شرف

1 شَرُفَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. شَرَفٌ (S, * O, * Msb, * K, TA) and شَرَافَةٌ, (TA,) said of a man, (S, O, TA,) He was, or became, high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) [in rank, condition, or estimation,] in respect of religion or of worldly things: (K, TA:) [generally meaning he was high-born, or noble:] part. n. شَرِيفٌ [q. v.]. (S, O, Msb, K, TA.) [See also شَرَفٌ, below.] b2: [Hence one says,] شَرُفَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ His soul was above the thing; disdained, or scorned, it. (L in art. انف.) b3: شَرَفَتِ النَّاقَةُ, and شَرُفَت, (O, K,) aor. of each ـُ inf. n. شُرُوفٌ, (K,) reg. as of the former verb, and irreg. as of the latter, (TA,) The she-camel was, or became, such as is termed شَارِفٌ [q. v.]. (O, K.) A2: شَرَفَهُ, aor. ـُ (IJ, S, O, K, TA,) inf. n. شَرْفٌ, (TA,) He overcame him, or surpassed him, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]; (IJ, S, O, K, TA;) and so شَرُفَ عَلَيْهِ: (Z, TA:) or he excelled him (طَالَهُ, K, TA, in the CK [erroneously] طاوَلَهُ,) in the grounds of pretension to respect or honour (فِى الحَسَبِ). (K, TA.) See 3. b2: شَرَفَ الحَائِطَ, (K, TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَرْفٌ, (TA,) He put to the wall a شُرْفَة [q. v.]. (K, TA.) [See also 2.]

A3: شَرِفَتِ الأُذُنُ, and شَرِفَ المَنْكِبُ, aor. ـَ (K, TA,) inf. n. شَرَفٌ, (TA,) The ear, and in like manner the shoulder, was, or became, high, (K, TA,) and prominent: or, as some say, stood up. (TA.) A4: And شَرِفَ, [from شَرَفٌ signifying the “ hump ” of a camel,] (O, K,) said of a man, (O,) He kept constantly, or continually, to the eating of the [camel's] hump. (O, K.) 2 شرّفهُ, inf. n. تَشْرِيفٌ, He (God) rendered him high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, [in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled him:] (S, KL, * PS: *) and he held him, or esteemed him, to be so. (MA, PS.) ISd thinks that the verb may also mean He regarded with more, or exceeding, honour. (TA.) [And Golius explains it as meaning He decked with a royal garment; on the authority of the KL; in my copy of which I find no other meaning assigned to it than the first mentioned above.] One says, شَرَّفَ اللّٰهُ الكَعْبَةَ, (O, K, TA,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) [God rendered, or may God render, the Kaabeh an object of honour, or glorious,] from الشَّرَفُ, (O, K, TA,) i. e. المَجْدُ. (TA.) [تَشْرِيفٌ is also used as a subst. properly so called; and as such is expl. by itself in this art.] b2: Also He put to it شُرَف [pl. of شُرْفَةٌ, q. v.]; (O, K;) namely, his house, (K,) or a [palace, or pavilion, or other building such as is called] قَصْر, &c.; inf. n. as above. (O.) [See also شَرَفَ الحَائِطَ.] b3: شرّف المَرْبَأَ, expl. in the K as syn. with اشرفهُ and شارفهُ, is a mistake for تشرّفهُ [q. v.]. (TA.) b4: شرّف النَّاقَةَ, inf. n. as above, means He almost severed the teats of the she-camel by binding them [tightly] with the صِرَار [q. v.]: (IAar, O, TA:) this being done for the preservation of her [stoutness of] body, and her fatness, so that burdens may be put upon her in the coming year. (TA.) b5: [شرّف, app. for شرّف العُنُقَ, is also said by Reiske, as mentioned by Freytag in his Lexicon, to signify He (a camel going along) raised the neck: but his authority for this is not stated.]3 شارفهُ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. مُشَارَفَةٌ, (TA,) He vied with him, or contended with him for superiority, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]; (S, O, K, TA;) ↓ فَشَرَفَهُ and he overcame, or surpassed, him therein. (TA.) b2: See also 5. b3: Also He was, or became, near to it; he drew near to it, or approached it; namely, a thing: and he was, or became, near to attaining it, [and in like manner شارف عَلَيْهِ, as used in the S and K in the beginning of art. بلغ, he was, or became, at the point of reaching it, or attaining it, namely, a place,] or of obtaining it, or getting possession of it: [and he was, or became, at the point of experiencing it, (See Bd in lxxviii. 14,) and doing it; followed by أَنْ and an aor. :] and, as some say, he looked for it, or expected it; his mind told him of it; he looked for its coming to pass. (TA.) See also 4, in two places.4 اشرف It rose; or it was, or became, high or elevated; [so as to overtop, or overlook, what was around it or adjacent to it: overtopped, surmounted, overpeered, overlooked, overhung; was, or became, protuberant, prominent, or projecting: and rose into view, came within sight or view, or became within a commanding, or near, view:] said of a place [&c.]. (Msb.) One says of a piece of ground, أَشْرَفَ عَلَى مَا حَوْلَهُ [It rose above, or overtopped, what was around it]. (Sh, TA.) And أَشْرَفَ لِى شَرَفٌ فَمَا زِلْتُ أَرْكُضُ حَتَّى

عَلَوْتُهُ [An eminence rose into view to me, and I ceased not to urge on my beast until I ascended, or mounted, upon it]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] أَشْرَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ I looked upon it, or viewed it, (S, O, Msb, K, *) from above; (S, O, K;) [I overlooked it, or looked down upon it: and I came in sight of it: got a view of it: and got knowledge of it; became acquainted with it; or knew it: all of which meanings may be intended to be conveyed by the explanation in the Msb, which is اِطَّلَعْتُ عَلَيْهِ:] and الشَّىْءَ ↓ شَارَفْتُ signifies the same as أَشْرَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ [app. in the first of the senses expl. in this sentence, as well as in another sense expl. in what follows]: (S, O:) and ↓ شَارَفُوهُمْ signifies the same as أَشْرَفُوا عَلَيْهِمْ. (TA.) b3: And اشرف عَلَى المَوْتِ He (a sick man) was, or became, on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of death. (O, K.) and اشرف بِهِ عَلَى المَوْتِ [He made him to be on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of death]. (T and K in art. ذرف.) b4: And أَشْرَفَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَلَى شَىْءٍ

His soul was vehemently eager for a thing. (Mgh. [See also 10.]) إِشْرَافٌ signifies The being eager, and the being vehemently eager: and hence the saying, in a trad., مَنْ أَخَذَ الدُّنْيَا بِإِشْرَافِ نَفْسٍ

لَمْ يُبَارَكْ لَهُ فِيهَا [Whoso takes the enjoyments of the present world with eagerness, or vehement eagerness, of soul, he will not be blessed therein]. (TA.) b5: And اشرف عَلَيْهِ He regarded him with solicitous affection or pity or compassion. (O, * K.) b6: [And اشرف لِى He, or it, came within sight, or view, to me; or came within a commanding, or near, view of me: see an ex. voce أَجْهَدَ; and another voce رَبَأَ.] b7: And [hence,] اشرف لَكَ الشَّىْءُ The thing became, or has become, within thy power or reach; or possible, practicable, or easy, to thee. (TA.) A2: See also 5, in two places.5 تشرّف, said of a man, is from الشَّرَفُ, (O,) and signifies صَارَ مُشَرَّفًا [He became elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled]. (K.) b2: تشرّف بِهِ He became elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled; by, or by means of, him, or it: (MA:) [or he gloried, or prided himself, by reason of it, or in it; i. e.] he reckoned it, (S,) or regarded it, (O,) as a glory or an honour [to himself], (S, O,) and a favour. (O.) A2: تشرّف المَرْبَأَ, (S, O, TA,) in the K, erroneously, شَرَّفَهُ; (TA;) and ↓ اشرفهُ; (S, O, K;) and ↓ شارفهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُشَارَفَةٌ; (TA;) He (a man, S, O) ascended, or mounted, upon the elevated place of observation. (S, O, K.) And الشَّىْءَ ↓ اشرف and عَلَى الشَّىْءِ signify the same as [تشرّفهُ and] تشرّف عَلَيْهِ, i. e. He ascended, or mounted, upon the thing. (TA.) b2: It is said in a trad., with reference to certain future trials, or conflicts and factions, (فِتَن,) مَنْ

↓ تَشَرَّفَ لَهَا تَسْتَشْرِفْهُ i. e. Whoso finds a place of refuge [for escaping, or avoiding them, let them invite him, or cause him, to seek, or take, refuge, virtually meaning] let him seek, or take, refuge therein. (O, TA. *) A3: تُشُرِّفَ القَوْمُ The people, or party, had their أَشْرَاف [or eminent, or noble, men, pl. of شَرِيف,] slain. (O, K.) 8 اشترف He, or it, stood up, or upright, or erect; (S, O, TA;) and (TA) so ↓ استشرف [if this be not a mistranscription, which I incline to think it may be as the former verb (of which see the part. n. below) is not mentioned in the K]. (K, TA.) 10 استشرف الشَّىْءَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and لِلشَّىْءِ, (Msb in art. طمح,) He raised his eyes (S, O, Msb, K) towards the thing, (O, K,) or to look at the thing, (Msb,) or looking at the thing, (S,) and expanded his hand over his eyebrow like as does he who shades [his eyes] from the sun. (S, O, K.) A poet says, تَطَالَلْتُ وَاسْتَشْرَفْتُهُ فَرَأَيْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ آأَنْتَ زَيْدُ الأَرَامِلِ [I stretched up myself, and raised my eyes towards him, expanding my hand over my eyebrow like him who is shading his eyes from the sun; and I said to him, Art thou Zeyd-el-Arámil?]. (O.) b2: Hence, (TA,) أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَسْتَشْرِفَ العَيْنَ وَالأُذُنَ, (Mgh, * O, K, TA,) in a trad. (O, TA) relating to the sheep or goat to be slaughtered as a victim on the day of sacrifice, (TA,) means We have been commanded to pay much attention to the eye and the ear, and to examine them carefully, in order that there may not be any such defect as blindness of one eye or mutilation (Mgh, * O, K, TA) of an ear: (TA:) or, (Mgh, O,) as some say, (O,) [in the K “ that is,”] to seek that they be of high estimation, by being perfect (Mgh, * O, K) and sound: (Mgh, O:) or, accord. to some, it is from الشُّرْفَةُ signifying “ the choice ones,” or “ best,” of cattle; and the meaning is, we have been commanded to select them. (TA.) b3: And يَسْتَشْرِفُ مَعَالِىَ الأُمُورِ (tropical:) He desires, or seeks, [or raises his eye to,] the means of attaining eminence. (Msb in art. شوف.) b4: استشرف إِبِلَهُمْ means He (a man) smote their camels with the [evil] eye; syn. تَعَيَّنَهَا: (S, TA:) or he looked at them (تعيّنها) to smite them with the [evil] eye. (TA.) b5: استشرفهُ حَقَّهُ He defrauded him of his right, or due. (O, K.) A2: See also 5: A3: and 8.

Q. Q. 1 شَرْيَفْتُ الزَّرْعَ I cut off the شِرْيَاف [q. v.] of the seed-produce; (S, O;) and so شَرْنَفْتُهُ: (O and K * in art. شرنف:) of the dial. of El-Yemen: but Az doubts whether the word be with ن; and the ى and ن are both held by him to be augmentative. (O.) شَرْفٌ: see the next paragraph, near the end.

شَرَفٌ Highness, elevation, exaltation, or eminence, [in rank, condition, or estimation, in respect of religion or of worldly things: (see the first sentence of this art.:)] (S, O, Msb, K:) [generally meaning high birth:] glory, honour, dignity, or nobility; syn. مَجْدٌ: or not unless [transmitted] by ancestors: (K:) [for] accord. to ISk, شَرَفٌ and مَجْدٌ may not be unless [transmitted] by ancestors; but حَسَبٌ and كَرَمٌ may be in a man though he have not ancestors [endowed therewith]: (O:) or, (K,) accord. to IDrd, (O,) it signifies highness of حَسَب [which means grounds of pretension to respect or honour, consisting in any qualities (either of oneself or of one's ancestors) which are enumerated, or recounted, as causes of glorying]: (O, K:) and ↓ شُرْفَةٌ signifies the same as شَرَفٌ; (TA;) or the same as فَضْلٌ and شَرَفٌ [meaning a favour and a glory or an honour]; as in the saying, أَعُدُّ إِتْيَانَكُمٌ شُرْفَةً [I reckon your coming a favour, and a glory or an honour]; (O, K;) and أَرَى ذٰلِكَ شُرْفَةً [I regard that as a favour, and a glory or an honour]: (O:) the pl. of شَرَفٌ is أَشْرَافٌ, like as that of سَبَبٌ is أَسْبَابٌ. (TA.) نُهْبَةٌ ذَاتُ شَرَفٍ means Spoil, or booty, of high value, at which men raise their eyes, and look, or which they smite with the [evil] eye: [see اِسْتَشْرَفَ إِبِلَهُمْ:] but the phrase is also related with س. (TA. See سَرَفٌ.) b2: See also شَرِيفٌ, with which, or with the pls. of which, it is said to be syn. b3: Also An elevated place; an eminence: (S, Mgh, O, K:) accord. to Sh, any piece of ground that overtops what is around it, whether extended or not, only about ten cubits, or five, in length, of little or much breadth in its upper surface: (TA:) pl. أَشْرَافٌ: (TA voce وَطْءٌ:) and مَشَارِفُ الأَرْضِ signifies the high, or elevated, places, or parts, of the earth or ground: (S, Msb, K:) sing. ↓ مَشْرَفٌ, with fet-h to the م and ر. (Msb. [See also مُشْرَفٌ.]) A poet says, آتِى النَّدِىَّ فَلَا يُقَرَّبُ مَجْلِسِى

وَأَقُودُ لِلشَّرَفِ الرَّفِيعِ حِمَارِى

[I come to the assembly, and my sitting-place is not made near to the chief person or persons, and I lead to the high elevated place my ass]: he means, I have become unsound in my intellect in consequence of old age, so that no profit is gotten from my opinion, and I am not able to mount my ass from the ground, unless from a high place. (S.) b4: [Hence, (tropical:) The brink, verge, or point, of some event of great magnitude, or of any importance: not well expl. as meaning] the being on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of some event of great importance, good or evil: (O, K:) one says in the case of good, هُوَ عَلَى شَرَفٍ مِنْ قَضَآءِ حَاجَتِهِ (tropical:) [He is at the point of accomplishing the object of his want]: and in the case of evil, هُوَ عَلَى شَرَفٍ مِنَ الهَلَاكِ (tropical:) [He is on the brink, &c., of destruction]. (O, TA.) b5: And (tropical:) The hump of a camel. (O, K, TA.) b6: And app. sing. of أَشْرَافٌ in a sense expl. below: see the latter word. (TA.) A2: And A heat; a single run, or a run at once, to a goal, or limit: (O, K:) or, (K,) accord. to Fr, about a mile: (O, K:) or about two miles. (TA as from the K and on the authority of Fr.) One says, عَدَا شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْنِ [He ran a heat, or two heats]: (O:) and [in like manner,] اِسْتَنَّتٌ شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْنِ, (O, K,) occurring in a trad., said of a mare, or of horses. (O.) A3: Also, (O, TA,) accord. to IAar, (O,) A red clay or earth: and i. q. مَغْرَةٌ [i. e. red ochre]; as also ↓ شَرْفٌ: accord. to Lth, a kind of trees, having a red dye: and said to be the same as [the Pers\.] دار پرنيان [i. e.

دَارْ پَرْنِيَان, meaning Brazil-wood, which is commonly called in Arabic بَقَّم]. (O, TA: * in the former of which, the Pers\. word here mentioned is written without the points to the پ; and in the latter, الدابرنيان.) شُرْفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, first quarter. b2: Also The choice ones, or best, of مَال [meaning cattle]. (S, O, K.) b3: The شُرْفَة of a [palace, or pavilion, or other building such as is called] قَصْر (S, O, Msb, K) [and of a mosque] is well-known; (K;) [An acroterial ornament, forming a single member of a cresting of a wall or of the crown of a cornice, generally of a fanciful form, and pointed, or small, at the top:] pl. شُرَفٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA,) a pl. of mult., and شُرُفَاتٌ and شُرَفَاتٌ and شُرْفَاتٌ, which are pls. of pauc., or, as some say, شرفات [i. e.

