Arabic-English Lexicon by Edward William Lane (d. 1876) المعجم العربي الإنجليزي لإدوارد وليام لين

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سلق

Entries on سلق in 17 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Ibn Sīda al-Mursī, Al-Muḥkam wa-l-Muḥīṭ al-Aʿẓam, Zayn al-Dīn al-Razī, Mukhtār al-Ṣiḥāḥ, Murtaḍa al-Zabīdī, Tāj al-ʿArūs fī Jawāhir al-Qamūs, and 14 more

سلق

1 سَلَقَهُ, (S, K,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. سَلْقٌ, (TK,) He prostrated him on the back of his neck; (K;) or threw him down on his back; (S;) as also ↓ سَلْقَاهُ, inf. n. سِلْقَآءٌ. (S, K.) You say, طَعَنْتُهُ فَسَلَقْتُهُ and ↓ سَلْقَيْتُهُ, i. e. [I thrust him, or pierced him, and] threw him down on his back. (S.) And سَلَقَنِى لِحُلَاوَةِ القَفَا and سَلْقَانِى ↓ عَلَى قَفَاىَ He threw me down on my back: and so with ص; but more commonly with س. (TA, from a trad.) And سَلَقَهُ الطَّبِيبُ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ The physician extended him on his back. (TA.) And سَلَقَهَا, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He threw her down on the back of her neck [or on her back] for the purpose of compressing her; namely, his wife: (Msb:) or he spread her, and then compressed her; (S, K;) as also ↓ سَلْقَاهَا; (S;) namely, a girl, or young woman. (K.) b2: He thrust him, or pierced him, (K, TA,) with a spear; (TK;) and pushed him, or repelled him; and dashed himself, or his body, against him; (TA;) and ↓ سَلْقَاهُ signifies the same; (K, TA;) inf. n. سِلْقَآءٌ: (TA:) [and he struck him, or smote him; for the inf. n.] سَلْقٌ signifies the act of striking, or smiting. (TA.) [Hence,] سَلَقَهُ بِالكَلَامِ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. سَلْقٌ, (S, TA,) (tropical:) He hurt him, or displeased him, with speech; (S, K, TA;) spoke strongly, or severely, to him; (S, TA;) made him to hear that which he disliked, or hated, and did so much: (TA:) and سَلَقَهُ بِلِسَانِهِ (assumed tropical:) he said to him that which he dislike, or hated. (Msb.) سَقُوكُمْ بِأَلْسِنَةٍ حِدَادٍ, in the Kur xxxiii. 19, means (tropical:) They hurt you, or displease you, (Fr, Jel, TA,) by what they say, or bite you, (Fr, TA,) or are extravagant, or vehement, in speech to you, (AO, S, TA,) or smite you, (Bd, Jel,) with sharp tongues: (Fr, Bd, TA:) سَلْقٌ signifying the act of assaulting, and smiting, with force, with the hand, or arm, or (assumed tropical:) with the tongue: (Bd:) and the verb is also with ص; but this is not allowable in the reading [of the Kur]. (TA.) b3: You say also, سَلَقَتِ الأَقْدَامُ وَالحَوَافِرُ الطَّرِيقَ, (TK,) inf. n. سَلْقٌ, (K,) The feet of men, and the hoofs of horses or the like, marked, or made marks upon, the road. (K, TK.) b4: And سَلَقَهُ He flayed him with a whip. (K.) b5: He galled it; namely, the back of his camel. (TA.) b6: He (a beast) abraded the inner side of his (the rider's) thigh. (TA.) b7: He peeled it off; namely, the flesh from the bone (عَنِ العَظْمِ); syn. اِلْتَحَاهُ; (O, K, TA;) he removed it therefrom. (TA.) b8: He removed its hair, (Msb, K,) and its fur, (K,) with hot water, (Msb, K,) leaving the traces thereof remaining; (K;) aor. ـُ inf. n. سَلْقٌ. (Msb.) b9: He boiled it with fire: (K:) or he boiled it slightly: inf. n. as above. (TA.) You say, سَلَقْتُ البَقْلُ I boiled the herbs, or leguminous plants, with fire, slightly: (S:) or I boiled them with water merely: thus heard by Az from the Arabs: (Msb:) and in like manner, eggs, (S, Msb,) in their shells: so says Az. (Msb.) You say also, سَلَقْتُ شَيْئًا بِالمَآءِ الحَارِّ [I cooked a thing with hot water]. (Lth, TA.) And سُلِقَ is said of anything as meaning It was [boiled, i. e.] cooked with hot water (TA.) b10: سَلَقَ البَرْدُ النَّبَاتَ The cold nipped, shrunk, shrivelled, or blasted, the herbage, or plants; syn. أَحْرَقَهُ [q. v.]. (K.) b11: سَلَقَ المَزَادَةَ, (inf. n. as above, TA,) He oiled, or greased, the leathern water-bag: (S, K:) and in like manner, الأَدِيمَ [the hide, or tanned hide]. (TA.) and سَلَقَ البَعِيرَ (K, TA) بِالهِنَآءِ (TA) He smeared the camel all over with tar: (K, TA:) from Ibn-'Abbád. (TA.) A2: سَلَقَ الجُوَالِقَ, aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. سَلْقٌ, (S, TA,) He inserted one of the two loops of the [sack called] جوالق into the other: (S, TA:) or سَلَقَ العُودَ فِى العُرْوَةِ he inserted the stick into the loop [of the جوالق]; as also ↓ اسلقهُ: (K:) accord. to AHeyth, سَلْقٌ signifies the inserting the [stick called] شِظَاظ at once into the two loops of the [two sacks called]

جُوَالِقَانِ when they are put and bound upon the camel. (TA. [See also قَطَبَ الجُوَالِقَ.]) A3: سَلَقَ الحَائِطَ: see 5.

A4: سُلِقَتْ أَفْوَاهُنَا مِنْ أَكْلِ وَرَقِ الشَّجَرِ Our mouths broke out with pimples, or small pustules, from the eating of the leaves of trees. (TA. [See سُلَاقٌ.]) A5: الِتَّى سُلِقَ عَلَيْهَا ↓ هٰذِهِ سَلِيقَتُهُ and سُلِقَهَا [This is his nature, to which he was constitutionally adapted or disposed]: said by Sb. (TA.) A6: سَلَقَ, [intrans., aor. ـُ (S, K,) inf. n. سَلْقٌ, (TA,) He called out, cried out, or shouted; or did so vehemently; or with his utmost force: (S, K:) a dial. var. of صَلَقَ: (S:) he raised the voice: (Ibn-El-Mubárak, TA:) or he raised his voice on the occasion of the death of a man, or on the occasion of a calamity: (A 'Obeyd, TA:) accord. to IDrd, the meaning [of the inf. n.] is a woman's slapping and scratching her face: but the first explanation is more correct. (TA.) b2: Also He ran. (K.) You say سَلَقَ سَلْقَةً He ran a run. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) 4 اسلق, said of a man, His camel's back became white after the healing of galls. (TA.) A2: And He hunted, snared, or trapped, a she-wolf, (IAar. K,) which is called سِلْقَة. (IAar.) A3: See also 1, in the latter half of the paragraph.5 تَسَلَّقَ see Q. Q. 3. b2: تسلّق عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ (IAar, K, TA) ظَهْرًا لِبَطْنٍ (IAar, TA) He was, or became, restless, agitated, or in a state of commotion, upon his bed, by reason of anxiety or pain: (IAar, K, TA:) but Az says that the verb known in this sense is with ص. (TA.) A2: تسلّق الجِدَارَ, (S, K,) or الحَائِطَ; and ↓ سَلَقَهُ, inf. n. سَلْقٌ; (TA; [comp. the Chald. 165;]) He ascended, climbed, or scaled, the wall: (S, K, TA:) or تَسَلُّقٌ signifies the ascending a smooth wall: or it is like the تَسَلُّق of the Messiah to Heaven. (TA.) 7 انسلق [app. signifies It was, or became, affected with what is termed سُلَاق; said of the tongue: and in like manner said of the eye: or,] said of the tongue, it was, or became, affected with an excoriation: and اِنْسِلَاقٌ in the eye is a redness incident thereto. (TA.) Q. Q. 1 سَلْقَاهُ &c.: see 1, in five places. Q. Q. 3 اِسْلَنْقَى, of the measure اِفْعَنْلَى, (S,) He lay, or slept, (نَامَ,) on his back; (Seer, S, O, K;) like اِسْتَلْقَى [which belongs to art. لقى]; (O, K;) as also ↓ تسلّق. (TA.) سَلْقٌ The mark, or scar, of a gall, or sore, on the back of a camel, when it has healed, and the place thereof has become white; (K;) [like سَحْقٌ;] as also ↓ سَلَقٌ. (S, K.) b2: And The mark made by the [plaited thong called] نِسْع upon the side of the camel, (K, TA,) or upon his belly, from which the fur becomes worn off; (TA;) and so ↓ سَلِيقَةٌ: (S, K: *) سَلَائِقُ [is pl. of ↓ the latter word, and] signifies the marks made by the feet of men and by the hoofs of horses or the like upon the road: (K, TA:) and to these the marks made by the [plaited thongs called]

أَنْسَاع upon the belly of the camel are likened. (TA.) سِلْقٌ [Bete; and particularly red garden-bete: so called in the present day; and also called شَوَنْدَر and سَوَنْدَر and بَنْجَر:] a certain plant, (S, Msb,) or herb (بَقْلَةٌ), (K,) that is eaten, (S,) well known; (Msb, K;) i. q. جغندر [or چُغُنْدُرْ, whence the vulgar name شَوَنْدَر, and hence سَوَنْدَر]; so says ISh; i. e. in Pers\.; in some of the MSS.

جلندر [a mistranscription for چُگُنْدُرْ]; a plant having long leaves, and a root penetrating [deeply] into the earth, the leaves of which are tender, and are cooked: (TA:) it clears [the skin], acts as a dissolvent, and as a lenitive, and as an aperient, or a deobstruent; exhilarates, and is good for the نِقْرِس [i. e. gout, or podagra,] and the joints: its expressed juice, when poured upon wine, converts it into vinegar after two hours; and when poured upon vinegar, converts it into wine after four hours; and the expressed juice of its root, used as an errhine, is an antidote to toothache and earache and hemicrania. (K.) [See also حُمَّاضٌ, and كُرْنُبٌ.] سِلْقُ المَآءِ and سِلْقُ البَرِّ, also, are the names of Two plants. (K.) A2: Also The he-wolf: (S, Msb, K:) and ↓ سِلْقَةٌ the she-wolf: (S, K:) or the latter signifies thus; but سِلْقٌ is not applied to the he-wolf: (K:) the pl. of سِلْقَةٌ is سُلْقَانٌ and سِلْقَانٌ: (JM, TA;) or these are pls. of سِلْقٌ; and the pl. of سِلْقَةٌ is سِلَقٌ and سِلْقٌ, (K,) or [rather] this last is a coll. gen. n. of which سِلْقَةٌ is the n. un. (Sb.) Hence the prov., ↓ أَسْلَطُ مِنْ سِلْقَةٍ (JK, Meyd) i. e. More clamorous than a she-wolf: or it may mean more overpowering. (Meyd.) b2: And hence, (TA,) ↓ سِلْقَةٌ is applied to a woman as meaning (tropical:) Clamorous; or long-tongued and vehemently clamorous, (S, K, TA,) foul, evil, or lewd; (K, TA;) likened to the she-wolf in respect of her bad qualities: (TA:) pl. سُلْقَانٌ and سِلْقَانٌ. (K.) b3: ↓ سِلْقَةٌ also signifies A female lizard of the kind called ضَبّ, (JK,) or a female locust, (TA,) when she has laid her eggs. (JK, TA.) A3: Also A water-course, or channel in which water flows, (K, TA,) between two tracts of elevated, or elevated and rugged, ground: or, accord. to As, an even, depressed tract of ground: (TA:) pl. سُلْقَانٌ (K) and أَسْلَاقٌ and أَسَالِقُ, which (i. e. the second and third of these pls.) are also said to be pls. of سَلَقٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) سَلَقٌ An even plain: (S:) or a smooth, even, tract, of good soil: (O, K: [a meaning erroneously assigned in the CK to سَلْقَةٌ:] or a depressed, even, plain, in which are no trees: (ISh:) or a low tract, or portion, of land, that produces herbage: (JK:) pl. [of mult.] سُلْقَانٌ (S, O, K) and سِلْقَانٌ (K) and [of pauc.] أَسْلَاقٌ, (JK, O, K,) and أَسَالِقُ is also a pl. of سَلَقٌ, or of its pl. أَسْلَاقٌ, as is likewise أَسَالِيقُ: (TA:) ↓ سَمْلَقٌ, also, with an augmentative م, signifies the same, and its pl. is سَمَالِقُ: (S:) or the pl. سُلْقَانٌ signifies meadows (رِيَاض) in the higher parts of [tracts such as are termed] بِرَاق [pl. of بُرْقَةٌ] and قِفَاف [pl. of قُفٌّ]. (Az, TA in art. روض.) b2: See also سَلْقٌ.

سِلْقَةٌ: see سِلْقٌ, in four places.

سَلْقَاةٌ A certain mode of compressing, upon the back. (Ibn-'Abbád, K, TA.) [See 1.]

سُلَاقٌ Pimples, or small pustules, that comes forth upon the root of the tongue: or a scaling in the roots of the teeth: (S, K:) sometimes it is in beasts (دَوَابّ). (TA.) b2: And A thickness, or roughness, in the eyelids, by reason of a corrosive matter which causes them to become red and occasions the falling off of the eyelashes and then the ulceration of the edges of the eyelids: (K:) thus سلاق of the eye is expl. in the “ Kánoon. ” (TA.) سَلِيقٌ What fall off [app. of the leaves] (S, K) from trees, (S,) or from shrubs, or small trees; (K;) or from trees which the cold has nipped, or blasted: or, accord. to As, trees which heat, or cold, has nipped, or blasted: (TA:) pl. سُلْقٌ. (K.) b2: And What has dried up of [the plant called] شِبْرِق, (Ibn-'Abbád, K,) and become parched by the sun. (Ibn-'Abbád.) A2: Also Honey which the bees build up (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K) along the length of their hive, or habitation: (K:) or, accord. to the T, ↓ سَلِيقَةٌ signifies a certain thing which the bees fabricate in their hive, or habitation, lengthwise: (TA:) pl. سُلْقٌ. (K.) A3: Also The side of a road. (K.) The two sides of the road are called سَلِيقَا الطَّرِيقِ. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) سَلِيقَةٌ What is cooked with hot water (مَا سُلِقَ), of herbs, or leguminous plants, and the like: (K:) or, accord. to Az, what is cooked (مَا طُبِخَ) with water, of the herbs, or leguminous plants, of the [season called] رَبِيع, and eaten in times of famine: pl. سَلَائِقُ, which occurs in a trad., and, as some relate it, with ص. (TA.) b2: And Millet (ذُرَةٌ) bruised, (IAar, IDrd, Z, K,) and dressed, (IAar, IDrd, K,) by being cooked with milk: (IAar:) or أَقِط [a preparation of dried curd] with which are mixed [plants called] طَرَاثيث. (K.) A2: Accord. to Lth, (TA,) The place where the [plaited thong called] نِسْع comes forth [from the ropes that form the breast-girth], (O, K, TA,) in the side of the camel: said by him to be derived from the phrase سَلَقْتُ شَيْئًا بِالمَآءِ الحَارِّ; because it is [as though it were] burnt by the ropes: or, accord. to another explanation, its pl., سَلَائِقُ, signifies the strips of flesh between the two sides. (TA.) b2: See also سَلْقٌ, in two places.

