ركز

1 رَكَزَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K) and رَكِزَ, (K,) inf. n. رَكْزٌ, (S, A, Msb,) He stuck, or fixed, a spear, (S, A, Msb, K,) and a stick, (A,) or some other thing, (TA,) into the ground, (S, A, Msb, K,) upright; (TA;) as also ↓ ركّز, (K,) inf. n. تَرْكِيزٌ. (TA.) You say also, رَكَزَ الحَرُّ السَّفَى, aor. ـُ inf. n. رَكْزٌ, The heat made the thornbushes fast in the ground [by hardening the soil]. (TA.) And رَكَزَ اللّٰهُ المعَادِنَ فِى الجِبَالِ God fixed the metals, or minerals, in the mountains: (A, TA:) or caused them to exist therein. (K, * TA.) And رَكَزَ المَالَ, inf. n. as above, He buried the property. (TA.) 2 رَكَّزَ see the preceding paragraph.4 اركز He (a man) found what is termed رِكَاز: (S, A, * K:) or his mine yielded him abundance of silver &c.: (TA:) or he found a [quantity of gold or silver equal to a sum of money such as is termed] بَدْرَة, collected together, in the mine. (Es-Sháfi'ee, TA.) b2: It (a mine) had in it what is termed رِكَاز: (K:) or what is so termed was found in it. (IAar, TA.) 8 ارتكز It (a spear) became stuck, or fixed, in the ground. (Msb.) b2: (tropical:) He became fixed (K, * TA) in his place of abode. (TA.) You say, دَخَلَ فُلَانٌ فَارْتَكَزَ فِى مَحَلِّهِ لَا يَبْرَحُ (tropical:) [Such a one entered, and remained fixed in his place of abode, not quitting it]. (A, TA.) b3: ارتكز عَلَى القَوْسِ (tropical:) He put the extremity of the bow upon the ground and leaned upon it. (S, A, * TA.) and ارتكز على رُمْحِهِ (assumed tropical:) He bore (تَحَامَلَ) upon the head of his spear, leaning upon it, in order that he might die. (Mgh, from a trad.) رِكْزٌ A sound: (Fr, TA:) or a low sound; (S, A, K;) i. q. حِسٌّ: (K:) or a sound that is not vehement: or the sound, or voice, of a man, which one hears from afar; such as that of the hunter talking to his dogs. (TA.) So in the Kur [xix. last verse], أَوْتَسْمَعُ لَهُمْ رِكْزًا [Or dost thou hear a sound of them? &c.]. (S, TA.) [See فَهَرَ.]

b2: [Golius assigns to it also the signification of Beauty (pulchritudo); app. from his having found, in a copy of the K, وَالحُسْنُ in the place of والحِسُّ.]

A2: Also An intelligent, forbearing, liberal or munificent, man: (AA:) or a learned, intelligent, liberal or munificent, generous, man. (K.) رِكْزَةٌ: see رَِكَازٌ. b2: (tropical:) Firmness of understanding; (Fr, K;) strength thereof. (A, TA.) Fr says, I heard one of the Benoo-Asad say, كَلَّمْتُ فُلَانًا فَمَا رَأَيْتُ لَهُ رِكْزَةً(tropical:) I spoke to such a one, and I found him not to have firmness of understanding. (TA.) رِكَازٌ Metal, or other mineral; (A, Mgh, TA;) what God has caused to exist (رَكَزَهُ, i. e. أَحْدَثَهُ,) in the mines; (K;) meaning تِبْر that is created in the earth; (TA;) as also ↓ رَكِيزَةٌ: (K:) the former is pl. of ↓ رِكْزَةٌ: (K:) or it is pl. of ↓ رَكِيزَةٌ: (Ahmad Ibn-Khálid, TA:) and pieces (K, TA) of large size, like [stones such as are called]

جَلَامِيد, (TA,) of silver and of gold, (K, TA,) that are extracted from the earth, (TA,) or from the mine: (K, TA:) accord. to the people of El-'Irák, any metals or other minerals: (TA:) or [so in the A and Mgh, and accord. to the TA, but in the K “ and,”] buried treasure (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) of the people of the Time of Ignorance: (S, Msb, K:) the first of the significations given above is the primary one: and ancient wealth [buried in the earth] is likened to metals or minerals: or, accord. to certain of the people of El-Hijáz, it signifies specially property buried by men before the period of El-Islám; and not metals or other minerals. (TA.) It is said in a trad., that the fifth part of what is termed رِكَازٌ is for the government-treasury: (S, * TA:) or, accord. to another relation, of what is termed ↓ رَكِيزٌ: as though it [the latter] were pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] of ↓ رَكِيزَةٌ, or [the former] of ↓ رِكَازَةٌ. (TA.) رَكِيزٌ: see رِكَازٌ, last sentence.

رِكَازَةٌ: see رِكَازٌ, last sentence.

رَكِيزَةٌ: see رِكَازٌ, in three places: A2: see also مَرْكَزٌ.

رَاكِزٌ A thing that is firm, or fixed. (Mgh.) [Hence,] one says, عِزُّهُمْ رَاكِزٌ (tropical:) Their might, or glory, is firmly established. (A, TA.) مَرْكَزٌ A place where a spear or other thing is stuck, or fixed, into the ground, upright: (TA:) a place of firmness, or fixedness. (Msb.) b2: (tropical:) The place of a man; his place of alighting or abiding. (S, K.) b3: (tropical:) The station of an army, or of a body of troops or soldiers, to which its occupants are commanded to keep. (K, TA.) You say, هٰذَا مَرْكَزُ الخَيْلِ (tropical:) [This is the fixed station of the cavalry]. (A.) Pl. مَرَاكِزُ. (A.) b4: The centre of a circle. (S, K.) b5: ↓ رَكِيزَةٌ signifies the same as مَرْكَزٌ [but in what sense I do not find pointed out]. (TA.) إِنَّهُ مَرْكُوزٌ فِى العُقُولِ (tropical:) [Verily it is firmly fixed in the minds, or understandings]. (A, TA.)

شرق

1 شَرَقَتِ الشَّمْسُ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb,) inf. n. شُرُوقٌ (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and شَرْقٌ, (S, Msb,) The sun rose; (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ أَشْرَقَت: (K:) the sun rose from the east; and in like manner one says of the moon, and of the stars: (M:) or the sun rose so that its light began to fall upon the earth and trees: (T and TA in art. ذر:) and ↓ اشرقت signifies, as distinguished from شَرَقَت, (S, M, Mgh, Msb,) or signifies also, (K, TA,) for both verbs are correctly expl. in the K as above, (TA,) it shone, or gave its light, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) and spread (M, TA) upon the earth, or ground: (TA:) or, as some say, شَرَقَت, and ↓ اشرقت are syn., (M, Msb,) as meaning it (the sun) shone: (M:) and شَرْقٌ [as inf. n. of the former verb] signifies the shining of the sun. (K.) b2: And شَرَقَ النَّخْلُ, and ↓ اشرق, The palm-trees showed redness in their fruit: (M, K: *) or showed the colours of their dates. (AHn, M.) [See also شَرِقَ in what follows.]

A2: شَرَقَ الشَّاةَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O, Msb,) inf. n. شَرْقٌ, He slit the ear of the sheep, or goat, (S, O, Msb, K,) in the manner expl. voce شَرْقَآءُ. (Msb.) b2: And شَرَقَ الثَّمَرَةَ, (Az, K,) inf. n. شَرْقٌ, (IAmb, Az, TA,) He plucked the fruit: (Az, K, TA:) or cut it. (IAmb, Az, TA.) One says in crying بَاقِلَّآء [or beans], شَرْقُ الغَدَاةِ طَرِىٌّ The cutting of the morning, fresh! meaning what has been cut, and picked, in the morning. (IAmb, Az, TA.) A3: شَرِقَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. شَرَقٌ, It (a place) was, or became, bright by reason of the sun's shining upon it; as also ↓ اشرق; (M, TA;) [whence,] الْأَرْضُ بِنُورِ رَبِّهَا ↓ وَأَشْرَقَتِ occurs in the Kur [xxxix. 69 as meaning And the earth shall shine with the light of its Lord]: (M:) [in other instances,] أَشْرَقَتِ الأَرْضُ means The earth was, or became, bright with the sunshine. (TA.) b2: [Hence, perhaps, or, though not immediately, from what here next follows, some other applications of this verb, to denote redness.] b3: شَرِقَ بِرِيقِهِ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and بِالمَآءِ, and the like, (M,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. شَرَقٌ, (M, Msb,) He (a man, M, Msb) was, or became, choked with his spittle, (S, M, Msb, K,) and with water, &c. (M.) [And جَرِضَ and غَصَّ and شَجِىَ are sometimes used in the same sense in relation to spittle &c.] b4: [Hence,] شَرِقَ الجُرْحُ بِالدَّمِ (assumed tropical:) The wound became [choked or] filled with blood. (Msb.) b5: And شَرِقَ المَوْضِعُ بِأَهْلِهِ (tropical:) The place became [choked or] filled and straitened by its occupants. (TA.) b6: And شَرِقَ الجَسَدُ بِالطِّيبِ (tropical:) [The body became choked in its pores with perfume]. (TA.) b7: [And شَرِقَ الثَّوْبُ بِالجَادِىِّ (assumed tropical:) The garment, or piece of cloth, became glutted, or saturated, with the dye of saffron: see the part. n. شَرِقٌ.] b8: and شَرِقَتْ عَيْنُهُ (tropical:) His eye became red [being surcharged with blood]; as also ↓ اِشْرَوْرَقَتٌ: (M, TA:) and so شَرِقَ الدَّمُ فِى عَيْنِهِ: (K, TA:) or this last signifies the blood appeared in his eye: (M:) and شَرِقَتْ بِالدَّمِ it (the eye) had the blood apparent in it, [as though it were choked therewith,] without its running from it. (TA.) b9: And شَرِقَ لَوْنُهُ, inf. n. شَرَقٌ, (assumed tropical:) His colour, or complexion, became red, by reason of shame, or shame and confusion. (TA.) b10: And [hence, app.,] شَرِقَ الشَّىْءُ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) The thing became intensely red, with blood, or with a beautiful red colour. (M, TA.) b11: and also (assumed tropical:) The thing became mixed, commingled, or blended. (M, TA.) b12: شَرِقَتِ الشَّمْسُ, inf. n. as above, means (tropical:) The sun had a duskiness blended with it, and it [app. the duskiness] then became little: (TA:) or it was near to setting: (M, K:) or became feeble in its light; (O, K;) app. from شَرِقٌ applied to flesh-meat as meaning “ red, having no grease, or gravy,” and applied to a garment, or piece of cloth, as meaning “ red, that has become glutted, or saturated, (شَرِقَ,) with dye; ”

