نقض

1 نَقَضَهُ, (M, Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـُ (M, Msb, TA,) inf. n. نَقْضٌ, (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) He undid it; took it; or pulled it, to pieces: untwisted it: unravelled it: unwove it: dissolved it: broke it: or rendered it uncompact, unsound, or unfirm,: after having made it compact, sound, or firm: (JK, M, A, Msb, K, TA:) namely a building, or structure: and a rope, or cord: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, TA:) and silk, or flax: (TA:) and cloth: (L:) and (tropical:) a compact, contract, or covenant; (S, A, Msb, K, TA;) and (assumed tropical:) a sale: (Mgh:) and (assumed tropical:) other things; (A, K, TA;) such as (assumed tropical:) an affair, or a case; and (assumed tropical:) the state of a place through which the invasion of an enemy is feared: (TA:) contr. of أَبْرَمَهُ, (M, A, K, TA,) as relating to a building or structure, and to a rope or cord, (A, K, TA,) and to a compact or contract or covenant, &c.: (K, TA:) or i. q. حَلَّ بَرْمَهُ, as relating to a rope or cord, and to a compact or contract or covenant: (Msb:) or i. q. هَدَمَهُ, as relating to a building or structure: (TA:) or the inf. n. signifies إِفْسَادُ مَا أَبْرَمْتَ, as relating to a building or structure. (JK, TA,) and to a rope or cord, (JK,) and to a compact or contract or covenant. (TA.) [It is said in the K, that النَّقْضُ is the contr. of الإِبْرَامُ, like الإِنْتقَاضُ and التَّنَاقُضُ: but this is a glaring mistake; and seems to be a corruption of the following passage in the M: النَّقْضُ ضِدُّ الإِبْرَامِ نَقَضَهُ يَنْقُضُهُ نَقْضًا وَانْتَقَضَ وَتَنَاقَضَ, which is meant indicate that انتقض and تناقض are quasi-passives of نَقَضَهُ: and in like manner, the passage in the A, النَّقْضُ فِى البِنَآءِ وَالحَبْلِ وَغَيْرِهِ ضِدُّ الإِبْرَامِ وَانْتَقَضَ وَنَتَقَّضَ, indicates that انتقض and تنقّض are quasi-passives of نَقَضَهُ. Further. it should be observed that نَقَضَهُ, as relating to a building, is not well explained by هَدَمَهُ; for you say, نَقَضَ البِنَآءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ هَدْمٍ, (mentioned in the S and A, &c., in art. قوض,) meaning He took to pieces the building without demolishing, or destroying.] b2: [Hence,] نَقَصَ فُلَانٌ وَتَرَهُ [lit. Such a one undid, or untwisted, his bow-string]; meaning (tropical:) such a one took, or had taken, his blood-revenge. (A, TA.) And الدَّهْرُ ذُو نَقْضٍ

وَإِمْرَارٍ [lit. Time, or fortune, has a property of untwisting and twisting tightly]; meaning (tropical:) that which time, or fortune, [as it were] twists tightly, [or makes firm.] it, at another time, [as it were] untwists, or undoes. (TA.) And نَقَضْتُ مَا أَبْرَمَهُ (tropical:) I annulled [what he confirmed, or made firm]. (Msb.) And يَنْقُضُ عَلَيْهِ (tropical:) [He undoes, or annuls, or contradicts, what he (another) has said]; said of a poet replying to another poet. (Lth, A, K.) b3: نقض السقف, [i. e., app., نَقْضُ السَّقْفِ,] also signifies تحريك خشبه [i. e. تَحْرِيكُ خَشَبِهِ, The moving, or shaking, of the pieces of wood, or rafters, of the roof]. (TA. [But perhaps the phrase to be explained is السَّقْفُ ↓ نَقَّضَ, and the explanation, correctly, تَحَرَّكَ خَشَبُهُ, i. e. The pieces of wood, or rafters, of the roof moved, or shook, (for this, I am informed, is agreeable with modern usage,) app. so as to produce a sound: see also 5.]) A2: See also 4.2 نَقَّضَ see 4, in two places: b2: and 5; and see 1, next before the last break.3 المُنَاقَضَةُ فِى القَوْلِ is (tropical:) The saying that which is contradictory in its meaning [or meanings; as though one of its meanings undid, or annulled, the other]: (S, * K, TA:) from نَقْضُ البِنَآءِ: and meaning (tropical:) the contending with another in words, [or in contradiction,] each rebutting what the other said. (TA.) You say, ناقضهُ فِى الشَّىْءِ, inf. n. مُنَاقَضَةٌ and نِقَاضٌ, (tropical:) He contradicted him in, or respecting, the thing. (M, TA. *) and قُلْتُ لَهُ نِقَاضًا (tropical:) I contradicted him with respect to his saying, and his satirizing of me. (M, TA.) And ناقض أَحَدُ الشَّاعِرَيْنِ الأَخَرَ (tropical:) [One of the two poets contradicted the other]. (A.) And ناقض قَوْلُهُ الثَّانِى الآوَّلَ (tropical:) [His second saying contradicted the first]. (A, TA.) And ناقض آخِرُ قَوْلِهِ الأَوَّلَ (tropical:) [The last part of his saying contradicted the first]. (Mgh.) [See also 6.]4 انقض الكَمْأَةَ, (M, K, TA.) and انقض عَنْهَا. (M, TA,) He removed the crust of earth from over the truffles: (M:) or he extracted, or took forth, the truffles from the earth. (K, TA.) A2: انقض الكَمْءُ The crusts of earth ??? up (تَقَلْفَعَتْ) from over the truffle; as also ↓ نَقَّضَ. (M, TA.) [See also 5.] b2: انقضت الأَرْضُ The earth showed [or put forth] its plants, or herbage. (M, TA.) A3: انقض also signifies It produced, made, gave, emitted, or uttered, a sound, noise, voice, or cry: (S, M, K, TA:) and [particularly] a slight sound like what is termed نَقْرٌ: (S, TA:) said of a joint of a man, (M, K,) and of the fingers [when their joints are made to crack], and of the ribs, (A,) [see also 5,] and of a camel's saddle, (A, TA.,) and of a cupping-instrument when the cupper sucks it, (TA,) [&c., (see نَقِيضٌ,)] and of an eagle, (S, M, K,) and of a hen (S, A) on the occasion of her laying eggs, (A,) and of a chicken, (M, A, K,) and of an ostrich, and of a quail, and of a hawk, and of a scorpion, and of a frog, and of the [kind of lizard called] وَزَغ, and of the وَبْر [or Syrian hyrax], (M, K,) and of a young camel, the sounds of which are denoted by إِنْقَاضٌ and كَتِيتٌ, as those of a camel advanced in age are by قَرْقَرَةٌ and هَدِيرٌ: (S:) or إِنْقَاضٌ relates to animate things; and ↓ نَقْضٌ, inf. n. of نَقضَ, aor. ـُ and نَقِضَ, to inanimate things. (M, K.) [Accord. to the A, whether said of animate things or of inanimate, it is proper, not tropical, but accord. to what is said in the TA voce نَقِيض, it is properly said of animate things, and tropically of inanimate; though, if any such distinction exist, the reverse seems to me to be more probable.] b2: You say also, انقض بِالدَّابَّةِ, (K,) or بِالْحِمَارِ. (Lth,) or, as As says, (M, TA,) بِالعَيْرِ, (M,) or بِالبَعِيرِ, (TA,) and بِالفَرَسِ, (M, TA,) He made a sound to the beast of carriage, (M, K,) or to the ass, (Lth, As, M,) or to the camel, (As, TA,) and to the horse, (As, M, TA,) at the two sides of his tongue, after making it cleave to the roof of his mouth, (Lth, M, K, TA,) without removing its extremity from its place, (Lth, TA,) in order to chide the beast: (L:) or انقض بِهِ signifies i. q. نَقَرَ بِهِ [q. v.]; (As, M, A, TA;) the object being a [camel such as is called] قَعُود; (A;) or whatever be the object. (As, M, TA.) And انقض بِالْمَعْزِ, (S, Sgh, K,) or بِالعَنْزِ, (M, A,) He called the goats, (S, Sgh, K,) or the she-goat; (M, A;) accord. to Az, (S, Sgh,) or Ks. (M, L.) and انقض بِهِ He made a sound to him like as when thou makest a smacking with the tongue to a sheep or goat, [in the TA, كما تنقر الشاة, for which I read كَمَا تَنْقُرُ بِالشَّاةِ,] deeming him ignorant. (TA.) And He made a clapping to him with one of his hands upon the other, so as to cause a [sound such as is termed] نَقِيض to be heard. (El-Khattábee.) A4: انقض أَصَابِعَهُ (M, A, K) He made a sound, or sounds, [app. a cracking of the joints,] with his fingers: (M:) [and so ↓ نَقَّضَهَا, inf. n. تَنْقِيضٌ: (see فَرْقَعَ:)] or he struck with his fingers in order that they might make a sound, or sounds: (K:) if it mean cracking of the joints (فَرْقَعَة), it is disapproved; but if clapping, it is not. (TA.) And انقض العِلْكَ He caused the [kind of gum called] علك to make a sound, or sounds; [i. e., in chewing it, as many women do;] the doing of which is disapproved. (S, L, K. [But in the S and L, it said that إِنْقَاضُ العِلْكَ signifies تَصْوِيتُهُ, which does not necessarily indicate that the former verb is transitive.]) b2: Hence, (S, M, TA,) انقض الحِمْلُ ظَهْرَهُ (S, M, A, Msb, K *) The load made his back to sound by reason of its weight: (M:) or pressed heavily upon him, (S, M, Msb, K,) so that his back was heard to make a sound such as is termed نَقِيض; (M, K; * i. e. the sound of the camel's saddle when it becomes infirm by reason of the weight of the load; (Bd, xciv. 3;) or a slight sound, as when a man makes a smacking with his tongue (يُنْقِضُ) to his ass, in driving him: (TA:) or oppressed his back by its weight: (Msb:) or rendered him lean, or emaciated; جَعَلَهُ نِقْضًا, i. e. مَهْزُولًا. (Ibn-'Arafeh, K.) Thus in the phrase الَّذِى أَنْقَضَ ظَهْرَكَ, (S, M, K,) in [xciv. 3, of] the Kur. (S, M.) 5 تنقّض: see 8. b2: الأَرْضُ عَنِ الكَمْأَةِ The earth clave, or cracked, or burst, from over the truffles; (S, A, * TA;) syn. تَفَطَّرَتْ. (S, TA.) In all the copies of the K, we find تنقّض الدَّمُ, explained by تَقَطَّرَ; [as though meaning The blood was made to drop, drip, or fall in drops;] but how likely is this to be a mistranscription. (TA.) [The right reading of the phrase is probably تنقّض الكَمْءُ; and of the explanation, تَفَطَّرَ; and if so, the phrase is like أَنْقَضَ الكَمْءُ, and نَقَّضَ, explained above: see 4, second sentence.] b3: تنقّض الَبْيتُ The house, or chamber, became cleft, or cracked, in several places, so as to cause a sound to be heard (K, TA.) And تنقّض is also said of a building, [app. in the same sense,] like ↓ نَقَّضَ. (TA.) [See نَقَّضَ السَّقْفُ, in 1, next before the last break.] You say also, تنقّضت عِظَامُهُ (tropical:) His bones made a sound [app. in being broken]. (IF, K, TA.) [See also 4.]6 تناقض: see 8. b2: تَنَاقُضٌ also signifies (tropical:) Mutual contradiction, or repugnancy; contr. of تَوَافُقٌ. (O, TA.) You say, فِى كَلَامِهِ تَنَاقُضٌ (A, Mgh, Msb, TA,) (tropical:) [In his speech is contradiction, or repugnancy, between different parts;] one part of his speech necessarily implies the annulment of another part; (Msb;) his second saying contradicted (نَاقَضَ) his first. (TA.) And تَنَاقَضَ القَوْلَانِ, (A, Mgh,) or الكَلَامَانِ, (Msb,) (tropical:) The two saying, or sentences, contradicted each other; or were mutually repugnant; as though each undid the other; (Msb;) [they annulled each other.] And تناقض الشَّاعِرَانِ (tropical:) [The two poets contradicted each other.] (A, TA.) And تناقض مَعْنَاهُ (tropical:) Its meaning was contradictory. (S, * K, TA.) A2: [It is also used transitively:] you say, تَنَاقَضَا البَيْعَ (assumed tropical:) They two mutually dissolved the sale: as though compared with the saying تَرَآءَوُا الهِلَالَ, meaning “ they [together] saw the new moon; ” and تَدَاعَوُا القَوْمَ, meaning “ they [together] called the people; ” and تَسَآءَلُوهُمْ, meaning “ they [together] asked them; ” notwithstanding that تناقض is [properly] intransitive. (Mgh.) And تَنَاقَضُوا عُهُودَهُمْ (assumed tropical:) [They mutually dissolved, or broke, their compacts, contracts, or covenants]. (T, voce تناكثوا.) 8 انتقض quasi-pass. of نَقَضَهُ [It became undone; taken, or pulled to pieces: untwisted: unravelled: unwoven: dissolved; broken: or rendered uncompact, unsound, or infirm, after it had been made compact, sound, or firm]: (M, A, Mgh, Msb, TA:) as also ↓ تنقّض, (A,) and ↓ تناقض: (M, TA:) [respecting the first and last, see a remark upon a mistake in the K, following the first sentence in 1: but انتقض afterwards occurs in the K used properly in the phrase مَا انْتَقَضَ مِنَ البُنْيَانِ:] i. q. اِنْتَكثَ: (S:) said of a building, or structure: and of a rope, or cord: (A, Mgh, Msb, TA:) [and of silk, or flax: and of cloth: (see 1:)] and (tropical:) of a compact, contract, or covenant: (TA:) [and of a sale: (see 1:)] and (tropical:) of other things. (A, TA.) b2: [Hence,] انتقضت القَرْحَةُ (tropical:) The wound, or ulcer, became recrudescent. (IF, * A.) And انتقض الجُرْحُ بَعْدَ بُرْئِهِ (assumed tropical:) The wound became in a bad, or corrupt, state, after its healing. (Msb.) and انتقض الأَمْرُ بَعْدَ الْتِئَامِهِ (A, * Msb, TA) (tropical:) The affair, or case, became in a bad, or unsound state, after it had been in a sound state. (Msb.) and انتقض أَمْرُ الثَّغْرِ بَعْدَ سَدِّهِ (assumed tropical:) [The state of the place through which the invasion of an enemy was feared became unfortified, after its being fortified, or closed]. (TA.) And انتقضت الطَّهَارَةُ (assumed tropical:) The state of purity became annulled. (Msb.) And انتقض عَلَيْهِ الشِّعْرُ (tropical:) [The poetry became undone, annulled, or contradicted, by a reply against him: see يَنْقُضُ عَلَيْهِ]. (A, TA.) 11 انقاضّ It (a wall) cracked, without falling down; like إِنْقَضَّ. (K in art. قض.) See also إِنْقَاضَ, in art. قيض.]