A3: And see سَلِيقٌ.

A4: And The nature, or natural disposition or constitution, (Az, IAar, S, K,) of a man. (IAar, S.) See 1, in the last quarter of the paragraph. One says, إِنَّهُ لَكَرِيمُ السَّلِيقَةِ Verily he is generous in respect of nature. (Az.) [See also سَلِيقِيَّةٌ.]

سَلُوقِىٌّ [applied in the present day to A greyhound, and any hunting-dog;] a sort of dog: (MA:) and a sort of coat of mail: (TA:) ↓ سَلُوقِيَّةٌ [as a coll. n.] is applied to certain coats of mail: (S, K: *) and to certain dogs: so called in relation to سَلُوقُ, [said by Freytag to be written in the K سَلُوقة, but it is there said to be like صَبُور,] a town in El-Yemen; (S, MA, K; *) or a town, or district, in the border of Armenia, (K,) called اللَّان [or لَان]: (TA:) or the coats of mail are so called in relation to the former سلوق; (so in a copy of the S;) and the dogs, in relation to سَلُوق which is the city of اللَّان [or لَان]: (S, TA: *) or both are so called in relation to سَلَقِيَّةُ, a town in the Greek Empire, (IDrd as on the authority of As, and K,) said by ElMes'oodee to have been on the shore of [the province of] Antioch, remains of which still exist; (TA;) and if so, it is a rel. n. altered from its proper form. (K, TA.) b2: [It is also said in the TA to signify A sword: but a verse there cited, after Th, as an ex. of it in this sense, is mistranscribed, and casts doubt upon the orthography of the word, and upon this explanation.]

كَلَامٌ سَلِيقِىٌّ [Natural, or untaught, speech;] speech whereof the desinential syntax is not much attended to, but which is chaste and eloquent in respect of what has been heard, though often tripping, or stumbling, in respect of grammar: (Lth, L, TA:) or the speech which the dweller in the desert utters according to his nature and his proper dialect, though his other speech be nobler and better. (L, TA.) And ↓ سَلِيقِيَّةٌ [in like manner, the ة being affixed to the epithet سَلِيقِىٌّ to convert it into a subst.,] signifies The dialect in which the speaker thereof proceeds loosely, or freely, according to his nature, without paying much attention to desinential syntax, and without avoiding incorrectness. (O, TA.) You say, ↓ فُلَانٌ يَتَكَلَّمُ بِالسَّلِيقِيَّةِ, meaning Such a one speaks according to his nature, not from having learned. (S, K.) And ↓ فُلَانٌ يَقْرَأُ بِالسَّلِيقِيَّةِ Such a one reads, or recites, according to the natural condition in which he has grown up, not as having been taught. (TA.) سَلُوقِيَّةٌ: see سَلُوقِىٌّ.

A2: Also The sitting-place of the رُبَّان [or captain] of a ship. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) سَلِيقِيَّةٌ: see سَلِيقِىٌّ, in three places.

سَلَّاقٌ: see مِسْلَقٌ, in two places.

السُّلَاقُ A certain festival of the Christians; (K;) that of the Ascension of Jesus into Heaven: (TK:) derived from سَلَقَ الحَائِطَ [expl. above (see 5)]: said by IDrd to be a foreign word (أَعْجَمَىٌّ), and in one place said by him to be Syriac, arabicized. (TA.) سَالِقَةٌ A woman raising her voice, on the occasion of a calamity, (K, TA,) or on the occasion of the death of any one: (TA:) or slapping her face: (K, TA:) thus says Ibn-El-Mubárak: but the former explanation is the more correct: it occurs in a trad., in which such is said to have been cursed by the Prophet; and, as some relate it, with ص. (TA.) سَمْلَقٌ: see سَلَقٌ: and see also art. سملق.

سَيْلَقٌ Quick, or swift; a fem. epithet; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K;) applied to a she-camel: (Ibn-'Abbád, O:) in the Tekmileh, سَلِيقٌ, which is a mistake: in the L, a she-camel having a penetrative energy in her pace. (TA.) الأَسَالِقُ What is next to the لَهَوات [app. here a pl. used as a sing., meaning the uvula] of the mouth, internally: (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K:) or the upper parts of the interior of the mouth: (TA:) or the upper parts of the mouth, (M, TA,) those to which the tongue rises: thus applied, it is a pl. having no sing. (TA.) خَطِيبٌ مِسْلَقٌ and ↓ مِسْلَاقٌ and ↓ سَلَّاقٌ (tropical:) An eloquent speaker or orator or preacher: (S, K, TA:) because of the vehemence of his voice and his speech. (S, TA.) And لِسَانٌ مِسْلَقٌ and ↓ سَلَّاقٌ (tropical:) A sharp, cutting, or eloquent, tongue. (TA.) مِسْلَاقٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مَسْلُوقَةٌ, meaning A skinned fowl cooked [i. e. boiled] with water, by itself, [and also any boiled meat, is agreeable with a classical usage of the verb from which it is derived, but] is [said to be a vulgar term. (TA.)

ميل

Entries on ميل in 17 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Zayn al-Dīn al-Razī, Mukhtār al-Ṣiḥāḥ, Muḥammad al-Fattinī, Majmaʿ Biḥār al-Anwār fī Gharāʾib al-Tanzīl wa Laṭāʾif al-Akhbār, Ibn Mālik, al-Alfāẓ al-Mukhtalifa fī l-Maʿānī al-Muʾtalifa, and 14 more

ميل

1 مَالَ [He, or it, inclined, leant, bent, propended, tended, declined, deviated, or deflected.]

b2: مَالَ مَعَهُ and ↓ مَايَلَهُ He conformed with, and assisted, or aided, him. (TA.) b3: مَالَ إِلَيْهِ He loved him. (TA.) b4: He wronged him. (TA.) He was, or became, inimical to him. b5: مَالَتِ الدَّابَّةُ مِنْ رِجْلِهَا (K, art. غمز,) i. q. ظَلَعَتْ [It limped]. (TA.) 2 مَيَّلَ بَيْنَ شَيْئَيْنِ He wavered, or vacillated, between two things. (S, MA.) See 10.3 مَايَلَهُ He inclined towards him reciprocally: and مَايَلَا they two inclined each towards the other. (TK, art. هود.) See also مَالَ مَعَهُ in 1.5 تَمَيَّلَ See 6. b2: تَمَيَّلَ بِالقَوْلِ He vacillated in the saying: see تَرَجَّحَ.6 تَمَايَلَ فِى مِشْيَتِهِ [He affected an inclining of his body, or a bending, or he inclined his body, or bent, from side to side, in his gait; a meaning well known, and still common]; (S;) syn. تَثَنَّى. (Har, p. 269.) b2: See تَزَايُغٌ. b3: تَمَايَلَتْ فِى

مِشْيَتِهَا and ↓ تَمَيَّلَتْ signify the same. (TA.) b4: تَمَايَلَ إِلَى الشَّىْءِ; and عَنْ طَرِيقِهِ: i. q. تَجَانَفَ [He affected a deviation, or purposely deviated from his course, &c.] (TA in art. جنف.) 10 استمالهُ

, and استمال بِقَلْبِهِ, (S, K,) He inclined him, and his heart. (K.) b2: اِسْتَمَالَهُ He attracted him to himself; or sought to make him incline. (MA.) b3: استمال is a quasi-pass. of ↓ مَيَّلَهُ. (K, * TA.) مِيلٌ as used by the Arabs, [A mile:] The distance to which the eye reaches along land: accord. to the ancient astronomers, three thousand cubits: accord to the moderns, four thousand cubits: but the difference is merely verbal; for they agree that its extent is ninety-six thousand digits; [about 5166 English feet;] each digit being the measure of six barley-corns, each placed with its belly next to another; but the ancients say that the cubit is thirty-two digits; which makes the mile three thousand cubits. (Msb, which see for more.) See also مُطْلِبٌ b2: ميِلٌ i. q.

مُلْمُولٌ, [A style]. (K.) مَيْلٌ Inclination; leaning; bent; propensity; tendency.

مَيَلٌ A natural wryness. (S.) مِيلَانِ (?) of a مَحَالَة of a well: see ثِنَايَةٌ.

مَيَّالٌ [i. q.

مُتَمَايِلٌ, Inclining much]. (A, art. فيد.) See سَيَّالٌ.

أَمْيَلُ Swaying on horseback: see an ex. of its pl. مِيلٌ in a verse cited voce أَشْعَلَ. b2: عِمَّةٌ مَيْلَآءُ: see قَفْدَآءُ.

امالةُ الأَلِفِ The inclining of the sound of ا when quiescent, after fet-hah, towards the sound of ى; so that the fet-hah, with that ا, composes a sound the same as that of the long “ e ” in the English word “ there. ” This is accordant with present usage; and I have not found any learned Arab who asserts otherwise. See also نَابٌ, and حَجَّاجٌ, and مَشُوبٌ.

دوى

Entries on دوى in 5 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Ismāʿīl bin Ḥammād al-Jawharī, Tāj al-Lugha wa Ṣiḥāḥ al-ʿArabīya, Ibn Sīda al-Mursī, Al-Muḥkam wa-l-Muḥīṭ al-Aʿẓam, Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes by Reinhart Dozy, and 2 more

دو

ى1 دَوِىَ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـْ (Msb,) inf. n. دَوًى, He was, or became, diseased, disordered, distempered, sick, or ill: (S, M, Msb, K:) and he was, or became, affected with consumption, or ulceration of the lungs. (M.) b2: [Hence,] دَوِىَ صَدْرُهُ (assumed tropical:) His bosom was, or became, affected with rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite. (S.) 2 دوّى, (T, S, M, K,) inf. n. تَدْوِيَةٌ, (T, S, K,) He, or it, made a sound; or what is termed دَوِىّ; (T, M;) [i. e., a confused and continued sound; such as the rustling, or murmuring, of the wind; and the rustling of a bird; and the humming, or buzzing, of bees; and the rumbling of thunder; or the distant sound of rain and of thunder;] accord. to some, particularly said of thunder [as meaning it made a rumbling sound]; (M;) or it (a cloud) thundered: (KL:) and he (a stallioncamel) brayed so as to make a [rumbling] sound such as is termed دَوِىّ to be heard. (T, S, K.) A2: [Also,] said of a bird, It circled in the air without moving its wings: (Msb:) or, accord. to As, one says of a dog, دوّى فِى الأَرْضِ [he went round upon the ground]; like as one says of a bird, دَوَّمَ فِىالسَّمَآءِ, meaning “ it circled in its flight, rising: ” he says that التَّدْوِيمُ is not upon the ground, nor التَّدْوِيَةُ in the sky; and he finds fault with the first of the verses of Dhu-r-Rummeh cited in the second paragraph of art. دوم: but some say that the two verbs are dial. vars., both meaning he went round about. (S. [See also دَوَّمَ, in two places.]) b2: See also 2 in art. دو.

A3: Also, (T, S, M, K,) and the like, (K,) and of broth, (T, S, M,) It was, or became, overspread with the thin skin termed دَوَايَةٌ. (T, S, M, K.) And, said of water, It was, or became, overspread with what was raised and scattered by the wind, (M, K,) resembling what is termed دُوَايَة. (M.) b2: And [hence,] دَوَّتِ الأَرْضُ (assumed tropical:) The land became overspread with various herbage; as though it were the دُوَايَة of milk. (T.) A4: دَوَّيْتُهُ, (inf. n. as above, TA,) I gave him the دُوَايَة of milk, (M, K,) or of broth, to eat it. (M.) A5: And دوّى He sold [and app. made also (see مُدَوٍّ)] what is called دَوَاة. (TA.) 3 دَاوَيْتُهُ, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. مُدَاوَاةٌ (T, S, Msb) and دِوَآءٌ, (T, S,) the latter allowable, (T,) I treated him medically, curatively, or therapeutically; (S, K;) I cured him [مِنْ مَرَضِهِ of his disease]; (T;) بِالدَّوَآءِ [with the remedy]: (M, K:) and I tended him carefully, or treated him; syn. عَانَيْتُهُ; (K, TA; [in the CK, erroneously, عَايَنْتُهُ;]) namely, المَرِيضَ [the sick person]. (M, * TA.) You say, هُوَ يُدْوِىوَيُدَاوِى: see 4. And, of a person, (T,) or thing, (S,) دُووِىَ, without idghám, to distinguish between the measures فُوعِلَ and فُعِّلَ; (T, S;) meaning [He or] it was treated medically, &c.: (S:) and دُووِىَ بِأَدْوِيَةٍ [referring to hair] It was treated (عُونِىَ) with remedies, such as oils and the like. (M.) b2: And داوى فَرَسَهُ, inf. n. دِوَآءٌ, with kesr to the د, He fattened his horse, and fed him with fodder that showed its effect upon him: (T:) or دَاوَيْتُ الفَرَسَ I tended the horse well; or took good care of him. (M.) [See also دَوَآءٌ.]4 ادواهُ i. q. أَمْرَضَهُ [which signifies He rendered him diseased, disordered, distempered, sick, or ill: and also he found him to be so]. (S, K.) You say, ↓ هُوَ يُدْوِى وَيُدَاوِى [He renders, or finds one to be, diseased, &c., and treats medically, &c., or cures]. (S.) A2: And (assumed tropical:) He suspected him; thought evil of him; a dial. var. of أَدْوَأَهُ. (Az, TA.) A3: And ادوى He became a companion to a sick person. (K.) 6 تداوى بِدَوَآءٍ, (Msb,) or بِالشَّىْءِ (S,) He treated himself medically, curatively, or therapeutically, [or he cured himself, with a remedy, or] with the thing. (S.) 8 اِدَّوَيْتُ I ate the thin skin, termed دُوَايَة, upon milk [or broth]: (S:) or اِدَّوَىالدُّوَايَةَ He took and ate the دواية. (M, K.) دَوًى Disease, disorder, distemper, sickness, illness, or malady: (S, M, K:) and consumption, or ulceration of the lungs: (M:) or internal disease in the chest; whereas دَآءٌ signifies such as is external or internal. (Lth, T.) [Being properly an inf. n., it is app. used alike as sing. and pl. in all its senses: or it may, when signifying as explained above, have for its pl. أَدْوَآءٌ, which is pl. of دَآءٌ.]

A2: See also دَوٍ, below, in three places. b2: Also Foolish; stupid; or unsound, dull, or deficient, in intellect; (S, M, K;) applied to a man. (S.) b3: And (so applied, TA) Cleaving to his place; (M, K;) not quitting it. (M.) A3: See also دَوَاةٌ.