because its colour, in the last part of the day, when it is setting, becomes red. (O.) b13: The phrase يُؤَخِّرُونَ الصَّلَاةَ إِلَى شَرَقِ المَوْتَى, (S, M, O, K, [in the CK, erroneously, شَرْقِ,]) occurring in a trad., (S, M, O,) in a saying of the Prophet, (O, K,) is expl. as meaning Who postpone, or defer, the prayer until there remains not, (S, M, O, K,) of the sun, (S,) or of the day, (M, O, K,) save as much as remains (S, M, O, K) of the life, (S,) or of the breath, (M, O, K, [but in the CK, نَفْسِ is put in the place of نَفَسِ,]) of the dying who is choked with his spittle: (S, M, O, K:) or the meaning is, until the sun is [but just] above the walls, and [diffusing its feeble light] among the graves (M, O, K *) as though it were a great expanse of water. (M, O.) Az says, يُكْرَهُ الصَّلَاةُ بِشَرَقِ المَوْتَى means Prayer is disapproved when the sun becomes yellow: and فَعَلْتُ ذٰلِكَ بِشَرَقِ المَوْتَى I did that when the sun was becoming yellow. (TA.) A4: شَرِقَتِ الشَّاةُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. شَرَقٌ, (S, Msb,) The sheep, or goat, had its ear slit (S, Msb, K) in the manner expl. voce شَرْقَآءُ. (Msb, K.) 2 شرّق, (TA,) inf. n. تَشْرِيقٌ, (S, O, K,) He took to the direction of the east, or place of sunrise: (S, O, K, TA:) he went to the east: he came to the east: (M, TA:) and he directed himself to the east. (TA.) b2: And He prayed at sunrise: and hence, app., He performed the prayer of the festival of the sacrifice: (TA:) or this meaning is from شَرَقَتِ الشَّمْسُ. (Mgh: it is also mentioned in the M.) b3: شرّقت الأَرْضُ, inf. n. as above, The land became affected with drought, and dryness of the earth, being [parched by the sun and] not reached by water: whence the term ↓ شَرَاقِىّ [q. v.] in the dial. of Egypt. (TA.) b4: تَشْرِيقٌ also signifies The being beautiful, and [sunny or] shining in face. (Sh, O, K.) A2: شرّق اللَّحْمَ, (M, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) He cut the flesh-meat into strips, and dried it in the sun, or spread it in the sun to dry: (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) or [simply] he cut it into pieces, and into strips. (Msb.) [In like manner also] تَشْرِيقُ الشَّعِيرِ signifies The throwing barley in a sunny place in order that it may dry. (Mgh.) And one says of the [wild] bull, يُشَرِّقُ مَتْنَهُ, meaning He exposes his back to the sun in order that what is upon it of the dew of night may dry: in this sense the phrase is used by Aboo-Dhu-eyb. (M.) b2: أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ is an appellation of The three days next after the day of sacrifice: (S, M, O, Msb:) [i. e. the eleventh and twelfth and thirteenth days of Dhu-l-Hijjeh:] these days were so called because the flesh of the victims was therein cut into strips, and dried in the sun, or spread in the sun to dry: (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K: *) or because the victims were not sacrificed until the sun rose: (IAar, S, O, K:) or from the prayer of the day of sacrifice, which they follow: (Mgh:) or because they used to say, [on that day,] (S, M, O,) in the Time of Ignorance, (M,) ثَبِيرْ كَيْمَا نُغِيرْ ↓ أَشْرِقْ, (S, M, O,) which means Enter thou upon the time of sunrise, Thebeer, (addressing one of the mountains of Mekkeh, M, * Mgh,) that we may push, or press, on, or forward, (M, Mgh, Msb,) to return from Minè: (M: [see also 4 in art. غور:]) Aboo-Haneefeh used to hold that التَّشْرِيق means التَّكْبِير [i. e. the saying اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرْ]; but none beside him has held this opinion. (TA.) It is said in a trad. that the days thus called are days of eating and drinking, and of celebrating the praises of God. (O.) b3: شرّق الثَّوْبَ (assumed tropical:) He made [or dyed] the garment, or piece of cloth, yellow: (Ibn-'Abbád, O:) [or he dyed it red: (see the pass. part. n., below:)] or تَشْرِيقٌ signifies the dyeing with saffron, (M, L,) so that the thing dyed is saturated, (L,) or not so that the thing is saturated: (so in a copy of the M:) it is not with safflower. (M, L. [See also 4, last signification.]) A3: شرّق الَحْوَض is sometimes said for صَرَّجَهُ, meaning He plastered the watering-trough, or tank, with شَارُوق [q. v.], or صَارُوج. (M in art. صرج.) 4 اشرق: see 1, in six places. One says also, اشرق وَجْهُهُ, (S,) and لَوْنُهُ, (M,) His face, (S,) and his colour, or complexion, (M,) shone, (S, M,) and was bright, with beauty. (S.) b2: Some allow its being made trans.; [meaning It caused, or made, to shine;] as in the saying, ثَلَاثَةٌ تُشْرَقُ الدُّنْيَا بِبَهْجَتِهَا شَمْسُ الضُّحَى وَأَبُو إِسْحَاقَ والقَمَرُ [There are three things, with the beauty of which the world is made to shine; the sun of the bright early morning, and Aboo-Is-hák, and the moon]: but there is no proof in this, because [the right reading may be تُشْرِقُ, and so] الدنيا may be an agent; therefore the making the verb trans. [in this sense] is said to be post-classical, though it is mentioned by the author of the Ksh. (MF, TA.) b3: It signifies also He entered upon the time of sunrise: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) similarly to أَفْجَرَ, and أَصْبَحَ, and أَظْهَرَ. (TA.) See 2.

A2: اشرق عَدُوَّهُ He caused his enemy to become choked [with his spittle, or with water, or the like: see 1]. (O, K.) And أَشْرَقْتُ فُلَانًا بِرِيقِهِ (tropical:) [I choked the utterance, or impeded the action, of such a one;] I did not allow such a one to say, or to do, a thing. (Z, TA.) b2: اشرق الثَّوْبَ بِالصِّبْغِ, (Moheet, A, O,) or فِى الصِّبْغِ, (K,) (tropical:) He exceeded the usual degree in dyeing the garment, or piece of cloth; [saturated it with dye;] or dyed it thoroughly. (K, TA. [See also 2, last signification but one.]) 5 تشرّق He sat in a sunny place (S, O, K) [at any season, (see مَشْرُقَةٌ,) or particularly] in winter. (O, K.) b2: And تشرّقوا They looked through the مِشْرِيق of the door, i. e. the chink thereof into which the light of the rising sun falls. (O.) 7 انشرقت القَوْسُ The bow split. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) 12 اِشْرَوْرَقَتْ عَيْنُهُ: see 1, latter half. b2: اِشْرَوْرَقَ بِالدَّمْعِ (tropical:) He became drowned in tears. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, TA.) شَرْقٌ [an inf. n.: see 1, first sentence. b2: Also] The sun; (S, O, K;) and so ↓ شَرَقٌ: (K, and thus in one of my copies of the S in the place of the former:) [or] ↓ شَرْقَةٌ has this signification: (M, Msb:) and شَرْقٌ signifies the rising sun; (M, TA;) as some say; (M;) thus accord. to AA and IAar; (TA;) and so ↓ شَرَقٌ, (M, Msb,) and ↓ شَرْقَةٌ, and ↓ شَرِقَةٌ, (M, K,) and ↓ شَرَقَةٌ, (TA,) and ↓ شَارِقٌ, (S, * M, K,) and ↓ شَرِيقٌ: (M, K:) one says, طَلَعَتِ الشَّرْقُ The sun rose; (S, M, O; in one of my copies of the S ↓ الشَّرَقُ;) but not غَرَبَتِ الشَّرْقُ: (M:) and ↓ آتِيكَ كُلَّ شَارِقٍ I will come to thee every day that the sun rises: or, as some say, شَارِقٌ signifies the upper limb (قَرْن) of the sun: (M:) and one says, لَا آتِيكَ مَا ذَرَّ شَارِقٌ [I will not come to thee as long as a sun, or the upper limb of a sun, rises, or begins to rise]. (S, M.) b3: See also مَشْرِقٌ, in three places. b4: Also A place where the sun shines (حَيْثُ تُشْرِقُ الشَّمْسُ). (K.) See مَشْرُقَةٌ. b5: The warmth of the sun. (TA.) b6: The light that enters from the chink of a door; (IAar, Th, K;) as also ↓ شِرْقٌ. (K.) In a trad. of I'Ab, (TA,) it is said of a gate in Heaven, called ↓ المِشْرِيقُ [q. v.], قَدْ رُدَّ حَتَّى مَا بَقِىَ إِلَّا شَرْقُهُ (O, K, TA) i. e. It had been closed so that there remained not save its light entering from the chink thereof: so says I'Ab. (O, TA.) b7: And A chink, or fissure. (K, TA.) One says, مَا دَخَلَ شَرْقَ فَمِى شَىْءٌ Nothing entered the chink of my mouth. (Z, TA.) A2: Also A certain bird, (Sh, M, K,) one of the birds of prey, (M,) between the kite and the hawk, or falcon, (Sh, K,) or between the kite and the [species of falcon called] شَاهِين [q. v.]: (O:) pl. شُرُوقٌ. (M.) شِرْقٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَرَقٌ [inf. n. of شَرِقَ, q. v. b2: And also a subst.]: see شَرْقٌ, in three places. b3: Also A thing [such as spittle and the like (see شَرِقَ)] obstructing, or choking, the throat, or fauces. (S, and Har p.

477.) شَرِقٌ A place bright by reason of the sun's shining upon it; as also ↓ مُشْرِقٌ. (M, TA.) b2: A man choked with his spittle, or with water, or the like. (M, TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A plant, or herbage, having plentiful irrigation; or flourishing and fresh, or juicy, by reason of plentiful irrigation; syn. رَيَّانُ. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, red; that is glutted, or saturated, [so I render اَلَّذِى شَرِقَ,] with dye: (O:) and شَرِقٌ بِالجَادِىِّ applied to a garment, or piece of cloth, [app. signifies (assumed tropical:) glutted, or saturated, with the dye of saffron: see also مُشَرَّقٌ, and see 4.] (TA.) One says also صَرِيعٌ شَرِقٌ بِدَمِهِ (assumed tropical:) [Prostrated,] dyed with his blood. (M, TA.) b5: (tropical:) Flesh-meat (S, M, O, TA) that is red, (M, O, TA,) having no grease, or gravy. (S, M, O, TA.) b6: (assumed tropical:) A thing intensely red, with blood, or with a beautiful red colour. (M.) b7: And (assumed tropical:) A thing mixed, commingled, or blended. (M.) شَرْقَةٌ: see شَرْقٌ, in two places: b2: and see مَشْرُقَةٌ, in two places.

شُرْقَةٌ (assumed tropical:) Anxiety, grief, or anguish; syn. in Pers\.

أَنْدُوهْ. (KL.) شَرَقَةٌ: see شَرْقٌ: b2: and see مَشْرُقَةٌ.

A2: Also A brand with which a sheep, or goat, such as is termed شَرْقَآء, is marked. (O, K.) شَرِقَةٌ: see شَرْقٌ.

