نجر

نَجَرَ, (S, A, Msb,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. نَجْرٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) He worked wood as a carpenter; cut or hewed it; formed or fashioned it by cutting; cut it out; hewed it out; shaped it out; syn. نَحَتَ; (Lth, S, A, K;) or, as some say, قَطَعَ. (TA.) A2: نَجَرَتْ, (TA,) [aor. as above, accord. to the rule of the K,] inf. n. نَجْرٌ, (K,) She (a woman) made, or prepared, the kind of food called نَجِيرَة, (K, * TA,) for her children, and her pastors. (TA.) نَجْرٌ (assumed tropical:) The shape, or form, of a man [or beast]; his appearance, or external state or condition: (TA:) (assumed tropical:) species; distinctive quality or property; syn. لَوْنٌ; as also ↓ نِجَارٌ and ↓ نُجَارٌ: (S, TA:) (tropical:) nature; natural or native disposition or temper or other quality or property; (A, TA;) of a man [&c.]; as also ↓ نِجَارٌ or ↓ نُجَارٌ: (A [in my copy of the A written erroneously نَجَارٌ:]) his place of growth; as also نجار: (A:) origin; syn. أَصْلٌ; as also ↓ نِجَارٌ and نُجَارٌ: (S, * K:) grounds of pretension to respect; rank or quality, nobility, honourableness, or estimableness; syn. ↓ حَسَبٌ; (S, * TA;) as also ↓ نِجَارٌ (S, * Msb, TA) and ↓ نُجَارٌ: (S, TA:) generosity of mind or spirit (A.) It is said in the prov., ↓ كُلٌّ نِجَارِ إِبِلٍ نِجَارُهَا وَنَارُ إِبْلِ العَالَمِينَ نَارُهَا Every species of camels is their species: (S:) or every origin &c.: (K:) [and every mark of the camels of the various peoples of the world is their mark: (the latter hemistich is omitted in the S, K, but inserted in the TA:)] the camels here mentioned by the poet were stolen from among a variety of camels, and comprised every species [with every mark]. (TA.) The proverb is applied to him who confounds things; (S;) and means, he has in him every sort of disposition, and has no opinion in which he is settled. (A 'Obeyd, S, K.) [See Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 317. See also نَارٌ.]

نَجْرَانٌ The piece of wood in which is the foot of a door: (K:) or the piece of wood upon which the foot of a door turns: (S:) or the foot of a door, upon which it turns: (A:) or the دَرْوَنْد [a Persian word signifying a bolt, and a hook,] of a door. (IAar, TA.) [Chald. נַנְרָא vectis, pessulus: (Golius:) which suggests that the original signification may be that assigned by IAar: but the first and second and third are alone agreeable with the following verse.] AO, cites this ex.: صَبَبْتُ المَآءَ فِى النَّجْرَانِ حَتَّى

تَرَكْتُ البَابَ لَيْسَ لَهُ صَرِيرُ [I poured water into, or upon, the نجران, so that I made the door to have no creaking]. (S.) نُجَارٌ and نِجَارٌ: see نَجْرٌ, throughout.

نُجَارَةٌ [Cuttings, chips, parings, shavings, or the like, of wood;] what is cut, or hewn, (K, TA,) from wood, (TA,) when it is worked by the carpenter. (TA.) نِجَارَةٌ The art of carpentry. (Msb, K.) نَجِيرَةٌ Milk mixed with flour: or with clarified butter: (K:) or, accord. to Abu-l-Ghamr ElKilábee, fresh milk to which clarified butter is added. (S.) See حَرِيرَةٌ.

نَجَّارٌ A carpenter. (S, A, Msb, K.) أَنْجَرٌ The anchor of a ship, (A, K,) composed of pieces of wood, (K, TA,) which are put with their heads in contrary directions, and the middles of which are bound together in one place, after which, (TA,) molten lead is poured between them, so that they become like a rock; (K, TA;) the heads of the pieces of wood project, and to these are tied ropes; then it is lowered in the water, (TA,) and when it becomes fast, the ship becomes fast: (K, TA:) it is a Persian word, (TA,) arabicized, from لَنْكَرْ: (K, TA:) [or from the Greek ἄγκυρα:] accord. to the T, a word of the dial. of El-'Irák. (TA.) You say هُوَ أَثْقَلُ مِنْ أَنْجَرٍ He is heavier than an anchor. (A.) إِنْجَارٌ: see إِجَّارٌ.

مَنْجُورٌ Wood worked, cut, hewed, formed, or fashioned by the carpenter. (A.)

نشر

1 نَشَرَ, (S, A, Msb,) aor. ـُ (S, TA,) inf. n. نَشْرٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) He spread, spread out, or open, expanded, or unfolded, (S, TA,) a garment or piece of cloth (A, Msb, TA) or the like, (TA,) goods, &c., (S,) and a writing; (A;) contr. of طَوَى; (A, K;) as also ↓ نشّر, inf. n. تَنْشِيرٌ: (K, TA:) [or the latter is with teshdeed to denote muchness, or frequency, or repetition, of the action, or its application to many objects, as is shown by an explanation of its act. part. n., which see below. Hence لَفٌّ وَنَشْرٌ: see art. لف.] b2: [He spread out, or, as we say, pricked up, his ears: and hence the saying,] نَشَرَ لِذٰلِكَ الأَمْرِ أُذُنَيْهِ, lit., He spread out his ears at that thing: meaning, (tropical:) he was covetous of that thing, or eager for it. (Har. p. 206.) [See نَاشِرٌ, below.] b3: نَشَرَ الخَبَرَ, (S, A, K,) aor. ـُ and نَشِرَ, (S, K,) inf. n. نَشْرٌ, (K,) (tropical:) He spread, or published, the news. (S, A, K.) b4: Also نَشَرَ, aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. نَشْرٌ; (Msb, K;) [and ↓ نشّر, or this is with teshdeed for the purpose mentioned above;] He scattered, or dispersed, (Msb, K, TA,) [people, &c.; or] sheep or goats, (Msb, TA,) and camels, (TA,) after confining them in the nightly resting-place. (Msb.) b5: He sprinkled water. (A.) b6: نَشَرَتِ الرِّيحُ The wind blew in a misty or cloudy day [so as to disperse the mist or clouds]. (IAar, K.) b7: نَشَرَ عَنْهُ, (A, K,) inf. n. نَشْرٌ; (A;) and عَنْهُ ↓ نشّر, (A, L, TA,) inf. n. تَنْشِيرٌ; (S, A, L, TA;) and in like manner ↓ نشّرهُ; (S, TA;) (tropical:) He charmed away from him sickness, (S, * A, L, K, *) and diabolical possession, or madness, (L, K,) by a نُشْرَة, i. e., a charm, or an amulet; (S, A, L, K;) as though he dispersed it from him: (A:) and in like manner ↓ نشّرهُ he wrote for him a نُشْرَة. (S.) El-Kilábee says, فَإِذَا نُشِرَ المَسْفُوعُ كَانَ كَأَنَّمَا أُنْشِطَ مِنْ عِقَالٍ (tropical:) [And when he who is smitten by the evil eye is charmed by a نُشْرَة, he is as though he were loosed from a bond]: i. e., it [the effect of the eye] departs from him speedily. (S [in two copies of which I find نُشِرَ, as above; but in the TA, ↓ نُشِّرَ.]) And in a trad. it is said, بِقُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ ↓ نَشَّرَهُ (tropical:) He charmed away the effect of enchantment from him [by the words “ Say I seek refuge in the Lord of men: ” the commencement of the last chap. of the Kur-án]. (S.) A2: نَشَرَ, (El-Hasan, Zj, A, K.) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. نَشْرٌ and نُشُورٌ; (K, TA;) or ↓ أَنْشَرَ; (I'Ab, Fr, S, A, Mgh, Msb;) or both; (A, K;) (tropical:) He (God, S, A, &c.) raised the dead to life; quickened them; revivified, or revived, them. (Zj, S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.) I'Ab reads [in the Kur, ii. 261,] كَيْفَ نُنْشِرُهَا [How we will raise them to life], and adduces in his favour the words [in the Kur. lxxx. 22,] ↓ ثُمَّ إِذَا شَآءَ أَنْشَرَهُ (tropical:) [Then, when He pleaseth, He raiseth him to life]: El-Hasan reads نَنْشُرُهَا: [and others read نُنْشِزُهَا, with záy:] but Fr says, that El-Hasan holds it to refer to unfolding and folding, and that the proper way is to use انشر [in this sense,] transitively, and نَشَرَ intransitively. (S, TA.) [See also طَوَىَ, which has the contr. meaning.]

b2: Hence, الرَّضَاعُ العَظْمَ ↓ أَنْشَرَ: i. q. أَنْشَزَ, with záy: (Msb:) or (tropical:) The sucking strengthened the bone. (Mgh.) A3: نَشَرَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. نُشُورٌ (S, A, Msb, TA) and نَشْرٌ, (Msb,) agreeably with what Fr says, (S,) signifies (tropical:) He (a dead person) lived after death; came to life again; revived; (S, TA;) or lived; came to life; (A, Msb;) as also ↓ انتشر. (A.) Hence يَوْمُ النُّشُورِ (tropical:) The day of resurrection. (S.) b2: نَشَرَ, (TA,) inf. n. نَشْرٌ, (K, TA,) (tropical:) It (herbage, or pasturage,) became green in consequence of rain in the end of summer after it had dried up. (TA.) b3: (tropical:) It (a plant) began to grow forth in the ground. (K, * TA.) You say, مَا أَحْسَنَ نَشْرَهَا (tropical:) How good is its first growth! (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) It (a tree) put forth its leaves. (K.) b5: (assumed tropical:) It (foliage) spread. (K.) b6: نَشَرَتِ الأَرْضُ, (S, A, K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. نُشُورٌ, (K,) (tropical:) The land being rained upon in the end of summer, its herbage, or pasturage, became green after it had dried up: (S, TA:) or the land, being watered by the rain called الرَّبِيع, put forth its herbage. (A, K.) See نَشْرٌ.

A4: نَشَرَ, (S, A, Msb,) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. نَشْرٌ, (K,) (tropical:) [He sawed wood;] he cut (قَطَعَ, S, or نَحَتَ, K) wood, (S, A, Msb, K,) with a مِنْشَار. (S, A, Msb.) 2 نَشَّرَ see 1, in five places, throughout the former half of the paragraph.3 ناشرهُ الثِّيَابَ [He spread, or unfolded, with him the garments or pieces of cloth]. (A.) 4 أَنْشَرَ see 1, after the middle of the paragraph.5 تَنَشَّرَ see 8, in two places.6 تناشروا الثِّيَابَ [They spread, or unfolded, one with another, the garments, or pieces of cloth]. (A.) 8 انتشر [quasi-pass. of 1,] It spread, expanded, or unfolded; it became spread, expanded, or unfolded; as also ↓ تنشّر: (K:) [or the latter, being quasi-pass. of 2, denotes muchness, &c.] b2: انتشرت النَّخْلَةُ The branches of the palm-tree spread forth. (K.) [And انتشرت الأَغْصَانُ The branches spread forth: and the branches straggled.] b3: انتشر الخَبَرُ (tropical:) The news spread, or became published, (S, A, K,) فِى النَّاسِ among the people. (A.) b4: And انتشرت الرَّائِحَةُ (assumed tropical:) [The odour spread, or diffused itself.] (K in art. فوح; &c.) b5: انتشر النَّهَارُ (assumed tropical:) The day became long and extended: (K:) and so one says of other things. (TA.) b6: انتشر العَصَبُ (assumed tropical:) The sinews, or tendons, became inflated, or swollen, (K,) by reason of fatigue: (TA:) إِنْتِشَارٌ is a state of inflation, or swelling, in the sinews, or tendons, of a beast, occasioned by fatigue: (S:) AO says, that the sinew, or tendon, which becomes inflated, or swollen, is the عُجَايَة, (S, * TA,) and that what is termed تَحَرُّكُ الشَّظَى is similar to this affection, excepting in its not being so well endured by the horse: by another, or others, it is said, that انتشار of the sinews, or tendons, of a beast, in his fore leg, is a breaking, and consequent displacement, of those sinews. (TA.) b7: انتشر ذَكَرْهُ (assumed tropical:) His penis became erect. (TA.) [And hence,] انتشر الرَّجُلُ (tropical:) The man became excited by lust. (S, K.) b8: انتشر المَآءُ [In my copy of the A, استنشر, but this I regard as a mistranscription,] The water became sprinkled; as also ↓ تنشّر: (A:) [or the latter signifies it became much sprinkled.] b9: انتشروا فى الأَرْضِ They became scattered, or dispersed, or they scattered, or dispersed, themselves, in the land, or earth. (A.) b10: انتشرت الغَنَمَ, (Msb, TA,) and الإِبِلُ, (K, TA,) The sheep or goats [and the camels] became scattered, or dispersed, after having been confined in their nightly resting-place: (Msb:) or the sheep or goats (TA) and the camels (K, TA) became scattered, or dispersed, through negligence of their pastor. (K, TA.) b11: انتشر الأَمْرُ (assumed tropical:) The state of things, or affairs, became dissolved, broken up, decomposed, disorganized, or unsettled; syn. تَشَّتَتَ. (TA, art. شت.) A2: See also 1, latter part of the paragraph. b2: انتشر also signifies He put himself in motion, and went on a journey. (TA, in art. بسر.) b3: انتشر الذِّئبُ فِى الغَنَمِ The wolf made an incursion among the sheep or goats. (TA in art. شع.) 10 استنشرهُ He demanded, or desired, of him that he should unfold (أَنْ يَنْشُرَ) to him (عَلَيْهِ) [a thing]. (A.) نَشْرٌ used in the sense of an act. part. n.: see ناشِرٌ. b2: And in the sense of a pass. or quasi-pass. part. n.: see نَشَرٌ. b3: A sweet odour: (S, A, K:) [because it spreads:] or odour in a more general sense; (A, K;) i. e., absolutely, whether sweet or stinking: (A'Obeyd:) or the odour of a woman's mouth, (ADk, A, K,) and of her nose, (ADk, TA,) and of her arm-pits (أَعْطَاف), after sleep. (ADk, A, K.) A2: (tropical:) Herbage, or pasturage, which has dried up and then become green in consequence of rain in the end of summer or spring (see below, and see سِمَاكٌ): (S, K:) it is bad for the pasturing animals when it first appears, and men flee from it with their camels &c.; (S, TA;) which it affects with the [disease called] سُهَام when they pasture upon it at its first appearance: [see remarks on a verse cited in art. بيض, voce بَاضَ: and see another verse in art. جرب, voce أَجْرَبُ:] AHn says, that it does not injure animals with the solid hoof; or if it do so, they leave it until it dries, and then its evil quality departs from it: it consists of leguminous plants and of [the herbage termed]

