمِ]: (S:) or each of us communicated, or made known, his case [against the other] to the governor, or judge. (TA.) 8 ارتفع It became raised; or it rose: it rose high, or became high or elevated or lofty: [it became raised, upraised, uplifted, or elevated, or it rose, from its resting-place: and, said of a building, it became reared, upreared, or made high or lofty:] it became taken up: [it became taken away, put away, or removed; or it went away; after its coming or arriving: thus when said of corporeal things: but when said of ideal things, it is tropically used, as it is also in many other cases, and accorded in meaning to what the case requires:] quasi-pass. of رَفَعَهُ as signifying the contr. of وَضَعَهُ. (S, K.) [See 1; first sentence.] b2: It (the water of a well) rose, by its becoming copious: and also it went away: (A in art. قلص:) [in which latter sense, likewise, it is said of milk in the udder; or as meaning it became drawn up, or withdrawn, or withheld: see 1. See also a usage of this verb voce رَقَأَ.] b3: (tropical:) Said of a man: see 1, voce رَفُعَ, near the end of the paragraph. b4: ارتفع قَدْرُهُ (tropical:) [His rank became high, elevated, exalted, lofty, or eminent]. (S, TA.) b5: اِرْتَفِعْ, said to a man entering a sittingplace, sitting-room, or assembly, means (tropical:) Advance thou: it is not from اِرْتِفَاعٌ denoting height. (TA.) b6: See also 5. b7: ارتفعت الضُّحَى (tropical:) [The morning became advanced; meaning] the sun became high: الضُّحَى being originally a pl., namely, of الضَّحْوَةُ; [wherefore the verb is fem.;] but afterwards used as a sing. [as in the next ex. here following]. (Msb.) You say also, الضُّحَى ↓ تَرَفَّعَ (tropical:) [meaning the same]. (TA.) And ارتفع النَّهَارُ (assumed tropical:) [The day became advanced, the sun being somewhat high: a phrase said by the doctors of the law in the present day to be employed when the sun has risen the measure of a رُمْح or more]. (S and K in art. متع; &c.) b8: ارتفع السِّعْرُ وَانْحَطَّ (tropical:) [The price rose, or advanced, and became low, or abated]. (TA.) b9: [ارتفعوا (assumed tropical:) They removed from, or to, a place. b10: ارتفع عَنْهُ, said of a disease, pain, an affliction, and the like, (assumed tropical:) It quitted him; became withdrawn from him.] b11: النَّقِيضَانِ لَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ وَلَا يَرْتَفِعَانِ (assumed tropical:) [What are termed نقيضان cannot be coexistent in the same thing, nor simul taneously nonexistent in the same thing]; as existence itself and nonexistence, and motion and rest. (Kull pp. 231 and 232.) A2: ارتفعهُ: see 1; first sentence.10 استرفعهُ He desired, required, demanded, or asked, that it should be raised, elevated, taken up, or removed. (K.) You say, استرفع الوَاعِظُ الأَيْدِىَ لِلدُّعَآءِ The preacher asked that the hands of the people should be raised for supplication. (TA.) b2: [And hence, as though meaning استرفع نَفْسَهُ i. e. It required that itself should be re moved,] استرفع الخُوَانُ (assumed tropical:) What was on the table became consumed, and it was time for it to be taken up, or removed. (K.) رَفْعٌ [see رَفَعَ, (of which it is the inf. n.,) throughout].

رِفْعَةٌ [see رَفُعَ, near the end of the first para graph: used as a simple subst., which it seems properly to be accord. to some of the lexicologists,] (tropical:) High, elevated, exalted, lofty, or eminent, rank or condition or state; nobility, honourableness, gloriousness, or illustriousness; (TA;) as also ↓ رِفَاعَةٌ, a subst. from رَفُعَ. (Msb.) هٰذِهِ أَيَّامُ رَفَاعٍ, and ↓ رِفَاعٍ; (AA, ISk, Az, S, Mgh, * Msb, * K;) but As disallows the latter; (TA;) and Ks says, I have heard الجِرَام and الجَرَام, and their coordinates, [such as الصِّرَام and الصَّرَام, &c.,] but الرفاع with kesr I have not heard; (S, TA;) These are days of removal, or transport, of seed-produce from the place in which it has been reaped, (TA,) or of carriage thereof after reaping, (S, Mgh, K,) to the place in which the grain is trodden out. (S, Mgh, K, TA.) [See 1, near the beginning.] b2: رَفَاعٌ, or ↓ رِفَاعٌ, (accord. to different copies of the K,) or each, (TA,) also signifies The storing-up of seed produce. (K.) رِفَاعٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

رَفِيعٌ (tropical:) High, elevated, exalted, lofty, or eminent, in rank, condition, or state; noble, honourable, or glorious; (S, Msb, K, TA;) applied to a man: (S, Msb, TA:) fem. with ة. (TA.) You say, هُوَ رَفِيعُ الحَسَبِ وَالقَدْرِ (tropical:) [He is high, &c., in respect of grounds of pretension to honour, and of rank]. (TA.) And hence the phrase used by letter-writers, الجَنَابُ الرَّفِيعُ (tropical:) [The exalted object of recourse]. (TA.) Hence also the phrase in the Kur [xl. 15], رَفِيعُ الدَّرَجَاتِ (assumed tropical:) The Exalted in respect of degrees of dignity: (Er-Rághib:) or this means (assumed tropical:) Great in respect of attributes: or the Exalter of the degrees of dignity of the believers in Paradise. (Jel.) b2: Applied to a garment, or piece of cloth, (assumed tropical:) Fine, fine in texture, delicate, or thin. (Msb.) b3: رَفِيعُ الصَّوْتِ (tropical:) [High, or loud, in voice]; (K, TA;) applied to a man. (TA.) b4: سَيْرٌ رَفِيعٌ (tropical:) [A pace in which a beast is made to exert itself to the full, or to the utmost, or beyond measure; or in which the utmost pos sible celerity is elicited: see رَفَعَ البَعِيرَ, in the latter half of the first paragraph: and see also مَرْفُوعٌ]. (K in art. نص.) رَفَاعَةٌ [an inf. n., (see 1, last sentence,)] and ↓ رُفَاعَةٌ, (ISk, S, K,) and ↓ رِفَاعَةٌ, (Sgh, K,) (tropical:) [Highness, or loudness, or] vehemence, (K, TA,) in the voice, (ISk, S,) or of the voice. (K.) رُفَاعَةٌ A string (خَيْط) whereby he who is shackled (مُقَيَّد) raises his shackles (قَيْد), (Yoo, S, K,) to which that string is fastened; (TA;) as also ↓ رِفَاعَةٌ. (K.) b2: Also, (S, K,) and ↓ رِفَاعَةٌ, (Az, K,) A thing by means of which a woman having little flesh in the posteriors makes herself to appear large [in that part]; (S;) i. q. عُظَّامَةٌ: (K:) pl. رَفَائِعُ. (TA.) A2: See also رَفَاعَةٌ.

رِفَاعَةٌ: see رِفْعَةٌ: b2: and رَفَاعَةٌ: A2: and see also رُفَاعَةٌ, in two places.

رَفِيعَةٌ (tropical:) A case which one communicates, or makes known, to the administrator of the law: (S, TA:) pl. رَفَائِعُ. (TA.) You say, لِى عَلَيْهِ رَفِيعَةٌ (tropical:) [I have, against him, a case to communicate, or make known, &c., or which I have communicated, or made known, &c.]. (TA.) رَفَّاعٌ (tropical:) One who traces up traditions to the Prophet, or to his Companions; or who communicates them, or makes them known. (TA.) [See رَفَعَ الحَدِيثَ &c.]

رَافِعٌ act. part. n. of رَفَعَهُ; Raising; &c. (Msb, TA.) b2: الرَّافِعُ, one of the names of God, meaning (tropical:) The Exalter of the believer by prospering [him], and of his saints by teaching [them]. (TA.) خَافِضَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ, in the Kur lvi. 3, is explained in art. خفض. b3: رَافِعَةٌ, for جَمَاعَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ, (S, TA,) or نَفْسٌ رَافِعَةٌ: (TA:) see a trad. (commencing with the words كُلُّ رَافِعَةِ) in the first paragraph of this art. b4: نَاقَةٌ رَافِعٌ (tropical:) A she-camel [drawing up, or withdrawing, or withholding, her milk; i. e.,] not yielding her milk: (A, TA:) or when she draws up, &c., or refuses to yield, (إِذَا رَفَعَتْ,) the biestings in her udder. (As, S, K.) [See also دَافِعٌ, to which it is opposed.]

A2: (tropical:) A man going up, or upwards, through the countries, or lands: pl. with ون. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) Lightning rising. (Lth, K, TA.) b3: رَوَافِعُ [pl. of رَافِعةٌ for جَمَاعَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ] (assumed tropical:) People going the pace termed مَرْفوع [on their camels or beasts]. (ISk.) b4: أَرْضٌ رَافِعَةُ السُّقْيَا (assumed tropical:) Land difficult of irrigation; contr. of خَافِضَةٌ السقيا. (TA in art. خفض.) رَافِعَةٌ [as a subst., or an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] A hard and elevated tract of land. (ISh, TA voce خَافِضَةٌ [which signifies the contr.]) [See also رَافِعٌ.]

أَرْفَعُ [Higher, or more elevated &c.: and highest, or most elevated &c.]. b2: أَرْفَعُ لِلْحَدِيثِ (tropical:) More skilled in tracing up, or ascribing, or attributing, a tradition to its author; i. q. أَنَصُّ, q. v. (TA in art. نص.) b3: عَدَا عَدْوًا بَعْضُهُ أَرْفَعُ مِنْ بَعَضٍ (assumed tropical:) [He ran with a running of which one part was quicker than another]; said of an ass. (Lth, K.) مَرْفَعٌ [A place of elevation: and hence, b2: ] A chair, or throne; syn. كُرْسِىٌّ: of the dial. of El Yemen. (TA.) مِرْفَعٌ A thing with which one raises, elevates, or takes up. (TA.) مَرْفُوعٌ pass. part. n. of رَفَعَهُ. b2: وَفُرُشٍ مَرْفُوعَةٍ, (S, K, *) in the Kur [lvi. 32], (S,) means [and beds raised] one upon another: (Fr, S, Bd, K:) or (assumed tropical:) of high estimation: (Bd:) or (tropical:) brought near to them: (S, K:) or wives elevated upon couches: (Bd:) or (assumed tropical:) honoured wives. (S, K.) b3: حَدِيثٌ مَرْفُوعٌ (tropical:) A tradition related by a Companion of the Prophet, and ascribed, or attributed, to the Prophet himself, by the mention of him as its author, or of the person, or persons, up to the Prophet, by whom it has been handed down. (Kull p. 152.) A2: It is also an inf. n.: [see رَفَعَ البَعِيرُ, in the latter half of the first paragraph:] and signifies (tropical:) A certain pace of a beast, (S, TA,) of a horse and of a camel; (L;) contr. of مَوْضُوعٌ; (S, TA;) and of مَخْفُوضٌ; (A in art. خفض;) it is a run below that termed حُضْر: (S, TA:) or above that which is termed مَوْضُوع, and below that which is termed عَدْو: (TA: [but probably عدو is here a mistake for حُضْر:]) or a pace of a camel rising above the [easy and quick rate of going termed] هَمْلَجَة. (ISk.) You say, لَيْسَ لَهُ مَرْفُوعٌ (tropical:) He (a beast) has not the pace termed مرفوع. (S.) جَبَلٌ مُرْتَفِعٌ A high mountain. (TA.)