شَاةٌ شَرْقَآءُ A sheep, or goat, having its ear slit (S, Mgh, O, K) lengthwise, (K,) without its being separated: (TA:) or having the ear slit in two, (As, Msb, TA,) as though it were a زَنَمَة [q. v.]: (As, TA:) or شَرْقَآءُ applied to an ear signifies cut at its extremities, without having anything thereof separated: and applied to a she-goat (مَعْزَة), having its ear slit lengthwise, without its being separated: and, as some say, applied to a شاة, having the inner part of its ear slit on one side with a separating slitting, the middle of its ear being left sound: or, accord. to Aboo-'Alee in the “ Tedhkireh,” شَرْقَآءُ signifies having its ears slit with two slits passing through, so as to become three distinct pieces. (M.) شَرْقِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, the east, or place of sunrise; eastern, or oriental]. b2: لَا شَرْقِيَّةِ وَلَا غَرْبِيَّةٍ, (K, TA,) in the Kur [xxiv. 35], (TA,) meansNot such that the sun shines upon it at its rising only (Fr, K, TA) nor at its setting only, (Fr, TA,) but such that the sun lights upon it morning and evening: (Fr, K, TA:) or, accord. to El-Hasan, it means not of the trees of the people of the present world, but of the trees of the people of Paradise: Az, however, says that the former explanation is more fit and more commonly receive. (TA.) And مَكَانٌ شَرْقِىٌّ signifies A place, of the earth, or ground, in, or upon, which the sun rises, or shines. (TA.) See also شَارِقٌ [and شَرِقٌ and مَشْرُقَةٌ].

A2: Also A certain red dye. (TA.) شَرِيقٌ: see شَرْقٌ. b2: Also A boy, or young man, goodly, or beautiful, (K, TA,) in face: (TA:) pl. شُرُقٌ, (K, TA, [in the CK شَرْقٌ, but correctly]) with two dammehs. (TA.) b3: And A woman small in the vulva: (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K:) or having her vagina and rectum united by the rending of the separation between them; syn. مُفْضَاةٌ. (M, K.) b4: And الشَّرِيقُ is the name of A certain idol. (M, TA.) شُرَيْقَة The first part of the rising sun. (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees.) See also شَارِقٌ, voce شَرْقٌ.]

شَرَاقِىُّ [The lands that are not reached by the water, or inundation, and that are consequently parched by the sun]: a word of the dial. of Egypt. (TA.) See 2.

شَارِقٌ: see شَرْقٌ, in two places. b2: Also The side that is next the east; (O;) the eastern side; (K;) of a hill, and of a mountain: you say, هٰذَا شَارِقُ الجَبَلِ and ↓ شَرْقِيُّهُ [This is the eastern side of the mountain], and هذا غَارِبُ الجَبَلِ and غَرْبِيُّهُ [in the opposite sense]: (TA:) pl. شُرْقٌ. (O, K.) Hence, in a trad., as some relate it, الشُّرْقُ الجُونُ [meaning (assumed tropical:) Trials, or conflicts and factions, like portions of the dark night, rising from the direction of the east]: but it is otherwise related, with ف [in the place of the ق: see شَارِفٌ]. (TA.) b3: And الشَّارِقُ is the name of A certain idol, of the Time of Ignorance; (IDrd, M, K;) whence عَبْدُ الشَّارِقِ, a proper name [of a man]. (IDrd, M.) A2: Also [if not a mistranscription for شَارُوقٌ, q. v., app. Clay, or some other substance or mixture, with which a place is plastered,] مَا يُطَيَّنُ بِهِ مَكَانٌ. (Ibn-' Abbád, O.) شَارُوقٌ signifies [The kind of plaster called]

كِلْسٌ, [q. v.,] (Kr, M,) i. q. صَارُوجٌ. (K. [See this last word: and see also the last sentence of the next preceding paragraph above.]) مَشْرَقٌ: see what next follows.

مَشْرِقٌ (S, M, O, Msb, K,) which by rule should be ↓ مَشْرَقٌ, (M, Msb,) but this latter is rarely used, (Msb,) The place, (M,) or quarter, or direction, (Msb,) of sunrise; (M, Msb;) [the east, or orient;] and ↓ شَرْقٌ signifies the same; (S, M, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ مِشْرِيقٌ: (Seer, M:) the pl. of the first is مَشَارِقُ; and the pl. of ↓ شَرْقٌ is أَشْرَاقٌ. (M.) The dual, المَشْرِقَانِ, means The place of sunrise of summer and that of winter [E. 26 degrees N. and E. 26 degrees S. in Central Arabia]. (S, O, TA.) And also The place of sunrise and the place of sunset; [or the east and the west;] (M, O;) the former being thus made predominant because it denotes existence, whereas the latter denotes non-existence: (M:) thus in the saying, (M, O,) in the Kur [xliii. 37], (O,) يَا لَيْتَ بَيْنِى

وَبَيْنَكَ بُعْدَ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ [O, would that between me and thee were the distance of the east and the west]. (M, O.) And [in like manner] one says ↓ مَا بَيْنَ الشَّرْقَيْنِ, meaning What is between the place of sunrise and the place of sunset. (M.) b2: See also مَشْرُقَةٌ. b3: The saying, cited by IAar, قُلْتُ لِسَعْدٍ وَهْوَ بِالأَزْارِقِ عَلَيْكَ بِالمَحْضِ وَبِالمَشَارِقِ

he explains as meaning [I said to Saad, he being at El-Azárik (a certain water in the بَادِيَة, TA in art. زرق)], Keep thou [to pure milk, and] to the sun [or the places of sunshine] in winter: but [ISd says,] in my opinion, المَشَارِق is here pl. of ↓ مُشَرَّقٌ applied to flesh-meat that is “ [cut into strips and] spread in the sun [to dry]; ” and this is confirmed by his saying بالمحض, each of them being food. (M.) مُشْرِقٌ: see شَرِقٌ. b2: Also Entering upon the time of sunrise: the pl. occurs in this sense in the Kur xv. 73 and xxvi. 60. (TA.) مَشْرُقَةٌ and مَشْرَقَةٌ (S, M, O, K) and مَشْرِقَةٌ, (M, O, K,) the last mentioned by Ks, (O,) A place of sitting in the sun; (S, O, K;) accord. to some, peculiarly, (TA,) in the winter; (O, K, TA;) and ↓ شَرْقَةٌ and ↓ مِشْرَاقٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ مِشْرِيقٌ (O, K) signify the same: (S, O, K:) or a place upon which the sun shines; accord. to some, peculiarly, in the winter, (M,) as also ↓ شَرْقَةٌ and ↓ شَرَقَةٌ (M, TA) and ↓ شَرْقٌ (M) and مشرق [app. ↓ مَشْرِقٌ, of the pl. of which, or of one of the first three words in this paragraph, see an ex. in a verse cited voce مَشْرِقٌ if the explanation of that verse by IAar be correct]. (TA.) مَشْرِقِىٌّ (Msb, TA) and مَشْرَقِىٌّ both [applied to a man] signify Of the east; or eastern: (Msb:) pl. مَشَارِقَةٌ. (TA.) مُشَرَّقٌ A place of prayer; syn. مُصَلًّى; (As, S, M, Mgh, K;) i. e., in an absolute sense: (TA:) or the place of prayer of the festival (العِيد): (TA:) or the place of prayer of the two festivals: and المُشَرَّقُ is said to mean the place of prayer of the festival at Mekkeh: (M, TA:) and the mosque of El-Kheyf. (S, K.) b2: And The festival (العِيد) [itself]: because the prayer thereon is after the شَرْقَة, i. e. the [rising] sun. (M.) A2: Also Flesh-meat [cut into strips and] spread in the sun [to dry: see its verb, 2]. (M.) See also مَشْرِقٌ, last sentence. b2: And A garment, or piece of cloth, [dyed yellow: or with saffron: see, again, its verb: or] dyed with a red colour. (O, K.) A3: And a fortress [or a watering-trough or tank (see 2, last sentence,)] plastered with شَارُوق. (O, K.) مُشَرِّقٌ Taking to the direction of the east, or place of sunrise: one says, شَتَّانَ بَيْنَ مُشَرِّقٍ

وَمُغَرِّبٍ [Different, or widely different, are one going towards the east and one going towards the west]. (S.) مِشْرَاقٌ: see مَشْرُقَةٌ.

A2: Also A man accustomed to make his enemy to be choked with his spittle. (Z, TA.) مِشْرِيقٌ: see مَشْرِقٌ: b2: and مَشْرُقَةٌ. b3: Also, (M, O, K,) of a door, (M, K,) A chink into which the light of the rising sun falls. (M, * O, K. *) b4: And المِشْرِيقُ is the name of A gate for repentance, in Heaven. (I'Ab, O, K.) See شَرْقٌ.

زحف

1 زَحَفَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. زَحْفٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and زُحُوفٌ (Msb, K) and زَحَفَانٌ, (K,) He, or it, (an army, Mgh, Msb, * or a company of men, Msb) walked, marched, or went on foot, إِلَيْهِ [to him, or it]; (S, K;) and [generally] did so by little and little; (accord. to an explanation of زَحْفٌ in the TA;) crept, or crawled, along; or went, or walked, leisurely, or gently: (Mgh:) and ↓ تزحّف إِلَيْهِ, (S, K,) as also ↓ ازدحف, (K,) i. q. تمشّى, (S, K,) i. e. he walked [with slow steps, or] heavily, with an effort, to him, or it: (TK:) and مِشْيَةُ زَحَفَانٍ means a gait in which is a heaviness of motion. (TA.) One says of a child, before he walks, (S, Msb, K,) or before he stands, (T, TA,) يَزْحَفُ [He drags himself along] (S, Msb, K) عَلَى الأَرْضِ [upon the ground], or عَلَى

