فل

1 فَلَّهُ, (M, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. فَلٌّ, (M, TA,) He broke it, or notched it, in its edge, (M, K,) namely, [a sword or the like, or] anything; (M;) and so ↓ فللّٰهُ, (K, TA,) [or this signifies he did so much, or in many places,] inf. n. تَفْلِيلٌ. (TA.) b2: And i. q. كَسَرَهُ [app. as meaning He broke it, in an unrestricted sense; as well as in another sense; as will be shown by what follows]. (S.) وَلَا فَلُّوا لَهُ صَقاةً, i. e. [lit.] Nor did they break a stone (كَسَرُوا حَجَرَا) belonging to him, was said by 'Áïsheh in describing her father: she alluded thereby to his strength in religion. (TA. [See also قَرَعَ صَفَاتَهُ, in art. صفو; and see also مَغْمَزٌ.]) And [in like manner] one says, غَرْبَهُ ↓ استفلّ meaning كَسَرَهُ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) He broke his sharpness, or vehemence, or valour]. (TA.) And فَلَّ الجَيْشَ, (S, O, Msb,) or القَوْمَ, (M, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (M, O, Msb,) He defeated (هَزَمَ, S, M, O, K, or كَسَرَ, Msb) the army, or military force, (S, O, Msb,) or the people, or party. (M, K.) And مَنْ قَلَّ ذَلَّ وَمَنْ أَمِرَفَلَّ, (S, Meyd, O,) a prov., (Meyd, O,) meaning He who has few aiders is overcome, [or becomes abased], and he who has many relations [or who possesses authority to command] defeats (فَلَّ) his enemies. (Meyd. [In Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 683, a different (and I think a wrong) reading is given, with قَلَّ in the place of فَلَّ; though the reading with فَلَّ is added.]) شَجَّكِ أَوْ فَلَّكِ أَوْ جَمَعَ كُلًّا لَكِ, in the story of Umm-Zara, is said to mean, Whether he wound thee by smiting thy head, or break a limb [of thee], or combine the two deeds to thee: or by فلّك is meant altercate, or wrangle, with thee: (TA, in two places:) or the meaning [of فلّك] is defeat thee [so I render كَسَرَكِ]; or take away thy property; or defeat thee (كَسَرَكِ) with his altercation and his censure. (O.) A2: فَلَّ عَنْهُ عَقْلُهُ, aor. ـَ [in the CK (erroneously) فَلُّ,] His intellect, or intelligence, departed from him, and then returned. (M, K.) 2 فَلَّّ see above, first sentence. b2: تَفْلِيلٌ [as inf. n. of the pass. v. فُلِّلَ] means The state of being broken, or notched, [much, or in many places,] in the edge of a knife, or in the edges of the teeth, (T, TA,) and the like, (T,) [i. e.] and also in [the edge of] a sword. (TA.) 4 افلّت الأَرْضُ The land became such as is termed فِلّ [q. v.]. (AHn, M.) b2: And أَفَلّ, (Fr, T,) and أَفْلَلْنَا, (S, O,) He (a man, Fr, T,) and we, (S, O,) became in a land such as is termed فِلّ, (Fr, T, S, O,) upon which rain had not fallen: (Fr, T:) or the latter means we trod a land (M, K) such as is termed فِلّ (M) or such as is termed فَلّ. (K.) b3: And افلّ (assumed tropical:) He (a man, S, M, O) lost, or became deprived of, his property: (S, M, O, K:) from فِلٌّ applied to land. (M.) b4: And in like manner, one says, افلّ الدّهْرُ مَالَهُ (assumed tropical:) [Time, or fortune, deprived him of his property]. (O.) 5 تَفَلَّّ see the next paragraph, in three places: A2: and see also R. Q. 1, in two places [in each of which the verb is most probably, I think, mistranscribed].7 انفلّ It became broken, or notched, in its edge; as also ↓ افتلّ, and ↓ تفلّل; (M, K, TA;) said of [a sword or the like, or of] anything; (M;) the first quasi-pass. of فَلَّهُ, as is also the second; but the third is quasi-pass of فلَّلَهُ [and implying that it was so much, or in many places, or said of several things or of several parts of a thing]; (TA;) [therefore] one says [of a sword], مَضَارِبُهُ ↓ تَفَلَّلَتْ, meaning تَكَسَّرَتْ [i. e. Its edges (for the swords of the Arabs in the older times were generally two-edged), or its parts for striking, became broken, or notched, much, or in many places]; (S, TA;) and one says, انفلّ سِنُّهُ, (T, TA,) meaning [simply] His tooth became broken, or notched, in its edge. (TA.) And انفلّوا They became defeated; (S, * M, Msb, K;) as also ↓ تفلّلوا [but this has an intensive signification]. (M, K.) 8 إِفْتَلَ3َ see the next preceding paragraph.10 إِسْتَفْلَ3َ see 1, former half. b2: استفلّ الشَّىْءَ He took of the thing the least portion, (M, K,) because of its difficulty (لِعُسْرِهِ), (M,) or such as the tenth part thereof (كَعُشْرِهِ): (K:) or الاِستِفْلَالُ signifies the obtaining a little thing from a difficult place; from a place of the seeking of a right, or due, or of a gift; it having no other object than a thing of little account. (T.) R. Q. 1 فَلْفَلَ He walked with an elegant and a proud and self-conceited gait, with an affected inclining of the body from side to side; (T, O, TA;) as also ↓ تَفَلْفَلَ: (TA:) or both signify he walked thus, with short steps: (K:) or ↓ تفلفل signifies [simply] he went with short steps; (En-Nadr, O;) or so ↓ تفلّل. (T accord. to the TT.) A2: And He rubbed and cleaned his teeth with the [stick called] سِوَاك; (T, O, K;) as also ↓ تفلفل; (IAar, O, K;) or so ↓ تفلّل. (T accord. to the TT.) A3: فلفل الطَّعَامَ and الشَّرَابَ He peppered the food and the wine or beverage. (M.) A4: [And فلفل الشَّعَرَ He made the hair very crisp, or such as we term woolly, like that of the negro: see the pass. part. n., below.] R. Q. 2 تَفَلْفَلَ: see R. Q. 1, in three places.

A2: Said of the hair of a negro, It became very crisp [or such as we term woolly]. (M, TA.) b2: And تفلفل قَادِمَتَا الضَّرْعِ The two anterior teats of the udder became black. (S, O, K.) يَا فُلُ, (S in this art. and in art. فلن, and K and TA in the latter art.,) meaning يَا فُلَانُ [O such a one], (S &c.,) with refa and without tenween, (TA,) is sometimes said to one person, [i. e. to a man,] and يَا فُلَانِ to two persons, and يَا فُلُونَ to a pl. number; and يَا فُلَةُ to a female, and يَا فُلَتَانِ to two females, and يَا فُلَاتُ to a pl. number of females, (K, TA,) and sometimes يَا فُلَاةُ, (K, * TA,) thus correctly, of the dial. of some of the tribe of Temeem, in the copies of the K erroneously written يا فُلَاتُ, (TA,) is said, and some say يَا فُلَ, [in the CK يافلُ, but correctly يافُلَ, i. e., as is said in the TA, بِنَصْبِ اللَّامِ,] meaning يَا فُلَةُ: (K, TA:) [J says,] يَا فُلُ, without teshdeed, said in calling to a person, is apocopated from يَا فُلَانُ; not formed in the way of تَرْــخِيم, for if it were an instance of ترخيم they would say يَا فُلَا: (S in this art.:) [or,] accord. to Sb, يَا فُلُ is not held to be an instance of a word from which is elided something that is retained when it is not [thus] used in calling to a person, but the noun in this case is made to be of two letters in the manner of دَمٌ [which is originally دَمَوٌ or دَمًى or دَمْىٌ], and it is thus made to be of two letters because a word that is used in calling to a person or thing is a subject for elision: (M in this art.:) and sometimes فُل was used otherwise than in calling to a person, by poetic license, as in the saying of Abu-n-Nejm, فِى لَجَّةٍ أَمْسِكْ فُلَانًا عَنْ فُلِ (S and M in this art.,) meaning عن فُلَانٍ [i. e. In, or amid, a multitude of cries, or noises: (thus expl. in the S:) withhold thou such a one from such a one]: (S in art. فلن:) and Sb disallowed the saying فُلُ as meaning فُلَان [in the CK (erroneously) يا فُلُ as meaning يا فُلَانُ] except [in the vocative form of speech and] in poetry: (M and K and TA in art. فلن:) [but] they said [also] فُلُ بْنُ فُلِ, [said to be] an instance of an elision, (T and M in art. فلن,) i. e. of the elision of a final و [accord. to some, who hold فُلَانٌ to be originally فُلْوَانٌ]; (T;) like as they said هَىُّ بْنُ بَىٍّ: (T, M:) and أَىْ فُلْ, with the ل quiescent, occurs in a trad. respecting the resurrection; meaning يَا فُلَانُ: (TA:) Ibn-Buzurj says that some of the tribe of اسد [i. e. Asd or Asad] say يا فل [app. يَافُلُ, without any variation,] in calling to a man and to two men and to a pl. number of men and to a female: (TA in art. فلن:) accord. to As, one says يَا فُلُ and يَا فُلَاهْ; he who says يَا فُلُ saying thus [when he pauses after it and] when he goes on, making the noun marfooa without tenween; whereas he who says يَافُلَاهْ says thus when he is silent after it, retaining the ه [which is termed the ه of pausation]. but when he goes on he rejects the ه and makes the noun to be mansoob, saying [for ex.] يَا فُلَا قُلْ [O such a one, say]. (T and TA in art. فلن.) [See also مُضَمَّنٌ (in art. ضمن), last sentence.]