شُرُفَاتٌ] is pl. of ↓ شُرُفَةٌ, with two dammehs: EshShiháb says that شُرْفَات is expl. as meaning the highest portions of a قَصْر; but what are thus termed are only what are built on the top of a wall, distinct from one another, [side by side, like merlons of a parapet,] according to a well-known form: (TA:) the شُرْفَة is what is called by the [common] people ↓ شُرَّافَة: (Ham p. 824:) the شُرَّافَة of a mosque is a word used by the lawyers, and is one of their mistakes, as IB has notified: so says MF: its pl. is شَرَارِيفُ. (TA.) b4: The شُرُفَات (thus with two dammehs, K) of a horse are The neck and قَطَاة [i. e. croup, or rump, or part between the hips or haunches,] thereof. (O, K.) شُرُفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَرِيفٌ High, elevated, exalted, or eminent, (S, O, * Msb, K, TA,) [in rank, condition, or estimation,] in respect of religion or of worldly things: (TA:) [generally meaning high-born, or noble:] possessing glory, honour, dignity, or nobility: or such, and having also [such] ancestry: (TA:) [using it as not implying highness, or nobility, of ancestry,] you say, هُوَ شَرِيفٌ اليَوْمَ [He is high, or noble, to-day], and عَنْ قَلِيلٍ ↓ شَارِفٌ as meaning one who will be شَرِيف [after a little while]: (Fr, S, K:) the pl. [of pauc.] is أَشْرَافٌ and [of mult.]

شُرَفَآءُ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ شَرَفٌ, so in the K, app. denoting that this last is one of the pls. of شريف, and it is said in the O that شَرَفٌ is syn. with شُرَفَآءُ; but in the L it is said that it is syn. with شَرِيفٌ; and hence the saying هُوَ شَرَفُ قَوْمِهِ meaning He is the شَرِيف of his people, and كَرَمُهُمْ meaning the كَرِيم of them; and thus it has been expl. as used in a trad.: (TA:) [but both these assertions are probably correct; for it seems to be, agreeably with analogy, an inf. n. used as an epithet, and therefore applicable to a single person and to a pl. number, and also to two persons, and likewise to a female as well as to a male.] b2: [By the modern Arabs, and the Turks and Persians, it is also applied, as a title of honour, to Any descendant of the Prophet; like سَيِّد. And, with the article ال, particularly to the descendant of the Prophet who is The governor of Mekkeh; now always a vassal of the Turkish Sultán.]

شُرَافِىٌّ, applied to a [lizard of the kind called]

ضَبّ, and to a jerboa, Large in the ears, and in the body: (TA:) and so شُرَافِيَّةٌ applied to a she-camel; (O, K, TA;) as also ↓ شَرْفَآءُ. (TA.) and أُذُنٌ شُرَافِيَّةٌ i. q. شُفَارِيَّةٌ [q. v.], (K, TA,) or An ear that is high, long, and having hair upon it. (IDrd, O, TA.) See also أُذُنٌ شَرْفَآءُ, voce أَشْرَفُ. b2: Also A kind of white garments or cloths: (O, K: *) or a garment, or piece of cloth, that is purchased from a country of the foreigners adjacent to the land of the Arabs. (As, O, K. *) شُرَّافَةٌ; pl. شَرَارِيفُ: see شُرْفَةٌ.

شِرْيَافٌ (S, O, K) and شِرْنَافٌ (O and K in art. شرنف) [but see Q. Q. 1] The leaves of seedproduce that have become so long and abundant that one fears its becoming marred; wherefore they are cut off. (S, O, K.) شَارِفٌ: see شَرِيفٌ. b2: Applied to a she-camel, (assumed tropical:) High [app. meaning much advanced] in age: (A, TA:) or advanced in age; (S, O, K;) decrepit; (IAar, K;) as also شَارِفَةٌ: (K:) [see دَلُوقٌ, in three places:] pl. شُرْفٌ, like بُزْلٌ and عُوذٌ pls. of بَازِلٌ and عَائِذٌ, (S, O,) or شُرُفٌ, like كُتُبٌ, (K,) or the latter is allowable in poetry, (O,) or the former is a contraction of the latter, (IAth, TA,) and شَوَارِفُ [also pl. of شَارِفَةٌ] (O, K) and شُرَّفٌ and شُرُوفٌ: (K:) it is said that شَارِفٌ is not applied to the he-camel; but it is so applied, as well as to the she-camel, accord. to the Towsheeh of El-Jelál. (TA.) Hence, as being likened to black decrepit she-camels, (Aboo-Bekr, TA,) الشُّرُفُ الجُونُ, with two dammehs, [which I think a mistake, unless it mean with a dammeh to each word,] (K,) or الشَّرْفُ الجُونُ, (O, IAth, TA,) occurring in a trad., meaning (assumed tropical:) [Trials, or conflicts and factions,] like portions of the dark night: (O, * K, * TA:) thus expl. by the Prophet: (O, TA:) but some relate it otherwise, with ق, (K,) saying الشُّرْقُ الجون, pl. of شَارِقٌ, (O, * TA,) meaning “ [trials, &c.,] rising (O, K, TA) from the direction of the east. ” (O, TA.) b3: Also applied to an arrow, as meaning Old: (S, O, K:) and applied to a garment or a piece of cloth [app. in the same sense]: (A and TA voce طَرِيدٌ:) or an arrow long since laid by [expl. by بَعِيدُ العَهْدِ بِالصِّيَابَةِ; but I think that the right reading is بعيد العهد لِالصِّيَانَةِ, and have assumed this to be the case in my rendering]: or of which the feathers and the sinews [wherewith they are bound] have become uncompact: or slender and long. (TA.) b4: دَنٌّ شَارِفٌ [A wine-jar] of which the wine is old. (TA.) b5: And شَارِفٌ [alone] A receptacle for wine, such as a خَابِيَة and the like thereof. (O, K.) الشَّارُوفُ A kind of cord or rope; syn. حَبْلٌ: [so in the O, and in one of my copies of the S: in my other copy of the S, and in the K, جَبَلٌ, i. e. the name of a certain mountain:] a postclassical word. (S, O.) b2: And شَارُوفٌ also signifies A broom: (S, O, K:) a Pers\. word, (S,) arabicized, from جَارُوبٌ, (O, K,) originally جَاىْ رُوبْ, which means “ a place-sweeper. ” (O.) أَشْرَفُ [More, and most, high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, in rank, condition, or estimation; &c.; generally meaning more, and most, high-born or noble; (see شَرِيفٌ;)] surpassing in شَرَف. (S, O.) b2: مَنْكِبٌ أَشْرَفُ A high shoulder; (S, O, K;) such as has a goodly rising; which implies what is termed إِهْدَآء [inf. n. of أَهْدَأَهُ, and here app. meaning the “ being curved in the back ”]. (TA.) And أُذُنٌ شَرْفَآءُ A long ear; (S, O, K;) standing up; rising above what is next to it: and so اذن ↓ شُرَافِيَّةٌ. (TA.) b3: See also شُرَافِىٌّ [أَشْرَفُ also signifies Having a prominent, or an apparent, ear: opposed to أَسَكُّ, q. v. b4: Hence,] الأَشْرَفُ is an appellation of The bat; (O, K, TA;) because its ears are prominent and apparent: it is bare of downy and other feathers, and is viviparous, not oviparous: so in the saying of Bishr Ibn-ElMoatemir, وَطَائِرٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَكْرُ وَطَائِرٌ أَشْرَفُ ذُو جُرْدَةٍ

[And a flying thing that has prominent and apparent ears and a denuded body, and a flying thing that has no nest]: (O, TA:) in the K is added, and another bird, that has no nest, &c.: but this is taken from an explanation of the latter hemistich of the verse cited above; which explanation is as follows: (TA:) the bird that has no nest is one of which the Bahránees [so in the TA, but accord. to the O “ the sailors,”] tell that it does not alight save while it makes, of the dust, or earth, a place in which it lays its eggs, and which it covers over; then it flies into the air, and its eggs break open of themselves at the expiration of the term thereof; and when its young ones are able to fly, they do after the habit of their parents. (O, L, TA: and the same is said, less fully, in the K.) b5: مَدِينَةٌ شَرْفَآءُ A city having شُرَف, (Mgh, O, K, *) pl. of شُرْفَةٌ [q. v.]: (O:) the pl. of أَشْرَفُ and of شَرْفَآءُ, accord. to rule, is شُرْفٌ. (Mgh. [In the copies of the K, الشُّرُفُ is erroneously said to be pl. of الشَّرْفَآءُ.]) It is said in a trad. of Ibn-' Abbás, أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَبْنِىَ المَدَائِنَ شُرْفًا وَالمَسَاجِدَ جُمًّا i. e. We have been commanded to build cities with شُرَف and mosques without شُرَف. (Mgh, O. *) أَشْرَافٌ The ears and nose of a man: (O, K, TA:) its sing. in this sense is not mentioned: it is app. ↓ شَرَفٌ; like سَبَبٌ, sing. of أَسْبَابٌ. (TA.) تَشْرِيفٌ inf. n. of 2 [q. v.]. (S &c.) b2: [and also a post-classical term applied to An honorary present, such as a garment &c.: and a letter, i. e. an epistle, considered as conferring honour: pl. تَشْرِيفَاتٌ.]

مَشْرَفٌ: see شَرَفٌ, in the middle of the paragraph: and see also what here next follows.

مُشْرَفٌ, (O, K,) like مُكْرَمٌ, (K,) or ↓ مَشْرَفٌ [q. v. voce شَرَفٌ], (so in my two copies of the S,) A place from which one overlooks, i. e. looks upon, or views, [a thing] from above. (S, O, K.) b2: Hence the saying in a trad., مَا جَآءَكَ مِنْ هٰذَا المَالِ وَأَنْتَ غَيْرُ مُشْرَفٍ وَلَا سَائِلٍ فَخْذْهُ (O, TA) i. e. [What comes to thee of this property] thou not coveting nor looking for it [nor asking it, take it]. (O.) مُشْرِفٌ [part. n. of 4;] High; (S, Mgh, Msb;) [or overtopping; &c.;] applied to a mountain, (S,) or a place. (Mgh, Msb.) سُيُوفٌ مَشْرَفِيَّةٌ Certain swords, (S, O, K,) so called in relation to مَشَارِفُ, (S,) or in relation to مَشَارِفُ الشَّامِ, (O, Msb, K,) i. e. certain towns, or villages, of the land of the Arabs, near to the رِيف [q. v.]: (S, O, Msb, K:) so says AO: (S, O:) or, as some say, this is a mistake, and they are so called in relation to a place of El-Yemen: (Msb:) [or, accord. to some, in relation to المَشَارِفُ, certain towns, or villages, near Howrán: (see De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., iii. 53:)] and it is said that مَشْرَف was the name of a blacksmith who made swords: (TA:) one says سَيْفٌ مَشْرَفِىٌّ, (S, O, Msb,) not مَشَارِفِىٌّ, because a rel. n. is not formed from a pl. of the measure of مَشَارِفُ. (S, O.) مُشَرَّفٌ [Elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled]; (K, TA;) an epithet applied to a man; from الشَّرَفُ. (TA.) A2: Also A garment, or piece of cloth, dyed with the red clay or earth [&c.] called شَرَف. (IAar, TA.) مَشْرُوفٌ (S, TA) and مَشْرُوفٌ عَلَيْهِ (Z, TA) Overcome, or surpassed, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]. (S, Z, TA.) مُشْتَرِفٌ A horse high in make. (S, O, K.)

شوف

1 شُفْتُهُ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـُ (O,) inf. n. شَوْفٌ, (O, K,) I polished it; (S, O, K;) namely, a thing, (S, O,) or an ornament of gold or silver. (Mgh.) b2: [Hence,] شِيفَتِ الجَارِيَةُ, (S, O, K,) also written شُيْفَت, (thus in one of my copies of the S, in the other written شُئِفَت, and thus only,) aor. ـَ (S, O, K,) inf. n. as above, (S,) The girl, or young woman, was adorned. (S, O, K.) b3: And [hence likewise,] شَوْفٌ also signifies The smearing of a camel with tar. (K.) One says, شُفْ بَعِيرَكَ Smear thy camel with tar. (O.) A2: [The inf. n.] شَوَفَانٌ as syn. with تَشَوُّفٌ [but in what sense is not said] is vulgar. (TA.) b2: So too is [the inf. n.] شَوْفٌ as meaning The act of seeing [and of looking]. (TA.) [شاف is much used in the present day as meaning He saw, and he looked at, a thing.]2 شوّف الجَارِيَةَ, inf. n. تَشْوِيفٌ, He adorned the girl, or young woman. (TA.) A2: شيّف الدَّوَآءَ He made the medicament to be what is termed شِيَاف [q. v.]. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) [The ى in this verb is substituted for و.]4 اشاف عَلَيْهِ i. q. أَشْرَفَ [meaning He was, or became, on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of it], (S, O, K,) namely, a thing; like أَشْفَى; (S, O;) from which it is formed by transposition. (S.) b2: And اشاف He feared. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) You say, اشاف مِنْهُ He feared him, or it. (K.) A2: See also 5, last sentence.5 تشوّف He adorned himself: (K:) or تشوّفت she (a woman, IDrd, O, or a girl, or young woman, S) adorned herself. (IDrd, S, O.) One says of a woman divorced by a sentence that admits of her returning, تُتَشَوَّفُ لِزَوْجِهَا i. e. She adorns herself for her husband, by making her face clear, and polishing her cheeks; from 1 in the first of the senses assigned to it above. (Mgh.) A2: تشوّفت الأَوْعَالُ The mountain-goats ascended upon the tops of the mountains, (Lth, O, Msb,) and looked down, (Lth, O,) to see the plain country and its freedom from those whom they feared, in order that they might repair to the water and the pasturage. (Msb.) b2: Hence, تشوّف لِكَذَا He (a man) raised, or stretched and raised, his eyes, or sight, towards such a thing: and hence the verb became used to denote hope, or expectation, and desire, or seeking. (Msb.) And تشوّف مِنَ السَّطْحِ He stretched himself up, and looked, and overlooked, or looked down, from the house-top. (K.) One says, النِّسَآءُ يَتَشَوَّفْنَ مِنَ السُّطْوحِ The women look, [or look down,] stretching themselves up, from the house-tops. (S, O.) [See also 8.] And one says also, تشوّف إِلَى الشىْءِ, (S,) or الى الخَيْرِ, (O, K,) or الى الخَبَرِ, (CK,) He looked for [the thing, or good, or the news or tidings], (S, O, K,) &c. (TA.) b3: And تشوّف الشَّىْءُ The thing rose, or became high or elevated; as also ↓ اشاف. (TA.) 8 اشتاف He (a man, S, O) stretched himself up, and looked: (S, O, K:) and in like manner one says of horses. (TA.) [See also 5.] b2: and اشتاف البَرْقَ He looked at the lightning, or at the cloud thereof, to see whither it was tending, and where it would rain; syn. شَامَهُ. (S, O, K.) A2: Also, said of a wound, It became rough, or thick; (Az, O, K;) and so ↓ استشاف, thus without hemz. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَشْوَفَ see what next precedes.

شَوْفٌ The مِجَرّ, (O, K,) i. e. a wooden implement, (O,) [meaning a harrow,] by means of which the ploughed land is made even. (O.) شَافَةٌ: see شَأْفَةٌ, in art. شأف. (TA.) شِيَافٌ Medicaments for the eye and the like: (O, K:) from 1 in the first of the senses assigned to it above: originally شِوَافٌ. (O.) شَوَّافٌ A sharp-sighted man. (TA.) شَيِّفَةٌ A scout, or scouts, (طَلِيعَةٌ,) employed to look out for a party; (IAar, S, O, K;) as also ↓ شَيِّفَانٌ. (IAar, O, K.) شَيِّفَانٌ: see what next precedes.

مَشُوفٌ Polished: applied to a دِينَار [&c.]. (S, O, K.) 'Antarah says, وَلَقَدْ شَرِبْتُ مِنَ المُدَامَةِ بَعْدَ مَا رَكَدَ الهَوَاجِرُ بَالمَشُوفِ المُعْلَمِ

[And verily I have drunk wine, after that the vehement noon-day-heats of summer had remitted, purchased with the polished, charactered deenár]: (S, O, and EM p. 237:) he means the deenár polished by the minter thereof: (TA:) or, as some say, he means the bright, charactered, or figured, bowl. (O, TA. *) b2: Also A camel smeared with tar; (O, K;) because it polishes him. (TA.) b3: And (K) accord. to AA (O, TA) and A'Obeyd, (TA,) as used by Lebeed, (O, TA,) A camel in a state of excitement by lust: (O, K: *) but as some relate the verse in which it occurs, the word is with س, and means “ smelt ”

by the [other] camels because smeared with tar. (O, TA.) b4: And, (K,) as some say, (O, TA,) it means [A camel] decorated with wools of various colours, and with other things. (O, K. [In the CK, المُزَيِّنُ is erroneously put for المُزَيَّنُ.]) مُشَوَّفَةٌ like مُعَظَّمَةٌ [in measure], A woman who exposes herself to view in order that men may see her. (Aboo-'Alee, TA.)