اسْتِهِ [upon his posteriors]: (TA:) or زَحَفَ alone, said of a child, he went along slowly, by little and little, upon his posteriors: (Bd in viii. 15:) and to the زَحْف of children is likened the marching of two bodies of men going to meet each other for fight, when each of them marches gently, or leisurely, towards the other, before they draw near together to smite each other: and one says likewise of a child, before he walks, عَلَى ↓ يَتَزَحَّفُ الأَرْضِ, or, as in the T, عَلَى بَطْنِهِ, i. e. he drags himself along [upon the ground, or upon his belly]. (TA.) b2: زَحَفَ الدَّبَا [The young locusts not yet winged] went on, or forwards: (S, O, K:) مَشَى in this explanation in the K should be مَضَى, as in the S and A. (TA.) b3: زَحَفَ said of an arrow, (assumed tropical:) It fell short of the butt, and then slid along to it. (S, * Msb.) b4: Also, said of a camel, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. زَحْفٌ and زُحُوفٌ, and زَحَفَانٌ, (TA,) He became fatigued, and dragged his foot, or the extremity of his foot; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ أَزْحَفُ: (S, Mgh, Msb:) or this latter signifies he (a camel) became fatigued, (K, TA,) and stood still with his master: and رَاحِلَتُهُ مِنَ الإِعْيَآءِ ↓ أَزْحَفَتْ His saddle-camel stood still from fatigue: or, accord. to El-Khattábee, correctly, أُزْحِفَتْ عَلَيْهِ: (TA:) or this is a mistake, occurring in the Fáïk; and it is correctly with fet-h: (Mgh:) and accord. to the T, زَحَفَ signifies he (a camel) became fatigued, so that he stood still with his master: (TA:) or, as some say, زَحَفَ said of one walking, or marching, [i. e., of a man and of a beast,] (Msb, TA,) accord. to Az, whether fat or lean, (Msb,) aor. ـَ inf. n. زَحْفٌ and زَحَفَانٌ, or, as Az says, زَحْفٌ and زُحُوفٌ, (TA,) signifies, (Msb,) or signifies also, (TA,) he became fatigued, (Msb, TA,) in walking, or marching. (TA.) b5: And زَحَفَ الشَّجَرُ (tropical:) The trees became in a state of gentle motion, by the influence of the wind. (TA.) A2: زَحَفَ الشَّىْءَ, inf. n. زَحْفٌ, He dragged the thing along gently. (TA.) 2 زحّف البَيْتَ بِالزَّحَّافَةِ [He swept the house, or chamber, with the زحّافة, q. v.]. (TA.) 3 زَاحَفُونَا, inf. n. مُزَاحَفَةٌ, They fought with us. (TA.) 4 أَزْحَفَ see 1, in the latter half, in two places. b2: أَزْحَفَ said of a man means His camel, or his horse or the like, became fatigued. (S.) b3: ازحف لَنَا بَنُو فُلَانٍ The sons of such a one became a زَحْف to us, (K, TA,) i. e., an army marching to us to fight with us. (TA.) b4: And ازحف فُلَانٌ Such a one attained to the utmost of that which he sought, or desired. (K, * TA.) A2: ازحف said of long journeying, It fatigued the camels. (TA.) b2: ازحفت الرِّيحُ الشَّجَرَ (tropical:) The wind put the trees into a state of gentle motion. (TA.) 5 تَزَحَّفَ see 1, in the former half, in two places.6 تزاحفوا They drew near, one to another, in fight. (IDrd, Z, K.) They walked, or marched, one to, or towards, another; as also ↓ ازدحفوا. (TA.) 8 ازدحف [originally اِزْتَحَفَ]: see 1, first sentence: and see also 6.

زَحْفٌ An army, or a military force, marching by little and little, or leisurely, to, or towards, the enemy, (S, A, K, TA,) or heavily, by reason of their multitude and force: (A, TA:) or a numerous army or military force; an inf. n. used as a subst.; (Mgh, Msb;) because, by reason of its multitude, and heaviness of motion, it is as though it crept, or crawled, along: (Mgh:) accord. to Az, from زَحَفَ عَلَى اسْتِهِ, said of a child: (TA:) not applied to a single individual: (IKoot, Msb:) pl. زُحُوفٌ. (Msb, TA.) b2: and hence, as being likened thereto, (tropical:) A swarm of locusts. (TA.) b3: فَرَّ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ, occurring in a trad., means He fled from war with unbelievers; and from encountering the enemy in war. (TA.) b4: إِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا زَحْفًا, in the Kur [viii. 15], means, accord. to Zj, زَاحِفِينَ, i. e. [When ye meet those who have disbelieved] marching by little and little [in consequence of their great number, to attack you]. (TA.) زَحْفَةٌ [inf. n. of un. of 1; A walk, &c.]. b2: نَارُ الزَّحْفَتَيْنِ The fire of the شِيح and the أَلَآء; because it quickly blazes in them [and then subsides]; (S, K;) so that one walks, or creeps, from them [and back to them]: (S:) or the fire of the عَرْفَج; (M, A;) because it quickly takes effect upon it; so that when it blazes, those who warm themselves at it walk, or creep, from it; then it soon subsides, and they walk, or creep, back to it: (M, TA:) and the like is said by IB; wherefore, he adds, it is called أَبُو سَرِيعٍ. (TA.) It was said to a woman of the Arabs, “Wherefore do we see you to be scant of flesh in the posteriors and thighs? ” and she answered, أَرْسَحَتْنَا نَارُ الزَّحْفَتَيْنِ [The fire of the شِيح and the أَلَآء, or of the عَرْفَج, has rendered us scant of flesh in the posteriors and thighs]. (S.) زُحَفَةٌ, (K,) or زُحَفَةٌ زُحَلَةٌ, A man (TA) who does not travel about in the countries: (K, TA:) so in the Moheet. (TA.) زَحُوفٌ: see زَاحِفٌ, in two places. b2: [Also, accord. to Freytag, occurring in the Deewán el-Hudhaleeyeen as meaning Going along slowly.]

زَحَّافَةٌ, in the dial. of Egypt, signifies مَا يُزَحَّفُ بِهِ البَيْتُ [i. e. The thing, generally a palm-branch, with which the house, or chamber, is swept, to remove the dust and cobwebs from the roof and walls]. (TA.) زَحَنْفَفَةٌ One who creeps along (يَزْحَفُ) upon the ground, (Ibn-'Abbád, K,) either from fatigue or old age. (TA.) b2: Also A man (TA) whose heel-tendons nearly knock against each other. (Ibn-'Abbád, K, TA.) زَاحِفٌ [part. n. of 1; Walking, &c.]. b2: (tropical:) An arrow that falls short of the butt, and then slides along to it: (S, * Msb, TA: *) pl. زَوَاحِفُ. (Msb.) b3: A camel fatigued, and dragging his foot, or the extremity of his foot; (K;) as also ↓ زَاحِفَةٌ, in which the ة is added to denote intensiveness: (Msb:) or the latter is applied, in the sense expl. above, to a she-camel; (S, K;) and so ↓ زَحُوفٌ; (K;) or this last signifies a she-camel that drags her hind legs or feet: and ↓ مُزْحِفٌ, applied to a he-camel, has the former of these meanings: (S:) [see also سَحُوفٌ, said to be a dial. var. of زَحُوفٌ:] the pl. of ↓ زَاحِفَةٌ is زَوَاحِفُ; (S, Msb, K;) and the pl. of ↓ زَحُوفٌ is زُحُفٌ. (TA.) Also Fatigued and motionless; whatever it be, whether lean or fat; and so ↓ مُزْحِفٌ. (TA.) And, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer, [simply] Fatigued; (TA;) and so ↓ مُزْحِفٌ; applied to a camel: (K:) or the latter, so applied, signifies fatigued, and standing still with his owner: the former is applied to the male and to the female; and its pl. is زَوَاحِفُ: it is said to be also the name of a certain camel; but Th denies this. (TA.) زَاحِفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

مَزْحَفٌ: see مَزْحَفَةٌ.

مُزْحِفٌ: see زَاحِفٌ, in three places. b2: سَحَابٌ مُزْحِفٌ (tropical:) Clouds moving slowly, because carrying much water; likened to fatigued camels. (TA.) مَزْحَفَةٌ a n. of place, sing. of مَزَاحِفُ, (TK,) which signifies The places of the creeping of serpents; (S, K, TA;) and the marks, or tracks, of the passage thereof: (TA:) and ↓ مَزْحَفٌ, likewise signifies the mark, or track, of a serpent, upon the ground; like مَسْحَفٌ. (TA in art. سحف.) b2: مَزَاحِفُ also signifies The places of fighting of a party, or people. (TA.) b3: and (tropical:) The places of pouring [of the water] of the clouds; (TA;) the places where falls the rain of the clouds. (K, TA. [In the CK, السَّحَابُ is erroneously put for السَّحَابِ.]) مِزْحَافٌ A camel wont, or accustomed, to become fatigued, (S, K, TA,) and to drag his foot, or the extremity of his foot, (S,) or to stand still with his owner: (TA:) or (tropical:) a she-camel that quickly becomes attenuated, or chafed, or abraded, or worn, in the sole of the foot: (A, TA:) pl. مَزَاحِيفُ (S, TA) and مَزَاحِفُ. (TA.)