دَوٍ and ↓ دَوًى (applied to a man, S) Diseased, disordered, distempered, sick, or ill: (T, M, K:) or whose جَوْف [i. e. chest, or belly,] is in a bad, or corrupt, state, by reason of a disease: (S:) the former word has a dual form and a pl., [which is دَوُونَ,] and a fem., (M,) which is دَوِيَةٌ: (S:) but ↓ دَوًى is used alike as masc. and fem. and sing. (S, M) and dual (M) and pl., (S, M,) being originally an inf. n. (S.) A poet uses ↓ the latter as meaning disordered, or ill, by reason of intense drowsiness. (M.) b2: [Hence,] one says, إِنَّهُ لَدَوِى الصَّدْرِ [meaning (assumed tropical:) Verily he is one whose bosom is affected with rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite: see 1, second sentence]: and a poet says, وَعَيْنُكَ تُبْدِى أَنَّ صَدْرَكَ لِى دَوِىْ [(assumed tropical:) And thine eye shows that thy bosom is affected with rancour towards me]. (Lth, T.) b3: أَرْضٌ دَوِيَةٌ A land in which are diseases: (As, T, S:) a land that is unsuitable [or unhealthy]; as also ↓ دَوِيَّةٌ and ↓ دُوِيَّةٌ. (M, K.) دَوَاةٌ [vulgarly دَوَايَة, An ink-bottle; and, more commonly, an inkhorn; i. e. a portable case with receptacles for ink and the instruments of writing, so formed as to be stuck in the girdle; the most usual king is figured in my work on the Modern Egyptians, ch. ix.;] a certain thing, (S, M, Msb, K,) well known, (M, K,) from which one [takes the ink and instruments with which he] writes: (S, Msb:) pl. ↓ دَوًى, (S, M, K,) [or rather this is a coll. gen. n.,] and دُوِىٌّ, (T, S, M, K,) which is pl. of دَوًى, (S, TA,) as also دِوِىٌّ, (M, K,) and دَوَيَاتٌ, (S, Msb,) which is applied to a number from three to ten [inclusive]. (S.) A2: Also The rind, or skin, of the colocynth, and of the grape, and of the melon; and so ذَوَاةٌ. (K.) دَوَآءٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ دِوَآءٌ (S, M, K, said in the Msb to be a subst. from دَاوَيْتُهُ,) and ↓ دُوَآءٌ, (M, K,) the last on the authority of El-Hejeree, and the first that which is commonly known, (TA,) A medicine; a remedy: (T, M, Msb, K:) pl. أَدْوِيَةٌ. (T, S.) The following verse is related as presenting an ex. of the second of these dial. vars.: يَقُولُونَ مَخْمُورٌوَهٰذَا دِوَاؤُهُ عَلَىَّ إِذْنَ مَشّىٌ إِلَى البَيْتِ وَاجِبٌ [they say, “He is affected with the remains of intoxication; ” and this is his remedy: on me, if the case be so, walking to the House of God is incumbent]: meaning that they said, “Flogging, and chastisement, is his دِوآء: ” but he says, “On me is incumbent a pilgrimage walking if I have drunk it: ” but it is said [by some] that دِوَآءٌ is only an inf. n. of دَاوَيْتُهُ, like مُدَاوَاةٌ. (S.) b2: دَوَآءٌ also signifies Food. (M, TA.) b3: and The means by which a horse is treated, consisting in what are termed تَضْمِيرٌ and حَنْذٌ [explained in the second paragraph of art. ضمر and the first of art. حنذ]: and the means by which a young woman, or female slave, is treated in order that she may become fat: and also applied to milk; because they used to effect the تضمير of horses by the drinking of milk, and to treat therewith the young woman, or female slave: and it is likewise called قَفِيَّةٌ; because she has it given to her in preference, like as the guest has, and the child. (S, TA.) دُوَآءٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

دِوَآءٌ: see دَوَآءٌ, in two places.

دَوِىٌّ: A sound: (M:) or a confused and continued sound (حَفِيفٌ); as [the rustling, or murmuring,] of the wind; and [the rustling] of a bird; and [the humming, or buzzing,] of bees: (S, K:) and the distant sound of rain and of thunder: (T:) or, as some say, particularly the [rumbling] sound of thunder: (M:) [and a ringing in the ears; as in the saying] خَلَا بَطْنِىمِنَ الطَّعَامِ حَتَّىسَمِعْتُ دِوَيًّا لِمَسَامِعِى [My belly became empty of food so that I heard a ringing in my ears]. (T.) A2: [It is also an epithet; whence]

أَرْضٌ دَوِّيَةٌ: see دَوٍ, last sentence.

دُوِىٌّ [an epithet; whence] أَرْضٌ دُوِيَّةٌ: see دَوٍ, last sentence.

دُوَايَةٌ A thin skin, (S, M,) a substance that resembles the pellicle of the egg, (Lh, M, K,) that overspreads the surface of milk (Lh, S, M, K) and of broth (S, M) and of [the kind of pottage called] هَرِيسَة (Lh, M, K) and the like (K) when the wind blows upon it; (Lh, M, K;) as also ↓ دِوَايَةٌ. (S, M, K.) b2: And in, or upon, the teeth, A greenness. (M, K.) دِوَايَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

دَوَاتِىٌّ and ↓ دَوَوِىٌّ (MA) and داوى (TA [app. ↓ دَاوِىٌّ]) The bearer of the دَوَاةٌ. (MA, TA.) [In recent times, the Pers\. word دَوِيدَارْ, or دَوَادَارْ, has generally been used instead, as the appellation of a certain office-bearer in several Eastern courts, having different functions in different instances.]

دَوَوِىٌّ: see what next precedes: A2: and see also art. دو.

دُووِىٌّ: see art. دو.

دَوِّىٌّ: see art. دو.

دُوِّىٌّ: see art. دو.

دَوِّيَّةٌ: see art. دو.

دَاوٍ Much, or abundant, food; as also ↓ مُدَوٍّ. (M, K. [The latter word erroneously written in the CK مُدْوٍ.]) b2: Milk having upon it what is termed دُوَايَة, like the pellicle of the egg: (K, TA:) and water overspread with a slight coat [of particles blown upon it by the wind]; as also ↓ مُدَوٍّ. (T.) And مَرَقَةٌ دَاوِيَةٌ and ↓ مُدَوِّيَةٌ A mess of broth having much grease [floating upon its surface]. (M.) دَايَةٌ, mentioned in this art. in the M and TA: see art. دأى.

دَاوِىٌّ: see دَوَاتِىٌّ.

دَاوِيَةٌ and دَاوِيَّةٌ: see art. دو.

مُدَوٍّ, applied to clouds (سَحَابٌ, S, K), Thundering: (K:) or vehemently, or loudly, thundering, and in a state of commotion. (S.) A2: See also دَاوٍ

in three places. b2: [Hence,] أَرْضٌ مُدَوِّيَةٌ (assumed tropical:) Land overspread with various herbage; as though it were the دُوَايَة of milk: or having abundant herbage of which nothing has been eaten. (T.) b3: And أَمْرٌ مُدَوٍّ (assumed tropical:) An affair that is [as though it were] covered: (K:) or an affair of which one knows not what is behind it; as though it were covered and concealed by a دُوَايَة. (M.) A3: Also The maker, or manufacturer, of the دَوَاة. (TA: but there written مدوِى.)

وصى

Entries on وصى in 5 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Arabic-English Lexicon by Edward William Lane, Muḥammad al-Fattinī, Majmaʿ Biḥār al-Anwār fī Gharāʾib al-Tanzīl wa Laṭāʾif al-Akhbār, Ismāʿīl bin Ḥammād al-Jawharī, Tāj al-Lugha wa Ṣiḥāḥ al-ʿArabīya, and 2 more

وص

ى2 وَصَّاهُ and ↓ أَوْصَاهُ He enjoined him; charged him; bade him; ordered him: (K, &c.:) he commanded him, بِكَذَا, to do such a thing. (Msb.) 4 أَوْصَى لَهُ بِالثُّلُثِ He bequeathed to him the third of the property. (MA.) b2: أَوْصَى

He made his will. b3: See 2.6 تَوَاصَوْا They enjoined, charged, bade, ordered, or commanded, one another. See an ex. voce تَبَاعَثُوا.

وَصِىٌّ A person commissioned; a commissioned agent: (K:) an executor appointed by a will.

وَصِيَّةٌ An injunction, a charge, bidding, order, or command: (K:) an admonition, with an endeavour to persuade: and a command: its place may be supplied by any word in which is the meaning of أَمْرٌ. (Msb.) b2: And A will, or testament. (K, * TA.)

ازر

Entries on ازر in 2 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes by Reinhart Dozy and Arabic-English Lexicon by Edward William Lane

ازر

1 أَزَرَهُ, aor. ـِ (TK,) inf. n. أَزْرٌ. (IAar, K,) It surrounded, or encompassed, it, (IAar,* K,* TA,) namely, a thing. (TK.) b2: See also 2, in two places: and see 3.2 أزّرهُ, inf. n. تَأْزِيرٌ, He put on him, or clad him with, an إِزَار; (S;) as also ↓ أَزَرَهُ. (TA.) b2: It covered it: (K,* TA:) as in the phrase, أزّر النَّبْتُ الأَرْضَ The herbage covered the ground, or land. (TA.) b3: (tropical:) He repaired the lower part of it, (namely, a wall,) and thus made that part like an إِزَار: (Mgh, Msb:*) he cased [the lower part of] it, (namely, a wall,) and thus strengthened it. (A.) b4: (tropical:) He strengthened him, or it; (K, TA;) as also ↓ أَزَرَهُ, (Fr,) inf. n. أَزْرٌ (Fr, K.) [See also 3.]3 آزِرِهُ, (Fr, S, A, Msb,) for which the vulgar say وَازَرَهُ, (Fr, S,) the latter an extr. form, (K,) inf. n. مُؤَازَرَةٌ; (Msb, K;) and ↓ أَزَرَهُ; (TA;) He aided, assisted, or helped, him; (Fr, S, A, Msb, K;*) and strengthened him. (Msb.) [See also 2.] You say, آزَرْتُ الرَّخُلَ عَلَ فُلَانٍ I aided, assisted, or helped, and strengthened, the man against such a one. (Zj.) And أَرَدْتُ كَذَا فَآزَرَنِى

عَلَيْهِ فُلَانٌ I desired to do such a thing, and such a one aided, assisted, or helped, me to do it. (A, TA.) b2: آزَرَ الزَّرْعُ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضًا, (A,) inf. n. as above, (K,) (tropical:) The seed-produce became tangled, or luxuriant, (A, K,) one part reaching to another, (A,) and one part strengthening another; (K;) as also الزَّرْعُ ↓ تأزّر: (TA:) or النَّبْتُ ↓ تأزّر signifies the herbage became tangled, or luxuriant, and strong. (S.) b3: آزَرَ الشَّىْءُ الشَّىْءَ, (TA,) inf. n. as above, (K,) The thing equalled, or was equal to, the thing: the thing matched, or corresponded to, the thing. (K,* TA.) In some copies of the K, in the place of المُسَاوَاةُ, is found المُؤَاسَاةُ: the former is the correct reading. (TA.) 5 تَاَزَّرَ see 8, in two places: b2: and see also 3, in two places.8 اِيتَزَرَ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) originally ائْتَزَرَ, (Mgh, Msb,) and ↓ تأزّر, (S,) or ايتزر بِالإِزَارِ, and بِهِ ↓ تأزَر, (K,) He put on, or wore, the إِزَارَ: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) اِتَّزَرَ is wrong, (Nh,) or vulgar, (Mgh,) and should not be said: it occurs in certain of the trads., but is probably a corruption of the relaters: (K:) or it is a correct form, [like اتَّخَذَ

&c., (see art. اخذ,)] (Msb, MF,) accord. to ElKarmánee and Sgh and others. (MF.) أَزْرٌ Strength. (IAar, S, A, K.) b2: And (or as some say, TA) Weakness: thus bearing two contr. significations. (IAar, K.) b3: And The back. (IAar, S, K.) اُشْدُدْ بِهِ أَزْرِى, in the Kur [xx. 32], means Strengthen Thou by him my back: (IAar, S:) or confirm Thou by him my strength: or strengthen Thou by him my weakness. (IAar.) b4: Aid, assistance, or help. (Msb.) b5: Also, (S,) or ↓ أُزْرٌ, (K,) The place, (K,) or part of [each of] the two flanks, (S,) where the إِزَار is tied in a knot. (S, K.) أُزْرٌ: see أَزْرٌ.

إِزْرٌ: see إِزَارٌ.

إِزْرَةٌ Any particular mode, or manner, of putting on, or wearing, the إِزَار. (S, K.) You say, إِنَّهُ لَحَسَنُ الإِزْرَةِ [Verily he has a good manner of putting on, or wearing, the ازار]. (A.) and اِيتَزَرَ إِزْرَةً حَسَنَةً He put on, or wore, the ازار in a good manner. (S.) And it is said in a trad., إِزْرَةُ المُؤْمِنِ إِلَى نِصْفِ السَّاقِ وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الكَعْبَيْنِ [The believer's mode of wearing the ازار is to have it reaching to the middle of the shank; and there shall be no sin chargeable to him with respect to what is between that and the two ankles]. (TA.) إِزَارٌ, masc. and fem., and ↓ إِزَارَةٌ, and ↓ مِئْزَرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ مِئْزَرَةٌ, (Lh,) and ↓ إِزْرٌ, (K,) A thing well known; (S, Msb;) [a waist-wrapper;] a wrapper for covering, or which covers, the lower part of the body, [from the waist downwards, concealing the thighs, and generally the upper half, or more, of the shanks, (see أَزْرٌ, or أُزْرٌ, and إِزْرَةٌ,)] not sewed: or such as is beneath the shoulders, or on the lower half of the body: the رِدَآءِ is that which covers the upper half of the body; or that which is upon the shoulders and back; and this also is not sewed: each of these explanations is correct: (MF:) or i. q. مِلْحَفَةٌ: (K:) [in the present day, إِزَار, vulgarly pronounced إِيزَار, is also applied to a woman's outer covering, or wrapper, of white calico; described in my “Modern Egyptians:” and ↓ مِئْزَرٌ, to a pair of drawers: and app., in post-classical writings, to anything resembling a waist-wrapper, worn on any part of the person, and in any manner; sometimes as a turban:] and إِزَارٌ also signifies anything with which one is veiled, concealed, or covered: (Th, K:) its pl. is آزِرَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) a pl. of pauc., (S, Msb,) and (of mult., S, Msb) أُزُرٌ (S, Msb, K) and أُزْرٌ, (K,) which is of the dial. of Temeem, or, accord. to MF, a contraction of أُزُرٌ: (TA:) and the pl. of مئزر is مَآزِرُ (Msb.) You say, ↓ شَدَّ لِلأَمْرِ مِئْزَرَهُ (tropical:) He prepared himself for the thing, affair, or business. (A.) And ↓ شَدَّ المِئْزَرَ (tropical:) He abstained from sexual intercourse: or he prepared himself for religious service. (TA, from a trad.) and اِخْضَرَّ إِزَارِى (tropical:) (The place of) my ازار became black: or, rather, became of a [blackish] hue inclining to green: because the hair when it first grows is of that hue. (Har p. 494.) And دَارِى إِزَارِى

[My house is my covering]: said by Es-Sarawee to IAar, on the latter's expressing his surprise at the former's walking in his house naked. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) Continence; chastity. (K, TA.) You say, فُلَانٌ عَفِيفُ الإِ زَارِ, and ↓ المِئْزَرِ (tropical:) Such a one is continent, abstaining from women with whom it is unlawful to him to have commerce: (A 'Obeyd:) and in like manner, فُلَانٌ طَيّبُ الإِزَارِ. (TA in art. حجز.) b3: (tropical:) One's wife: (S, M, K:) or one's self: (IKt, Suh:) or one's wife and family: or one's family and self. (TA.) One says, فِدًى

لَكَ إِزَارِى(tropical:) May my wife be a ransom for thee: (Aboo-'Omar El-Jarmee, S:) or myself. (IKt, Suh.) And it is said in a trad. respecting the vow of allegiance made at the 'Akabeh, لَنَمْنَعَنَّكَ مِمَّا نَمْنَعُ مِنْهُ أُزُرَنَا (tropical:) We will assuredly defend thee from that from which we defend our wives and our families: or ourselves. (TA.) b4: (tropical:) A ewe. (K, TA.) [But see شَاةٌ مُؤَزَّرَةٌ.] And إِزَارْ إِزَارْ is A cry by which a ewe is called to be milked. (K.) إِزَارَةٌ: see إِزَارٌ.