شنق

1 شَنَقَ البَعِيرَ, aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb, K) and شَنِقَ, (M, K,) inf. n. شَنْقٌ, (S, M, Msb,) He curbed the camel by means of his زِمَام [or nose-rein], (S, K,) or pulled the خِطَام [or halter, or leadingrope,] of the camel, (M,) while riding him, (S, M,) in the direction of his [own] head, (M,) so as to make the prominences behind his [the camel's] ears cleave to the upright piece of wood rising from the fore part of the saddle: (M, K:) or he raised the camel's head (M, Msb, K) by pulling his زِمَام, (M, Msb,) while riding him, (Msb, K,) like as the rider of the horse does with his horse: (Msb:) and ↓ اشنقهُ signifies the same: (S, M, Msb, K:) or ↓ اشنق is intrans.; you say, شَنَقَ البَعِيرَ and هُوَ ↓ اشنق, the reverse of the usual rule; (IJ, M;) or the latter is intrans. also; (S, Msb, K;) signifying he (the camel) raised his head. (S, M, Msb, K. *) b2: Hence, شَنَقْتُهَا, occurring in a trad., referring to a female hare, inf. n. as above, means, as implying restraint, I cast, or shot, at her, or I struck her, so as to render her incapable of motion. (O.) b3: And شَنَقَ البَعِيرَ, or النَّاقَةَ, (M, K,) inf. n. as above, (M,) He bound the he-camel, or the she-camel, with the شِنَاق [q. v.]. (M, K.) b4: And شَنَقَ رَأْسَ الدَّابَّةِ, (M,) or رَأْسَ الفَرَسِ, (K,) (tropical:) He bound (M, K) the head of the beast, (M,) or the head of the horse, (K,) to the upper part of a tree, (M,) or to the head of a tree, or to a tree, (accord. to different copies of the K,) or to a peg, (M,) or to an elevated peg, (K,) so that his neck became extended and erect. (M, TA.) b5: And شَنَقَ القِرْبَةَ, (IDrd, O, K,) aor. ـُ (IDrd, O,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He bound the mouth of the water-skin with the bond called وِكَآء, and then bound the extremity of its وِكَآء to its fore legs: (IDrd, O, K, TA: [in the CK, أَوْكَأَها is erroneously put for أَوْكَاهَا, or, as in some copies of the K, وَكَاهَا:]) or he suspended it: and [in like manner] القِرْبَةَ ↓ اشنق, inf. n. as above, he suspended the water-skin to a peg: (TA:) or the latter signifies he put a شِنَاق to the water-skin: (M:) or he bound the water-skin with a شِنَاق, (S, K, TA,) i. e. a cord with which its mouth is bound. (S.) b6: [Hence شَنَقَهُ, as used in the present day, and in post-classical works, meaning (assumed tropical:) He hanged him by the neck, till he died: (see the pass. part. n., below:) whence

↓ مِشْنَقَةٌ, meaning A gallows; pl. مَشَانِقُ.] b7: شَنَقَ الخَلِيَّةَ, (M, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَنْقٌ; (M;) and ↓ شنّقها, (M, K,) inf. n. تَشْنِيقٌ; (TA;) He put a piece of wood, which is called ↓ شَنِيقٌ, (M, K,) pared for the purpose, (M,) into the hive, and with it raised a portion of the honey-comb in the width of the hive, (M, K, *) having fixed the شينق beneath it; and sometimes two portions of the honey-comb, and three: (M: [accord. to which one says also, شَنَقَ فِى الخَلِيَّةِ القُرْصَيْنِ وَالثَّلَاثَةَ:]) this is done only when the bees are rearing their young ones. (M, K. *) b8: Accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, الشَّىْءَ ↓ أَشْنَقْتُ and شَنَقْتُهُ signify the same: (TA: [in which the meaning is not expl.; but it is immediately added, app. to indicate the meaning here intended;]) El-Mutanakhkhil El-Hudhalee says, describing a bow and arrows, شَنَقْتُ بِهَا مَعَابِلَ مُرْهَفَاتٍ i. e. I put its string into [the notches of] arrows [broad and long in the heads, made sharp or pointed]. (O, * TA.) A2: شَنِقَ, (M, K,) aor. ـَ (K;) and شَنَقَ, (M, K,) aor. ـِ (K;) He loved a thing, and became attached to it; (M, K, TA;) said of a man: (TA:) and شَنِقَ, inf. n. شَنَقٌ, is said of a man's heart, (O, TA,) meaning as above: (O:) or شَنَقٌ signifies the heart's yearning towards, or longing for, or desiring, a thing. (Msb.) A3: شَنَقٌ also signifies The being long: (M:) or the being long in the head, (JK, S, TA,) as though it were stretched upwards: (TA:) one says of a horse, شَنِقَ inf. n. شَنَقٌ, meaning He was long in the head. (JK.) b2: شَنَقُ المَرْأَةِ, signifies اِسْتِنَانُهَا مِنَ الشَّحْمِ [app. meaning The woman's becoming sleek, like مَسَانّ (or whetstones) by reason of fat: see اِسْتَنَّتِ الفِصَالُ, in art. سن]: and the epithet applied to her is ↓ شَنِقَةٌ, pl. شَنِقَاتٌ. (JK, Ibn-' Abbád, O, TA.) 2 شنّق الخَلِيَّةَ, inf. n. تَشْنِيقٌ: see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph. b2: تَشْنِيقٌ also signifies The cutting [a thing] in pieces. (O, K. [See the pass. part. n.]) b3: And The adorning [a person or thing]. (K. [See 5.]) b4: See also the next paragraph, near the end.3 شانقهُ, inf. n. مُشَانَقَةٌ and شِنَاقٌ, He mixed his cattle with his [i. e. another's] cattle: (K, TA:) this is when [contributions to the poor-rate such as are termed] أَشْنَاق [pl. of شَنَقٌ] are incumbent on a man, or two men, or three, when their cattle are separate, and one says to another, شَانِقْنِى, i. e. Mix thou my cattle and thy cattle; for if they are separate, a شَنَق will be obligatory, or incumbent, on each of us; and if they are mixed, the case will be light to us: so the شِنَاق signifies the sharing in the شَنَق or in the شَنَقَانِ. (L, TA.) [See also what follows in this paragraph: and see شَنَقٌ.] One says also ↓ لَا تَشَانَقُوا [ for لَا تَتَشَانَقُوا] Ye shall not put together what are separate [of cattle]; التَّشَانُقُ being syn. with المُشَانَقَةُ. (TA.) b2: شِنَاقٌ signifies also The taking somewhat from the شَنَق: and hence the trad., لَا شِنَاقَ: (K, TA:) this means There shall not be taken from the شَنَق [any contribution to the poorrate] unless it is complete [in number]: (A' Obeyd, S, TA:) the شَنَق being, of camels, such as exceed five, up to ten; and what exceed ten, up to fifteen: (A 'Obeyd, TA:) Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer says, up to nine; and up to fourteen: but this is pronounced in the L to be wrong: (TA:) [Mtr also says,] it means there shall not be taken aught of what exceed five, up to nine, for example: or, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer, it is like the mixing; but this requires consideration: (Mgh:) Aboo-Sa'eed says that لَا شِنَاقَ means a man shall not adjoin (↓ لَا يُشْنِقُ [thus written here and thus expl. in the TA]) his sheep or goats, and his camels, to the sheep or goats [and the camels] of another person, in order to annul what is obligatory, or incumbent, on him, of the poor-rate: this is [for instance] in the case in which each of them has forty sheep or goats; so that it is incumbent on them to give two sheep or goats; but when one of them adjoins (أَحَدُهُمَا ↓ فَإِذَا شَنَّقَ [thus in this instance in the TA, perhaps a mistranscription for أَشْنَقَ,]) his sheep or goats to those of another, and the collector of the poorrate finds them in his [the latter's] possession, he takes from them one sheep or goat. (TA.) 4 اشنق: see 1, in five places. b2: إِشْنَاقٌ [as inf. n. of أُشْنِقَ, from أَشْنَقَ القِرْبَةَ expl. in the first paragraph,] also signifies The having the hand attached to the neck by means of a غُلّ [q. v.]. (AA, TA.) b3: See also 3, in the latter half.

A2: Accord. to IAar, (O, TA,) اشنق also signifies He took (O, K, TA) the شَنَق, i. e., (O, TA,) the [fine termed] أَرْش: (O, K, TA:) or it was, or became, obligatory, or incumbent, on him to give the أَرْش; thus having two contr. meanings [assigned to it]: (K:) or it signifies also, accord. to IAar, it was, or became, obligatory on him to give what is termed a شَنَق; and this is the case until his camels amount to five and twenty, when what is due of them is [a she-camed such as is termed]

اِبْنَة مَخَاض. (O.) A man of the Arabs said, مِنَّا مَنْ يُشْنِقُ, which may mean Of us is he who gives the شُنُق, i. e. cords, pl. of شِنَاقٌ: or it may mean, who gives the شَنَق, i. e. أَرْش. (O.) b2: اشنق عَلَيْهِ He exalted himself above him; domineered over him; or oppressed him. (O, K.) 5 تشنّق He adorned himself; or was, or became, adorned: (JK, O:) and he clad himself with garments. (JK.) 6 تَشَاْنَقَ see 3.

شَنَقٌ What is between one فَرِيضَة and the next فَرِيضَة, (A'Obeyd, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) [meaning a number that is between two other numbers whereof each imposes the obligation of giving a due termed فَرِيضَة,] of camels, and of sheep or goats, (M, TA,) in relation to the poorrate: (S, Mgh, K, TA:) so called because nothing is taken therefrom; so that it is adjoined (أُشْنِقَ i. e. أَضِيفَ) to that [number] which is next to it [of the numbers below it]: (JK:) accord. to some, it is syn. with وَقَصٌ; (Mgh, Msb;) but some say that it relates peculiarly to camels; (M, Mgh, Msb;) and وَقَصٌ, to bulls and cows: (Mgh, Msb:) used in relation to sheep or goats, it is what is between forty and a hundred and twenty; and in like manner as to other numbers [that impose the obligation of giving a فريضة]: K, TA:) Ahmad Ibn-Hambal is related to have said that the شَنَق is what is above the فريضة, absolutely; as, for instance, what is above forty sheep or goats: (TA: [I here render the word دُونَ

“ above,” though it also means “ below,” because nothing is due from sheep or goats fewer than forty:]) as A'Obeyd says, it is, of camels, such as exceed five, up to ten; and what exceed ten, up to fifteen: (O, * TA: [see also 3:]) Ks states, on the authority of some one or more of the Arabs, that it is up to twenty-five; and says that it is what does pot impose the obligation of the فريضة; meaning what is between five and twenty-five: (Fr, TA:) [but it is also expl. as applied to the due itself that is to be contributed to the poorrates for certain numbers of camels: thus] Aboo-'Amr Esh-Sheybánee says, the شَنَق for five camels is a sheep or goat; for ten, two sheep or goats; for fifteen three sheep or goats; and for twenty, four sheep or goats; the term شَنَقٌ being applied alike to the sheep or goat, and to the two sheep or goats, and to the three sheep or goats, and to the four sheep or goats; what exceeds this last being termed فَرِيضَةٌ: (TA:) or, in the case of the poor-rate, the lowest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَسْفَلُ) is a sheep or goat for five camels; and the highest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَعْلَى) is a بِنْت مَخَاض for five and twenty: (O, K:) the pl. of شَنَقٌ is أَشْنَاقٌ (M, Msb, TA) and شِنَاقٌ. (M.) b2: Also What is above the bloodwit (مَا دُونَ الدِّيَةِ): (As, S, O, Msb, K:) the term أَشْنَاق, (S, M, Msb,) pl. of شَنَقٌ, (M,) being applied to the fines, for wounds, that are sent with the complete bloodwit (S, M, * O, Msb) by him upon whom rests the obligation to send such; (S, O, Msb;) as though they were attached to the main, or greatest, fine: (S, M, * O:) and an addition, in the bloodwit, (M, Msb,) of five, (M,) or of six, (M, Msb,) or of seven, (Msb,) to the hundred camels [which constitute the complete bloodwit], (M, Msb, *) in order that it may be described as ample: (Msb:) [for,] as IAar and As and El-Athram say, the man of rank or quality, when he gave [the bloodwit], used to add to it five [or more] camels, to show thereby his excellence and his generosity: (TA:) a redundancy [in the case of the bloodwit]; (O, K;) one of the explanations of the term given by As: (O:) or in the case of bloodwits (دِيَات), the lowest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَسْفَلُ) is twenty camels whereof every one is a بِنْت مَخَاض; and the highest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَعْلَى) is twenty camels whereof every one is a جَذَعَة: (O, K:) and some say that أَشْنَاقُ الدِّيَاتِ means the sorts of bloodwits; the bloodwit for purely-unintentional homicide being a hundred camels, which those who are responsible for it undertake to give in fifths, consisting of twenty whereof every one is an اِبْنَة مَخَاض, and twenty whereof every one is an اِبْنَة لَبُون, and twenty whereof every one is an اِبْن لَبُون, and twenty whereof every one is a حِقَّة, and twenty whereof every one is a جَذَعَة; these also being termed أَشْنَاق. (TA.) b3: It signifies also A fine, or mulct, for a wound or the like; (O, Msb, K;) as, for instance, for a burn, (O, TA,) or such as a wound on the head that lays bare the bone, (Msb, TA,) and other wounds, (Msb,) and for a tooth [knocked out], and for an eye blinded, and for an arm or a hand vitiated, or rendered unsound and motionless, or stiff; and for anything short of what requires the complete bloowit: (TA:) or, as some say, a fine for that which does not render obnoxious to retaliation; as a scratch, or laceration of the skin, and the like: (M:) pl. أَشْنَاقٌ. (M, Msb.) A2: Also A burden borne on one side of a beast, equiponderant to another borne on the other side; syn. عِدْلٌ: (K, TA: [in the CK and my MS. copy of the K, العَدْلُ is erroneously put for العِدْل:]) الشَّنَقَانِ signifies العِدْلَان. (JK, Ibn-' Abbád, O, TA. *) b2: And A rope, or cord. (Ibn-' Abbád, O, K.) b3: And A bow-string; (O, TA;) as also ↓ شِنَاقٌ; (O, K, * TA;) so called because it is bound to the head of the bow: (O, TA:) or, accord. to Sh, a good bow-string, i. e. strong and long. (TA.) [See what follows.]

A3: الشَّنَقُ also signifies العَمَلُ [The making a thing]: (K:) thus accord. to some in the saying of Ru-beh, describing a sportsman [and his bow], سَوَّى لَهَا كَبْدَآءَ تَنْزُو فِى الشَّنَقْ [as though meaning He prepared for it, or them, a bow such that the part whereby it was held filled the hand, springing in the making by reason of its elasticity and strength: but the word which I have written تَنْزُو, and which is thus in one place in the TA, and in another place in the same, where the verse is repeated, تَنْزُوا, is illegible in the copy of the O, and may be a mistranscription]: accord. to others, however, the last word, الشَّنَقْ, here means the bow-string. (O, TA.) شَنِقٌ, applied to a heart, Loving intensely, or very passionately or fondly; syn. هَيْمَانُ. (M, TA.) Accord. to Lth, ↓ قَلْبٌ شَنِقٌ مِشْنَاقٌ signifies طَامِحٌ إِلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ [app. meaning A heart aspiring to everything]: (O, L, TA:) in the K, قَلْبٌ شَنِقٌ كَكَتِفٍ مُشْتَاقٌ طَامِحٌ إِلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ; but the right reading is قَلْبٌ شَنِقٌ مِشْنَاقٌ كَكَتِفٍ

وَمِحْرَابٍ, and the signification as above; primarily relating to the eye. (TA.) b2: Applied to a man, Cautious; or fearful. (TA.) b3: شَنِقَةٌ, applied to a woman: see 1, last sentence.

شِنَاقٌ A rope, or cord, with which the head of a he-camel and of a she-camel is pulled: [see 1, first sentence:] pl. [of pauc.] أَشْنِقَةٌ and [of mult.]

شُنُقٌ. (M, TA.) b2: A cord, (A' Obeyd, S, K,) or thong, (A' Obeyd, K,) with which the mouth-of a water-skin is bound, (A' Obeyd, S, Mgh, K,) and that of a leathern water-bag, and which is untied in order that the water may pour forth: (A' Obeyd, TA:) or the suspensory cord of a water-skin: and any cord by which a thing is suspended. (M.) b3: See also شَنَقٌ, in the last quarter of the paragraph.