ظلم

1 ظَلَمَ, aor. ـِ has for its inf. n. ظَلْمٌ, (M, Msb, K, and so in some copies of the S,) or ↓ ظُلْمٌ, (so in other copies of the S,) or both, (T,) or the latter is a simple subst., (T, M, Msb, TA,) which is put in the place of the inf. n., (TA, [and the same is indicated in the T and K by the saying that the proper inf. n. is with fet-h,]) and ↓ مَظْلِمَةٌ, (S, TA,) or this is likewise a simple subst., (Msb,) and ↓ مَظْلَمَةٌ, [or this also is a simple subst.,] and ↓ ظِلَامٌ also is said to be an inf. n. like ظُلْمٌ, these two being like لِبَاسٌ and لُبْسٌ, [or it is a simple subst. like as ظُلْمٌ is said to be, or it is an inf. n. of 3, as such occurring in the middle of this paragraph,] or, accord. to Kr, it is pl. of ظُلْمٌ [like as رِمَاحٌ is pl. of رُمْحٌ]: (TA:) [ظَلَمَ when intrans. generally means He did wrong; or acted wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically: and when trans., he wronged; or treated, or used, wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically; or he misused:] accord. to most of the lexicologists, (Er-Rághib, TA,) primarily, (As, T, S, Msb,) ↓ الظُّلْمُ signifies the putting a thing in a place not its own; putting it in a wrong place; misplacing it: (As, T, S, M, Er-Rághib, Msb, K:) and it is by exceeding or by falling short, or by deviating from the proper time and place: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or the acting in whatsoever way one pleases in the disposal of the property of another: and the transgressing the proper limit: (El-Munáwee, TA:) [i. e.] the transgressing the proper limit much or little: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or, accord. to some, it primarily signifies النَّقْص [as meaning the making to suffer loss, or detriment]: (MF, TA:) and it is said to be of three kinds, between man and God, and between man and man, and between a man and himself; every one of which three is really لِلنَّفْسِ [i. e. a wrongdoing to oneself]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [when it is used as a simple subst.,] the pl. of ظُلْمٌ, accord. to Kr. is ظِلَامٌ, as mentioned above, and ↓ ظُلَامٌ, with damm, is said to be syn. with ظُلْمٌ, or a pl. thereof, [of an extr. form, commonly regarded as that of a quasi-pl. n.,] like رُخَالٌ. (TA.) One says, مَنِ اسْتَرْعَى الذِّئْبَ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ [He who asks, or desires, the wolf to keep guard surely does wrong, or puts a thing in a wrong place]: a prov. (S, Msb.) And مَنْ أَشْبَهَ أَبَاهُ فَمَا ظَلَمَ, (As, T, S,) a prov., meaning [Whoso resembles his father in a quality, or an attribute,] he has not put the likeness in a wrong place. (As, T. [See art. شبه.]) وَلَمْ تَظْلِمْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا, in the Kur [xviii. 31], means وَلَمْ تَنْقُصْ [i. e. And made not aught thereof to suffer loss, or detriment]: (M, K:) and in like manner Fr explains the saying in the Kur [ii. 54 and vii. 160], وَمَا ظَلَمُونَا وَلٰكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ And they made not us to suffer loss, or detriment, by that which they did, but themselves they made to suffer loss, or detriment: (T, TA:) in which sense it seems to be indicated in the A that the verb is tropical. (TA.) b2: It is also trans. by means of بِ; as in the phrase in the Kur [vii. 101 and xvii. 61] فَظَلَمُوا بِهَا, because the meaning is كَفَرُوا [i. e. And they disbelieved in them], referring to the آيَات [or signs]; (M, TA; *) the verb having this meaning tropically or by implication; or being thus made trans. because implying the meaning of التَّكْذِيب: or [the meaning is, and they wronged themselves, or the people, because of them; for], as some say, the ب is causative, and the objective complement, i. e. أَنْفُسَهُمْ, or النَّاسَ, is suppressed. (TA.) b3: and it is doubly trans. by itself: (TA:) one says, ظَلَمَهُ حَقَّهُ [He made him to suffer loss, or detriment, of his right, or due; or defrauded, or despoiled, or deprived, him of it]; and حَقَّهُ ↓ تظلّمهُ: (M, K:) [and] you say, فُلَانٌ ↓ تَظَلَّمَنِى, [as well as تظلّمنى مَالِى, occurring in a verse cited in the M,] meaning ظَلَمَنِى مَالِى [i. e. Such a one caused me to suffer loss, &c., of my property]. (S.) It is said in the Kur [iv. 44], إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَا يَظْلِمُ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ, for لَا يَظْلِمُهُمْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةِ, and the verb is made doubly trans. because the meaning is لَا يَسْلُبُهُمْ [i. e. Verily God will not despoil them, or deprive them, of the weight of one of the smallest of ants, or a grub of an ant, &c.]: or مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ, may be put in the place of the inf. n., for ظَلْمًا حَقِيرًا كَمِثْقَالِ ذَرَّةٍ [i. e. with a paltry spoliation or deprivation, such as the weight of one of the smallest of ants, &c.]. (M.) b4: One says also, أَرَادَ ظِلَامَهُ and مُظَالَمَتَهُ, [these two nouns being inf. ns. of ↓ ظَالَمَهُ, or the former, as mentioned above, is, accord. to some, an inf. n. of ظَلَمَ,] meaning ظُلْمَهُ or ظَلْمَهُ [i. e. He desired the wronging, &c., of him]. (M, K.) b5: ظَلَمَهُ, inf. n. ظُلْمٌ [or ظَلْمٌ?], also means He imposed upon him a thing that was above his power, or ability. (TA.) And يُظْلَمُ He is asked for a thing that is above his power, or ability. (S.) b6: And one says, ظَلَمَ البَعِيرَ (tropical:) He slaughtered the camel without disease. (S, K, TA.) And ظُلِمَتِ النَّاقَةُ (assumed tropical:) The she-camel was slaughtered without disease: or was covered without her desiring the stallion. (M.) And ظَلَمَ الحِمَارُ الأَتَانَ (tropical:) The he-ass leaped the she-ass (K, TA) before her time: (TA:) or when she was pregnant: (K, TA:) so in the A. (TA.) b7: And ظَلَمَ الوَطْبَ, (S, K,) inf. n. ظُلْمٌ [or ظَلْمٌ?], (S,) (tropical:) He gave to drink of the milk of his skin before its becoming thick (S, K, TA) and its butter's coming forth. (TA. [And the like is said in the T and M.]) And ظَلَمَ القَوْمَ (assumed tropical:) He gave to drink to the people, or party, (T, M, K,) milk before it had attained to maturity, (T, K,) as related on the authority of A 'Obeyd, (T,) or [milk such as is termed] ظَلِيمَة: (M:) but this is a mistake: it is related on the authority of Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà [i. e. Th] and AHeyth that one says, ظَلَمْتُ السِّقَآءَ, and اللَّبَنَ, meaning I drank, or gave to drink, what was in the skin, and the milk, before its attaining to maturity and the extracting of its butter: accord. to ISk, one says, ظَلَمْتُ وَطْبِىَ القَوْمَ, [but I think that it is correctly ظَلَمْتُ وَطْبِى لِلْقَومِ, agreeably with a verse cited in the T and M,] meaning I gave to drink [to the people, or party,] the contents of my milk-skin before the thickening thereof. (T.) And ظَلَمْتُهُ is said of anything as meaning (assumed tropical:) I did it hastily, or hurriedly, before its proper time, or season. (M, TA.) b8: ظَلَمْتُ الحَوْضَ means (assumed tropical:) I made the watering-trough in a place in which watering-troughs should not be made. (ISk, T.) And ظَلَمَ الأَرْضَ means (tropical:) He dug the ground in what was not the place of digging: (M, K, TA:) or when it had not been dug before. (M.) And, said of a torrent, (assumed tropical:) It furrowed the earth in a place that was not furrowed. (T.) And ظَلَمَ البِطَاحَ, said of a torrent, (tropical:) It reached the بطاح [or wide water-courses containing fine, or broken, pebbles, &c.], not having reached them before. (A, TA.) And ظَلَمَ الوَادِى (tropical:) The water of the valley reached a place that it had not reached before. (Fr, T, S, K, TA.) b9: When men have added upon the grave other than its own earth, لَا تَظْلِمُوا (tropical:) [Transgress not ye the proper limit] is said to them. (TA.) b10: And one says, لَا تَظْلِمْ وَضَحَ الطَّرِيقِ (assumed tropical:) Turn not thou from the main part, or the beaten track, of the road. (M.) And لَا تَظْلِمْ عَنْهُ شَيْئَا (assumed tropical:) Turn not thou from it at all. (T.) And لَزِمَ الطَّرِيقَ فَلَمْ يَظْلِمْهُ (assumed tropical:) [He kept to the road, and] did not turn from it to the right and left. (TA.) b11: And مَا ظَلَمَكَ

أَنْ تَفْعَلَ (T, K, TA) (tropical:) What has prevented thy doing (K, TA) such a thing? (TA.) A man complained to Abu-l-Jarráh of his suffering indigestion from food that he had eaten, and he said to him, مَا ظَلَمَكَ أَنْ تَقِىْءَ (assumed tropical:) [What has prevented thy vomiting?]. (Fr, T.) And one says, مَا ظَلَمَكَ عَنْ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) What has prevented thee from such a thing? (T.) Respecting the saying قَالَ بَلَى يَا مَىَّ وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمْ [addressed by a man to a woman who had invited him to visit her], Fr says, they say that the meaning is حَقًّا [Truly, or in truth; i. e. He said, Yes, O Meiya, truly, or in truth, I will visit thee]; and it is a prov.; (T;) or اليَوْمُ ظَلَمَ, or بَلَى وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمَ, is a prov.; (Meyd;) and thus it was expl. by IAar, as used in the manner of an oath: but Fr says, in my opinion the meaning is, and a day in which is a cause of prevention shall not prevent me: [so that the words of the hemistich above may be rendered, he said, Yes, O Meiya, though the day present an obstacle, for I will overcome every obstacle]: (T:) accord. to Kr, قَدِمَ فُلَانٌ وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمَ means Such a one came truly, or in truth: [or it may be rendered such a one came though the day presented an obstacle:] but in the saying إِنَّ الفِرَاقَ اليَوْمَ وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمْ the meaning is said by some to be وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمَنَا [i. e. Verily separation is to-day, and the day has wronged (us)]: or, as some say, ظلم here means, has put the thing in a wrong place: (M:) accord. to ISk, the phrase وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَم means[And, or but, or though,] the day has put the affair in a wrong place. (T.) [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 911.]

A2: ظَلِمَ, said of the night: see 4.2 ظلّمهُ, inf. n. تَظْلِيمٌ, (T, S, &c.,) He told him that he was ظَالِم [i. e. doing wrong or acting wrongfully &c., or a wrongdoer]: (T:) or he attributed, or imputed, to him ظُلْم [i. e. wrongdoing, &c.]. (S, M, Msb, K.) b2: And He (a judge) exacted justice for him from his wronger, and aided him against him. (T.) 3 ظَاْلَمَ see 1, in the middle of the paragraph.4 اظلم, said of the night, (Fr, T, S, M, Msb, K,) and ↓ ظَلِمَ, (Fr, T, S, K,) the latter with kesr, (S,) like سَمِعَ, (K,) [erroneously written in the TT as from the M ظَلَمَ,] It became dark; (S, K;) or it became black; (M;) or it came with its darkness. (Msb.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 19], وَإِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا [And when it becomes dark to them they stand still]; the verb being intrans.: or, accord. to the Ksh, and Bd follows it, it may be trans. [so that the meaning is, and when He makes their place dark &c.]; as is shown by another reading, which is أُظْلِمُوا: accord. to AHei, it is known by transmission as only intrans.; but Z makes it to be trans. by itself; Ibn-Es-Saláh affirms it to be trans. and intrans.: and Az [so in the TA, but correctly ISd, in the M,] mentions the saying, تَكَلَّمَ فَأَظْلَمَ عَلَيْنَا البَيعتَ (assumed tropical:) [He spoke, and made dark to us the house, or chamber, or tent], meaning he made us to hear what we disliked, or hated, the verb being trans. (TA.) b2: And أَظْلَمُوا They entered upon the ظَلَام [or darkness, or beginning of night]: (S, M, Msb, K:) or, as in the Mufradát [of Er-Rághib], they became in darkness. (TA.) b3: And they said, مَا أَظْلَمَهُ and ما أَضْوَأَهُ [How dark is it! and How light, or bright, is it!]; which is anomalous. (S, TA.) A2: And اظلم الثَّغْرُ The front teeth glistened. (T, K.) Hence the saying [of a poet], إِذَا مَا اجْتَلَى الرَّائِى إِلَيْهَا بِطَرْفِهِ غُرُوبَ ثَنَايَاهَا أَضَآءَ وَأَظْلَمَا [as though meaning, When the beholder of her with his eye looks at the fineness, or sharpness, (but غُرُوب is variously explained,) of her central teeth, it shines brightly, and glistens: but Az plainly indicates another meaning; i. e., he sees (lit. lights on, or finds,) brightness and lustre; for he immediately adds, without the intervention of وَ or أَوْ, evidently in relation to this verse,] أَضَآءَ

أَىْ أَصَابَ ضَوْءًا وَأَظْلَمَ أَصَابَ ظَلْمًا: (T:) [and ISd cites the verse above with the substitution of بِعَينِهِ for بِطَرْفِهِ and of أَنَارَ for أَضَآءَ immediately after saying that] أَظْلَمَ signifies he looked at the teeth and saw lustre (الظَّلْمَ). (M.) [In the K, next after the explanation of اظلم الثَّغْرُ given above, it is added that اظلم said of a man signifies أَصَابَ ظَلْمًا: thus, with fet-h, to the ظ, accord. to the TA: in my MS. copy of the K and in the CK, ظُلْمًا, which is doubtless a mistranscription.]5 تظلّم مِنْهُ CCC (T, S, M, K, [but in some copies of the S, منه is omitted,]) He complained of his ظُلْم [or wrongdoing, &c.], (S, M, K,) إِلَى الحَاكِمِ [to the judge]: (T:) in some copies of the S, تُظُلِّمَ. (TA.) b2: And تظلّم signifies also He transferred the responsibility for the ظُلْم [or wrongdoing, &c.,] upon himself, (M, K,) accord. to IAar, who has cited as an ex., كَانَتْ إِذَا غَضِبَتْ عَلَىَّ تَظَلَّمَتْ [as though meaning She used, when she was angry with me, to transfer the responsibility for the wrongdoing upon herself; which may mean that she finally confessed the wrongdoing to be hers]; but [ISd says] I know not how that is: the تَظَلُّم in this case is only the complaining of الظُّلْم; for when she was angry with him, it was not allowable [to say] that she attributed the ظُلْم to herself. (M.) b3: See also 1, former half, in two places.6 تظالم القَوْمُ (S, M, Msb) The people, or company of men, treated, or used, one another wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically (ظَلَمَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا). (M, Msb.) b2: And [hence]