نُقْضٌ: see نِقْضٌ, in two places.

نِقْضٌ i. q. ↓ مَنْقُوضٌ [Undone; taken, or pulled, to pieces: untwisted: unravelled: unwoven: dissolved; broken: &c. (see 1:)] (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) like نِكْثٌ (S, TA) in the sense of مَنْكُوثٌ: (TA:) as also ↓ نُقْضٌ; (Mgh, Msb;) and ↓ نَقَضٌ: (Sgh:) but El-Ghooree allows only the first: (Mgh:) Az, however, mentions only the second; (Msb;) which signifies as above, applied to a building, or structure; (M, Mgh;) or what has become taken, or pulled, to pieces, (مَا انْتَقَضَ,) of a building, or structure; (K;) as also the first: (TA:) or نَقْضٌ signifies مَا نَقَضْتَ what thou hast undone; taken, or pulled, to pieces; untwisted; &c.]: (M:) and what is undone, of [the stuff of the tents called] أَخْبِيَة, and of [the garments called] أَكْسِيَة, and twisted a second time; (M, K;) as also ↓ نَقَضٌ; (K;) and ↓ نُقَاضَةٌ: (L:) or this last signifies what is undone of a hair-rope: (S, O, K:) the pl. of نِقْضٌ is أَنْقَاضٌ [a pl. of pauc.], (M,) and of the same, (Msb,) or of ↓ نُقْضٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) نُقُوضٌ. (Mgh, Msb.) b2: (tropical:) Emaciated, or rendered lean, (S, M, K,) by travel; (S, K;) upon which one has journeyed time after time: (O:) Seer says, as though travel had unknit its frame; (M, TA;) thus indicating it to be tropical: (TA:) applied to a male camel, (S, M, K,) and to a horse, (M.) and to a female camel, (S, K,) or the female is termed نِقْضَةٌ: (M, K:) pl. أَنْقَاضٌ, (Sb, S, K,) only, (Sb, M,) both of the masc. and fem.; in the latter, the ة being imagined to be elided; (M;) and نَقَائِضُ is [also said to be] a pl. of نِقْضٌ signifying jaded, applied to a she-camel. (So in a copy of the S in art. نفص.) b3: [See an ex. in a verse cited voce سَدٌّ.] b4: The place, (S,) or crust of earth, (M, K,) that becomes broken from over truffles; (S, M, K;) for when they are about to come forth, they break asunder the surface of the earth: (O:) pl. [of pauc.] أَنْقَاضٌ and [of mult.]

نُقُوضٌ. (M, K.) b5: Accord. to the K, i. q. نِفْضٌ; but the latter is a mistranscription; (TA;) Honey that has in it [worms of the kind called] سُوس; wherefore it is taken, (M, K in art. نفض,) and pounded, (K, ubi supra,) and the place of the bees is smeared (يُلَطَّخُ [in a copy of the M يُطْبَخُ, which is doubtless a mistranscription,]) therewith, together with myrtle (آس) and the bees then come to it, and deposit their honey in it; (M, K, ubi supra;) on the authority of El-Hejeree: (M:) or the dung of bees in the place where they deposit their honey: (IAar, AHn, K, ubi supra:) or the bees that have died therein. (Sgh, K, ubi supra.) A2: See also نَقِيضٌ.

نَقَضٌ: see نِقْضٌ, in two places.

نَقِيضٌ (tropical:) A contradictor: applied to a man: fem. with ة. (M, TA.) You say [also], ذَا نقيضُ ذَاكَ (tropical:) This is a contradictor [i. e. the contrary] of that: (A, TA:) [or this is inconsistent with that: for] النَّقِيضَانِ لَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ وَلَا يَرْتَفِعَانِ [what are termed نقيضان cannot be coëxistent in the same thing, nor simultaneously nonexistent in the same thing]; as existence itself and nonexistence, and motion and rest. (Kull, pp. 231, 232) You say also, هٰذِهِ قَصِيدَةٌ نَقِيضُ قَصِيدَةِ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) [This poem is a contradictor of the poem of such a one]. (A.) And النَّقِيضَةُ in poetry is (tropical:) That by which one undoes or annuls or contradicts [what another poet has said]: (S:) or نَقِيضَةُ الشِّعْرِ consists in a poet's putting forth poetry, and another poet's undoing or annulling or contradicting it, by putting forth what is different therefrom: (Lth, K, * TA:) the subst is نَقِيضٌ: [or rather this seems to be an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant, and syn. with نَقِيضَةٌ:] and the act of the two is termed ↓ مُنَاقَضَةٌ: the pl. of نَقِيضَةٌ is نَقَائِضُ: (TA:) you speak of the نَقَائِض of Jereer and El-Farezdak. (A, TA.) A2: A sound, noise, voice, or cry; (Lth, S, M, O, K:) as also ↓ نِقْضٌ accord to the K; but this is an enormous error: (TA:) the former, of the joints (Lth, M, K) of a man, (M,) [a meaning also assigned to نِقْضٌ in the K,] and of the fingers, and of the ribs, (Lth, M, A,) and of camels' saddles, (S, K,) or of a camel's saddle, (M, O, K, [but in CK, for الرَّحْل, we find الرِّجْل, the foot,]) and of camels' litters, (S, K,) and of tanned skins, (K,) or of a tanned skin, (M,) and of a bow-string, (M, K,) and of نِسْع [q. v.] (O, K,) when new, (O,) and of the sucking of a cupping-instrument; (K;) [in all these senses said in the TA to be tropical; but see 4;] and also the former, (S, M, TA,) in the K, erroneously, the latter word, (TA,) of an eagle, (S, M, K,) and of chickens, and of an ostrich, and of a quail, and of a hawk, and of a scorpion, and of a frog, and of the [kind of lizard called] وَزَغ, and of the وَبْر [or Syrian hyrax; &c., see 4] (M,) نُقَاضَةٌ: see نِقْضٌ.

نَقِيضَةٌ: see نَقِيضٌ.

مَنْقُوضٌ: see نِقْضٌ.

مُنَاقَضَةٌ: see نَقِيَضٌ.

مُنْتقِضٌ i. q. مُترَيِّعٌ, [Refraining.] see art. ريع.

نقل

1 نَقَلَهُ He related it, told it, or mentioned it, from another; he transmitted it; he transcribed it. See 1 in art. حكى. نَقَلَ إِلَيْهِ حَدِيثًا [He related to him a tradition]. (Msb.) b2: نَقَلَهُ He transferred it; shifted it; translated it; conveyed it. He discerned it, or took and mentioned it, namely a word or phrase or signification, from (من) such a one; he quoted it; i. e. نَقَلَهُ إِلَى كِتَابِهِ مِنْ كِتَابٍ آخَرَ he transferred it to his book from another book.5 تَنَقَّلَ بِالنُّقْلِ [and تنقّل alone] He ate نُقْل. (MA.) b2: Hence, تَنَقَّلَ بِالحَدِيثِ He amused himself with talk; like as one amuses himself with the eating of fruit after a meal: see تَفَكَّهَ.8 اِنْتَقَلَ He shifted, removed, or passed, from one place, or time (as in an instance in the K voce أَسْوَعَ), or state, to another.

نَقْلُ الأَقْدَامِ The shifting of the feet from place to place. b2: بَآءُ النَّفْلِ i. q.

بَآءُ التَّعْدِيَةِ The ب that renders a verb trans.; as in ذَهَبَ بِهِ. (Mughnee in art. بِ.) b3: التَّآءُ لِلنَّقْلِ or الهَآءُ لِلنَّقْلِ meansلِلنَّقْلِ مِنَ الوَصْفِيَّةِ إِلَى الاِسْمِيَّةِ, i. e. The ة that is added for the transference of a word from the category of epithets to that of substantives; as in خَلِيفَةٌ, accord. to some, and دَائِرَةٌ.

نُقْلٌ Dried and other fruits (such as nuts, almonds, raisins, dried figs, dried dates, &c.), [and comfits:] the fruit [that is an accompaniment] of wine; (MA in explanation of نُقْلٌ [which is more common than نَقْلٌ];) fruit that is eaten with wine. (KL in explanation of نُِقْلٌ.) نَقَلٌ Stones with trees. (Az and IKtt in TA, voce غَدَرٌ.) مَنْقَلَةٌ i. q.

مَرْحَلَةٌ (JK, Msb) مِنْ مَراَحِلِ السَّفَرِ. (JK.) مِنْقَلَةٌ A thing upon which bricks are carried from place to place. (O, voce شَبَحَةٌ.) مُنَقِّلَةٌ

: A wound in the head, by which bone is removed: see شَجَّةٌ.

المَنْقُولُ [Discerned knowledge; opposed to مَعْقُولُ]: under this term are comprised the sciences of أُصُولُ الدِّينِ (also called عِلْمُ الكام).

الحَدِيثُ, and الفِقْهُ: all the other sciences are comprised under the term المَعْقُولُ; (IbrD;) i. e. intellectual, or perceived by the intellect; and excogitated.