A2: As an epithet, Tall: (ISh, S, K:) used alike as masc. and fem. (ISh, K) and dual (ISh) and pl., (ISh, K,) not dualized nor pluralized: (ISh:) applied to a man, (S, TA,) and to a woman, and to a he-camel, and to a she-camel: applied to a she-camel as meaning tall, and longnecked; as also ↓ شَنْقَآءُ: and to a he-camel as meaning tall and slender: (ISh, TA:) also, and ↓ مَشْنُوقٌ, applied to a horse as meaning tall. (T, TA.) See also أَشْنَقُ.

شَنِيقٌ One whose origin is suspected; syn. دَعِىٌّ: a poet says, أَنَا الدَّاخِلُ البَابَ الَّذِى لَا يَرُومُهُ دَنِىْءٌ وَلَا يُدْعَى إِلَيْهِ شَنِيقُ [I am he who enters the door that the ignoble seeks not, and to which one whose origin is suspected is not invited]. (S.) A2: See also 1, latter half.

شَنِّيقٌ A man evil in disposition: (M, L:) or a self-conceited young man. (JK, Ibn-' Abbád, O, K.) And شَنِّيقَةٌ, like سِكِّينَةٌ, [in some copies of the K شَنِيقَةٌ, like سَكِينَةٌ,] A woman talking, or conversing, or who talks, or converses, in an amorous and enticing manner. (JK, Ibn-' Abbád, O, K.) شِنِقْنَاقٌ a name for A calamity or misfortune (دَاهِيَة): (Ibn-' Abbád, O, K: *) or, as some say, a name of The chiefs of the Jinn, or Genii: (Ibn-'Abbád, O:) or also a certain chief of the Jinn. (K.) أَشْنَقُ Long; applied to a neck. (M.) And, as also ↓ مَشْنُوقٌ, Long in the head; applied to a horse and to a camel; and so شَنْقَآءُ [the fem. of the former] and ↓ شِنَاقٌ applied to the female. (M.) For the fem., see also شِنَاقٌ.

A2: [The fem.]

شَنْقَآءُ signifies [also] A female bird that feeds her young ones with her bill, ejecting the food into their mouths. (O, K.) مِشْنَقَةٌ: see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph.

مُشَنَّقٌ Flesh-meat (Ks, S) cut in pieces: (Ks, S, K:) applied to flesh-meat, (M,) it is from the أَشْنَاق [pl. of شَنَقٌ] of the دِيَة [or bloodwit]. (Ks, S, M.) b2: And Dough cut into pieces, and prepared with oil of olives: (El-Umawee, S, M, K:) or dough cut into lumps, or pieces, upon the table, before it is spread out; also called فَرَزْدَقٌ and عَجَاجِيرُ. (IAar, TA.) مِشْنَاقٌ: see شَنِقٌ.

مَشْنُوقٌ [as pass. part. n. of شَنَقَ means Curbed by means of his nose-rein, &c. b2: And] (assumed tropical:) Hanged: one says, قُتِلَ مَشْنُوقًا (assumed tropical:) He was put to death [by being] hanged. (TA.) A2: See also شِنَاقٌ: and أَشْنَقُ.

تفح

1 نَفَحَ, aor. ـَ (S, L, K,) inf. n. نَفْحٌ (L, K) and نُفُوحٌ (L) and نُفَاحٌ and نَفَحَانٌ, (K,) It (perfume) diffused its odour. (S, L, K.) b2: نَفَحَتِ الرِّيحُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. نَفْحٌ, (Msb,) (tropical:) The wind blew: (S, Msb, K:) or blew gently; began to be in a state of commotion: (A:) نَفَحَتْ and لَفَحَتْ are syn., except that the effect of النَّفْح is greater than that of اللَّفْح: (Zj:) or, accord. to As, (S,) or IAar, (TA,) نَفْحٌ relates to a cold, or cool, wind; and لَفْحٌ, to a hot wind: (S, TA.) [but see نَفْحَةٌ]. b3: نَفَحَتْهُ الجنوب بِبَرْدِهَا (tropical:) The south wind blew upon it with its cold, or coolness. (IB.) b4: نَفَحَ العِرْقَ, (aor.

تَفَحَ, inf. n. نَفْحٌ, S,) (tropical:) The vein ejected, or spirted forth, blood. (S, K.) And in like manner, نَفَحَتِ الطَّعْنَةُ بِالدَّمِ (tropical:) The stab ejected, or spirted forth, blood. (TA.) b5: نَفَحَ اللَّبَنَ نَفْحَةَ (tropical:) He churned the milk once. (A.) A2: نَفَحَهُ بالسَّيْفِ (tropical:) He struck him, or it, lightly, or slightly, with the sword: (A:) he reached, or hit, him, or it, (تَنَاوَلَهُ,) with the sword (S, L, K) from a distance, (S, L,) by a side-blow, شَزْرًا. (L.) b2: نَفَحَ, inf. n. نَفْحٌ, He struck, smote, or beat. (L.) See 3. b3: نَفَحَ, inf. n. نَفْحٌ, He threw, or cast. (L.) b4: نَفَحَ شَيْئًا (assumed tropical:) He thrust, or pushed, or repelled, a thing from him. (L.) b5: نَفَحَتِ الدَّابَّةُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. نَفْحٌ, The horse, or the like, kicked, or struck, with its hind leg: (L:) or, with its hoof: (Msb:) or, with the extremity of its hoof: النَّفْحُ is said to be with one hind leg: and الرَّمْحُ, with both hind legs together. (L.) نَفَحَتِ النَّاقَةُ The she-camel struck, or kicked, with her hind leg. (S.) أَبْطَلَ نَفْحَ الدَّابَّةِ He made the kicking of the horse, or the like, with its hind leg, to be of no account; not to require anything to be paid by its owner. (L.) [See 3 in art. عقب.]

A3: نَفَحَهُ بِشَىْءٍ, (inf. n. نَفْحٌ, Msb,) (tropical:) He gave him a thing. (S, K.) b2: نَفَحَهُ نَفْحَةً (tropical:) He gave him a gift; or conferred upon him a favour]. (S.) [See an ex. voce عَرَبَة.]3 نَافَحُوهُمْ (inf. n. مُنَافَحَةٌ, TA) (tropical:) They contended with them with swords face to face; or encountered them in war face to face, having before their faces neither shields nor anything else; syn. كَافَحُوهُمْ: (S, K:) originally signifying they approached them in fight so near that the breath of each party reached the other (TA.) b2: نافحهُ (tropical:) He contended with him. (K.) b3: نافح عَنْهُ; (S, A;) and عَنْهُ ↓ نَفَحَ, (A,) inf. n. نَفْحٌ. (IAar;) (tropical:) He contended for him, or in defence of him; (S;) repelled from him, and defended him: (IAar, A:) as also ناضح. (TA.) نَفْحَةٌ An odour, whether good or bad: or a plenteous odour; differing from نَفْخَةٌ, which is a slight odour: (AHn, in L, art. نفخ:) pl. نَفَحَاتٌ. (L.) You say لَهُ نَفْحَةٌ طَيِّبَةٌ, (S, L.) and خَبِيثَةٌ, (L,) It has a good, or sweet, and a bad, or foul, odour. (L.) b2: نَفْحَةٌ (tropical:) A blast, or breath, of wind. (K.) b3: نَفْحَةٌ مِنَ الصَّبَا (tropical:) A pleasant and fragrant blast of the east wind. And نفحةٌ مِنْ سَمُومٍ (tropical:) A grievous blast of hot wind. (AHeyth.) b4: نَفْحَةٌ مِنَ العَذَابِ (assumed tropical:) A part, or portion, of punishment: (S, K:) or a grievous blast of punishment: (AHeyth:) or a most violent infliction of punishment. (L.) b5: نَفْحَةٌ الدَّمِ (tropical:) The first gush of blood from a wound. (Khálid Ibn-Jembeh, L.) b6: نَفْحَةٌ (tropical:) A single churning (مَحْضَةٌ so in the A and TA: in. the CK and a MS copy of the K.

مَحْضَة, with ح unpointed:) of milk. (A, K.) b7: [See 1.] b8: نَفْحةٌ (tropical:) A gift: (Msb:) [pl. نَفَحَاتٌ]. b9: لا تَزَالُ لِفُلَان نَفَحَاتٌ منَ المَعْرُوفِ (S, L) There cease not to be attributable to such a one acts of kindness, or favours. (L.) b10: تعَرَّضُوا لِنَفَحَاتِ رَحْمَةِ اللّٰهِ (tropical:) (TA:) see art. عرض, ??

تَعَرَّضَ.

رِيحٌ نَفُوحٌ (tropical:) A wind that blows violently, and raises the dust. (L.) b2: يَمَانِيَّةٌ نَفُوحٌ (tropical:) A south wind (S, IB) that blows coldly, or coolly (IB.) b3: دَابَّةٌ نَفُوحٌ A horse, or the like, that kicks with its kind leg: or, with the extremity of its hoof. (L.) [See 1.] b4: نَفُوحٌ (tropical:) A she-camel whose milk comes forth without its being drawn from the teat: (S, K:) and an udder that does not retain its milk. (Az.) See نَفَّاحٌ.

A2: قَوْسٌ نفُوحٌ (tropical:) A bow that sends the arrow far; or that impels the arrow with force: (S, A, K:) as also ↓ نَفِيحَةٌ (K) and ↓ مِنْفَحَةٌ: (TA:) each of which two words is a name for a bow: (S, with respect to the former, and TA, with respect to the latter:) pl. of the former نَفُائِحُ: (S:) and ↓ نَفيحةٌ signifies a branch of the tree called نَبْع, of which a bow is made. (ISk, S, K.) [See also نَفِيجَةٌ, with ح.]

نَفِيحَةٌ: see نَفُوحٌ.

مِسْكٌ نَفَّاحٌ [Musk that diffuses much odour or fragrance]. (A, art. خطر.) A2: طَعْنَةٌ نَفَّاحَةٌ (tropical:) A stab that ejects, or spirts forth, blood, much, or vehemently. (TA.) ↓ طَعْنَةٌ نَفُوحٌ (tropical:) A stab that ejects its blood quickly. (T.) A3: نَفَّاحٌ (tropical:) One who gives many gifts. (TA.) b2: النَّفَّاحُ, (K,) or النَّفَّاحُ بِالخَيْرِ, (TA,) The Bestower of [many] benefits upon mankind, or the creation: (K:) an epithet applied to God; but disapproved by some, because not so applied in the Kur-án or the traditions.

نَافِحٌ Diffusing odour; fragrant. Ex. نَافِجَةٌ نَافِحَةٌ A bag, or vesicle, of mush diffusing odour, or fragrant: pl. نَوَافِحُ. (A.) إِنْفَحَةٌ (S, K, &c.) said to be the most common form of the word, (TA,) for which one should not say أَنْفَحَةٌ, (ISk,) but this is mentioned by Ibn-Et-Teiyánee and the author of the 'Eyn, (MF,) and sometimes it is written and pronounced إِنْفَحَّةٌ, (K,) or this is the most common form, (Msb,) and most approved, (ISk,) and sometimes إِنْفِحَةٌ, (K,) and ↓ مِنْفَحَةٌ, (IAar, S, K,) and بِنْفَحَةٌ, (IAar, K,) with ب in the place of the م, (TA,) [The rennet, or rennet-bag, of a kid or lamb; i. e.] A substance that comes forth from the belly of a kid, containing coagulated milk which is termed لِبَأْ, used as a means of converting fresh milk into cheese: (IDrst:) or a thing that is taken forth from the belly of a sucking-pig, (or lamb, Msb,) of a yellow colour, and squeezed in some cotton, (which is soaked, into milk, L, Msb,) whereupon it (i. e. the milk, MF) becomes thick, like cheese: (L, Msb, K:) or the stomach (كَرِش) of a lamb or kid before it eats: (Az, S, Msb:) when it eats, it is called كَرِش. (Az, S.) F imputes inadvertence to J in his explaining انفحة by the term كَرِش; but he does not explain it by this term absolutely; and F adds to his own explanation what makes it exactly the same as that of J, [except that he makes it relate to a kid only,] saying “ when the kid eats, it,” that is the انفحة, “ is called كَرِش. ” (MF.) None but a ruminating animal has an انفحة. (Lth.) The pl. is أَنَافِحُ. (S, K.) Any انفحة, especially [that of] the hare, if hung upon the thumb of a person suffering from a fever, cures him. (K.) b2: إِنْفَحَةٌ also signifies A kind of tree (شَجَر) resembling the بَاذِنْجَان. (K.) مِنْفَحَةٌ: see نَفُوحٌ and إِنفَحَةٌ.

تلع

تَلْعَةٌ High, or elevated, land or ground: (AO, S, K:) and low, or depressed, land or ground: (AO, S, Msb, K:) thus bearing two contr. significations, (S, K,) accord. to AO: (S:) or it has not these significations, but means a water-course from the upper part of a valley to its lower part; therefore sometimes its upper part is described [by this name], and sometimes its lower part; (IAar, IB, TA:) or it has the second of the significations above, (Msb, K,) and the first, (K,) and signifies also a water-course (Msb, K) from the upper part of a valley: (Msb:) and also, (K,) or, accord. to IDrd, (TA,) the wide part of the mouth of a valley: and a high, or an elevated, piece of land or ground: (IDrd, K:) sometimes, says IDrd, it has this last application; but the former is the original signification: (TA:) it is also said to signify high, or elevated, and rugged, land or ground, in which the torrent goes to and fro, and from which it then pours to another تلعة, lower than it; and which is fertile in plants, or herbage: (L, TA:) or a water-course from the higher part of the ground to the bottom of a valley: (AA, S:) pl. تِلَاعٌ (AA, S, Msb, K) and تَلَعَاتٌ: (K:) and, (K,) or, accord. to Sh, (TA,) تِلَاعٌ signifies water-course flowing from acclivities and the [eminences termed] نِجَاف and the mountains, until they pour into the valley: (Sh, K:) to which Sh adds, the تلعة of the mountain being formed by the water's coming and furrowing and excavating it until it escapes from it: (TA:) but تلاع are nowhere except [the word إِلّاَ has been dropped in the CK] in the صَحَارَى

[or deserts]; (Sh, K;) and sometimes a تلعة comes from a distance of five leagues (فَرَاسِخ) to the valley; and when it flows from the mountains, and falls into the صحارى [or deserts], it excavates in them what resembles a moat: when it becomes so large as to be like the half, or two thirds, of the valley, it is termed مَيْثَآءُ: (Sh, TA:) تَلْعَةٌ is also said to be like رحبة [i. e. رَحَبَةٌ or رَحْبَةٌ, app. as meaning the part of a valley in which its water flows into it from its two sides]; and the pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] is said to be تَلْعٌ. (TA.) It is said in a trad., فَيَجِىْءُ مَطَرٌ لَا يَمْتَنِعُ مِنْهُ ذَنَبُ تَلْعَةٍ [And a rain will come, in consequence of which the end of a water-course will not be impeded]: meaning to denote its abundance, and that no place will be exempt from it. (TA.) And in a prov., فُلَانٌ لَا يَمْنَعُ ذَنَبَ تَلْعَةٍ [Such a one will not impede the end of a water-course]: (K, * TA:) applied to the abject and contemptible. (K.) And in another, (ISh,) لَا أَثِقُ بِسَيْلِ تَلْعَتكَ [I do not, or will not, trust in the flow of thy water-course]: applied to him in whom one does not trust: (ISh, K:) i. e. I do not, or will not, trust in what thou sayest, and what thou adducest: characterizing the person as a liar. (ISh.) and in another, (IAar,) مَا أَخَافُ إِلَّا مِنْ سَيْلِ تَلْعَتِى

[I fear not save from the flow of my water-course]: i. e., from the sons of my uncle, and my relations: (IAar, K:) for he who descends the water-course is in danger: if the torrent come, it sweeps him away. (IAar.)