فَلٌّ A break, or notch, in the edge, (ISk, T, S, M, O, Msb, K,) of a sword, (ISk, T, S, O, Msb, K,) [or the like,] or of anything; (M;) and so ↓ فَلَّةٌ [i. e. a single break, or notch, in the edge,] of a sword: (TA:) pl. of the former فُلُولٌ, (ISk, T, S, M, O, Msb, K,) of which an ex. occurs in a verse cited voce بَيْدَ: (O, TA:) it has been said that فُلُولٌ is an inf. n.; but it is more correctly said to be pl. of فَلٌّ. (M.) b2: And A portion that has fallen off from a thing, like the filings of gold and of silver, and the sparks of fire: (M, K, TA:) pl. فُلُولٌ. (M, TA.) A2: and A company (M, K, TA) of men; (TA;) as also ↓ فَلِيلٌ: (M, K, TA:) pl. of the former فُلُولٌ. (TA.) A3: And it is [an epithet] applied to a number of men, (S, M, O, K, [in the CK in this case, erroneously, فُلٌّ,]) and to a single man, (S, O,) signifying Defeated; (S, M, O, K;) and ↓ فُلَّى also signifies thus, applied to a كَتِيبَة [i. e. a military force, or troop, &c.]; (AA, T, O, K;) like فُرَّى: (AA, T, O:) one says رَجُلٌ فَلٌّ and قَوْمٌ فَلٌّ, and sometimes [when speaking of a number of men] they said فُلُولٌ and فِلَالٌ; (S, O;) accord. to the copies of the K, the pl. is فُلُولٌ and أَفْلَالٌ; but correctly the latter is فُلَّالٌ, like رُمَّانٌ, as in the M; (TA;) [i. e.] the pl. is فُلُولٌ and فُلَّالٌ: and [of فَلٌّ used in a pl. sense it is said that] it must be either a quasi-pl. n. or [originally] an inf. n.: if the former, the sing. should by rule be فَالٌّ, the case being like شَارِبٌ and شَرْبٌ, [of which the former is a sing, and the latter is a quasi-pl. n.,] and فَالٌّ is of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: and فلول is not necessarily pl. of فَلٌّ, but is rather pl. of فَالٌّ; for the pl. of the quasi-pl. n. is extr., like the pl. of the pl.: (M, TA: *) and as to فَلَّالٌ, it is necessarily pl. of فَالٌّ, for فَعْلٌ is not of the forms that have فُعَّالٌ as the measure of a pl.: (M, TA:) if it [i. e. فَلٌّ] be [originally] an inf. n., [this accounts for its being applied alike to a number of men and to a single man, which is not mentioned in the M, or] it is like نَسْجٌ in the sense of مَنْسُوجٌ in the phrase نَسْجُ اليَمَنِ. (M.) A4: Also Land affected with drought or barrenness; as also ↓ فِلٌّ: or [i. e. the former accord. to the K, but app. each accord. to the text of the M as given in the TT,] such as is rained upon but does not produce plants or herbage: (AO, M, K:) or such as the rain has failed to fall upon during several years: or such as is not rained upon between two lands that have been rained upon: (M, K:) or, accord. to AO, this is termed خَطِيطَةٌ; فلّ having the second of the meanings expl. in this sentence: (M:) or upon which rain has not fallen: (TA:) [in this sense, in the TT, as from the T, written فِل [for ↓ فِلّ]: and so in the same, as from the T and M, in the sense here following:] or in which is nothing; (T, M, * K; *) so says IAar; whence, he adds, الفَلَاةُ; but [Az says] I do not think that it is taken thence: (T:) the pl. is like the sing., [or rather the word used as a sing. is likewise used as a pl.,] and أَفْلَالٌ, (M, K,) this pl. form being sometimes used: (M:) or the pl. of ↓ الفِلُّ is أَفْلَالٌ; and one says also أَرْضٌ أَفْلَالٌ. (T.) A5: And A sort of cloth made of the hard fibres of flax. (TA.) فَلٌّ a term for يَاسَمِين مُضَاعَذ [Double jasmine], which is [rendered so] either بِالتَّرْكِيب [an expression meaning, as used in the present day, by grafting], or by slitting the stem thereof and inserting into it the [additional] jasmine [app. meaning by budding]: it is a flower of pure whiteness; and the rubbing oneself with its leaves perfumes the body: (TA:) [this name, or, more commonly, ↓ فِلّ, is now applied to the Arabian jasmine (jasminum sambac), or, as Forskål says (Flora Aegypt. Arab. p. cii.), nyctanthes sambac, mentioned by him among the plants cultivated in El-Yemen.] b2: [Freytag, misled by the CK, has assigned to this word a meaning belonging to فَلٌّ.]

فِلٌّ Land in which is no herbage; (K;) or land not rained upon, and in which is no herbage. (S, O.) See also فَلٌّ, in three places. b2: غَدَا فِلًّا مِنَ الطَّعَامِ, with kesr, means [He went forth early in the morning] devoid of food. (O.) b3: And فِلٌّ مِنَ الخَيْرِ occurs in a verse, (S, O,) in the poetry of 'Abd-Allah Ibn-Rawáhah and in that of Hassán, (S, O,) meaning Devoid of good. (S, TA.) [See عَلٌّ.]

A2: And Such as has become thin, of hair. (K.) A3: See also فُلٌّ.

فَلَّةٌ: see فَلٌّ, first sentence.

فَلَلٌ, in a sword [or the like], The state of having breaks, or notches, in the edge. (S, O.) فَلِيلٌ: see أَفَلُّ. b2: Applied to the tusk, or canine tooth, of a camel, Broken (S, M, O, K) in the edge. (S, O.) A2: See also فَلٌّ, first quarter.

A3: Also, and ↓ فَلِيلَةٌ, a quantity of hair collected together: (S, M, O, K:) the two words are either of the class of سَلٌّ and سَلَّةٌ [which are exactly syn., each with the other,] or are an instance of the pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] that does not differ from its sing. [or n. un.] except in [its not having] the [affix] ة: (M:) in one instance, occurring in a trad., the latter is said to signify a كُبَّة [or portion convolved, or glomerated, or formed into a ball] of hair, or, as Z says, app. of [the silk called] دِمَقْس: the pl. [of either] is فَلَائِلُ. (TA.) Hence, (O,) ↓ فَلِيلَةٌ signifies also The mane of the lion. (O, TA.) In the saying of Sá'ideh Ibn-Ju-eiyeh, وَغُودِرَ ثَاوِيًا وَتَأَوَّبَتْهُ مُذَرَّعَةٌ أُمَيْمَ لَهَا فَلِيلُ [And he was left remaining, and a hyena having stripes upon its arms, (thus مُذَرَّعَةٌ as used in this verse is expl. in the TA in art. ذدع, q. v.,) a young mother, (أُمَيْمَ being an instance of تَرْــخِيم, used by poetic license, for أُمَيْمَةُ, a dim. of أُمٌّ,) and therefore unusually fierce, having a mane, or having convolved, or glomerated, hair, came to him at night, or in the beginning of the night], the last word is expl. by Suh, in the R, as meaning the عَرْف [so in my original, an obvious mistranscription for عُرْف, with damm]; but by Skr as meaning شَعَر مَكْبُوب. (TA.) b2: And فَلِيلٌ signifies also [The membranous fibres that grow at the base of the branches of the palm-tree, called]

لِيف: (M, K:) so in the dial. of Hudheyl: (TA:) and ↓ فُلِفُلٌ signifies the same. (K.) فَلِيلَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

فُلَّى: see فَلُّفِلّيَّةٌ, in the former half.

فِلِّيَّةٌ, (T, * K, TA,) like عِلِّيَّةٌ, (TA,) or فَلِّيَّةٌ, (O, *) [in the TT, as from the T, and in the O. written without the sign of teshdeed to the ل (app. because it is sufficiently indicated by the heading of the art. and by the pl. of this word), and in the CK, erroneously, فِلْيَة,] Land upon which the rain [that should have been that] of its year has not fallen until the falling of the rain of the next year upon it: pl. فَلَالِىُّ: (ISh, T, O, K:) [and Az says,] I have heard them call thus (i. e. by the sing.) land in which is nothing; like فِلٌّ as expl. by IAar. (T.) فُلْفُلٌ, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) also pronounced ↓ فِلْفِلٌ, (K,) but the vulgar pronounce it [thus] with kesr, (O,) and the pronouncing it with kesr is said to be not allowable, (Msb,) a word of Pers\. origin, (M,) arabicized, from پِلْپِل, with kesr, (O,) [or پُلْپُل; i. e. Pepper;] a sort of berry, (حَبٌّ, S, O, K,) brought from India, (O, K, *) well known, (S, M, O,) not growing in the land of the Arabs, but often mentioned in their language: AHn was informed by one who had seen it that its tree is just like the pomegranate; (M, TA;) but Dáwood the hakeem adds that it is taller; (TA;) between the pair of leaves thereof are two fruit-stalks, regularly disposed, each fruitstalk of the length of the finger; and it is green, and is then plucked, and spread in the shade, and becomes black and shrivelled; and it [the tree] has thorns, like those of the pomegranate: when it [i. e. the fruit] is fresh and moist, it is preserved with water and salt until it becomes mature, when it is eaten like as preserved herbs are eaten upon the tables of food, and it is a digestive: the n. un. is ↓ فُلْفُلَةٌ [app. meaning a peppercorn, like حَبَّةُ فُلْفُلٍ: and حَبُّ فُلْفُلٍ means peppercorns, collectively]: (M, TA:) Dáwood says, in the “ Tedhkireh,” that its leaves are thin, red next the tree and green in the other direction, and its wood is lank and soft: and it is white and black: (TA:) the white is the better. (TA.) [A long description of its properties, with additions in the TA, some of them well known and others fanciful, I omit as being needless.] b2: دَارُفُلْفُل, or ↓ دَارُفِلْفِل, (accord. to different copies of the K,) [app. دَارُفُلْفُلٌ, or perhaps دَارَفُلْفُلٌ, a compound of two words (both originally Pers\.) made one, as such written in the K with the article (الدّارفلفل), and perfectly declinable, because (although a compound of two nouns) it is not a proper name,] is The tree of the فُلْفُل when it first bears fruit, accord. to the K; but several writers declare that the tree of [the] دار فلفل is not the same as the tree of the فلفل: (MF, TA:) [دار فلفل is one of the names now applied to long pepper, and is commonly pronounced دَارْفِلْفِلْ:] it is [generally] known in Egypt by the name of عِرْقُ الذَّهَبِ, [another term, now used, for long pepper,] and is called in Pers\. پلپل دراز [i. e. پُلْپِلدَرَاز, the latter of which words signifies “ long ”]: (TA:) it increases the venereal faculty, causes the food to digest; removes colic, (K, TA,) and flatulence; (TA;) and is beneficial as a remedy against the bite, or sting, of venomous reptiles, applied as a liniment, with oil. (K, TA.) b3: فُلْفُلٌ is also a name sometimes applied to The fruit of the بَرْوَق [q. v., in art. برق]; likening it to the فُلْفُلٌ mentioned before [i. e. to peppercorns]: he who pronounces it, when thus applied, ↓ فِلْفِلٌ errs; for this signifies the fruit of certain trees of the [kind called] عِضَاه; and the people of El-Yemen call thus [particularly] the fruit of the [species of عِضَاه.