عُشْب; or, as some say, of the latter only: (TA:) [an ex. of the word is cited in art. جرب, voce أَجَرْبُ:] or herbage, or pasturage, of which the upper part dries up and the lower part is moist and green: (Lth:) or herbage produced by the rain called الرَّبِيع: (A:) and what has come forth, of plants, or herbage. (TA.) A3: Life. (K.) نَشَرٌ is of the measure فَعَلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, (Msb, TA,) syn. with مَنْشُورٌ, like as قَبَضٌ is with مَقْبُوضٌ, (Mgh,) and syn. with مُنْتَشِرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) [therefore signifying Spread, expanded, or unfolded: scattered, or dispersed, &c.: and spreading, or being spread, &c.: being scattered, &c.:] and a thing that one has spread, expanded, or unfolded: &c. (O, voce سَبَلٌ, q. v.) b2: You say اِكْتَسَى البَازِى رِيشًا نَشَرًا The hawk, or falcon, became clad in spreading and long feathers. (S, TA.) b3: And hence نَشَرٌ is applied to People in a scattered, or dispersed, state, not collected under one head, or chief; (Msb, K;) as also ↓ نَشْرٌ: (K:) and to sheep or goats in a scattered, or dispersed, state, after having been confined in their nightly resting-place: (Msb:) or sheep or goats, and camels, in a scattered, or dispersed, state, through the negligence of their pastor. (TA.) You say, رَأَيْتُ القَوْمَ نَشَرًا I saw the people in a scattered, or dispersed, state. (S.) And جَآءَ القَوْمُ نَشَرًا The people came in a scattered, or dispersed, state. (TA.) b4: Hence also, نَشَرُ المَآء What is sprinkled, of water, (Mgh, TA,) in the performance of the ablution termed الوُضُوْء. (TA.) It is said in a trad., أَتَمْلِكُ نَشَرَ المَآءِ [Dost thou possess what is sprinkled of water?] (S;) or مَنْ يَمْلِكُ نَشَرَ المَآءِ [Who possesseth what is sprinkled of water?] (Mgh;) [app. meaning, that it is gone and cannot be recovered.] b5: and hence, أَللّٰهُمَّ اضْمُمْ نَشَرِى (assumed tropical:) O God, compose what is discomposed, or disorganized, of my affairs: (K, * TA:) a phrase like لُمَّ شَعَثِى. (TA.) 'Áïsheh says, in a trad., describing her father, فَرَدَّ نَشَرَ الإِسْلَامِ عَلَى غَرِّهِ, meaning, (assumed tropical:) And he restored what was discomposed, or disorganized, [lit., what was unfolded,] of El-Islám, to its state in which it was in the time of the Apostle of God, [lit. to its fold, or plait;] alluding to cases of apostacy, and her father's sufficiency to treat them. (TA.) A2: See also نَاشِرٌ.

نُشْرَةٌ (tropical:) A charm, or an a mulet, (رُقْيَةُ, S, L, K,) by which a sick person, and one possessed, or mad, is cured; (A, * L, K;) by which the malady is [as it were] dispersed from him. (L.) Mohammad, being asked respecting that which is thus termed, answered, that it is of the work of the devil: and El-Hasan asserted it to be a kind of enchantment. (TA.) نَشُورٌ: see نَاشِرٌ.

نُشَارَةٌ (tropical:) [Saw-dust;] what falls from the مِنْشَار [or saw]; (S;) what falls in نَشْر [or sawing]. (K.) نَاشِرٌ act. part. n. of نَشَرَ. b2: كَانَ يُكَبِّرُ نَاشِرَ الأَصَابِعِ He (Mohammad) used to say أَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرْ spreading, or unfolding, his fingers: said to mean not making his hand a clenched fist. (Mgh.) b3: جَآءَ نَاشِرًا أُذُنَيْهِ [He came spreading, or, as we say, pricking up, his ears: meaning,] (tropical:) he came in a state of covetousness, or eagerness. (IAar, L.) [In a copy of the A, طَائِعًا is erroneously put for طَامِعًا.]

b4: وَالنَّاشِرَاتِ نَشْرًا, in the Kur., [lxxvii. 3,] signifies And the angels, (TA,) or the winds, (Jel,) that do scatter the rain: (Jel, TA:) or the winds that do bring rain. (TA.) And ↓ رِيحٌ نَشُورٌ, of which the pl. is رِيَاحٌ نُشُرٌ, signifies Wind that spreads [the clouds], or scatters [the rain]; (S; and Bd, vii. 55;) نَشُورٌ being syn. with نَاشِرٌ: (Bd:) or it signifies in a scattered state. (Jel, vii. 55.) [In the Kur, ubi supra,] يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَاحَ نُشُرًا بَيْنَ يَدَىْ رَحْمَتِهِ, and نُشْرًا, and ↓ نَشْرًا, and ↓ نَشَرًا, [Sendeth the winds, &c.,] (K, * TA,) all these being various readings, (TA,) نُشُرًا is pl. of نَشُورٌ, (Bd, K,) in the sense of نَاشِرٌ; (Bd;) or the meaning is, in a state of dispersion before the rain; (Jel;) and نُشْرًا is a contraction; (Bd, K;) and the third reading means (tropical:) quickening, or making to live, by spreading the clouds wherein is the rain, (K,) which is the life of everything, (TA,) ↓ نَشْرًا being an inf. n. used as a denotative of state, in the sense of نَاشِرَاتٍ, or as an absolute objective complement [of يرسل], for إِرْسَالٌ and نَشْرٌ are nearly alike; (Bd;) and the fourth is extr., (IJ, K,) and is said to mean ↓ مُنْشِرَةً نَشَرًا [which is virtually the same as the third]: [Zj, K:) another reading is بُشُرًا, pl. of بَشِيرَةٌ, (TA,) or of بَشُورٌ; (TA, in art. بشر;) or نُشْرًا, (Bd, Jel,) a contraction of بُشُرًا, (Bd,) pl. of بَشِيرٌ. (Bd, Jel.) A2: أَرْضٌ نَاشِرَةٌ (tropical:) Land having herbage, or pasturage, which has dried up and then become green in consequence of rain in the end of summer: (S:) or having herbage produced by the rain called الرَّبِيع. (A.) See نَشْرٌ.

المَنْشَرُ (tropical:) The place of resurrection. (TA.) صُحُفٌ مُنَشَّرَةٌ [Scattered, or much scattered, writings or the like] is with teshdeed to denote muchness, or frequency, or repetition, of the action, or its application to many objects. (S, TA.) مِنْشَارٌ (tropical:) [A saw;] a certain instrument for cutting wood. (S, Msb, K.) b2: Also, [but less commonly], A wooden implement with prongs, [lit., fingers,] with which wheat and the like are winnowed. (K.) مَنْشُورٌ What is not sealed, [here meaning not closed with a seal,] of the writings of the Sultán [or of a viceroy]; (K;) i. e., what is now commonly known by the name of فَرْمَان: pl. مَنَاشِيرُ. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A man whose state of affairs is disorganised, or disordered. (K.)

نفر

1 نَفَرَ, (T, M, L, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (T, M, K,) and نَفُرَ, (M, K,) inf. n. نَفْرٌ and نَفَرَانٌ (M, K) or نُفُورٌ, (Msb,) said of a wild animal, (T, Msb,) a gazelle, (M, K,) or other beast, (M,) He took fright, and fled, or ran away at random; or became refractory, and went away at random; or ran away, or broke loose, and went hither and thither by reason of his sprightliness; syn. شَرَدَ; (M, K;) as also ↓ استنفر; (T, Msb, K;) and so the former verb in speaking of a camel, or a beast: (L, art. شرد:) you say, نَفَرَتِ الدَّابَّةُ, (T, S, M, A, K,) aor. ـِ and نَفُرَ, (T, S, M, K,) inf. n. نُفُورٌ and نِفَارٌ (T, S, M, A, K) and نَفْرٌ: (A:) or this signifies the beast was, or became, impatient (A, K, TA) of or at a thing, (TA,) [or shied at it,] and retired to a distance; (A, K, TA;) and ↓ إِسْتِنْفَارٌ signifies the same as نُفُورٌ: (S:) or نَفَرَ, inf. n. نِفَارٌ [and نُفُورٌ], signifies he fled, and went away or aside or apart or to a distance. (M.) b2: [Hence, نَفَرَ, aor. ـِ and نَفُرَ, inf. n. نُفُورٌ and نِفَارٌ and نَفْرٌ and نَفِيرٌ, as used in the following phrases.] نَفَرْتُ مِنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ (tropical:) I shrank from this thing or affair; was averse from it; did not like or approve it. And نَفَرَ فُلَانٌ مِنْ صُحْبَةِ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) [Such a one shrank, or was averse, from the companionship of, or the associating with, such a one]. And نَفَرَتِ المَرْأَةُ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا (tropical:) [The woman was averse from her husband; or shunned or avoided him]. (All from the A.) And you say of a man's disposition, عَنِ الحَقِّ ↓ تَنَفَّرَ (tropical:) [It shunned, or was averse from, the truth] (Bd, lxvii. 21.) b3: إِلَّا نُفُورًا, in the Kur, [xvii. 43, and xxxv. 40,] means (tropical:) Save in aversion and نَفِيرٌ is like نُفُورٌ: and the subst. is نَفَرٌ, with two fet-hahs. (Msb) b4: نَفَرَ الشَّىْءُ مِنَ الشَّىْءِ inf. n. نِفَارٌ [and نُفُورٌ], The thing receded, withdrew, removed, or became remote or aloof, from the thing. (A'Obeyd, T, S.) [See also 3.] b5: Hence it is, I think, that نَفَرَ is used as signifying (tropical:) It became swollen, in the following words of a trad. of 'Omar: تَخَلَّلَ رَجُلٌ فِى زَمَانِهِ بِالقَصَبِ فَنَفَرَ فُوهُ (tropical:) A man, in his time, picked his teeth with reeds, and in consequence his mouth became swollen: as though the flesh, disliking the disease, receded from it, and so became swollen. (A'Obeyd, T, S. *) You say also, نَفَرَتِ العَيْنُ, aor. ـِ and نَفُرَ, inf. n. نُفُورٌ. (tropical:) His eye became inflamed and swollen: and so you say of other parts of the person. (M, K. *) And نَفَرَ الجُرْحُ, inf. n. as above, (tropical:) The wound became swollen: (T, Msb:) or it became so after healing. (W, i. 42.) And نَفَرَ الجِلْدُ (tropical:) The skin became swollen, (S, A,) and the flesh receded from it. (A.) [All these significations seem to be derived from the first in this art.: and so several others which follow.] b6: نَفَرْتُ إِلَى اللّٰهِ, inf. n. نِفَارٌ, I betook myself to God by reason of fear, seeking protection. (IKtt) b7: نَفَرُوا, (Msb,) inf. n. نَفْرٌ, (M, Msb, K,) They became separated, or dispersed: (M, * Msb, K: *) and so نَفَرتْ, said of camels. (TA.) Hence, (M,) the saying, لَقِيتُهُ قَبْلَ كُلِّ صَيْحٍ وَنَفْرٍ, (S, M, A.) a proverb, in which the last word is used tropically; (A;) explained in art. صيح, q. v. (S.) [And غَضِبَ مِنْ غَيْرِ صَيْحٍ وَلَا نَفٍرْ; explained in the same art.] b8: نَفَرَ الحَاجُّ مِنْ مِنًى, (M, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (S, M, K,) inf. n. نَفْرٌ (M, Msb, K) and نَفَرٌ (M) and نُفُورٌ (K) [and نَفِيرٌ], The pilgrims removed from Minè. (Msb.) Hence, يَوْمُ النَّفْرِ, and النَّفَرِ, and النَّفُورِ, and النَّفِيرِ, (S, M, K,) and لَيْلَةُ النَّفْرِ, (S, TA,) and النَّفَرِ, (TA,) [The day of, and the night immediately preceding, the removing from Minè]; after the day called يَوْمُ القَرِّ: (S;) [therefore. the twelfth of Dhu-l-Hijjeh:] or there are two days thus called: (Msb:) يَوْمُ النَّفْرِ الأَوَّلُ is [the day above mentioned,] the second of the days called أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ; (IAth, Msb;) and يَوْمُ النَّفْر الاّخِرُ, (IAth,) or الثَّانِى, (Msb,) is the third thereof: (IAth, Msb:) the order is this; يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ, then يَوْمُ القَرِّ, then يَوْمُ النَّفْر الأَوَّلُ then يَوْمُ النَّفْرِ الآخِرُ. (T, L) b9: نَفَرُوا فِى الأَمْرِ, (S, M.) or لِلْأَمْرِ, (K,) aor. ـِ (M, K.) inf. n. نُفُورٌ (S, M, K) and نِفارٌ (M, K) and نَفِيرٌ; (Zj, M, K;) and ↓ تنافروا; (M, K;) They went, or went away, to execute the affair: (M, K:) and in like manner, فِى القِتَالِ to fight. (M.) And نَقَرُوا, alone, They went forth to war against unbelievers or the like. So in the Kur, is 82. وَقَالوا لَا تَنْفِرُوا فى الحرِّ قُلْ نَارٌ جَهَنَّمَ أَشَدٌ حَرَّا [And they said, Go not ye forth to war against the unbelievers in the heat: say, The fire of hell is hotter]: and so in the same chap. v. 39: (Jel:) and in the same book, iv. 73. (Bd.) You say also, نَفَرُوا لَهُمْ They went forth to fight them. (TA, from a trad.) And تَفَرُوا إِلى الحَرْب They hastened to the war, or to war. (Msb.) b10: [Hence,] نَفَوُا مَعَهُ; and ↓ أَنْفَرُوهُ, (M, K,) inf. n. إِنْفَارٌ; (TA;) They aided and succoured them: (M, K:) or the former verb, alone, they, being asked to do so, complied, and went forth to aid. (TA.) b11: نَفرَبِنَا: see 2.2 نَفّر, (T, M, A, Msb,) inf. n. تَنْفيرٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ انفر; (T, K;) and ↓ اشتنفر; (T, M, A, Msb;) He made (wild animals, T. Msb, or an antelope. K, or a beast of carriage. M,) to take fright, and flee, or run away at random: (K, TA:) or he made a beast of carriage to become impatient, and to retire to a distance: (A:) or he scared away; or made to flee, and go away, or aside, or apart, or to a distance: (so accord. to an explanation of the intrans. v. from which it is derived, in the M:) you say نَفَّرْتُهُ and ↓ اِسْتَنْفَرْتُهُ and ↓ أَنْفَرُتُهُ: and in like manner, نَفَّرَ عَنْهُ, and أَنْفَرَ عَنْهُ, [meaning, he scared away, or made to take fright and flee, &c., from him or it:] (TA:) الإِنْفَارُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ, and التَّنْفِيرُ عَنْهُ, and الاِسْتِنْفَارُ, all signify the same, [i. e., the scaring away, &c. from a thing.] (S.) It is said in a trad. of Zeyneb, the daughter of Mohammad, فَأَنْفَرَ بِهَا المُشْرِكُونَ بَعِيرَهَا حَتَّى سَقَطَتْ and the polytheists made her camel to take fright and run away at random with her, so that she fell. And in like manner you say, أُنْفِرَبِنَا, and نُفِرَبِنَا, [or نُفَّرَبِنَا Our camels were scared away with us; or made to take fright and run away at random with us: or] we were made to be persons having camels taking fright and running away at random. And تَنْفِيرٌ signifies The chiding camels or sheep or goats, and driving them from the pasturage. (TA.) b2: [Hence] بَشِّروا وَلا تُنَفِّرُوا (assumed tropical:) [Rejoice people by what ye say. and] do not encounter them with [roughness and violence and] that which will incite them to نُفُور [i. e. flight or aversion]. (TA.) See the act. part. n., below. b3: [Hence also,] نَفِّرْ عَنْهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَسنْفِيرٌ. (TA.) (assumed tropical:) Give thou to him a لَقَب [meaning a nickname or name of reproach], (S,) or a لَقب that is disliked: (K:) as though they held such to be تَسْفِيرٌ لِلْجِنِّ وَالعَيْنِ عَنْهُ [a means of scaring away the jinn, or genii, and the evil eye, from him]. (S, K.) An Arab of the desert said, When I was born, it was said to my father, نَفِّرْ عَنْهُ: so he named me قُنْفُد [hedge-hog], and surnamed me أَبو العَدّآءِ [father of the quick runner]. (S.) 3 نَاْفَرَ [نَافَرَا, inf. n. مُنَافَرَةٌ, (tropical:) They shunned or avoided each other; regarded each other with aversion. But perhaps this signification is only post-classical. b2: And hence, (tropical:) They (two things) were incongruous, or discordant, each with the other. But perhaps this signification, also, is only post-classical. See also 6.]4 أَنْفَرَ see 2, in several places. b2: أَنْفَرُوا Their camels took fright and ran away at random, (نَفَرَت, K, TA,) and became separated or dispersed. (TA.) b3: See also 1, last signification.5 تنفّر عَنِ الحَقِّ: see 1.6 تَنَاْفَرَ [تنافروا (tropical:) They shunned or avoided one another; regarded one another with aversion. But perhaps this signification is only post-classical. b2: And hence, تنافرت الأَشْيَآءُ (tropical:) The things were incongruous, or discordant, one with another. But perhaps this signification, also, is only postclassical. See also 3.] b3: تنافروا فِى الأَمْرِ, or لِلْأَمْرِ: see 1, towards the end. See also تَنَافَرَا in the K: and compare 6 in arts. نفد and نفذ.10 إِسْتَنْفَرَهُمْ He (the Imám) incited, and summoned or invited them to go forth, لِجِهَادِ العَدُوِّ to war against the enemy: (T, Mgh:) or imposed upon them the task of going forth to war, light and heavy: [see Kur, ix. 41:] (A:) or he demanded, sought, or desired, of them aid. (M, * K, TA.) b2: See also 2. in three places. b3: And see 1, in two places, near the beginning.