تَظَالَمَتِ المِعْزَى (tropical:) The goats smote one another with their horns by reason of their being fat and having abundance of herbage. (IAar, M, TA.) One says, وَجَدْنَا أَرْضًا تَظَالَمَ مِعْزَاهَا (tropical:) We found a land whereof the goats smote one another with their horns by reason of satiety and liveliness. (T, TA.) 7 إِنْظَلَمَ see the next paragraph.8 اِظَّلَمَ (T, S, M, K) and اِظْطَلَمَ and اِطَّلَمَ, (S, M,) which last is [said to be] the most usual, (S,) [but I have mostly found the first to be used,] of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ, (S, M,) He took upon himself [the bearing of] ظُلْم [or wrong, &c.,] in spite of difficulty, trouble, or inconvenience: (S, TA:) or he bore الظُّلْم [or wrong, &c.,] (T, M, K, TA,) willingly, being able to resist; (T, TA;) and ↓ اِنْظَلَمَ signifies [thus likewise, or] he bore الظُّلْم. (S, M, K.) ظَلْمٌ The lustre, and brightness, of gold. (Z, TA.) b2: And hence, (Z, TA,) The lustre (lit. running water) upon the teeth; (Lth, T, Z, TA;) the lustre (مَآء, S, M, K, and بَرِيق, S, K) of the teeth, (Lth, T, S, M, Z, K, TA,) from the clearness of the colour, not from the saliva, (Lth, * T, * M,) like blackness within the bone thereof, by reason of the intense whiteness, (S, K,) resembling the فِرِنْد [q. v.] of the sword, (S, K,) or appearing like the فِرِنْد [of the sword], so that one imagines that there is in it a blackness, by reason of the intense lustre and clearness: (M:) or, accord. to Sh, whiteness of the teeth, as though there were upon it [somewhat of] a blackness: or, as Abu-l-'Abbás ElAhwal says, in the Expos. of the “ Kaabeeyeh,”

lustre (lit. running water) of the teeth, such that one sees upon it, by reason of its intense clearness [app. meaning transparency], what resembles dustcolour and blackness: or, accord. to another explanation, fineness, or thinness, and intense whiteness, of the teeth: (TA:) pl. ظُلُومٌ. (S, M.) b3: Also Snow: (M, K:) it is said to have this meaning: and the phrase مُشْرَبَةِ الثَّنَايَا بِمَآءِ الظَّلْمِ, used by a poet, may mean [Having the central teeth suffused with the lustre termed ظَلْم, as is indicated in the T and S, or] with the water of snow. (Lth, T.) ظُلْمٌ [as a simple subst. generally means Wrong, wrongdoing, injustice, injuriousness, or tyranny]: see 1, first sentence, in two places. b2: [ظُلْمُ الارضِ in the CK is a mistranscription for ظَلَمَ الأَرْضَ. b3: And الظُلْمُ in one place in the CK, as syn. with الظَّلْمَآءُ, is a mistake for الظُّلْمَةُ.]

لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى ظَلَمٍ, (S, M, K,) or أَدْنَى ذِى ظَلَمٍ, (K, TA, [in the CK اَوَّلَ ذِى ظَلَمٍ,]) means (tropical:) I met him the first of everything: (S, K, TA:) or the first thing: (M:) or when the darkness was becoming confused: (M, K:) or أَدْنَى ظَلَمٍ meansnear; (El-Umawee, S, M, K;) or nearness: (M, K:) and one says, هُوَ مِنْكَ أَدْنَى ذِى ظَلَمٍ

[app. He is near thee], and رَأَيْتُهُ أَدْنَى ذِى ظَلَمٍ

[app. I saw him near]: (M:) and ظَلَمٌ is also syn. with شَخْصٌ [as meaning an object seen from a distance, or a person]; (K;) or, as some say, it has this meaning in the phrase أَدْنَى ظَلَمٍ [so that لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى ظَلَمٍ may mean I met him the nearest object seen from a distance, or the nearest person]: (M:) and accord. to Kh, one says, ↓ لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى ظُلْمَةٍ, or أَوَّلَ ذِى ظُلْمَةٍ, (as in different copies of the S,) meaning I met him the first thing that obstructed my sight. (S.) b2: ظَلَمٌ signifies also A mountain: and the pl. is ظُلُومٌ. (M, K.) ظُلَمٌ an appellation of Three nights (T, S, K) of the lunar month (T, S) next after the three called دُرَعٌ; (T, S, * K; *) so says A'Obeyd: (T:) thus called because of their darkness: (S:) the sing. is ↓ ظَلْمَآءُ; (T, S;) so that it is anomalous; for by rule it should be ظُلْمٌ; (S;) and the sing. of دُرَعٌ is دَرْعَآءُ: so says A'Obeyd: but accord. to AHeyth and Mbr, the sings. are ↓ ظُلْمَةٌ and دُرْعَةٌ, agreeably with rule; and this is the correct assertion. (T. [See more in art. درع, voce أَدْرَعُ.]) ظِلَمٌ: see ظِلَّامٌ.

ظُلْمَةٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ ظُلُمَةٌ (S, M, K) [accord. to the CK ظُلْمٌ and ظُلُمٌ, both of which are wrong,] and ↓ ظَلْمَآءُ (S, M, Msb, K) Darkness; contr. of نُورٌ: (S, Msb:) or nonexistence of نُور [or light]: or an accidental state that precludes the coëxistence therewith of نُور: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or the departure of light; as also ↓ ظَلَامٌ; (M, K;) which last has no pl.; (T, TA;) or this last signifies the beginning, or first part, of night, (S, M, Msb,) even though it be one in which the moon shines; and is said by Sb to be used only adverbially; one says, أَتَيْتُهُ ظَلَامًا, meaning I came to him at night, and مَعَ الظَّلَامِ i. e. at the time of the night: (M, TA:) the pl. of ظُلْمَةٌ is ظُلَمٌ and ظُلُمَاتٌ and ظُلَمَاتٌ (T, S, Msb) and ظُلْمَاتٌ, (S, Msb,) or, accord. to IB, the first of these pls. is of ظُلْمَةٌ and the second is of ظُلُمَةٌ. (TA.) One says, ↓ هُوَ يَخْبِطُ الظَّلَامَ [or فِى الظَّلَامِ, expl. in art. خبط], and الظُّلْمَةَ [which means the same] and ↓ الظَّلْمَآءَ [which is also expl. in art. خبط]. (TA.) b2: ظُلْمَةٌ is also [tropically] used as a term for (assumed tropical:) Ignorance: and (assumed tropical:) belief in a plurality of gods: and (assumed tropical:) transgression, or unrighteousness: like as نُورٌ is used as a term for their contraries: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and it is said in the A that الظُّلْمُ is ظُلْمَةٌ, like as العَدْلُ is نُورٌ. (TA.) ظُلُمَاتُ البَحْرِ means (assumed tropical:) The troubles, afflictions, calamities, or hardships, of the sea. (M.) A2: And one says لَيْلَةٌ ظُلْمَةٌ, [using the latter word as an epithet, (in the CK, erroneously, ظَلِمَةٌ,)] and ↓ لَيْلَةٌ ظَلْمَآءُ, both meaning A night intensely dark; (M, K;) or the latter means مُظْلِمَةٌ [i. e. dark, or black]: (S:) and ↓ لَيْلٌ ظَلْمَآءُ also, (M, K,) which is anomalous, (K,) mentioned by IAar, but [ISd says] this is strange, and in my opinion he has put لَيْلٌ in the place of لَيْلَةٌ, as in his mentioning لَيْلٌ قَمْرَآءُ [q. v.]. (M.) b2: See also ظُلَمٌ: b3: and see the paragraph next preceding it.

ظِلْمَةٌ sing. of ظِلَمٌ: see ظِلَّامٌ.

ظُلُمَةٌ: see ظُلْمَةٌ.

ظَلْمَآءُ: see ظُلْمَةٌ, in four places: and see also ظُلَمٌ.

ظَلَامٌ: see ظُلْمَةٌ, in two places.

ظُلَامٌ: see 1, in the first quarter of the paragraph.

ظِلَامٌ: see 1, near the beginning: A2: see also ظِلَّامٌ.

A3: It signifies also Little, or small, in quantity: or mean, contemptible, paltry, or of no weight or worth: b2: whence the saying, نَظَرَ إِلَىَّ ظِلَامًا, meaning شَزْرًا [i. e. He looked at me from the outer angle of the eye, with anger, or aversion]. (K.) ظَلُومٌ: see ظَلَّامٌ. b2: [Hence,] one says اِمْرَأَةٌ ظَلُومٌ لِلسِّقَآءِ (assumed tropical:) [A woman wont to give to drink the milk of the skin before its attaining to maturity and the extracting of its butter: see ظَلَمَ الوَطْبَ, and what follows it, in the first paragraph]. (M.) ظَلِيمٌ [as syn. with مَظْلُومٌ in the primary sense of the latter I have not found: but as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates it signifies] (tropical:) Milk that is drunk before its becoming thick and its butter's coming forth or being extracted; (S, * M;) as also ↓ ظَلِيمَةٌ, (T, S, M,) and ↓ مَظْلُومٌ. (T, S.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) A place that is ↓ مَظْلُوم [i. e. dug where it should not be dug]: (M, TA:) used in this sense by a poet describing a person slain in a desert, for whom a grave was dug in a place not proper for digging [it]. (M.) b3: And (tropical:) The earth of land that is ↓ مَظْلُومَة (S, K, TA) i. e. dug, (TA,) or dug for the first time. (S.) And (assumed tropical:) The earth of the لَحْد [or lateral hollow] of a grave; which is put back, over it, after the burial of the dead therein. (T, TA.) A2: Also The male ostrich: (T, S, M, K:) said (by IDrd, TA) to be so called because he makes a place for the laying and hatching of the eggs (يُدَحِّى, inf. n. تَدْحِيَةٌ,) where the doing so is not proper: (M, TA:) or, accord. to Er-Rághib and others, because he is believed to be deaf: (TA:) pl. ظِلْمَانٌ (T, M, K) and ظُلْمَانٌ (M, K) and أَظْلِمَةٌ, (T, M,) which last is a pl. of pauc. (T.) b2: And الظَّلِيمَانِ is an appellation of Two stars; (M, K, * TA;) the two stars of القَوْس [or Sagittarius] that are on the northern curved end of the bow [i. e.

λ and μ, above the nine stars called النَّعَائِم, or “ the ostriches ”]. (Kzw in his descr. of Sagittarius.) And الظَّلِيمُ is the name of The bright star α] at the end of النَّهْر [i. e. Eridanus]: and A star upon the mouth of الحُوت [i. e. Piscis Australis] (Kzw in his descr. of Eridanus.) [It seems to be implied in the K that الظَّلِيمُ is the name of two stars; or it may be there meant that each of two stars is thus called. Freytag represents the sing. as “ a name of stars,” and the dual also as “ a name of stars; ” referring, in relation to the former, to Ideler's “ Untersuch,” pp. 201, 228, and 233; and in relation to the latter, to the same work, pp. 106 and 184.]