termed] غَاف [q. v.]. (M.) b4: فُلْفُلُ المَآءِ is the name of A certain plant growing in the neighbourhood of water, lank, soft, or smooth, in the leaves, having berries (حَبِّ) in bunches. (TA.) b5: فُلْفُلُ القُرُودِ is The same as حبّ الليم [but what this is I do not find]. (TA.) b6: فُلْفُلُ الصَّقَالِبَةِ is What is called [in Pers\.] فنجنكشت [i. e.

فَنْجَنْكُشْت: see الفَقْدُ]. (TA.) b7: [فَلَافِلُ is pl. of فُلْفُلٌ.] And فَلَافِلُ السُّودَانِ is the name of Certain berries (حَبّ), round and smooth, in sheaths, or cases, (غُلُف,) and in receptacles (أَبْيَات) like the صَنَوْبَر [or cone of the pine, app. in form]. (TA.) A2: See also فَلِيلٌ, last sentence.

A3: فُلْفُلٌ signifies also A sharp, or clever, servant; (T, O, K;) and ↓ فِلْفِلٌ is said to signify thus likewise by Mullà 'Alee, in his “ Námoos,” and even more commonly: but this requires consideration. (MF, TA.) فِلْفِلٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, first sentence: and the same again, in three places.

فُلْفُلَةٌ n. un. of فُلْفُلٌ; q. v., former half.

أَفْلُّ, applied to a sword [or the like], (T, S, O, K,) Having breaks, or notches, in its edge; (T, S, * O; *) or broken, or notched, in its edge; as also ↓ مَفْلُولٌ and ↓ مُنْفَلٌّ. (M, K.) الأَفَلُّ was the name of a sword of 'Adee Ibn-Hátim (O, K) Et-Tá-ee. (O.) مُفَلَّلٌ, applied to a نَضِىّ [app. as meaning an arrow-head] Broken by having hit stones. (S.) And, applied to front teeth (ثَغْرٌ) Serrated. (T.) مَفْلَولٌ: see أَفَلُّ.

مُنْفَلٌّ: see أَفَلُّ.

مُفَلْفَلٌ, applied to food, (TA,) and to wine, (T, TA,) [Peppered, i. e.] having فُلْفُل put into it, (T, M, * TA,) and consequently burning the tongue: (T, TA:) or wine that burns [the tongue] like فُلْفُل. (S, O, K, TA.) b2: And A garment, or piece of cloth, figured with round forms resembling فُلْفُل [or peppercorns] in roundness and smallness; (T, O, TA;) i. e. (TA) figured with the like of the صَعَارِير [pl. of صُعْرُورَةٌ] of فُلْفُل. (M, K, TA.) b3: And Very crisp hair, [such as we term woolly,] (T, O, K, TA,) like that of the negro. (TA.) b4: And A hide worn, or eroded, by the tan, (نَهَِكَهُ الدِّبَاغُ, M, K, in the CK نَهَكَهُ الدَّبّاغُ,) the like of فُلْفُل [or peppercorns] appearing in it. (TA.)

فِلَسْطِينُ:
بالكسر ثم الفتح، وسكون السين، وطاء مهملة، وآخره نون، والعرب في إعرابها على مذهبين:
منهم من يقول فلسطين ويجعلها بمنزلة ما لا ينصرف ويلزمها الياء في كل حال فيقول هذه فلسطين ورأيت فلسطين ومررت بفلسطين، ومنهم من يجعلها بمنزلة الجمع ويجعل إعرابها بالحرف الذي قبل النون فيقول هذه فلسطون ورأيت فلسطين ومررت بفلسطين، بفتح الفاء واللام، كذا ضبطه الأزهري، والنسبة إليه فلسطيّ، قال الأعشى:
ومثلك خود بادن قد طلبتها، ... وساعيت معصيّا لدينا وشاتها
متى تسق من أنيابها بعد هجعة ... من الليل شربا حين مالت طلاتها
تقله فلسطيّا إذا ذقت طعمه ... على ربذات الّتي حمش لثاتها
وهي آخر كور الشام من ناحية مصر، قصبتها البيت المقدس، ومن مشهور مدنها عسقلان والرملة وغزّة وأرسوف وقيسارية ونابلس وأريحا وعمّان ويافا وبيت جبرين، وقيل في تحديدها: إنها أول أجناد الشام من ناحية الغرب، وطولها للراكب مسافة ثلاثة أيام، أولها رفح من ناحية مصر وآخرها اللّجون من ناحية الغور، وعرضها من يافا إلى أريحا نحو ثلاثة أيام أيضا، وزغر ديار قوم لوط، وجبال الشراة إلى أيلة كله مضموم إلى جند فلسطين وغير ذلك، وأكثرها جبال والسهل فيها قليل، وقيل: إنها سميت بفلسطين بن سام بن إرم بن سام بن نوح، عليه السلام، وقال الزجاجي: سميت بفلسطين بن كلثوم من ولد فلان بن نوح، وقال هشام بن محمد نقلته من خط جخجخ: إنما سميت فلسطين بفليشين بن كسلوخيم من بني يافث بن نوح، ويقال: ابن صدقيّا بن عيفا بن حام بن نوح ثم عرّبت فليشين، قال الشاعر:
ولو أنّ طيرا كلّفت مثل سيره ... إلى واسط من إيلياء لكلّت
سما بالمهارى من فلسطين بعد ما ... دنا الشمس من فيء إليها فولّت
وقال العميد أبو سعد عبد الغفار بن فاخر بن شريف البستي وكان ورد بغداد رسولا من غزنة يذكر فلسطين والتزم ما لا يلزمه من الطاء والياء والنون يمدح عميد الرؤساء أبا طاهر محمد بن أيوب وزير القادر بالله ثم القائم:
العبد خادم مولانا وكاتبه ... ملك الملوك وسلطان السلاطين
قد قال فيك وزير الملك قافية ... تطوي البلاد إلى أقصى فلسطين
كالسّحر يخلب من يرعيه مسمعه، ... لكنّه ليس من سحر الشياطين
فأرعه سمعك الميمون طائره، ... لا زال حليك حلي الكتب والطين
وعشت أطول ما تختار من أمد ... في ظلّ عزّ وتوطيد وتوطين
وفي كتاب ابن الفقيه: سميت بفلسطين بن كسلوخيم ابن صدقيا بن كنعان بن حام بن نوح، وقد نسبوا إليها فلسطيّ، وقال ابن هرمة:
كأنّ فاها لمن تؤنّسه ... بعد غبوب الرّقاد والعلل
كاس فلسطيّة معتّقة ... شيبت بماء من مزنة السّبل
وقال ابن الكلبي في قوله تعالى: يا قَوْمِ ادْخُلُوا الْأَرْضَ الْمُقَدَّسَةَ الَّتِي كَتَبَ الله لَكُمْ 5: 21، هي أرض فلسطين، وفي قوله تعالى: الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي بارَكْنا فِيها لِلْعالَمِينَ 21: 71، قال: هي فلسطين، وقال عدي بن الرقاع:
فكأني من ذكركم خالطتني ... من فلسطين جلس خمر عقار
عتّقت في الدّنان من بيت رأس ... سنوات وما سبتها التّجار
فهي صهباء تترك المرء أعشى ... في بياض العينين عنها احمرار
قال البشّاري: وفلسطين أيضا قرية بالعراق.