رنق

1 رَنِقَ, (S, Sgh, K,) aor. ـِ (K;) and رَنَقَ, aor. ـُ (ISd, K;) inf. n. (of the former, S) رَنَقٌ (S, K) and [of the latter] رَنْقٌ and رُنُوقٌ; (K;) It (water) was, or became, turbid, thick, or muddy; (S, K;) as also ↓ ترنّق. (K.) A2: See also 4, in two places.2 رنّق, (S, K,) inf. n. تَرْنِيقٌ, (IAar, S,) He rendered water turbid, thick, or muddy; (IAar, S, K;) as also ↓ ارنق. (S, K.) b2: And the former, He cleared it; rendered it clear: thus it bears two contr. significations. (IAar, K.) [Hence,] one says, رنّق اللّٰهُ قَذَاتَكَ May God clear away thy قذاة [or mote in the eye; probably meaning (assumed tropical:) that which annoys thee]. (IAar, K) A2: Also, as an intrans. verb, He was, or became, confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course. (TA.) And تَرْنِيقٌ signifies A man's standing, not knowing whether to go or come. (TA.) And The being weak, or infirm, [and, app., disordered, or perturbed,] in sight, and in body, and in an affair or case. (S, K.) Hence, (TA,) رنّقوا فِى الأَمْرِ They confused the judgment, or opinion, [that they formed, or they were confused in judgment or opinion,] in, or respecting, the affair, or case. (S, K.) b2: Also He paused and waited. (TA.) [Hence the saying,] رَمَّدَتِ المِعْزَى فَرَنِّقْ رَنِّقْ, (JK, S, K,) i. e. The she-goats have secreted milk in their udders; (JK;) but wait thou, wait thou, (JK, S, TA,) for their bringing forth, (S, TA,) for they show signs, but do not bring forth until after some time: (S:) thou wilt have to wait long for them: (TA:) sometimes it is said with م [in the place of ن], and also with د [in the place of ر]: (S, TA:) it is mentioned in art. ربق [q. v.]. (K. [See also art. رمق.]) b3: Also He continued looking; (S, K, TA, in this art. and in art. رمق;) like رمّق. (S and TA in the same two arts.) And you say also, رنّق إِلَيْهِ النَّظُرَ and دنّق [meaning He continued looking at it]. (S in art. دنق.) And رنّق النَّظَرَ meaning [He looked covertly, or clandestinely; or] he concealed the looking. (TA.) b4: Said of a company of men, They remained, stayed, dwelt, or abode, in a place (بِمَكَانٍ), (S, K,) and confined themselves therein. (S.) b5: Said of a bird, He flapped his wings in the air, (S, K,) and remained steady, (S,) not flying: (S, K:) or flapped his wings in the air without alighting and without quitting his place: or it has two meanings: i. e. he expanded his wings in the air without moving them: and he flapped his wings. (TA.) Hence, said of a captive, He stretched out his neck on the occasion of slaughter, like the bird expanding his wings. (TA.) [Hence also,] رنّقت السَّفِينَةُ (JK, TA) فِى مَكَانِهَا (JK) The ship turned round in its place without proceeding in its course. (JK, TA.) b6: رنّقت الشَّمْسُ The sun became near to setting. (TA. [See also دنّقت.]) And رنّقت مِنْهُ المَنِيَّةُ (tropical:) Death was near to befalling him: a metaphorical phrase from رنّق said of a bird. (TA.) b7: رنٌّ النَّوْمُ (S, K) فِى عَيْنَيْهِ (K) (tropical:) Sleep pervaded (خَالَطَ) his eyes, (S, Z, Sgh, K,) without his sleeping. (Z, TA.) A3: تَرْنِيقٌ also signifies The breaking of the wing of a bird by a shot or throw, or by disease, so that he, or it, falls. (Lth, K.) [You say of the bird رُنِّقَ or رُنِّقَ جَنَاحُهُ His wing was broken &c. See the pass. part. n., below.]4 ارنق: see 2.

A2: Also He moved about, or agitated, [or waved,] his banner, previously to a charge, or an assault, in war or battle; (IAar, K;) and [in like manner,] ↓ رَنَقَ, inf. n. رَنْقٌ, he moved about, &c., the banner. (TA.) A3: And It (a banner) was moved about or agitated [or waved]; (IAar, K;) and [in like manner,] ↓ رَنَقَ it (a banner) was moved about &c. over the heads. (TA.) 5 تَرَنَّقَ see 1.

رَنْقٌ Turbid, thick, or muddy, water; (S, K;) as also ↓ رَنِقٌ and ↓ رَنَقٌ. (K.) b2: Also (TA) Dust in water, consisting of motes, or particles of rubbish, and the like, that fall into it [and render it turbid]; (JK, TA;) and so ↓ رَنَقٌ. (JK.) Accord. to IB, رَنْقٌ has for pl. رَنَائِقُ; as though this were pl. of رَنِيقَةٌ: (TA:) or الرَّيَانِقُ is pl. of المَآءِ ↓ رَنْقَةُ, (Ibn-'Abbád, K, TA,) or of رَنْقَةٌ, (JK,) and is formed by transposition, (JK, Ibn-'Abbád, K, TA,) being originally الرَّنَائِقُ. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) One says, ↓ مَا فِى عَيْشِهِ رَنَقٌ (assumed tropical:) [There is not in his life anything that renders it turbid]. (JK.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) Lying, or falsehood, or a lie; syn. كَذِبٌ. (TA.) رَنَقٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in three places.

رَنِقٌ: see رَنْقٌ. b2: [Hence,] عَيْشٌ رَنِقٌ (assumed tropical:) Turbid life. (S.) رَنْقَةٌ A small quantity of turbid water remaining in a watering-trough or tank. (TA.) [and accord. to Freytag, ↓ رَنْقَآءُ occurs in the Deewán El-Hudhaleeyeen as meaning A small quantity of turbid water.] Accord. to Ibn-'Abbád, (TA,) one says, صَارَ المَآءُ رَنْقَةً, (K, TA,) or ↓ رُوْنَقَةً, (JK, and so in the CK and in my MS. copy of the K,) meaning The water became such that mud predominated in it: (JK, K, TA:) but the correct phrase, as given in the “Nawádir” by Lh, is, صَارَ المَآءُ رَنْقَةً وَاحِدَةً [The water became one puddle in which mud predominated]. (TA.) See also رَنْقٌ.

رَنْقَآءُ: see the next preceding paragraph. b2: Also Land (أَرْضٌ) that does not give growth (JK, Ibn-'Abbád, K) to anything: (JK, Ibn-'Abbád:) pl. رَنْقَاوَاتٌ. (JK, Ibn-'Abbád, K.) b3: And A female bird sitting on eggs. (K.) رَوْنَقٌ The مَآء [or water] of a sword; (S, K, TA;) i. e. its فِرِنْد [or diversified wavy marks, streaks, or grain]; (TA;) and its beauty; (S, K;) or the semblance of water that is seen upon a sword. (JK.) b2: And (hence, S) of the ضُحَى

[or early part of the forenoon], (S, K,) &c.; (S;) meaning (tropical:) The first, or beginning, thereof; (JK, * TA;) and its clearness. (TA.) One says, أَتَيْتُهُ فِى رَوْنَقِ الضُّحَى I came to him in the first, or beginning, of the ضحى; like as one says فِى

وَجْهِ الضُّحَى. (TA.) And رَوْنَقُ الشَّبَابِ means (tropical:) The prime of youth; and its freshness, or brightness, and beauty. (TA.) رَوْنَقَةٌ: see رَنْقَةٌ.

تُرْنُوقٌ (JK, S, K) and تَرْنُوقٌ and تُرْنُوقَآءُ (K) The mud that is in rivers, and in a channel of water, (S, K,) when the water has sunk therefrom into the earth: (K:) or the thin, and viscous, cohesive, or slimy, mud remaining in a pool of water left by a torrent: (JK:) or the slime of a well, and of the channel of a torrent, mixed with black, or black and fetid, mud. (Mgh voce تِقْنٌ, from the “Jámi'” of El-Ghooree.) مُرَنَّقُ الجَنَاحِ A bird having the wing broken by a shot or throw, or by disease, so that he, or it, falls. (K.) لَقِيتُ فُلَانًامُرَنِّقَةً عَيْنَاهُ (so in one of my copies of the S, and in the PS and JM; in the other of my copies of the S مُرَنَّقَةً;) (assumed tropical:) I met such a one having his eyes languid by reason of hunger or from some other cause. (S.)

روق

1 رَاقَ, (S, Msb, TA,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. رَوْقٌ, (S,) It (wine, or beverage, S, or water, Msb, TA, and a thing, TA) was, or became, clear. (S, Msb, TA.) A2: راق عَلَيْهِ, (JK, K,) aor. as above, (JK,) and so the inf. n., (K,) He, or it, exceeded him, or it: (JK:) [and] he, or it, exceeded him, or it, in excellence. (K.) You say, راق فِى يَدِى كَذَا Such a thing was redundant, or remained over and above, in my hand; like رَاعَ; syn. زَادَ. (L in art. ريع.) and راق فُلَانٌ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ Such a one was, or became, above, or superior to, his family; surpassed, or excelled, his family. (JK.) A3: رَاقَنِى, (JK, S, MA,) or راق لِى, (so in my copy of the Msb, [perhaps a mistranscription, for only the former is commonly known,]) and راقَهُ, (K,) aor. as above, (JK, S,) and so the inf. n., (JK, K,) It (a thing) induced in me, and him, wonder, or admiration, and pleasure, or joy; excited my, and his, admiration and approval; pleased, or rejoiced, me, and him. (JK, S, MA, Msb, K.) A4: رَوِقَ, [aor. ـْ inf. n. رَوَقٌ, He was, or became, long-toothed: (MA:) [or he had long teeth, the upper of which projected over the lower: or his upper central incisors were longer than the lower, and projecting over them: see رَوَقٌ, below.]2 روّق, (JK, S, Msb,) inf.n. تَرْوِيقٌ, (S, K,) He cleared, or clarified, (S, Msb, K,) wine, or beverage, (S,) or water; (Msb;) he cleared, or clarified, wine, or beverage, with the رَاوُوق. (JK, TA.) b2: (tropical:) He (a drunken man) made water in his clothes. (AHn, K, TA.) A2: روّق البَيْتَ, (JK, TA,) inf. n. as above, (JK,) He made, or put, to the tent, a رِوَاق, (JK, TA,) meaning a curtain extended below the roof. (TA. [See رِوَاقٌ.]) b2: Hence, (Har p. 50,) روّق اللَّيْلُ (assumed tropical:) The night extended the رِوَاق [or curtain] of its darkness; (S, Msb, Har ubi suprà, TA;) became dark; (Har, TA;) as also ↓ أَرْوَقَ. (TA.) A3: تَرْوِيقٌ also signifies The selling a commodity and buying one better than it, (IAar, K, TA,) or longer than it, and better: (TA:) or the selling an old and wornout thing and buying a new one: (Th, TA:) or the selling one's garment, and adding something to it, and buying [with that garment and the thing added to it] another garment better than it: (JK:) [or the buying, with a thing and something added thereto, a better thing: for] one says, بَاعَ سِلْعَتَهُ فَرَوَّقَ [He sold his commodity, and bought with it and something added thereto a better commodity]. (TA.) b2: One says also, رَوَّقَ لِفُلَانٍ فِى سِلْعَتِهِ He named a high price to such a one for his commodity, not desiring it [himself, but app. desiring to induce another to give a high price for it]. (JK, K: expl. in the former by رَفَعَ لَهُ فِى سَوْمِهَا وَ لَا يُرِيدُهَا; and in the latter by رَفَعَ لَهُ فِى ثَمَنِهَا وَ هُوَ لَا يُرِيدُهَا.) 4 أَرْوَقَ: see 2.