فَرَسٌ آزَرُ, and أَزْرَآءُ, [which is the fem.,](tropical:) A horse, and a mare, white in the hinder part, (A, TA,) which is the place of the إِزَار of a man; (TA;) [i. e., it corresponds to the lower part of the body of a man:] when the whiteness descends to the thighs, the epithet مَسَرْوَلٌ is employed: (A:) or the former signifies a horse white in the thighs, and having his fore parts black, or of any colour: (AO, K:) pl. أُزْرٌ (A.) مِئْزَرٌ: see إِزَارٌ, in five places.

مِئْزَرَةٌ: see إِزَارٌ.

شَاةٌ مُؤَزَّرَةٌ (tropical:) A ewe, or she-goat, that is [black in the hinder part] as though attired with a black إِزَار. (A; [in which is added, وَيُقَالُ لَهَا إِزَارٌ, which may mean, “and one says, She has an ازار;” or “and one calls her ازار;” but more probably the former is meant thereby;] and K; [in which نَعْجَةٌ, “a ewe,” is put in the place of شَاةٌ.]) b2: نَصْرٌ مُؤَزَّرٌ (tropical:) Aid [made] effective and powerful: (K, TA:) occurring in a trad. (TA.) مَأْزُورَاتٍ for مَوْزُورَاتٍ: see art. وزر.

جر

Entries on جر in 6 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Al-Ṣāḥib bin ʿAbbād, Al-Muḥīṭ fī l-Lugha, Al-Khalīl b. Aḥmad al-Farāhīdī, Kitāb al-ʿAin, Arabic-English Lexicon by Edward William Lane, and 3 more

جر

1 جَرَّ, aor. ـُ (S, A, Msb,) inf. n. جَرٌّ; (S K;) and ↓ جرّر, inf. n. تَجْرِيرٌ (S K) [and app. تَجِرَّةٌ, said in the TA to be of the measure تَفْعِلَةٌ from الجَرُّ], with teshdeed to denote repetition or frequency of the action, or its relation to many objects, or intensiveness; (S;) and ↓ اجترّ, inf. n. اِجْتِرَارٌ; (S, L, K;) and ↓ اِجدرّ, inf. n. اِجْدِرَارٌ; (L, K;) in which the ت is changed into د, though you do not say اِجْدَرَأَ for اِجْتَرَأَ, nor اِجْدَرَحَ for اِجْتَرَحَ; (L;) and ↓ استجرّ; (K;) He dragged, drew, pulled, tugged, strained, extended by drawing or pulling or tugging, or stretched, (A, L, Msb, K,) a thing, (A,) or a rope, (S, Msb,) and the like. (Msb.) You say, جَرُّوا أَذْيَالَهُمْ They dragged along their hinder skirts. (A.) And الرُّمْحَ ↓ اجارّ He dragged, or drew along, the spear. (TA.) And الحَدِيثَ مِنْ أَبَاعِدِ أَطْرَافِهِ ↓ فُلَانٌ يَسْتَجِرُّ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one draws forth talk, or discourse, or news, or the like, from its most remote sources]. (A in art. بعد.) And مَا الَّذِى جَرَّكَ إِلَى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) [What drew thee, led thee, induced thee, or caused thee, to do this thing]. (TA in art. دعو.) b2: Also جَرَّ, aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. جَرٌّ, (K,) (tropical:) He drove (camels and sheep or goats, TA) gently, (K, TA,) letting them pasture as they went along. (TA.) And جَرَّ الإِبِلَ عَلَى أَفْوَاهِهَا (tropical:) He drove the camels gently, they eating the while. (A.) b3: [Hence,] ↓ هَلُمَّ جَرًّا (tropical:) At thine ease. (TA.) ElMundhiree explains هَلهمَّ جُرُّوا as meaning (tropical:) Come ye at your ease; from الجَرُّ in driving camels and sheep or goats, as rendered above. (TA.) Yousay also, كَانَ ذَاكَ عَامَ كَذَا وَهَلُمَّ جَرًّا إِلَى اليَوْمِ (S, A, Msb, * TA) (tropical:) That was in such a year, and has continued to this day: (Msb, TA:) from الجَرُّ meaning the act of “ dragging,” &c.: (TA:) or from أَجْرَرْتُهُ الدَّيْنَ, or from أَجْرَرْتُهُ الرُّمْحَ. (Msb.) جرّا is here in the accus. case as an inf. n., or as a denotative of state: but it is disputed whether this expression be classical or postclassical. (TA.) [See also art. هلم] b4: جَرَّ الأَثَرَ, said of a numerous army, means (assumed tropical:) [It made a continuous track, so that] it left no distinct footprints, or intervening [untrodden] spaces. (TA.) b5: جَرَّتِ الخَيْلُ الأَرْضَ بِسَنَابِكِهَا (tropical:) The horses furrowed the ground with their hoofs. (As, A, TA.) b6: جَرَّ جَرِيرَةً, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ and جَرَّ, (K,) but the latter form is disallowed by MF as not authorised by usage nor by analogy, (TA,) inf. n. جَرٌّ, (K,) He committed a crime, or an offence for which he should be punished, or an injurious action, (S, Msb, K, *) against (عَلِى [and إِلَى, as in the K voce جَنَى,]) another or others, (S, K,) or himself; (A, K;) [as though he drew it upon the object thereof;] syn. جَنَى جِنَايَةً. (S, TA.) It is said in a trad., بَايَعَهُ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَجُرَّ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا نَفْسَهُ [He promised, or swore, allegiance to him on the condition that he should not inflict an injury, meaning a punishment, upon him but for an offence committed by himself;] i. e., that he should not be punished for the crime of another, of his children or parent or family. (TA.) b7: جَرَّ الفَصِيلَ: see 4, in two places. b8: [جَرَّ الحَرْفَ فِى الإِعْرَابِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. جَرٌّ, (assumed tropical:) He made the final letter to have kesreh, in inflection; i. q. خَفَضَ, q. v.:] الجَرُّ is used in the conventional language of the Basrees; and الخَفْضُ, in that of the Koofees. (Kull p. 145.) A2: جَرٌّ, (S, A,) inf. n. جَرُورٌ, (K,) (tropical:) She exceeded the [usual] time of pregnancy. (A.) (tropical:) She (a camel) arrived at the time [of the year] in which she had been covered, and then went beyond it some days without bringing forth: (S, TA:) or withheld her fœtus in her womb after the completion of the year, a month, or two months, or forty days only: (K, * TA:) Th says that she sometimes withholds her fœtus [beyond the usual time] a month. (TA. [See also جَرَّتْ.]) (tropical:) She (a mare) exceeded eleven months and did not foal: (K, TA:) the more she exceeds the usual term, the stronger is her foal; and the longest time of excess after eleven months is fifteen nights: accord. to AO, the time of a mare's gestation, after she has ceased to be covered, to the time of her foaling, is eleven months; and if she exceed that time at all, they say of her, اللَّيْلَةُ. (TA.) (tropical:) She (a woman) went beyond nine months without bringing forth, (K, TA,) exceeding that term by four days, or three. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) It (the night, كبد,) was, or became, long. (L in art. كبد.) b3: جَرَّ, aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. جَرٌّ; (K;) and ↓ انجرّ; (K;) (assumed tropical:) He (a camel) pastured as he went along: (IAar. K: [if so, the aor. is contr. to analogy:]) or he rode a she-camel and let her pasture [while going along]. (Kudot;.) b4: جَرَّ النَّوْءُ بِالمَكَانِ (assumed tropical:) The نوء [or auroral setting or rising of a star or asterism supposed to occasion rain] caused lasting rain in the place. (TA.) 2 جَرَّّ see 1, first sentence.3 جارَهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. مُجَارَرَةٌ, (TA,) or مُجَارَّةٌ, (TK,) He delayed, or deferred, with him, or put him off, by promising him payment time after time; syn. طَاوَلَهُ, (S,) or مَا طِلَهُ: (K:) or he put off giving him his due, and drew him from his place to another: (TA:) or i. q. جَانَاهُ, (so in copies of the K,) meaning, he committed a crime against him: (TK:) or حَابَاهُ. (TA, as from the K. [But this seems to be a mistranscription.]) It is said in a trad., لَا تُجَارّ أَخَاكَ وَلَا تُشَارِّهِ, i. e. Delay not, or defer not, with thy brother, &c.: [and do not act towards him in an evil, or inimical, manner; or do not evil to him, obliging him to do the like in return; or do not contend, or dispute, with him:] or bring not an injury upon him: but accord. to one reading, it is لَا تُجَارِهِ, without teshdeed, from الجَرْىBُ, and meaning, contend not with him for superiority. (TA.) 4 اجرّهُ He pierced him with the spear and left it in him so that he dragged it along: (S, K:) or so اجرّهُ الرُّمْحَ: (A, Msb:) as though [meaning] he made him to drag along the spear. (TA.) b2: He put the جَرِير, i. e. the rope, upon his neck. (Har p. 308.) b3: اجرّهُ جَرِيرَهُ [lit. He made him to drag along his rope; meaning,] (tropical:) he left him to pasture by himself, where he pleased: a prov. (L.) And اجرّهُ رَسَنَهُ [lit. He made him to drag along his halter; meaning,] (tropical:) he left him to do as he would: (S, K, TA:) he left him to his affair. (A, TA.) b4: اجرّهُ الدَّيْنَ (tropical:) He deferred for him the payment of the debt: (S, A, K:) he left the debt to remain owed by him. (Msb.) b5: اجرّهُ

أَغَانِىَّ (tropical:) He sang songs to him consecutively, successively, or uninterruptedly; syn. تَابَعَهَا: (S, K, TA:) or (tropical:) he sang to him a song and then followed it up with consecutive songs. (A, TA.) b6: اجرّ لِسَانَ الفَصِيلِ, (S,) or اجرّ الفَصِيلَ, (As, K, *) inf. n. إِجْرَارٌ; (K;) and الفَصِيلَ ↓ جَرَّ, (As K, *) inf. n. جَرٌّ; (K;) (tropical:) He slit the tongue of the young weaned camel, that it might not suck the teat: (S, K, TA:) or إِجْرَارُ الفَصِيلِ signifies (tropical:) the slitting the tongue of the young weaned camel, and tying upon it a piece of stick, that it may not suck the teat; because it drags along the piece of stick with its tongue: or الإِجْرَارُ is like التَّفْلِيكُ, signifying (assumed tropical:) a pastor's making, of coarse hair, a thing like the whirl, or hemispherical head, of a spindle, and then boring the tongue of the [young] camel, and inserting it therein, that it may not suck the teat: so say some: (ISk, TA:) the animal upon which the operation has been performed is said to be ↓ مَجْرُورٌ and ↓ مُجَرٌّ. (TA.) [But sometimes ↓ جَرَّ signifies merely He drew away a young camel from its mother: see خَلِيَّةٌ voce خَلِىٌّ, in three places.] b7: Hence, اجرّ لِسَانَهُ (tropical:) He prevented him from speaking. (A.) 'Amr Ibn-MaadeeKerib Ez-Zubeydee says, فَلَوْ أَنَّ قَوْمِى أَنْطَقَتْنِى رِمَاحُهُمْ نَطَقْتُ وَلٰكِنَّ الرِّمَاحَ أجَرَّتِ [And if the spears of my people had made me to speak, I had spoken; but the spears have prevented speech]: i. e., had they fought, and shown their valour, I had mentioned that, and gloried in it, (S,) or in them; (TA;) but their spears have prevented my tongue from speaking, by their flight. (S, * TA.) A2: اجرّ as an intrans. verb: see 8. b2: اجرّت البِئْرُ (tropical:) The well was, or became, such as is termed جَرُور. (Ibn-Buzurj, TA.) 7 انجرّ It (a thing, S) was, or became, dragged, drawn, pulled, tugged, strained, extended by drawing or pulling or tugging, or stretched; it dragged, or trailed along; syn. اِنْجَذَبَ. (S, K.) b2: See also 1, last sentence but one.8 احترّ and اجدرّ: see 1, in three places.

A2: اجترّ said of a camel, (S, Msb, K,) and any other animal having a كَرِش, (S, TA,) [i. e.] any clovenhoofed animal, (Msb,) He ejected the cud from his stomach and ate it again; ruminated; chewed the cud; (S, * Msb, * K * TA;) as also ↓ اجرّ. (Lh, K.) 10 إِسْتَجْرَ3َ see 1, in two places.