شق

1 شَقَّهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (M, Msb,) inf. n. شَقٌّ, (S, M, Msb,) He cut it [or divided it] lengthwise; (TA in art. قد;) [i. e.] he clave it, split it, rived or rifted it, or slit it; so as to separate it; [i. e. he clave, split, rived or rifted, slit, rent, ripped, tore, broke, or burst, it asunder;] or without separating it; [i. e. he cracked, chapped, incided or incised, gashed, slashed, furrowed, or trenched, it; or clave, split, &c., or cut, it open;] syn. صَدَعَهُ; (K;) or [more explicitly]

الشَّقُّ signifies الصَّدْعُ البَائِنُ [the cleaving &c. that separates]; or غَيْرُ البَائِنِ [that which does not separate]; or الصَّدْعُ [the cleaving, &c.,] in a general sense: (M:) and in like manner, [but with an intensive signification, or implying frequency or repetition of the action, or its application to several objects, generally meaning he clave it, &c., much, or in pieces, or in several places,] ↓ شقّقهُ: (M, K:) you say, شقّق الحَطَبَ (S, K) وَغَيْرَهُ (S) i. e. شَقَّهُ [but properly meaning He clave in pieces the firewood &c.]. (K. [In the CK, شَقَّ الحَطَبَ is erroneously put for شقّق الحطب.]) b2: [شَقَّ رَأْسَهُ generally means He clave his head, or his pericranium: and sometimes, as in an instance in the K voce شَقَأَ, he divided the hair of his head.] b3: شَقَّ العَصَا [lit. He split the staff] means (tropical:) he separated himself from the community; (S, K, TA;) and particularly, that of the Muslims: because the staff is not thus called but when it is whole, not when it is split: accord. to Lth, يَشُقُّ عَصَا المُسْلِمِينَ and ↓ يُشَاقُّهُمْ signify alike: but they differ in meaning, as will be shown hereafter. (TA.) شَقَّ عَصَا المُسْلِمِينَ, K, TA,) said of a خَارِجِىّ [i. e. heretic or schismatic], also means (assumed tropical:) He effected disunion and dissension in the body of the Muslims. (TA.) And one says also, شَقَّ عَصَا الطَّاعَةِ (assumed tropical:) [He broke the compact of allegiance, or obedience; became a rebel]. (M.) b4: لَا وَالَّذِى شَقَّ الرِّجَالَ لِلْخَيْلِ وَالجِبَالَ لِلسَّيْلِ [app. meaning (assumed tropical:) No, by Him who clave men for the riding upon horses, and the mountains for the flowing of the torrent,] is a saying mentioned by IAar, but not expl. by him. (M. [It is there added, وَعِنْدِى أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ الرِّجَالَ وَالجِبَالَ جُمْلَةً

وَاحِدَةً ثُمَّ خَرَقَهُمَا فَجَعَلَ الرِّجَالَ لِهٰذِهِ وَالجِبَالَ لِهٰذَا: an expression of opinion which is, to me, by no means clear, though reconcilable with my rendering.]) b5: المَالُ بَيْنَنَا شَقَّ الأَبْلَمَةِ and الأُبْلُمَةِ [The property is divided between us as in the dividing of the ابلمة; or the cattle are divided &c.;] meanswe are equal in respect of the property, or cattle: for the ابلمة means the [kind of leaf called]

خُوصَة, which, when it is split lengthwise, splits in halves: (M:) or, accord. to Aboo-Ziyád, the ابلمة is a herb, or leguminous plant, (بَقْلَةٌ,) to which there come forth pods, like [those of] the bean; and when you split them lengthwise, they split in halves, equally, from the first part to the last thereof: شَقَّ is in the accus. case as an inf. n., مَشْقُوقٌ being understood. (Har p. 639.) [See also شِقٌّ.] b6: شَقَّ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شُقُوقٌ, (M,) said of the canine tooth of a camel, (tropical:) It [clave the gum and] came forth: (S, M, K, TA:) [said to be] a dial. var. of شَقَأَ: (S:) and said of the canine tooth of a child, (M, TA,) in like manner, (TA,) meaning it made its first appearance: (M:) and said also of a plant, [as meaning it came forth] on the ground's first cleaving open from it. (M, TA.) b7: Also, aor. ـُ inf. n. شَقٌّ, said of the dawn, (tropical:) It rose; as though it clave the place of its rising and came forth therefrom. (TA.) b8: Also, aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. شَقٌّ, said of lightning, (tropical:) It [clave the clouds, and] extended high, into the midst of the sky, without going to the right and left: (K, TA:) so says A'Obeyd: (TA: [see شَقِيقٌ:]) and ↓ انشقّ and ↓ تشقّق, said of lightning, signify اِنْعَقَّ [probably meaning the same; (see عَقِيقَةٌ;) or, as expl. in the S and also in the O, in art. عق, it was, or became, in a state of commotion, (تَضَرَّبَ,) in the clouds]: (M, TA:) or ↓ تشقّق said of lightning means it spread wide and long. (JK.) b9: شَقَّ السَّبِيلَ (K in art. عبر) (assumed tropical:) He passed along the way; as though he cut it, or furrowed it. (TK in that art.) and شَقَّ النَّهْرَ (assumed tropical:) He crossed the river by swimming. (TA in art. قطع.) b10: شَقَّ المَآءَ (assumed tropical:) He opened a way, passage, vent, or channel, for the water to flow forth; syn. بَجَسَهُ. (A and K in art. بجس.) b11: شَقَّ أَمْرَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. شَقٌّ, (assumed tropical:) He, or it, discomposed, deranged, or disordered, so that it became incongruous, or inconsistent, his affair, or state of affairs. (M, TA.) [A phrase similar to شَقَّ العَصَا, mentioned above. And so, app., what next follows.] b12: شَقَّ الكَلَامَ, i. q. قَدَّهُ [also expl. as syn. with قَطَعَهُ, which generally means (assumed tropical:) He cut short, or broke off, the speech; or ceased from speaking; but sometimes, and perhaps in this case, he articulated speech, or the speech: compare a signification of 2.]. (M and L in art. قد.) b13: See also 8. b14: شَقَّ بَصَرُ المَيِّتِ i. q. شَخَصَ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) The eye, or eyes, of the dying man became fixedly open; or his eyelids became raised upwards, and he looked intently, and became disquieted, or disturbed]: (M, TA:) and (TA) the dying man looked at a thing, his sight not recoiling to him: (S, K, TA:) said of him to whom death is present: (S, TA:) or [simply] the eyes of the dying man became open: (TA:) one should not say شَقَّ المَيِّتُ بَصَرَهُ: (S, M, K:) and شُقَّ, with damm to the ش, is not approved. (IAth, TA.) b15: شَقَّ عَلَيْهِ, (M, K, in the S عَلَىَّ, and in the Msb عَلَيْنَا,) aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb,) inf. n. شَقٌّ (S, M, K) and مَشَقَّةٌ, (S, K,) [or the latter is a simple subst., as seems to be indicated in the M and Msb,] (assumed tropical:) It (a thing, S, or an affair, or event, M, Msb, K) affected him severely; had a severe effect upon him; distressed, afflicted, troubled, molested, inconvenienced, fatigued, or wearied, him: (M:) it was difficult, hard, distressing, grievous, or severe, to him; (K, TA;) and onerous, burdensome, oppressive, or troublesome, to him. (TA.) and شَقَّ عَلَيْهِ, [inf. n., app., شَقٌّ only,] (assumed tropical:) He caused him to fall into a difficult, hard, distressing, grievous, or severe, case: (K, TA:) imposed upon him that which was onerous, burdensome, oppressive, or troublesome. (TA.) And شَقَّتِ السَّفْرَةُ (assumed tropical:) The journey was [difficult, hard, or] far-extending. (Msb.) A2: شُقَّ, said of the solid hoof, and of the pastern of a horse or the like, It was, or became, affected with the disease termed شُقَاق, occasioning cracks. (M, TA.) 2 شَقَّّ see 1, first sentence. b2: شقّق الكَلَامَ, (S, K, TA,) inf. n. تَشْقِيقٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He uttered, or pronounced, speech, or the speech, in the best manner: (S, K, TA:) and he sought with repeated efforts, in speaking, to utter, or pronounce, the speech in the best manner. (TA.) 3 شاقّهُ, (M, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. مُشَاقَّةٌ (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and شِقَاقٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) the latter inf. n. occurring in the Kur ii. 131 and iv. 39 [&c.], (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He acted with him contrariously, or adversely, (S, * M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and inimically; (K;) properly, each of them doing to the other that which was distressing, grievous, or troublesome, so that each of them was in a شِقّ [or side] other than that of his fellow; (Msb;) or as though he became in a شِقّ, i. e. side, in respect of him: (Mgh:) accord. to Er-Rághib, the inf. n. signifies the being in a شِقّ [or side] other than that of one's fellow: or it is from شَقُّ العَصَا بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ صَاحِبِكَ [meaning “ the effecting disunion and dissension between thee and thy fellow ”], so that it is tropical: (TA:) or the primary meaning of الشِّقَاقُ is the being [mutually] remote. (Ham p. 326.) See also 1, in the first quarter of the paragraph.4 اشقّ النَّخْلُ The palm-trees put forth their شَوَاقّ, pl. of شَاقَّةٌ [q. v.]: mentioned by Th, on the authority of some one or more of the BenooSuwáäh. (M.) 5 تشقّق quasi-pass. of 2: (S, M, K:) said of firewood (S, K) &c. (S) [as meaning It became cloven in pieces]. See 7, in two places. b2: Said of lightning: see 1, in two places, in the latter half of the paragraph. b3: Said of a horse, (tropical:) He was, or became, lean, or light of flesh; slender and lean; or lean, and lank in the belly. (A'Obeyd, TA.) 6 تَشَاقَّا, said of two adversaries, or litigants, as also ↓ اِشْتَقَّا, They wrangled, quarrelled, or contended, each with the other, (M, TA,) and took to the right and left in contention; (TA;) فِى