قر

أ1 قَرَأَ الشَّىْءَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. قُرْآنٌ, He collected together the thing; put it, or drew it, together; (S, O, K, TA;) part to part, or portion to portion. (S, O, TA.) [This seems to be generally regarded as the primary signification.] b2: Hence the saying of the Arabs, مَا قَرَأَتْ هٰذِهِ النَّاقَةُ سَلًى قَطُّ and مَا قَرَأَتْ جِنِينًا, meaning This she-camel has not contracted her womb upon a young one: (S, O, TA:) but most say that the meaning is, her womb has not comprised, or enclosed, a fœtus:or the former saying means she has not borne a fœtus: accord. to AHeyth, this same saying and مَا قَرَأَتْ مَلْقُوحًا are both said to mean, by some, she has not borne in her womb a young one (??): and by some, she has not let fall a young one, ever; i. e. she has not been pregnant: and accord. to ISh, one says, ↓ ضَرَبَ الفَحْلُ النَّاقَةَ عَلَى غَيْرِ قَرْءٍ [which seems to mean The stallion covered the she-camel without her bringing forth, or becoming pregnant; for he adds that قرء الناقة means ضعتها; app. ضَعَتُهَا or ضِعَتُهَا; but I have not found ضَعَةٌ nor ضِعَةٌ among the inf. ns. of وَضَعَتْ meaning “ she brought forth; ” and I rather think that the right reading is ضَغَنُهَا or ضِغْنُهَا, and that the meaning therefore is, without her inclining, or being desirous: see 10, third sentence; and see قَرْءُ الفَرَسِ]: and there is another saying; that لَمْ تَقْرَأْ جَنِينًا means She has not, or did not, cast forth a fœtus, or a young one. (TA.) One says also, of the she-camel, (K, TA,) and of the ewe, or she-goat, (TA,) قَرَأَتْ, alone, meaning She became pregnant: (K, TA:) and likewise, of the pregnant [in general], or of the she-camel, accord. to different copies of the K, (TA,) meaning she brought forth: (K, TA:) ISh says that قَرَأَتْ is used in relation to a she-camel; and ↓ أَقْرَأَتْ, in relation to a woman: [each, app., in the former sense and in the latter:] and that one says ↓ نَاقَةٌ قَارِئٌ; pl. نُوقٌ قَوَارِئُ. (TA.) b3: See also 4.

A2: قَرَأَ الكِتَابِ, (S, O, Msb, * K, *) and بِهِ, (Msb, * K,) the verb being trans. by itself and by means of ب, or this particle is redundant, (Msb,) and sometimes the ء is suppressed, so that one says [قَرَى and] قَرَيْتُ

&c., (TA,) aor. ـَ and قَرُاَ, (K,) the latter aor. on the authority of Ez-Zejjájee, as is said in the L, but generally ignored, (TA,) inf. n. قِرَآءَةٌ and قُرْآنٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and قَرْءٌ, (Msb, K,) this last mentioned by Az; (Msb;) and ↓ اقترأهُ; (K;) He read [the book, or Scripture], or recited [it]: (K, TA:) or قَرَأْتُ القُرْآنَ means [properly, or etymologically, accord. to some,] I uttered [the words of] the Kur-án in a state of combination [or uninterruptedly]; (O, TA;) as Ktr is related to have said: (O:) [or قَرَأَ as used in a case of this kind app. signifies properly he read, or recited, the Scripture chanting; like as أَنْشَدَ properly signifies “ he recited ” poetry “ chanting with a high voice: ” (for Scripture and poetry are usually chanted:) then, he read, or recited, anything in any manner, without, or from, or in, a book.] It is said in a trad., مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ القُرْآنَ غَضًّا كَمَا أُنْزِلَ فَلْيَقْرَأْهُ قِرَآءَةَ أُمِّ عَبْدٍ [He who desires to read, or recite, the Kur-án freshly, like as it was revealed, let him read, or recite, it in the manner of Ibn-Umm-'Abd]; meaning فَلْيُرَنِّلْ كَتَرْتِيلِهِ [properly, let him read, or recite, in a leisurely manner, with distinct utterance, and with moderation; but conventionally, let him chant, in a peculiar, distinct, and leisurely, manner; like as he did]: or يُــحَزِّنْ كَتَحْزِينِهِ [let him read, or recite, with a slender and plaintive voice, like as he did]: or يَحْدُرْهُ كَحَدْرِهِ [let him read it, or recite it, quickly, like as he did]. (O.) And in a trad. of I'Ab, it is said, كَانَ لَا يَقْرَأُ فِى الظُّهْرِ وَالعَصْرِ, meaning He used not to recite [the Kur-án] aloud in the [prayers of the] noon and the [period of the afternoon called the] عْصر: or he used not to make himself to hear his reciting: as though he heard persons reciting and making themselves and those near them to hear. (TA.) The saying, in the Kur [lxxv. 17 and 18], إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا جَمْعَهُ وَقُرْآنَهُ فَإِذَا قَرَأْنَاهُ فَاتَّبِع قُرْآنَهُ means, Verily on us is the collecting thereof [i. e. of the Kur-án] and the reciting thereof; and when we recite it, then follow thou the reciting thereof:or, accord. to I'Ab, and when we explain it to thee, then do thou according to that which we have explained to thee: (S, O, TA:) or the meaning [signified and implied] is, verily on us is the collecting thereof in thy mind, and the fixing the recitation thereof on thy tongue; and when we recite it to thee by the tongue of Gabriel, then follow thou the reciting thereof, and often recur therein so that it may become firmly rooted in thy understanding: (Bd:) [therefore قُرْآنَهُ in the former instance means the teaching thee to recite it; and thus we may explain the assertion that]

قَرَأَ and ↓ أَقْرَأَ are syn. in like manner as are عَلَا قِرْنَهُ and استعلاهُ. (Sb, TA.) See 4. قَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ means He read, or recited, to him the Kur-án, &c., [as a teacher, or an informant; (as is shown by phrases in the Kur xxvi. 199 and lxxxiv. 21;) like تَلَا عَلَيْهِ: and also, as a conventional and post-classical phrase,] as a pupil, or learner, to his sheykh, or preceptor. (L.) قَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ and السَّلَامَ ↓ أَقْرَأَهُ are syn., (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) signifying He conveyed, or delivered, to him the salutation: or the latter phrase is not used unless the salutation is written: (K, TA:) or belongs to a particular dial.; and is used when the salutation is written, meaning he made him to read the salutation: (AHát, TA:) the aor. of the verb in the former phrase is قَرَاَ, and the inf. n. is قِرَآءَةٌ: As says that the making that verb trans. by itself is a mistake; therefore one should not say اِقْرَأْهُ السَّلَامَ [meaning Convey thou, or deliver thou, to him, salutation]. (Msb.) b2: See also 5.

A3: and see 4, first quarter.2 قرّأت جَارِيَةً She kept at her abode a girl, or young woman, until she should menstruate, in order to find if she were free from pregnancy. (Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà, S, O.) And قِرّئَتْ She was kept in confinement [for the purpose above mentioned, or] in order that the termination of her menstruations might be waited for, or awaited, (K,) or until the termination of her عِدَّة [q. v.]. (TA.) 3 قارأهُ, (O, K.) inf. n. مُقَارَأَةٌ and قِرَآءٌ, (K,) He read, or studied, with him, each of them teaching the other. (O, K.) b2: It is said of the [ch. of the Kur-án entitled] سُورَةُ الأَحْزَاب, as Ibn-Háshim related that trad., إِنْ كَانَتْ لَتُقَارِئُ سُورَةَ البَقَرَةِ هِىَ أَطْوَلُ i. e. [Verily (إِنْ being here a contraction of إِنَّ as in the Kur xvii. 75 and 78 &c.)] it was equal as to the time required to read it, or to recite it, to [that which is entitled] the سورة of the بقرة [or it was longer]: but most related it as commencing with the words ان كانت لَتُوَازِى. (TA.) 4 اقرأت, said of a woman: see 1, former half. Said of a she-camel, (K, TA,) and of a ewe, or she-goat, (TA,) She retained the seed of the male in her womb: (K, TA:) and when this is the case, one says that she is فى قِرْوَتِهَا, which is anomalous, for ↓ فى قِرْأَتِهَا; (TA in the present art.;) meaning in the first period of her pregnancy, before its becoming apparent, or manifest. (TA in art. قرو.) [And accord. to Freytag, (app. in the phrase أَقْرَأَتْ سَمًّا,) the verb is expl. in the Kitáb el-Addád as said of a serpent, meaning It retained poison for the space of a month.] b2: Also, said of a woman, She menstruated: and she became pure from the menstrual discharge: (S, O, * Msb, K, TA:) and so ↓ قَرَأَتْ, in both of these senses, (Msb, TA,) aor. ـَ inf. n. قَرْءٌ; (Msb;) or in the former sense; (Akh, S, K;) and [accordingly] one says, قَرَأَتْ حَيْضَةً أَوْ حَيْضَتَيْنِ [so in copies of the S, agreeably with what immediately precedes, but in one of my copies of the S and in the O and TA, أَقْرَأَت, meaning, she menstruated once or twice]; (S, O, * TA; *) and قَرَأَتْ signifies she saw the blood [of the menses app. for the first time]: (TA:) and أَقْرَأَتْ signifies she became one who had the menstrual discharge. (Akh, S, O, TA.) [Accord. to Zj, as I gather from the TA, the second of the significations in the sentence immediately preceding is from the collection of the blood in the womb: in the opinion of IAth, it and the first signification are from relation to time: but I rather incline to think that the converse of this is the case, and that hence are deduced several other meanings here following.] b3: اقرأت الرِّيَاحُ (S, K) The winds blew, (K,) or began [to blow], (S,) in their time, or season. (S, K.) b4: اقرأ (said of a man, O, TA) He reverted, or turned back, (O, K, TA,) from his journey. (O, TA.) And He returned (K, TA) from his journey. (TA.) b5: And He, or it, approached, or drew near. (K.) You say, أَقْرَأْتُ مِنْ أَهْلِى I approached, or drew near to, my family. (O.) And أَقْرَأَتْ حَاجَتُكَ They object of want approached, or drew near; or has approached, &c. (S, O.) b6: And It set, (K, TA,) said of a star: or the time of its setting came, or drew near. (TA.) أَقْرَأَتِ النُّجُومُ signifies The stars set: (O:) b7: and also (O) The stars delayed [to bring] their rain. (S, O.) b8: And اقرأ is also syn. with أَخَّرَ, (K, TA,) in the phrase اقرأ حَاجَتَهُ [He postponed, or delayed, the object of his want:] (TA:) and, (K, TA,) as some say, (TA,) syn. with اِسْتَأْخَرَ [He, or it, was, or became, behind, backward, late, &c.:] (K, TA:) [but it should be observed that أَخَّرَ is often intrans., and syn. with اِسْتَأْخَرَ; therefore one signification may possibly in this instance be meant by both: such, however, is not the case accord. to SM, as has been shown above, and as is further shown by his saying,] perhaps the saying of the author of the K, that it is syn. with أَخَّرَ, may have been taken from the phrase أَعَتَّمْتَ قِرَاكَ أَمْ أَقْرَأْتَهُ i. e. Hast thou withheld thy entertainment for the guest, or guests, or hast thou postponed it? but his explanation is obviously loose and defective. (TA.) b9: أَقْرَأْتُ فِى الشِّعْرِ is from الأَقْرَآءُ [pl. of القَرْءُ or القُرْءُ: hence it seems to mean I rhymed, or versified: compare أَرْجَزَ from الرَّجَزُ, and أَرْمَلَ from الرَّمَلُ, &c.]. (O. [See also 8.]) A2: أَقْرَأهُ, (L, K, TA,) inf. n. إِقْرَآءٌ, (TA,) He (a sheykh, or preceptor, L, TA) made him, or taught him, to read, or recite; (L, K, TA;) [and so ↓ قَرَأَهُ, inf. n. قُرْآنٌ, as shown before:] see 1, last quarter. One says, أَقْرَأَهُ القُرْآنَ (S, O, L, TA) and الحَدِيثَ (L, TA) He made him, or taught him, to read, or recite, the Kur-án and the tradition. (L, TA.) Hence