A2: اِسْتَجْرَرْتُ لَهُ (tropical:) I made him to have authority and power over me, (K, TA,) and submitted myself, or became submissive or tractable, to him; (A, K, TA;) as though I became to him one that was dragged, or drawn along. (TA.) b2: استجرّ عَنِ الرَّضَاعِ (assumed tropical:) He (a young camel) refrained from sucking in consequence of a purulent pustule, or an ulcer, in his mouth or some other part. (TA.) R. Q. 1 جَرْجَرَ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. جَرْجَرَةٌ, (S, * K, * TA,) He (a stallion-camel) reiterated his voice, or cry, (S, * Mgh, Msb, K, *) or his braying, (TA,) in his windpipe. (S, * Mgh, Msb, K. *) b2: He, or it, made, or uttered, a noise, sound, cry, or cries; he cried out; vociferated; raised a cry, or clamour. (TA.) It (beverage, or wine,) sounded, or made a sound or sounds, (K, TA,) in the fauces. (TA.) And جَرْجَرَتِ النَّارُ (assumed tropical:) The fire sounded, or made a sound or sounds. (Msb.) A2: Also, (A, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (K,) He poured water down his throat; as also ↓ تَجَرْجَرَ: (K:) or he swallowed it in consecutive gulps, so that it sounded, or made a sound or sounds; (A, Msb, TA;) as also ↓ the latter verb. (K, * TA.) It is said in a trad., (of him who drinks from a vessel of gold or silver, Mgh, TA,) يُجَرْجِرُ فِى بَطْنِهِ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ He shall drink down into his belly the fire of Hell (Az, A, Mgh, Msb) in consecutive gulps, so that it shall make a sound or sounds: (A:) or he shall make the fire of Hell to gurgle reiteratedly in his belly; from جَرْجَرَ said of a stallion-camel. (Mgh.) Most read النارَ, as above; but accord. to one reading, it is النارُ, (Z, Msb,) and the meaning is, (tropical:) The fire of Hell shall produce sounds in his belly like those which a camel makes in his windpipe: the verb is here tropically used; and is masc., with ى, because of the separation between it and النار: (Z, TA:) but this reading and explanation are not right. (Mgh.) b2: You say also, جَرْجَرَهُ المَآءَ He poured water down his throat so that it made a sound or sounds. (K, * TA.) R. Q. 2 see R. Q. 1, in two places.

لَا جَرَ and لَا ذَا جَرَ, for لَا جَرَمَ and لَا ذَا جَرَمَ: see art. جرم.

جَرٌّ (tropical:) The foot, bottom, base, or lowest part, of a mountain; (S, A, K;) like ذَيْلٌ: (A, TA:) or the place where it rises from the plain to the rugged part: (IDrd, TA:) or الجّرُّ أَصْلُ الجَبَلِ is a mistranscription of Fr, and is correctly الجُرَاصِلُ الجَبَلُ [i. e. جُراصِلٌ signifies “a mountain”]: (K:) but جُرَاصِلٌ is not mentioned [elsewhere] in the K, nor by any one of the writers on strange words; and [SM says,] there is evidently no mistranscription: جَرُّ الجَبَلِ occurs in a trad., meaning the foot, &c., of the mountain: and its pl. is جِرَارٌ. (TA.) b2: هَلْمَّ جَرًّا: see 1.

A2: See also جَرَّةٌ.

A3: لَا جَرَّ i. q. لَا جَرَمَ: see art. جرم. (TA.) جَرَّةٌ [A jar;] a well-known vessel; (Msb;) an earthen vessel; a vessel made of potters' clay: (T, IDrd, * S, * K: *) or anything made of clay: (Mgh:) dim. جُرَيْرَةٌ: (TA:) pl. جِرَارٌ (T, S, Mgh, Msb, K) and جَرَّاتٌ (Msb) and ↓ جَرٌّ, (T, S, Msb, K,) [or this last is rather a coll. gen. n., signifying pottery, or jars, &c.,] like تَمْرٌ in relation to تَمْرَةٌ; or, accord. to some, this is a dial. var. of جَرَّةٌ. (Msb.) Beverage of the kind called نَبِيذ made in such a vessel is forbidden in a trad.: (Mgh, TA:) but accord. to IAth, the trad. means a vessel of this kind glazed within, because the beverage acquires strength, and ferments, more quickly in a glazed earthen vessel. (TA.) A2: See also جِرَّةٌ: A3: and see what here next follows.

جُرَّةٌ (S, K) and ↓ جَرَّةٌ (K) A small piece of wood, (K,) or a piece of wood about a cubit long, (S,) having a snare at the head, (S, K,) and a cord at the middle, (S,) with which gazelles are caught: (S, K:) when the gazelle is caught in it, he strives with it awhile, and struggles in it, and labours at it, to escape; and when it has overcome him, and he is wearied by it, he becomes still, and remains in it; and this is what is termed [in a prov. mentioned below] his becoming at peace with it: (S, * TA:) or it is a staff, or stick, tied to a snare, which is hidden in the earth, for catching the gazelle; having cords of sinew; when his fore leg enters the snare, the cords of sinew become tied in knots upon that leg; and when he leaps to escape, and stretches out his fore leg, he strikes with that staff, or stick, his other fore leg and his hind leg, and breaks them. (AHeyth, TA.) نَاوَصَ الجُرَّةَ ثُمَّ سَالَمَهَا He struggled with the جرّة and then became at peace with it [see above] is a prov. applied to him who opposes the counsel, or opinion, of a people, and then is obliged to agree: (S, * TA:) or to him who falls into a case, and struggles in it, and then becomes still. (TA.) And it is said in another prov., هُوَ كَالبَاحِثِ عَنِ الجُرَّةِ [He is like him who searches in the earth for the]. (AHeyth, TA.) In the phrase إِذَا أَفْلَتَتْ مِنْ جُرَّتَيْهَا , in a saying of Ibn-Lisán-el-Hummarah, referring to sheep, [app. meaning When they escape from their two states of danger,] by جرّتيها he means their place of pasture (المَجَرّ) in a severe season [when they are liable to perish], and when they are scattered, or dispersed, by night, and [liable to be] attacked, or destroyed, by the beasts of prey: so says ISk: Az says that he calls their مجر two snares, into which they might fall, and perish. (TA.) جِرَّةٌ A mode, or manner, of dragging, drawing, pulling, tugging, straining, or stretching. (K.) A2: The stomach of the camel, and of a clovenhoofed animal: this is the primary signification: by extension of its meaning, it has the signification next following. (Msb.) b2: The cud which a camel [or cloven-hoofed animal] ejects from its stomach, (Az, S, * IAth, Mgh, Msb, K, *) and eats again, (K,) or chews, or ruminates, (Az, IAth, Msb,) or to chew, or ruminate; (S;) as also ↓ جَرَّةٌ: (K:) it is said to belong to the same predicament as بَعْر. (Mgh.) Hence the saying, لَا أَفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ مَا اخْتَلَفَتِ الدِّرَّةُ وَالجِرَّةُ I will not do that as long as the flow of milk and the cud go [the former] downwards and [the latter] upwards. (S, A. * [See also دِرَّةٌ.]) And اُجْتُلِبَتِ الدِّرَّةُ بِالجِرَّةِ [The flow of milk was procured by the cud]: alluding to the beasts' becoming full of food, and then lying down and not ceasing to ruminate until the time of milking. (IAar, TA.) and لَا يَحْنَقُ عَلَى جِرَّتِهِ (assumed tropical:) He will not bear rancour, or malice, against his subjects:: or, as some say, cross he will not conceal a secret: (TA:) and مَا يَحْنَقُ عَلَى جِرَّةٍ and مَا يَكْظِمُ على جِرَّةٍ (assumed tropical:) he does not speak when affected with rancour, or malice: (TA in art. حنق:) [or the last has the contr. signification: for] لَا يَكْظِمُ عَلَى جِرَّتِهِ means (tropical:) he will not be silent respecting that which is in his bosom, but will speak of it. (TA in art. كظم.) b3: Also The mouthful with which the camel diverts and occupies himself until the time when his fodder is brought to him. (K.) جَرُورٌ (tropical:) A female that exceeds the [usual] time of pregnancy. (A.) (tropical:) A she-camel that withholds her fœtus in her womb, after the completion of the year, a month, or two months, or forty days only; (K, * TA;) or, three months after the year: they are the most generous of camels that do so: none do so but those that usually bring forth in the season called الرَّبِيع (المَرَابِيع); not those that usually bring forth in the season called الصَّيْف (المَصَايِيف): and only those do so that are red [or brown], and such as are of a white hue intermixed with red (الصُّهْب), and such as are ash-coloured: never, or scarcely ever, such as are of a dark gray colour without any admixture of white, because of the thickness of their skins, and the narrowness of their insides, and the hardness of their flesh. (IAar, TA. [See also 1: and see خَصُوفٌ.]) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) A she-camel that is made to incline to, and to suckle, a young one not her own; her own being about to die, they bound its fore legs to its neck, and put upon it a piece of rag, in order that she might know this piece of rag, which they then put upon another young one; after which they stopped up her nostrils, and did not unclose them until the latter young one had sucked her, and she perceived from it the odour of her milk. (L.) b3: Also, applied to a horse, (S, A, K,) and a camel, (K,) (tropical:) That refuses to be led; refractory: (S, A, K:) of the measure فَعُولٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; or it may be in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ: (Az, TA:) or a slow horse, either from fatigue or from shortness of step: (A 'Obeyd, TA:) pl. جُرُرٌ. (TA.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) A woman crippled; or affected by a disease that deprives her of the power of walking: (Sh, K:) because she is dragged upon the ground. (Sh, TA.) b5: بِئْرٌ جَرُورٌ (tropical:) A deep well; (Sh, S, K;) from which the water is drawn by means of the سَانِيَة [q. v.], (S, A,) and by means of the pulley and the hands; like مَتُوحٌ and نَزُوعٌ: (A:) or a well from which the water is drawn [by a man] upon a camel [to the saddle of which one end of the wellrope is attached]; so called because its bucket is drawn upon the edge of the mouth thereof, by reason of its depth. (As, L.) جَرِيرٌ A rope: pl. أَجِرَّةٌ. (Sh, TA.) A rope for a camel, corresponding to the عِذَار of a horse, (S, K,) different from the زِمَام. (S.) Also The nose-rein of a camel; syn. زِمَامٌ: (K:) or a cord of leather, that is put upon the neck of a she-camel: (Msb:) or a cord of leather, like a زمام: and applied also to one of other kinds of plaited cords: or, accord. to El-Hawázinee, [a string] of softened leather, folded over the nose of an excellent camel or a horse. (TA.) [See also خِطَامٌ.]

جِرَارَةٌ The art of pottery: the art of making jars, or earthen vessels. (TA. [See جَرَّةٌ.]) جَرِيرَةٌ A crime; a sin; an offence which a man commits, and for which he should be punished; an injurious action: (S, * Msb, * K, * TA:) syn. ذَنْبٌ, (Msb, K,) and جِنَايَةٌ: (S:) of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ: (Msb:) pl. جَرَائِرُ. (A.) See also what next follows.

فَعَلْتُ كَذَا مِنْ جَرَّاكَ, (S, A, * K, *) and من جَرَّائِكَ, (K,) and من جَرَاك, and من جَرَائِكَ, (S, K,) and ↓ من جَرِيرَتِكَ, (K,) means من أَجْلِكَ, (S, A, K,) i. e., [originally, I did so] in consequence of thy committing it, namely, a crime: and then, by extension of its application, [because of thee, or of thine act &c.; on thine account; for thy sake;] indicating any causation. (Bd in v. 35, in explanation of من جَرَّاكَ and من أَجْلِكَ.) One should not say مِجْرَاكَ, (S,) or بِجْرَاكَ. (A.) جِرِّىٌّ (written in the Towsheeh with fet-h to the ج also, TA,) [The eel;] a kind of fish, (S, K,) long and smooth, (K,) resembling the serpent, and called in Persian مَارْ مَاهِى; said to be a dial. var. of جِرِّيثٌ; (TA;) not eaten by the Jews, (K,) and forbidden to be eaten by 'Alee; (TA;) having no scales: (K:) or any fish having no scales. (Towsheeh, TA.) جِرِّيَّةٌ The stomach, or triple stomach, or the crop, or craw, of a bird; syn. حَوْصَلَةٌ; (S, K;) as also جِرِّيْئَةٌ [q. v.] (K) and قِرِّيَّةٌ. (Az, TA.) You say, ألْقَاهُ فِى جِرِّيَّتِهِ, meaning, (tropical:) He ate it. (A, TA.) See also art. جرى.

جَرَّارٌ A man who leads a thousand. (T, end of art. حفز.) b2: جَيْشٌ جَرَّارٌ, (S, A,) and كَتِيبَةٌ جَرَّارَةٌ, (S, K,) (tropical:) An army, and a troop of horse or the like, that marches heavily, by reason of its numbers: (As, S, K:) or dragging along the apparatus of war: (A:) or numerous. (TA.) A2: A potter; a maker of jars, or earthen vessels. (TA. [See جَرَّةٌ.]) جَرَّارَةٌ A small, (S, A, K, TA,) yellow, (A, TA,) female (TA) scorpion, (S, A, K, TA,) like a piece of straw, (TA, [thus I render على شكل التبنة, but I think that there must be here some mistranscription, as the words seem to be descriptive of form,]) that drags its tail; (S, K;) for which reason it is thus called; one of the most deadly of scorpions to him whom it stings: (TA:) pl. جَرَّارَاتٌ. (A, TA.) جَرَّانُ: see جَارٌّ, last sentence.

جَرْجَرٌ The thing [or machine] of iron with which the reaped corn collected together is thrashed. (K.) [See نَوْرَجٌ and مِدْوَسٌ.]

A2: See also جِرْجِرٌ.

جِرْجِرٌ: see جَرْجَارٌ.

A2: Also The bean; or beans; syn. فُولٌ; (S, K;) and so جَرْجَرٌ: (K:) of the dial. of the people of El-'Irák. (TA.) b2: See also جِرْجِيرٌ.

جَرْجَرةٌ, an onomatopœia: (Msb:) A sound which a camel reiterates in his windpipe: (S, K:) the sound made by a camel when disquieted, or vexed: (TA:) the sound of pouring water into the throat: (TA:) or the sound of the descent of water into the belly: (IAth, TA:) or the sound of water in the throat when drunk in consecutive gulps. (Msb.) [See R. Q. 1.]