نَفْرٌ: see نَافِرٌ, of which it is a quasi-pl.: b2: and نَفِيرٌ: b3: and نَفَرٌ.

نِفْرٌ an imitative sequent to عِفْرٌ, (T, M, K,) and so is ↓ نَفِرٌ to عَفِرٌ, (Sgh, K, but omitted in some copies of the K,) and ↓ نِفْرِيَةٌ to عِفْرِيَةٌ, (T, M, K,) and ↓ نِفْرِيتٌ to عِفْرِيتٌ, (T, S, M, K,) and ↓ نُفَارِيَةٌ to عُفَارِيَهٌ, (T, M, K,) and ↓ نِفْرِيتَةٌ to عِفرِيتَةٌ; (K;) denoting corroboration. (S.) نَفَرٌ A number of men, from three to ten; (S, Msb;) as also ↓ نَفْرٌ and ↓ نَفْرَةٌ and ↓ نَفِيرٌ: (S:) or to seven: (so in a copy of the Msb, [but probably سبعة is a mistake for تسعة nine: this appears likely from what here follows:]) or a number of men less then ten; (Az, T, M, K;) as also ↓ نَفِيرٌ; (K;) and so رَهْطٌ; (Az, T;) and some add, excluding women: (TA:) accord. to Fr, (S,) a man's people or tribe consisting of his nearer relations; as also ↓ نَفْرَةٌ; syn. رَهْطٌ, (S, IAth,) and عَشِيرَةٌ: (IAth:) [see also نَفْرَةٌ:] accord. to Kr, (M,) all the men or people: (M, K:) accord. to Lth, you say, هٰؤُلَآءِ عَشَرَةُ نَفَرٍ, i. e. these are ten men: but one does not say, عِشْرُونَ نَفَرًا, nor more than عَشَرَة: and Abu-l- 'Abbás says, that نَفَرٌ, like قَوْمٌ and رَهْطٌ, has a pl. signification, without any proper sing.; and is applied to men, exclusively of women: (T:) it is a quasi-pl. n.: (TA:) and its pl. is أَنْفَارٌ; (M, K;) occurring in a trad., in the phrase أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَنْفَارِنَا, which IAth explains as meaning any one of our people; syn. قَوْمِنَا: (TA:) and ↓ نَفِيرٌ, occurring, in the accus. case, in the Kur, xvii. 6, is, accord. to Zj, a pl. [or rather quasipl. n.] of نَفَرٌ, like عَبِيدٌ and كَلِيبٌ. (M.) [See also نَفِيرٌ, below.] Imra-el-Keys says, describing a man as an excellent archer, فَهْوَ لَا تَنْمِى رَمِيَّتُهُ مَا لَهُ لَا عُدَّ مِنْ نَفَرِهْ (S,) And he is such that the animal shot by him does not go away after it has been shot and then die. What aileth him? May he be killed, so as not to be numbered among his people. The latter hemistich is a proverb. (Meyd.) The poet here utters an imprecation against the man, but in so doing praises him; as when you say, of a man whose action pleases you, مَا لَهُ قَاتَلَهُ اللّٰهُ and أَخْزَاهُ اللّٰهُ [q. v.]. (S.) The rel. n. is ↓ نَفَرِىٌّ. (Sb, M.) A2: [Accord. to the Msb, it is also a simple subst. from نَفَرَ: and app. as signifying especially Aversion.]

نَفِرٌ: see نِفْرٌ.

نَفْرَةٌ: see نَفِيرٌ. b2: A man's near kinsmen; syn. أُسْرَةٌ (T, K) and فَصِيلَةٌ; (K;) who are angry on account of his anger; (K;) as also ↓ نُفْرَةٌ, mentioned by Sgh and others, (TA,) and ↓ نُفُورةٌ (T. K) and ↓ نَافِرَةٌ (A, * K) and ↓ نَفَرٌ: (T:) and نُفُورَةٌ signifies a man's near kinsmen (أُسْرَة) who go forth with him to war when an event befalls him or oppresses him severely or suddenly. (TA.) You say, جَآءَنَا فِى نَفْرَتِهِ and ↓ نَفَرِهِ, (T, TA,) &c., (TA,) He came to us among his near kinsmen, (T, TA,) &c. (TA.) And, غَلَبَتْ نُفُورَتُنَا نُفُورَتَهُمْ Our near kinsmen overcame their near kinsmen. (T, TA.) See also نَفَرٌ, in two places: and see نَفِيرٌ.

نُفْرَةٌ (Sgh, K) and ↓ نُفَرَةٌ (K) A thing that is hung upon a child for fear of, (K,) or to repel, (Sgh,) the evil eye. (Sgh, K.) A2: See also نَفْرَةٌ.

نَفَرِىٌّ: see نَفَرٌ, last sentence but one.

نِفْرِيَةٌ and نِفْرِيتٌ and نِفْرِيتَةٌ: see نِفْرٌ.

نِفَارٌ a subst. from نَفَرَتِ الدَّابَّةُ. Ex. فِى الدَّابَّةِ نِفَارٌ [In the beast of carriage is a disposition to take fright and run away at random]. (S.) and in like manner, from نَفَرَ said of a wild animal. (Msb.) نَفُورٌ: see نَافِرٌ.

نَفِيرٌ A people hastening to war, or to some other undertaking: an inf. n. used as a subst.: (Msb:) or a people going to execute an affair: (S:) or a people going with one to fight; as also ↓ نَفْرَةٌ [q. v.] and ↓ نَفْرٌ: (M, K:) each is a noun having a pl. signification: (M:) or the first and last signify a company of men: and the pl. of each is أَنْفَارٌ: (M:) or the first, (S,) or all, (K,) a people, (S,) or company, (K,) preceding in an affair: (S, K:) or the first, those of a man's people who go forth with him to war: or it is a pl. [or quasi-pl.] of نَفَرٌ, signifying men assembled to go to the enemy: (Bd, xvii. 6:) or aiders, or assistants. (M.) [See نَفَرٌ, in two places.] You say, جَآءَتْ نَفْرَةُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ, and نَفِيرُهُمْ, The company of the sons of such a one, that came forth to execute an affair, arrived. (S, TA.) نَفِيرُ قُرَيْشٍ means Those of Kureysh who went forth to Bedr to defend the caravan of Aboo-Sufyán, (M,) which was coming from Syria. (T.) Hence the proverb, فُلَانٌ لَا فِى

العِيرِ وَلَا فِى النَّفِيرِ [Such a one is neither in the caravan nor in the company going forth to fight]: applied to him who is not regarded as fit for a difficult undertaking: because none held back from the caravan and the fight except him who was crippled by disease and him in whom was no good; (TA:) or the original words of the proverb are لا فِى العِيرِ وَلَا فِى النَّفِيرِ: and these words were first said by Aboo-Sufyán, with reference to the Benoo-Zuhrah, when he found them turning back towards Mekkeh; and, accord. to As, are applied to a man who is held in low and little repute. (Mgh.) [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 500.]

نُفُورَةٌ: see نَفْرَةٌ, in three places.

نُفَارِيَةٌ: see نِفْرٌ.

نَافِرٌ [and ↓ نَفُورٌ] and ↓ مُسْتَنْفِرٌ signify the same; [i. e., Taking fright, and fleeing, or running away at random: or being, or becoming, impatient, of or at a thing, and retiring to a distance: or fleeing, and going away or aside or apart or to a distance: or the second, being of an intensive form, signifies, as also ↓ يَنْفُورٌ, that does so much or often; or wont or apt to do so:] (TA:) and نَفْرٌ is a pl. of نَافِرٌ, (K,) or [rather] a quasi-pl., like as صَحْبٌ is of صَاحِبٌ, and زَوْرٌ of زَائِرٌ. (M.) You say, دَابَّةٌ نَافِرٌ, and ↓ نَفُورٌ, [A beast that takes fright and runs away at random: &c.:] (M, K:) accord. to IAar, one should not say نَافِرَةٌ (M) [unless using it as an epithet applied to a broken pl. of a subst., as will be seen below]. It is said in a proverb, ↓ كُلُّ أَزَبَّ نَفُورٌ [Every one, of camels, that is hairy on the face is wont to take fright and run away at random: see art. زب]. (M.) You say also ↓ ظَبْىٌ يَنْفُورٌ, (M, K, *) in some copies of the K, نيفور, (TA,) A gazelle that takes fright and flees much or often; or that is wont to do so. (M, K. *) And it is said in the Kur, [lxxiv. 51,] فَرَّتْ مِنْ ↓ كَأَنَّهُمْ حُمُرٌ مُسْتَنْفِرَةٌ قَسْوَرَةٍ, i. e., نَافِرَةٌ, [As though they were asses taking fright and running away at random, that have fled from a lion:] and (accord. to one reading, T) ↓ مُسْتَنْفَرَةٌ, (T, S,) meaning, made to take fright and run away at random; (T;) or frightened, or scared. (S.) b2: أَنَا نَافِرٌ مِنْ هٰذَا الامر (tropical:) I shrink from this thing or affair; am averse from it; do not like or approve it. and هِىَ نَافِرَةٌ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا (tropical:) [She is averse from her husband; she shuns or avoids him]. (A.) نَوْفَرٌ: see art. نيلوفر.

نَافِرَةٌ: see نَفْرَةٌ.

مُنَفِّرٌ act. part. n. of 2, q. v. b2: (assumed tropical:) One who encounters people with roughness and violence [and that which incites them to flight or aversion: see 2]. (TA, from a trad.) مُسْتَنْفِرٌ: see نَافِرٌ; the first and third in two places.

مُسْتَنْفَرٌ: see نَافِرٌ; the first and third in two places.

يَنْفُورٌ: see نَافِرٌ; the first and third in two places.