وجب

1 وَجَبَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. وَجْبَةٌ (Lh, K) and وَجْبٌ (Lh) It (a wall, or the like, Msb, or a house, or anything, Lh,) fell down. (Lh, K, Msb.) See وَجْبَةٌ. b2: وَجَبَ, inf. n. وَجْبَةٌ, It fell to the ground. (TA.) b3: وَجْبَةٌ does not signify a single act; but is an inf. n. in an absolute sense, unrestricted to the signification of a single act: ex. وَجْبَةُ الشَّمْسِ The falling of the sun, in setting. (TA.) b4: فَإِذَا وَجَبَتْ جُنُوبُهَا [Kur. xxii. 37,] is said to signify And when their sides fall down upon the ground: or and when their souls depart, and they fall down. (TA.) b5: وَجَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ, (S, K,) inf. n. وَجْبٌ and وُجُوبٌ (K) and وَجْبَةٌ (see above), The sun set. (S, K.) b6: وَجَبَتِ العَيْنُ (tropical:) The eye was, or became, sunk in the head. (K.) b7: وَجَبَ, (S, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. وُجُوبٌ and مَوْجِبٌ, (TA,) He fell down and died: (S:) he died. (K.) b8: Hudbeh Ibn-Khashram says, فَقُلْتُ لَهُ لَا تَبْكِ عَيْنُكَ إِنَّهُ بِكَفَّىَّ مَا لَا قَيْتُ إِذْ حَانَ مَوْجِبِى

[And I said to him, Let not thine eye weep; for by my own hands is occasioned what I experience, now that my death has come to pass]. By موجب he means مَوْتٌ. (TA.) b9: [See also وَجْبَةٌ, which seems to be a third inf. n. of the verb in this sense.] b10: وَجَبَ, (aor. ـِ TA,) inf. n. وَجِيبٌ (Th, S,) and وَجْبٌ and وَجَبَانٌ (K) and وُجُوبٌ and وَجْبَةٌ, (TA,) It (the heart) palpitated, beat, throbbed; (K;) was agitated, or in a state of commotion. (S.) b11: وَجَبَتِ الإِبِلُ, and ↓ وجّبت, The camels could scarcely arise from the places where they lay down. (TA.) b12: وَحُبَ, [aor. ـْ inf. n. وُجُوبَةٌ, He was cowardly, or pusillanimous. (S, K.) b13: وَجَبَهُ عَنْهُ He drove him back, or turned him back, from it, (K,) when he had long kept to it. (Nawádir el-Aaráb.) A2: وَجَبَ and ↓ اوجب and ↓ وجب (tropical:) He (a man, TA,) ate once a day. (Th, K) See وَجْبَةٌ.

A3: وَجَبَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. وُجُوبٌ (S, K,) and جِبَةٌ, (K,) It (a thing) was, or became, necessitated, necessary, requisite, or unavoidable: it was binding, obligatory, incumbent, or due: syn. لَزِمَ; (S, K, Msb;) [lit. accord. to some, it fell on a person: see 4;] and ثَبَتَ, (Telweeh,) which means nearly the same as لَزِمَ. (TA.) b2: For a fuller explanation, see its syn. حَقَّ. [In the science of the fundamentals of religion, It necessarily was or existed; was a thing of which the nonexistence could not be mentally conceived: as is the essence of God. (Ibr. D.)] b3: [وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ كَذَا, or أَنْ يَفَعَلَ كَذَا, Such a thing, or the doing of such a thing, was binding, incumbent, or obligatory upon him; was unavoidable to him; lay on him; was his necessary, or indispensable duty: or was binding, incumbent, or obligatory upon him, by God's express appointment, so that he would be punished for neglecting it: and it was that which should be preferred and approved. See وَاجِبٌ.] b4: See also another explanation, afterwards. b5: وَجَبَ البَيْعُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. جِبَةٌ (Lh, S, Msb) and وُجُوبٌ (Lh, Msb) The sale was, or became, binding, or obligatory; (Msb, TA;) ratified, fixed, settled, decided, or determined; (Msb;) completed, accomplished, or concluded; it had, or took, effect; it was extended, or performed; or it was, or became, effectual: (TA:) and وَجَبَتْ يَمِينُهُ, i. q. بَتَّتْ, q. v. (M, in art. بت.) b6: It is said in a trad., إِذَا كَانَ البَيْعُ عَنْ خِيَارٍ

فَقَدْ وَجَبَ [When the sale is optional, it is binding, or obligatory]: i. e., when one says, after the contract, “Take thy choice to reject the sale, or to make it effectual,” and the person so addressed chooses to do the latter, the sale is binding, even if the two parties have not yet separated. (TA.) b7: In like manner, وَجَبَ الحَقُّ, inf. ns. as above, The right, due, or claim, was, or became, binding, or obligatory; or fixed, settled, decided, or determined. (Msb.) b8: وجب الوجب, inf. n. وجب: (TA: [unexplained; but following وَجْبٌ as signifying “ a bet, &c.: ”

app. meaning The bet, wager, or stake, became due, or incumbent]. b9: [وَجَبَ عَلَيْه It was, or became, necessitated, necessary, requisite, or unavoidable, for him to do, or suffer, such a thing; and hence, sometimes, it was, or became, binding, obligatory, or incumbent, on him.] b10: وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ القَوْلُ [The saying or sentence became necessitated to take effect upon him; or it became requisite that the saying or sentence should take effect upon him.] Jel, in xxxvi. 6, &c. b11: [وَجَبَ لَهُ كَذَا Such a thing was, or became, due to him; as, for instance, a reward, or a punishment.] b12: وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ القَتْلُ [Slaughter was, or became, his due.] (TA, in art. بقى, &c.) 2 وجّب بِهِ الأَرْضَ, inf. n. تَوْجِيبٌ, He threw him down upon the ground. (S.) b2: وجّب, inf. n. تَوْجِيبٌ, The camel lay upon his breast with folded legs, falling down upon the ground. (TA.) b3: وجّبت, inf. n. تَوْجِيبٌ She (a camel) became milkless: (TA:) or [her biestings coagulated in her udder: see وَجْبٌ]. b4: وجّب, (inf. n. تَوْجِيبٌ, K,) He was fatigued, tired, or weary: (S, K:) said of a camel. (S.) b5: وجّب اللِّبَأُ, inf. n. تَوْجِيبٌ, The biestings coagulated in the udder. (K.) A2: وجّب, (inf. n. تَوْجِيبٌ, TA,) He milked (a camel, K,) but once in the course of each day and night. (S, K.) b2: وجّب, inf. n. تَوْجِيبٌ, He accustomed himself, (Lh, S,) in which case you also say وجّب لِنَفْسِهِ, (Lh,) and his family, or household, and his horse, (Lh, K,) to eat but one meal (K) in the course of each day and night. (Lh, S.) b3: See 1.

A3: وجّب He took, got, or won, a bet, wager, or stake, at a shooting-match or race. (L, in TA, voce نَدَبٌ.) b2: See 4.3 وَاْجَبَ see 4.4 اوجبهُ (S, K,) and ↓ وجّبهُ (K) but this latter is by some rejected, (TA,) He (God, S) made it, or rendered it necessary, requisite, or unavoidable; necessitated it; made it, or declared it to be, binding, incumbent, or obligatory: (S, K:) [lit. accord. to some, he made it to fall on a person: see فَرَضَ.] b2: اوجب البَيْعَ, (Lh, S,) inf. n. إِيجَابٌ, (Lh,) He made, or rendered, or declared, the sale binding, or obligatory; (Msb, TA;) ratified it; made, or rendered, it fixed, settled, decided, or determined; (Msb;) completed, accomplished, or concluded; effectual. (TA.) b3: اوجب لَكَ البَيْعَ He made the sale to thee to be binding, or obligatory; &c. (Lh, K.) b4: In like manner, البَيْعَ ↓ وَاجَبَهُ, inf. n. مُوَاجَبَةٌ and وِجَابٌ; (Lh; in quoting whose words, the author of the K has made an omission, so as to cause it to appear that these two words are inf. ns. of اوجب; TA;) He, with his (another's) concurrence, made the sale to him to be binding, or obligatory; &c. (TA.) b5: اوجب عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا [He made a thing, or declared it to be, binding, obligatory, or incumbent, upon him; or unavoidable to him]. (TA.) b6: اوجب عَلَيْه القَضَآءَ He necessitated the sentence to take effect upon him; syn. حَقَّهُ and أَحَقَّهُ. (TA, in art. حق.) b7: اوجب He did a great sin, or an act of great goodness, making [the punishment of] hell, or [the reward of] paradise, the consequence thereof [unless followed by different conduct &c.]: (S, K:) he committed sins for which he who should punish him would be excusable, because he deserved punishment. (IAar, in TA, art. لوط.) b8: It is said, in a trad., that some persons came to Mo-hammad, saying, إِنَّ صَاحِبًا لَنَا أَوْجَبَ, i. e., Verily a companion of our's hath committed a sin for which he has become deserving of hell: to which he replied, Command him to emancipate a slave [as an expiation]. (TA.) b9: In another trad. it is said, أَوْجَبَ ذُو التَّلَاثَةِ وَالإِثْنَيْنِ, meaning, He of whom three children, or two, have gone before him [to paradise] hath become entitled to paradise. (TA.) b10: أَوْجَبَ لَهُ الجَنَّةَ أَوِ النَّارَ It (an action) procured for him as a necessary consequence thereof [the reward of] paradise, or [the punishment of] hell; or made such to be to him a necessary consequence thereof; [unless followed by repentance &c.:] (S, K *:) [it required for him paradise or hell.] b11: [يُوجِبُ كَذَا It necessitates, or renders necessary, such a thing. b12: It requires such a thing, as a necessary consequence. b13: It necessarily implies the coexistence of such a thing therewith. Used in physics &c., and perhaps in classical writings.] b14: أَوْجَبْتُ لِفُلَانٍ حَقَّهُ means I regarded such a one's right or due: and you say فَعَلْتُ ذٰلِكَ إِيجَابًا لِحَقِّهِ [I did that from regard to his right or due] (Har. p. 490); [and اوجبهُ لَهُ He made it, or declared it to be due to him]. b15: [اوجبهُ also signifies He affirmed it, he averred it; i. q. أَثْبَتَهُ as contr. of نَفَاهُ. b16: And It necessarily occasioned it.]

A2: اوجب عَلَيْهِ He beat him, overcame him, in a case of laying a bet, wager, or stake, at a shooting-match or race. (TA.) A3: اوجب اللّٰهُ قَلْبَهُ God made his heart to palpitate, beat, or throb; [to be agitated, or in a state of commotion]. (Lh, K.) A4: See 1.6 تَوَاجَبُوا They laid a bet, wager, or stake, one with another, at a shooting-match or race: as though one party of them made a thing binding, or obligatory, on another party of them. (TA.) 10 استوجبهُ He had a right or just title or claim, to it; deserved it; merited it: syn. إِسْتَحَقَّهُ [q. v.] (S, K.) See the act. part. n. below. b2: استوجب إثْمًا i. q. اِسْتَحَقِّهُ; (TA, in art. حق;) which means He did what necessitated sin; (Ksh, Bd, Jel, in v. 106;) [was guilty of a sin;] and deserved its being said of him that he was a sinner. (Ksh.) b3: رَكَبَ خَطِئَةً اسْتَوْجَبَ بِهَا النَّارَ [He committed a sin for which he became deserving of hell]. (TA.) وَجْبٌ and ↓ مُوَجِّبٌ A she-camel whose biestings coagulate in her udder. (K.) b2: وِجَابٌ Places in which water stagnates: (K:) pl. of وَجْبٌ. (TA.) b3: وَجْبٌ A large skin of the kind called سِقَاءٌ, made of the (complete, TA,) hide of a he-goat: pl. وِجَابٌ. (AHn, K.) b4: وَجْبٌ Stupid; foolish; of little sense. (K.) b5: وَجْبٌ (S, K) and ↓ وَجَّابٌ (K) and ↓ وَجَّابَةٌ (IAar, K) and ↓ مُوَجِّبٌ (IAar) A coward; cowardly; pusillanimous. (S, K, &c.) [The second and third, and more especially the latter, are probably intensive epithets.]

A2: وَجْبٌ A bet, wager, or stake, at a shooting-match (Lh, K) or a race. (IAar; and L in TA, voce نَدَبٌ.) وَجْبَةٌ inf. n. of وَجَبَ “ it fell down, &c.,” q. v. b2: بِجَنْبِهِ فَلْتَكُنِ الوَجْبَةُ, a proverb, (S,) [(May a disease be) in his side, or (may God afflict him, or smite him, with a disease) in his side, and may falling down upon the ground, and dying, happen (or be the result thereof) ! i. e. بجنبه داءٌ فلتكن الوجبه به; or رَمَاهُ اللّٰهُ بِدَاءٍ بجنبه الخ. (Freytag, Arab. Prov. i. 156)]. b3: وَجْبَةٌ A falling with a sound, or noise, such as that produced by the fall of a wall or the like: (S, K:) [see 1, where it is given as an inf. n. unrestricted to the signification of a single act:] or the sound of a thing falling (K) and producing a sound such as above mentioned. (TA.) A2: وَجَبَهٌ An eating but once in the course of a day and night: (S, K:) or an eating but once in a day until the like eating in the following day: (K:) an inf. n. (Lh) [restricted to the signification of a single act]: you say, فُلَانٌ يَأْكُلُ وَجْبَةً Such a one eats but once (T) in the course of the day and night. (Az, S.) [See also صَيْرَمٌ.] b2: In a trad. respecting the expiation of an oath, it is said, يُطْعِمُ عَشَرَةَ مَسَاكِينَ وَجْبَةً وَاحِدَةً [He shall feed ten poor men with a meal sufficient for a day and a night]. (TA.) وُجَابٌ: see وُحَابٌ.

وَجِيبَةٌ A daily allowance of food; or daily maintenance: syn. وَظِيفَةٌ: (K:) i. e., what a man is accustomed to allow himself [each day] as that which is necessary, and fixed: but the word in the A is وَجْبَةٌ, q. v. (TA.) b2: وَجِيبَةٌ [A term employed in the case of] one's concluding a sale, and then taking it [meaning what is sold to him] by regular successive portions, one after another, (AA, S, K,) or, as some say, on the condition of his taking a portion of it every day, (TA,) until he has taken the whole of his وَجِيبَة: (K:) [which hence appears to signify both the act above described and also what is due to one of a thing purchased and taken in this manner; but more probably the latter is the only meaning intended]. When a person has finished doing this, one says to him قَدِ اسْتَوْفَيْتَ وَجِيبَتَكَ [Thou hast taken the whole of what was due to thee of the thing purchased and taken by thee in the manner above described]. (S.) وُجُوبِىٌّ Obligatory, or incumbent: opposed to اِمْتِنَانِىٌّ.]

وَجَّابٌ and وجَّابَةٌ: see وَجْبٌ.

وَاجِبٌ Slain: (S:) dying; or dead. (TA.) So in the following verse of Keys Ibn-ElKhateem: أَطَاعَتْ بَنُو عَوْفٍ أَمِيرًا نَهَاهُمُ عَنِ السِّلْمِ حَتَّى كَانَ أَوَّلَ وَاجِبِ [The sons of 'Owf obeyed a commander who forbade them to make peace until he was the first who was slain, or who died]. (S, TA.) A2: وَاجِبٌ [act. part. n. of وَجَبَ; Necessary; requisite; unavoidable: binding, incumbent, or obligatory. In the science of the fundamentals of religion, Necessarily being or existing; of which the nonexistence cannot be mentally conceived: as the essence of God. (IbrD.)] b2: Accord. to [the Imám] Aboo-Haneefeh, وَاجِبٌ [in matters of religion] is not so strong a term as فَرْضٌ: [and so may be rendered incumbent, or obligatory; or that which is a necessary, or indispensable, duty; yet not so decisively or manifestly shown to be such as that which is termed فرض:] or, accord. to Esh-Sháfi'ee, these two terms are syn., signifying [binding, incumbent, or obligatory, by God's express appointment, as] a thing for neglecting which one will be punished: and واجب signifies that which should be preferred and approved; thus explained by ElKhattábee as occurring in the following trad.: غُسْلُ الجُمْعَةِ وَاجِبٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُحْتَلِمٍ The ablution prescribed to be performed on Friday is an act which every one who has experienced a nocturnal pollution should prefer and approve. (TA.) A3: فِعْلٌ وَاجِبٌ [A verb expressing an event as a positive fact] is such, for instance, as in the phrase بَيْنَمَا أَنَا كَذَا إِذْ جَآءَ زَيْدٌ [while I was thus, or in [this state, lo, or behold, Zeyd came]. (S, L, art. اذ.) مُوجَبٌ An effect; that which is produced by an operating cause; a result; a consequence. (Msb.) A2: [كَلَامٌ مُوجَبٌ, lit. An affirmed sentence; i. q. مُثْبَتٌ as contr. of مَنْفِىٌّ; virtually the same as ↓ كَلَامٌ مُوجِبٌ, an affirmative sentence.]