أَقْرَأَهُ السَّلَامَ: (AHát, TA:) see 1, near the end. b2: See also what next follows.5 تقرّأ He devoted himself to religious exercises [and particularly to the reading, or reciting, of the Kur-án]; (S, K;) as also ↓ قَرَأَ; (O, TA;) and ↓ اقرأ: (K, TA:) and i. q. تَفَقَّهَ [i. e. he learned knowledge, or science; or particularly الفِقْه, meaning the science of the law. (K.) 8 إِقْتَرَاَ see 1, former half. [After the mention of اقترأهُ as syn. with قَرَأَهُ, it is added in the TA, يقال اقترأت فى الشعر, in which اقترأت is evidently a mistranscription; and not attributable to the copyist, but to the author, of the TA, for the whole sentence is misplaced.]10 استقرأ الأَشْيَآءَ, (Msb,) or استقرى الاشياءَ, (TA in art. قرو,) [both probably correct, as dial. vars.,] He investigated the أَقْرَآء [or modes, or manners of being, (pl. of ↓ قَرْءٌ or قُرْءٌ, and of قَرْوٌ,)] of the things, for acquiring a knowledge of their conditions and properties. (Msb in this art., and TA in art. قرو.) [And one says also, استقرأ الكتَابَ, meaning He investigated the book to find some particular thing.] b2: And استقرأ الجَمَلُ النَّاقَةَ The he-camel left the she-camel (تَارَكَهَا [in the CK and in my MS. copy of the K باركها]) in order that he might see whether she had conceived or not: (S, K:) [or whether she were in her state of desire: for SM adds, after stating that this is from AO,] as long as the وديق [i. e. وَدِيق, an epithet which seems to be properly applied to a female solid-hoofed animal, but here app. applied to a she-camel,] is in her وديق [a mistranscription for وِدَاق or a noun cognate there with], one says of her, ↓ هِىَ فِى قُرْئِهَا and أَقْرَائِهَا. (TA. [See also 1, first quarter; and see قَرْءُ الفَرَسِ.]) b3: And استقرأهُ signifies He desired, or demanded, of him that he should read, or recite. (MA, TA.) قَرْءٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ قُرْءٌ, (Mgh, Msb, K,) or the latter is a simple subst. and the former is an inf. n., (Msb,) A menstruation: and a state of purity from the menstrual discharge: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, &c.:) thus having two contr. meanings: (S, O, K:) said by IAth to have the latter meaning accord. to Esh-Sháfi'ee and the people of El-Hijáz, and the former meaning accord. to Aboo-Haneefeh and the people of El-' Irák: (TA:) and a time; (AA, S, Mgh, O, K;) and so ↓ قَارِئٌ; (S, Mgh, O;) as in the sayings, هَبَّتِ الرِّيحُ لِقَرْئِهَا and ↓ لِقَارِئِهَا The wind blew at its time; (KT, Mgh;) and this is the primary signification (IAth, Mgh, O) accord. to AA [and some others]; (Mgh;) whence [accord. to them] the first and second of the meanings mentioned above: (KT, S, IAth, Mgh, O:) and قَرْءٌ signifies also the termination of a menstruation: and some say, the period between two menstruations: (S:) accord. to Zj, it means the collecting of the blood in the womb; which is only in the case of becoming pure from menstruation: (TA:) the pl. is أَقْرَآءٌ and قُرُوْءٌ and أَقْرُؤٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) the last of which [as also properly the first] is a pl. of pauc.; (S, O, Msb;) or when قَرْءٌ or ↓ قُرْءٌ has the first of the meanings assigned to it above the pl. is أَقْرَآءٌ, and when it has the second thereof the pl. is قُرُوْءٌ: (K:) respecting the phrase ثَلٰثَةَ قُرُوْءٍ in the Kur [ii. 228], As says, it should by rule be ثَلٰثَةَ أَقْرُؤٍ: (Msb, TA:) the grammarians say that it is for ثَلٰثَةً مِنَ القُرُوْءِ; thus in the L: (TA:) or they say that it is for ثَلٰثَةَ أَقْرُؤٍ مِنَ القُرُوْءِ: but some of them say that it is allowable to use a pl. of mult. in relation to three and more as far as ten [inclusively] without [the necessity of] rendering the phrase otherwise in grammatical analysis. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] A rhyme: (Z, K, TA:) أَقْرَآءٌ (Z, O, TA) and قُرُوْءٌ (O) signifying the rhymes of verses; (Z, O, TA;) which terminate like as do the اقرآء of the states of purity from menstruation; (Z, TA;) [i. e., they are thus called] because they terminate, and limit, the verses: (O:) and أَقْرَآءُ الشِّعْرِ signifies also the several modes, or manners. or species, (IAth, O, K, TA,) and metres, (IAth, TA,) and scopes, (K, * TA,) of verse, or poetry: (IAth, O, K, TA:) the sing. is قَرْءٌ (O, TA) and ↓ قُرْءٌ, and some say ↓ قِرْءٌ also, and ↓ قَرِىْ and قَرِىٌّ, and some say that it is قَرْوٌ [q. v.] with و: and the pl. of قَرِىٌّ is [also] أَقْرِيَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.]. (TA.) One says, هٰذَا الشِّعْرُ عَلَى قَرْءِ هٰذَا الشِّعْرِ i. e. This poetry is according to the mode, or manner, &c., of this poetry. (O.) See also 10, first sentence. b3: Also A periodical festival; syn. عِيدٌ. (TA.) b4: And A fever [app. an intermittent, or a periodically-recurrent, fever]. (TA.) b5: And i. q. غَائِبٌ [app. meaning A thing becoming absent, or unapparent, or setting, like a star: see 4]. (TA.) b6: And قُرْءُ الفَرَسِ means The days of the mare's desiring the stallion: or, of her being covered: one says هِىَ فِى قَرْئِهَا and فِى أَقْرَائِهَا [She is in her days of desiring &c.]. (TA.) See also 1, first quarter; and see 10, third sentence.

قُرْءٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

قِرْءٌ: see قَرْءٌ, last quarter: b2: and see also the paragraph here following.

قِرْأَةٌ The وَبَآء [by which is here meant the common, or general, disease] (As, S, O, K) of a country; (S, O;) of which it is said that when a person has come to that country and remained in it fifteen nights [or days, accord. to one of my copies of the S,] the قرأة thereof quits him; or, as the people of El-Hijáz say, its قِرَة; meaning that if he be affected with a malady after that, it will not be from the وبآء [or قرأة] of the country: (As, S, O;) and it is also termed ↓ قِرْءٌ. (TA. [But I think it not improbable that this last word may have originated in a mistranscription of قِرَةٌ.]) A2: See also 4, second sentence.

القُرْآنُ is said by some of the erudite to be originally an inf. n. of قَرَأْتُ الشَّىْءَ meaning “ I collected together the thing,” or of قَرَأْتُ الكِتَابَ meaning “ I read, or recited, the book, or Scripture; ” and then conventionally applied to signify The Book of God that was revealed to Mo-hammad: (Kull:) it is [also expl. as signifying] the revelation, (K, TA,) meaning that which is termed العَزِيز [the mighty, or inimitable, &c.], which is read, or recited, and written in books, or volumes: (TA:) used as a subst., and unrestrictedly, it is applied in the language of the law to the substance itself [whereof the Kur-án consists], and lexically to the alphabetical letters [in which it is written] for these are what are read; as when one says, كَتَبْتُ القُرْآنَ [I wrote the Kur-án], and مَسِسْتُهُ [I touched it]: (Msb:) [and without the article ال, it is applied to any portion of the Kur-án:] accord. to AO, (S,) and Zj, (TA,) it is thus called because it collects and comprises the سُوَر [or chapters]: (S, O, TA:) and IAth says that the original meaning of the word is the collection; and that the قُرْآن is so called because it has collected the histories [of the prophets &c.], and commands and prohibitions, and promises and threats, [and the like is said in the O,] and the آيَات [i. e. verses, or signs], and the سُوَر [or chapters]: but Ismá'eel Ibn-Kustan- teen, to whom, as a disciple to his preceptor, EshSháfi'ee read, or recited, the Kur-án, is related on the latter's authority to have said that القُرَانُ is a subst., and with hemz, and not taken from قَرَأْتُ, but is a name for the Book of God, like التَّوْرَاةُ [the Book of the Law revealed to Moses] and الإِنْجِيلُ [the Gospel]: and it is related that Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà used to pronounce القران without hemz [like many others, but it is, and always has been, pronounced by most with hemz]. (TA.) b2: It is also applied to The divinely appointed act of prayer (الصَّلَاةُ) because it comprises recitation [of words of the Kur-án]. (IAth, TA.) قَرِىْءٌ: see قَرْءٌ, last quarter.

قَرَّاءٌ A good reader or reciter [of the Kur-án]: pl. قَرَّاؤُونَ: it has no broken pl. (K, TA.) قُرَّآءٌ, (S, O, K,) an epithet applied to a man and to a woman, (Fr, TA,) and ↓ قَارِئٌ and ↓ مُتَقَرِّئٌ, (K,) A devotee; or one who devotes himself [and in the case of the first of these epithets herself] to religious exercises [and particularly to the reading, or reciting, of the Kur-án]: (S, O, K:) pl. قُرَّاؤُونَ (S, K) and قَرَارِىْءُ, (K, TA,) [in the CK قَرارِئُ and] in a MS copy of the K قَوَارِئُ, which might be a pl. of قَارِئٌ; and in the L قَرَائِئُ. (TA.) And قُرَّآءُ is sometimes a pl. of قَارِئٌ. (S.) قَارِئٌ as an epithet applied to a she-camel; pl. قَوَارِئُ: see 1, former half.

A2: Also Reading, or reciting, the Kur-án [&c.]; or a reader, or reciter, thereof: (K, TA:) and sometimes the ء is suppressed, so that one says قَارٍ: (TA:) pl. قَرَأَةٌ and قُرَّآءٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and قَارِئُونَ. (Msb, K.) b2: And syn. with قُرَّآءٌ, q. v. (K.) A3: See also قَرْءٌ, first quarter, in two places.

A4: هٰذَا وَقْتُ قَارِئِ الرِّيحِ means This is the time of the blowing of the wind. (TA.) A5: It is also said to signify The top, or upper part, of a قَصْر [or pavilion, &c.]. (O.) أَقْرَؤُكُمْ, occurring in a trad., may mean He, of you, who reads, or recites, [the Kur-án] most: or it may mean, who is most sound in his knowledge of the Kur-án, and who retains it most in his memory. (Ibn-Ketheer, TA.) مُقْرِئٌ [thus withot ة] Menstruating: (S, Msb:) and also being pure from the menstrual discharge. (Msb.) A2: And One who makes, or teaches, another or others to read, or recite, (S, TA,) the Kur-án [&c.). (S.) مُقَرَّأَةٌ One whose termination of her menstruations is waited for, or awaited (K.) [See the verb.]

صَحِيفَةٌ مَقْرُوْءَةٌ, (K, TA,) the only form of the latter word allowed by Ks and Fr, (TA,) and مَقْرُوَّةٌ and مَقْرِيَّةٌ, (K, TA,) which are extr., except in the dial. of those who say قَرَيْتُ [ for قَرَأْتُ], (TA,) [A writing read.]

مُتَقَرِئٌ: see قُرَّآءٌ.