نهر

1 نَهَرَ, (S, Msb,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) It (water) ran upon, or along, the ground, (S, TA,) and made for itself a نَهْر [or channel like that of a river]. (S.) See also 10. b2: It (anything, as in one copy of the S, or anything copious, as in another copy of the S and in the TA) ran, or flowed; (S, TA;) as also ↓ استنهر, (S,) or ↓ انتهر. (TA.) b3: It (blood) flowed with force: (Msb:) and ↓ أَنْهَرَ it (blood) flowed (K, TA) like a river: (TA:) and the latter also, it (a vein) flowed and would not stop; (K, TA;) meaning, it flowed like a river; (TA;) as also ↓ انتهر: (Sgh, K, TA:) and ↓ انهر also signifies the same said of the belly; (TA;) or it (the belly) became loose, or relaxed; or it discharged itself; (JK;) as also ↓ انتهر. (JK, K.) A2: نَهَرَ, (S, K.) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. نَهْرٌ, (TA,) He (a man, S) dug a نَهْر [or channel for a river]: (S, TA:) he made a نَهْر [or river] to run, or flow. (K, TA.) A3: نَهرَ, inf. n. نَهْرٌ, He made an inroad or incursion, or inroads or incursions, into the territory or territories of enemies, in the day-time. (TA.) A4: نَهَرَهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ inf. n. نَهْرٌ; (TA;) and ↓ انتهرهُ; (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.;) He chid him; he checked him, restrained him, or forbade him, with rough speech; syn. زَجَرَهُ, (Mgh, Msb, K, and so in a copy of the S,) or زَبَرَهُ, (as in another copy of the S,) بِكَلَامٍ غَلِيظٍ: (Mgh:) be addressed him with chiding speech, (JK, A,) forbidding him from doing evil. (JK. [in the TA, citing the last explanation from the T, عَنْ خَيْرٍ is erroneously put for عَنْ شَرٍّ.]) It is said in the Kur, [xciii. 10,] وَأَمَّا السَّائِلَ فَلَا تَنْهَرْ [And as for the beggar, thou shalt not chide him, or address him with rough speech]. And in a trad., مَنِ انْتَهَرَ صَاحِبَ بِدْعَةٍ مَلَأَ اللّٰهُ قَلْبَهُ أَمْنًا وِإِيمَانًا وَأَمَّنَهُ اللّٰهُ مِنَ الفَزَعِ الْأَكْبَر [Whoso chideth, or checketh with rough speech, the author of an innovation in religion, God will fill his heart with security and faith, and God will preserve him from the greatest terror]. (TA.) 4 انهر: see 1. in three places.

A2: (tropical:) He made blood to flow: (S:) or to appear and flow: (K:) or to flow amply and copiously: (Mgh:) or to flow with force: (Msb:) or he poured it forth copiously. (TA.) It is said in a trad., أَنْهِرِ الدَّمَ بِمَا شِئْتَ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ مِنْ سِنِّ أَوْ ظُفُرٍ [Make thou the blood to flow, &c., with what thou pleasest, except with what is made of a tooth or a talon.] (Mgh, Msb.) The issuing forth of the blood from the place of slaughter is likened to the flowing of water in a river. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) He made it wide; (S, K;) namely, a spear-wound or the like, (S, TA,) or a نَهْر [or channel of a river], as is implied in the K, but in other lexicons as in the S. (TA.) A3: He was, or became, in day-time: (S, * K, * TA:) he entered upon day-time: (MS:) from النَّهَارُ. (S.) 8 إِنْتَهَرَ see 1, in five places.10 إِسْتَنْهَرَ see 1. b2: It (a river [in the CK النَّهْرَ is put by mistake for النَّهْرُ]) took a place, (JK,) or a settle place, (K,) for its channel. (JK, K.) b3: It (a thing) became wide. (S.) نَهْرٌ and ↓ نَهَرٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) A channel in which water runs: (A, K:) so most say: or the water itself [that runs therein; i. e., a river; a rivulet; a brook; a canal of running water]: (TA:) or a wide channel in which water runs: originally, the water [that runs therein]: (Mgh:) or properly, wide running water: and by a secondary application, which is tropical. (tropical:) the trench or channel [in which it runs]: (Msb, TA *:) pl. [of pauc.] أَنْهُرٌ, (Msb, K,) a pl. of the former, (Msb,) and أَنْهَارٌ, (S, Msb, K,) a pl. of the latter, (Msb,) [but used as a pl. of either, both of pauc. and of mult. and the most common of all the pls.,] and نُهُرٌ, (Msb, and so in some copies of the K,) with two dammehs, a pl. of the former, (Msb,) or نُهْرٌ, (as in some copies of the K and in the TA,) and نُهُورٌ, (IAar, K.) You say, جَرَى النَّهْرُ [The river ran, or flowed]; like as you say, جَرَى المِيزَابُ. (Msb.) And نَهْرٌ كَثِير المَآءِ [A channel of running water having much water]. (A.) And ↓ نَهَرٌ is also used in a pl. sense: as in the Kur, [liv. 54], فِى جَنَّاتٍ وَنَهَرٍ [In gardens and among rivers], i. e., أَنْهَارِ; like the phrase in the Kur, (same chap. verse 45,] وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبْرَ, (Fr, S.) meaning الأَدْبَارَ, (Fr, TA:) but it is otherwise explained. (S.) See نَهَرٌ below.

نَهَرٌ: see نَهْرٌ, in two places.

A2: Amplitude: (K:) or light and amplitude: so, accord. to some, in the Kur, liv. 54, differently explained above: see نَهْرٌ, (S, TA.) or, accord. to Th, نَهَر is a pl. [or rather quasi pl.] of نُهُرٌ, which is a pl. of نهَارٌ. (TA.) نَهِرٌ Much, (TA;) as also ↓ نَهيرٌ; (K, TA;) both applied to water. (TA.) b2: A wide نَهْر [or river, or channel in which water runs]. (K.) A2: رَخُلٌ نَهِرٌ A man of day-time; syn. صَاحِبُ نَهَارٍ; (S, K;) who makes inroads or incursions into the territories of enemies therein: (S:) or who works therein: (A:) a kind of rel. n.; as is shown by the ex.

لَسْتُ بِلَيْلِىٍّ وَلٰكِنِّى نهِرٌ لَا أُدْلِجُ اللَّيْلَ وَلٰكِنْ أَبْتَكِرْ [I am not one of the night-time, but I am one of the day-time; I do not journey in the night, but I go forth early in the morning]: as though he said ↓ نَهَارِىّ. (Sb.) The verse is correctly related as above; not as it is given in the S. (IB.) b2: See also أَنْهَرُ.

نَهَارٌ Day; or day-time; contr. of لَيْلٌ: (S, TA:) or broad daylight, (Mgh,) from sunrise to sunset: (Mgh, Msb, K:) this is the original signification: (TA;) or this is the signification in the vulgar conventional language: but in the classical language it signifies the time from the rising of the dawn to sunset: (Msb:) or the light between the rising of the dawn and sunset: (K:) and so accord. to the lawyers: (TA:) in the trads., it is the whiteness of the نهار, and the blackness of the ليل; and there is nothing intervening between the ليل and the نهار: but sometimes the Arabs amplified, and applied نهار to the time from the clear shining of the dawn to the setting [of the sun]: (Msb.) or (so accord. to the TA. but in some copies of the K, and the spreading of the light [which is a cause] of sight and its dispersion: (K:) in this explanation in the L, in the place of وَافْتِرَاقُهُ we find وَاجْتِمَاعُهُ [and its collecting together]: (TA:) it is also syn. with يَوْمٌ; and is so when used without restriction in the non-fundamental sciences of religion, (الفُرُوع,) as in the phrases صُمْ نَهَارًا [fast thou a day] and إِعْمَلْ نَهَارًا [work thou a day]: and it may be so used, or in its proper classical sense, when prefixed to يَوْم, governing the latter in the gen. case: (Msb:) it has no proper dual, (Mgh, Msb,) and no proper pl., (S, Mgh, Msb, K, (like عَذَابٌ and سَرَابٌ; (S, K;) the former of which, however, has a pl. assigned to it [by Zj and] in the K, namely, أَعْذِبَةٌ; (MF;) [and respecting the latter see شَرَابٌ, with ش;] [for] نهار is a name applied to every يَوْم [or day]; and لَيْلٌ, to every لَيْلَة [or night]: one does not say نَهَارٌ وَنَهَارَانِ, nor لَيْلٌ وَلَيْلَانِ: but the sing. of نهار is يَوْمٌ (TA.) and the dual, يَوْمَانِ, (Msb, TA:) and the pl., أَيَّامٌ. (Msb:) and the contr. of يوْمٌ is لَيْلَةٌ, so says Az, on the authority of AH(??) (TA:) or it has pls.: namely, أَنْهُرٌ, (IAar, S, K,) a pl. of pauc., (S,) in some lexicons أَنْهِرَةٌ, (TA,) also a pl. of pauc.,] and نُهُرٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) a pl. of mult. (S) [See also نَهَرٌ.] Ibn-Keys(??) cites the following ex., لَوْلَا الثَّرِيدَان لَمُتْنَا بِالضُّمُرْ ثَرِيدُ لَيْلٍ وَثرِيدٌ بِالنَّهُرْ [Were it not for the two thereeds (or messes of crumbled bread moistened with broth), we had died of leanness: the thereed of night, and thereed in the day-times]. (S.) نَهِيرٌ: see نَهِرٌ.

نَهَارِىٌّ: see نَهِرٌ. b2: Food that is eaten in the beginning of the day. (TA.) نَهَارٌ أَنْهَرُ, and ↓ نَهرٌ, [A bright day:] in each of these phrases the epithet has an intensive effect, (K, * TA,) as the epithet in لَيْلٌ أَلْيَلُ. (TA.) مَنْهَرٌ The place of a river. (T, TA.) b2: A place which the water hollows out in a نَهْر [or channel of a river]. (K.) b3: A cleft, (K, TA,) or hole, (TA,) in a fortress, passing through [the wall], whence water runs. (K, TA,) or by which water enters: (TA:) pl. مَنَاهِرُ. (TA.)

نعس

1 نَعَسَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, M, and so in a copy of the B by the author of the K,) or ـَ (A, K,) [the latter being agreeable with analogy,] inf. n. نُعَاسٌ, (S, A, K, * TA,) or this is a simple subst., (Msb,) [He drowsed; he was, or became, drowsy, or heavy with sleepiness: or he slumbered, or dozed:] the inf. n. is syn. with وَسَنٌ: (S, A, K:) or ↓ نُعَاسٌ signifies languor in the senses, (K, TA,) arising from the heaviness [which is the prevenient sign] of sleep: (TA:) or the beginning of sleep: (M, art. وسن:) or its proper signification is, accord. to Az, (Msb, TA,) وَسَنٌ (Msb) or سِنَةٌ (TA) without sleep: (Msb, TA,) or سِنَةٌ is in the head, and نُعَاسٌ is in the eye: or سنة is the vapour (ريح) of sleep which begins in the face, then is transmitted to the heart, and you say, of a man, يَنْعَسُ, and then, يَنَامُ. (Msb, art. نوم.) It is said in a proverb, مَطْلٌ كَنُعَاسِ الكَلْبِ [A delaying of the payment, of a debt, or the like, like the drowsing, or slumbering, of the dog:] i. e. continual: (S, TA:) for the dog is characterized by much نعاس, and, as is said in the B, is accustomed to open his eyes [only] sufficiently for the purpose of guarding, and this he does time after time. (TA.) b2: نَعَسَ, (TK,) inf. n. نَعْسٌ, (IAar, K,) (assumed tropical:) It (a man's judgment, and his body,) was soft, and weak. (IAar, K, TK.) b3: (assumed tropical:) It (a market) was, or became, stagnant, or dull, with respect to traffic. (K, TA.) 4 انعس (assumed tropical:) He begat heavy, sluggish, lazy, indolent, or torpid, sons. (AA, K.) 6 تناعس He feigned himself [drowsing, or slumbering, or] sleeping. (K, * TA.) b2: (tropical:) It (lightning) became faint. (A, TA.) نَعْسَةٌ [A single fit of drowsiness: or of slumber:] a single movement of the head in drowsing or slumbering. (TA.) You say, رَكَبَتْهُ نَعْسَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ [A vehement fit of drowsiness, or of slumber, came upon him]. (A.) And نَعَسْتُ نَعْسَةً وَاحِدَةً [I drowsed, or slumbered, once]. (S.) نَعْسَانٌ: see نَاعِسٌ.

نُعَاسٌ: see 1.

نَعُوسٌ A she-camel bountiful in yielding milk; (S, A, K;) that drowses, or slumbers, in yielding milk; (A;) or because, in yielding milk, she drowses, or slumbers: (S:) or having much milk, that drowses, or slumbers, when milked: (M:) or that closes her eyelid on being milked. (Az, TA.) نَعَّاسَةٌ: see نَاعِسٌ.

نَاعِسٌ, part. n. of نَعَسَ, [Drowsing, drowsy, or heavy with sleep: or slumbering, or dozing:] (S, Msb, K:) as also ↓ نَعْسَانٌ; (Lth, Fr, Th, Msb, K;) but this latter is rare; (Fr, Th, Msb, K;) and by some disallowed: (TA:) fem. of the former with ة: (Msb, TA:) and of the latter نَعْسَى, made to accord. with وَسْنَى, fem. of وَسْنَانٌ; and this is best in poetry: (Lth, Msb, TA:) and ↓ نَعَّاسَةٌ is also used as an epithet [in an intensive sense] applied to a female: (TA:) the pl. of نَاعِسٌ is نُعَّسٌ; like رَكَّعٌ, pl. of رَاكِعٌ: and that of نَاعِسَةٌ is نَوَاعِسُ. (Msb.) b2: جَدُّهُ نَاعِسٌ (tropical:) [His good fortune is slumbering]. (A, TA.)

نفض

1 نَفَضَ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. نَفْضٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) He shook (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) a thing, (Mgh, Msb,) or a garment, or piece of cloth, (S, A, K,) in order that what was upon it, of dust &c., might fall off (S, * A, * Mgh, K, *) or to remove from it dust and the like; (Msb:) he took a thing with his hand, and shook it, or shook it violently, to remove the dust from it: (TA:) and in like manner a tree, in order that what was upon it [of face or of leaves] might fall of; (S, A;) ??

instance,] a tree of the kind called عِضاه, to shake off its leaves. (TA) You say also, نَفَضَ عَنَهُ الغُبَارَ and التُّرَابَ [He shook off from it the dust (A.) And نَفَضَتُ الوَرَقَ مِنْ الشَّجَرَة. inf. n. ??

above, [He shook off the leaves from the tree;] be made the leaves to fall from the tree. (Msb,) And نَفْضٌ also signifies The sprinkling or ??

tering in drops, (syn. رَشٌّ,) water and blood. ??

K, in art. رش,) and tears, (K, ??: &c. ??

bid.) b2: [Hence,] ?? (S, A, K) (tropical:) The fever made him to shiver, or tremble (As, TA b3: And نَفَضَتِ المَرْأَةُ, (K,) or نَفضَتٌ كَرشَهَا (??) or نَفَضَتْ وَلَدَهَا مِنْ بَطْنها, (A,) The woman have many children; was prolific (S, K. TA) and نَفَضَت الإِبِلُ (assumed tropical:) The she-camels brought forth, (S, L, K,) all of them: (L;) and ↓ انعضت signifies the same. (IDrd, S, K.) And ??

بَيْضَها (tropical:) [The ?? la?? hen eggs. or all ??