A2: اراقهُ, (Msb in art. ريق, and K in that and the present art.,) inf. n. إِرَاقَةٌ, (S in the present art., and so in the K accord. to the TA,) He poured it out, or forth; (S, Msb, K;) namely, water and the like, (S,) or water and blood: (Msb:) and one says also هَرَاقَهُ, (Msb, TA,) changing the أ into ه, originally هَرْيَقَهُ, like دَحْرَجَهُ, in measure, (Msb,) said by Lh to be of the dial. of El-Yemen, and afterwards to have spread among Mudar, (TA in art. ريق,) aor. ـَ (Msb, TA,) with fet-h to the ه, imperative هَرِقْ, originally هَرْيِقْ, like دَحْرِجْ, (Msb,) inf. n. هِرَاقَةٌ; (S and K in art. هرق;) and أَهْرَاقَهُ, aor. ـْ (Msb, TA,) with the ه quiescent, like يُسْطِيعُ aor. of إِسْطَاعَ; or, accord. to the T, أَهْرَقْتُ is wrong as being anomalous; and some say, هَرَقْتُهُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. هَرْقٌ, as though the ه were radical. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., إِنَّ امْرَأَةً

كَانَتْ تُهَرَاقُ الدِّمَآءَ or تُهْرَاقُ, the verb being in the pass. form, and the ه either meftoohah or quiescent, and الدماء being in the accus. case as a specificative; [so that the meaning is, Verily a woman used to pour forth with blood; for تهراق is equivalent to تَرِيقُ; but by rule the specificative should be without the article ال;] or الدماء may be in the nom. case, الدِّمَآءُ being for دِمَاؤُهَا [i. e. her blood used to pour forth]. (Msb.) ISd says that أَرَاقَ is judged to be originally أَرْوَقَ because the medial radical letter of a verb is more commonly و than ى; and because, when water is poured forth, its clearness appears, and it excites the admiration and approval of its beholder; [to which may be added, also because one says, هُما يَتَرَاوَقَانِ المَآءَ;] though Ks states that رَاقَ المَآءُ, aor. ـِ signifies The water poured out, or forth: IB says that أَرَقْتُ المَآءَ is from راق المَآءُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. رَيْقٌ, signifying the water went to and fro upon the surface of the earth. (TA.) One says also, of a man, اراق مَآءَ ظَهْرِهِ and هَرَاقَهُ and أَهْرَاقَهُ [meaning He poured forth his seminal fluid]. (TA.) b2: and أَرِقْ عَنْكَ مِنَ الظَّهِيرَةِ and هَرِقْ meaning (assumed tropical:) Stay thou until the mid-day heat shall have become assuaged, and the air be cool; syn. أَبْرِدْ. (IAar, TA in art. فيح.) b3: [See more in art. هرق.]5 تروّق It (wine, or beverage, [&c.,]) became clear [or rather cleared] without pressing, or expressing. (TA.) 6 هُمَا يَتَرَاوَقَانِ المَآءَ They two pour the water out, or forth, by turns. (TA.) رَوْقٌ [an inf. n. of رَاقَ, used as an epithet,] Clear; applied to water &c. (IAar, K. [See also رَائِقٌ.] b2: [Hence, app., as a subst.,] Pure, or sincere, love. (K.) A2: [Also, as an epithet originally an inf. n.,] Inducing wonder, or admiration, and pleasure, or joy; exciting admiration and approval; pleasing, or rejoicing; (IAar, K;) as also ↓ رَائِقٌ (JK) and ↓ رَيِّقٌ. (IAar, TA.) And, applied to a horse, Beautiful in make, that induces wonder, or admiration, and pleasure, or joy, in his beholder; excites his admiration and approval; or pleases, or rejoices, him; as also ↓ رَيِّقٌ. (K.) A3: A horn (JK, S, K, TA) of any horned animal: (TA:) pl. أَرْوَاقٌ. (S, TA.) [Hence,] رَوْقُ الفَرَسِ (assumed tropical:) The spear which the horseman extends between the horse's ears: (K:) [for] spears are regarded as the horses' horns. (Ham p. 90.) And دَاهِيَةٌ ذَاتُ رَوْقَيْنِ (tropical:) A great calamity or misfortune; (K, TA;) lit. twohorned. (TA.) And حَرْبٌ ذَاتُ رَوْقَيْنِ (tropical:) A vehement war. (TA.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) [A] courageous [man], with whom one cannot cope. (K.) b3: (tropical:) A chief (IAar, JK, K) of men. (JK.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A company, or collective body, (As, O, K,) of people: so in the saying, جَآءَنَا رَوْقٌ مِنْ بَنِى فُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) [A company of the sons of such a one came to us: or, app., a numerous and strong company; for it is added that this is] like the saying رَأْسُ جَمَاعَةِ القَوْمِ [which means “ the numerous and strong company of the collective body of the people ”]. (As, O.) b5: Also syn. with رِوَاقٌ in several senses, as pointed out below: see the latter word in six places. b6: Also (assumed tropical:) The foremost part or portion of rain, and of an army, and of a number of horses or horsemen. (TA.) And (tropical:) The first part of youth; as also ↓ رَيِّقٌ, (S, O, K,) originally رَيْوِقٌ, (O, K,) and ↓ رَيْقٌ, (S, O, K,) which is a contraction of رَيِّقٌ: (O:) you say, فَعَلَهُ فِى رَوْقِ شَبَابِهِ and شبابه ↓ رَيِّقِ and شبابه ↓ رَيْقِ (tropical:) He did it in the first part of his youth: (S, TA: *) and مَضَى

مِنَ الشَّبَابِ رَوْقُهُ (tropical:) The first part of youth passed. (TA.) b7: Also (assumed tropical:) The youth [itself] of a man. (TA.) b8: And (assumed tropical:) Life; i. e. the period of. life: whence the saying, أَكَلَ رَوْقَهُ (assumed tropical:) [He consumed his life; or] he became aged: (K:) or this saying means (assumed tropical:) his life became prolonged so that, or until, his teeth fell out, one after another. (S, O.) b9: (assumed tropical:) A part, or portion, of the night: (S, K:) pl., accord. to IB, أَرْوُقٌ: but accord. to Aboo-'Amr Esh-Sheybánee, this is pl. of رِوَاقٌ: (TA:) [or the pl. of رَوْقٌ in this sense is أَرْوَاقٌ.] Yousay, مَضَى رَوْقٌ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ (assumed tropical:) A part, or portion, of the night passed. (TA.) And أَرْوَاقُ اللَّيْلِ means (tropical:) The folds (أَثْنَآء) of the darkness of night. (K, TA.) And أَرْوَاقُ العَيْنِ (tropical:) The sides of the eye: so in the saying, أَسْبَلَتْ أَرْوَاقُ العَيْنِ (tropical:) The sides of the eye shed tears. (O, K, * TA.) b10: Also (assumed tropical:) The body: (K, TA:) and [in like manner the pl.] أَرْوَاقٌ signifies the (assumed tropical:) extremities and body, of a man: (TA:) and his self; (JK, * TA;) as also the singular. (JK, TA.) You say, رَمَوْنَا بِأَرْوَاقِهِمْ (assumed tropical:) They threw themselves upon us. (TA.) and أَلْقَى عَلَيْنَا أَرْوَاقَهُ (assumed tropical:) He covered us with himself [by throwing himself upon us]. (TA.) And رَمَاهُ بِأَرْوَاقِهِ (assumed tropical:) He threw his weight upon him. (TA.) And رَمَى بِأَرْوَاقِهِ عَنِ الدَّابَّةِ (assumed tropical:) He mounted the beast: and رَمَى بِأَرْوَاقِهِ عَنِ الدَّابَّةِ (assumed tropical:) He alighted from the beast. (O, K.) And أَلْقَى أَرْوَاقَهُ (assumed tropical:) He remained at rest in a place; (S, O, K;) like as one says, أَلْقَى عَصَاهُ: (S, O:) a meaning said in the K to be app. the contr. of what here next follows: but this requires consideration. (TA.) Also (assumed tropical:) He ran vehemently: (A 'Obeyd, S, O, K:) not known, however, to Sh, in this sense; but known to him as meaning (assumed tropical:) he strove, laboured, toiled, or exerted himself, in a thing. (TA.) [Agreeably with this last explanation, it is said that] رَوْقٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) A man's determination, or resolution; his action; and his purpose, or intention. (K, TA.) And hence the saying, أَلْقَى عَلَيْهِ أَرْوَاقَهُ [meaning (assumed tropical:) He devoted his mind and energy to it, or him]: (TA:) [or] you say thus, and أَلْقَى عَلَيْهِ شَرَاشِرَهُ, meaning his loving it, or him, (أَنْ يُحِبَّهُ,) vehemently [i. e. (assumed tropical:) he loved it, or him, vehemently; agreeably with explanations of the saying القى عليه شراشره in art. شر, q. v.]. (Thus in the JM. [In my two copies of the S, and in the O and K, and hence in the TA, in the places of عَلَيْهِ and يُحِبَّهُ we find عَلَيْكَ and تُحِبَّهُ; evidently mistranscriptions which have been copied by one lexicographer after another without due consideration: or, if we read عَلَيْكَ, we should read يُحِبَّكَ; for in this case the meaning of the saying would certainly be he loved thee vehemently. Freytag, misled by the reading تُحِبَّهُ in the S and K, renders القى عليك ارواقه as meaning Magno amore erga ipsum te accendit. Golius gives, in its place, ضرب اوراقه عليه (for ارواقه), as meaning Valde amavit eum.]) b11: Yousay also, أَلْقَتِ السَّحَابَةُ أَرْوَاقَهَا, (JK, S, O, K,) or القت السحابة عَلَى الأَرْضِ ارواقها, (TA,) (tropical:) The cloud cast down its rain, and its vehement rain consisting of large drops, (S, O, K, TA,) upon the earth: (TA:) or persevered with rain, and remained stationary upon the land: (JK, TA:) or أَلْقَتِ السَّمَآءُ بِأَرْوَاقِهَا The sky cast down all the water that was in it: (IAmb, O, TA:) or this saying, (O, TA,) or the former, (K,) means cast down its clear waters; (O, K, TA;) from رَاقَ المَآءُ signifying “ the water was, or became, clear: ”

but IAmb deems this improbable, because the Arabs did not say مَآءٌ رَوْقٌ and مَاآنِ رَوْقَانِ and أَمْوَاهٌ أَرْوَاقٌ: (O, TA:) [i. e. they said رَوْقٌ only, in all cases when they used it as an epithet meaning “ clear,” because it is originally an inf. n., like عَدْلٌ &c.:] or, as some say, by بارواقها is meant its waters rendered heavy by the clouds: and one says, أَرْخَتِ السَّمَآءُ أَرْوَاقَهَا and عَزَالِيهَا (assumed tropical:) [The sky loosed, or let down, its spouts; the clouds being likened to leathern water-bags]: (TA:) [for]

رَوْقُ السَّحَابِ means (assumed tropical:) The مَسِيل [or channel by which flows the water] of the clouds. (TA in another part of the art. [See also رِوَاقٌ, as used in relation to clouds.]) A4: رَوْقٌ also signifies A substitute for a thing, (O, K,) accord. to [the JK and] Ibn-'Abbád. (O.) A5: And الرَّوْقُ meansThe breathing of [i. e. in] the agony of death (نَفْسُ النَّزْعِ). (O, K, TA. [In the CK and in my MS. copy of the K, نَفْسُ النَّزْعِ, which means the agony of death itself.]) رُوقٌ is said to be pl. of رُوقَةٌ, and of رَائِقٌ, and of أَرْوَقُ. (TA.) [See these three words.]