قعد

1 قَعَدَ, (S, K, &c.,) aor. ـُ (A, L,) inf. n. قُعُودٌ and مَقْعَدٌ (S, L, K) and قَعْدٌ, (L,) He sat; i. q. جَلَسَ [when the latter is used in its largest sense]; (S, A, L, K;) so accord. to 'Orweh Ibn-Zubeyr, a high authority; contr. of قَامَ: (L:) or it signifies he sat down; or sat after standing: and جلس, he sat after lying on his side or prostrating himself: (Kh, IKh, El-Hareeree, K:) or, as some say, قعد signifies he sat for some length of time. (MF.) See also جَلَسَ. b2: [And hence, He remained.] b3: قَامَ وَقَعَدَ (tropical:) He experienced griefs which disquieted him so that he could not remain at rest, but stood up and sat down. (Mgh, art. قدم.) [See an ex. voce سُدَّةٌ.] هٰذَا شَىْءٌ يَقْعُدُ بِهِ عَلَيْكَ العَدُوُّ وَيَقُومُ (tropical:) [This is a thing for which the enemy will be restless in his attempts against thee]. (A.) ضَرَبَهُ ضَرْبَةَ ابْنَةِ اقْعُدِى وَقُومِى He beat him with a beating of a female slave: (IAar, L, K: *) who is thus called because she sits and stands in the service of her masters, being ordered to do so. (IAar, L.) b4: [قَعَدَ لَهُ, properly, He sat for him, often means He lay in wait for him, in the road, or way: see an ex. in a verse cited voce سَدٌّ.] b5: قَعَدَتِ الرَّخَمَةُ (tropical:) The aquiline vulture lay upon its breast on the ground; syn. جَثَمَت. (S, A, K.) See also جَلَسَ. b6: [Hence, from the notion of sitting down over against any one,] قَعَدَ بِقِرْنِهِ (assumed tropical:) He was able to contend with his adversary. (L, K.) b7: بَنُو فُلَانٍ

لِبَنِى فُلَانٍ يَقْعُدُونَ (assumed tropical:) The sons of such a one are able to contend with the sons of such a one, and come to them with their numbers. (L.) b8: قَعَدُوا عَنَّا (assumed tropical:) They were able to contend for us, with their warriors, and to suffice us in war. (L.) b9: قَعَدَ لِلْحَرْبِ (tropical:) He prepared for war those who should contend therein. (L, K.) b10: قَعَدَ لِلْأَمْرِ He performed the affair; syn. إِهْتَمَّ بِهِ. (Msb.) b11: قَعَدَ يَشْتِمُنِى (tropical:) He set about, fell to, or commenced, reviling me. (Fr, A, L.) b12: [And from the notion of sitting down in refusal or unwillingness,] قَعَدَ عَنِ الأَمْرِ (tropical:) He abstained from, omitted, neglected, left, relinquished, or forsook, the thing or affair; (A, Mgh;) he hung back, or held back, from it. (IKtt.) قَعَدَ عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ (tropical:) He hung, back, or held back, from accomplishing his want. (Msb.) قَعَدَ عَنِ القَوْمِ (assumed tropical:) He remained behind, or after, the people, or party, not going with them. (Msb, art. خلف.) And قَعَدْتُ بَعْدَهُ [(assumed tropical:) I remained behind, or after, him;] as also قعدت خِلَافَهُ: (Msb, ibid.:) and قَعَدَ خِلَافَ أَصْحَابِهِ, He remained behind, or after, his companions; he did not go forth with them (TA, in art. خلف) b13: [قَعَدَ مَعَهُ and قَعَدَ إِلَيْهِ are like جَلَسَ مَعَهُ and جَلَسَ إِلَيْهِ, q. v.] b14: قَعَدَ بِهِ, see 4 in three places, and 5. b15: قَعَدَتْ, inf. n. قُعُودٌ; (K;) or قَعَدَتْ عَنِ الوَلَدِ, (Mgh, K,) and الحَيْضِ, (A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and الزَّوْجِ; (A, Msb, K;) (tropical:) She (a woman) ceased from bearing children, (A, Mgh, K,) and from having the menstrual discharge, and from having a husband. (A, K.) [And hence,] (tropical:) She (a woman) had no husband: (K, * TA:) said of her who is, and of her who is not, a virgin. (TA.) b16: قَعَدَتِ النَّخْلَةُ (tropical:) The palm-tree bore fruit one year and not another. (L, K.) b17: قَعَدَ مَقَاعِدَ رِقَاقًا (assumed tropical:) [He had thin evacuations of the bowels: see سَدَّ] (TA, in art. سك.) b18: قَعَدٌ Laxness (S, K) and depression (S) in the shank (وَظِيف) of a camel. (S, K.) [App. an inf. n., of which the verb is قَعِدَ. But see 1 in art. صدف.]

A2: قَعَدَ It [or he] became; syn. صَارَ. Ex. حَدَّدَ شَفْرَتَهُ حَتَّى قَعَدَتْ كَأَنَّهَا حَرْبَةٌ He sharpened his large knife so that it became as though it were a javelin. And ثَوْبَكَ لَا تَقْعُدُ تَطِيرُ بِهِ الرِّيحُ [in the CK, ثَوْبُكَ and يَقْعُدُ] Take care of thy garment, that the wind do not become flying away with it. (IAar, L, K. *) ثوبك is here in the acc. case because the verb اِحْفَظْ is understood before it. (L.) b2: قَعَدَتِ آلفَسِيلَةُ (tropical:) The young palm-tree came to have a trunk. (S, A, K.) A3: قَعَدَ He (a man, Az) stood. Thus it bears two contr. significations. (Az, L, K.) 2 قَعَّدْتُكَ اللّٰهَ I beg God to perserve, keep, guard, or watch, thee. See قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ. (Aboo-'Alee, IB, L.) See also 4 in two places, and 5.3 قاعدهُ He sat with him. (L.) [See also an ex. in art. سفه, conj. 3.]4 اقعدهُ, (S, L, K,) and بِهِ ↓ قَعَدَ, (L, K,) He caused him to sit, or sit down; he seated him. (S, L.) b2: أُقْعِدَ (tropical:) He was affected by a disease in his body which deprived him of the power to walk: (Msb:) he was unable to rise: (L:) [as though constrained to remain sitting: see مُقْعَدٌ, and قُعَادٌ.] b3: أَقْعَدَهُ الهَرَمُ (tropical:) [Decrepitude crippled him, or deprived him of the power of motion]. (A.) b4: أُقْعِدَ He (a man) was, or became, lame. (S, L.) b5: إِقْعَادٌ in the hind leg of a horse is Its being much expanded (ان تُفْرَشَ جِدًّا), so that it is not erect. (S, L.) b6: أُقْعِدَ He (a camel) had the disease called قُعَاد. (IKtt, L.) b7: أَقَامَهُ وَأَقْعَدَهُ, and ↓ قَامَ بِهِ وَقَعَدَ, (tropical:) He, or it, caused him to experience griefs which disquieted him so that he could not remain at rest, making him to stand up and sit down. (See 1, and مُقْعِدٌ. And see an ex. in a verse cited in art. فنى, conj. 3.] b8: اقعد البِئْرَ He dug the well to the depth of a man sitting: or he left it upon the surface of the ground, and did not dig it so as to reach water. (L, K.) See also مُقْعَدَةٌ. b9: اقعد (Ibn-Buzurj, L) and ↓ إِقْعَنْدَدَ (K) He remained, stayed, abode, or dwelt, in a place. (Ibn-Buzurj, L, K.) A2: اقعدهُ and ↓ قعّدهُ (inf. n. of the latter تَقْعِيدٌ) He sufficed him (namely his father [but in the CK, instead of أَبَاهُ, we read إِيَّاهُ,]) for gaining, or earning; (K, TA;) and aided, or assisted, him. (TA.) b2: اقعدهُ and ↓ قعّدهُ (inf. n. of the latter تَقْعِيدٌ, K) He served him. (IAar, L, K.) [Ex.]

مَا لِفُلَانٍ امْرَأَةٌ تُقْعِدُهُ, and تُقَعِّدُهُ, [Such a one has no wife to serve him]. (A.) A3: اقعدهُ آبَاؤُهُ, and ↓ تقعّدهُ, (tropical:) His ancestors withheld him from eminence, or nobility; (L;) [as also بِهِ ↓ قَعَدَ, and ↓ اقتعدهُ. You say also,] بِهِ عَنْ نَيْلِ ↓ مَا قَعَدَ المَسَاعِى إِلَّا لُؤْمُ عُنْصُرِهِ, and ↓ ما تقعّدهُ, and ما ↓ اقتعدهُ, (tropical:) [Nothing withheld him from attaining to the means of honour and elevation but the baseness of his origin]. (A.) See also 5. b2: وِرْثُهُ بِالإِقْعَادِ (assumed tropical:) [His inheritance is by reason of nearness of relationship]. You do not say بِالقُعُودِ (L.) b3: إِقْعَادٌ (tropical:) The having few ancestors. (IAar, L.) 5 تقعّدهُ (tropical:) He, or it, withheld, restrained, debarred, or prevented, him from attaining the thing that he wanted. (S, L, K.) Ex. مَا تَقَعَّدَنِى

عَنْكَ إِلَّا شُغْلٌ Nothing but business withheld me from thee. (ISk, S.) See also 4. You say also بِى عَنْكَ شُغْلٌ ↓ قَعَدَ Business withheld me from thee. (TA.) [And so,] ↓ مَا قَعَّدَكَ, and ↓ مَا اقْتَعَدَكَ, what hath withheld, restrained, debarred, or prevented, thee? (L.) b2: تقعّد عَنِ الأَمْرِ, (S, A, L, K,) and ↓ تقاعد, (A,) (tropical:) He did not seek, seek for or after, or desire, the thing. (S, A, L, K.) See also 1. b3: تقعّد signifies He held back, or refrained. (KL.) b4: And also He held back, or restrained. (KL.) b5: تقعّدهُ He performed his affair. (IAar, Th, L, K.) 6 تقاعد بِهِ فُلَانٌ (assumed tropical:) Such a one did not pay him his due. (S, L.) A2: See also 5.8 اقتعد He rode a camel: (L, Msb:) he took, or used, a camel as a قُعْدَة q. v. (L, K.) b2: اقتعد قَعِيدَةً [He took a seat of the kind called قعيدة to sit upon]. (L.) R. Q. 3 إِقْعَنْدَدَ: see 4.

قَعْدَكَ آللّٰهَ and قِعْدَكَ, see قَعِيدَكَ آللّٰهَ throughout.

قَعَدٌ Human dung. (L, K.) A2: See also قَاعِدٌ in two places.

قَعْدَةٌ A single sitting. (S, L, Msb.) Ex. قَعَدَ قَعْدَةً وَاحِدَةً He sat a single sitting. (L.) b2: قَعْدَةُ رَجُلٍ, see قِعْدَةٌ in three places.

A2: And see قَاعِدٌ.

A3: ذُو القَعْدَةِ, and ذُو القِعْدَةِ, A certain month; (S, L, K;) [the eleventh month of the Arabian year;] next after شَوَّال: (L:) so called because the Arabs [when their year was solar] used to abstain (يَقْعُدُونَ) therein from journeys (L, K, * TA) and warring and plundering expeditions and laying in stores of corn and seeking pasturage, before performing the pilgrimage in the next month; (L, TA;) or because in that month they broke in the young camels (القِعْدَان) for riding: (Msb, voce جُمَادَى:) pl. ذَوَاتُ القَعْدَةِ (S, L, Msb, K) and ذَوَاتُ القَعَدَاتِ; (Yoo, Msb;) but the former is the regular pl., (Yoo,) because the two words are considered as one, (Msb,) and it is the more common: (TA:) dual ذَوَاتَا القَعْدَةِ and ذَوَاتَا القَعْدَتَيْنِ. (Msb.) قُعْدَةٌ, (K,) or ↓ قُعَدَةٌ, (L,) An ass: (L, K:) pl. قُعْدَاتٌ, (K,) with the ع quiescent, (TA,) [in the CK, قُعْدَانٌ,] or قُعَدَاتٌ. (L.) A2: [The former,] A horse's, and a camel's saddle: (L, K:) pl. قُعُدَاتٌ, (IDrd, L,) with which is syn. قُعَيْدَاتٌ [the dim.]. (S, L.) b2: See قَعُودٌ.

قِعْدَةٌ A mode, or manner, of sitting. (S, L, Msb, K.) Ex. هُوَ حَسَنُ القِعْدَةِ He has a good manner of sitting: (A, L:) and قَعَدَ قِعْدَةَ الدُّبِّ He sat in the manner of sitting of the bear. (A, * TA.) b2: قِعْدَةُ رَجُلٍ, and رَجُلٍ ↓ قَعْدَةُ, (L, K, *) The space occupied by a man sitting: (L, K:) and the height, or depth, of a man sitting. (L.) Ex. شَجَرَةٌ قِعْدَةُ رَجُلٍ A tree of the height of a man sitting: (AHn, in L and TA, passim:) and بِئْرٌ قِعْدَةٌ A well of the depth of a man sitting: (As:) and عُمْقُ بِئْرِنَا قِعْدَةٌ, and ↓ قَعْدَةٌ, The depth of our well is that of a man sitting: (L:) and مَا حَفَرْتُ فِى الأَرْضِ إِلَّا قِعْدَةً, and ↓ قَعْدَةً, I dug not in the ground save to the depth of a man sitting: (Lh, L:) and مَرَرْتُ بِمَآءٍ قِعْدَةِ رَجُلٍ I passed by water of the depth of a man sitting. (Sb, L.) A2: قِعْدَةٌ One's last child, male or female; and one's last children. (K.) قَعَدَةٌ A vehicle, or beast of carriage, (مَرْكَبٌ,) for women: so in the copies of the K in our hands; (S, M;) but accord. to the L, &c., of a man: and it is ↓ قَعِيدَةٌ that bears the former signification. (TA.) b2: The [kind of carpet called] طَنْفَسَة [q. v.] (L, K) upon which a man sits; and the like. (L.) قُعَدَةٌ see قُعْدَةٌ and قُعْدِىٌّ.