الشَّىْءِ [in respect of the thing]. (M.) 7 انشقّ quasi-pass. of شَقَّهُ as expl. in the first sentence of this art.: [i. e. it signifies It became divided lengthwise, cloven, split, riven or rifted, slit, rent, ripped, torn, broken, or burst, asunder; or it became cracked, chapped, incided or incised, gashed, slashed, furrowed, or trenched; or cloven, or split, &c., or cut, open: or it clave, split, &c.:] (S, M:) and in like manner, ↓ تشقّق is quasi-pass. of شَقَّقَهُ: [i. e. it signifies it became cloven or split &c., or it clave or split &c., much, or in pieces, or in several or many places:] (M:) or the former signifies [sometimes] it opened so as to have in it an interstice. (Msb.) وَانْشَقَّ القَمَرُ, in the Kur liv. I, means And the moon hath been cloven (Bd, Jel) in twain, (Jel,) as a sign to the Prophet: (Bd, Jel:) or shall be cloven on the day of resurrection: but the former is confirmed by another reading, وَقَدِ أْنْشَقَّ القَمَرُ: (Bd:) or, accord. to Er-Rághib, the meaning is, (assumed tropical:) the case hath become manifest. (TA.) One says, انشقّ الشَّىْءُ بِنِصْفَيْنِ [The thing became cloven, &c., in halves]. (S.) [And انشقّ مِنْهُ It became cloven, &c., from it: and it branched off from it; as a river from another river, and the like. and انشقّ عَنْهُ It clave asunder from over it, so as to disclose it: see also 8.] b2: [Hence,] انشقّ فلَانٌ مِنَ الغَضَبِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one was as though his interior were filled with anger so that he split. (TA.) b3: And اِنْشَقَّتِ العَصَا (assumed tropical:) The affair, or state of affairs, became discomposed, deranged, or disordered: (S, K, TA:) and انشقّت العَصَا بِالبَيْنِ, and ↓ تشقّقت, (Lth, M, TA,) (assumed tropical:) the affair, or state of affairs, became discomposed, deranged, or disorganized, by separation: (Lth, TA:) and انشقّ الأَمْرُ (assumed tropical:) the affair, or state of affairs, became discomposed, deranged, or disorganized, being incongruous, or inconsistent. (M, TA.) and انشقّت عَصَا الطَّاعَةِ (assumed tropical:) [The compact of allegiance, or obedience, became broken]. (M.) b4: انشقّ said of lightning: see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph.8 اِشْتِقَاقٌ signifies The taking the شِقّ of a thing, (S, K,) i. e. the half thereof. (S.) One says, اشتقّ الشَّىْءَ He took the شِقّ [or half] of the thing. (TK.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) The taking [or deriving] a word from a word, (S, K,) with the condition of reciprocal relation in meaning and [radical] composition, and of reciprocal difference in form: [and it is of three kinds:] الاِشْتِقَاقُ الصَّغِيرُ is that derivation in which there is a reciprocal relation between the two words in the letters and in the order [thereof]; as in ضَرَبَ from الضَّرْبُ: الاشتقاق الكَبِيرُ is that in which there is a reciprocal relation between the two words as to the letter and the meaning, exclusively of the order; as in جَبَذَ from الجَذْبُ: الاشتقاق الأَكْبَرُ is that in which there is a reciprocal relation between the two words in the place [or places] of utterance; as in نَعَقَ from النَّهْقُ. (KT.) [You say, اشتقّ حَرْفًا or كَلِمَةً or لَفْظًا, and اسْمًا, He derived a word, and a name, مِنْ آخَرَ from another; and ↓ شَقَّهُ sometimes signifies the same, as is shown by a citation voce رَحِمٌ.] b3: [And, as syn. with اِخْتِرَاعٌ, (see 8 in art. خرع,)] The constructing, or founding, (بُنْيَان,) of a thing of, or from, what is originated without premeditation. (M.) b4: and (tropical:) The taking to the right and left, (S, K, TA,) not pursuing the right, or direct, course, (S, TA,) in speech, and in contention, or disputation, or litigation: (S, K, TA:) or اِشْتِقَاقُ الكَلَامِ signifies the taking to the right and left in speech: (so in a copy of the M: [but I think that the right reading is الاِشْتِقَاقُ فِى الكَلَامِ, agreeably with what here follows:]) you say, اشتقّ فِى الكَلَامِ, and فِى الخُصُومَةِ. (TK.) See also 6. And [in like manner] one says of a horse, اشتقّ فِى عَدْوِهِ (assumed tropical:) He went to the right and left in his running. (M. [See also أَشَقُّ.]) b5: اشتقّ الطَّرِيقُ فِى الفَلَاةِ (tropical:) The road went [or branched off] into the desert. (TA. [See also 7.]) 10 استشقّ بِالجُوَالِقِ He turned the sack upon one of his two sides (عَلَى أَحَدِ شِقَّيْهِ), in order to pass through a door. (TA.) b2: [استشقّ, as stated by Freytag, is expl. by Jac. Schultens, but on what authority is not said, as signifying “ Prodiit, manifestus evasit. ”] R. Q. 1 شَقْشَقَ, (JK, S, K,) inf. n. شَقْشَقَةٌ, (S,) said of a stallion [camel], He brayed [in his شِقْشِقَة, or faucial bag]. (JK, S, K.) [It is said that] the primary meaning of شَقْشَقَةٌ is Loudness of voice; or the being loud in voice. (JK.) b2: And said of a sparrow, It uttered a cry: (K, TA:) or one says of a sparrow, يُشَقْشِقُ فِى صَوْتِهِ [app. meaning It makes a loud twittering in its cry]. (S.) شَقٌّ sing. of شُقُوقٌ; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) originally an inf. n.; (S, Msb;) An opening forming an interstice in a thing: (Msb:) or a fissure, cleft, chink, split, slit, rent, crack, or the like, syn. صَدْعٌ, in wood or a stick, or in a wall, or in a glass vessel [&c.]: (T, TA:) [or] a place that is مَشْقُوق [i. e. cloven or cleft, split, &c.: (see 1, first sentence: and see also مَشَقٌّ:) and often signifying an incision, a gash, or a furrow, or trench]: (M, K:) as though an inf. n. used as a subst. in this sense: pl. as above, شُقُوقٌ: (M:) it differs from شُقَاقٌ, (S, Mgh,) by having a general signification: (Mgh:) accord. to Yaakoob, one says, بِيَدِ فُلَانٍ شُقُوقٌ (S, Mgh) and بِرِجْلِهِ (S) [i. e. In the hand, or arm, of such a one are cracks, or the like, and in his foot, or leg]: but [it is asserted that in this case] one should not say شُقَاقٌ: (S, Mgh: [see, however, this word:]) and hence, شَقُّ القَبْرِ The trench, or oblong excavation, in the middle of the grave: and accord. to As, شُقُوقٌ signifies صُدُوع [i. e. fissures, &c.,] in mountains, and in the earth, or ground. (Mgh.) b2: The rima vulvæ of a woman; i. e. the gap [or chink] between the two edges, or borders, of the labia majora of her vulva: as also ↓ مَشَقٌّ. (M, K.) b3: And (tropical:) The daybreak. (S, K, TA.) A2: See also the next paragraph, first and fifth sentences.

A3: And see the last two sentences of the same paragraph.

شِقٌّ The half (S, Mgh, Msb, K) of a thing (S, Msb, K) of any kind; as also ↓ شَقٌّ: (K:) or the half of a thing when it is cloven, or split, or divided lengthwise; (M;) as also ↓ شِقَّةٌ. (AHn, S, * M, K.) One says, أَخَذْتُ شِقَّ الشَّاةِ and ↓ شِقَّةَ الشَّاةِ I took the half of the sheep or goat: (S, TA:) the vulgar pronounce the ش with fet-h. (TA.) And خُذْ هٰذَا الشِّقَّ Take thou this ↓ شِقَّة [i. e. half] of the sheep or goat. (TA.) Hence the trad., تَصَدَّقُوا وَلَوْ بِشِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ i. e. [Give ye alms though it be but] the half of a date; meaning deem not anything little that is given as alms. (TA.) And المَالُ بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَكَ شِقَّ الشَّعَرَةِ and الشَّعَرَةِ ↓ شَقَّ, (O, K, * [in the CK and in my MS. copy of the K شقُّ, but the former reading appears to be the right, شَقَّ being an inf. n. as in a similar saying in the former half of the first paragraph of this art., and شِقَّ being a subst. used as an inf. n. or for كَشِقِّ,]) meaning [The property is between us] two halves, equal [in division]. (K.) b2: [Hence,] A certain kind of the jinn, or genii; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K;) a species of diabolical beings having the form of the half of a human being. (Kzw in his Descr. of the Jinn.) b3: The lateral half, or half and side; as when one says that a person paralyzed has a شِقّ inclining; and as when one speaks of the شِقّ of a مَحْمِل [meaning either of the two dorsers, or panniers, or oblong chests, which are borne, one on either side, by a camel, and which, with a small tent over them, compose a مَحْمِل: see this last word, and مَحَارَةٌ]. (Mgh.) b4: The side of the body; as when one says of a person that his left شِقّ was grazed, or abraded. (Mgh.) [Hence,] one says of a horse, يَمِيلُ عَلَى أَحَدِ شِقَّيْهِ [He inclines, or leans, upon one of his two sides]. (O.) [And مَشَى عَلَى شِقٍّ and فِى شِقٍّ He went, or walked, inclining upon one side.] b5: The side, or lateral part, (Lth, Msb, K, TA,) of a thing; the two sides of a thing being called شِقَّاهُ: (Lth, TA:) or, as some say, (TA,) the side of a mountain. (S, TA.) [Hence,] one says, فُلَانٌ مِنْ شِقِّ العَشِيرَةِ لَا مِنْ صَمِيمِهَا (assumed tropical:) [Such a one is of the collateral class of the kinsfolk, or tribe, not of the main stock thereof]. (Mgh in art. عرض.) b6: I. q. ↓ شَقِيقٌ; (S, Msb, K;) [which primarily signifies The cloven-off half of a thing; i. e.,] when a thing is cloven in halves, each of the halves is called the شَقِيق of the other. (S, K.) b7: [And hence, (assumed tropical:) The counterpart of a person or thing: and this appears to be meant by J, and accord. to SM in the K, where it is said that شِقٌّ is syn. with ↓ شَقِيقٌ; for they add immediately after:] one says هُوَ أَخِى وَشِقُّ نَفْسِى (tropical:) [He is my brother, and the counterpart of myself]; (S, TA;) as though he were cloven from me, because of the resemblance of each of us to the other. (TA.) One says also, هذَا