جَرْجَارٌ A camel that reiterates sounds in his windpipe: (S:) or a camel that makes much noise [or braying]; as also ↓ جِرْجِرٌ and ↓ جُرَاجِرٌ. (K.) b2: The sound of thunder. (K.) A2: A certain plant, (S, K,) of sweet odour; (S;) a certain herb having a yellow flower. (AHn, TA.) جُرْجُورٌ A large, or bulky, camel: (K:) pl. جَرَاجِرُ, (Kr, K,) without ى [before the final letter], though by rule it should be with ى, except in a case of poetic necessity. (TA.) And, as a pl., Large, or bulky, camels; as also [its pl.] جَرَاجِرُ: (S:) or large-bellied camels: (TA:) and generous, or excellent, camels: (K, TA:) and a herd, or collected number, (K, TA,) of camels: (TA:) and مَائَةٌ جُرْجُورٌ a complete hundred (K, TA) of camels. (TA.) جِرْجِيرٌ (S, K) and ↓ جِرْجِرٌ (K) [The herb eruca, or rocket;] a certain leguminous plant, (S, K,) well known: (K;) a plant of which there are two kinds; namely, بَرَّىّ [i. e. eruca sylvestris, or wild rocket], and بُسْتَانِىّ [i. e. eruca sativa, or garden-rocket]; whereof the latter is the better: its water, or juice, removes scars, and causes milk to flow, and digests food: (TA:) AHn says that the جِرْجِير is the بَاقِلَّى [q. v.]; and that the جِرجِير مِصْرِىّ is the تُرْمُس: [but see this last word.] (TA in art. ترمس.) جَرْجَارَةٌ A mill, or mill-stone; syn. رَحًى: (K:) because of its sound. (TA.) جُرَاجِرٌ: see جَرْجَارٌ. b2: Also That drinks much; (K; [in the CK misplaced;]) applied to a camel: you say إِبِلٌ جُرَاجِرَةٌ. (IAar, TA.) b3: And hence, (TA,) Water that makes a noise. (K.) جَارٌّ [act. part. n. of 1; Dragging, drawing, &c.]. b2: جَارُّ الضَّبُعِ (tropical:) Rain that draws the hyena from its hole by its violence: or the most violent rain; as though it left nothing without dragging it along: (TA:) or rain that leaves nothing without making it to flow, and dragging it along: (IAar, TA:) or the torrent that draws forth the hyena from its hole: (A:) and in like manner, الضَّبُعِ ↓ مَجَرُّ the torrent that has torn up the ground; as though the hyena were dragged along in it. (IAar, Sh, TA.) You say also مَطَرٌ جَارُّ الضَّبُعِ, and مَطْرَةٌ جَارَّةُ الضَّبُعِ. (A.) b3: إِبِلٌ جَارَّةٌ (tropical:) Working camels; because they drag along burdens; (A, Mgh;) or tropically so called because they are dragged along by their nose-reins: (Mgh:) or camels that are dragged along by their nosereins: (S, K, TA: [but in the copies of the S, and in those of the K, in my possession, تَجُرُّ is put for تُجَرُّ, though the latter is evidently meant, as is shown by what here follows:]) جارّة is of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ: it is like as when you say عِيشَةٌ رَاضَيَةٌ in the sense of مَرْضِيَّةٌ, and مَآءٌ دَافِقٌ in the sense of مَدْفُوقٌ: (S:) or it means such as carry goods, or furniture and utensils, and wheat, or food. (Az, TA voce حَانٌّ, q. v.) It is said in a trad. that there is no poor-rate (صَدَقَة) in the case of such camels, (S, Mgh,) because they are the ridingcamels of the people; for the poor-rate is in the case of pasturing camels, exclusively of the working. (S.) b4: لَا جَارَّ لِى فِى هٰذَا (tropical:) There is no profit for me in this to attract me to it. (A, TA.) A2: حَارٌّ جَارٌّ is an expression in which the latter word is an imitative sequent to the former; (S, K;) but accord. to A 'Obeyd, it was more common to say حَارٌّ يَارٌّ, with ى: (S:) and one says also ↓ حَرَّانُ يَرَّانُ جَرَّانُ. (TA in art. حر.) جِوَرٌّ is mentioned by Az in this art., meaning Rain that draws along everything: and rain that occasions the herbage to grow tall: and a large and heavy [bucket of the kind called] غَرْب; explained in this sense by AO: and a bulky camel; and, with ة, in like manner applied to a ewe: Fr says that the و in this word may be considered as augmentative or as radical. (TA.) [See also art. و.]

جَارَّةٌ [fem. of جَارٌّ, q. v.: and, as a subst.,] A road to water. (K.) جَارُورٌ A river, or rivulet, of which the bed is formed but a torrent. (S, * K, * TA.) الأَجَرَّانِ The jinn, or genii, and mankind. (IAar, K.) مَجَرٌّ [The place, or track, along which a thing is, or has been, dragged, or drawn]. You say, رَأَيْتُ مَجَرَّ ذَيْلِهِ [I saw the track along which his hinder skirt had been dragged]. (A.) See also المَجَرَّةُ: and جَارٌّ. b2: A place of pasture. (TA.) b3: The جَائِز [or beam] upon which are placed the extremities of the عَوَارِض [or rafters]. (K) مُجَرٌّ: see 4, in the latter portion of the paragraph.

المَجَرَّةُ (tropical:) [The Milky Way in the sky;] the شَرَج of the sky; (K;) the whiteness that lies across in the sky, by the two sides of which are the نَسْرَانِ [or two constellations called النَّسْرُ الطَّائِرُ and النَّسْرُ الوَاقِعُ]: or [the tract called] الطَّرِيقُ المَحْسُوسةُ [which is probably the same; or the tract], in the sky, along which (مِنْهَا) the [wandering] stars [or planets] take their ways: (TA:) or the gate of Heaven: (K:) so called because it is like the trace of the مَجَرّ [or place along which a thing has been dragged, or drawn]. (S.) Hence the prov., تُرْطِبْ هَجَرْ ↓ سِطِى مَجَرْ (tropical:) Reach the middle of the sky, O milky way, (مجر being for مجرّة,) and the palm-trees of Hejer will have ripe dates. (A, * TA.) مَجْرُورٌ [pass. part. n. of 1]: see 4, latter portion.

طلسم

Entries on طلسم in 6 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Arabic-English Lexicon by Edward William Lane, Ibn Manẓūr, Lisān al-ʿArab, Ibn Sīda al-Mursī, Al-Muḥkam wa-l-Muḥīṭ al-Aʿẓam, and 3 more

طلسم

Q. 1 طَلْسَمَ He (a man) made his face to be displeasing, or odious; (M, L, TA;) he contracted it; or made it austere, or morose: and so طَرْمَسَ, and طَلْمَسَ, (L, TA,) and طَرْسَمَ. (TA in art. طلمس.) b2: And He (a man) bent down his head; or lowered his eyes, looking towards the ground; or was, or became, silent; syn. أَطْرَقَ: and so طَرْسَمَ. (S in art. طرسم; and TA.) b3: [And, accord. to Golius, He receded, or drew back, from fight; followed by عَنْ: (one of the significations assigned in the K to طَرْسَمَ:) he mentions this as on the authority of J: perhaps he found it in a copy of the S in art. طرمس (in which الطَّرْمَسَةُ is expl. as meaning الاِنْقِبَاضُ and النُّكُوصُ), or in some other art. of that work in which I do not remember to have seen it.

A2: Also He sculptured, engraved, or inscribed, a thing with talismanic devices or characters. and He charmed, or guarded, or preserved, by means of a talisman. See what follows.]

طِلَسْمٌ, or, accord. to MF, طِلَّسْمٌ, [also written طَلِسْمٌ, and طِلِسْمٌ, and طِلِّسْمٌ, and طَلْسَمٌ, and طَلْسِمٌ, and طِلْسَمٌ,] said by MF to be a Pers\., or foreign, word; [perhaps from a late usage of the Greek τέλεσμα;] but [SM says] in my opinion it is Arabic; a name for A concealed secret; [i. e. a mystery: hence our word talisman: accord. to common modern usage, it signifies mystical devices or characters, astrological or of some other magical kind: and a seal, an image, or some other thing, upon which such devices, or characters, are engraved or inscribed; contrived for the purpose of preserving from enchantment or from a particular accident or from a variety of evils, or to protect a treasure with which it is deposited, or (generally by its being rubbed) to procure the presence and services of a Jinnee, &c.:] pl. طَلَاسِمُ (TA) [and طِلَسْمَاتٌ or طِلَّسْمَاتٌ &c.].

ب

Entries on ب in 10 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī, al-Nihāya fī Gharīb al-Ḥadīth wa-l-Athar, Habib Anthony Salmone, An Advanced Learner's Arabic-English Dictionary, Al-Khalīl b. Aḥmad al-Farāhīdī, Kitāb al-ʿAin, and 7 more
ب alphabetical letter ب

The second letter of the alphabet: called بَآءٌ and بَا; (TA in باب الالف الليّنة;) the latter of which forms is used in spelling; like as are its analogues, as تا [and ثا] and حا [and خا and را] and طا [and ظا and فا and ها] and يا; because in this case they are not generally regarded as nouns, but as mere sounds: (Sb, M:) [these are generally pronounced with imáleh, i. e. bé, té, &c., with the exception of حا, خا, طا, and ظا; and when they are regarded as nouns, their duals are بَيَانِ, تَيَانِ, &c.:] the pl. of بَآءٌ is بَآءَاتٌ; and that of بَا is أَبْوَآءٌ (TA ubi suprà.) It is one of the letters termed مَجْهُورَه [or vocal, i. e. pronounced with the voice, and not with the breath only]; and of those termed شَفَهِيَّة [or labial]; and of those termed ذُلْق [or pronounced with the extremity of the tongue or the lips]: Kh says that the letters of the second and third classes above mentioned [the latter of which comprises the former] are those composing the words رُبَّ مَنْ لَفَّ; and on account of their easiness of utterance, they abound in the composition of words, so that no perfect quinqueliteral-radical word is without one or more of them, unless it is of the class termed مُوَلَّد, not of the classical language of the Arabs. (TA at the commencement of باب البآء.)

b2: In the dial. of Mázin, it is changed into م; (TA ubi suprà;) as in بَكَّةُ, which thus becomes مَكَّةُ [the town of Mekkeh]. (TA in باب الالف الليّنة.)

A2: بِ is a preposition, or particle governing the gen. case; (S, Mughnee, K;) having kesr for its invariable termination because it is impossible to begin with a letter after which one makes a pause; (S;) or, correctly speaking, having a vowel for its invariable termination because it is impossible to begin with a quiescent letter; and having kesr, not fet-h, to make it accord with its government [of the gen. case], and to distinguish between it and that which is both a noun and a particle. (IB.) It is used to denote adhesion (Sb, T, S, M, Mughnee, K) of the verb to its objective complement, (S,) or of a noun or verb to that to which it is itself prefixed; (TA;) and adjunction, or association: (Sb, T:) and some say that its meaning of denoting adhesion is inseparable from it; and therefore Sb restricted himself to the mention of this meaning: (Mughnee:) or Sb says that its primary meaning is that of denoting adhesion and mixture. (Ibn-Es-Sáïgh, quoted in a marginal note in a copy of the Mughnee.) It denotes adhesion [&c.] in the proper sense; (Mughnee, K;) as in أَمْسَكْتُ بِزَيْدٍ, (M, Mughnee, K,) meaning I laid hold upon, or seized, [Zeyd, or] somewhat of the body of Zeyd, or what might detain him, as an arm or a hand, or a garment, and the like; whereas أَمْسَكْتُهُ may mean I withheld him, or restrained him, from acting according to his own free will: (Mughnee:) and it denotes the same in a tropical sense; (Mughnee, K;) as in مَرَرْتُ بِزَيْدٍ [I passed by Zeyd]; (S, Mughnee, K;) as though meaning I made my passing to adhere to Zeyd; (S;) or I made my passing to adhere to a place near to Zeyd: accord. to Akh, it is for مَرَرْتُ عَلَىِ زَيْدٍ; but مَرَرْتُ بِهِ is more common than مَرَرْتُ عَلَيْهِ, and is therefore more properly regarded as the original form of expression: (Mughnee:) accord. to F, the vowel of this preposition is kesr [when it is prefixed to a noun or a pronoun]; or, as some say, it is fet-h when it is with a noun properly so called; as in مَرَّ بَزَيْدٍ: so in the K; this being the reverse of what they have prescribed in the case of [the preposition]

ل: but in the case of ب, no vowel but kesr is known. (MF.) It denotes the same in the saying بِهِ دَآءٌ [In him is a disease; i. e. a disease is cleaving to him]: and so [accord. to some] in أَقْسَمْتُ باللّٰهِ [I swore, or, emphatically, I swear, by God; and similar phrases, respecting which see a later division of this paragraph]. (L.) So, too, in أَشْرَكَ باللّٰهِ, because meaning He associated another with God: and in وَكَّلْتُ بِفُلَانٍ, meaning I associated a وَكِيل [or factor &c.] with such a one. (T.) [And so in other phrases here following.] عَلَيْكَ بِزَيْدٍ Keep thou to Zeyd: or take thou Zeyd. (TA voce عَلَى.) عَلَيْكَ بِكَذَا Keep thou to such a thing: (El-Munáwee:) or take thou such a thing. (Ham p. 216.) فَبَهَا وَنَعْمَتْ Keep thou to it, فبها meaning فَعَلَيْكَ بِهَا, (Mgh in art. نعم,) [or let him keep to it, i. e. فَعَلَيْهِ بِهَا,] or thou hast taken to, or adopted and followed, or adhered to, the established way, or the way established by the Prophet, i. e. فَبِالسُّنَّةِ أَخَذَتَ, (Mgh,) or he hath taken to, &c., i. e. فَبِالسُّنَّةِ أَخَذَ, (IAth, TA in art. نعم,) or by this practice, or action, is excellence attained, or he will attain excellence, i. e. فَبِهٰذِهِ الخَصْلَةِ أَوِ الفَعْلَةِ يُنَالُ الفَضْلُ, or يَنَالُ الفَضْلَ; (IAth ubi suprà;) and excellent is the practise, the established way, or the way established by the Prophet, ونعمت meaning وَنِعْمَتِ الخَصْلَةُ السُّنَّةُ, (Mgh,) or and excellent is the practice, or the action, i. e. وَنِعْمَتِ الخَصْلَةُ, (S and K in art. نعم,) or وَنِعْمَتِ الخَصْلَةُ أُوِ الفَعْلَةُ: (IAth ubi suprà:) and it also occurs in a trad., where the meaning is [He who hath done such a thing hath adhered to the ordinance of indulgence; and excellent is the practice, or action, &c.: for here فبها is meant to imply] فَبِالرَّخْصَةِ أَخَذَ. (TA in the present art. See also art. نعم.)

b2: It is also used to render a verb transitive; (Mughnee, K;) having the same effect as hemzeh [prefixed], in causing [what would otherwise be] the agent to become an objective complement; as in ذَهَبْتُ بِزَيْدٍ syn. with أَذْهَبْتُهُ [I made Zeyd to go away; or I took him away]; (Mughnee;) and hence, [in the Kur ii. 16,] ذَهَبَ اللّٰهُ بِنُورِهِمْ

[God taketh away their light]; (Mughnee, K;)

which refutes the assertion of Mbr and Suh, that ذَهَبْتُ بِزَيْدٍ means [I went away with Zeyd; i. e.] I accompanied Zeyd in going away. (Mughnee.) J says that any verb that is not trans. you may render so by means of بِ and ا [prefixed] and reduplication [of the medial radical letter]: you say, طَارَ بِهِ and أَطَارَهُ and طَيَّرَهُ [as meaning He made him to fly, or to fly away]: but IB says that this is not correct as of common application; for some verbs are rendered trans. by means of hemzeh, but not by reduplication; and some by reduplication, but not by hemzeh; and some by ب, but not by hemzeh nor by reduplication: you say, دَفَعْتُ زَيْدًا بِعَمْرٍو [as meaning I made ' Amr to repel Zeyd, lit. I repelled Zeyd by ' Amr], but not أَدْفَعْتُهُ nor دَفَّعْتُهُ. (TA.)

b3: It also denotes the employing a thing as an aid or instrument; (S, M, * Mughnee, K; *) as in كَتَبْتُ بِالقَلَمِ [I wrote with the reed-pen]; (S, Mughnee, K;) and نَجَرْتُ بِالقَدُومِ [I worked as a carpenter with the adz]; (Mughnee, K;) and ضَرَبْتُ بالسَّيْفِ [I struck with the sword]. (M.) And hence the بِ in بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ, (Mughnee, K,) accord. to some, because the action [before which it is pronounced] is not practicable in the most perfect manner but by means of it: (Mughnee:) but others disallow this, because the name of God should not be regarded as an instrument: (MF, TA:) and some say that the ب here is to denote beginning, as though one said, أَبْتَدَأُ بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ [I begin with the name of God]. (TA.)