قُعْدَدٌ: see the next paragraph.

قُعْدُدٌ (tropical:) Nearness of relationship. (L.) b2: ذُو قُعْدُدٍ A man nearly related to [the father of] the tribe. (Lh.) [And] قُعْدُدٌ and ↓ قُعْدَدٌ (S, K) and ↓ قُعْدُودٌ and ↓ أَقْعَدُ and النَّسَبِ ↓ قَعِيدُ, (L, K,) (tropical:) A man near in lineage to the chief, or oldest, ancestor [of his family or tribe]; (S, L, K;) contr. of طَرِفٌ and طَرِيفٌ: (S, M, K in art. طرف:) and the first, The next of kin to the chief, or oldest, ancestor [of his family]; (Msb;) and contr., remote in lineage therefrom: (L, K:) [in the former sense, an epithet of praise:] in the latter sense, an epithet of dispraise: or, as some say, of praise: (TA:) or, in the first sense, it is an epithet of praise in one point of view, because dominion, or power, or authority, belong to the elder; and of dispraise in another point of view, because the person so termed is of the sons of the very old, and weakness is attributed to him. (S.) b3: المِيرَاثُ القُعْدُدُ (tropical:) The inheritance of him who is nearest of kin to the deceased. (L.) b4: قُعْدُدٌ (assumed tropical:) A cowardly and ignoble man, who holds back, or abstains, from war and from generous actions; (L, K; *) as also ↓ قُعْدَدٌ. (L.) b5: (assumed tropical:) A man withheld from eminence, or nobility, by his lineage; as also ↓ مُقْعَدٌ. (Az, L.) b6: (assumed tropical:) An obscure man; (L, K;) ignoble; of low rank; as also ↓ قُعْدَدٌ. (Az, L.) قُعْدَى [A nearer degree in lineage to the chief, or oldest, ancestor, than طُرْفَى, q. v.]

قُعْدِىٌّ and قِعْدِىٌّ, and both with ة, and ضُجْعِىٌّ and ضِجْعِىٌّ, (K,) and ضُجَعَةٌ ↓ قُعَدَةٌ, (S, K,) A man (S) who sits much and lies much upon his side: (S, K:) or the last, an impotent man, who does not earn that whereby he may subsist; (A;) [and the first two] (assumed tropical:) A man impotent; or lacking power, or ability; (L, K;) as though preferring sitting: (L:) or loving to sit in his house. (A.) قَعَدِىٌّ (tropical:) A man belonging to the sect called القَعَدُ, (L,) or القَعَدَةُ; (A [see قَاعِدٌ];) who holds the opinions of that sect. (L, K.) b2: Also applied by a post-classical poet to (tropical:) A man who refuses to drink wine while he approves of others' drinking it. (L.) قُعَادٌ Lameness in a man. You say مَتَى أَصَابَكَ هٰذَا القُعَادُ When did this lameness befall thee? (S, L;) [and] بِهِ قُعَادٌ, (L, K,) and ↓ إِقعاد, (K,) and ↓ أَقْعَادٌ, (CK,) (tropical:) He has a disease which constrains him to remain sitting. (L, K.) See أُقْعِدَ, and مُقْعَدٌ. b2: قُعَادٌ also signifies, (S, L, K,) and so ↓ إِقْعَادٌ, (S, L,) or ↓ أَقْعَادٌ, with fet-h, (accord. to the K,) A certain disease which affects camels in their haunches, and makes them to incline (or as though their rumps inclined, IAar) towards the ground: (S, K:) or a laxness of the haunches. (IKtt.) قِعَادٌ: see قَعِيدٌ.

قَعُودٌ A young weaned camel: (L, K:) and a young she-camel; i. q. قَلُوصٌ: (K:) or this latter epithet is applied to a female and the former to a male young camel: (ISh, L, Msb:) so called because he is ridden: (Msb:) and a young male camel, until he enters his-sixth year: (K:) or a young male camel when it may be ridden, which is at the earliest when he is two years old, after which he is thus called until he enters his sixth year, when he is called جَمَلٌ: the young she-camel is not called thus, but is termed قَلُوصٌ: (S, L:) Ks heard the term قَعُودَةٌ applied to the female; but this is rare. (Az, L.) b2: A camel which the pastor rides, or uses, in every case of need; (A'Obeyd, S, L, K;) called in Persian رَخْتْ; (A'Obeyd, S, L;) as also ↓ قَعُودَةٌ, (K,) accord. to Lth, the only authority for it known to Az; but Kh says that this signifies a camel which the pastor uses for carrying his utensils &c., and that the ة is added to give intensiveness to the epithet; (TA;) or the former is masc. and the latter fem.; (Ks, L;) and ↓ قُعْدَةٌ: (S, K:) you say نِعْمَ القُعْدَةُ هٰذَا, i. e. المُقْتَعَدُ, [an excellent camel for the pastor's ordinary riding, or use, is this]: (S, L:) or each of these words signifies a camel which the pastor uses for riding and for carrying his provisions and utensils &c.: and قُعْدَةٌ, a camel which a man rides whenever and wherever he will: (L:) the pl. of قَعُودٌ is أَقْعِدَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.] and قُعُدٌ and قِعْدَانٌ and قَعَائِدُ; (L, K;) and pl. pl. [i. e. pl. of قِعْدَانٌ] قَعَادِينُ. (TA.) The dim of قَعُودٌ is قُعَيِّدٌ. It is said in a proverb, إِتَّخَذُوهُ قُعَيِّدَ الحَاجَاتِ They made him an ordinary servant for the performance of needful affairs. (S, L.) قَعِيدٌ A companion in sitting: (S, AHeyth, L, K:) of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مُفَاعِلٌ. (L.) b2: A preserver; a keeper; a guardian; a watcher. (L, K.) [In some copies of the K, by the omission of وَ, this meaning is assigned to مُقَاعِدٌ.] It is used alike as sing. and pl. and masc. and fem. (L, K) and dual also. (L.) It is said in the Kur, [l. 16,] عَنِ اليَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِمَالِ قَعِيدٌ [On the right and on the left a sitter, or guardian, or watcher]: respecting which it is observed, that فَعِيلٌ and فَعُولٌ are of the measures used alike as sing. and dual and pl.; as in إِنَّا رَسُولُ رَبِّكَ, [Kur xi. 83, accord. to one reading,] and وَالمَلَائِكَةُ بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ ظَهِيرٌ, [Kur lxvi. 4:] (S, L:) or, as the grammarians say, قَعِيدٌ is understood after اليمين. (L.) b3: [Hence,] A father; (A'Obeyd, K;) and ↓ قَعِيدَةٌ A man's wife; (S, L, K; *) as also ↓ قِعَادٌ: (S, L:) and قَعِيدَةُ بَيْتِ رَجُلٍ a man's wife: pl. قَعَائِدُ. (L.) b4: قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ, and اللّٰهَ ↓ قَعْدَكَ, and اللّٰهَ ↓ قِعْدَكَ, (K,) but the last was unknown to AHeyth, (L,) [By thy Watcher, or Keeper, God: قعيد and ↓ قعد being epithets, put in the acc. case because of the prep. بِ understood: or] I conjure thee by God; syn. نَشَدْتُكَ اللّٰهَ: some say, the meaning is, as though God were sitting with thee, watching over thee, or keeping thee: [in some copies of the K, for بِحِفْظِهِ عَلَيْكَ, the reading in the TA, we find يَحْفَظُهُ عَلَيْكَ:] or by thy Companion, who is the Companion of every secret, [namely God] !

قَعِيدَكَ لَا آتِيكَ, and لا اتيك ↓ قِعْدَكَ; and قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ لا اتيك, and اللّٰهَ لا اتيك ↓ قِعْدَكَ; are forms of swearing used by the Arabs, in which قعيد and ↓ قعد are inf. us. put in the acc. case because of a verb understood; [or rather, as it appears to me, and as I have said above, they are epithets, put in the acc. case because of the prep. بِ understood;] and the meaning is, By thy Companion, who is the Companion of every secret, [I will not come to thee; and by thy Companion, &c., or by thy Watcher, or Keeper, God, I will not come to thee;] like as one says نَشَدْتُكَ اللّٰهَ: (S, L:) some say, that قعيد and ↓ قعد signify here a watcher, or an observer, and a preserver, a keeper, or a guardian, that God is meant by them, and that they are in the acc. case because أُقْسِمُ followed by the prep. بِ is understood; [the meaning being I swear by thy Watcher, or Keeper, &c., God, &c.; and this opinion is the more agreeable with the explanation given above, “By thy Companion &c. ”:] others say, that they are inf. ns., and that the meaning is, I swear by thy regard, or fear, of God, بِمُرَاقَبَتِكَ اللّٰهَ: El-Mázinee and others, however, assert that قعيد has no verb. (MF.) b5: Ks says that اللّٰهُ ↓ قِعْدَكَ [اللّٰه being in the nom. case] signifies God be with thee! (L.) [or God be thy Companion, or Watcher, or Keeper!]; and so does قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهُ. (AHeyth, L.) [Or] قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ, (IB, L, K,) and قِعْدَكَ اللّٰهَ, (K,) and قَعْدَكَ اللّٰهَ, (IB, L, TA,) [are] expressions of conciliation, not oaths, as they have not the complement of an oath: the former word in each is an inf. n. occupying the place of a verb, and therefore is put in the acc. case, as in عَمْرَكَ اللّٰهَ, which means عَمَّرْتُكَ اللّٰهَ, i. e., I beg God to prolong thy life: in like manner, قَعَّدْتُكَ اللّٰهَ [in the K, قِعْدَكَ,] signifies, [and so the three first phrases above, of which it is the original form,] I beg God to preserve, keep, guard, or watch, thee; from the saying in the Kur, [l. 16,] عَنِ اليَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ قَعِيدٌ, i. e. حَفِيظٌ. (Aboo-'Alee, IB, L, K. *) قَعِيدَ كُمَا اللّٰهَ is used in interrogative phrases and in phrases conveying an oath, [and so is قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ]. You say, interrogatively, قَعِبدَكُمَا اللّٰهَ أَلَمْ يَكُنْ كَذَا وَكَذَا [I beg God to preserve, keep, guard, or watch, thee. Was it not so and so?]: and in the other case, قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ لَأُكْرِمَنَّكَ [By thy Watcher, or Keeper, God, I will assuredly pay thee honour!] (Th, L.) b6: [and from the signification of ' father ' is derived] the phrase قَعِيدَكَ لَتَفْعَلَنَّ, By thy father, thou shalt assuredly do such a thing. (K, TA.) A2: What comes to thee from behind thee, (S, L, K,) of gazelles or birds (L, K) or wild animals: contr. of نَطيحٌ: (S, L:) of evil omen. (L.) A3: The locust of which the wings are not yet perfectly formed. (S, K.) قَعِيدَةٌ A thing like the [kind of receptacle called] عَيْبَة, (L, K,) woven by women, (L,) upon which one sits: (L, K:) pl. قَعَائِدُ. (L.) b2: See قَعَدَةٌ

A2: A [sack of the kind called] غِرَارَة: (S, K:) or the like thereof, in which are put قَدِيد [or pieces of flesh-meat, q. v.] and كَعْك: (L, K:) pl. قَعَائِدُ. (S, L.) A3: A sand that is not of an oblong form: (S, L, K:) or a long tract of sand like a rope, cleaving to the ground: (L, K:) or a heap of sand collected together. (L.) A4: See also قَعِيدٌ.