A. TA.) b4: Hence also,] فَامَ يَنَفُضُ الكرَى, He arose, shaking off drowsiness]. (A. TA.) and نَفَضَ الأَسْفَامَ عَنْهُ وَاسْتَصَحّ; [He shook off water-dust from him, and ?? ?? from his ??

i. e. his health became in a ?? state (A. TA.) And نَفَضَ مِنْ مَرَضِهِ (A,) inf. n. نُفُوضٌ, (TA, K,) (tropical:) He recovered, or became free, from his ?? (A, K, * TA.) b5: And ?? ??

shored him what was in my heart (?? R ??

TA, in art. شكو and شكى b6: And ?? (tropical:) He cleared the road of robbers, and ?? of travellers: (tropical:) he guarded the road ?A. TA [The latter signification is shown by an explanation or the act. part. n.] It is said in the trad. of Aboo-Bekr and the cave [in which Mohammad was hiding himself], أَنَا أَنَفُضُ مَا حَوْلَكَ ??

guard what is around thee, and go round ??

to try if I can see a pursuer. (TA.) You say also, نَفَضَ المَكَان, (S, K,) aor. as above, (TA.) inf. n. نَفَضٌ (S, TA.) and ↓ ??, and ↓ تنفّضهُ; (S, K;) (tropical:) He looked trying to see all that was in the place: (S;) or he looked at all that was in the place so as to know it. (K) and hence نَفَضَ signifies (tropical:) He searched to the at most. (L.) And إِذَا تَكَلَّمُت نَهَارًا فَانْفُضْ وَإِذَا تَكَلَّمْتَ لَيْلًا فَاخْفِضْ (S, K, * TA) (tropical:) When thou speakest by day, look aside, or about, to try if thou see any one whom thou dislikest; (S, K, TA;) and when thou speakest by night, lower thy voice. (TA.) and القَوْمَ ↓ استنفض (tropical:) He looked at the people, or company of men, endeavouring to obtain a clear knowledge of them; or considered, or examined, them repeatedly, in order to know them. (TA.) The saying of El-'Ojeyr Es-Saloolee, القَوْمَ طَرْفُهُ ↓ إِلَى مَلِكٍ يَسْتَنْفِضُ means (tropical:) [To a king whose eye] looks at the people, or company of men, and knows who among them has the right on his side: or looks to see in whom among them is mental perception, sagacity, intelligence, forecast, or skill in affairs, and which of them is of the contrary description: (TA:) [or] طَرْفُهُ القَوْمَ ↓ فُلَانٌ يَسْتَنْفِضُ means (tropical:) [The eye of] such a one makes the people, or company of men, to tremble, by reason of his awfulness. (A, TA.) b7: You also say, الإِبِلُ تَنْفُضُ الأَرْضَ (assumed tropical:) The camels traverse the land. (IAar.) b8: And نَفَضَ القُرْآنَ, (IAar,) or السُّوَرَ, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. نَفْضٌ, (IAar,) (tropical:) He read, or recited, (IAar, K,) the Kur-án, (IAar,) or the chapters thereof. (K.) b9: And نَفَضْنَا حَلَائِبَنَا, inf. n. نَفْضٌ; and ↓ اِسْتَنْفَضْنَاهَا; (tropical:) We milked our milch beasts to the uttermost, not leaving any milk in their udders: (TA:) and الفَصِيلُ مَا فِى الضَّرْعِ ↓ انتفض (tropical:) the young camel sucked out all that was in the udder. (A, TA.) A2: [It is also used intransitively in the following exs., as well as in some instances given above. Thus نَفَضَ الشَّجَرُ app. signifies The trees shook off, or dropped, their leaves or fruit. (See an ex. voce عَتِيقٌ, last sentence but one.) b2: And hence] one says, نَفَضَ مَا فِى الجُلَّةِ [app. meaning What was in the palm-leaf basket became exhausted; like نَفِدَ; or it may be syn. with انتفض]; (A, K;) or جَمِيعُ مَا فِيهَا [all that was in it; which shows that ما in the former instance is virtually in the nom. case]. (TA.) See also 4, in two places. b3: And نَفَضَ الصِّبْغُ, (ISh, Mgh, K,) inf. n. نَفْضٌ, (ISh, TA,) or نُفُوضٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) The dye (ISh, K, TA,) of a red or yellow garment, or piece of cloth, (ISh, TA,) lost somewhat of its colour. (ISh, K, TA.) And hence, (Mgh,) نَفَضَ الثَّوْبُ, (A, Mgh,) aor. ـُ (A,) inf. n. نُفُوضٌ, (A, Mgh,) (tropical:) The garment, or piece of cloth, lost its dye: (A:) or lost somewhat of its colour, of redness, or yellowness: (Mgh:) or the colour of its dye faded away so that there remained nothing but the trace. (TA.) نَفْضٌ, accord. to the lawyers, signifies (assumed tropical:) The being scattered, strewn, strewed, or dispersed: and accord. to [the Hanafee Imám] Mohammad, the non-transition of the trace of the dye to another thing: or its exhaling a sweet odour. (Mgh [but it seems that the particle لا, which I have rendered “ non,” is inserted by mistake in my copy of the Mgh.]) b4: نَفَضَ الزَّرْعُ, (K,) or نَفَضَ الزَّرْعُ سَبَلًا, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) The seed-produce put forth the last of its ears. (K, TA.) And نَفَضَ الكَرْمُ (assumed tropical:) The grape-vine opened its bunches, or racemes. (K.) [See also 8.]2 نفّض, (S, TA,) inf. n. تَنْفِيضٌ, (TA,) He shook a garment, or piece of cloth, and a tree, much, or vehemently, in order that what was upon it might fall off. (S, TA. *) b2: Said of a horse, i. q. رَفَّضَ, q. v. (TA in art. رفض.) 4 أَنْفَضَتِ الجُلَّةُ i. q. مَا فِى الجُلَّةِ ↓ نَفَضَ, (A, K,) or جَمِيعُ مَا فِيهَا: (TA:) see 1. b2: انفضوا originally signifies They shook their provision-bags, in order that the dust or the like might fall from them. (A.) And hence, (A,) (tropical:) Their travellingprovisions became consumed, (S, M, A, K, TA,) and their wheat, or food; (M, TA;) like أَرْمَلُوا; (S, M, K, * TA;) as though they shook their provision-bags in order that the dust or the like might fall from them, because of their being empty; (TA;) as also ↓ نَفَضُوا: (K:) or انفضوا, (K,) or, as IDrd says, انفضوا زَادَهُمْ, making the verb trans., (TA,) They consumed their travellingprovisions. (IDrd, K.) And (tropical:) Their camels, or the like, (أَمْوَالُهُمْ,) died, or perished. (S, K.) إِنْفَاضٌ [the inf. n.] also signifies (assumed tropical:) The suffering hunger, or famine: and want. (TA.) b3: انفضت الإِبِلُ: see نفضت.5 تنفّض المَكَانَ: see 1.8 انتفض It (a thing, Mgh, Msb, or a garment, or piece of cloth, S, A, K, and a tree, S, A) shook, or became shaken, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) so that what was upon it, of dust &c., fell off, (Mgh,) or so that the dust and the like became removed from it. (Msb.) Hence the saying in a trad., يَنْتَفِضُ بِهِ الصِّرَاطُ, i. e. [The bridge extending over hell will shake with him so that he will fall from it: or] will shake him, or shake him violently, or [app. a mistake for and] make him to fall. (Mgh.) b2: (tropical:) He trembled, quaked, or shivered: said of a man, and of a horse. (A, TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) It (a grapevine) became beautiful and bright in its leaves: (K:) [as though its dust became shaken off.]

A2: It is also used transitively: see 1, latter half: and see 10, in three places.10 استنفض القَوْمُ (tropical:) The people, or company of men, sent forth a نَفِيضَة, (S, K, * TA,) or party of scouts: (TA:) or sent forth نَفَضَة, or persons to clear the roads of robbers and of intercepters of travellers, or to guard the roads. (A, L, TA.) b2: استنفض المَكَانَ: and القَوْمَ: see 1, in four places. b3: استنفضهُ also signifies (tropical:) He extracted, educed, or elicited, it. (A, Mgh, * K.) You say, اِسْتَنْفَضْتُ مَا عِنْدَهُ (tropical:) I extracted, educed, or elicited, what he had. (A, TA. *) b4: And hence, (Mgh,) استنفض (tropical:) He performed the act of cleansing termed اِسْتِنْجَآء, (Mgh, K,) with three stones, (Mgh,) or with the stone: (K:) or this is from نَفَضَ الثَّوْبَ; because the person who performs this act shakes off from himself what is annoying, with the stone; i. e., removes it. (TA.) Yousay also, استنفض الذَّكَرَ (tropical:) He took extraordinary pains in cleansing, or he cleansed entirely, (إِسْتَبْرَأَ,) the penis from the remains of the urine; as also ↓ انتفضهُ; (K;) and ↓ انتفض [alone]: (TA:) and ↓ this last, he sprinkled some water upon his pudendum after the ablution termed وُضُوْء. (TA in art. نصح.) b5: [Hence also,] استفضنا حَلَائِبَنَا: see 1.

نَفَضٌ What has fallen, of the produce of a tree; (TA;) what has fallen, of leaves, and of fruit: (S, Msb, K:) or a thing that one shakes [or has shaken] off: (T in art. ذرى:) of the measure فَعَلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, (S, Msb, TA,) like قَبَضٌ in the sense of مَقْبُوضٌ, (S, TA,) and هَدَمٌ in the sense of مَهْدُومٌ: (TA:) and (K, TA) what has fallen, (TA,) of grapes, [in the CK we find حَبُّ العِنَبِ for حَبِّ العِنَبِ, the reading in other copies of the K,] when they are found (يُوجَدُ [in the CK يُؤْخَدُ, thus, with خ, and with the unpointed د,]) one with another, (K. TA,) or cleaving one to another: (L, TA:) or what has fallen, of dates, at the feet of the palm-trees: (M, TA:) or what has fallen, of fruit, at the feet of trees; as also ↓ أَنَافِيضُ: (A:) or ↓ this last signifies leaves that are shaken off upon the نِفَاض, q. v.; as also ↓ نِفَاضٌ [which is app. pl. of نَفَضٌ, like as جِبَالٌ is pl. of جَبَلٌ]: (Sgh, K:) the sing. of انافيض is ↓ أُنْفُوضَةٌ. (TA.) [See also نُفَاضَةٌ.]

A2: قوْمٌ نَفَضٌ [app. quasi-pl. of ↓ نَافِضٌ, like as خَدَمٌ is of خَادِمٌ,] (tropical:) A people, or company of men, whose travelling-provisions have become consumed. (ISh.) نُفْضَةٌ (tropical:) The shivering, or trembling, attending a fever termed النَّافِض; (S, K;) as also ↓ نُفَضَهٌ (Sgh, K) and ↓ نُفَضَآءُ. (S, K.) [See also نِفِّضَى.] The subst. [from these words, which seems to indicate that they are inf. ns. or from نَفَضَتْهُ الحُمَّى, which precedes them in the K,] is ↓ نَفَاضٌ [app. signifying (tropical:) A shivering, or tremour, attending that fever]. (K.) A2: (assumed tropical:) A rain which falls upon a piece of land and misses another piece. (S.) [In the O and K in art. عهد, written نَفْضَة.]

نَفَضَةٌ: see نَفِيضَةٌ, in two places.

نُفَضَةٌ: see نُفْضَةٌ.

نَفَضَى: see نِفِّيضَى.

نُفَضَآءُ: see نُفْضَةٌ.

نَفَاضٌ: see نُفْضَةٌ: A2: and see نُفَاضٌ.

نُفَاضٌ: see نُفَاضَةٌ.

A2: Also, and ↓ نَفَاضٌ, (tropical:) The failure of travelling-provisions; i. e. their being consumed: or dearth, or drought: (S, K:) the latter of the words, and of the explanations, on the authority of Th. (S.) Hence, النفاضُ يُقَطِّرُ الجَلَبَ, (S, K,) a proverb, meaning, (tropical:) The failure of provisions, (TA,) or dearth, or drought, (S, K, TA,) causes the camels, driven or brought from one place to another, to be disposed in files for sale, (S, K, TA,) in order that their owners may buy provisions with their price. (TA.) نِفَاضٌ: see نُفَاضَةٌ: and نَفَضٌ.

A2: A piece of cloth upon which the leaves of the سَمُرُ and the like fall, it being spread, (K, TA.) and the tree being beaten with a staff, or stick: (TA:) pl. نُفُضٌ: (K:) and [in like manner] ↓ مِنْفَضٌ and ↓ مِنْفَاضٌ signify a garment of the kind called كِسَآء, upon which the نَفَض [or leaves or fruit of a tree] fall: (A, TA:) or ↓ مِنْفَضٌ signifies i. q. مِنْسَفٌ, (S, K,) i. e. a vessel (وِعَآء) in which dates [and grain] are shaken to remove the dust &c. (TA.) b2: A garment of the kind called إِزَار worn by boys: (S, K:) pl. as above. (TA.) Yousay also, مَا عَلَيْهِ نِفَاضٌ, (S, K,) meaning He has not upon him any clothing. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) نَفُوضٌ (tropical:) A woman having many children: prolific. (S, A, K.) A2: رَجُلٌ نَفُوضٌ لِلْكَلَامِ (tropical:) A man who considers, examines, or studies, speech, or language, or does so repeatedly, in order to obtain a clear knowledge of it. (TA.) نُفَاضَةٌ What has fallen in consequence of shaking to cause something upon it to fall; (S;) what has fallen from a thing so shaken; (IDrd, K;) whatever it be; as, for instance, of leaves; and mostly, of leaves of the سَمُر in particular, when collected and beaten off [or rather beaten off and collected] in a garment, or piece of cloth; (IDrd, L, TA;) [like نَفَضٌ, q. v.;] and ↓ نُفَاضٌ signifies the same; (S, K;) and ↓ نِفَاضٌ also. (K.) And What remains in one's mouth, of a سِوَاك [or tooth-stick], and is spit out; or a particle broken off therefrom, remaining in the mouth, and spit out; i. q. نُفَاثَةُ سِوَاكٍ, (IAar, K,) and ضُوَازَتُهُ. (IAar.) نَفِيضَةٌ (tropical:) A company sent forth into the land to see whether there be in it an enemy, (S, K,) or not, (K,) or any [cause of] fear; (S;) like طَلِيعَةٌ; (S, TA;) as also ↓ نَفَضَةٌ; [pl. of ↓ نَافِضٌ, like as طَلَبَةٌ is of طَالِبٌ:] (S, K:) or the former signifies men going before an army as scouts, or explorers: (As, in TA, voce حَضِيرَةٌ:) or men who explore a place thoroughly: and also, a single person: (A 'Obeyd, in TA, ibid.:) or a scout, or scouts, stationed on a mountain or other elevated place: (TA:) or one who guards the road: (A, TA:) or a company [of men]: (TA:) and ↓ the latter, persons who clear the roads of robbers and of intercepters of travellers; or who guard the roads; (A, TA:) the pl. of the former is نَفَائِضُ; (S;) which also signifies persons who throw pebbles in order to know if there be behind them anything that they dislike, or an enemy. (K.) b2: Also, the pl., (assumed tropical:) Lean, or emaciated, camels; (S, K:) accord to AA, as occurring in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb, in which he says, تُلْقِى النَّفَائِضُ فِيهِ السَّرِيحَا (S, TA,) In which the lean, or emaciated, camels cast the shoes; meaning that these have become dissundered; or, as Akh says, the thongs so called [by which their shoes are fastened], these being dissundered; فيه referring to the road; but some read, فِيهَا, referring to the roads, mentioned before: (TA:) As reads نفائض, as well as AA: (S, TA:) but others read the word with ق, as pl. of نِقْضٌ, and signifying “ jaded ” camels: (so in a copy of the S:) or نفائض signifies camels which traverse the land. (IAar, K.) b3: The sing. is also said to signify Waters where there is not any one. (IAar, Sh; both in the TA. voce حَضِيرَةٌ, q. v., and the former also in this art.) نِفِّضَى Motion: and tremour; or shivering; as also ↓ نِفِضَّى and ↓ نَفَضَى. (O, K.) [See also نُفْضَةٌ.]