رَوَقٌ Length of the teeth, with a projecting of the upper over the lower: (JK:) or length of the upper incisors exceeding that of the lower, (S, O, K, TA,) with projection of the former over the latter. (TA.) [See also 1, last sentence.]

رَيْقٌ: see رَوْقٌ, in two places, in the former half of the paragraph: b2: and see also رِيِّقٌ.

رَوْقَةٌ i. q. جَمَالٌ رَائِقٌ [i. e. Beauty, comeliness, or elegance, &c., that induces wonder, or admiration, and pleasure, or joy; or surpassing beauty, &c.]. (K.) رُوقَةٌ Choice, or excellent: (Fr, O:) or goodly, or beautiful: (K:) applied to a boy and to a girl, (Fr, O, K,) and to a he-camel and to a she-camel: (Fr, O:) and very beautiful or comely or elegant; (K;) applied to one and more of human beings: (TA:) used alike as masc. and fem. and sing. and pl. (O, TA) and dual: (TA:) [and also said to be pl. of رَائِقٌ, q. v.:] and it has a pl., [or coll. gen. n.,] namely, رُوْقٌ; (IDrd, O, TA;) applied to she-camels; (IDrd, O;) or sometimes applied to horses and camels, absolutely accord. to IAar, or particularly when on a journey. (TA.) A2: Also A little, or paltry, thing: (JK, IDrd, O, K:) of the dial. of El-Yemen. (IDrd, O.) You say, مَا أَعْطَاهُ إِلَّا رُوقَةً He gave him not save a little, or paltry, thing. (IDrd, O.) رَوَاقٌ: see what next follows.

رُوَاقٌ: see what next follows.

رِوَاقٌ (Lth, S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ رُوَاقٌ (MA, K) and ↓ رَوَاقٌ (MA) A بَيْت [or tent] like the فُسْطَاط [q. v.], (Lth, JK, O, Msb, K,) supported upon one pole in the middle thereof; (Lth, O, Msb;) as also ↓ رَوْقٌ; (K, * TA; expl. in the former as signifying a فُسْطَاط; and its pl. أَرْوَاقٌ is expl. in the S as signifying فَسَاطِيطُ;) accord. to Lth: (TA:) or a roof in the front, or fore part, of a بَيْت [or tent]; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ رَوْقٌ: (S:) or a curtain that is extended below the roof; as also ↓ رَوْقٌ; which latter is expl. in the K as signifying simply a curtain: (TA:) or the رِوَاق of a بَيْت [or tent] is the curtain of the front, or fore part, thereof, extending from the top thereof to the ground: (Az, TA:) a [piece of cloth such as is called] كِسَآء let down upon the front, or fore part, of a بَيْت, from the top thereof to the ground: (Mgh:) ↓ رَوْقٌ signifies the same as رِوَاقٌ: (K:) and each signifies the شُقَّة [or oblong piece of cloth] that is beneath the upper, or uppermost, شُقَّة of a بَيْت [or tent]: (Az, O, K:) or sometimes the رواق is one such piece of cloth, and sometimes of two such pieces, and sometimes of three: (TA:) and, (Msb,) or as some say, (Mgh, TA,) رِوَاقٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) the front, or fore part, of a بَيْت [or tent]; (Z, Mgh, Msb, TA;) as also ↓ رَوْقٌ; (JK, Z, K;) its hinder part being called its كِفَآء, and its two sides being called its خَالِفَتَانِ; (TA;) whence the saying, بَيْتِهِ ↓ قَعَدُوا فِى رَوْقِ and رِوَاقِ بَيْتِهِ, i. e. (tropical:) [They sat in] the front or fore part [of his tent]: (Z, TA:) and ↓ رَوْقٌ also signifies a tent; as in the saying, ضَرَبَ رَوْقَهُ [He pitched his tent]: (S:) and [hence] the place of the huntsman [in which he conceals himself to lie in wait]; (K;) as being likened to the رواق: (TA:) and رواق signifies also a place that affords shelter in rain: (MA:) [and a portico; and particularly such as surrounds the court of a mosque; (see سُدَّةٌ;) in some of the large collegiate mosques, as, for instance, in the mosque El-Azhar, in Cairo, divided into a number of distinct apartments for students of different provinces or countries, each of which apartments by itself is termed a رِوَاق:] the pl. of رواق is أَرْوِقَةٌ and رُوقٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) the former a pl. of pauc. and the latter of mult. (S, O.) b2: [Hence, الرِّوَاقُ مِنَ السَّحَابِ, expl. in the TA as meaning ما دار مِنْهُ كَرِوَاقِ البَيْتِ: but دار is here evidently a mistranscription for كَانَ; and the meaning is, (assumed tropical:) The part, of the clouds, that resembles the رواق of the tent. See also رَوْقُ السَّحَابِ, near the end of the paragraph commencing with رَوْقٌ.] b3: [Hence also,] رِوَاقُ اللَّيْلِ (assumed tropical:) [The curtain of night: and] the first part of night; and the greater, or main, part thereof. (ISd, K. [It is implied in the latter that one says also in this instance and in the next رُوَاق.]) Yousay, of night, مَدَّ رِوَاقَ ظُلْمَتِهِ (assumed tropical:) [It extended the curtain of its darkness]: (S, Msb:) and أَلْقَى

أَرْوِقَتَهُ (assumed tropical:) [It let fall its curtains]. (S.) [See also an ex. in a verse cited voce مُرِمٌّ, in art. رم.] b4: And رِوَاقُ العَيْنِ (assumed tropical:) The eyebrow. (JK, K.) A2: رِوَاقُ [imperfectly decl. as being a proper name and of the fem. gender, though it is implied in the K that it is الرِّوَاقُ and الرُّوَاقُ,] is a name for The ewe, (O, K,) by which she is called to be milked, by the cry رِوَاق رِوَاق; (O;) but not unless she be ↓ رَوْقَآء [app., if not a mistranscription for وَرْقَآء, formed from this latter by transposition, and thus meaning dusky: see أَرْوَقُ]. (O, K.) رَائِقٌ Cleared, or clarified, [or rather ↓ مُرَوَّقٌ has this meaning, and رَائِقٌ signifies clear,] wine, or beverage. (TA.) And Pure musk. (TA.) [See also the same word in art. ريق: and see رَوْقٌ.]

A2: [Also Exceeding, surpassing, or superlative: see 1, second and next two following sentences.] b2: See also رَوْقٌ, third sentence. [Hence,] Goodly, or beautiful: (S, K, TA:) from رَاقَنِى

signifying as expl. in the first paragraph of this art.; (S;) or from رَاقَ signifying “ it was, or became, clear: ” (TA:) pl. رُوقَةٌ, (S, K,) like as فُرْهَةٌ and صُحْبَةٌ are pls. of فَارِهٌ and صَاحِبٌ, (S,) [or rather quasi-pl.,] applied to boys, (S, K,) and to girls; (S;) [and also (as expl. above) an epithet used alike as masc. and fem. and sing. and pl. and dual;] and رُوقٌ is another pl. of رَائِقٌ, like as بُزْلٌ is of بَازِلٌ. (S.) رُوقَةُ المُؤْمِنِينَ, in which روقة is [quasi-] pl. of رائق, means the best, and the manly and noble or generous, of the believers. (TA.) رَيِّقٌ: see رَوْقٌ, in four places, in the former half of the paragraph. b2: Also The most excellent of anything; (JK, S;) as, for instance, of wine, or beverage, and of rain. (JK.) b3: And it is said to signify also, (JK, Ibn-'Abbád, O,) or so ↓ رَيْقٌ, (accord. to the copies of the K,) A scanty fall of rain: thus bearing two contr. meanings. (JK, Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) رَاوُوقٌ A clarifier, or strainer, (S, Msb, K,) syn. مِصْفَاةٌ, (S, K,) for wine or beverage: (S:) the نَاجُود [q. v.] with which wine, or beverage, is cleared, (Lth, JK, K, TA,) without pressing, or expressing: (TA:) and (sometimes, S) the [kind of wine-vessel called] بَاطِيَة. (S, K.) Accord. to IAar, (O, TA,) who is said by Sh to differ herein from all others, (TA,) الرَّاوُوقُ signifies also The كَأْس [or drinking-cup, or cup of wine,] itself. (O, K, TA.) And Dukeyn uses it metaphorically in relation to youth; saying, أَسْقَى بِرَاوُوقِ الشَّبَابِ الخَاضِبِ [app. meaning (assumed tropical:) He gave to drink of the cup of ruddy youth: see خَاضِبٌ as an epithet applied to an ostrich]. (TA.) أَرْوَقُ [app. originally signifying Horned: b2: and hence,] (assumed tropical:) A horse between whose ears the rider extends his spear: when the rider does not thus, he [the horse] is said to be أَجَمُّ. (K.) b3: Also, applied to a man, (S, Mgh, K,) Having long teeth, with a projecting of the upper over the lower: (JK:) or having long incisors: (Mgh:) or whose upper incisors are longer than the lower, (S, K, TA,) and project over the latter: (TA:) fem. رَوْقَآءُ: (JK, TA:) and pl. رُوقٌ; (K, TA;) which is also said to be pl. of رُوقَةٌ, and of رَائِقٌ. (TA.) [In the K is added, after the mention of the pl., وَ كَذٰلِكَ قَوْمٌ رُوقٌ وَ رَجُلٌ أَرْوَقُ: an addition altogether redundant.]

A2: [It seems that it is also syn. with أَوْرَقُ, as being formed from the latter by transposition; and that hence] one says سَنَةٌ رَوْقَآءُ and سِنُونَ رُوقٌ [meaning (assumed tropical:) A rainless year and rainless years], and عَاثَ فِيهِمْ عَامٌ أَرْوَقُ كَأَنَّهُ ذِئْبٌ أَوْرَقُ [meaning (assumed tropical:) A rainless year made mischief, or havock, among them, as though it were a dusky wolf]. (TA.) See also رِوَاق, last sentence.

إِرَاقَةٌ inf. n. of 4. (S.) b2: And [hence,] The مَآء [meaning seminal fluid] of a man; as also هِرَاقَةٌ and إِهْرَاقَةٌ. (TA.) [See أَرَاقَ مَآءَ ظَهْرِهِ.]

مَرَاقٌ: see art. ريق.

مَآءٌ مُرَاقٌ [Water, and hence, seminal fluid, poured forth]. (TA. [There immediately followed by أَرَاقَ مَآءَ ظَهْرِهِ, q. v.]) رَجُلٌ مُرِيقٌ [A man pouring forth water, and hence, his seminal fluid]. (TA. [There immediately followed by مَآءٌ مُرَاقٌ, q. v.]) مُرَوَّقٌ: see رَائِقٌ: A2: and see مُرَيَّقٌ, in art. ريق.