مَوْجِبٌ A place where one falls down and dies; where one dies]. b2: خَرَجَ القَوْمُ إِلَى مَوَاجِبِهِمْ, i. e. الى مَصَارِعِهِمْ; The people went forth to the places where they should be prostrated; or, as implied in the S, where they should full down and die; or where they should die]. (S.) A2: مُوجِبٌ [and ↓ مُوجِبَةٌ] A cause; an efficient; that which produces, or effects, anything. (Msb.) b2: See كَلَامٌ مُوجَبٌ

A3: مُوجِبٌ A name of the month المُحَرَّمُ (K) in ancient times. (TA.) مُوجِبَةٌ A great sin for which one deserves punishment [in the world to come]: (TA:) or a great sin, and also an act of great goodness, which makes [the punishment of] hell, or [the reward of] paradise, the consequence thereof unless followed by repentance &c.] (K.) b2: أَللّٰهُمَّ إِنِّى أَسْأَلُكَ مُوجِبَاتِ رَحْمَتِكَ [O God, I ask of thee those things which will procure thy mercy!]. (TA, from a trad.) b3: See مُوجِبٌ.

مُوَجِّبٌ One who eats but once in the course of a day and a night. (Az, S.) A2: مُوَجِّبٌ A beast of carriage that is frightened at everything. (ISd.) Not known to AM. (TA.) b2: See وَجْبٌ in two places.

أَللّٰهُ مُسْتَوْجِبٌ الحَمْدِ God is worthy, or deserving, of praise; has a right, or just title or claim, to it; deserves it; merits it: syn. هُوَ وَلِيُّهُ, and مُسْتَحِقُّهُ. (TA.)

وجد

1 وَجَدَهُ, aor. ـِ and يَجُدُ, (S, L, Msb, K,) the latter of the dial. of the tribe of 'Ámir (S, L, Msb) Ibn-Saasa'ah, (MF,) and without a parallel (S, L, Msb, K) in verbs of this class, (S, L, Msb,) the و in it being dropped because it falls out in the original form of the aor. , (Msb,) both of which forms are said by several authors to apply to the verb in all its significations, though F seems to restrict the latter to two significations, (TA,) inf. n. وُجُودٌ (S, L, Msb, K) and وِجْدَان (L, Msb, K,) and إِجْدَانٌ, (IAar, L, K,) in which the و is changed into ء, (L,) and وَجْدٌ and وُجْدٌ and جِدَةٌ; (L, K;) and وَجِدَهُ, aor. ـِ (K;) but this form of the verb is not found in the lexicons, [the K only accepted,] (MF,) in the sense here assigned to it; (TA;) He found it; lighted on it; attained it; obtained it by searching or seeking; discovered it; perceived it; saw it; experienced it, or became sensible of it; (F, in the K and in the Basáïr, on the authority of Abu-l-Kásim El-Isbahánee;) namely, a thing sought, sought for or after, or desired; (S, L, K;) and simply a thing. (L.) وُجُود is of several kinds. It is The finding, &c., by means of any one of the five senses: as when one says وَجَدْتُ زَيْدًا [I found, &c., Zeyd]: and وَجَدَتُ طَعْمَهُ, and رَائِحَتَهُ, and صَوْتَهُ, and خُشُونَتَهُ, [I found, or perceived, &c., its taste, and its odour, and its sound, and its roughness]. Also, The finding, &c., by means of the faculty of appetite, [or rather of sensation, which is the cause of appetite:] as when one says وَجَدْتُ الشِّبَعَ [I found, experienced, or became sensible of, satiety]. Also, The finding, &c., by the intellect, or by means of the intellect: of which kind is one's knowing God: and here it should be observed, that وجود attributed to God is simple knowledge: (Abu-l-Kásim El-Isbahánee, cited in the Basáïr:) وَجَدَ اللّٰهُ, wherever it occurs, means God knew. (Er-Rághib, Z, &c.) i. e., in the Kur-án. (TA.) b2: وَجَدَ [He found, in the sense of] he knew [by experience]. (A, TA, &c.) [In this sense, it is a verb of the kind called أَفْعَالُ القُلُوبِ; having two objective complements; the first of which is called its noun, and the second its predicate.] Ex. وَجَدْتُ زَيْدًا ذَا الحِفَاظِ I [found, or] knew Zeyd to possess the quality of defending those things which should be sacred, or inviolable. (A.) Used in this sense, as doubly trans., its inf. n. is وَجْدَانٌ (Akh) and وُجُودٌ. (Seer.) It is also used as singly trans., as syn. with عَلِمَ. (TA.) b3: When وَجَدَ signifies he found, or lighted on, a thing after it had gone away, its inf. n. is وِجْدَانٌ. (IKtt.) b4: وَجَدَ الضَّالَّةَ, (S, A, Msb,) aor. ـِ (Msb) and يَجُدُ, (MF,) inf. n. وَجْدَانٌ (S, Msb) and لَمْ أَجِدْ مِنْ ذٰلِكَ بُدًّا (Msb) [He found the stray beast]. b5: لَمْ أَجِدْ مِنْ ذٰلِكَ بُدًّا, for which one also says لَمْ اجدِ, I found no means of avoiding, or escaping, that. (Kz, TA.) b6: وَجَدَ, (L,) and وَجَدَ فِى المَالِ, (Fs, T, S, L, Msb,) and وَجَدَ المَالَ وَغَيَرَهُ, (Lh, M, K,) aor. ـِ (Lh, M, L, K,) inf. n. وُجْد and وِجد and وَجْدٌ- and جِدَهٌ (Lh, T, S, M, K) and وِجْدَانٌ (T, L) an[id وُجُودٌ, (Yz,) He became possessed of wealth, or property: (T:) or he was, or became, rich; possessed of competence, or sufficiency; in no need; without wants, or with few wants; (S, M, L, K;) so as not to be poor afterwards: (L:) and he gained, acquired, or earned wealth. (Exps. of the Fs.) Hence the saying of the Arabs, وِجْدَانُ الرَّقِينِ يُغَطِّى أَفَنَ الأَفِينِ [The possession of money hides the weakness of judgment of the weak in judgment]. (T, L.) A2: وَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ, (S, L, K, &c.) aor. ـِ (Fs, M, L, K) and يَجُدُ; (M, L, K;) and وَجِدَ, as heard by Fr from certain of the Arabs; (Kzz;) inf. n. مَوْجِدَةٌ, (Fs, S, A, L, Msb, K,) by some pronounced مَوْجَدَةٌ, (Fr,) and وَجْدٌ and جِدَةٌ (L, K) and وِجْدَانٌ (Lh, S, M, L) and وُجُودٌ (Fr, Kzz) He was angry with him: (Fs, S, A, L, Msb, K) or he was angry with him with the anger that proceeds from a friend. (TA, voce عَتْبٌ.) A3: وَجَدَ بِهِ, (aor. ـِ L,) inf. n. وَجْدٌ, He loved him. (L, K.) وَجَدَ بِهَا, (A, L,) and ↓ توّجد, (A,) He loved her; (A, L;) he loved her passionately or fondly. (L.) لَهُ بِهَا وَجْدٌ He has a love [or passionate or fond love] for her. (A.) A4: وَجَدَ, [aor. ـِ ('Eyn, Fs, S, L, Msb, &c.,) and وَجِدَ, [aor. ـْ (El-Hejeree, M, K,) the latter the only form mentioned in the K, but the former is the only form generally known, (MF, TA,) and وَجُدَ, (Lh, M, L,) inf. n. وَجْدٌ, (S, L, Msb, K, &c.,) He grieved; mourned; sorrowed. (S, L, Msb, K, &c.) You say, وَجَدْتُ بِهِ, (Msb,) and لَهُ ↓ توجّدت, (S, L,) I grieved, mourned, or sorrowed, for such a one. (S, L, Msb.) Ibn-Hishám El-Lakhmee says, that in this sense وجد is not transitive: (MF:) [i. e., without a prep.].

A5: وُجِدَ, (inf. n. وُجُودٌ, A, Msb,) It existed; it became existent (A, Msb) from a state of nonexistence. (S, L, K.) 4 اوجدهُ إِيَّاهُ He (God, S, A, L) made him to find, attain, or obtain, it; (Lh, S, A, L, K;) namely, the thing that he sought, sought for or after, or desired; (S, L, K;) or a stray beast. (A.) b2: اوجدهُ He (God, S, &c.) enriched him; made him to be possessed of wealth or property; to be possessed of competence or sufficiency; to be in no need, or without wants, or with few wants. (S, A, L, K.) Ex. الحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ الِّذِى

أَوْجَدَنِى بَعْدَ فَقْرٍ وَآجَدَنِى بَعْدَ ضَعْفٍ Praise be to God who enriched me after poverty and strengthened me after weakness. (S, L.) b3: He strengthened him after weakness; like آجَدَهُ. (K.) [But see what immediately precedes.]

A2: اوجدهُ, (inf. n. إِيجَادٌ, TA,) He (God) made it; meaning, created it; originated it; caused it to be or exist, or to come to pass; brought it into existence (S, L, Msb, K) from a state of nonexistence, (Msb,) not after the similitude of anything preëxisting. (TA.) وَجَدَهُ in this sense is not allowable. (S, L, K.) 5 توجّدهُ He complained of it; namely, sleeplessness by night, (L, K,) &c., (K,) or a particular affair. (L.) A2: See 1, in two places.6 تواجد He feigned, or made a show of, love [or passionate love]. (A.) وَجْدٌ and جِدَةٌ: see وُجْدٌ; and see 1.

وُجْدٌ and ↓ وِجْدٌ and ↓ وَجْدٌ [and ↓ جِدَةٌ &c., see 1,] (the first of which is the most chaste, IKh, MF) Richness, or competence, or sufficiency; state of being in no need, or of having no wants, or few wants: (M, L, K:) ability; capacity; power. (M, L.) b2: هٰذَا مِنْ وُجْدِى This is a result of my power, or ability. (L.) وَاجِدٌ, act. part. n of 1, Finding; or a finder; &c. (L.) b2: Rich; possessing competence, or sufficiency; in no need; without wants, or with few wants; (L;) solvent; one who finds that wherewith to pay what he owes. (A 'Obeyd, L.) Ex. لَىُّ الوَاجِدِ يُحِلُّ عُقُوبَتَهُ The solvent man's putting off the payment of his debt with promises repeated time after time makes his punishment allowable. (L, from a trad. See Mgh art. لوى.) الوَاجِدُ, as an epithet applied to God, He who has no wants. (IAth, L.) A2: هُوَ وَاجِدٌ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ He is angry with his companion. (A.) A3: أَنَا وَاجِدٌ لِلشَّىْءِ I am able to do the thing. (Msb.) A4: هُوَ وَاجِدٌ بِفُلَانَةَ, and عَلَيْهَا, and ↓ مُتَوَجِّدٌ, He is in love [or passionately in love] with such a female. (A.) b2: وُجُدٌ is mentioned in the Towsheeh as a pl. of وَاجِدٌ; but this is strange. (TA.) مَوْجُودٌ, part. n. of وُجِدَ, Being, or existing; come to pass: (S, L, K:) or, as an irreg. pass. part. n. of أَوْجَدَهُ, caused to be, or exist; or to come to pass; brought into existence: (MF:) pl. مَوْجُودَاتٌ: which is a term applied to three kinds of things: namely, that which exists and has neither beginning nor end; and such is only God: that which exists and has a beginning and an end; as the substances of the present world: and that which exists and has a beginning but no end; as men in the world to come. (TA.) b2: [Present.] b3: مَوْجُودٌ A thing within one's power; over which one has power. (Msb.) مُتَوَجِّدٌ: see وَاجِدٌ.

وحد

1 وَحَدَ, aor. ـِ (T, L, Msb;) and وَحِدَ, (Lh, M, L, K,) aor. ـْ (Lh) and يَحِدُ; (K;) with the latter aor. , like وَرِثَ, aor. ـِ but وَحِدَ with this aor. is not mentioned by the lexicologists or grammarians [except F]; (MF;) [and its aor. is therefore probably يَوْحَدُ, only, agreeably with analogy, for which reason it seems to be omitted in the M;] and وَحُدَ, (Lh, M, L, Msb, K,) aor. also يَحِدُ; (K;) but this is without a parallel, and without any authority [except F]; (MF;) or يَوْحَدُ; (L;) [but this is also extr., and is probably a mistake for يَوْحُدُ, which is the form agreeable with analogy;] inf. n. حِدَةٌ (T, M, L, Msb, K) and وَحْدٌ (M, L, K) and وَحَدٌ (L) and وَحْدَةٌ, (L, K,) or وُحْدَةٌ, (as in some copies of the K and in the TA) and وُحُودٌ (K) and وَحَادَةٌ (M, L, Msb, K) and وُحُودَةٌ; (K;) He, or it, was, or became, alone, by himself or itself, apart from others; (T, L, Msb;) as also [↓ إِتَّحَدَ; and ↓ توحّد; and] ↓ استوحد; (A:) he was, or became, alone, without anyone to cheer him by his society, company, or conversation: (L:) he remained alone, by himself, apart from others; (Lh, M, L, K;) as also ↓ توحّد. (M, L, K.) See also 5, below.2 وحّدهُ, (inf. n. تَوْحِيدٌ, K,) He made it one; or called it one: (K:) like as one says ثَنَاهُ, and ثَلَّثَهُ: (S, L:) as also أَحَّدَهُ. (TA.) Similar verbs are formed from the other nouns significant of numbers, to عَشَرَةٌ. (Esh-Sheybánee, K.) b2: وحّد لِامْرَأَتِهِ, or عِنْدَهَا, He remained one night with his wife: and in like manner the verb is used in relation to any saying or action. (TA, voce سَبَّعَ.) b3: وحّد اللّٰهَ, inf. n. تَوْحِيدٌ, He asserted, or declared, God to be one: he asserted, declared, or preferred belief in, the unity of God: as also احّدهُ. (T, L.) b4: التَّوْحِيدُ The belief in God alone; (L, K;) in his unity. (L.) 4 اوحد اللّٰهُ جَانِبَهُ [God rendered him solitary]; i. e., he remained alone; (K;) or was made to remain alone. (L.) b2: اوحدهُ لِلْأَعْدَآءِ He left him [alone] to the enemies. (L, K.) b3: اوحدهُ He (God) made him the unequalled one of his time: (S, L, K:) made him to have no equal. (A.) b4: اوحدهُ النَّاسُ The people left him alone, or by himself. (L.) b5: أَوْحَدْتُهُ بِرُؤْيَتِى, inf. n. إِيحَادٌ, [I singled him by my sight;] I saw none save him. (S, L.) b6: اوحدت She (a ewe) brought forth one only: (S, K:) like

أَفَذَّتْ. (S.) b7: اوحدت بِهِ She (a woman) brought him forth an unequalled one. (L, from a trad.) 5 توحّد اللّٰهُ بِعِصْمَتِهِ, (S,) or توحّدهُ بعصمته, (L, K,) God protected him himself, not committing him to the care of another. (S, L, K.) b2: توحّد بَالأَمْرِ He was, or became, alone, without any to share or participate with him, in the affair. (L.) b3: توحّد بِرَأْيِهِ He was, or became, alone, without any to share, or participate with him, in his opinion. (S, L.) b4: See 1.8 إِوْتَحَدَ [اِتَّحَدَ It was, or became, one. And hence, اِتَّحَدَ مَعَهُ He was, or became, one with him in interests &c.] b2: اتّحد It (a number of things, or substances, two and more, KT,) became one. (KT, KL.) See 1.10 إِسْتَوْحَدَ see 1.