ظُلَامَةٌ: see مَظْلِمَةٌ.

ظَلِيمَةٌ: see مَظْلِمَةٌ: b2: and see also ظَلِيمٌ.

ظَلَّامٌ (TA) and ↓ ظِلِّيمٌ (S, TA) [and ↓ ظَلُومٌ, mentioned in the M and K with ظَالِمٌ, as though syn. therewith, but it is an intensive epithet,] One who acts wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically, much, or often; i. q. كَثِيرُ الظُّلْمِ. (S, TA.) b2: ظَلَّامُونَ لِلْجُزُرِ occurs in a verse of Ibn-Mukbil [meaning (assumed tropical:) Men often slaughtering camels without disease]. (T, S.) A2: See also what next follows.

ظِلَّامٌ (AHn, T, M, K) and ↓ ظَلَّامٌ (T) and ↓ ظِلَامٌ (K) and ↓ ظَالِمٌ and ↓ ظِلَمٌ, (T, K,) the last mentioned by IAar, and its sing. is ↓ ظِلْمَةٌ, (T,) accord. to AHn, A certain herb, (M, K, TA,) which is depastured; (M, TA;) accord. to IAar, a strange kind of tree; (T, TA;) accord. to As, a kind of tree (T, TA *) having long [shoots such as are termed] عَسَالِيج [pl. of عُسْلُوجٌ q. v.], (T, K, TA,) which extend so that they exceed the limit of the أَصْل [i. e. either root or stem] thereof; for which reason the tree is called ظَلَّام. (T, TA.) ظِلِّيمٌ: see ظَلَّامٌ.

ظَالِمٌ [Acting wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically: and wronging; or treating, or using, wrongfully, &c.:] part. n. of ظَلَمَ: (M, K:) and ↓ مُتَظَلِّمٌ signifies the same; as well as complaining of his wrongdoer: (T:) [the pl. of the former is ظَالِمُونَ and ظَلَمَةٌ:] and ظَلَمَةٌ signifies those who debar men from, or refuse to them, their rights, or dues. (IAar, T, TA.) A2: See also ظِلَّامٌ.

أَظْلَمُ [More, and most, wrongful, unjust, injurious, or tyrannical, in conduct]. El-Muärrij says, I heard an Arab of the desert say to his companion, أَظْلَمِى وَأَظْلَمُكَ فَفَعَلَ اللّٰهُ بِهِ, meaning The more wrongful in conduct of me and of thee [may God do to him what He will do; i. e. may God punish him]. (T.) [And] one says, لَعَنَ اللّٰهُ أَظْلَمِى وَأَظْلَمَكَ i. e. [May God curse] the more wrongful in conduct of us. (K. [But in the TA, a doubt is intimated as to the correctness of this latter saying.]) One says also, لَهُوَ أَظْلَمُ مِنْ حَيَّةٍ [i. e. Verily he is more wrongful in conduct than a serpent]: because it comes to a burrow which it has not excavated, and makes its abode in it: (Fr, T:) for it comes to the burrow of the [lizard called] ضَبّ, and eats its young one, and takes up its abode in its burrow. (TA voce حَيَّةٌ.) b2: And الأَظْلَمُ is an appellation of The ضَبّ; because it eats its young ones. (TA.) مُظْلِمٌ [Becoming dark, &c.: see its verb, 4]. b2: [Hence,] شَعَرٌ مُظْلِمٌ (tropical:) Hair intensely black. (M, K, TA.) And نَبْتٌ مُظْلِمٌ (tropical:) A plant intensely green, inclining to blackness by reason of its [deep] greenness. (M, K, TA.) And يَوْمٌ مُظْلِمٌ (tropical:) A day of much evil: (K, TA:) or a very evil day: and a day in which one finds hardship, or difficulty. (M.) And أَمْرٌ مُظْلِمٌ (tropical:) An affair such that one knows not how to enter upon it; (Az, M, K;) and so ↓ أَمْرٌ مِظْلَامٌ: (K:) [or,] accord. to Lh, one says ↓ يَوْمٌ مِظْلَامٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) a day such that one knows not how to enter upon it. (M.) مَظْلِمَةٌ and مَظْلَمَةٌ: see 1, near the beginning. b2: Also the former, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and the latter likewise, mentioned by Ibn-Málik and ISd and IKtt, and مَظْلُمَةٌ, which is disallowed by several but mentioned on the authority of Fr, and all three are mentioned in the Towsheeh and in copies of the S, (MF, TA,) and ↓ ظُلَامَةٌ, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ ظَلِيمَةٌ, (S, TA,) A thing of which one has been defrauded; (M, K; [in the CK, تَظَلَّمَهُ is erroneously put for تُظُلِّمَهُ;]) a thing of which thou hast been defrauded, (اَلَّتِى

ظُلِمْتَهَا, T,) or a thing that thou demandest, (مَا تَطْلُبُهُ, S, Msb,) in the possession of the wrongdoer; (T, S, Msb;) a term for a thing that has been taken from thee; (S; [thus, as is said in the M, the first is expl. by Sb;]) a right, or due, that has been taken from one wrongfully: (A, Mgh:) the pl. of مظلمة is مَظَالِمُ. (Mgh, TA.) In the phrase يَوْمُ المَظَالِمِ, [meaning The day of the demand of things wrongfully taken, and particularly applied to the great day of judgment,] the prefixed noun [i. e. طَلَبِ] is suppressed. (Mgh.) [Respecting the office termed النَّظَرُ فِى المَظَالِمِ The examination into wrongful exactions, see De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., see. ed., i. 132.]

مُظَلَّمٌ (assumed tropical:) A house, or chamber, decorated with pictures; (M, TA;) as though the pictures were put therein where they should not be: it is related in a trad. that the Prophet, having been invited to a repast, saw the house, or chamber, to be مُظَلَّم, and turned away, not entering: (M:) or adorned with gilding and silvering; an explanation disapproved by Az, but pronounced by Z to be correct, from الظَّلْمُ signifying “ the lustre, and brightness, of gold. ” (TA.) b2: and (assumed tropical:) Herbage spreading (مُنْبَثٌّ [in the CK مُنْبَت]) upon the ground, not rained upon. (K, TA.) b3: Also, of birds, (assumed tropical:) The رَخَم [or vultur percnopterus], and crows, or ravens. (IAar, M, K. *) مِظْلَامٌ: see مُظْلِمٌ, in two places.

مَظْلُومٌ [Wronged; treated, or used, wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically: b2: and hence used in other senses]: see ظَلِيمٌ, in three places.

أَرْضٌ مَظْلُومَةٌ is also expl. as meaning (tropical:) Land that is dug in a place not proper for digging: (TA:) or land in which a watering-trough has been dug, not being a proper place for digging it: (ISk, M:) or land in which a well, or a wateringtrough, has been dug, when there had not been any digging therein: (A, TA:) or hard land, when it is dug. (Ham p. 56.) Also (assumed tropical:) Land upon which rain has not fallen. (T.) And بَلَدٌ مَظْلُومٌ (assumed tropical:) A country upon which rain has not fallen, and wherein is no pasturage for the camels upon which people journey. (T.) مُتَظَلِّمٌ: see ظَالِمٌ. Quasi ظلى 5 تظلّى: see 5 in art. ظل.

فغر

1 فَغَرَ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K) and فَغُرَ, (Az, K,) inf. n. فَغْرٌ (Msb, TA) and فُغُورٌ, (TA,) He opened his mouth; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ افغر. (Zj, Sgh, K.) b2: [Also, both verbs, فَغَرَ and ↓ افغر, He, or it, made, or caused, to open the mouth. And hence,] فَغَرَ النَّجْمُ, (T, TA,) or النَّجْمُ ↓ أَفْغَرَ, (S, O,) i. e., الُّرَيَّا, (T, S, O,) The asterism, meaning the Pleiades, became overhead: [lit., made one to open his mouth:] (T:) this is in the winter: (S, O:) for when the Pleiades are in the midst of the sky, he who looks at them opens his mouth: (T, S, O:) or the Pleiades began to rise [after sunset, so as to be overhead in the middle of the night], in the winter. (TA.) A2: فَغَرَ also signifies It (the mouth) opened; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ انفغر: (K:) and the latter is said of a blossom, or flower, in the same sense. (S, Msb, TA.) b2: And فَغَرَتِ السِّنُّ (assumed tropical:) The tooth showed its point; as though it broke forth to grow: but some say that its ف is substituted for ث, and Az inclines to think so [though ثَغَرَ differs much in meaning from فَغَرَ]. (TA.) 4 أَفْغَرَ and 7: see 1; the former in three places.

هُوَ وَاسِعُ فَغْرِ الفَمِ He is wide in the opening of the mouth. (Lth, O, K.) b2: And accord. to Lth, (O,) فَغَرٌ signifies also A rose when it opens: (O, K:) but it is thought by Az to be, in this sense, a mistake for فَغْوٌ, with و. (O.) وُلِدَ بِالْفَغْرَةِ He was born at the commencement of the rising of the Pleiades [after sunset]; (O, K;) which is in the winter. (TA.) See 1.

فُغْرَةٌ The mouth of a valley: pl. فُغَرٌ. (O, K.) طَعْنَةٌ فَغَارِ, the latter word like قَطَامِ, [A spearwound, or the like,] that passes through. (O, K.) فَاغِرٌ, an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant, (TA,) A [certain] دُوَيْبَّة [i. e. small animal, or small creeping thing, or insect], (O, K, TA,) always opening its mouth: (O, TA:) and another, black and white in the أَنْف [or snout], that stings men. (TA.) فَاغِرَةٌ A sort of perfume: (S, K, TA:) or (K, TA) the roots of the [lotus called] نَيْلُوفَر [q. v.] (S, K, TA) of India: (S, TA:) or the كَبَابَة [or cubeb] (K, TA) of China; because, when a man eats it, he opens his mouth. (TA.) مَفْغَرَةٌ A wide tract of land. (S, K.) b2: and An opening, or a hollow, in a mountain, smaller than a كَهْف. (K.)