A3: Also A tent (بَيْتٌ, S, K, and خِبَآءٌ, S) having a رِوَاق [q. v.]. (S, K. [Said in the TA to be tropical; but why, I do not see.]) هُوَ مُرَاوِقِى He has the رِوَاق of his tent fronting, or facing, that of mine; (JK, A, O, K; *) and so هُوَ جَارِى مُرَاوِقِى. (A, TA.)

رحم

1 رَحِمَهُ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. رَحْمَةٌ and رُحْمٌ [and رَحَمَةٌ and رُحُمٌ] and مَرْحَمَةٌ, (S, * Msb, K, *) [He had mercy, or pity, or compassion, on him; or he treated him, or regarded him, with mercy or pity or compassion; i. e.] he was, or became, tender [or tender-hearted] towards him; and inclined to favour him [and to benefit him]: (S, Msb, K: [see also رَخِمَهُ and رَخَمَهُ:]) and he pardoned him, or forgave him: (K:) said of a man: (S, Msb, K:) and also of God [in the former sense, but tropically, or anthropopathically: or as meaning He favoured him, or benefited him; or pardoned, or forgave, him: see explanations of رَحْمَةٌ below]: (Msb, K:) and عَلَيْهِ ↓ ترحّم signifies the same, (MA, [and the same seems to be indicated in the S,]) said of a man: (S:) [and so does ↓ ترحّمهُ, (occurring in the S and K in art. رعى, &c.,) accord. to Ibn-Maaroof, for he says that] تَرَحُّمٌ signifies the regarding [another] with mercy or pity or compassion; or pardoning [him], or forgiving [him]: and also the being merciful or pitiful or compassionate or favourably inclined [عَلَى غَيْرِهِ to another]. (KL: but respecting this latter verb, see 2.) A2: رَحُمَتْ, and رَحِمَتْ, (S, K,) and رُحِمَتْ, (K,) inf. n. رَحَامَةٌ, (S, K,) which is of the first, (S, TA,) and رَحَمٌ, (S, K,) which is of the second, (S, TA,) and رَحْمٌ, (K,) which is of the third, (TA,) She had a complaint of her womb after bringing forth, (S, K,) and died in consequence thereof: (K:) said of a camel, (S, TA,) and of a ewe or goat, and of a woman, and of any animal having a womb: (TA:) or she had a disease in her womb, in consequence of which she did not receive impregnation: or she brought forth without letting fall her secundine: (K, TA:) or, accord. to Lh, the bringing forth without letting fall her secundine, by a sheep or goat, is termed ↓ رُحَامٌ. (TA.) b2: رَحِمَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَحَمٌ, is also said of a water-skin, meaning It was left, or neglected, by its owners, after its being seasoned with rob, [for غيته, in the phrase بعد غيته, an evident mistranscription, I read, conjecturally, تَمْتِينِهِ, as the only word at all resembling غيته, that I can call to mind, having an apposite signification,] and they did not anoint it, or grease it, so that it became spoilt, or in a bad state, and did not retain the water: the epithet applied to it in this case is ↓ رَحِمٌ. (TA.) b3: and رَحَامَةٌ is also an inf. n. [of which the verb, if it have one, is app. رَحُمَ,] signifying The being connected by relationship. (TA.) 2 رحّم عَلَيْهِ, inf. n. تَرْحِيمٌ; and ↓ ترحّم; but the former is the more chaste; He said to him, رَحِمَكَ اللّٰهُ [May God have mercy on thee; &c.]. (K.) 5 ترحّم عَلَيْهِ and ترحّمهُ: for both see 1; and for the former see also 2. [Accord. to different authorities, it appears that both may be rendered He had mercy, or pity, or compassion, on him; or he pitied, or compassionated, him: (see 1:) or he pitied him, or compassionated him, much: (see what follows:) and the former, he said to him, May God have mercy on thee; &c.; (see 2;) or he expressed a wish that God would have mercy on him; or he expressed pity, or compassion, for him: and also he affected, or constrained himself to have or to show, pity, or compassion.] Though تَرَحَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ is mentioned by J, and not رَحَّمّهُ, some say that the former is incorrect: and it is said that تَرَحُّمٌ implies self-constraint, and therefore is not to be attributed to God: but some repudiate this assertion, because it occurs in correct traditions, and because تَفَعُّلٌ is not restricted to the denoting peculiarly self-constraint, but has other properties, as in the instances of تَوَحُّدٌ and تَكَبُّرٌ, denoting intensiveness and muchness. (TA.) 6 تراحموا signifies رَحِمَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا [They had mercy, or pity, or compassion, one on another; &c.]. (S, TA.) 10 استرحمهُ He asked, or demanded, of him الرَّحْمَة [i. e. mercy, or pity, or compassion; &c.]. (TA.) رَحْمٌ: see its syn. رَحِمٌ, in two places.

رُحْمٌ: see its syn. رَحْمَةٌ. b2: [Hence,] أُمُّ رُحْمٍ

one of the names of Mekkeh; (S, K; *) as also أُمُّ الرُّحْمِ; (K;) meaning the source of الرَّحْمَة [or mercy, &c.]. (TA.) [See also زُحْمٌ.]

رِحْمٌ: see its syn. رَحِمٌ, in two places.

رَحَمٌ The coming forth of the womb, in consequence of a disease. (IAar, TA.) [See also رَحِمَتْ and رَحِمَ, of each of which it is an inf. n.]

رَحِمٌ The womb, i. e. the place of origin, (Mgh, Msb, K,) and the receptacle, (Mgh, K,) of the young, (Mgh, Msb, K,) in the belly; (Mgh;) as also ↓ رِحْمٌ, (Msb, K,) a contraction of the former, and ↓ رَحْمٌ, which is of the dial. of Benoo-Kiláb: (Msb:) in this sense, (Msb,) which is the primary signification, (Mgh,) [i. e.] as meaning the رَحِم of the female, (S,) it is fem.; (S, Msb;) or, as some say, masc.; (Msb;) but IB cites a verse in which رِحْم is fem.: (TA:) pl. أَرْحَامٌ. (MA.) b2: Hence, (Mgh, Msb,) as also ↓ رِحْمٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ رَحْمٌ, (Msb,) (tropical:) Relationship; i. e. nearness of kin; syn. قَرَابَةٌ: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) [by some restricted to relationship by the female side; as will be shown below:] and connexion by birth: (Mgh, Msb:) or relationship connecting with a father or an ancestor: or near relationship: so in the T: (TA:) or a connexion, or tie, of relationship: (A, TA:) or the ties of relationship: (M, K, TA:) accord. to the K, الرَّحِمُ signifies القَرَابَةُ or أَصْلُهَا and أَسْبَابُهَا: but in the M it is said, الرَّحِمُ أَسْبَابُ القَرَابَةِ وَأَصْلُهَا الرَّحِمُ الَّتِى هِىَ مَنْبِتُ الوَلَدِ; in which وَأَصْلُهَا forms no part of the explanation of الرحم, as the author of the K asserts it to do: (TA:) as meaning relationship, رحم is in most instances masc.: (Msb:) pl. as above. (K.) It is said in a holy tradition (حَدِيث قُدْسِىّ [i. e. an inspired or a revealed tradition]) that God said, when He created الرَّحِم [meaning “ relationship,” &c.], أَنَا الَّحْمٰنُ وَأَنْتَ الرَّحِمُ شَقَقْتُ اسْمَكَ مِنِ اسْمِى فَمَنْ وَصَلَكَ وَصَلْتُهُ وَمَنْ قَطَعَكَ قَطَعْتُهُ (assumed tropical:) [I am الرحمٰن and thou art الرحم: I have derived thy name from my name: therefore whoso maketh thee close, I will make him close; and who severeth thee, I will sever him]. (TA.) [وَصَلَ رَحِمَهُ means (assumed tropical:) He made close his tie, or ties, of relationship, by kind behaviour to his kindred: and قَطَعَ رَحِمَهُ, He severed his tie, or ties, of relationship, by unkind behaviour to his kindred: see art. وصل: and see also بَلَّ رَحِمَهُ, in the first paragraph of art. بل; and a verse there cited.] b3: ذُو الرَّحِمِ means (assumed tropical:) [The possessor of relationship, &c.; i. e.] the contr. of الأَجْنَبِىُّ: (Mgh, Msb:) the pl. ذَوُو الأَرْحَامِ, [or, as in the Kur viii. last verse, and xxxiii. 6, أُولُو الأَرْحَامِ,] in the classical language, means any relations: and in law, any relations that have no portion [of the inheritances termed فَرَائِض] and are not [such heirs as are designated by the appellation]

عَصَبَة [q. v.]; (KT, TA in art. ذو;) [i. e.,] with respect to the فَرَائِض, it means the relations by the women's side. (IAth, TA in the present art.) ذُو رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ and [some say] مُحَرَّمٍ [and ذُو رَحِمٍ

مَحْرَمٌ also (see art. حرم)] mean (assumed tropical:) A relation whom it is unlawful to marry, [whether male or female, the latter being included with the former, but the female, when particularly meant, is termed ذَاتُ رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ &c.,] such as the mother and the daughter and the sister and the paternal aunt and the maternal aunt [and the male relations of such degrees]: and most of the learned, of the Companions and of the generation following these, and Aboo-Haneefeh and his companions, and Ahmad [Ibn-Hambal], hold that when one possesses a person that is termed ذُو رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ, this person becomes emancipated, whether male or female; but Esh-Sháfi'ee and others of the Imáms and of the Companions and of the generation following these hold that the children and the fathers and the mothers become emancipated, and not any others than these. (IAth, TA.) b4: [حَاسَّةُ رَحِمٍ means (assumed tropical:) A feeling of relationship or consanguinity, or sympathy of blood; and in like manner, elliptically, رَحِمٌ alone. You say, أَطَّتْ لَهُ مِنِّى حَاسَّةُ رَحِمٍ; expl. in art. حس: and أَطَّتْ لَهُ رَحِمِى; and أَطَّتْ بِكَ الرَّحِمُ; expl. in art. اط. b5: رَحِمٌ is also often used for فَرْجٌ or حَيَآءٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) The vulva: see, for exs., شُفْرٌ, and 1 in art. ظآر, and 8 in art. حوص.]

A2: As an epithet, with ة, applied to a she-camel: see رَحُومٌ. b2: And as an epithet without ة, applied to a water-skin: see 1, last sentence but one.

رُحُمٌ: see the next paragraph.