b4: It also denotes a cause; as in إِنَّكُمْ ظَلَمْتُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ بِاتِّخَاذِكُمُ الْعِجْلَ [Verily ye have wronged yourselves by, i. e. because of, your taking to yourselves the calf as a god (Kur ii. 51)]; and in فَكُلًّا أَخَذْنَا بِذَنْبِهِ [And every one of these we have punished for, i. e. because of, his sin (Kur xxix. 39)]; (Mughnee, K) and in لَنْ يَدْخُلَ أَحَدَكُمُ الجَنَّةَ بِعَمَلِهِ [Not any of you shall enter Paradise by, or for, or because of, his works]. (TA from a trad.) And so in لَقَيتُ بِزَيْدٍ الأَسَدَ I met, or found, by reason of my meeting, or finding, Zeyd, the lion: (Mughnee:) or the ب in this instance denotes comparison; [i. e. I met, or found, in Zeyd the like of the lion;] as also in رَأَيْتُ بِفُلَانٍ القَمَرَ [I saw in such a one the like of the moon]. (TA.) Another ex. of the same usage is the saying [of a poet], قَدْ سُقِيَتْ آبَالُهُمْ بِالنَّارِ وَالنَّارُ قَدْ تَشْفِى مِنَ الأُوَارِ

[Their camels had been watered because of the brand that they bore: for fire, or the brand, sometimes cures of the heat of thirst]; i. e., because of their being branded with the names [or marks] of their owners, they had free access left them to the water. (Mughnee. See also another reading of this verse voce نَارٌ.) [In like manner] it is used in the sense of مِنْ أَجْلِ [which means بِسَبَبِ (Msb in art. اجل)] in the saying of Lebeed, غُلْبٌ تَشَذَّرَ بِالذُّحُولِ كَأَنَّهَا جِنُّ البَدِىِّ رَوَاسِياً أَقْدَامُهَا 

(S) Thick-necked men, like lions, who threatened one another because of rancorous feelings, as though they were the Jinn of the valley El-Bedee, [or of the desert, (TA in art. بدو,)] their feet standing firm in contention and obstinate altercation. (EM pp. 174 and 175.) It is also used to denote a cause when prefixed to أَنَّ and to مَا as in ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللّٰهِ [That was because they used to disbelieve in the signs of God]; and in ذٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوْا [That was because they disobeyed]: both instances in the Kur ii. 58. (Bd.)

b5: It is also used to denote concomitance, as syn. with مَعَ; (Mughnee, K;) as in اِشْتَرَيْتُ الفَرَسَ بِلِجَامِهِ وَسَرْجِهِ [I bought the horse with his bit and bridle and his saddle]; (TA;) and in لَمَّا رَآنِى بِالسَّلَاحِ هَرَبَ, i. e. When he saw me advancing with the weapon, [he fled;] or when he saw me possessor of a weapon; (Sh, T;) and in اِهْبِطْ بِسَلَامٍ [Descend thou with security, or with greeting (Kur xi. 50)]; and in وَقَدْ دَخَلُوا بِالْكُفْرِ

[They having entered with unbelief (Kur v. 66)]; (Mughnee, K;) بالكفر being a denotative of state. (Bd.) Authors differ respecting the ب in the saying, فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ, in the Kur [xv. 98 and ex. 3]; some saying that it denotes concomitance, and that حمد is prefixed to the objective complement, so that the meaning is, سَبِّحْهٌ حَامِدًا لَهُ

[Declare thou his (thy Lord's) freedom from everything derogatory from his glory, praising Him], i. e. declare thou his freedom from that which is not suitable to Him, and ascribe to Him that which is suitable to Him; but others say that it denotes the employing a thing as an aid or instrument, and that حمد is prefixed to the agent, so that the meaning is, سَبِّحْهُ بِمَا حَمِدَ بِهِ نَفْسَهُ

[declare thou his (thy Lord's) freedom from everything derogatory from his glory by means of ascribing to Him that wherewith He hath praised himself]: and so, too, respecting the saying, سُبْحَانَكَ اللّٰهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ; some asserting that it is one proposition, the, being redundant; but others saying, it is two propositions, the و being a conjunction, and the verb upon which the ب is dependent being suppressed, so that the meaning is, [I declare thy freedom from everything derogatory from thy glory, 0 God,] وَبِحَمْدِكَ سَبَّحْتُكَ

[and with the praising of Thee, or by means of the praise that belongeth to Thee, I declare thy freedom &c.]. (Mughnee. [Other explanations of these two phrases have been proposed; but those given above are the most approved.]) Youalso say, عَلَىَّ بِهِ, meaning Bring thou him, [i. e.] come with him, to me. (Har p. 109.) ضَاقَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ, in the Kur ix. 119, means بِرُحْبِهَا

[i. e. The earth became strait to them, with, meaning notwithstanding, its amplitude, or spaciousness]. (Bd.) Sometimes the negative لا intervenes between بِ [denoting concomitance] and the noun governed by it in the gen. case; [so that بِلَا signifies Without;] as in جِئْتُ بِلَا زَادٍ [I came without travelling-provision]. (Mughnee and K in art. لا.)

b6: It is also syn. with فِى before a noun signifying a place or a time; (Mughnee, * K, * TA;) as in جَلَسْتُ بِالمَسْجِدِ [I sat in the mosque]; (TA;) and وَلَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللّٰهُ بِبَدْرٍ [and verily God aided you against your enemies at Bedr (Kur iii. 119)]; and نَجَّيْنَاهُمْ بِسَحَرٍ [We saved them a little before daybreak (Kur liv. 34)]: (Mughnee, K, TA:) and so in بِأَيِّكُمُ الْمَفْتُونُ (T, K,) in the Kur [lxviii. 6], (TA,) accord. to some, (T, Mughnee,) i. e. In which of you is madness; or in which of the two parties of you is the mad: (Bd:) or the ب is here redundant; (Sb, Bd, Mughnee;) the meaning being which of you is he who is afflicted with madness. (Bd. [See also a later division of this paragraph.])

b7: It also denotes substitution; [meaning Instead of, or in place of;] as in the saying [of the Hamásee (Mughnee)], فَلَيْتَ لِى بِهِمُ قَوْمًا إِذَا رَكِبُوا شَنَّوا الإِغَارَةَ فُرْسَانًا وَرُكْبَانَا

[Then would that I had, instead of them, a people who, when they mounted their beasts, poured the sudden attack, they being horsemen and camel-riders]; (Ham p. 8, Mughnee, K;) i. e., بَدَلًا بِهِمْ (TA:) but some read شَدُّوا الإِغَارَةَ, [and so it is in some, app., the most correct, of the copies of the Mughnee,] for شَدُّوا لِلْإِغَارِةِ [hastened for the making a sudden attack]. (Ham, Mughnee.)

So, too, in the saying, اِعْتَضْتُ بِهٰذِا الثَّوْبِ خَيْرًا مِنْهُ

[I received, in the place of this garment, or piece of cloth, one better than it]; and لَقِيتُ بِزَيْدٍ بَحْرًا

[I found, in the place of Zeyd, a man of abundant generosity or beneficence]; and هٰذَا بِذَاكِ [This is instead, or in the place, of that; but see another explanation of this last phrase in what follows]. (The Lubáb, TA.)

b8: It also denotes requital; or the giving, or doing, in return; (Mughnee, K;) and in this case is prefixed to the word signifying the substitute, or thing given or done in exchange [or return; or to the word signifying that for which a substitute is given, or for which a thing is given or done in exchange or return]; (Mughnee;) as in the saying, اِشْتَرَيْتُهُ بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ [I purchased it for a thousand dirhems]; (Mughnee, K; *) [and in the saying in the Kur ix. 112, إِنَّ اللّٰهَ اشْتَرى مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ بِأَنَّ لَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ Verily God hath purchased of the believers their souls and their possessions for the price of their having Paradise;] and كَافَأْتُ إِحْسَانَهُ بِضِعْفٍ

[I requited his beneficence with a like beneficence, or with double, or more], (Mughnee,) or كَافأْتُهُ بِضِعْفِ إِحْسَانِهِ [I requited him with the like, or with double the amount, or with more than double the amount, of his beneficence], (K,) but the former is preferable; (TA;) [and خَدَمَ بِطَعَامِ بِطْنِهِ (S and A &c. in art. وغد) He served for, meaning in return for, the food of his belly;] and هٰذَا بِذَاكَ وَلَا عَتْبٌ عَلَى الزَّمَنِ

[This is in return for that, (an explanation somewhat differing from one in the next preceding division of this paragraph,) and no blame is imputable to fortune]: and hence, اُدْخُلُوا الجَنَّةَ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ [Enter ye Paradise in return for that which ye wrought (Kur xvi. 34)]; for the ب here is not that which denotes a cause, as the Moatezileh assert it to be, and as all [of the Sunnees] hold it to be in the saying of the Prophet, لَنْ يَدْخُلَ أَحَدُكُمُ الجَنَّةَ بِعَمَلِهِ [before cited and explained]; because what is given instead of something is sometimes given gratuitously; and it is evident that there is no mutual opposition between the trad. and the verse of the Kurn. (Mughnee.)

b9: It is also syn. with عَنْ; and is said to be peculiar to interrogation; as in فَاسْأَلْ بِهِ خَبِيرًا

[And ask thou respecting Him, or it, one possessing knowledge (Kur xxv. 60)]; (Mughnee, K;) and accord. to IAar in the Kur lxx. 1; (T;) and in the saying of ' Alkameh, فَإِنْ تَسْأَلُونِى بِالنِّسَآءِ فَإِنَّنِي بَصِيرٌ بِأَدْوَآءِ النِّسَآءِ خَبِيرُ

[And if ye ask me respecting the diseases of women, verily I am knowing in the diseases of women, skilful]: (A' Obeyd, TA:) or it is not peculiar to interrogation; as in وَيَوْمَ تَشَقَّقُ السَّمَآءُ بِالْغَمَامِ [And the day when the heavens shall be rent asunder from the clouds (Kur xxv. 27)]; (Mughnee, K) and مَا غَرَّكَ بِرَبِّكَ (K) i. e. What hath beguiled thee from thy Lord, and from believing in him? in the Kur lxxxii. 6; and so in the same, lvii. 13: (TA: [but see art. غر:]) 

or, accord. to Z, the ب in بالغمام means by, as by an instrument; (Mughnee;) or it means because of, or by means of, the rising of the clouds therefrom: (Bd:) and in like manner the Basrees explain it as occurring in فَاسْأَلْ بِهِ خَبِيرًا, as denoting the cause; and they assert that it is never syn. with عَنْ; but their explanation is improbable. (Mughnee.)

b10: It is also syn. with عَلَىِ; as in إِنْ تِأْمَنْهُ بِقِنْطَارٍ (Mughnee, K *) or بِدِينَارٍ (S) [If thou give him charge over a hundredweight or over a deenár (Kur iii. 68)]; like as عَلَى is sometimes put in the place of بِ as after the verb رَضِىَ: (S, TA:) and so in لَوْ تُسَوَّى بِهِمُ الْأَرْضُ [That the ground were made even over them], in the Kur [iv. 45], (TA,) i. e. that they were buried; (Bd) and in مَرَرْتُ بِزَيْدٍ

[I passed by Zeyd], accord. to Akh, as before mentioned; (Mughnee, in the first division of the art. on this preposition;) and in زَيْدٌ بِالسَّطْحِ [Zeyd is on the roof]; (TA;) and in a verse cited in this Lex. voce ثَعْلَبٌ. (Mughnee.)

b11: It also denotes part of a whole; (Msb in art. بعض

Mughnee, K;) so accord. to As and AAF and others; (Msb, Mughnee;) as syn. with مِنْ (Msb, TA:) IKt says; the Arabs say, شَرِبْتُ بِمَآءِ

كَذَا, meaning مِنْهُ [I drank of such a water]; and Az mentions, as a saying of the Arabs, سَقَاكَ اللّٰهُ مِنْ مَآءِ كَذَا, meaning بِهِ [May God give thee to drink of such a water], thus making the two prepositions syn.: (Msb: [in which five similar instances are cited from poets; and two of these are cited also in the Mughnee:]) and thus it signifies in عَيْنًا يَشْرَبُ بِهَا عِبَادُ اللّٰهِ [A fountain from which the servants of God shall drink, in the Kur lxxvi. 6; and the like occurs in lxxxiii. 28]; (Msb, Mughnee, K;) accord. to the authorities mentioned above; (Mughnee;) or the meaning is, with which the servants of God shall satisfy their thirst (يَرْوَى بِهَا); (T, Mughnee;) or, accord. to Z, with which the servants of God shall drink wine: (Mughnee:) if the ب were redundant, [as some assert it to be, (Bd,)] the meaning would be, that they shall drink the whole of it; which is not right: (Msb:) thus, also, it is used in وَامْسَحُوا بِرُؤُسِكُمْ [in the Kur v. 8], (Msb, Mughnee, K,) accord. to some; (Mughnee;) i. e. [and wipe ye] a part of your heads; and this explanation has been given as on the authority of EshSháfi'ee; but he is said to have disapproved it, and to have held that the ب here denotes adhesion: (TA:) this latter is its apparent meaning in this and the other instances: or, as some say, in this last instance it is used to denote the employing a thing as an aid or instrument, and there is an ellipsis in the phrase, and an inversion; the meaning being, اِمْسَحُوا رُؤُسَكُمْ بِالمَآءِ [wipe ye your heads with water]. (Mughnee.)

b12: It is also used to denote swearing; (Mughnee, K;) and is the primary one of the particles used for this purpose; therefore it is peculiarly distinguished by its being allowable to mention the verb with it, (Mughnee,) as أُقْسِمُ بِاللّٰهِ لَأَفْعَلَنَّ [I swear by God I will assuredly do such a thing]; (Mughnee, K) and by its being prefixed to a pronoun, as in بِكَ لَأَفْعَلَنَّ [By thee I will assuredly do such a thing]; and by its being used in adjuring, or conjuring, for the purpose of inducing one to incline to that which is desired of him, as in باللّٰهِ هَلْ قَامَ زَيْدٌ, meaning I adjure thee, or conjure thee, by God, to tell me, did Zeyd stand? (Mughnee.) [See also the first explanation of this particle, where it is said, on the authority of the L, that, when thus used, it denotes adhesion.]



b13: It is also syn. with إِلَي as denoting the end of an extent or interval; as in أَحْسَنَ بِى, meaning He did good, or acted well, to me: (Mughnee, K:) but some say that the verb here imports the meaning of لَطَفَ [which is trans. by means of ب, i. e. he acted graciously, or courteously, with me]. (Mughnee.)