↓ شَقِيقُهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) This is the like of him, or it. (TA.) And [hence] it is said in a trad., النِّسَآءُ شَقَائِقُ الرِّجَالِ, [in which شَقَائِقُ is the pl. of ↓ شَقِيقٌ as fem., or of شَقِيقَةٌ in the same sense,] meaning (assumed tropical:) Women are the likes of men in natural dispositions; as though they were cloven from them; or because Eve was created from Adam. (TA.) b8: And (tropical:) A man's brother; (M;) and so ↓ شَقِيقٌ; (S, M, O, K, TA;) meaning a brother by the father and mother; (TA;) from شَقِيقٌ as meaning “ either half of a thing that is cloven in halves; ” (S, TA;) or as though the relationship of one were cloven from that of the other: (IDrd, O, K:) pl. of the latter أَشِقَّآءُ. (M, Msb.) b9: And a name for A thing at which one looks: (Lth, O, K:) [but this is app. taken from the following saying of Lth, in which I think الشِّقُّ is a mistranscription for الشَّقُّ, meaning “ the crack,” &c.:] الشَّقُّ is the inf. n. of شَقَقْتُ, and الشِّقُّ is a name for that at which one looks [i. e. for the visible effect of the act signified by the verb], and the pl. is الشُّقُوقُ [which is well known as the pl. of الشَّقُّ]. (JK.) A2: Also i. q. ↓ مَشَقَّةٌ (S, M, O, Msb, K) i. e. Difficulty, hardship, distress, affliction, trouble, inconvenience, fatigue, or weariness; (M, TA;) and languor, or lack of power, that overtakes the mind and the body; (Er-Rághib, TA;) and so ↓ شَقٌّ; (IJ, S, M, O, K;) thus it is sometimes pronounced with fet-h; mentioned by A'Obeyd; (S;) and by Az; (M;) or this is an inf. n., and شِقٌّ is the subst.; (O, K;) and ↓ شُقَّةٌ and ↓ شِقَّةٌ also signify the same as مَشَقَّةٌ, (K,) or such as overtakes a man in consequence of travel; (TA;) and the pls. of these two are شُقَقٌ, (K, TA,) mentioned by Fr, (TA,) and شِقَقٌ, (K, TA,) mentioned on the authority of some one or more of [the tribe of] Keys: (TA:) the pl. of ↓ مَشَقَّةٌ is مَشَاقُّ and مَشَقَّاتٌ. (TA.) Hence, in the Kur [xvi. 7], لَمْ تَكُونُوا بَالِغِيهِ إِلَّا بِشِقِ الْأَنْفُسِ [Which ye would not reach save with difficulty, or distress, &c., of the souls]; where some read ↓ بِشَقِّ. (S, * TA.) شُقَّةٌ primarily signifies The half of a garment [consisting of two oblong pieces sewed together, side by side]: then it was applied to [such] a garment as it is [when complete: in both of these senses it is used in the present day]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or a piece (قِطْعَةٌ) of a garment: (Mgh:) or the شُقَّة of ثِيَاب [thus, and thus only, in the S, meaning of garments and of cloths, for it is of both,] is an oblong piece; syn. سَبِيبَةٌ مُسْتَطِيلَةٌ: (M, K:) [it is often applied to an oblong piece of cloth of those pieces of which a tent is composed:] pl. شُقَقٌ and شِقَاقٌ. (M, Mgh, TA.) One says, فُلَانٌ يَبِيعُ شِقَاقَ الكَتَّانِ [Such a one sells pieces, or oblong pieces, &c., of linen]. (Mgh.) b2: Also A piece of a مَزَادَة [q. v.]. (B, TA in art. بصر.) b3: And A piece, or portion, [or tract,] of Hell; likewise pronounced ↓ شِقَّةٌ. (Ham p. 816.) b4: And A far journey; as also ↓ شِقَّةٌ, (S, M, K,) sometimes thus pronounced with kesr: (S:) a far, long journey: a far-extending space: (TA:) or a road difficult to him who travels it: (Mgh:) or [simply] a journey: and i. q. ثنيا [so in my copy of the Msb, app. a mistranscription for ثَنِيَّة, i. e. a mountain-road, &c.]: pl. شُقَقٌ. (Msb.) b5: and A part, region, quarter, or tract, (Ibn-'Arafeh, Er-Rághib, K, TA,) towards which one draws near, (Ibn-'Arafeh, TA,) or towards which the traveller directs himself, (K, TA,) [like شُكَّةٌ,] or in the reaching of which one is overtaken by difficulty, or distress; (Er-Rághib, TA;) and ↓ شِقَّةٌ signifies the same. (K.) b6: And Distance; and so ↓ شِقَّةٌ. (K.) b7: See also شِقٌّ, last sentence but one.

شِقَّةٌ A splinter (S, K) that splits off, (S,) or a piece (M, Mgh, TA) split off, (M, TA,) of a plank, (S, M, K, TA,) or of wood, (TA,) or of a piece of wood, (S, Mgh,) or other thing: (M, TA:) a piece split, or divided, lengthwise, of a staff, or stick, and of a garment, or piece of cloth, &c.: (IDrd, O, K:) and a piece split (K, TA) from anything; such as the half: (TA:) pl. شِقَقٌ. (O, TA.) One says of him who is angry, اِحْتَدَّ فَطَارَتْ مِنْهُ شِقَّةٌ فِى الأَرْضِ وَشِقَّةٌ فِى السَّمَآءِ (assumed tropical:) [He became excited by sharpness of temper, or angriness, and he was as though a bit flew from him upon the ground, and a bit into the sky]. (S, * M, TA: in the S, فى الارض &c. is omitted.) See also شِقٌّ, first three sentences. b2: See also شُقَّةٌ, in four places. b3: And see شِقٌّ, again, last sentence but one.

شَقَقٌ The quality, in a horse, (M, K,) and in a man, (M,) denoted by the epithet أَشَقُّ [q. v.]. (M, K.) شَقَقَةٌ [a pl. of which the sing. is not mentioned] Enemies. (TA.) شُقَاقٌ A cracking in several places, (تَشَقُّقٌ, S, K,) or cracks, (Mgh,) or a certain disease occasioning cracks, (M,) in the pasterns of horses or the like, (S, M, Mgh, K,) and in their hoofs, (M, Mgh,) and sometimes rising to their shanks: so says Yaakoob: (S:) and, accord. to Lth, (Mgh,) and Az, (TA,) a cracking in several places (تَشَقُّقٌ) of the skin, from cold or some other cause, in the hands or arms, and the face: (Mgh, TA:) or it signifies also any crack, or slit, in the skin, from disease: (M, TA:) As says that it is in the hand or arm, and the foot or leg, of a human being, and in the fore leg and kind leg of an animal: (Mgh, TA:) but this is inconsistent with what is said by Yaakoob [as stated voce شَقٌّ, first sentence]. (Mgh.) See also أَسْعَدُ: and شَرَجٌ.

شَقِيقٌ: see شِقٌّ, in five places. b2: شَقِيقُ البَرْقِ [so in a copy of the M, but the right reading may be شَقِيقَةُ البَرْقِ, which occurs in the next sentence of the M,] i. q. عَقِيقَتُهُ [expl. in the S, in art. خفو, as meaning Lightning that cleaves the clouds, and extends high, into the midst of the sky, without going to the right and left: but see شَقِيقَةٌ]. (M.) A2: Also A calf that has become firm, or strong: (O, K:) and applied likewise to (assumed tropical:) a man [that has become so; by way of comparison]: (O:) or a bull such as is termed جَذَعٌ [i. e. in his second, or third, year]. (JK.) شَقُوقَةٌ A certain bird; also called ↓ شَقِيقَةٌ: (M, K:) and ↓ شُقَيِّقَةٌ is the dim. thereof: (K:) AHát says, the ↓ شَقُوقَة is a very little thing, grayish (زُرَيْقَآءُ), of the colour of ashes; ten and fifteen of what are thus called congregate; and I think it to be the ↓ شُقَيِّقَة, which is a دُخَّلَة of the دُخَّل [q. v.]; it is somewhat dusky; and its form is the form of these, but it is smaller than they: it is called ↓ شُقَيِّقَة becanse of its smallness: IDrd, in the class of فُعَيْعِل, mentions ↓ الشُّقَيِّقُ as signifying a certain species of birds [app. as a coll. gen. n., of which the n. un. is with ة]. (O, TA.) شَقِيقَةٌ [accord. to Golius, A fissure; as from the KL; but not so expl. in my copy of that work. b2: ] An intervening space or tract between two elongated, or extended, tracts of sand, (S, M, * O, K, * [in the last of which الجَبَلَيْنِ is erroneously put for الجَبْلَيْنِ,]) thus expl. to AHn by an Arab of the desert, (TA,) producing herbage: (S, M, O, K:) or a rugged tract between two elongated, or extended, tracts of sand, producing good herbage; (M, TA;) so in the T, as expl. to its author by an Arab of the desert: (TA:) pl. شَقَائِقُ, (T, S, O, K, TA,) expl. by some as meaning sands themselves: (TA:) or a great piece of sand: or a piece of sand between two pieces thereof. (Ham p. 282.) b3: [In the A and TA voce قِطُّ, it is used as meaning A slice cut off of a melon &c.]