A2: It is also pl. of رَحُومٌ. (TA.) رَحْمَةٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ رَحَمَةٌ (Sb, K) and ↓ رُحْمٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ رُحُمٌ, (S, K,) thus in a verse of Zuheyr, (S, TA,) and thus in the Kur xviii. 80 accord. to the reading of Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà, (TA,) and ↓ مَرْحَمَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) of which last مَرَاحِمُ is pl., (TA,) [all inf. ns.; when used as simple substs. signifying Mercy, pity, or compassion; i. e.] tenderness (S, Msb, K, and Bd on the بَسْمَلَة) of heart; (Bd ibid.;) and inclination to favour, (S, Msb, K,) or inclination requiring the exercise of favour and beneficence: (Bd ubi suprà:) and pardon, or forgiveness: (K:) accord. to Er-Rághib, رَحْمَةٌ signifies tenderness requiring the exercise of beneficence towards the object thereof: and it is used sometimes as meaning tenderness divested of any other attribute: and sometimes as meaning beneficence divested of tenderness; as when it is used as an attribute of the Creator: when used as an attribute of men, it means tenderness, and inclination to favour [without necessarily implying beneficence]: accord. to El-Káshánee, it is of two kinds; namely, gratuitous, and obligatory: the former is that which pours forth favours, or benefits, antecedently to works; and this is the رحمة that embraces everything: the obligatory is that which is promised to the pious and the doers of good, in the Kur vii. 155 and vii. 54: but this, he says, is included in the gratuitous, because the promise to bestow it for works is purely gratuitous: accord. to the explanation of the Imám Aboo-Is-hák Ahmad Ibn-Mohammad-Ibn-Ibráheem Eth-Thaalebee, it is God's desire to do good to the deserving thereof; so that it is an essential attribute: or the abstaining from punishing him who deserves punishment, and doing good to him who does not deserve [this]; so that it is an attribute of operation. (TA.) The saying in the Kur [xxi. 75] وَأَدْخَلْنَاهُ فِى رَحْمَتِنَا (tropical:) [And we caused him to enter into our mercy] is tropical: so says IJ. (TA.) b2: وَاللّٰهُ يَخْتَصُّ بِرَحْمَتِهِ مَنْ يَشَآءُ, in the Kur [ii. 99 and iii. 67], means (assumed tropical:) [And God distinguishes] with his gift of prophecy [whom He will], or his prophetic office or commission. (K, * TA.) b3: رَحْمَةٌ also means (assumed tropical:) Sustenance, or the means of subsistence: this is said to be its meaning as used in the Kur xli. 50. (TA.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) Rain: (TA:) so in the Kur vii. 55. (Bd, Jel.) b5: And (assumed tropical:) Plenty; or abundance of herbage, and of the goods, conveniences, or comforts, of life: so in the Kur x. 22 and xxx. 35. (TA.) رَحَمَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

رُحْمَى [The saying رَحِمَكَ اللّٰهُ May God have mercy on thee; &c.;] a subst. from رَحَّمَ عَلَيْهِ [like بُقْيَا from أَبْقَى عَلَيْهِ]. (K.) رَحْمَآءُ: see رَحُومٌ.

الرَّحْمٰنُ [thus generally written when it has the article ال prefixed to it, but in other cases رَحْمَانُ, imperfectly decl.,] and ↓ الرَّحِيمُ are names [or epithets] applied to God: (TA:) [the former, considered as belonging to a large class of words expressive of passion or sensation, such as غَضْبَانُ and عَطْشَانُ &c., but, being applied to God, as being used tropically, or anthropopathically, may be rendered The Compassionate: ↓ the latter, considered as expressive of a constant attribute with somewhat of intensiveness, agreeably with analogy, may be rendered the Merciful: but they are variously explained: it is said that] they are both names [or epithets] formed to denote intensiveness of signification, from رَحِمَ; like الغَضْبَانُ from غَضِبَ, and العَلِيمُ from عَلِمَ; and الرَّحْمَةُ, in the proper language, is “ tenderness of heart,” and “ inclination requiring the exercise of favour and beneficence; ” but the names of God are only to be taken [or understood] with regard to the ultimate imports, which are actions, exclusively of the primary imports, which may be passions: and the former is more intensive in signification than the latter; the former including in its objects the believer and the unbeliever, and ↓ the latter having for its peculiar object the believer: (Bd on the بَسْمَلَة:) accord. to J, (TA,) they are two names [or epithets] derived from الرَّحْمَةُ, and are like نَدْمَانُ and نَدِيمٌ, and are syn.; the repetition being allowable when the [mode of] derivation is different, for the purpose of corroboration: (S, TA:) or the repetition is because the former is Hebrew, [originally 165,] and ↓ the latter is Arabic: (I'Ab, TA:) but the former is applicable to God only; though Museylimeh the Liar was called رَحْمَانُ اليَمَامَةِ; (S, TA;) and it is said to mean the Possessor of the utmost degree of الرَّحْمَة; and accord. to Zj, is a name of God mentioned in the most ancient books: (TA:) whereas ↓ the latter is syn. with

↓ الرَّاحِمُ: (S, TA:) or [rather] ↓ رَاحِمٌ is the act. part. n. [signifying having mercy, &c.], and ↓ رَحِيمٌ has an intensive signification [i. e. having much mercy, &c.]: (Msb:) the latter is applied also to a man; and so is ↓ رَحُومٌ, in the same sense, and likewise to a woman: (TA:) the pl. of ↓ رَحِيمٌ is رُحَمَآءُ; (Msb, TA;) occurring in the trad., إِنَّمَا يَرْحَمُ اللّٰهُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الرُّحَمَآءَ, or الرُّحَمَآءُ, as related by different persons; [i. e. God has mercy on the merciful only of his servants, or verily those on whom God has mercy, of his servants, are the merciful;] الرحماء being in the accus. case as the objective complement of يرحم, and in the nom. case as the enunciative of ما in the sense of الَّذِى. (Msb.) رَحَمُوتٌ is from رَحْمَةٌ, [with which it is syn.,] (S, TA,) but it is used only coupled with its like in form: (K, TA:) one says, رَهَبُوتٌ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنْ رَحَمُوتٍ [Fear is better for thee than pity, or compassion], meaning thy being feared is better than thy being pitied, or compassionated: (S, K: but in the former, without لك:) or, accord. to Mbr, ↓ رَهَبُوتَى خَيْرٌ مِنْ رَحَمُوتَى. (Meyd. [See art. رهب.]) رَحَمُوتَى: see what next precedes.

رُحَامٌ: see 1, last sentence but two.

رَحُومٌ (Lh, S, K) and ↓ رَحْمَآءُ, (K,) applied to a she-camel, (Lh, S, TA,) and to a ewe or she-goat, and to a woman, (TA,) [and app. to any animal having a womb, (see رَحُمَتْ)] Having a complaint of her womb (Lh, S, M, K) after bringing forth, (Lh, S, K,) and dying in consequence thereof; (K;) and ↓ رَحِمَةٌ, applied to a she-camel, signifies the same: the pl. of رَحُومٌ is رُحُمٌ, with two dammehs. (TA.) b2: For the first, see also الرَّحْمٰنُ, near the end of the paragraph.

رَحِيمُ: see الرَّحْمٰنُ, in seven places. b2: Sometimes it is syn. with ↓ مَرْحُومٌ [i. e. Treated, or regarded, with mercy or pity or compassion; &c.: see 1, first sentence]: 'Amelles Ibn-'Akeel says, (using it in this sense, Ham p. 628,) فَأَمَّا إِذَا عَضَّتْ بِكَ الحَرْبُ عَضَّةً فَإِنَّكَ مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَيْكَ رَحِيمُ (S, and Ham,) i. e. [But at all events,] when war becomes [once] severe to thee, and thine enemy has almost overcome thee, [verily thou art regarded with favour,] treated with mercy, and defended, by us. (Ham.) رَاحِمٌ: see الرَّحْمٰنُ, in two places, in the latter half of the paragraph. b2: Also, applied to a ewe, and to a she-goat, Having the womb swollen. (Lh, K.) أَرْحَمُ [More, and most, merciful, &c.]. God is أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمينَ [The Most Merciful of those that have mercy]. (TA.) مَرْحَمَةٌ: see رَحْمَةٌ.

مُرَحَّمٌ [Treated, or regarded, with much mercy or pity or compassion; &c.]: it is with teshdeed to denote intensiveness of the signification. (S, TA.) b2: [See also 2, of which it is the pass. part. n.]

مَرْحُومٌ: see رَحِيمٌ. b2: المَرْحُومَةُ is a name of El-Medeeneh. (K.) b3: [And المَرْحُومُ, which may be rendered The object of God's mercy, is commonly used in the present day as an epithet applied to the person, whoever he be, that has died in what is believed to be the true faith; as though meaning merely the deceased.]

رحو and رحى1 رَحَتِ الحَيَّةُ, (S, K,) aor. ـْ (S) [and app. تَرْحَى also (see رَحْيَةٌ)]; and ↓ ترحّت; (S, K;) The serpent turned round about, (S, K, TA,) and twisted, or wound, or coiled, itself; ISd adds, كَالرَّحّى [i. e. like the mill, or millstone]; for which reason it is said to be إِحْدّى بَنَاتِ طِبَقٍ. (TA.) A2: رَحَوْتُ الرَّحَا or الرَّحَى, (S, K,) inf. n. رَحْوٌ; (TA;) and رَحَيْتُهَا, (S, K,) inf. n. رَحْىٌ; (TA;) I turned round the رحا or رحى [i. e. the mill, or mill-stone]: (S, K:) or I made it: (K:) in the K, the latter verb is said to be extr.; but not so in the T or S or M: in the M it is said to be the more common. (TA.) A3: And رَحَاهُ He magnified him, or honoured him. (IAar, TA.) 5 تَ1َ2َّ3َ see above, first sentence.

رَحًى (S, Msb, K, &c.) and رَحًا, (Msb, * K,) the former of which is the more approved, (TA,) and some say ↓ رَحَآءٌ, (S,) A mill; syn. طَاحُونٌ: (Msb:) [and] a mill-stone; i. e. the great round stone with which one grinds: (TA:) of the fem. gender: (Zj, S, Msb, K:) dual of the first رَحَيَانِ, (S, Msb, K,) and of the second رَحَوَانِ, (Msb, * K,) and of the third, رَحَاآنِ: (S:) the pl. (of pauc., S) of رَحًى (Msb) [and of رَحًا] is أَرْحٍ and (of mult., S) أَرْحَآءٌ, (S, Msb, K,) which latter is the pl. that is preferred accord. to IAmb, (Msb,) and رُحِىٌّ and رِحِىٌّ, (Msb, K, TA,) with damm and with kesr (Msb, TA) to the ر (Msb,) [for the last of which رَحِىٌّ is substituted in the CK,] and أُرْحِىٌّ, (K, TA,) with damm, and with kesr to the ح and teshdeed to the ى (TA,) [in the CK أَرْحِىٌّ,] and أَرْحِيَةٌ, (Msb, K,) which is extr., (K,) said by AHát to be wrong, and by IAmb to be anomalous, and by Zj to be not allowable, (Msb,) in the T said to be as though it were a pl. pl., (TA,) or it is pl. of رَحَآءٌ [and therefore regular]: (S:) the dim. is ↓ رُحَيَّةٌ. (Zj, Msb.) رَحَا اليَدِ [or رَحَى اليَدِ] signifies The hand-mill. (MA.) b2: [Hence, A molar tooth, or grinder:] i. q. ضِرْسٌ; (S, Msb, K;) pl. أَرْحَآءٌ i. q. أَضْرَاسٌ: (S:) [or rather] the أَرْحَآء, also called the طَوَاحِن, are the twelve teeth, three on each side [above and below], next after the ضَوَاحِك [or bicuspids]. (Zj, in his “ Khalk el-Insán. ”) b3: [And app. A roller with which land is rolled to crush the clods; as being likened to a mill-stone: see 1 in art. ختم, near the end of the paragraph.] b4: Stones: and a great rock, or mass of stone. (TA.) b5: A round piece of ground, rising above what surrounds it, (S, K,) about as large in extent as a mile: (K:) pl. أَرْحَآءٌ: (K, TA:) or this latter, i. e. the pl., signifies pieces of rugged ground, less than mountains, round, and rising above what surrounds them: (M, TA:) or رَحًا مِنَ الأَرْضِ means a round and rugged place [or piece of ground] among sands: (Sh, TA:) or a large and rugged [elevation such as is termed]