نَافِضٌ (assumed tropical:) A fever attended with shivering, or trembling: (S, A. * K:) of the masc. gender: (ISd, K:) but applied as an epithet to حُمَّى

[which is fem.] (TA.) Contr. of صَالِبٌ. (S, in art. صلب.) You say, أَخَذَتْهُ حُمَّى نَافِضٍ, (S, K,) and حُمَّى بِنَافِضٍ, (K,) which is the more approved form, (TA,) and حُمَّى نَافِضٌ, (K,) the latter word being sometimes thus used as an epithet; the second meaning (tropical:) Fever took him, or affected him, with [a shivering, or trembling, or] violent shivering or trembling; (TA;) [and the first and third, fever attended with shivering, or trembling, took him, or affected him.]

A2: See also نَفِيضَةٌ

A3: and نَفَضٌ

A4: ثَوْبٌ نَافِضٌ (tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, which has lost its dye: (A:) or which has lost somewhat of its colour, of redness, or yellowness. (Mgh.) أُنْفُوضَةٌ: pl. أَنَافِيضُ: see نَفَضٌ, in three places.

دَجَاجَةٌ مُنْفِضٌ, (A,) or منفضة [i. e. مُنْفِضَةٌ], (TA,) (tropical:) A hen that has laid her eggs, or all her eggs, (نَفَضَتْ بَيْضَهَا, A, TA,) and desisted, (A,) or become weary. (TA.) مِنْفَضٌ: see نِفَاضٌ; for the former, in two places.

مِنْفَاضٌ: see نِفَاضٌ; for the former, in two places.

مَنْفُوضٌ (tropical:) Made to shiver, or tremble, by fever (S, K.)

قر

أ1 قَرَأَ الشَّىْءَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. قُرْآنٌ, He collected together the thing; put it, or drew it, together; (S, O, K, TA;) part to part, or portion to portion. (S, O, TA.) [This seems to be generally regarded as the primary signification.] b2: Hence the saying of the Arabs, مَا قَرَأَتْ هٰذِهِ النَّاقَةُ سَلًى قَطُّ and مَا قَرَأَتْ جِنِينًا, meaning This she-camel has not contracted her womb upon a young one: (S, O, TA:) but most say that the meaning is, her womb has not comprised, or enclosed, a fœtus:or the former saying means she has not borne a fœtus: accord. to AHeyth, this same saying and مَا قَرَأَتْ مَلْقُوحًا are both said to mean, by some, she has not borne in her womb a young one (??): and by some, she has not let fall a young one, ever; i. e. she has not been pregnant: and accord. to ISh, one says, ↓ ضَرَبَ الفَحْلُ النَّاقَةَ عَلَى غَيْرِ قَرْءٍ [which seems to mean The stallion covered the she-camel without her bringing forth, or becoming pregnant; for he adds that قرء الناقة means ضعتها; app. ضَعَتُهَا or ضِعَتُهَا; but I have not found ضَعَةٌ nor ضِعَةٌ among the inf. ns. of وَضَعَتْ meaning “ she brought forth; ” and I rather think that the right reading is ضَغَنُهَا or ضِغْنُهَا, and that the meaning therefore is, without her inclining, or being desirous: see 10, third sentence; and see قَرْءُ الفَرَسِ]: and there is another saying; that لَمْ تَقْرَأْ جَنِينًا means She has not, or did not, cast forth a fœtus, or a young one. (TA.) One says also, of the she-camel, (K, TA,) and of the ewe, or she-goat, (TA,) قَرَأَتْ, alone, meaning She became pregnant: (K, TA:) and likewise, of the pregnant [in general], or of the she-camel, accord. to different copies of the K, (TA,) meaning she brought forth: (K, TA:) ISh says that قَرَأَتْ is used in relation to a she-camel; and ↓ أَقْرَأَتْ, in relation to a woman: [each, app., in the former sense and in the latter:] and that one says ↓ نَاقَةٌ قَارِئٌ; pl. نُوقٌ قَوَارِئُ. (TA.) b3: See also 4.

A2: قَرَأَ الكِتَابِ, (S, O, Msb, * K, *) and بِهِ, (Msb, * K,) the verb being trans. by itself and by means of ب, or this particle is redundant, (Msb,) and sometimes the ء is suppressed, so that one says [قَرَى and] قَرَيْتُ

&c., (TA,) aor. ـَ and قَرُاَ, (K,) the latter aor. on the authority of Ez-Zejjájee, as is said in the L, but generally ignored, (TA,) inf. n. قِرَآءَةٌ and قُرْآنٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and قَرْءٌ, (Msb, K,) this last mentioned by Az; (Msb;) and ↓ اقترأهُ; (K;) He read [the book, or Scripture], or recited [it]: (K, TA:) or قَرَأْتُ القُرْآنَ means [properly, or etymologically, accord. to some,] I uttered [the words of] the Kur-án in a state of combination [or uninterruptedly]; (O, TA;) as Ktr is related to have said: (O:) [or قَرَأَ as used in a case of this kind app. signifies properly he read, or recited, the Scripture chanting; like as أَنْشَدَ properly signifies “ he recited ” poetry “ chanting with a high voice: ” (for Scripture and poetry are usually chanted:) then, he read, or recited, anything in any manner, without, or from, or in, a book.] It is said in a trad., مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ القُرْآنَ غَضًّا كَمَا أُنْزِلَ فَلْيَقْرَأْهُ قِرَآءَةَ أُمِّ عَبْدٍ [He who desires to read, or recite, the Kur-án freshly, like as it was revealed, let him read, or recite, it in the manner of Ibn-Umm-'Abd]; meaning فَلْيُرَنِّلْ كَتَرْتِيلِهِ [properly, let him read, or recite, in a leisurely manner, with distinct utterance, and with moderation; but conventionally, let him chant, in a peculiar, distinct, and leisurely, manner; like as he did]: or يُحَزِّنْ كَتَحْزِينِهِ [let him read, or recite, with a slender and plaintive voice, like as he did]: or يَحْدُرْهُ كَحَدْرِهِ [let him read it, or recite it, quickly, like as he did]. (O.) And in a trad. of I'Ab, it is said, كَانَ لَا يَقْرَأُ فِى الظُّهْرِ وَالعَصْرِ, meaning He used not to recite [the Kur-án] aloud in the [prayers of the] noon and the [period of the afternoon called the] عْصر: or he used not to make himself to hear his reciting: as though he heard persons reciting and making themselves and those near them to hear. (TA.) The saying, in the Kur [lxxv. 17 and 18], إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا جَمْعَهُ وَقُرْآنَهُ فَإِذَا قَرَأْنَاهُ فَاتَّبِع قُرْآنَهُ means, Verily on us is the collecting thereof [i. e. of the Kur-án] and the reciting thereof; and when we recite it, then follow thou the reciting thereof:or, accord. to I'Ab, and when we explain it to thee, then do thou according to that which we have explained to thee: (S, O, TA:) or the meaning [signified and implied] is, verily on us is the collecting thereof in thy mind, and the fixing the recitation thereof on thy tongue; and when we recite it to thee by the tongue of Gabriel, then follow thou the reciting thereof, and often recur therein so that it may become firmly rooted in thy understanding: (Bd:) [therefore قُرْآنَهُ in the former instance means the teaching thee to recite it; and thus we may explain the assertion that]

قَرَأَ and ↓ أَقْرَأَ are syn. in like manner as are عَلَا قِرْنَهُ and استعلاهُ. (Sb, TA.) See 4. قَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ means He read, or recited, to him the Kur-án, &c., [as a teacher, or an informant; (as is shown by phrases in the Kur xxvi. 199 and lxxxiv. 21;) like تَلَا عَلَيْهِ: and also, as a conventional and post-classical phrase,] as a pupil, or learner, to his sheykh, or preceptor. (L.) قَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ and السَّلَامَ ↓ أَقْرَأَهُ are syn., (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) signifying He conveyed, or delivered, to him the salutation: or the latter phrase is not used unless the salutation is written: (K, TA:) or belongs to a particular dial.; and is used when the salutation is written, meaning he made him to read the salutation: (AHát, TA:) the aor. of the verb in the former phrase is قَرَاَ, and the inf. n. is قِرَآءَةٌ: As says that the making that verb trans. by itself is a mistake; therefore one should not say اِقْرَأْهُ السَّلَامَ [meaning Convey thou, or deliver thou, to him, salutation]. (Msb.) b2: See also 5.

A3: and see 4, first quarter.2 قرّأت جَارِيَةً She kept at her abode a girl, or young woman, until she should menstruate, in order to find if she were free from pregnancy. (Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà, S, O.) And قِرّئَتْ She was kept in confinement [for the purpose above mentioned, or] in order that the termination of her menstruations might be waited for, or awaited, (K,) or until the termination of her عِدَّة [q. v.]. (TA.) 3 قارأهُ, (O, K.) inf. n. مُقَارَأَةٌ and قِرَآءٌ, (K,) He read, or studied, with him, each of them teaching the other. (O, K.) b2: It is said of the [ch. of the Kur-án entitled] سُورَةُ الأَحْزَاب, as Ibn-Háshim related that trad., إِنْ كَانَتْ لَتُقَارِئُ سُورَةَ البَقَرَةِ هِىَ أَطْوَلُ i. e. [Verily (إِنْ being here a contraction of إِنَّ as in the Kur xvii. 75 and 78 &c.)] it was equal as to the time required to read it, or to recite it, to [that which is entitled] the سورة of the بقرة [or it was longer]: but most related it as commencing with the words ان كانت لَتُوَازِى. (TA.) 4 اقرأت, said of a woman: see 1, former half. Said of a she-camel, (K, TA,) and of a ewe, or she-goat, (TA,) She retained the seed of the male in her womb: (K, TA:) and when this is the case, one says that she is فى قِرْوَتِهَا, which is anomalous, for ↓ فى قِرْأَتِهَا; (TA in the present art.;) meaning in the first period of her pregnancy, before its becoming apparent, or manifest. (TA in art. قرو.) [And accord. to Freytag, (app. in the phrase أَقْرَأَتْ سَمًّا,) the verb is expl. in the Kitáb el-Addád as said of a serpent, meaning It retained poison for the space of a month.] b2: Also, said of a woman, She menstruated: and she became pure from the menstrual discharge: (S, O, * Msb, K, TA:) and so ↓ قَرَأَتْ, in both of these senses, (Msb, TA,) aor. ـَ inf. n. قَرْءٌ; (Msb;) or in the former sense; (Akh, S, K;) and [accordingly] one says, قَرَأَتْ حَيْضَةً أَوْ حَيْضَتَيْنِ [so in copies of the S, agreeably with what immediately precedes, but in one of my copies of the S and in the O and TA, أَقْرَأَت, meaning, she menstruated once or twice]; (S, O, * TA; *) and قَرَأَتْ signifies she saw the blood [of the menses app. for the first time]: (TA:) and أَقْرَأَتْ signifies she became one who had the menstrual discharge. (Akh, S, O, TA.) [Accord. to Zj, as I gather from the TA, the second of the significations in the sentence immediately preceding is from the collection of the blood in the womb: in the opinion of IAth, it and the first signification are from relation to time: but I rather incline to think that the converse of this is the case, and that hence are deduced several other meanings here following.] b3: اقرأت الرِّيَاحُ (S, K) The winds blew, (K,) or began [to blow], (S,) in their time, or season. (S, K.) b4: اقرأ (said of a man, O, TA) He reverted, or turned back, (O, K, TA,) from his journey. (O, TA.) And He returned (K, TA) from his journey. (TA.) b5: And He, or it, approached, or drew near. (K.) You say, أَقْرَأْتُ مِنْ أَهْلِى I approached, or drew near to, my family. (O.) And أَقْرَأَتْ حَاجَتُكَ They object of want approached, or drew near; or has approached, &c. (S, O.) b6: And It set, (K, TA,) said of a star: or the time of its setting came, or drew near. (TA.) أَقْرَأَتِ النُّجُومُ signifies The stars set: (O:) b7: and also (O) The stars delayed [to bring] their rain. (S, O.) b8: And اقرأ is also syn. with أَخَّرَ, (K, TA,) in the phrase اقرأ حَاجَتَهُ [He postponed, or delayed, the object of his want:] (TA:) and, (K, TA,) as some say, (TA,) syn. with اِسْتَأْخَرَ [He, or it, was, or became, behind, backward, late, &c.:] (K, TA:) [but it should be observed that أَخَّرَ is often intrans., and syn. with اِسْتَأْخَرَ; therefore one signification may possibly in this instance be meant by both: such, however, is not the case accord. to SM, as has been shown above, and as is further shown by his saying,] perhaps the saying of the author of the K, that it is syn. with أَخَّرَ, may have been taken from the phrase أَعَتَّمْتَ قِرَاكَ أَمْ أَقْرَأْتَهُ i. e. Hast thou withheld thy entertainment for the guest, or guests, or hast thou postponed it? but his explanation is obviously loose and defective. (TA.) b9: أَقْرَأْتُ فِى الشِّعْرِ is from الأَقْرَآءُ [pl. of القَرْءُ or القُرْءُ: hence it seems to mean I rhymed, or versified: compare أَرْجَزَ from الرَّجَزُ, and أَرْمَلَ from الرَّمَلُ, &c.]. (O. [See also 8.]) A2: أَقْرَأهُ, (L, K, TA,) inf. n. إِقْرَآءٌ, (TA,) He (a sheykh, or preceptor, L, TA) made him, or taught him, to read, or recite; (L, K, TA;) [and so ↓ قَرَأَهُ, inf. n. قُرْآنٌ, as shown before:] see 1, last quarter. One says, أَقْرَأَهُ القُرْآنَ (S, O, L, TA) and الحَدِيثَ (L, TA) He made him, or taught him, to read, or recite, the Kur-án and the tradition. (L, TA.) Hence