قَعَّادَةٌ A [seat, or couch, of the kind called]

سَرِير: of the dial. of El-Yemen. (TA.) قَاعِدٌ [act. part. n. of قَعَدَ] Sitting; sitting down; pl. قُعُودٌ (Msb) and قُعَّادٌ and قَاعِدُونَ: (TA:) fem. قَاعِدَةٌ; pl. قَوَاعِدُ and قَاعِدَاتٌ. (Msb.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A sack full of grain; (IAar, K;) as though by reason of its fulness it were sitting. (IAar.) b3: [And from قَعَدَ in the third meaning,] قَاعِدٌ عَنِ الغَزْوِ (tropical:) A man holding back, or abstaining, from warring and plundering: pl. قُعَّادٌ and قَاعِدُونَ; and quasi-pl. n. قَعَدٌ: (L:) which last is also explained as signifying those who have no دِيوَان [or register in which they are enrolled as soldiers and stipendiaries], (S, A, L, K,) and (as some say, L) who do not go forth to fight. (L, K.) b4: [And hence, the pl.] قَعَدٌ, [which is, properly speaking, a quasi-pl. n.,] like حَارِسٌ and حَرَسٌ, (S,) and خَادِمٌ and خَدَمٌ: (TA:) [The Abstainers, or Separatists:] the قَعَد (so in the S, L, K: in the A, and some copies of the K, ↓ قَعَدَة:) are (tropical:) The [schismatics called] خَوَارِج: (K:) or certain of the خوارج; (S;) a people of the خوارج who held back (قَعَدُوا) from aiding 'Alee, and from fighting against him; (A;) certain of the حَرُورِيَّة; (L;) the [schismatics called] شُرَاة, who hold the doctrine that government belongs only to God, but do not war; (IAar, L;) who hold the doctrine that government belongs only to God, but do not go forth to war against a people. (L.) b5: [And the sing.,] قَاعِدٌ (tropical:) A woman who has ceased to bear children, (S, K,) and to have the menstrual discharge, (ISk, S, K,) and to have a husband: (Zj, K:) or an old woman, advanced in years: (IAth:) pl. قَوَاعِدُ: (ISk, S:) when you mean “ sitting,” you say قَاعِدَةٌ. (ISk, IAth.) b6: نَخْلَةٌ قَاعِدَةٌ (tropical:) A palm-tree bearing fruit one year and not another: (A, TA:) or, that has not borne fruit in its year. (IKtt.) b7: Also, قَاعِدٌ, A palm-tree: or a young palm-tree: pl. [or rather quasi-pl. n.] قَعَدٌ, like as خَدَمٌ is of خَادِمٌ. (L.) b8: قَاعِدٌ (tropical:) A young palm-tree having a trunk: (A, K:) or, [of] which [the branches] may be reached by the hand. (S, K.) Ex. فِى

أَرْضِهِمْ كَذَا مِنَ القَاعِدِ In their land are so many young palm-trees having trunks. (A.) Thus it is used us a gen. n. (TA.) A2: رَحًى قَاعِدَةٌ A mill which one turns by the handle with the hand. (L.) A3: حَلَبْتَ قَاعِدًا: see art. حلب.

قَاعِدَةٌ A foundation, or basis, of a house: (Msb:) pl. قَوَاعِدُ: (S, Msb:) which signifies, accord. to Zj, the columns, or poles, (أَسَاطِين) of a structure, which support it. (L.) [Hence,] قَاعِدَتَا البَابِ [The two side-posts of the door]. (K, in art. سوم.) b2: بَنَى أَمْرَهُ عَلَى قَاعِدَةٍ, and على قَوَاعِدَ, (tropical:) [He built his affair upon a firm foundation, and, upon firm foundations]. and قَاعِدَةُ أَمْرِكَ وَاهِيَةٌ (tropical:) [The foundation of thine affair is unsound]. (A.) b3: قَوَاعِدُ السَّحَابِ (tropical:) The lower parts of clouds extending across the view in the horizon, likened to the foundations of a building: (A'Obeyd, L:) or clouds extending across the view, and lying low. (IAth, L.) b4: [Hence]

قَوَاعِدُ الهَوْدَجِ The four pieces of wood, (S, K,) placed transversely, [two across the other two, so as to form a square frame,] beneath the هودج (S, K,) which is fixed upon them. (K.) [See 1 in art. فشل.]

A2: As a conventional term, i. q. ضَابِطٌ, i. e. (assumed tropical:) A universal, or general, rule, or canon. (Msb.) [See ضَابِط.]

أَقْعَدُ A camel having a laxness and depression in the shank. See قَعَدٌ. (TA.) But see أَصْدَفَ

A2: فُلَانٌ أَقْعَدُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) Such a one is more nearly related to his chief, or oldest, ancestor than such a one. (IAar, IAth, L.) See also قُعْدُدٌ.

مَقْعَدٌ A place of sitting; a sitting-place; (L, Msb, K;) as also ↓ مَقْعَدَةٌ: (L, K:) pl. of the former مَقَاعِدُ, (Msb,) signifying sittingplaces of people in the markets &c. (S.) هُوَ مِنِّى مَقْعَدَ القَابِلَةِ [He is, with respect to me, as though in the sitting-place of the midwife;] i. e., in nearness; meaning he is sticking close to me, before me: (Sb, S:) denoting nearness of station. (Sb, L.) See also مَعْقِدٌ. b2: [Hence, (tropical:) a place of abode,] تَرَكُوا مَقَاعِدَهُمْ, (tropical:) They left their places of abode. (A.) b3: A time of sitting. (MF.) b4: ↓ المَقْعَدَةُ The anus [as is shown in the S and Msb, voce بَاسُور &c., and so in modern Arabic; and app. also the posteriors, upon which one sits]: syn. السَّافلَةُ. (S, Msb.) مُقْعَدٌ (tropical:) Having a disease which constrains him to remain sitting: (K:) or crippled, or deprived of the power of motion, by a disease in his body; (Mgh, L;) as though the disease constrained him to remain sitting: (Mgh:) or deprived of the power to stand, by protracted disease; as though constrained to remain sitting: (L:) or affected by a disease in his body depriving him of the power to walk: (Msb:) a lame man (S, L:) also, i. q. زَمِنٌ: (Msb:) accord. to the physicians, مُقْعَدٌ and زَمِنٌ are syn.; [see the second explanation above, which is that here indicated;] but some make a distinction, and say that the former signifies having the limbs contracted, and the latter, having a protracted disease; (Mgh;) [which is app. one of the two significations assigned to the former word in the Msb:] accord. to some, it is from قُعَادٌ signifying a disease which affects camels in their haunches: (L:) [and]

مُقْعَدٌ [is applied to] a camel having this disease. (L.) b2: مُقْعَدُ النَّسَبِ, and مقعد الأَسْبَابِ, (assumed tropical:) A man of short lineage. (L.) b3: مُقْعَدُ الحَسَبِ (assumed tropical:) A man without eminence, or nobility. (L.) See also قُعْدُدٌ.

A2: مُقْعَدُ الأَنْفِ (tropical:) A man having wide nostrils: (K:) or having wide and short nostrils. (A, L.) ثَدْىٌ مُقْعَدٌ (tropical:) A breast that is swelling, prominent, or protuberant, (S, A, L, K,) that fills the hand, (A,) and has not yet become folding. (S, L, K.) A3: بِئْرٌ مُقْعَدَةٌ A well that is partly dug, and then left before the water has come into it; (K;) i. q. مُسْهَبَةٌ. (TA.) A4: مُقْعَدَاتٌ (tropical:) Young birds of the kind called قَطًا, before they rise (L, K) to fly. (L.) b2: (tropical:) Frogs. (A, L, K.) أَخَذَهُ المُقِيمُ المُقْعِدُ (tropical:) (A) Griefs took hold upon him, disquieting him so that he could not remain at rest, and making him to stand up and sit down: a phrase similar to أَخَذَهُ مَا قَدُمَ وَمَا حَدُثَ, and مَا قَرُبَ وَمَا بَعُدَ. (Mgh, art. قدم.) A2: مُقْعِدٌ and ↓ مُقَعِّدٌ A servant. (IAar, L.) مَقْعَدَهٌ and المَقْعَدَةُ: see مَقْعَدُ.

مُقْعَدَةُ and مُقْعَدَاتٌ: see مُقْعَدٌ.

مُقَعِّدٌ: see مُقْعِدٌ.

قيد

1 قِيدَ: see 2.2 قيّدهُ, inf. n. تَقْيِيدٌ, He put a قَيْد [or pair of shackles] upon his (a horse's) [fore-] legs; he shackled his [fore-] legs. (Msb.) قَيَّدْتُ الدَّابَّةَ [I shackled the fore-legs of the beast; hobbled him: and, in a general sense, bound him.] (S.) ↓ قِيدَ (inf. n. قَيْدٌ, TA) and قُيِّدَ signify the same, [He had shackles put upon his fore-legs; he had his fore-legs shackled]. (K.) See also 5. b2: قَيِّدْهُ بِالْأَلْتِ (assumed tropical:) [Bind thou him by oath]: said when one has not given thee thy right or due. (TA in art. الت.) b3: أُقَيِّدُ جَمَلِى, (inf. n. تَقْيِيدٌ, K.) [lit., I shackle the fore-legs of my camel; meaning,] (tropical:) I fascinate my husband so as to prevent him from going to other women; as though I shackled his legs. (IAth, L, K, * from a trad.) b4: (tropical:) It (fatigue) kept a she-camel from action. (A.) b5: (tropical:) It (beneficence) shackled, or restrained, a person. (A.) b6: قيّد الإِيمَانُ الفَتْكَ (tropical:) [The giving assurance of safety] inhibits assassinating, or assaulting, the مُؤْمَن [i. e. the person to whom assurance of safety has been given (بالمُؤمِنِ in the CK is a mistranscription for بِالمُؤْمَنِ)]; like as shackles inhibit the mischievous animal from doing mischief. (L, K, * from a trad. [See also 1 in art. فتك; where this trad. is cited in full.]) b7: قيّد, (inf. n. تَقْيِيدٌ K,) (tropical:) He pointed a writing with the syllabical signs, or signs which point out the pronunciation and division of syllables: (S, A, L, K:) he pointed a letter: (L:) he restricted a word or phrase [in its signification or application] by that which prevented equivocation and removed ambiguity. (Msb.) A2: (tropical:) He registered, or recorded, a matter of science [&c.] in a book or the like; i. q. ضَبَطَ. (L.) 5 تقيّد quasi-pass. of قيّد [He had shackles put upon his legs; he had his legs shackled: see also 2]. (A.) قَادٌ: see قِيدٌ, قَيْدٌ [A shackle; or fetter: or, generally, a pair of shackles for the fore-legs of a beast, and generally made of rope, but some are of iron; a pair of hobbles; a pair of fetters]: (S, K, &c.:) pl. [of pauc.] أَقْيَادٌ (L, Msb, K) and [of mult.] قُيُودٌ. (S, L, Msb, K.) b2: إِنّ قُيُودَ الأَيَادْ أَوْثَقُ الأَقْيَادْ (tropical:) [Verily the shackles of benefactions are the firmest of shackles]. (A.) [الأَيَادْ is for الأَيَادِى.] b3: What binds together [the two pieces of wood in a camel's saddle which are called] the عَضُدَانِ of [the two broad pieces of wood called] the مُؤَخَّرَتَانِ, (L, K [in the former of which, however, instead of ما ضمّ العضدين من الموخّرتين, the reading in the K, is put ما ضمّ العضدتين المؤخّرتين, which I suppose to be a mistake]) at their upper part, being a thong. (L.) b4: A plaited thong between [the two pieces of wood called] the حِنْوَانِ of a camel's saddle of the kind called رَحْل, at the upper part; and sometimes, of a horse's saddle. (L.) b5: The thong that binds together [the two pieces of wood called] the عَرْقُوَتَانِ of a camel's saddle of the kind called قَتَب. (S, L, K.) b6: Anything that binds one part of a thing to another part. (L.) b7: The extended thing at the lower extremities of the suspensory cords or strings of a sword, which is held by [the rings called] the بَكَرَات. (L, K.) b8: قَيْدَا البَازِى The jesses of the hawk or falcon; syn. سِبَاقَاهُ (S, O, K, all in art. سبق.) b9: قَيْدُ الأَسْنَانِ The gum wherein the teeth are set: (K:) قُيُودُ الاسنان the gums: (L:) or the portions of the flesh of the gums that rise between the teeth; likened to the red قُيُود which are marks upon camels, made with a hot iron. (ISd, L.) b10: قَيْدُ الفَرَسِ A certain mark made with a hot iron upon the neck of a camel, (S, ISd, L, K,) and upon its face, and thigh, of an oblong shape, (ISd, L,) in the form of a قَيْد [for the legs], (S, L,) or of two rings with a line extending between them. (Nh, L.) b11: قَيْدُ الأَوَابِدِ (tropical:) [lit. Shackles upon the legs of the wild animals which shun, and take fright at, mankind &c.; or, accord. to the L, of the wild asses]: indeterminate in signification, though determinate in its grammatical form: (Sb, L:) an appellation given to a horse, (K,) or to a fleet, or swift, and excellent horse, because, by its swiftness, it overtakes the wild beasts, (T, K,) and prevents their escaping. (T, S.) قيد is here a proper subst. used as an epithet because it imports the attribute of a verb; or it is for تَقْيِد. (IJ, L.) [See also art. ابد and Ham, p. 455.]

b12: (tropical:) A wife: as also غُلٌّ. (TA.) b13: مَا عَلَى هٰذَا الحَرْفِ قيَدْ (tropical:) There is not upon this letter a syllabical sign, or sign which points out the pronunciation, or the division of syllables. (A.) b14: القَيْدُ وَالرَّتْعَةُ, a prov.: see art. رتع.