قَارَة or أَكَمَة, round, rising above what surrounds it, not spreading upon the surface of the earth, nor producing herbs, or leguminous plants, nor trees. (ISh, TA.) b6: A round cloud; [as being likened to a mill-stone;] (A in art. رجح:) or so رَحَى سَحَابٍ. (S.) b7: The كِرْكِرَة [or callous protuberance upon the breast] of a camel; (T, S, K;) so called because of its roundness: (TA:) pl. أَرْحَآءٌ: (K:) which likewise signifies the callous protuberances upon the knees of the camel. (T, TA.) b8: The foot (فِرْسِن) of the camel and of the elephant: pl. أَرْحَآءٌ. (M, K.) b9: A دَائِرَة [app. meaning a circling border] around the nail. (TA.) b10: The breast, or chest: pl., as in the other senses following, أَرْحَآءٌ. (K.) b11: Spinage, or spinach; (M, K;) because of the roundness of its leaves. (TA.) b12: (tropical:) A collective body of the members of a household. (ISd, K, TA.) b13: (tropical:) An independent tribe: (K, TA:) أَرْحَآءٌ (which is its pl., K, TA) signifies (tropical:) independent tribes, that are in no need of others. (S, TA.) b14: (assumed tropical:) A large number of camels, crowding, or pressing, together; (S, K, TA;) also called طَحَّانَةٌ: (S, TA:) or رَحَا الإِبِلِ means the collective herd of the camels: and in like manner, رَحَا القَوْمِ the collective body of the people, or party. (ISk, TA.) b15: رَحَى القَوْمِ signifies [also] (tropical:) The chief of the people, or party. (T, S, M, K, TA.) [It is added in the TA that 'Omar Ibn-El-Khattáb was called رَحَى الحَرْبِ, as though meaning (assumed tropical:) The chief of war; because of his warlike propensities: but it seems from what here follows, as well as from what precedes, that this may be a mistranscription, for رَحَى القَوْمِ or رَحَى العَرَبِ.] b16: رَحَى الحَرْبِ signifies (tropical:) The most vehement part [or the thickest] of the fight; syn. حَوْمَتُهَا: (S, Msb:) in the K it is said that الرَّحَى signifies حَوْمَةُ الحَرْبِ, and مُعْظَمُهُ; as also ↓ المَرْحَى: but it seems that there is an omission; for الحرب is [generally] fem., and in the M it is said that رَحَى المَوْتِ signifies مُعْظَمُهُ [app. meaning the main stress, or the thickest, of death in battle]. (TA.) In a saying relating to 'Alee's having made an end of الجَمَلِ ↓ مَرْحَي, this expression is expl. by A 'Obeyd as meaning The place around which revolved the thickest of the fight (المَوْضِعُ الَّذِي دَارَتْ عَلَيْهِ رَحَي الحَرْبِ) [in the Battle of the Camel]. (TA.) And دَارَتْ عَلَيْهِ رَحَي المَوْتِ [which may be rendered (assumed tropical:) The main stress of death beset him round about] meansdeath befell him. (Msb, TA.) رَحْيَةٌ [or حَيَّةٌ رَحْيَةٌ meaning A serpent folding, or coiling, itself, so as to resemble a neck-ring]: see رَحَّةٌ, in art. رح.

رَحَآءٌ: see رَحًي, first sentence.

رُحَيَّةٌ dim. of رَحًي, q. v. (Zj, Msb.) قَصْعَةٌ رَحَّآءُ A shallow, or a wide, [bowl such as is termed] قصعة. (TA. [It is there mentioned in art. رحو, but belongs to art. رح q. v.]) مَرْحًي A place of a mill or mill-stone. (MA.) b2: See also رَحًي (near the end of the paragraph), in two places. b3: [Accord. to Freytag, it occurs in the Deewán of the Hudhalees as meaning (assumed tropical:) A place where any one stands firmly.]

مُرَحٍ A maker of mills or mill-stones. (K, TA.) A2: And Moisture in the ground to the extent of a palm. (AHn, TA.)

روم

1 رَامَ, (T, S, M, Msb,) aor. ـُ (T, S, Msb,) inf. n. رَوْمٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and مَرَامٌ, (Msb, K, TA,) He sought, sought for or after, or desired, syn. طَلَبَ, (T, * M, Msb, K, *) a thing. (S, M, Msb.) b2: [And hence, He attempted another person in fight &c., and a thing.] b3: And [hence also] الرَّوْمُ, (K,) or رَوْمُ الحَرَكَةِ, mentioned by Sb, (S,) [as though signifying The desiring to pronounce the vowel-sound without fully accomplishing that desire,] means [the pronouncing] a vowel-sound (حَرَكَة) slurred (مُخْتَلَسَة) and rendered obscure, (S, K,) for, or by, [accord. to different copies of the S,] a sort of alleviation [of the utterance]; (S;) it is more [in effect] than what is termed الإِشْمَام, because it is heard; (S, K;) and it is of the same measure [in prosody] as the vowel-sound [fully pronounced]; as [in the case of what is termed] هَمْزَةٌ بَيْنَ بَيْنَ, such as in the saying of the poet, أَاَنْ زُمَّ أَجْمَالٌ وَفَارَقَ جِيرَةٌ وَ صَاحَ غُرَابُ البَيْنِ أَنْتَ حَزِينُ [Is it because that camels have had the nose-reins attached to them, and neighbours have separated, one from another, and the raven of disunion has uttered its cry, thou art mourning?]; أَاَنْ زُمْ being scanned as فَعُولُنْ; and it not being allowable to make the ع [in فعولن] quiescent: it is such also as in the phrase in the Kur [ii. 181]

شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ with him who makes [the dammeh] obscure; it being only with a slurred vowel-sound (حَرَكَة مُخْتَلَسَة); and it not being allowable for the former ر [i. e. the ر of شهر] to be quiescent, because the ه before it is quiescent, for this would lead to the combination of two quiescent letters in a case of continuity, [i. e. when there is no pause after them,] without there being before them a soft letter [i. e. ا or و or ى, as in دَوَابّ &c.], which is not found in any of the dialects of the Arabs: and it is such also as in the instances in the Kur [xv. 9 and x. 36 and xxxvi. 49] إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ and أَمَّنْ لَا يَهِدِّى and يَخِصِّمُونَ [ for يَهْتَدِى and يَخْتَصِمُونَ], and the like thereof: no regard should be paid to the saying of Fr, that in this [last] and the like instances a letter [which in this instance and in the next preceding it is ت] is incorporated into another [following it]; for they [i. e. the Arabs] do not realize this mode [of incorporation]; and he who combines two quiescent letters in an instance in which the slurring of the vowel-sound (اِخْتِلَاسُ الحَرَكَةِ) is not proper errs; as in the reading of Hamzeh, in the Kur [xviii. 96], فَمَا اسطَّاعُوا; for the س of الاِسْتِفْعَالُ may not be made movent in any manner [and therefore it may not be incorporated into the following letter]. (S, TA.) الرَّوْمُ is [also] in a case of pausing after a word ending with any letter except the fem. ة, [in like manner] meaning The indicating the vowel with an obscure sound: (I' Ak p. 351:) رَوْمُ الحَرَكَةِ in pausing after a word that is مَرْفُوع or مَجْرُور is from رَامَ الشَّىْءَ signifying طَلَبَهُ: Sb says that those of whom one says رَامُوا الحَرَكَةَ [They slurred the vowel-sound] are induced to do what this signifies [instead of suppressing the vowel-sound entirely] by eagerness to exclude it from the case of that which is necessarily made quiescent in every instance, and to show that its case is, in their opinion, not like the case of that which is made quiescent in every instance. (M.) [See also 4 in art. شور.]2 روّم فُلَانًا (Msb, K) followed by الشَّىْءَ, (Msb,) and (K) روّم بِفُلَانٍ, (IAar, S, K,) He made such a one to seek, seek for or after, or desire, the thing. (IAar, S, Msb, K.) b2: And روّم رَأْيَهُ He meditated, intended, purposed, desired, or endeavoured, to do one thing after another. (K.) A2: And روّم He tarried; paused; tarried and waited or expected; or was patient, and tarried and waited or expected. (K.) Quasi 4. أَرَمْتَ, for أَرْمَمْتَ: see the latter, near the end of the first paragraph of art. رم.5 تروّم بِهِ, or بِهَا, accord. to different copies of the K, (TA,) He mocked at, scoffed at, laughed at, derided, or ridiculed, him, or her. (K, TA.) رَامٌ A certain species of trees. (S, K. *) رَوْمٌ inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (T, S, M, &c.) A2: See also what next follows.

رُومٌ The lobe, or lobule, of the ear; (M, K;) as also ↓ رُومٌ. (K.) A2: الرُّومُ A certain nation, (M, K,) well known; (M;) [said by the Arabs to be] descendants of Er-Room, the son of Esau (عيصُو [so called by the Arabs]), (T, * S, K,) the son of Isaac the Prophet; (TA;) [i. e. the Greeks; generally meaning, of the Lower Empire; but sometimes, only those of Asia; and sometimes those of the Lower Empire together with all the nations of Europe beside: the ancient Greeks are more properly called by the Arabs اليُونَانُ:] one says ↓ رُومِىٌّ and رُومٌ; (S, K;) the former of these two appellations being applied to a single person, (M, K,) and the latter being the pl., (S, K,) [or rather a coll. gen. n.,] like زِنْجِىٌّ and زِنْجٌ; (AAF, S, M;) the former being distinguished from the latter only by the doubled ى, like as تَمْرَةٌ is distinguished from تَمْرٌ its pl. [or coll. gen. n.] only by the ة: (S:) and رُومِىٌّ has for [its proper] pl. ↓ أَرْوَامٌ. (TA.) [It is also applied to The country of the nation, or people, so called, both in Europe and Asia, and sometimes only in Asia. Hence, بَحْرُ الرُّومِ The Sea of the Greeks; meaning the Mediterranean Sea.]

رُومَةٌ Glue, with which the feathers of an arrow are stuck: (M, K:) said by A'Obeyd to be [thus] without ء; but mentioned by Th with ء. (M, TA. [See art. رأم.]) رُومِىٌّ The sail of an empty ship: (AA, T, K:) that of a full ship is called مُرْبِعٌ. (AA, T.) A2: See also رُومٌ.

رُوَامٌ i. q. لُغَامٌ [The foam of the mouth of a camel]: (K:) mentioned also in art. رُؤَامٌ [as written رُؤَامٌ, and signifying slaver]. (TA.) رُوَّامٌ [pl. of ↓ رَائِمٌ, which signifies Seeking, &c.; act. part. n. of 1:] i. q. طُلَّابٌ [pl. of طَالِبٌ]. (TA.) رَائِمٌ: see what next precedes.

أَرْوَامٌ pl. of رُومِىٌّ. (TA.) See رُومٌ.

مَرَامٌ i. q. مَطْلَبْ (S, M, K) [accord. to the PS A place of seeking or searching: but it should be observed that مَطْلَبٌ is an inf. n., and also a n. of place and of time: also that مَرَامٌ is expressly said in the Msb and TA to be an inf. n. of رَامَ, though not in the S nor in the M: and that it is mentioned in the K in the beginning of this art. as syn. with رَوْمٌ in the sense of طَلَبٌ, and at the end of the art. as signifying the same as مَطْلَبٌ]. One says, هُوَ ثَبْتُ المَقَامِ بَعِيدُ المَرَامِ [which may mean He is firm, or steady, in respect of the place of standing; far-aiming in respect of the place of seeking: or, agreeably with an explanation voce ثَبْتٌ, he is one who does not quit his station, or abode, without necessity, though far-aiming &c.: but it is obvious that both المقام and المرام may here be inf. ns.]. (TA.) مَرُومٌ Sought, sought for or after, or desired. (Msb.)