حِدَةٌ: see وَحْدٌ. b2: فَعَلَهُ مِنْ ذَاتِ حِدَتِهِ, and عَلَى ذات حدته, and من ذِى حدته, and من ذات نَفْسِهِ, and من ذات رَأْيِهِ, He did it of himself; of his own accord; of his own judgment. (Az, L, K.) وَحْدٌ: see 1, and وَحِيدٌ. b2: رَأَيْتُهُ وَحْدَهُ (S, L, K) I saw him alone. (S, L.) وحد is here an inf. n., having no dual nor pl. (K.) The Koofees hold it to be in the acc. case as an adv. n. of place: the Basrees, as an inf. n., in every instance; as though thou saidst أَوْحَدْتُهُ بِرُؤْيَتِى إِبحَادًا, meaning “ I saw none save him,” and then substituted وحده: or, as Abu-l-'Abbás says, it may mean the man's being himself alone; as though thou saidst رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا مُنْفَرِدًا اِنْفِرَادًا, and then substituted وحده. (S.) Or it is in the acc. case as a denotative of state accord. to the Basrees [and the grammarians in general]; not as an inf. n., J being in error in what he says on this matter: (IB, K:) the Basrees hold it to be a noun occupying the place of an inf. n. in the acc. case as a denotative of state; like جَآءَ زَيْدٌ رَكْضًا, meaning رَاكِضًا: (IB:) excepting some of them, as Yoo, who holds it to be in the acc. case as an adv. n. of place, for عَلَى وَحْدِهِ, (IB, K,) like عِنْدَهُ: (TA:) and there is a third opinion, that of Hishám; that it is in the acc. case as an inf. n. (L.) Or, (accord. to IAar, L,) it is a noun used as a noun absolutely: (L, K:) so in the dial. of the Benoo-Temeem: (Msb:) you say جَلَسَ وَحْدَهُ, and عَلَى وَحْدِهِ, and جَلَسَا عَلَى وَحْدِ هِمَا, and وَحْدَيْهِمَا, and جَلَسُوا عَلَى وَحْدِهِمْ, [He sat alone, and they two sat alone, and they sat alone]. (L, K.) When not preceded by a prefixed n. [or a prep.], it is always in the acc. case: (Lth, L:) you say, لَا إِلَاَه إِلَّا اللّٰهُ وَحْدَهُ [There is no deity but God alone]: and مَرَرْتُ بِزَيْدٍ وَحْدَهُ [I passed by Zeyd alone]: (L:) [excepting in a few cases, such as the phrases]

قُلْنَا هٰذَا الأَمْرَ وَحْدَيْنَا [We two alone said this thing], and قَالَتَاهُ وَحْدَيْهُمَا [They two women alone said it]; mentioned by Az. (L.) Yousay also, هٰذَا عَلَى وَحْدِهِ, and ↓ عَلَى حِدَتِهِ, This is by itself; (L, K;) and هُمَا عَلَى حِدَتِهِمَا They two are by themselves: and هُمْ عَلَى حِدَتِهِمْ They are by themselves: (L:) and أَعْطِ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ

مَنْهُمْ عَلَى حِدَتِهِ Give thou to every one of them by himself; syn. على حِيَالِهِ. (S.) The ة in حِدَةٌ is a substitute for the و (S, L) which is cut off from the beginning. (L.) b3: وَحْدٌ, (K,) or ↓ وَحَدٌ, (L,) A wild animal alone, by itself, or apart from others. (L, K.) b4: وَحَدٌ, (K,) or ↓ وَحَدٌ, (L,) A man whose lineage and origin are unknown. (Lth, L, K.) b5: وَحْد is used as the complement of a prefixed n. only in the following phrases: (A'Obeyd, S, L:) هُوَ نَسِيجُ وَحْدِهِ, which is an expression of praise; (S, L, K;) meaning, (tropical:) He is one unequalled; one who has no second: (L:) or he is a man of right judgment: you say also هُمَا نَسِيجَا وَحْدِهِمَا, and هُمْ نُسَجَآءُ وَحْدِهِمْ, and هِىَ نَسِيجَةُ وَحْدِهَا, and هُنَّ نَسَائِجُ وَحْدِهِنَّ: (Lth, L:) [see art. نسج:] it is as though you said نَسِيجُ إِفْرَادٍ: you put وحده in the place of an inf. n. in the gen. case: (S:) and رَجُلُ وَحْدِهِ, (IAar, L,) and رُجَيْلُ وَحْدِهِ, (S, L,) [A man unequalled; who has no second, and a little man (probably meaning the contr.) &c.]: and قَرِيعُ وَحْدِهِ A man with whom no one contends in excellence: (Lth, L:) and عُيَيْرُ وَحْدِهِ, and جُحَيْشُ وَحْدِهِ, which are expressions of dispraise; (S, L, K;) meaning, (tropical:) One who does not consult, nor mix with, any one, and who is contemptible and weak: (Sh, L:) وَحْد being used in the manner of an inf. n., not being an epithet nor an enunciative so as to be in concordance with the preceding noun, would be more properly in the acc. case; but the Arabs use it in these instances as the complement of a prefixed n.: (Lth, L:) these expressions are indeterminate: for the Arabs say, رُبَّ نَسِيجِ وَحْدِهِ قَدْ رَأَيْتُ (tropical:) [Few unequalled men have I seen]. (Hishám, Fr., L.) وَحَدٌ: see وَحْدٌ and وَحِيدٌ.

وَحِدٌ: see وَحِيدٌ.

وَحْدَةٌ The state of being alone, or apart from others; solitariness; solitude. (Sb, S.) See 1. b2: وَحْدَةُ القَبْرِ [The solitude of the grave]. (A.) b3: [لَيْلَةُ الوَحْدَةِ The night of solitude; the first night after burial: so called because the soul is believed to remain in the grave during this night, and then to depart to the place appointed for the residence of good souls until the last day, or to the appointed prison in which wicked souls await their final doom. See also لَيْلَةٌ الوَحْشَةِ.]

وَحْدَانِيَّةٌ The unity of God: (L, K: *) as also أَحْدِيَّةٌ. (Msb.) وَحْدَانِيٌّ One who is singular in his religious opinions; who separates himself from the general body of believers: a rel. n. from الوَحْدَةُ; the ا and ن being added to give intensiveness to the signification. (L.) وُحَادَ: see مَوْحَدَ.

وَحِيدٌ (S, L, Msb, K) and ↓ مُتَوَحِّدٌ (L, K) and ↓ وَحَدٌ and ↓ وَحِدٌ (S, L, Msb, K) and ↓ وَحْدٌ (M, L) and ↓ وَاحِدٌ (L) A man alone; by himself; apart from others; solitary; lonely: (S, M, L, Msb, K;) as also أَحَدٌ: (M, L, K:) or, accord. to Az, one should not say رَجُلٌ أَحَدٌ, nor دِرْهَمٌ أَحَدٌ, nor شَىْءٌ أَحَدٌ, though some of the lexicologists assert that أَحَدٌ is originally وَحَدٌ: for أَحَدٌ is an epithet applied to God alone: (L:) the fem. epithet used in this sense is وَحِدَةٌ: (K:) and ↓ وَاحِدٌ in this sense receives the dual form: and the pl. is وُحْدَانٌ and أَحْدَانٌ and وِحَادٌ. (L.) رَجُلٌ وَحِيدٌ A man who has no one to cheer him by his society, conversation, or company. And ↓ رَجُلٌ مُتَوَحِّدٌ A man who remains alone, by himself, apart from others, or solitary, not mixing with other people, not sitting with them. (L.) See also وَحْدٌ.

وَاحِدٌ One; the first of the numbers: (S, L, Msb, K:) syn. [in many cases, which will be shown below,] with أَحَدٌ: (K:) [and one alone: a single person or thing:] fem. وَاحِدَةٌ: (L, Msb:) it sometimes receives the dual form; (L, K;) as in the expression إِلْتَقَيْنَا وَاحِدَيْنِ [We met, we being each of us one alone]; cited from a poet by IAar: or the dual form pertains to it in another sense, explained below, namely “ alone: ” (L:) pl. وَاحِدُونَ (S, L, K) and وُحْدَانٌ and أُحْدَانٌ; (S, L;) in the last of which, أ is substituted for و because of the dammeh: (L:) one says, أَنْتُمْ حَىٌّ وَاحِدٌ, and حَىٌّ وَاحِدُونَ, (Ye are one tribe, L) like as one says شِرْذِمَةٌ قَلِيلُونَ: (Fr, S, L:) آحَادٌ may also be a pl. of وَاحِدٌ [and therefore originally أَوْحَادٌ,] like as أَشْهَادٌ is pl. of شَاهِدٌ. (Th, Msb.) Its proper signification is A thing having no subdivision: and it is secondarily applied to any existing thing; so that there is no number to which it may not be applied as an epithet; wherefore one says, عَشَرَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ [One ten], and مِائَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ [One hundred]. (Er-Rághib.) It is interchangeable for أَحَدٌ when used as an epithet applied to God; and in certain nouns of number. [See art. أحد.] In most cases differing from these two, there is a difference in usage. The latter is used in affirmative phrases as a prefixed noun only, governing the noun which follows it in the gen. case; and is used absolutely in negative phrases: whereas the former is used in affirmative phrases as a prefixed n. and otherwise. (Msb.) [See, again, art. أَحد.] b2: ↓ لَسْتُ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ بأَوِْحَدَ I am not alone, without a parallel, or watch, in this affair: (S, * L, K: *) or simply, I am not alone in it. (T, L.) The fem. وَحْدَآءُ is not used. (S, L.) b3: أُحْدَانٌ, the pl. of ↓ اوحد, is applied by a poet to dogs having no equals or matches. (S, L.) b4: فُلَانٌ لَا وَاحِدَ لَهُ Such a one has no equal, like, parallel, or match. (S, M, L.) b5: Also, One that has no equal; one unequalled. (L.) b6: فُلَانٌ وَاحِدُ دَهْرِهِ Such a person is the unequalled one of his age. (S, L.) And in like manner, (TA,) أَهْلِ زَمَانِهِ ↓ فُلَانٌ أَوْحَدُ (S, L) Such a person is the unequalled one of the people of his time. (TA.) The pl. of ↓ اوحد [as well as of واحد in the same sense] is أُحْدَانٌ, (originally وُحْدَانٌ, S) like as سُودَانٌ is pl. أَسْوَدُ. (S, L.) b7: وَاحِدُ أُمِّهِ [An unequalled son of his mother], is an indeterminate expression, like نَسِيجُ وَحْدِهِ, q. v. (Hishám, Fr. L.) b8: Also, A man pre-eminent in knowledge or science, or in valour in war, (L, K [in the CK, for بَأْس is put ناس]) or in other qualities; as though having no equal, and thus being alone: (L:) pl. وُحْدَانٌ and أُحْدانٌ. (L, K.) b9: الوَاحِدُ and الأَحَدُ (T, L) and ↓ الأَوْحَدُ and ↓ المُتَوَحِّدُ, (M, L, K,) epithets applied to God, The One, the Sole; He whose attribute is unity: (M, L, K:) or the first signifies the One in essence, who has no like nor equal; and the second, the One in attributes, beside whom there is no other: or the first, the One who is not susceptible of division into parts or portions, nor of duplication, and who has no equal nor like: (TL:) or the One who has ever been alone, without companion: (IAth, L:) and there is no being but God to whom the first and second of these epithets are applicable together, or to whom the second is applicable alone. (T, L.) See also أَحَدٌ, in art. أحد. b10: الإِنْسَانُ وَالفَرَسُ وَاحِدٌ فِى الجِنْسِ The human being and the horse are one in genus. And زَيْد وَعَمرْوٌ وَاحِدٌ فِى النَّوْعِ Zeyd and 'Amr are one in species. (Er-Rághib.) b11: وَاحِدٌ Singular, as opposed to plural: pl. وُحْدَانٌ. (The lexicons, passim.) b12: أَصْحَابِى وَأَصْحَابُكَ وَاحِدٌ [Thy companions and my companions are one and the same]. And الجُلُوسُ وَالقُعُود وَاحِدٌ [الجلوس and القعود are one and the same]. (L.) b13: See وَحِيدٌ. b14: حَادِىَ عَشَرَ, masc., and حَادِيَةَ عَشْرَةَ, fem., Eleventh. In this case, [and in similar instances, as حَادِى وَعِشْرُونَ Twentyfirst, &c.,] حادى and حادية are formed by transposition from وَاحِدٌ and وَاحِدَةٌ, by putting the first radical letter after the second. [When without the article, it is indecl.: but when rendered determinate by the article, the first word is decl.] You say, هُوَ حَادِىَ عَشَرَهُمْ [He is the eleventh of them]: and اليَوْمُ الحَادِى عَشَرَ [The eleventh day]: and اللَّيْلَةُ الحَادِيَةُ عَشْرَةَ [The eleventh night]. (ISd, L.) [The rules respecting حَادِىَ عَشَرَ and its fem. are the same as those respecting ثَالِثَ عَشَرَ and its fem., explained in art. ثلث, q. v.] b15: بِوَاحِدَةٍ signifies i. q. فَقَطْ: and is often used in the sense of البَتَّةَ. (MF, voce ذُرُّوحٌ.) إِحْدَى: see art. أحد.

أُحَادَ: see مُوْحَدَ.

أَوْحَدُ: see وَاحِدٌ.

مُوحِدٌ A ewe bringing forth, or that brings forth, one ewe only. (S, K.) [See مُغْرِدٌ.]

مَوْحَدَ and ↓ وُحَادَ and أُحَادَ [used adverbially] are imperfectly decl. because of their having the quality of an epithet and deviating from their original form, (S, L,) which is وَاحِدًا: (L, K:) or because they differ from their original both as to the letter and the meaning; the original word being changed as above stated, and the meaning being changed to وَاحِدًا وَاحِدًا: (S, L:) you say دَخَلُوا مَوْحَدَ مَوْحَدَ, (S, L, K,) [and وُحَادَ وُحَادَ,] and أُحَادَ أُحَادَ, (L, K,) They entered one [and] one, [one and one]; or one [by] one, [one by one]; (K;) or one at a time; one after another. (S, L.) مُوَحَّدَةٌ, (not مُوحَدَةٌ,) conv. term in lexicology, Having one diacritical point; one-pointed: an epithet added to باء to prevent its being mistaken for تاء, ثاء, or ياء. (The lexicons, passim.)]

مِيحَادٌ One of several hills, such as are called أَكَمَات, separate or remote, one from another: pl. مَوَاحِيدُ. (L, K.) F remarks, that J is in error in saying, المِيحَادُ مِنَ الوَاحِدِ كَالمِعْشَارِ مِنَ العَشَرَةِ: (TA:) but the meaning of this is, that it denotes one part or portion; like as مِعْشَارٌ signifies one of ten: (L:) [i. e., the former signifies one of several things whereof each is alone, or by itself:] and the same explanation is given by [several] old authors. (TA.) [In one copy of the S, instead of العَشَرَة, I find العُشْر; which affords a good sense, i. e., that ميحاد, is syn. with وَاحِدٌ; and may be the true reading.]

مُتَوَحِّدٌ: see وَحِيدٌ and وَاحِدٌ.

وزر

1 وَزَرَ, (A, Mgh, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. وِزْرٌ, with kesr, (K,) He bore, or carried, a heavy load, or burden. (A, Mgh, K.) It is said in the Kur, [vi. 164, &c.,] وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى

Nor shall any [soul] bearing [a heavy burden] bear the [heavy] burden of another soul; (S;) i. e., its burden of sin: (Mgh, Msb:) meaning, that no one shall be punished for the sin of another; nor shall any sinning soul bear the heavy burden of another soul; every one shall be requited for his [own] deeds: (TA:) or nor shall any sinning [soul] sin by the sin of another. (Akh, S, TA.) b2: Hence, (Akh, S,) وَزَرَ, (Akh, S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ and وَزِرَ, aor. ـْ (Akh, S, A, Msb, K;) and وُزِرَ (the same and A,) aor. ـز (Akh, S, K;) inf. n. وِزْرٌ and وَزْرٌ and زِرَةٌ, (K,) or وِزْرَةٌ, accord. to Zj, as I have seen it [says IM] pointed and well written; (L;) (tropical:) He sinned: (Akh, S, A, K:) or he bore [a burden of] sin-(Msb.) See also 8. b3: وُزِرَ also signifies (tropical:) He was charged with, or accused of, a sin. (K, * TA.) b4: وَزَرَ لِلْأَمِيرِ, (A,) and لِلْسُّلْطَانِ, (Msb, [this I believe to be the right reading; but in the only copy of the Msb, that I have, I find it written السلطان;]) aor. ـِ (A, Msb;) inf. n. وَزَارَةٌ; (A;) and لِلْأَمِيرِ ↓ توزّر, (S.) or لَلْمَلِكِ; (K;) and ↓ وَازرهُ; (S, K;) (tropical:) He was, or became, وَزِير [or vicegerent] (S, A, Msb, K) to the governor, (S, A,) or sultán, (Msb,) or king. (K.) 3 وَاْزَرَ [وَازرهُ He bore a burden with him. b2: [Hence,] وازر المَلِكَ أَعْبَآءَ المُلْكِ (tropical:) He bore with the king (حَامَلَهُ) the burden of the regal office. (A.) See also 1, last signification. b3: وازرهُ عَلَى

الأَمْرِ, (TA,) inf. n. مُوَازَرَةٌ, (A, TA,) He aided, assisted, or helped, him, and strengthened him, to do the thing: originally آزَرَهُ: (A, * TA:) the former of these, وازره, is the more chaste. (TA.) 4 اوزرهُ He appointed him a وَزَر, (K, TA,) i. e., a place of refuge to which to betake himself. (TA.) 5 تَوَزَّرَ see 1, last signification.8 إِتَّزَرَ, of the measure إِفْتَعَلَ, (S, Msb,) [originally إِوْتَزَرَ,] (tropical:) He committed a وِزْر, (S, K,) i. e., a sin. (Msb, TA.) 10 إِستوزرهُ (tropical:) He took him, or chose him, as a وَزِير [or vicegerent]. (K.) You say, أُسْتُوزِرَ فُلَانٌ (tropical:) Such a one was taken, or chosen, as a وزير. (S, A. *) وِزْرٌ A heavy load or burden, (A, Mgh, K,) a bundle, (S,) or great bundle, (K,) that is carried on the back: (S, K:) a weight; syn. ثقل: (S, [in which the syn. is written ثِقْل: so in two copies; and so app. accord. to A 'Obeyd, who makes its pl. أَثْقَال:] and Msb [in which, in my copy, the syn. is written without syll. signs:] and K [in which it is written ثِقَل:]) pl. أَوْزَارٌ. (Msb, K.) b2: (tropical:) A weapon; an instrument of war: or weapons; arms: syn. سِلَاحٌ: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) because heavy upon the wearer: (Mgh, Msb:) or أَوْزَارٌ signifies the burdens and instruments of war, &c.; and the sing. is وِزْرٌ; (A 'Obeyd, TA;) or it has no sing., accord. to some. (TA.) A poet says, (S,) namely El-Aashà, (Mgh, TA.) وَأَعْدَدْتُ لِلْحَرْبِ أَوْزَارَهَا رِمَاحًا طِوَالًا وَخَيْلًا ذُكُورَا [And I prepared for the war its weapons and other apparatus; long lances and male horses]. (S, Mgh, TA.) And it is said in the Kur, [xlvii. 5,] حَيَّى تَضَعَ الْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا, meaning, (tropical:) Until the war terminates: (Mgh, Msb:) because then the people thereof lay down their arms: (Mgh:) properly, until the people of the war lay down their burdens: (Msb:) their weapons and burdens: or, as some say, their sins. (Bd.) b3: (tropical:) A sin: (S, Bd, ubi supra, and Msb, K:) and [especially] polytheism: (Fr, Bd, TA:) pl. as above. (Bd, Msb, &c.) This is the sense in which it is most frequently used in the traditions. (IAth.) وَزَرٌ A mountain: this is the primary signification: (S:) or a mountain difficult of access, or strong: (K, TK:) or a mountain to which one betakes himself for refuge: this is the primary signification. (Aboo-Is-hák.) b2: A place of refuge: (S, Msb, K:) any such place. (Aboo-Is-hák, K.) So in the Kur, lxxv. 11. (TA.) b3: See also وَزِيرٌ.