خفش

1 خَفِشَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. خَفَشٌ, He had that quality of the eyes, or sight, which is termed خَفَشٌ as this word is explained below. (Msb.) and خَفِشَتْ عَيْنُهُ His eye had that quality. (A.) خَفَشٌ Smallness of the eye, (S, A, K,) or of the eyes, (Msb,) and weakness in the sight, by nature: (S, A, Msb, K:) or a natural narrowness in the eye: (TA:) and sometimes it is a disease: (S, Msb: *) or a corrupt state in the eyelids, (Kh, A, K,) and redness, which causes the eyes to become narrow, (Kh,) without pain, (Kh, A, K,) and without ulceration: (Kh:) and (so in the S and A and Msb, but in the K “ or ”) nyctalopia; or the seeing by night, (S, A, K,) but not by day: (S, K:) or the seeing by night more than by day: (Msb:) and in a cloudy day, but not in a clear one: (S, A, Msb, K:) and sometimes, (tropical:) the being affected with ophthalmia, or inflammation of the eye with pain and swelling. (Msb.) كَأَنَّهْمْ مِعْزَى حَظِيرَةٍ فِى خَفَشٍ [As though they were the goats of a pen, in respect of weakness of sight,] is a prov., applied to him who falls into blindness or perplexity or the darkness of night; because goats are the weakest of the غَنَم in rain and cold: originally said by 'Áïsheh. (TA.) خُفَّاشٌ The bat; syn. وَطْوَاطٌ; (K;) a certain flying thing; (Msb;) that flies by night: (S:) so called because it can scarcely see by day; (Msb;) or because of the smallness of its eyes and the weakness of its sight (K, TA) by day: (TA:) its brain, if the hollows of the soles of the feet be anointed with it, excites the venereal passion: and if burnt, and used as a collyrium, it removes, or stops, (according to different copies of the K,) whiteness of the eye, (K, TA,) and sharpens the sight: (TA:) its blood, if smeared upon the pubes of one who has nearly attained the age of puberty, prevents the growth of hair; (El-Minháj, K;) as some say; but this is not true: (El-Minháj:) and if the pudendum of her who has difficulty in bringing forth, be rubbed gently with its gall-bladder, she brings forth immediately: (K, * TA:) the pl. is خَفَافِيشُ. (S, K.) [See also خُشَّافٌ.]

أَخْفَشُ One who has that quality of the eyes, or sight, which is termed خَفَشٌ as this word is explained above: (S, A, Msb:) and one who contracts his eyes when he looks: (TA:) and one who has in his eyes white fluid matter, or motes, or the like: (Az:) fem. خَفْشَآءُ. (Msb.)

خزم

1 خَزَمَهُ, aor. ـِ (Mgh, K,) inf. n. خَزْمٌ, (JK, TA,) He pierced it, or perforated it; (JK, Mgh, K;) namely, a thing of any kind: for instance, the nose of a camel, for the [ring called]

خِزَامَة [to which the rein is attached]: and the letter of a Kádee to another Kádee; for such a letter is pierced for the سِحَآءَة [or strip of paper with which it is bound], and is then sealed [upon this strip]; and when this is done, the letter is said to be ↓ مَخْزُومٌ. (Mgh.) You say, خَزَمَ البَعِيرَ, aor. as above, (Mgh, Msb,) and so the inf. n., (Msb,) He pierced the nose of the camel (Mgh, Msb) for the خِزَامَة: (Mgh:) or خَزَمَ البَعِيرَ (S, K) بِالخِزَامَةِ, (S,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) he put the خزامة in the side of the nostril, (K,) or in the partition between the nostrils, (S,) [but the former is the more common practice,] of the camel; (S, K;) as also ↓ خزّمهُ; (K;) [or] this signifies the doing so much, or often. (TA.) [Hence,] خَزَمَ أَنْفَهُ (assumed tropical:) He brought him under, or into, subjection; rendered him submissive, tractable, or manageable. (TA.) and خَزَمْتُ الجَرَادَ فِى العُودِ I spitted the locusts in a series upon the [skewer, or] piece of stick or wood. (S.) And خَزَمَ شِرَاكَ نَعْلِهِ He pierced and tied the [thong called] شَراك [q. v.] of his sandal [app. so as to attach to it the two branches (عَضُدَا الشِّرَاكِ) of the strap that encompasses the heel]. (TA, [See also خِزَامَةٌ.]) b2: [Also He cut it. for] الخَزْمُ is syn. with القَطْعُ. (Ham p. 166.

[It is there also said to be syn. with الشد; i. e. الشَّدُّ; but this is app. a mistake for الشَّكُّ, a meaning assigned to it in the JK, agreeably with the K.]) 2 خَزَّمَ see 1.3 خازمهُ, (S,) or خازِمهُ الطَّرِيقَ, (K,) inf. n. مُخَازَمَةٌ (S in art. خصر) [and خِزَامٌ], He (a man, S) took a different way from his (another's) until they both met in one place: (S, K:) the doing so is also termed مُخَاصَرَةٌ: (S in art. خصر, and TA:) it is as though it were a rivalling, or imitating, in travelling. (TA.) Ibn-Fesweh says, إِذَا هُوَ نَحَّاهَا عَنِ القَصْدِ خَازَمَتْ بِهِ الجَوْرَ حَتَّى تَسْتَقِيمُ ضُحَى الغَدِ i. e. When he turns her, meaning his she-camel, from the right way, she pursues with him a way different from the wrong, so that she overcomes him, and takes the right way, in the early daytime of the morrow. (TA.) مُخَازَمَةٌ also signifies The act of rivalling, or imitating. (JK, TA.) And one says, لَقِيتُهُ خِزَامًا (JK, TA) and مَخَازَمَةً, (JK,) meaning I met him face to face: (TA:) or suddenly, or unexpectedly, and face to face. (JK.) 5 تخزّم الشَّوْكُ فِى رِجْلِهِ The thorns pierced his foot, or leg, and entered into it. (K, * TA.) 6 تخازم الجَيْشَانِ The two armies rivalled, or imitated, each other; or opposed each other; syn. تَعَارَضَا. (TA.) خَزَمٌ A certain kind of tree, (JK, T, S, Msb, K,) of the bark of which ropes are made: (S, Msb:) it is like the دَوْم [or Theban palm]; (K;) having branches with small dates, which become black when ripe, bitter, astringent, or disagreeable and choking; not eaten by men; but the crows are greedy of them, and come to them time after time: so says AHn.: (TA:) n. un. with ة. (S, Msb.) A2: See also خَزُومَةٌ.

خُزَمٌ: see خُزَامَى.

خُزُمٌ [a pl. of which the sing is not mentioned] Sewers of skins or hides or boots and the like; syn. خَرَّازُونَ. (TA.) خَزَمَةٌ n. un. of خَزَمٌ, explained above. (S, Msb.) b2: Also The leaves (خُوص) of the مُقْل [or Theban palm]; (JK, K;) of which are made women's أَحْفَاش [i. e. receptacles for their perfumes and other similar things, pl. of حِفْشٌ]. (TA.) إِبِلٌ خَزْمَى: see مَخْزُومٌ.

خِزَامٌ: see خِرَامَةٌ, in two places.

خَزُومٌ: see خَزُومَةٌ.

خِزَامَةٌ A ring of [goat's] hair, which is put [in the side of the nostril (see 1) or] in the partition between the nostrils of the camel, (S, Msb, * TA,) and to which is tied the rein; (S, TA;) as also ↓ خِزَامٌ: (TA, and Har p. 73:) or a بُرَة in the nose of a she-camel: (JK:) or, accord. to the K, a بُرَة which is put in the side of the nostril of the camel: but Lth says that when it is of brass it is termed بُرَة; and when of [goat's] hair, خِزَامَة: (TA:) pl. خَزَائِمُ (JK, Msb, TA) and خِزَامَاتٌ. (Msb.) [Hence,] أَعْطَى القُرْآنَ خَزَائِمَهُ: from a trad. of Abu-d-Dardà, in which it is said, مُرْهُمْ

أَنْ يُعْطُوا القُرْآنَ بِخَزَاتِمِهِمْ (tropical:) Command ye them that they submit themselves to the judgment, or decision, of the Kur-án; خزائم being here pl. of خِزَامَةٌ: (IAth, TA:) or أَعْطُوا القُرْآنَ خَزَائِمَهُ (assumed tropical:) Render ye to the Kur-án its due. (JK.) [In the present day, ↓ خِزَامٌ, vulgarly pronounced خُزَام, is applied to A woman's nose-ring, of gold or other metal.] b2: The خِزَامَة of the sandal is A slender thong which is pierced and tied between [the two thongs called] the شِرَاكَانِ [app. here meaning the عَضُدَانِ of the شِرَاك: see 1]. (K, * TA.) خُزَامَى A certain plant, (JK, K, TA,) called also ↓ خُزَمٌ, (JK,) of sweet odour: (TA:) or i. q. خِيرِىُّ البَرِّ [q. v.]; (S, Msb, K;) accord. to El-Fárábee: one of the plants of the desert: said by Az to be a certain herb of sweet odour, having a flower like that of the violet: (Msb:) [accord. to the book entitled مَا لَا يَسَعُ الطَّبِيبَ جَهْلَهُ, as stated by Golius, a certain wild herb, having a long stalk, small leaves, red flower, and very sweet odour:] its flower is the sweetest of flowers in odour; the fumigation therewith dispels every fetid odour; the use thereof as a suppository in the vagina promotes pregnancy; and the taking it internally restores to a right state the liver and the spleen, and the brain affected with cold: (K:) [in the present day, applied to the common lavender; lavandula spica:] n. un. خُزَامَاةٌ. (TA.) خَزُومَةٌ i. q. بَقَرَةٌ [app. as meaning both A bull and a cow], (JK, S, K,) in the dial. of Hudheyl; (S;) or such as is advanced in age, and short: (M, K:) pl. ↓ خَزُومٌ, [or rather this is a coll. gen. n.,] and [the pl. is] خَزَائِمُ (JK, K) and خَزُومَاتٌ (S) and [quasi-pl. n.] ↓ خَزَمٌ. (TA.) خَزَّامٌ A maker of ropes of the bark of the tree called خَزَم. (JK, S. *) [Accord. to the K, A seller of the kind of tree called خَزَم: but this is a mistake, app. caused by an omission in the K.]

اريحٌ خَازِمٌ (assumed tropical:) A cold wind; as though it pierced through the extremities: so says Kr: A'Obeyd says خَارِمٌ: accord. to the K, both signify the same. (TA.) مُخَزَّمٌ; and its fem., with ة: see what follows, in four places.

مَخْزُومٌ Anything pierced or perforated: (S, Mgh:) applied in this sense, (JK,) or as meaning pierced and tied, (TA, [see 1,]) to the [thong, of a sandal, called] شِرَاك; (JK, TA;) or, thus applied, it means cut. (Ham p. 166.) See also 1, first sentence, for its meaning as applied to a letter. b2: Any animal having the nose pierced. (Msb.) And ↓ إِبِلٌ خَزْمَى means Camels having rings such as are termed خَزَائِم (pl. of خِزَامَة) in their nostrils; (IAar, K, TA;) as also ↓ مُخَزَّمَةٌ. (IAar, TA.) All birds, also, are said to be مَخْزُومَة, (S, K,) and ↓ مُخَزَّمَة; (K;) because perforated in the partition between the nostrils: (S, K:) and particularly the ostrich is said to be مَخْزُوم (S, K *) and ↓ مُخَزَّم. (JK, K. *) One says, ↓ مَاهُمْ إِلَّا كَالْأَنْعَامِ المُخَزَّمَةِ, meaning (tropical:) They are none others than stupid, or foolish, persons. (TA. [But كَالْأَنْعَامِ is app., here, a mistranscription for كَالنَّعَامِ; for the ostrich is proverbial for stupidity: one says أَحْمَقُ مِنْ نَعَامَةٍ “ More stupid than an ostrich: ” because, as Meyd says, when an ostrich happens to see the eggs of another ostrich, it will sit upon them, and forget its own eggs.])