أَقْرَأَهُ السَّلَامَ: (AHát, TA:) see 1, near the end. b2: See also what next follows.5 تقرّأ He devoted himself to religious exercises [and particularly to the reading, or reciting, of the Kur-án]; (S, K;) as also ↓ قَرَأَ; (O, TA;) and ↓ اقرأ: (K, TA:) and i. q. تَفَقَّهَ [i. e. he learned knowledge, or science; or particularly الفِقْه, meaning the science of the law. (K.) 8 إِقْتَرَاَ see 1, former half. [After the mention of اقترأهُ as syn. with قَرَأَهُ, it is added in the TA, يقال اقترأت فى الشعر, in which اقترأت is evidently a mistranscription; and not attributable to the copyist, but to the author, of the TA, for the whole sentence is misplaced.]10 استقرأ الأَشْيَآءَ, (Msb,) or استقرى الاشياءَ, (TA in art. قرو,) [both probably correct, as dial. vars.,] He investigated the أَقْرَآء [or modes, or manners of being, (pl. of ↓ قَرْءٌ or قُرْءٌ, and of قَرْوٌ,)] of the things, for acquiring a knowledge of their conditions and properties. (Msb in this art., and TA in art. قرو.) [And one says also, استقرأ الكتَابَ, meaning He investigated the book to find some particular thing.] b2: And استقرأ الجَمَلُ النَّاقَةَ The he-camel left the she-camel (تَارَكَهَا [in the CK and in my MS. copy of the K باركها]) in order that he might see whether she had conceived or not: (S, K:) [or whether she were in her state of desire: for SM adds, after stating that this is from AO,] as long as the وديق [i. e. وَدِيق, an epithet which seems to be properly applied to a female solid-hoofed animal, but here app. applied to a she-camel,] is in her وديق [a mistranscription for وِدَاق or a noun cognate there with], one says of her, ↓ هِىَ فِى قُرْئِهَا and أَقْرَائِهَا. (TA. [See also 1, first quarter; and see قَرْءُ الفَرَسِ.]) b3: And استقرأهُ signifies He desired, or demanded, of him that he should read, or recite. (MA, TA.) قَرْءٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ قُرْءٌ, (Mgh, Msb, K,) or the latter is a simple subst. and the former is an inf. n., (Msb,) A menstruation: and a state of purity from the menstrual discharge: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, &c.:) thus having two contr. meanings: (S, O, K:) said by IAth to have the latter meaning accord. to Esh-Sháfi'ee and the people of El-Hijáz, and the former meaning accord. to Aboo-Haneefeh and the people of El-' Irák: (TA:) and a time; (AA, S, Mgh, O, K;) and so ↓ قَارِئٌ; (S, Mgh, O;) as in the sayings, هَبَّتِ الرِّيحُ لِقَرْئِهَا and ↓ لِقَارِئِهَا The wind blew at its time; (KT, Mgh;) and this is the primary signification (IAth, Mgh, O) accord. to AA [and some others]; (Mgh;) whence [accord. to them] the first and second of the meanings mentioned above: (KT, S, IAth, Mgh, O:) and قَرْءٌ signifies also the termination of a menstruation: and some say, the period between two menstruations: (S:) accord. to Zj, it means the collecting of the blood in the womb; which is only in the case of becoming pure from menstruation: (TA:) the pl. is أَقْرَآءٌ and قُرُوْءٌ and أَقْرُؤٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) the last of which [as also properly the first] is a pl. of pauc.; (S, O, Msb;) or when قَرْءٌ or ↓ قُرْءٌ has the first of the meanings assigned to it above the pl. is أَقْرَآءٌ, and when it has the second thereof the pl. is قُرُوْءٌ: (K:) respecting the phrase ثَلٰثَةَ قُرُوْءٍ in the Kur [ii. 228], As says, it should by rule be ثَلٰثَةَ أَقْرُؤٍ: (Msb, TA:) the grammarians say that it is for ثَلٰثَةً مِنَ القُرُوْءِ; thus in the L: (TA:) or they say that it is for ثَلٰثَةَ أَقْرُؤٍ مِنَ القُرُوْءِ: but some of them say that it is allowable to use a pl. of mult. in relation to three and more as far as ten [inclusively] without [the necessity of] rendering the phrase otherwise in grammatical analysis. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] A rhyme: (Z, K, TA:) أَقْرَآءٌ (Z, O, TA) and قُرُوْءٌ (O) signifying the rhymes of verses; (Z, O, TA;) which terminate like as do the اقرآء of the states of purity from menstruation; (Z, TA;) [i. e., they are thus called] because they terminate, and limit, the verses: (O:) and أَقْرَآءُ الشِّعْرِ signifies also the several modes, or manners. or species, (IAth, O, K, TA,) and metres, (IAth, TA,) and scopes, (K, * TA,) of verse, or poetry: (IAth, O, K, TA:) the sing. is قَرْءٌ (O, TA) and ↓ قُرْءٌ, and some say ↓ قِرْءٌ also, and ↓ قَرِىْ and قَرِىٌّ, and some say that it is قَرْوٌ [q. v.] with و: and the pl. of قَرِىٌّ is [also] أَقْرِيَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.]. (TA.) One says, هٰذَا الشِّعْرُ عَلَى قَرْءِ هٰذَا الشِّعْرِ i. e. This poetry is according to the mode, or manner, &c., of this poetry. (O.) See also 10, first sentence. b3: Also A periodical festival; syn. عِيدٌ. (TA.) b4: And A fever [app. an intermittent, or a periodically-recurrent, fever]. (TA.) b5: And i. q. غَائِبٌ [app. meaning A thing becoming absent, or unapparent, or setting, like a star: see 4]. (TA.) b6: And قُرْءُ الفَرَسِ means The days of the mare's desiring the stallion: or, of her being covered: one says هِىَ فِى قَرْئِهَا and فِى أَقْرَائِهَا [She is in her days of desiring &c.]. (TA.) See also 1, first quarter; and see 10, third sentence.

قُرْءٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

قِرْءٌ: see قَرْءٌ, last quarter: b2: and see also the paragraph here following.

قِرْأَةٌ The وَبَآء [by which is here meant the common, or general, disease] (As, S, O, K) of a country; (S, O;) of which it is said that when a person has come to that country and remained in it fifteen nights [or days, accord. to one of my copies of the S,] the قرأة thereof quits him; or, as the people of El-Hijáz say, its قِرَة; meaning that if he be affected with a malady after that, it will not be from the وبآء [or قرأة] of the country: (As, S, O;) and it is also termed ↓ قِرْءٌ. (TA. [But I think it not improbable that this last word may have originated in a mistranscription of قِرَةٌ.]) A2: See also 4, second sentence.

القُرْآنُ is said by some of the erudite to be originally an inf. n. of قَرَأْتُ الشَّىْءَ meaning “ I collected together the thing,” or of قَرَأْتُ الكِتَابَ meaning “ I read, or recited, the book, or Scripture; ” and then conventionally applied to signify The Book of God that was revealed to Mo-hammad: (Kull:) it is [also expl. as signifying] the revelation, (K, TA,) meaning that which is termed العَزِيز [the mighty, or inimitable, &c.], which is read, or recited, and written in books, or volumes: (TA:) used as a subst., and unrestrictedly, it is applied in the language of the law to the substance itself [whereof the Kur-án consists], and lexically to the alphabetical letters [in which it is written] for these are what are read; as when one says, كَتَبْتُ القُرْآنَ [I wrote the Kur-án], and مَسِسْتُهُ [I touched it]: (Msb:) [and without the article ال, it is applied to any portion of the Kur-án:] accord. to AO, (S,) and Zj, (TA,) it is thus called because it collects and comprises the سُوَر [or chapters]: (S, O, TA:) and IAth says that the original meaning of the word is the collection; and that the قُرْآن is so called because it has collected the histories [of the prophets &c.], and commands and prohibitions, and promises and threats, [and the like is said in the O,] and the آيَات [i. e. verses, or signs], and the سُوَر [or chapters]: but Ismá'eel Ibn-Kustan- teen, to whom, as a disciple to his preceptor, EshSháfi'ee read, or recited, the Kur-án, is related on the latter's authority to have said that القُرَانُ is a subst., and with hemz, and not taken from قَرَأْتُ, but is a name for the Book of God, like التَّوْرَاةُ [the Book of the Law revealed to Moses] and الإِنْجِيلُ [the Gospel]: and it is related that Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà used to pronounce القران without hemz [like many others, but it is, and always has been, pronounced by most with hemz]. (TA.) b2: It is also applied to The divinely appointed act of prayer (الصَّلَاةُ) because it comprises recitation [of words of the Kur-án]. (IAth, TA.) قَرِىْءٌ: see قَرْءٌ, last quarter.

قَرَّاءٌ A good reader or reciter [of the Kur-án]: pl. قَرَّاؤُونَ: it has no broken pl. (K, TA.) قُرَّآءٌ, (S, O, K,) an epithet applied to a man and to a woman, (Fr, TA,) and ↓ قَارِئٌ and ↓ مُتَقَرِّئٌ, (K,) A devotee; or one who devotes himself [and in the case of the first of these epithets herself] to religious exercises [and particularly to the reading, or reciting, of the Kur-án]: (S, O, K:) pl. قُرَّاؤُونَ (S, K) and قَرَارِىْءُ, (K, TA,) [in the CK قَرارِئُ and] in a MS copy of the K قَوَارِئُ, which might be a pl. of قَارِئٌ; and in the L قَرَائِئُ. (TA.) And قُرَّآءُ is sometimes a pl. of قَارِئٌ. (S.) قَارِئٌ as an epithet applied to a she-camel; pl. قَوَارِئُ: see 1, former half.

A2: Also Reading, or reciting, the Kur-án [&c.]; or a reader, or reciter, thereof: (K, TA:) and sometimes the ء is suppressed, so that one says قَارٍ: (TA:) pl. قَرَأَةٌ and قُرَّآءٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and قَارِئُونَ. (Msb, K.) b2: And syn. with قُرَّآءٌ, q. v. (K.) A3: See also قَرْءٌ, first quarter, in two places.

A4: هٰذَا وَقْتُ قَارِئِ الرِّيحِ means This is the time of the blowing of the wind. (TA.) A5: It is also said to signify The top, or upper part, of a قَصْر [or pavilion, &c.]. (O.) أَقْرَؤُكُمْ, occurring in a trad., may mean He, of you, who reads, or recites, [the Kur-án] most: or it may mean, who is most sound in his knowledge of the Kur-án, and who retains it most in his memory. (Ibn-Ketheer, TA.) مُقْرِئٌ [thus withot ة] Menstruating: (S, Msb:) and also being pure from the menstrual discharge. (Msb.) A2: And One who makes, or teaches, another or others to read, or recite, (S, TA,) the Kur-án [&c.). (S.) مُقَرَّأَةٌ One whose termination of her menstruations is waited for, or awaited (K.) [See the verb.]

صَحِيفَةٌ مَقْرُوْءَةٌ, (K, TA,) the only form of the latter word allowed by Ks and Fr, (TA,) and مَقْرُوَّةٌ and مَقْرِيَّةٌ, (K, TA,) which are extr., except in the dial. of those who say قَرَيْتُ [ for قَرَأْتُ], (TA,) [A writing read.]

مُتَقَرِئٌ: see قُرَّآءٌ.

قود

1 قَادَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. قَوْدٌ (S, Mgh, L, Msb, K) and قِيَادٌ (Mgh, Msb) and قِيَادَةٌ (Msb, K) and مَقَادَةٌ and قَيْدُودَةٌ (S, L, K) [originally قَيْوَدُودَةٌ, of the measure فَيْعَلُولَةٌ, like دَيْمُومَةٌ &c.,] and تَقْوَادٌ, (K,) [an intensive form; or, accord. to some, inf. n. of قَوَّدَ;] He led him; (namely, a horse &c., L;) contr. of سَاقَهُ; القَوْدُ being from before, and السَّوْقُ from behind; (Kh, L, Msb, K;) he drew him (a camel) after him; (L;) as also ↓ اقتادهُ; (S, L, K;) and ↓ قوّدهُ, inf. n. تَقْوِيدٌ; (K;) or اقتاده signifies he led him for himself: (Msb:) and قوّده, he led him much: (S, A, L:) you say قوّد فَرَسَهُ he led his horse much. (A.) [One says also قَادَ بِهِ; app. by poetic license: see a verse of Jereer cited in the first paragraph of art. رضع.] b2: أَصْبَحْتُ يُقَادُ بِىَ البَعِيرُ (tropical:) [lit., I have become in such a state that the camel is led with me; i. e.,] I have become old and decrepit. (A.) b3: قَادَتِ الرِّيحُ السَّحَابَ (tropical:) The wind led on the cloud, or clouds. (L.) b4: قَادَ, inf. n. قِيَادَةٌ (Mgh, Msb) and قَوْدٌ, (L,) (assumed tropical:) He led an army. (Mgh, L, Msb.) b5: النَّبْتُ الثَّوْرَ ↓ اقتاد (tropical:) [The herbage attracted the bull by its odour;] he perceived its odour and rushed upon it. (A.) b6: قَادَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. قِيَادَةٌ, (tropical:) He acted the part, or performed the office, of a pimp, or bawd; or, of a pimp to his own wife, or of a contented cuckold. (Msb.) Ex. قَادَ عَلَى الفَاجِرَةِ, inf. n. as above, [He acted the part, or performed the office, of a pimp to the adulteress, or fornicatress]. (A. [Not given there as tropical.]) A2: قَادَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. قِيَادَةٌ, (tropical:) It extended along the surface of the ground; said of a mountain, and of a dyke [&c.]: (T, L:) and so ↓ انقاد; said of a mountain, (the Lexicons passim,) and of a tract of land, (L,) and of sand; (TA;) and ↓ تقاود and ↓ اقتاد. (L.) Yousay, ظَهْرٌ مِنَ الأَرْضِ يَقُودُ كَذَا وَكَذَا مِيلًا, and يَنْقَادُ, and يَتَقَاوَدُ, A rugged and elevated tract of land that extends such and such a number of miles. And هٰذَا مَكَانٌ يَقُودُ مِنَ الأَرْضِ كَذَا وَكَذَا This is a place which stretches along (يجادب) such and such measures of ground. (L.) A3: قَوِدَ, [aor. ـْ (L,) inf. n. قَوَدٌ, (S, L, K,) (assumed tropical:) He (a camel, and a horse, S, L, or other beast of carriage, and a man, L) had a long back and neck. (S, L, K.) See أَقْوَدُ.