وَزِيرٌ i. q. مُوَازِرٌ [One who bears a burden or burdens with another: or one who aids, assists or helps, and strengthens, another: see 3:] (S, A, K:) like as أَكِيلٌ signifies i. q. مُؤَاكِلٌ, (S,) and جَلِيسٌ i. q. مُجَالِسٌ. (A.) b2: (tropical:) [A vicegerent of a king or the like: or a confidential minister of state: in English commonly written vizier, in imitation of the Turkish pronunciation; but properly, wezeer:] the familiar of the king, who bears his master's burden, and aids him by his counsel: (K:) or the وزير of the king is the person who bears with him (يُوَازِرُهُ, i. e. يُحَامِلُهُ,) the burdens of the regal office: not from مُوَازَرَةٌ, signifying the “ act of aiding or the like,” because the و in this latter word is substituted for ء, and the derivative from it of the measure فَعِيلٌ is أَزِيرٌ: (A:) ISd says, some hold that the و in وزير is substituted for ء; but Abu-l-'Abbás says, that this is not agreeable with analogy; for the substitution of ء for و in a word of this measure is rare, and that of و for ء is more strange: (TA:) the وزير is so called because he bears for the king the burden of administration: (S, * Msb:) or it is from ↓ وَزَرٌ, signifying “ a mountain to which one has recourse to save himself from destruction: ” so the وزير of the khaleefeh is one upon whose counsel the khaleefeh relies in his affairs, and to whom he betakes himself for refuge or safety: (Aboo-Is-hák, TA:) pl. وُزَرَآءُ (A, Msb, K) and أَوْزَارٌ; (A, K;) the latter like أَشْرَافٌ and أَيْتَامٌ, (A, TA,) pls. of شَرِيفٌ and يَتِيمٌ. (TA.) وِزَارَةٌ and وَزَارَةٌ The condition, or office, of a وَزِير: (S, Msb, K:) the former word is the more approved. (ISk, Msb.) وَازِرٌ Bearing, or carrying, a heavy load, or burden. (A.) b2: [Hence,] also, (A,) and ↓ مَوْزُورٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) (tropical:) Sinning: (S, A, K:) or bearing [a burden of] sin. (Msb.) مَأْزُورَاتٍ occurs in a trad., for مَوْزُورَاتٍ, the regular form, because it is there coupled with مَأْجُورَاتٍ, to which it is opposed. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) مَوْزُورٌ: see وَازِرٌ.

وقر

1 وَقَرَ as syn. with أَوْقَرَ: and وُقِرَتِ النَّخْلَةُ as syn. with أَوْقَرَت: see 4.

A2: [Hence,] وَقَرَ اللّٰهُ أُذُنَهُ, aor. ـِ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. وَقْرٌ, (S, Msb,) (tropical:) God made his ear heavy, or dull of hearing: (Msb, K: *) or deaf. (S, K.) You say, أَللّٰهُمَّ قِرْ أَذُهَهُ (tropical:) O God, make his ear heavy, or dull of hearing: (A:) or deaf. (S.) b2: [Hence also,] وَقِرَتْ أُذُنُهُ, (ISk, S, TA,) aor. ـق inf. n. وَقْرٌ; (ISk, TA;) and وَقِرَتْ, aor. ـْ (S, Msb, TA;) and وَقَرَتْ, aor. ـِ (Msb, TA;) inf. n. وَقْرٌ, (S, Msb, TA,) which by rule should be وَقَرٌ, as inf. n. of وَقِرَتْ, (S, TA,) but which is regular as inf. n. of وَقَرَتْ; (TA;) (tropical:) His ear was, or became, heavy, or dull of hearing: (Msb, TA: *) or deaf: (S, TA:) but in the K we find, less properly, وَقَرَ and وَقِرَ, [as though signifying he (a man) was, or became, dull of hearing: or deaf:] inf. n. وَقْرٌ, which by rule should be وَقَرٌ; and وُقِرَ, like عُنِىَ. (TA.) You say also, وَقَرَتْ أُذُنِى عَنْهُ (tropical:) [My ear was dull of hearing, or deaf, to (lit. from) him]: (A:) and وُقِرَتْ عَنِ اسْتِمَاعِ كَلَامِهِ (tropical:) [it was dull of hearing, or deaf, to (lit. from) the hearing of, or listening to, his speech]. (A, TA: but in the latter, وَقِرَتْ.) b3: [Hence also,] وَقَرَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. وَقارٌ, (assumed tropical:) He, or it, was, or became, still, or motionless; rested; syn. سَكَنَ. (TA.) So in the phrase وَقَرَ فِى القَلْبِ (assumed tropical:) It (a thing) rested in the heart, or mind: and وَقَرَفِى

صَدْرِهِ (assumed tropical:) it (a secret) rested in his bosom: occurring in a trad., accord. to different relations. (TA.) You say also, كَلَّمْتُهُ كَلِمَةً وَقَرَتْ فِى أُذُنِهِ (tropical:) I spoke to him a speech which rested (ثَبَتَتْ) in his ear. (As, A.) And وَقَرَ فِى السَّمْعِ وَوَعَاهُ القَلْبُ (tropical:) [It rested in the ear; and the heart, or mind, kept it in memory]. (A.) And وَقَرَ فِى قَلْبِهِ كَذَا (tropical:) Such a thing came into his mind and left its impression remaining. (A.) b4: [And hence,] وَقَرَ, aor. ـِ (Msb, K, TA;) and وَقِرَ, aor. ـْ (TA;) inf. n. وَقْرٌ, (K, TA,) of the former, (TA,) and وُقُورَةٌ, (K, TA,) of the latter; (TA;) (tropical:) He (a man, TA) sat: (K, TA:) or he sat with وَقَار [i. e. gravity, &c.]. (Msb.) b5: [Hence also,] وَقَرَ, aor. ـِ (S, K;) and وَقُرَ, aor. ـَ (Msb, K;) inf. n. وَقَارٌ, (S, Msb, K,) of the former, (S,) or of the latter, (Msb, K,) and قِرَةٌ, of the former, (S, K,) and وَقَارَةٌ, of the latter; (K;) He was, or became, grave, staid, steady, sedate, or calm; (S, Msb, K;) [see وَقَارٌ, below;] as also ↓ إِتَّقَرَ and ↓ تَوَقَّرَ: (K:) or this last, signifies he showed, exhibited, or manifested, gravity, staidness, steadiness, sedateness, or calmness: (KL:) [and also, agreeably with analogy, he endeavoured, or he constrained himself, to be grave, &c.] It is said in the Kur. [xxxiii. 33,] وَقِرْنَ فِى بُيُوتِكُنَّ [meaning, accord. to some, and be ye grave, &c., in your houses, or chambers]: (S, A:) or the meaning is, and sit ye, &c.: (TA:) and so another reading, وَقَزْنَ: (TA:) or this latter, (S,) or each of these two readings, (TA,) is from القَرَارُ, (S,) [i. e.,] from قَرَّ, aor. ـَ and يَقِرُّ; (TA;) and is a contraction of إِقْرَرْنَ [or إِقْرِرْنَ]. (S.) 2 وقّرهُ, inf. n. تَوْقِيرٌ, (assumed tropical:) He made him (a beast of carriage) to be still, or quiet. (K, TA.) b2: (tropical:) He pronounced him, or held, or reckoned him, to be grave, staid, steady, sedate, or calm; syn. of the inf. n. تَرْزِينٌ. (S.) b3: (tropical:) He treated him, with honour, reverence, veneration, or respect; (S, A, K, TA;) did not hold him in light estimation. (A, TA.) 4 اوقرهُ (inf. n. إِيقَارٌ and قِرَةٌ, K, which latter is anomalous, TA,) He loaded him: (S, A, Msb, K:) or loaded him heavily: (A, K:) namely a camel, (S, Msb,) or a beast (K) or a mule, and an ass: (A:) [see وِقْرٌ, below: and ↓ وَقَرَهُ, aor. ـِ signifies the same; and its inf. n. seems to be وَقْرَى, q. v., as also, probably, وَقْرٌ: وَقَرَ, aor. ـِ is explained by Golius, as on the authority of Ibn-Maaroof, as signifying “ gravavit, aggravavit. ”] You say, أَوْقَرَ الدَّابَّةَقِرَةً شَدِيدَةً [He loaded the beast of carriage severely]. (TA.) And أَوْقَرَ رَاحِلَتَهُ ذَهَبًا He loaded his riding-camel with a load, or heavy load, of gold. (TA.) b2: اوقرهُ الدَّيْنُ (tropical:) Debt burdened him, or burdened him heavily. (S, A. *) b3: أَوْقَرَتِ النَّخْلَةُ, (S, A, Msb,) and ↓ وُقِرَتْ, (A,) The palm-tree became laden, or heavily laden, with fruit; (A;) became abundant in fruit. (S, Msb.) b4: And أَوْقَرَ, or أُوقِرَ, (accord. to different copies of the S, in art. دم,) [or اوقر شَحْمًا or بِالشَّحْمِ,] said of a camel &c., i. q. دُمَّ بِالشَّحْمِ [He was, or became, loaded, or overspread, with fat: see دُمَّ]. (S, in that art.) 5 تَوَقَّرَ see 1, last signification.8 إِوْتَقَرَ see 1, last signification.10 استوقر وِقْرَهُ طَعَامًا He took, or received, his load, or heavy load, of wheat or other food. (K.) b2: استوقرت الإِبِلُ, (K, TA,) or استوقرت الإِبِلُ شَحْمًا (A,) The camels became fat; (K;) [lit.] carried fat: (TA:) or became heavy with fatness. (A.) وَقْرٌ A heaviness in the ear; (S, A, K;) a heaviness, or dulness, of hearing: (Msb, TA:) or deafness; entire loss of hearing. (K, TA.) See 1.

وِقْرٌ A load, (S, A, Msb, K,) in a general sense, (A, K, TA,) whether heavy or light or moderate, (TA,) of a mule and of an ass and of a camel; (Msb;) or mostly of a mule and of an ass; that of a camel being mostly termed وَسْقٌ: (S, TA:) or a heavy load: (A, K:) or a weight that is carried upon the back or head: (TA:) pl. أَوْقَارٌ. (A, K.) You say, جَآءَ يَحْمِلُ وِقْرَهُ He came carrying his load [&c.]. (S.) وَقَرٌ, or وَقُرٌ: see وَقُورٌ.

أُذُنٌ وَقِرَةٌ: see مَوْقُورٌ.

وَقْرَى: see مُوقَرٌ.

وَقَارٌ Gravity, staidness, steadiness, calmness; syn. رَزَانَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and حِلْمٌ, (S, Msb,) and سَكِينَةٌ, and وَدَاعَةٌ; (L, TA;) and ↓ تَيْقُورٌ is syn. with وَقَارٌ [in this sense], (S, K,) of the measure فَيْعُولٌ, (K,) originally وَيْقُورٌ, (S,) the و being changed into ت: (S, K:) [see 1:] or, accord. to some, it is syn. with تَوْقِيرٌ. (TA.) El-'Ajjáj says, فَإِنْ يَكُنْ أَمْسَى البِلَى تَيْقُورِى

i. e. امسى وَقَارِى. [And if wear, or waste, hath become the cause of my gravity, &c.: or, if it be syn. with تَوْقِيرِى, the cause of making me still, or quiet]. (S, TA.) Some make it to be of the measure تَفْعُولٌ, like تَذْنْوبٌ, &c. (TA.) b2: Also, The greatness, or majesty, of God: as in the Kur. lxxi. 12. (S. [See 1, in art. رجو.]) b3: See also وَقُورٌ.

وَقُورٌ (S, A, K) and ↓ وَقَارٌ, and ↓ وَقُرٌ, (K,) or ↓ وَقَرٌ, (L,) and ↓ مُتَوَقِّرٌ, (TA,) Grave; staid; sedate; calm: applied to a man: (S, A, K, TA:) and the first applied also to a woman: (K:) pl. of the first, وُقُرٌ, (A, TA,) applied to men, (A,) and to women. (TA.) وَقِيرٌ (tropical:) Heavily burdened with debt. (TA.) b2: أُذُنٌ وَقِيرَةٌ: see مَوْقُورٌ.

جَنَانٌ وَاقِرٌ (tropical:) A heart which fright does not make to flutter. (A.) تَيْقُورٌ: see وَقَارٌ.

مُوقَرٌ [Laden;] having a load: or [heavily laden;] having a heavy load: [as also ↓ مَوْقُورٌ:] applied to a man: (K:) and also [the former] applied to a woman, in the same sense: (TA:) or you apply to a woman the epithet مُوقَرَةٌ, meaning, bearing a heavy burden. (Fr, S, TA.) You say also ↓ دَابَّةٌ وَقْرَى, meaning ↓ مَوْقُورَةٌ [A beast of carriage laden: or heavily laden]: (K:) but ISd holds that ↓ وَقْرَى is used elliptically, for ذَاتُ وَقْرَى, and is an inf. n., of the measure فَعْلَى, like حَلْقَى and عَقْرَى. (TA.) [↓ مَوْقُورٌ, in the same sense, is also applied to a ship; as in the Expos. of the Jel, ii. 159.] b2: نَخْلَةٌ مُوقَرَةٌ, (S, A, K,) and ↓ مُوقِرَةٌ, (S, K,) and ↓ مُوقِرٌ, (S, A, K,) like as one says, إِمْرَأَةٌ حَامِلٌ, (S,) and مُوقَرٌ, which is anomalous, (S, K,) and ↓ مِيقَارٌ, (K,) and ↓ مَوْقُورَةٌ, (A,) and ↓ مُوَقَّرَةٌ, (K,) A palm-tree laden, or heavily laden, with fruit; (A, K;) abounding in fruit: (S:) pl. [of the first, second, third, and fourth,] مَوَاقِرُ, (S, K,) and [of ميقار and موقورة,] مَوَاقِيرُ. (A.) b3: See also وَقِيرٌ.

مُوقِرٌ, and with ة: see مُوقَرٌ.

مُوَقَّرٌ pass. part. n. of 2, q. v. b2: نَخْلَةٌ مُوَقَّرَةٌ: see مُوْقَرٌ.

مَوْقُورٌ, and with ة: see مُوقَرٌ.

A2: (tropical:) A man [dull of hearing: or deaf. (S.) And أُذُنٌ مَوْقُوَرةٌ (tropical:) An ear dull of hearing: or deaf: (ISk, A, TA:) as also ↓ وَقِرَةٌ, (A,) or ↓ وَقِيرَةٌ. (TA.) مِيقَارٌ: see مُوقَرٌ.

مُتَوَقِّرٌ: see وَقُورٌ.