A2: A rain, (M,) or a violent rain, consisting of large drops, (K, TA,) wide in extent: so called because the clouds cleave asunder from it: (M, K, TA:) pl. as above. (TA.) b2: The pl., شَقَائِقُ, is expl. by Az as signifying Clouds that have cloven asunder with copious rains. (O, TA.) b3: شَقِيقَةُ بَرْقٍِ, (O, K,) and عَقِيقَتُهُ, both as expl. by Aboo-Sa'eed, (O,) A flash of lightning that has spread (O, K) in the horizon, (O,) or from the horizon: (K: [but see شَقِيقُ البَرْقِ:]) or شَقِيقَةٌ signifies a flash of lightning that has spread in the breadth of the clouds, and filled the sky: pl. as above. (Ham p. 557.) A3: A headache, (JK, T, TA,) or a pain, (S, O, K,) or a certain disease, (M,) in the half of the head, (JK, T, S, M, O, K,) [i. e. hemicrania,] and of the face: (JK, T, S, O, K:) or, accord. to IAth, a sort of headache in the fore part of the head and towards the sides thereof. (TA.) A4: شَقَائِقُ النُّعْمَانِ, used alike as sing. and pl., (S, O, K,) having no proper sing., (Msb,) or its sing. is شَقِيقَةٌ; (M, O, Msb;) [The red, or blood-coloured, anemone;] a certain plant; (M;) a certain red flower; (Lth, O;) well known; (S, K;) the شَقِر; (Msb;) or, as AHn says, on the authority of AA and Aboo-Nasr and others, it is the شَقِرَة [n. un. of شَقِرٌ]; and the sing. of شقائق is شَقِيقَةٌ: (O, TA:) it is called شقائق النعمان because of its redness, as being likened to the شَقِيقَة of lightning: (M, K:) or from النُّعْمَان as meaning “ blood,” as resembling blood in colour; (Msb, TA;) so that it signifies “ pieces of blood: ” (TA:) or in relation to En-Noamán Ibn-El-Mundhir, because he prohibited to the public a piece of land in which it abounded: (S, K, TA:) or because he alighted upon شَقَائِق of sand that had produced red شَقِر, and he deemed them beautiful, and commanded that they should be prohibited to the public; so the شَقِر were called the شقائق of En-Noamán, by the name of the place of their growth. (TA.) A5: See also شَقُوقَةٌ.

شُقَيِّقٌ, and with ة: see شَقُوقَةٌ, in four places.

شَقَّاقٌ, meaning One who glories, or boasts, vainly, and praises himself for that which is not in him, is not of the [classical] language of the Arabs. (L, TA.) شَقِّىٌّ A horse with which his rider ex-periences difficulty in striving to master him. (JK.) شِقِّيَّةٌ A certain mode of جِمَاع, (K, TA,) in which the woman lies upon her شِقّ [or side]. (TA.) شِقْشِقَةٌ [The bursa faucium, or faucial bag, which is placed behind the palate of the he-camel, and which, when excited, he inflates, and blows out from the side of his mouth;] a thing resembling the lungs, or lights, which the he-camel protrudes from his mouth when he is excited by lust; (S, O, K;) a skin in the fauces of the Arabian camel, which he inflates with wind, and in which he brays; whereupon it appears from the side of his mouth; so says En-Nadr; and he adds that it does not pertain to any but the Arabian camel, [as is said in the M, and] as Hr says; but this requires consideration; (TA;) [also expl. as] the لَهَاة [q. v.] of the he-camel, (M, and Har p. 16,) which he protrudes from his mouth when he brays: (Har ubi suprá:) pl. شَقَاشِقُ. (TA.) b2: To this is likened the tongue of the chaste, or eloquent, and able speaker; himself being likened to the braying stallion-camel: (O:) and hence they say of an orator, or a preacher, that he is ذُو شِقْشِقَةٍ: (S:) one says likewise of an orator, or a preacher, that is loud in voice and skilful in speech, هُوَ أَهْرَتُ الشِقْشِقَةِ [lit. He is wide, or ample, in respect of the شقشقة]: (TA:) and one says, هَدَرَتْ شِقْشِقَتُهُ (assumed tropical:) [meaning His utterance was sonorous and fluent]. (A and TA in art. هدر.) Orators, or preachers, are also termed شَقَاشِق [for ذَوُو شَقَاشِقَ]: and one says, فُلَانٌ شِقْشِقَةُ قَوْمِهِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) Such a one is the noble, and the chaste in speech, or eloquent, of his people. (M.) And in a trad. of 'Omar, (M, O, TA,) accord. to A'Obeyd and others, or of 'Alee accord. to Hr, (TA,) شَقَاشِق are assigned to the Devil, in his saying, إِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنَ الخُطَبِ مِنْ شَقَاشِقِ الشَّيْطَانِ [lit. Verily many of the orations, or harangues, are from the شقاشق of the Devil]; because of the lying introduced into them. (M, O, * TA. *) الخُطْبَةُ الشِّقْشِقِيَّةُ an appellation applied to a certain خُطْبَة [i. e. oration, or harangue, or sermon,] of 'Alee, because of his saying to Ibn-'Abbás, (O, K,) on his having cut short his speech, (O,) in reply to a remark of the latter person upon his not having continued his speech uninterruptedly, تِلْكَ شِقْشِقَةٌ هَدَرَتْ ثُمَّ قَرَّتْ [That was a شقشقة that uttered a braying, then became still]. (O, K.) شَاقٌّ Difficult, hard, distressing, grievous, afflicting, troubling, molesting, fatiguing, or wearying. (KL.) One says أَمْرٌ شَاقٌّ [An affair, or event, that is difficult, &c.]; from شَقَّ عَلَيْنَا الأَمْرُ. (Msb.) And شُقَّةٌ شَاقَّةٌ (S, Msb) A long journey [that is difficult, &c.]. (Msb.) شافَّةٌ The spadix of a palm-tree, that has become a span in length; so called because it cleaves the envelope: pl. شَوَاقُّ. (M.) أَشَقُّ, (S, M, O, K,) fem. شَقَّآءُ, and pl. شُقٌّ, (K,) applied to a horse, Wide between the hind legs: (IAar, Th, T, O, * K, * TA:) and the fem. signifies wide in the أَرْفَاغ [or groins, or similar parts]; (TA;) and is applied to a mare: (IDrd, O, TA:) and wide in the vulva; (IAar, O, K;) applied in this sense to a woman. (IAar, O, TA.) and أَشَقُّ المَنْخِرَيْنِ, applied to a horse, Wide in the nostrils. (Lth, O, TA.) b2: Also, (O, K,) Tall, or long; (T, S, M, O, K;) applied to a horse; (T, S, M, K;) thus expl. by As; (T, TA;) and so too applied to a man: (M, TA:) and the fem., as above, applied to a mare. (S.) b3: And, applied to a horse, That goes to the right and left in his running, (JK, * O, K, TA, [in the CK, يَسْبِقُ is erroneously put for يَشْتَقُّ, and in like manner in my MS. copy of the K, with the additional mistranscription of من عَدْوِهِ for فِى عَدْوِهِ,]) as though (O, TA) leaning upon one of his sides: (JK, O, TA:) so says Lth; and he cites as an ex., وَتَبَازَيْتُ كَمَا يَمْشِى الأَشَقُّ [as though meaning And I moved my posteriors in walking, like as goes the horse that inclines to the right and left in his running: but this may be rendered and I stepped wide, like as does the tall, or long-bodied, horse]. (O, TA.) مَشَقٌّ [properly A place of cleaving, splitting, &c.: and hence a fissure, cleft, &c., like شَقٌّ: pl. مَشَاقُّ]: see شَقٌّ. b2: مَشَقُّ العَيْنِ [The slit of the eye]. (TA in art. حوص.) مَشَقَّةٌ [said in the S and K to be an inf. n. of شَقَّ trans. by means of عَلَى]: see شِقٌّ, in the last quarter of the paragraph, in two places.