ركن

1 رَكَنَ إِلَيْهِ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K;) of the dial. of the lower (سُفْلَى) [app. in territory] of Mudar, and said by Az to be not chaste [thought it, or the third, seems to be the most common of the dial. vars. here mentioned]; (Msb;) and رَكِنَ aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K;) mentioned by Az; (S;) and رَكَنَ, aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K;) which is a combination of two dial. vars., [namely, the first and second of those above mentioned,] (S, Msb,) because neither the medial nor the final radical letter is faucial; (Msb;) said to be the only instance of its kind except أَبَى aor. ـَ (T in art. ابى;) and رَكِنَ, aor. ـُ which is likewise an instance of the commixture of two dial. vars., like فَضِلَ and حَضِرَ and نَعِمَ, aor. ـْ and يَحْضُرُ and يَنْعُمُ; (TA;) inf. n. رُكُونٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and رَكَانَةٌ and رَكَانِيَةٌ; (TA;) He inclined to him, or it; syn. مَالَ: and he trusted to, or relied upon, him, or it, so as to be, or become, easy, or quiet, in mind; syn. سَكَنَ: (S, Mgh, K:) or he leaned, rested, or relied, upon him; syn. اِعْتَمَدَ عَلَيْهِ: (Msb:) or he inclined to him in the least degree; (Bd in xi. 115;) رُكُونٌ signifying slight inclining. (Ksh and Bd ibid.) It is said in the Kur [xi. 115], وَلَا تَرْكَنُوا

إِلَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا [And incline ye not, &c., to those who have acted wrongfully]: (S, Msb:) or, incline ye not in the least degree [&c.]: (Bd:) thus generally read; and also تِرْكَنُوا, (Ksh, Bd, TA,) accord. to the dial. of Temeem; and ↓ تُرْكَنُوا, in the pass. form, from أَرْكَنَهُ. (Ksh, Bd.) b2: رَكِنَ فِى المَنْزِلِ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَكْنٌ, He kept tenaciously to the place of alighting, or abode, (ضَنَّ بِهِ,) and did not relinquish it. (TA.) A2: رَكُنَ, inf. n. رَكَانَةٌ (S, K) and رُكُونَةٌ (K) and رَكَانِيَةٌ, (TK,) [primarily, it seems, said of a mountain, meaning It was inaccessible, or difficult of access, having high, or strong أَرْكَان i. e. sides or angles: see Har p. 561; and see رَكِينٌ, below; and 5. b2: And hence,] (tropical:) He (a man) was, or became, firm, (Har p. 561,) still, or motionless, (TA,) grave, staid, steady, sedate; or calm. (S, K, TA.) 2 ركّن is said by Golius, as on the authority of the KL, to signify He made like, “similem fecit: ” and hence Freytag also thus explains it: but it is زكّن that has this signification. In my copy of the KL, تَزْكِينٌ (not تَرْكِينٌ) is expl. by مانند كردن.]4 اركنهُ He made him to incline [إِلَى غَيْرِهِ to another]; syn. أَمَالَهُ: [and to trust to, or rely upon, another, so as to be, or become, easy, or quiet, in mind: or to lean, rest, or rely, upon another: see 1:] whence a reading in the Kur xi. 115. (Ksh, Bd. *) See 1.5 تركّن said of a man, (TA,) [or primarily and properly, of a thing, like رَكُنَ,] He, [or it] was, or became, firm, or strong, (K, TA,) and inaccessible, or difficult of access. (TA.) b2: and [hence,] (assumed tropical:) He endeavoured, or constrained himself, to be grave, staid, steady, sedate, or calm; syn. تَوَقَّرَ, (K,) and تَرَزَّنَ. (TA.) رَكْنٌ The جُرَذ [or large field-rat]: and the فَأْر [or common rat or mouse]; as also ↓ رُكَيْنٌ. (K.) رُكْنٌ The جَانِب [meaning side, or outward part,] of a thing: (Msb:) or the strongest جَانِب [i. e. side, or outward part,] (S, K, TA) of a thing (S, TA) of any kind: (TA:) the corner, or angle, (زَاوِيَة,) of a house or room or the like: (K in art. زوى:) [and this is perhaps what is meant by the “ strongest جانب; ” for the strongest outward part of the house is unquestionably the corner, or angle: thus the angle in which is the Black Stone, of the Kaabeh, is specially called رُكْنُ البَيْتِ, i. e. رُكْنُ بَيْتِ اللّٰهِ:] the رُكْن of a قَصْر [or palace, or pavilion, &c.,] is its جَانِب [or its strongest جانب], and so of a mountain: (TA: [see رَكُنَ, and رَكِينٌ:]) the pl. is أَرْكَانٌ and أَرْكُنٌ [each properly a pl. of pauc., but the former is used as a pl. of mult.]: (Msb, TA:) the أَرْكَان of anything are is جَوَانِب [or sides, or outward parts, or its corners, or angles,] upon which it rests, and by which it is supported: (TA:) and the أَرْكَان of a land are its extremities [or sides or corners]. (Ham p. 478.) b2: [Hence, (assumed tropical:) A stay, or support, of any kind: see an ex. voce مِرْجَمٌ: whence, perhaps,] one says, تَمَسَّحْتُ بِأَرْكَانِهِ, meaning تَبَرَّكْتُ بِهِ (tropical:) [i. e. I looked for a blessing by means of him, or it]. (TA.) (assumed tropical:) A thing whereby one is strengthened (مَا يُقَوَّى بِهِ [in the CK ما تَقَوَّىبه]), such as dominion (مُلْك [in the CK مَلِك]), and an army, or a military force, &c.: (K:) and thus it has been explained as occurring in the Kur [li. 39], where it is said, فَتَوَلَّى بِرُكْنِهِ, (TA,) i. e. (assumed tropical:) And he turned away from belief with his forces; because they were to him like the رُكْن [properly so termed]. (Jel.) (assumed tropical:) A man's kinsfolk; or nearer, or nearest, relations; or clan; or tribe; syn. عَشِيرَةٌ: (AHeyth, TA:) (assumed tropical:) a man's people, or party; and the higher among them; and the persons by whom he is aided and strengthened: thought by ISd to be thus called by way of comparison [to a رُكْن properly so termed]: and thus it has been explained as used in the Kur [xi. 82], where it is said, أَوْ آوِىَ رُكْنٍ شَدِيدٍ (assumed tropical:) [Or that I might have recourse to a strong people, or party, &c.]: (TA:) or it here means عَشِيرَة [explained above]. (Jel.) And (assumed tropical:) A noble, or high, person; as in the saying, هُوَ رُكْنٌ مِنْ

أَرْكَانِ قَوْمِهِ (assumed tropical:) [He is a noble, of the nobles of his people]. (TA.) And أَرْكَانُ الإِنْسَانِ means (assumed tropical:) The members, or limbs, of the man, with which things are gained or earned, or with which he works; as the hands or arms, and the feet or legs. (TA.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) Might, and resistance: (S, K:) so in the saying, هُوَ يَأْوِى إِلَى رُكْنٍ شَدِيدٍ (assumed tropical:) [He has recourse to strong, or vehement, might and resistance]: (S:) and so it has been explained as used in the words of the Kur last cited above. (TA.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) A thing, an affair, a case, an event, or an action, of great magnitude or moment, momentous, formidable, or terrible. (AHeyth, K.) Thus AHeyth explains it as used in the saying of En-Nábighah [Edh-Dhubyánee], لَا تَقْذِفَنِّى بِرُكْنٍ لَا كِفَآءَ لَهُ [By no means reproach thou me with a momentous, or a formidable, thing or action, or an enormity, that has not its equal; though (he proceeds to say) the enemies incite thee, with companies of men aiding one another]. (TA.) b5: In the conventional language [of the schools], رُكْنُ الشَّىْءِ means (assumed tropical:) [The essence of the thing; or] that whereby the thing subsists: from التَّقَوُّمُ; because the قِوَام [or subsistence] of the thing is by its رُكْن: not from القِيَام: else it would necessarily be the case that the agent would be a رُكْن to the action; and the substance, to the accident; and the thing to which a quality is attributed, to the quality: (KT:) it is (assumed tropical:) that without which the thing has no subsistence: (Kull:) and is [also] applied to (assumed tropical:) [an essential, or essential part, of the thing; i. e.,] a part of the مَاهِيَّة [or essence] of the thing, (Kull, [and in like manner أَرْكَانُ الشَّىْءِ is explained in the Msb as meaning the parts of the ماهيّة of the thing,]) as when we say that القِيَام is a رُكْن of الصَّلَاْة; as well as to (assumed tropical:) the whole مَاهيّة [of the thing]: (Kull:) [thus] أَرْكَانُ العِبَادَاتِ means (assumed tropical:) the fundamentals [or essentials] of the services of religion, by the neglect, or non-observance, of which they are ineffectual, or null, or void: (TA:) or, as some say, رُكْنُ الشَّىْءِ means that whereby the thing is complete; and this is intrinsic therein; differing from the شَرْط [or condition] thereof, which is extrinsic thereto. (KT.) رَكِينٌ A mountain having high أَرْكَان [i. e. sides, or angles]: (S, K:) or having strong اركان: (TA:) or inaccessible, or difficult of access, having اركان. (Har p. 561.) b2: And hence, (Har ibid.,) (tropical:) A man (S, K, &c.) firm, (Har,) still, or motionless, (TA,) grave, staid, steady, sedate, or calm. (S, K, Har, TA.) رُكَيْنٌ: see رَكْنٌ.

أَرْكُونٌ A great دِهْقَان, (K, TA,) i. e. headman, or chief, of a village or town: [app. from the Greek ἄρχω ν; though it is said that] he is thus called because the people of the village or town trust to him and incline to him. (TA.) مِرْكَنٌ A kind of vessel, well known, (K, TA,) like a تَوْر [q. v.], of leather, used for water: (TA:) or i. q. إِجَّانَةٌ [q.v.], (S, Mgh, Msb, TA,) in which clothes and the like are washed; (TA;) called in Pers\. تَغَارْ: (Mgh:) pl. مَرَاكِنُ and مَرَاكِينُ. (TA.) One says, زَرَعُوا الرَّيَا حِينَ فِى

المَرَاكِينِ [They sowed the sweet-smelling plants in the مراكين]. (TA.) مُرَكَّنٌ A thing having أَرْكَان [here meaning corners, or angles]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] ضَرْعٌ مُرَكَّنٌ A great udder; as though having اركان: (S, TA:) and an udder that has opened [or expanded] in its place so as to fill the أَرْفَاغ [or groins], and is not very long. (TA.) Tarafeh says, وَضَرَّتُهَا مُرَكَّنَةٌ دَرُورُ [And her udder is great, having much milk: or,] accord. to AA, مركّنة [here] signifies مجمّعة [app. meaning collecting much]. (TA.) and you say also نَاقَةٌ مُرَكَّنَةُ الضَّرْعِ (S, TA) [A she-camel great in the udder; or] whose udder has أَرْكَان by reason of its greatness. (TA.)