A4: قِيدَ It (flour) became compacted together in a mass; syn. تَكَّتلَ and تَكَبَّبَ. (K.) [See also art. قيد, to which it probably belongs.]2 قَوَّدَ see 1.3 مَرَّ وَفُلَانٌ يُقَاوِدُهُ وَيُسَاوِقُهُ [He passed by, or along, such a one vying, or contending, with him in leading on and in driving on]. (A.) [See also 6 in art. سوق.]4 اقادهُ خَيْلًا He gave him horses to lead: (S, L, K:) and in like manner, مَالًا [camels]. (TA.) b2: اقاد الغَيْثُ (tropical:) The rain spread wide: (L, K:) or, had a cloud, or clouds, leading it on. (L.) b3: (tropical:) He (a man) advanced; went forward: (L, K:) as though he gave the means of leading him to the ground and it attained thereby its want. (L.) A2: أَقَادَنِى, (L,) and اقادنى مِنَ القَاتِلِ, (Msb,) He retaliated for me upon the slayer. (L, Msb.) اقادهُ السُّلْطَانُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ [The Sultán retaliated for him upon his brother]. (S.) b2: اقاد القَاتِلَ بِالقَتِيلِ, (inf. n. إِقَادَةٌ, TA,) He slew the slayer for the slain. (S, L, K.) 6 تقاودا (assumed tropical:) They two went away quickly: as though each of them led the other. (L.) [See also 6 in art. سوق]

A2: تقاود (tropical:) It (a place) became even. (A.) See also 1.7 انقاد, [inf. n. اِنْقِيَادٌ,] He (a beast) suffered himself to be led; (Msb, K;) as also ↓ اقتاد (K) and ↓ استقاد. (A, TA.) You say انقاد لِى, and استقاد لى, He was, or became, tractable to me; gave me the means of leading him. (S, L.) b2: انقاد, (A, K,) inf. n. إِنقِيَادٌ, (S, L,) (tropical:) He was, or became, submissive, resigned, manageable, easy, humble, or lowly; (S, L, A, K;) as also ↓ استقاد. (TA.) b3: انقاد السَّحَابُ, and لِلِّريحِ ↓ استقاد, (tropical:) The cloud, or clouds, became led on by the wind. (A.) b4: انقاد (tropical:) It (a road) was easy and direct. (TA.) b5: انقاد لِىَ الطَّرِيقُ إِلَيْهِ (tropical:) The road to him, or it, was, or became, plain, or obvious, or manifest, to me. (L, K.) b6: انقادت إِلَيْهِ المَوَارِدُ (tropical:) The roads, or ways, continued uninterruptedly to it. (As, AM; from a verse of Dhu-r-Rummeh.) See also 1.8 إِقْتَوَدَ see 1 in three places. b2: And see 7.10 إِسْتَقْوَدَ see 7 in three places A2: استقاد الأَمْرَ مِنْهُ He retaliated the thing upon him. (Lth, L.) b2: استقادهُ He asked him (namely a judge, or governor,) to retaliate upon a slayer; to slay the slayer for the slain. (S, L, Msb.) قَادٌ: see قِيدٌ.

قَوْدٌ Horses: (S, L, K:) or a number of horses together: (A:) or led horses; horses led by their leading-ropes, not ridden, (Az, L, Msb, K,) but prepared for the time of want. (L.) You say, مَرَّ بِنَا قَوْدٌ [A number of horses together, or of led horses, passed by us]. (S, L.) قَيْدٌ, contr. from قَيِّدٌ, see مُنْقَادٌ.

قِيدٌ [originally قِوْدٌ, if belonging to this art.,] and ↓ قَادٌ, Measure; syn. قَدْرٌ. (L, art. قيد; and K in the present art.) Ex. هُوَ مِنِّى قِيدَ رُمْحٍ, and رمح ↓ قَادَ, He is [distant] from me the measure of a spear. (L, art. قيد.) قَوَدٌ The slaying of the slayer for the slain: (Lth, L:) or i. q. قِصَاصٌ [which signifies the retaliation of slaughter, and of wounding, and of mutilation;] (S, L, Msb, K;) or slaughter for slaughter, and wounding for wounding. (TA, art. قص.) Ex. طَلَبَ القَوَدَ مِنَ القَاتِلِ [He sought retaliation upon the slayer]. (A.) قَوَدٌ b2: قَتَلَهُ بِهِ قَوَدًا He slew him for him (i. e. for the slain) in retaliation. (Msb.) قِيَادٌ see مِقْوَدٌ in three places.

قَؤُودٌ and قَوُودٌ see مُنْقَادٌ.

قِيَادَةٌ Tractableness; (tropical:) submissiveness; easiness; in a horse or camel. (L.) قِيِّدٌ: see مُنْقَادٌ.

قَوَّادٌ (tropical:) A pimp; a bawd: fem. with ة: (Msb:) a pimp to his own wife; or a contented cuckold; syn. دَيَّوثٌ. (Msb, * TA.) A2: القَوَّادُ The nose; in the dial. of Himyer. (K.) b2: In the following words of Ru-beh, أَتْلَعُ يَسْمُو بِتَلِيلٍ قَوَّادْ [Long-necked, elevating himself, with advancing neck], قوّاد is explained as signifying مُتَقَدِّمٌ. (L.) قَيِّدَةٌ A camel whereby a man conceals himself from the animal that he would shoot, previously to his shooting at it; (ISd;) i. q. دَرِيْئَةٌ; (A, L;) as also سَيِّقَةٌ. (A.) قَائِدٌ A leader of horses: (L:) and (assumed tropical:) of an army: (Mgh, Msb:) pl. قُوَّادٌ and قَادَةٌ (S, Mgh, L, Msb, K) and قُوَّدٌ; (K;) and pl. of قَادَةٌ, قَادَاتٌ. (Mgh.) b2: قَائِدَةٌ [A she-camel] that precedes the other camels [or leads them on,] and with which the young ones keep company. (L.) b3: سَحَابٌ قَائِدٌ (tropical:) A cloud, or clouds, leading on rain. (L.) b4: قَائِدَةٌ (tropical:) A wind [رِيحٌ] leading on a cloud, or clouds. (A.) A2: قَائِدٌ (tropical:) Extending along the surface of the ground; applied to a mountain, and a dyke, (T, L,) and a tract of land [&c.]: (K:) and so ↓ مُنْقَادٌ, applied to a mountain, (the Lexicons passim,) and a tract of land, and of sand. (L.) b2: A prominent part of a mountain (JK, L, K) extending upon the surface of the ground. (JK.) b3: قَائِدَةٌ A hill of the kind termed أَكَمَة extending upon the surface of the ground: (L, K:) or a hill cleaving to the ground. (IAar, in TA, art. خشع.) A3: قَائِدٌ The largest of the channels for irrigation (فُلْجَان) of a land ploughed for sowing. (L, K.) [In the CK, الحَارِث is put for الحَرْث.] ISd says, that he assigns it to this art. only because و is more common than ى. (L.) [Pl. قَوَائِدُ, occuring in the L and TA, voce أَعْرَافٌ.]

A4: القَائِدُ The last star η] in the tail of Ursa Major, بَنَاتِ نَعْشٍ الكُبْرَى: in the K, الصُّغْرَى, but this is a mistake. (TA.) [The star (z) which is the middle one of the three in the tail of that constellation is called العَنَاقٌ, and by the side of it is the obscure star called السُّهَى, and also called الصَّيْدَقُ, and, as is said in the TA, نُعَيْشٌ; and the third of those three, next the body, is called الحَوَرُ In the K, a strange description is given of these stars: it is there said, الأَوَّلُ مِنْ بَنَاتِ نَعْشٍ الصُّغْرَى الذى هو [القَائِدُ] و

آخِرُهَا قَائِدٌ وَالثَّانِى عَنَاقٌ وَإِلَى جَانِبِهِ قَائِدٌ صَغِيرٌ و ثَانِيهِ عَنَاقٌ وَإِلَى جَانِبِهِ الصَّيْدَقُ وهو السُّهَى والثَّالِثُ الحَوَرُ.] b2: The قَوَائِدُ, among the northern stars, are, it is said, four stars forming an irregular quadrilateral figure, distant one from another, [as though ε, ζ, η π of Hercules,] in the midst of which is an obscure star, resembling a soil, and called الرُّبَعُ, they being likened to she-camels with a young one such as is called رُبَعٌ: they are on the left of النَّسْرُ الوَاقِعُ [a Lyræ], between it and بَنَاتُ نَعْشٍ. (TA.) [But قَوَائِدُ, here, is evidently a mistake for عَوَائِذُ.]

قَيْدُودٌ, originally قَيْوَدُودٌ because from قَادَ, aor. ـُ accord. to the Basrees; or, accord. to the Koofees, it is of the measure فَعْلُولَةٌ, and the ى is substituted for و; A mare easy to be led. (IKtt, MF.) A2: قَيْدُودٌ (assumed tropical:) A long, or tall, she-ass, (S, L, K,) &c.: (K:) pl. قَيَادِيدُ. (S, L, K.) See also art. قد. b2: قَيْدُودٌ (assumed tropical:) A mare having a long and curved neck: (L:) not applied to a male. (ISd, L.) أَقْوَدُ A man (S, L) strong-necked: (S, L, K:) so called because he seldom turns his face aside. (S, L.) b2: Hence, (assumed tropical:) One who is niggardly, or tenacious, of his travelling-provision: (S, L, K:) because he does not turn aside his face in eating, lest he should see a man and be obliged to invite him. (S, L.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A man who does not turn aside his face. (L.) b4: (tropical:) A tall, or high, mountain; (S, L, K; *) as also ↓ مُقَوَّدٌ. (K.) b5: قَوْدَآءُ (tropical:) A road of a difficult place of ascent of a mountain (ثَنِيَّةٌ) extending to a great length upwards, (S, L,) or, reaching high. (K.) b6: قُلَّةٌ قَوْدَآءُ (tropical:) A tall mountain-top. (A.) b7: أَقْوَدُ (assumed tropical:) A man who, when he applies himself to a thing, can hardly turn his face away from it. (T, L, A, K. *) b8: (assumed tropical:) A camel, and a horse, (S, L,) or other beast of carriage, and a man, (L,) having a long back and neck: (S, L:) or a long-necked horse, (A,) or camel: (R:) or long, or tall, absolutely, applied to a camel: (R, TA:) fem. قَوْدَآءُ; and pl. قُودٌ: (S, L:) or a horse having a long and large neck. (ISh.) See شَغَبَ.

A2: See also مُنْقَادٌ. b2: (tropical:) More, or most, addicted to the conduct of a pimp, or bawd; or, of a pimp to his own wife, or a contented cuckold. (Msb.) جَعَلْتُهُ مَقَادَ المُهْرِ (assumed tropical:) I placed him on the right hand: (L, K:) because the colt (مهر) is in most instances led (يُقَادُ) on the right hand. (L.) مِقْوَدٌ A leading-rope; (L, Msb;) that with which one leads [a horse &c.]; (K;) a rope or the like with which one leads [a horse &c.]; (Mgh;) a rope upon the neck, for leading [a horse &c.]: (A:) as also ↓ قِيَادٌ; (L, Mgh, Msb, K;) a rope that is tied to the cord of the nose-ring of a camel, or to the bit of a horse or the like, by which a beast is led; (S, L;) a cord, or a thong or strap, attached to the neck of a beast or of a dog, by which the animal is led: (L:) pl. مَقَاوِدُ. (A, Msb.) b2: ↓ أَعْطَى القِيَادَ (tropical:) [lit., He gave the leading-rope; i. e.,] he was, or became, submissive, or obedient, willingly or unwillingly. (Msb.) b3: فُلَانٌ

↓ سَلِسُ القِيَادِ (tropical:) [lit., Such a one has an easy leading-rope; i. e.,] such a one will follow thee agreeably with thy desire; (A;) [is submissive, obsequious, or obedient]: and ↓ صَعْبُ القِيَادِ (tropical:) [signifying having a difficult leading-rope; i. e., refractory]. (L.) مَقُودٌ and ↓ مَقْوُودٌ (the latter extr. [with respect to form], and of the dial. of Temeem, TA,) A beast of carriage led. (K.) غَيْثٌ مُقِيدٌ (tropical:) Wide-spreading rain: or rain having a cloud, or clouds, leading it on. (L.) مُقَوَّدٌ: see أَقْوَدُ.

أَعْطَاهُ مَقَادَتَةٌ He gave him the means of leading him; he was, or became, tractable to him. (S, * L, * K.) مَقْوُودٌ: see مَقُودٌ.

مُنْقَادٌ and ↓ قَؤُودٌ (S, L, K) and ↓ قَوُودٌ, without ء, (Ks,) and ↓ قَيِّدٌ and ↓ قَيْدٌ, [the last but one originally قَيْوِدٌ, and the last contracted from it,] like مَيِّتٌ and مَيْتٌ, and ↓ أَقْوَدُ, (L, K,) A horse, (Ks, S, L, K,) and a camel, (Ks, L,) tractable; (tropical:) submissive; easy. (Ks, S, L, K.) Ex. اِجْعَلْ فِى

أَوَّلِ قِطَارِكَ بَعِيرًا قَيِّدًا [Place thou at the head of thy string of camels a camel that is tractable]. (A.) A2: مُنْقَادٌ: see قَائِدٌ. b2: (tropical:) A direct road. (A.)