شق: لا يشق غباره: تعبير مستحدث على ما يبدو، من الشاعر النابغة الذبياني، وهو تعبير يرتد أصله إلى سباق الخيل. وهو بالضبط: الغبار الذي لا ينشق ولا يخترق بمعنى الفارس الذي يتقدم منافسيه إلى مدى لا يستطيعون إدراك الغبار الذي أثاره. وهذا الكلام يقال للرجل الشهير، الذي لا قرين له، الذي يسبق الآخرين (دي سلان في ترجمته لابن خلكان 1، 50، خلكان 1، 26، 7، سلين، المقري 2، 189، 12، 354، 12): وقد عارضه كثيرون فما شقّوا له غباراً.
شُقّت خَشِبية السيف إذا صقل السيف وسقى الماء (ديوان الهذليين 27، 3، 76، 3، 142، 36).
شُق عنه: يقال عن الطفل الذي يسحب من رحم أمه بالعملية القيصرية (معجم أبي الفداء).
شق: احدث خطوطاً. (بوشر). شق الارض بالسكة: اصطلاح من اصطلاحات الحراثة وأسم المصدر شِقاق، وهو الحرث الأول للأرض.
شق: حين يكون الفعل بمعنى اجتاز أو جاز أو عبر أو قطع لا يمكن أن يستعمل وحده بل يقال شق في؛ وكذلك الأمر مع شق ب فيقال: جزيرتان تشق السفن بينهما (معجم الإدريسي).
شق شقةً: تنزه، جال في نزهة (ألف ليلة 3، 444، 9) شق على: مرّ بفلان، رآه في أثناء مروره، زار (بوشر).
شق: على المريض: عاده (محيط المحيط) فتح من القناة ساقية (معجم الطرائف).
شق: تعب (معجم الادريسي).
شق على جرح: ضمد جرحاً (بوشر).
شاقة الطاعة: رفض طاعة فلان، ثار عليه (تاريخ البربرية 2، 3، 4): نابذوه العهد وشاقوه الطاعة.
أرض متشققة: الأرض التي فيها المزيد من الشقوق أو الحفر (بكري 56، 1517، 7 وعوادي 1، 42) انشق غماً، أنشق غيظاً (الكالا: Rebentar de Enojo) .
أشتق: استمد ماء الساقية من القناة (معجم الطرائف، دي ساس كرست 11، 24 وانظر جاز وعبر).
شق: اشطب من فريتاج الجملة الآتية: Prodiit manafistus evasit إذ إنه ذهب إلى هذا المعنى في ترجمته للمقامة الحريرية 21 أي 212 طبعة 9 دي ساسي؛ فأخطأ في كتابة هذه الكلمة لأن الفعل هناك كان: شف بالفاء.
شق: الموضع الذي بين ساقي الرجل في الجزء الذي يتصل بالجسم وجذعه (انتار 6، 5 والمعنى نفسه عند كوسج وكرست 87، 6 الذي يدعوه مشّق).
شق: مشكاة، ثغرة في سمك الحائط يوضع فيها تمثال .. الخ (بوشر).
خرقت شقوق البربر: صفوفهم (نويري أسبانيا 483).
شق: خط حراثة الأرض الأول (انظر ما تقدم) شُقّ: خشخاش (روولف 118).
شقَّة جمعها شقاق: فتحة (الكالا hendedura ومرادفاتها) صدع: فلع فلق. ثغرة (بوشر).
شق: نزهة في جولة واحدة.
شق: جولة في عدة مواضع، جولة سنوية أو دورية (بوشر).
شق: زيارة طبية.
شقة: جانب؛ على شقة: على جانب، من جانب. بانحراف (بوشر).
شق: قطعة: شقة القلوب والأكباد (مولر 85، 2) يوضح هذا بقوله: كلما زادت قيمة الشيء، زاد تمسكنا به أي القطعة منه.
شقة: جزء (بوشر).
شقة: جذمة (بوشر).
شقة: هي قطعة قماش ولاسيما شقة الكتان (كارتاس 36، 16) قطعة من نسيج كتان (الكالا): (شيء من شقة Tela de Cedaco, Lencal Cosa de Lienco) أو قطعة من جوخ أو صوف (بوشر).
في قوانين غرناطة نجد كلمة شوقا مثلما نجد شقة.
ومن هناك نجد: قطعة قماش من كتان أو شعر العمر الذي تصنع منه الــخيمــة، (زاتشر 22، 143 وعنده: شِقّة جمعها شقاق).
في (بركهارت سوريا) ص91: خيمــة مضيفنا غاية في الإحكام، لأنها مصنوعة من الشق الذي يتعاقب فيه اللونان الأبيض والأسود أو القماش المصنوع من شعر العنز.
جمع الكلمة لا يقتصر على: شقاق فحسب بل تجمع على أشقاق (باين سميث) 1632، (بار على طبعه هوفمان رقم 4515).
شِقة: (بمعنى التعميم) خيمــة كبيرة دائرية الشكل (مملوك 1، 1، 192، 2، 2، 12).
شِقة: هي قاطع أو فاصل من القماش يحيط بالــخيمــة ويسمر سرا برده (مملوك 2، 2، 212).
شِقة: مثل شِق وهو نصف فراش الدواب المزدوج أو إحدى السلّتين (جوب 178، 6 ابن بطوطة 1، 404، 2، 148) (كاترمير هو الذي دون العبارة الأخيرة إلا إن مملوك 101 لم يستطيع فهمها).
شِقة: مِقرعة الباب (مملوك).
شقة من دار: قسم رئيس من مسكن (بوشر).
شقة الرصاص: صفيحة الرصاص (مملوك 2، 2، 212).
شقة وجمعها شقق: الشق في الحائط وغيره (فوك).
شقَّة: الجوانب الأربعة للكعب أو العُظيمة التي تبرز النقرة التي فيه (معجم الأسبانية 254) وجع الشقة: الصداع (محيط المحيط).
شقيق: خشخاش منثور (بوشر مولر 22، 4، ابن الجزائر، زاد المسافر: شقيق النعمان وهي الحببورا).
شقيق القرن: خشخاش مقرون ومقرن وبحري وأقرن وما ميثاء وباللاتينية Glaucium ou Parot Cornu ( بوشر).
شقيق الماء، حوذان؛ صغير. (بوشر).
شقائق (جمع): حرير (فوك).
شقيقة: رباط، لفافة (دي ساسي وكريست: وتلبس دنّيّة طويلة سوداء بشقائق صفر طوال مدلاة على صدرك.).
شقيقة - انظر أصل تسمية الورد المسمى شقائق النعمان عند ابن خلكان 1، 370 وسلين 2، 57؛ والخشخاش (مولر 22).
شُقّيق: خشخاش (بوشر) وهو من كلام العامة (محيط المحيط 475).
شقاق: صانع البياضات وبائعها تاجر الأقمشة القطنية أو الكتانية (فوك) (الكالا).
شاقق: بارز، منبثق (بوشر).
مشّق (انظر شق) هي عند ابن البيطار ص188 جزء 4: ودع واحدة ودعة وهي مناقف صغار تخرج من البحر يزين بها الإكليل وهي بيضاء في بطونها مشق كمشق النواة.
مشقق: كثير الكهوف (الكالا). (البكري 56، ياقوت 1، 456 وضع كلمة أرض متشققة بدلاً من ارض مشققة).
مشقوق، صنوبرة مشقوقة من حالها (الكالا).
مشاقق: منشق، منفصل، خارجي (بوشر).
اشتقاق: إنبثاق، انبعاث (بوشر).
اشتقاقي: (بوشر).
انشقاق: غرق (الكالا).

زَوْراءُ:
تأنيث الأزور، وهو المائل، والازورار عن الشيء: العدول عنه والانحراف، ومنه سميت القوس الزوراء لميلها، وبه سميت دجلة بغداد الزوراء، والزوراء: أرض كانت لأحيحة بن الجلاح، وفيها يقول:
استغن أو مت ولا يغررك ذو نسب ... من ابن عمّ ولا عمّ ولا خال
يلوون ما عندهم عن حقّ جارهم ... وعن عشيرتهم والمال بالوالي
فاجمع ولا تحقرن شيئا تجمّعه، ... ولا تضيعنّه يوما على حال
إنّي أقيم على الزّوراء أعمرها، ... إنّ الحبيب إلى الإخوان ذو المال
بها ثلاث بناء في جوانبها، ... فكلّها عقب تسقى بإقبال
كلّ النّداء إذا ناديت يخذلني، ... إلّا ندائي، إذا ناديت، يا مالي
ما إن أقول لشيء حين أفعله ... لا أستطيع ولا ينبو على حال
سميت ببئر كانت فيها، والزوراء: البئر البعيدة القعر، وأرض زوراء: بعيدة. والزوراء أيضا:
دار عثمان بن عفّان، رضي الله عنه، بالمدينة، والزوراء: أرض بذي خيم في قول تميم بن مقبل:
من أهل قرن فما اخضلّ العشاء له ... حتى تنوّر بالزوراء من خيم
قال الأزهري: ومدينة الزوراء ببغداد في الجانب الشرقي، سمّيت الزوراء لازورار في قبلتها، وقال غيره: الزوراء مدينة أبي جعفر المنصور، وهي في الجانب الغربي، وهو أصحّ ممّا ذهب إليه الأزهري بإجماع أهل السير، قالوا: إنّما سميت الزوراء لأنّه لما عمّرها جعل الأبواب الداخلة مزورّة عن الأبواب الخارجة أي ليست على سمتها، وفيها يقول بعضهم:
ودّ أهل الزوراء زور فلا ... تغترر بالوداد من ساكنيها
هي دار السّلام حسب فلا ... يطمع منها بغير ما قيل فيها
والزوراء: دار بناها النعمان بن المنذر بالحيرة، قال ابن السكيت: وحدثني من رآها وزعم أن أبا جعفر المنصور هدمها، وفيها يقول النابغة:
وأنت ربيع ينعش النّاس سيبه، ... وسيف أعيرته المنيّة قاطع
وتسقي إذا ما شئت غير مصرّد ... بزوراء في أكنافها المسك كارع
والزوراء: موضع عند سوق المدينة قرب المسجد، قال الداودي: هو مرتفع كالمنارة، وقيل: بل الزوراء سوق المدينة نفسه، ومنه حديث ابن عبّاس، رضي الله عنه، أنّه سمع صياح أهل الزوراء، وإياه عنى الفرزدق:
تحنّ بزوراء المدينة ناقتي، ... حنين عجول تركب البوّ رائم
ويا ليت زوراء المدينة أصبحت ... بزوراء فلج أو بسيف الكواظم
قال ابن السكيت في قول النابغة:
ظلّت أقاطيع أنعام مؤبّلة ... لدى صليب على الزوراء منصوب
الزوراء: ماء لبني أسد، وقال الأصمعي: الزوراء هي رصافة هشام وكانت للنعمان وفيها كان يكون، وإليها كانت تنتهي غنائمه، وكان عليها صليب لأنّه كان نصرانيّا، وكان يسكنها بنو حنيفة، وكانت أدنى بلاد الشام إلى الشيح والقيصوم، قال:
وليس للزوراء ماء لكنهم سمعوا قول القائل:
ظلّت أقاطيع أنعام مؤبّلة ... لدى صليب على الزوراء منصوب
فظنوا أنّه ماء لهم وليس هناك ماء وإنما نصبوا الصليب تبركا به. وزوراء فلج، وفلج: ما بين الرّحيل إلى المجازة، وهي أوّل الدهناء. وزلفة وزوراء:
ماءان لبني أسد، وقال الحسين بن مطير:
ألا حبّذا ذات السّلام، وحبّذا ... أجارع ووعساء التّقيّ فدورها
ومن مرقب الزوراء أرض حبيبة ... إلينا محاني متنها وظهورها
وسقيا لأعلى الواديين وللرّحى ... إذا ما بدا يوما لعينك نورها
تحمّل منها الحيّ لما تلهّبت ... لهم وغرة الشعرى وهبّت حرورها
قال بطليموس في كتاب الملحمة: مدينة الزوراء
طولها مائة وخمس درجات، وعرضها تسع وثلاثون درجة، وهي في الإقليم الخامس، طالعها تسع درجات من العقرب، لها شركة من الدبران تحت خمس عشرة درجة من السرطان، يقابلها مثلها من الجدي، بيت عاقبتها مثلها من الميزان، بيت ملكها مثلها من الحمل، قلت: لا أدري أنا هذه الزوراء أين موقعها وما أظنها إلّا في بلاد الروم.