b14: It is also redundant, (S, Mughnee, K,) to denote corroboration: (Mughnee, K:) and is prefixed to the agent: (Mughnee:) first, necessarily; as in أَحْسِنْ بِزَيْدٍ; (Mughnee, K;) accord. to general opinion (Mughnee) originally أَحْسَنَ زَيْدٌ, i. e. صَارَ ذَا حُسْنٍ [Zeyd became possessed of goodness, or goodliness, or beauty]; (Mughnee, K; *) or the correct meaning is حَسُنَ

زَيْدٌ [Good, or goodly, or beautiful, or very good &c., is Zeyd! or how good, or goodly, or beautiful, is Zeyd!], as in the B: (TA:) secondly, in most instances; and this is in the case of the agent of كَفَى; as in كَفَى بِاللّٰهِ شَهِيدًا [God sufficeth, being witness, or as a witness (Kur xiii., last verse; &c.)]; (Mughnee, K [and a similar ex. is given in the S, from the Kur xxv. 33;]) the ب here denoting emphatic praise; but you may drop it, saying, كَفَى اللّٰهُ شَهِيدًا: (Fr, TA:) thirdly, in a case of necessity, by poetic licence; as in the saying, أَلَمْ يَأْتِيكَ وَالأَنْبَآءُ تَنْمِى بِمَا لَاقَتْ لَبُونُ بَنِى زِيَادِ

[Did not what the milch camel of the sons of Ziyád experienced come to thee (يَأْتِيكَ being in like manner put for يَأْتِكَ) when the tidings were increasing?]. (Mughnee, K.) It is also redundantly prefixed to the objective complement of a verb; as in وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْديكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ

[And cast ye not yourselves (بأيديكم meaning بِأَنْفُسِكُمْ) to perdition (Kur ii. 191)]; and in وَهُزِّى إِلَيْكِ بِجِذْعِ النَّخْلَةِ [And shake thou towards thee the trunk of the palm-tree (Kur xix. 25)]: but some say that the former means and cast ye not yourselves (أَنْفُسَكُمْ being understood) with your hands to perdition; or that the meaning is, by means, or because, of your hands: (Mughnee:) and ISd says that هُزِّى, in the latter, is made trans. by means of ب because it is used in the sense of جُزِّى: (TA in art هز:) so, too, in the saying, نَضْرِبُ بِالسَّيْفِ وَ نَرجُو بِالفَرَجْ

[We smite with the sword, and we hope for the removal of grief]: (S, Mughnee:) and in the trad., كَفَي بِالمَرْءِ كَذِبًا أَنْ يُحَدِّثَ بِكُلِّ مَا سَمِعَ

[It suffices the man in respect of lying that he relate all that he has heard]. (Mughnee.) It is also redundantly prefixed to the inchoative; as in بِحَسْبِكَ [when you say, بِحَسْبِكَ دِرْهَمٌ, meaning A thing sufficing thee is a dirhem; a phrase which may be used in two ways; as predicating of what is sufficient, that it is a dirhem; and as predicating of a dirhem, that it is sufficient; in which latter case, بحسبك is an enunciative put before its inchoative, so that the meaning is, a dirhem is a thing sufficing thee, i. e. a dirhem is sufficient for thee; as is shown in a marginal note in my copy of the Mughnee: in the latter way is used the saying, mentioned in the S, بِحَسْبِكَ قَوْلُ السَّوْءِ A thing sufficing thee is the saying what is evil: and so, app., each of the following sayings, mentioned in the TA on the authority of Fr; حَسْبُكَ بِصَدِيقِنَا A person sufficing thee is our friend; and نَاهِيكَ بِأَخِينَا

A person sufficing thee is our brother: the ب is added, as Fr says, to denote emphatic praise]: so too in خَرَجْتُ فَإِذِا بِزَيْدٍ [I went forth, and lo, there, or then, was Zeyd]; and in كَيْفَ بِكَ إِذَا كَانَ كَذَا [How art thou, or how wilt thou be, when it is thus, or when such a thing is the case?]; and so, accord. to Sb, in بِأيِّكُمُ الْمَفْتُونُ

[mentioned before, in explanation of بِ as syn. with فِى]; but Abu-l-Hasan says that بأيّكم is dependent upon اِسْتِقْرَار suppressed, denoting the predicate of اَلمفتون; and some say that this is an inf. n. in the sense of فِنْنَةٌ; [so that the meaning may be, بأَيِّكُمُ المَفْتُونُ مُسْتَقِرٌّ In which of you is madness residing?]; or, as some say, بِ is here syn. with فِى [as I have before mentioned], (Mughnee.) A strange case is that of its being added before that which is originally an inchoative, namely, the noun, or subject, of لَيْسَ, on the condition of its being transferred to the later place which is properly that of the enunciative; as in the reading of some, xxx لَّيْسَ الْبِرَّ بِأَنْ تُوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ قِبَلَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ xxx

[Your turning your faces towards the east and the west is not obedience (Kur ii. 172)]; with البرّ in the accus. case. (Mughnee.) It is also redundantly prefixed to the enunciative; and this is in two kinds of cases: first, when the phrase is not affirmative; and cases of this kind may be followed as exs.; as لَيْسَ زَيْدٌ بِقَائِمٍ [Zeyd is not standing]; and وَمَا اللّٰهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ [And God is not heedless of that which ye do (Kur ii. 69, &c.)]: secondly, when the phrase is affirmative; and in cases of this kind, one limits himself to what has been heard [from the Arabs]: so say Akh and his followers; and they hold to be an instance of this kind the phrase, جَزَآءُ سَيِّئَةٍ بِمِثْلِهَا [The recompense of an evil action is the like thereof (Kur x. 28)]; and the saying of the Hamásee, وَمَنْعُكَهَا بِشَىْءٍ يُسْتَطَاعُ

[And the preventing thee from having her (referring to a mare) is a thing that is possible]: but it is more proper to make بمثلها dependent upon اِسْتِقْرَار suppressed, as the enunciative; [the meaning being, جَزَآءُ سَيَّئَةٍ مُسْتَقِرٌّ بِمِثْلِهَا, or يَسْتَقِرُّ بِمِثْلِهَا, i. e. the recompense of an evil action is a thing consisting in the like thereof]; and to make بشىء dependent upon منعكها; the meaning being, وَ مَنْعُكَهَا بِشَىْءٍ مَّا يُسْتَطَاعُ [i. e. and the preventing thee from having her, by something, is possible: see Ham p. 102 ]: Ibn-Málik also

[holds, like Akh and his followers, that بِ may be redundant when prefixed to the enunciative in an affirmative proposition; for he] says, respecting بِحَسْبِكَ زَيْدٌ, that زيد is an inchoative placed after its enunciative, [so that the meaning is, Zeyd is a person sufficing thee,] because زَيْدٌ is determinate and حَسْبُكَ is indeterminate. (Mughnee. [See also what has been said above respecting the phrase بِحَسْبِكَ دِرْهَمٌ, in treating of بِ as added before the inchoative.]) It is also redundantly prefixed to the denotative of state of which the governing word is made negative; as in فَمَا رَجَعَتْ بِخَائِبَةٍ رِكَابٌ حَكِيمُ بْنُ المُسَيَّبِ مُنْتَهَاهَا

[And travelling-camels (meaning their riders) returned not disappointed, whose goal, or ultimate object, was Hakeem the son of El-Museiyab]; and in فَمَا انْبَعَثْتَ بِمَزْؤُدٍ وَ لَا وَكَلِ

[And thou didst not, being sent, or roused, go away frightened, nor impotent, committing thine affair to another]: so says Ibn-Málik: but AHei disagrees with him, explaining these two exs. as elliptical; the meaning implied in the former being, بِحَاجَةٍ خَائِبَةٍ [with an object of want disappointed, or frustrated]; and in the second, بِشَخْصٍ مَزْؤُودٍ, i. e. مَذْعُورٍ [with a person frightened]; the poet meaning, by the مزؤود, himself, after the manner of the saying, رَأَيْتُ مِنْهُ أَسَدًا; and this is plain with respect to the former ex., but not with respect to the second; for the negation of attributes of dispraise denoted as intensive in degree does not involve the negation of what is simply essential in those attributes; and one does not say, لَقِيتُ مِنْهُ أَسَدًا, or بَحْرًا, [or رَأَيْتُ مِنْهُ أَسَدًا, as above, or بَحْرًا,] but when meaning to express an intensive degree of boldness, or of generosity. (Mughnee.) It is also redundantly prefixed to the corroborative نَفْسٌ and عَيْنٌ: and some hold it to be so in يَتَرَبَّنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ [as meaning Shall themselves wait (Kur ii. 228 and 234)]: but this presents matter for consideration; because the affixed pronoun in the nom. case, [whether expressed, as in this instance, in which it is the final syllable نَ, or implied in the verb,] when corroborated by نَفْس, should properly be corroborated first by the separate [pronoun], as in قُمْتُمْ أَنْتُمْ أَنْفُسُكُمْ [Ye stood, ye, yourselves]; and because the corroboration in this instance is lost, since it cannot be imagined that any others are here meant than those who are commanded to wait: [the preferable rendering is, shall wait to see what may take place with themselves:] بأنفسهنّ is added only for rousing them the more to wait, by making known that their minds should not be directed towards the men. (Mughnee.) Accord. to some, it is also redundantly prefixed to a noun governed in the gen. case [by another preposition]; as in فأَصْبَحْنَ لَا يَسْأَلْنَهُ عَنْ بِأَبِهِ

And they became in a condition in which they asked him not respecting his father; which may perhaps be regarded by some as similar to the saying, يَضْحَكْنَ عَنْ كَالبَرَدِ المُنْهَمِّ

but in this instance, كَ is generally held to be a noun, syn. with مِثْل]. (The Lubáb, TA.)

b15: Sometimes it is understood; as in اللّٰه لافعلنّ

[i. e. اللّٰهِ لَأَفْعَلَنَّ and اللّٰهَ لَأَفْعَلَنَّ By God, I will assuredly do such a thing; in the latter as well as the former, for a noun is often put in the accus.

case because of a preposition understood; or, accord. to Bd, in ii. 1, a verb significant of swearing is understood]: and in خَيْرٍ [for بِخَيْرٍ

In a good state], addressed to him who says, كَيْفَ أَصْبَحْتَ [How hast thou entered upon the time of morning? or How hast thou become?]. (TA.)

b16: [It occurs also in several elliptical phrases; one of which (فَبِهَا وَ نِعْمَتْ) has been mentioned among the exs. of its primary meaning: some are mentioned in other arts.; as بِأَبِى and بِنَفْسِى, in arts. ابو and نفس: and there are many others, of which exs. here follow.] Mohammad is related, in a trad., to have said, after hitting a butt with an arrow, أَنَا بهَا أَنَا بهَا, meaning أَنَا صَاحِبُهَا [I am the doer of it! I am the doer of it!]. (Sh, T.) And in another trad., Mohammad is related to have said to one who told him of a man's having committed an unlawful action, لَعَلَّكَ بِذٰلِكِ, meaning لَعَلَّكَ صَاحِبُ الأَمْرِ [May-be thou art the doer of that thing]. (T.) And in another, he is related to have said to a woman brought to him for having committed adultery or fornication, مَنْ بِكِ, meaning مَنْ صَاحِبُكِ [Who was thine accomplice?]: (T:) or مَنِ الفَاعِلُ بِكِ

[Who was the agent with thee?]. (TA.) أَنَا بِكَ وَلَكَ, occurring in a form of prayer, means I seek, or take, refuge in Thee; or by thy right disposal and facilitation I worship; and to Thee, not to any other, I humble myself. (Mgh in art. بوا.)

One says also, مَنْ لِى بِكَذَا, meaning Who will be responsible, answerable, amenable, or surety, to me for such a thing? (Har p. 126: and the like is said in p. 191.) And similar to this is the saying, كَأَنِّى بِكَ, meaning كَأَنِّي أَبْصُرُ بِكَ

[It is as though I saw thee]; i. e. I know from what I witness of thy condition to-day how thy condition will be to-morrow; so that it is as though I saw thee in that condition. (Idem p. 126.) [You also say, كَأَنَّكَ بِهِ, meaning Thou art so near to him that it is as though thou sawest him: or it is as though thou wert with him: i. e. thou art almost in his presence.]

b17: The Basrees hold that prepositions do not supply the places of other prepositions regularly; but are imagined to do so when they admit of being differently rendered; or it is because a word is sometimes used in the sense of another word, as in شَرِبْنَ بِمَآءِ البَحْرِ meaning رَوِينَ, and in أَحْسَنَ بِى meaning لَطَفَ; or else because they do so anomalously. (Mughnee.)

A3: [As a numeral, ب denotes Two.]

دفتر

Entries on دفتر in 8 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Zayn al-Dīn al-Razī, Mukhtār al-Ṣiḥāḥ, Ibn Manẓūr, Lisān al-ʿArab, Arabic-English Lexicon by Edward William Lane, and 5 more

دفتر



دَفْتَرٌ (S, Msb, K, &c.) and دِفْتَرٌ, (Lh, Fr, Msb, K,) like دِرْهَمٌ, (TA,) [A register;] a number of leaves put, or joined, together: (S, M, K:) or an account-book; syn. جَرِيدَــةٌ حِسَابٍ: (Msb:) or a written book: and it may be met. applied to a blank book, like دَفْتَرٌ أَبْيَضُ: (Mgh:) [it is a Persian word, arabicized; though asserted to be] an Arabic word, but, as IDrd says, of unknown derivation; and by some of the Arabs, [namely, the Benoo-Asad, (Fr, TA in art. تفتر,)] pronounced تَفْتَرٌ: (Msb:) pl. دَفَاتِرُ: (S, Mgh:) of which the dim. is دُفَيْتِرَاتٌ. (Mgh.) دُفَيْتِرَاتٌ: see above.

فرقد

Entries on فرقد in 6 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Ismāʿīl bin Ḥammād al-Jawharī, Tāj al-Lugha wa Ṣiḥāḥ al-ʿArabīya, Arabic-English Lexicon by Edward William Lane, Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes by Reinhart Dozy, and 3 more

فرقد



فَرْقَدٌ A calf: (S:) accord. to Aboo-Kheyreh, after he has become about two months old: (TA voce عِجْلٌ:) or the calf of a wild cow; as also ↓ فُرْقُودٌ: (IAar, O, L, K:) fem. فَرْقَدَةٌ. (L.) b2: And الفَرْقَدُ (O, L, K) and ↓ الفُرْقُودُ (O, K) (assumed tropical:) The asterism (نَجْم) by which one directs his course (O, K) by sea and by land; (O;) two stars [b and y of Ursa Minor]; (L, K;) also called (in poetry, O, K, [and generally in prose,]) الفَرْقَدَانِ; (O, L, K;) thus in a verse cited voce إِلَّا; (O;) they are two stars near the قُطْب [or pole-star]; (S, L;) two stars that never set, revolving round the جَدْى [or pole-star], both in Ursa Minor; (L;) the two bright stars of the four that form the angles of a quadrilateral figure in Ursa Minor; (Kzw;) also called by the Arabs الفَرَاقِدُ [which is the pl. of الفَرْقَدُ]. (L.) A2: And فَرْقَدُ signifies also A level, or an even, land. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) فُرْقُودٌ: see above, first and second sentences.
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