A2: See also قِيدٌ.

قِيدٌ A whip made of skin. (MF.) A2: قِيدٌ and ↓ قَادٌ (S, L, K) and ↓ قَيْدٌ (K) Measure. (S, L, K.) Ex. بَيْنَهُمَا قِيدُ رُمْحٍ, and قَادُ رمح, Between them two is the measure of a spear. (S.) See also art. قود.

قِيَادٌ A leading-rope (S, K) for a beast of carriage. (S, K.) [But this belongs to art. قود, q. v.]

قَيِّدٌ Tractable; easy to be led. (S, K.) [But this belongs to art. قود, q. v.]

قَيِّدَةٌ: see art. قود.

مَقِيدٌ: see مُقَيَّدٌ.

مُقَيَّدٌ The place of the قَيْد in the leg of a horse; (S, K;) [i. e., the pastern]. Ex. فَرَسٌ عَبْلُ المُقَيَّدِ طَوِيلُ المُقَلَّدِ [A horse large in the place of the shackle, or pastern; long in the place of the collar, or neck]. (A.) b2: The place of the anklet in [the leg of] a woman; (S, K;) [i. e., the ankle]. b3: مُقَيَّدٌ [and ↓ مَقِيدٌ] A camel, or the like, having his legs shackled; having shackles upon his legs: pl. [of the latter] مَقَايِيدُ. (K.) You say هٰؤُلَآءِ

أَجْمَالٌ مَقَايِيدٌ, i. e., مُقَيَّدَاتٌٰ [These are camels having their legs shackled]. (S.) b4: نَاقَةٌ مُقَيَّدَةٌ (tropical:) A jaded she-camel that will not be roused to action. (A.) b5: And مُقَيَّدٌ A place in which a camel is left with his legs shackled. (L, K.) Hence applied to a place abounding with herbage, or pasture. (L.) مُقَيِّدَةُ الحِمَارِ (L) [in the CK, مُقَيَّدَةُ الحِمَارِ, and in most copies of the K, accord. to the TA, الخِمَارِ,] (assumed tropical:) A stony tract, of which the stones are black and worn and crumbling, as though burned with fire; syn. حَرَّةٌ: (L, K: [in a copy of the K, حُرَّةٌ] so called because it impedes the ass, [in the TA, art. حمر, the wild ass,] as though it shackled him. (L.) b2: Hence, (L,) بَنُو مُقَيِّدَةِ الحِمَارِ, (L,) in the K, بَنُو مَقَيَّدَةَ [with fet-h to the ى, and without الحمار] (TA,) [and in the CK, بَنُو مُقَيَّدٍ,] (assumed tropical:) Scorpions: (L, K:) so called because they are in a tract such as is called مقّيدةالحمار. (L.) [See an ex. in some verses cited voce رُمْحٌ.]

تَقْيِيدٌ A note which determines the correct reading or meaning of a word or phrase or the like: and hence, any marginal note: pl. تَقْيِيدَاتٌ.]

قوس

1 قَاسَ الشَّىْءَ بِغَيْرهِ, and عَلَى غَيْرِهِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. قَوْسٌ (S, K *) and قِيَاسٌ, (S,) i. q. قَاسَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. قَيْسٌ (S, K *) and قِيَاسٌ; (S;) i. e., He measured the thing by another thing like it; [both in the proper sense and mentally; but the latter verb is the more common, though the former, accord. to the JK, is the original;] (S, TA;) and so الشَّىْءَ بِغَيْرِهِ ↓ اقتاس: (S, K: *) but you should not say ↓ أَقَسْتُهُ for قُسْتُهُ or قِسْتُهُ. (S.) A2: قَوِسَ: see 5.2 قَوَّسَ see 5, in two places.

A2: قوّسهُ, inf. n. تَقْوِيسٌ, He made it bowed, or bent. (KL.) 4 أَقْوَسَ see 1: A2: and see 5.5 تقوّس It (a thing) became bowed, or bent; as also ↓ استقوس: (TA:) the ↓ latter is also said, tropically, of the moon when near the change [&c.]. (A, TA.) b2: (tropical:) He (an old man, S, A) became bowed, or bent; (A, * K;) as also ↓ قَوَّسَ, inf. n. تَقْوِيسٌ; (S, A, * Msb, K;) and ↓ استقوس; (S;) and ↓ اقوس: (A:) or he became bowed, or bent, in the back; as also ↓ قَوَّسَ; and ↓ استقوس; (TA;) and so ↓ قَوِسَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. قَوَسٌ. (K.) A2: تقوّس قَوْسَهُ He put his bow upon his back. (TA.) 8 إِقْتَوَسَ see 1. b2: يَقْتَاسُ بِأَبِيهِ, (S, K,) inf. n. إِقْتِيَاسٌ, (S,) (assumed tropical:) He follows the way of his father, and imitates him. (S, K.) 10 إِسْتَقْوَسَ see 5, in four places.

قَاسُ رُمْحٍ: see قِيسُ رُمْحٍ.

قَوْسٌ [A bow;] a certain thing, well known, (A, K,) with which one shoots: (M, TA:) of the fem. gender: (IAmb, M, Msb:) or masc. and fem.: (S, Msb:) or sometimes masc.: (A, K:) pl. [of pauc.] أَقْوَاسٌ (IAmb, S, A, Msb, K) and أَقْيَاسٌ, (TA, and so in some copies of the K, in the place of the former,) the ى being interchangeable with the و, (TA,) and [of mult.] قِسِىٌّ, (S, A, Msb, K,) originally قُوُوسٌ, (S, TA,) which is not used, (TA,) of the neasure فُعُولٌ, (S, Msb,) first changed to قُسُوٌّ, of he measure فُلُوعٌ, and then to قِسِىٌّ, of the measure فِلِيعٌ, like عِصِىٌّ, (S,) and قُسِىٌّ, (Fr, Sgh, K,) from the same original, (TA,) [like عُصِىٌّ,] and قِيَاسٌ, (IAmb, S, A, Msb, K,) which is more agreeable with analogy than قسىّ. (TA.) The dim. is قُوَيْسٌ, (IAmb, M, Msb, K,) without ة, contr. to rule, as the word is fem., (M, TA,) and قُوَيْسَةٌ, (IAmb, Msb, K,) sometimes: (IAmb, Msb:) or the former accord. to those who make قوس to be masc., (S,) and the latter accord. to those who make it to be fem. (S, Msb.) It is prefixed to another word to give it a special signification. Thus you say, قَوْسُ نَبْلٍ An Arabian bow. And قَوْسُ نُشَّابٍ A Persian bow. And قَوْسُ حُسْبَانٍ [A bow for shooting a certain kind of short arrows]. and قَوْسُ جُلَاهِقٍ [A cross-bow]. And قَوْسُ نَدْفٍ [A bow for loosening and separating cotton]. (Msb.) b2: [Hence the saying,] فُلَانٌ لَا يَمُدُّ قَوْسَهُ أَحَدٌ [Such a one, no one will pull his bow;] i. e., (tropical:) no one will vie with him, or compete with him. (A, TA.) And رَمَوْنَا عَنْ قَوْسٍ وَاحِدٍ, (A, TA,) or وَاحِدَةٍ, (Mgh,) [lit., They shot at us from one bow: meaning, (tropical:) they were unanimous against us;] a proverb denoting agreement. (Mgh.) [In the Msb, رَمَوْهُمْ and وَاحِدَةٍ.] And هُوَ مِنْ خَيْرِ قُوَيْسٍ سَهْمًا; (S, L, K; except that in the L and K, for قويس, we find قَوْسٍ;) (tropical:) [He is of the best of a little bow, as an arrow; i. e., he is one of the best arrows of a little bow;] or صَارَ خَيْرَ قُوَيْسٍ سَهْمًا (A, K) (tropical:) [He became the best of a little bow, as an arrow; i. e., he became the best arrow of a little bow:] a proverb [See Arab. Prov. i. 718] applied to him who has become mighty after being of mean condition: (A:) or to him who opposeth thee and then returns to doing what thou likest. (A, K.) [Hence also the phrase in the Kur, liii. 9,] فَكَانَ قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ And he was at the distance of two Arabian bows: or two cubits [this is app. an explanation by one who holds قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ to be for قَابَىَ قَوْسٍ:] (K:) or the meaning is, قَابَىْ قَوْسٍ, i. e., [at the distance of the measure of] the two portions between the part of a bow that is grasped by the hand and each of the curved extremities. (TA.) See also art. قوب. b3: القَوْسُ (assumed tropical:) [The Sign of Sagittarius; also called الرَّامِى;] one of the signs of the zodiac; (S, K;) namely, the ninth thereof. (TA.) b4: قَوْسُ قُزَحَ The rainbow: the two words are inseparable. (TA.) See قزح. b5: قَوْسُ الرَّجُلِ (assumed tropical:) The bowed, or bent, part of the back of a man. (IAar.) b6: أَقْوَاسُ البَعِيِر (tropical:) The anterior ribs of the camel. (A.) b7: Also قَوْسٌ (tropical:) What remains, of dates, (S, A, * K,) in the [receptacle called] جُلَّة, (S,) or in the bottom thereof, (K,) or in the sides thereof, like a bow: (A:) or, accord. to Zeyd Ibn-Kuthweh, the fourth part of the جُلَّة, of dates; like رِزْمَةٌ: (TA in art. رزم:) in this sense, also, it is fem.: or a number of dates collected together: pl. as above. (TA in the present art.) A2: Also, A cubit: (S, K:) sometimes used in this sense: (S:) because a thing is measured (يُقَاسُ) with it. (K.) قِيسُ رُمْحٍ and قَاسُ رُمْحٍ The measure of a spear. (Msb, in this art.; and S, K, in art. قيس.) قَوَّاسٌ A hewer, or fashioner, of bows; and so, perhaps, قَيَّاسٌ. (TA.) قُسَوِىٌّ is the rel. n. from قِسِىٌّ, [pl. of قَوْسٌ,] because it is [before its last change] of the measure فُلُوعٌ changed from the measure فُعُولٌ. (S.) أَقْوَسُ Having a bowed, or bent, back. (S, K.) b2: Sand that is elevated (K, TA) like a hoop or ring. (TA.) مِقْوَسٌ A bow-case. (S, K.) A2: A horse-course; a race-ground: (Ibn-'Abbád, K:) a place whence horses run (K) for a race; (TA;) i. e., (so in the K accord. to the TA,) a rope at which the horses are placed in a row (S, A, K) on the occasion of racing, (S, K,) in the place whence they run: (A:) or the extended rope from which the horses are started: (JK:) also called مقيص: the pl. is مَقَاوِسُ. (TA.) Hence the saying, عُرِضَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى المِقْوَسِ [Such a one has been put to the starting-rope]; meaning, (tropical:) such a one has been tried, or proved, by use, practice, or experience. (A, TA.) And فُلَانٌ عَلَى مِقْوَسٍ, i. e., عَلَى حِفَاظٍ

[app. meaning, (assumed tropical:) Such a one is intent upon defending his honour or the like]. (Lth, L.) مُقَوَّسٌ and مُقَوِّسٌ: see مُتَقَوِّسٌ.

مُتَقَوِّسٌ (assumed tropical:) An eyebrow [or other thing] likened to a bow; as also ↓ مُسْتَقْوِسٌ (K) and ↓ مُقَوَّسٌ: (TA:) ↓ the second of these epithets is also applied, in the same sense, or like a bow, to a gutter round a tent, and the like. (TA.) b2: Also, A man bowed, or bent; and so ↓ مُقَوِّسٌ. (TA.) A2: Also, (K,) or مُتَقَوِّسٌ قَوْسَهُ, (S,) A man having with him his bow. (S, K. *) مُسْتَقْوِسٌ: see مُتَقَوِّسُ, in two places.