سر

ى1 سَرَى, (S, M, K,) or سَرَى اللَّيْلَ (Msb) and بِاللَّيْلِ, (Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـْ (K,) inf. n. سُرًى (S, M, Mgh, K) and مَسْرًى (S, K) and سَرْيَةٌ and سُرْيَةٌ (M, K) and سِرَايَةٌ; (S, * and TA as from the K, but not in the CK nor in my MS. copy of the K;) the first of a form rare among inf. ns., because it is one of the forms of pls., as is shown by the fact that some of the Arabs make it and هُدًى fem., namely, Benoo-Asad, supposing them to be pls. of سُرْيَةٌ and هُدْيَةٌ, (S,) and Lh knew not سُرًى but as a fem. noun; (M;) or the inf. n. is سَرْىٌ, and سُرْيَةٌ and سَرْيَةٌ are more special [in meaning, as will be shown below, voce سَرْيَةٌ], and سُرًى is pl. of سُرْيَةٌ; (Msb;) or سَرْيَةٌ is an inf. n. un., and سُرْيَةٌ is a simple subst., and so is سُرًى, (S, TA,) and so is سِرَايَةٌ (Msb, TA) also, as some say; (TA;) He journeyed, or travelled, by night, or in the night, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) in a general sense; (M, K;) accord. to Az, in the first part part of the night, and in the middle thereof, and in the last part thereof; (Msb, TA;) and ↓ اسرى signifies the same (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) in the dial. of El-Hijáz, (S, Msb,) inf. n. إِسْرَآءٌ; (M;) as also ↓ استرى; (M, K;) and perhaps ↓ تسرّى likewise. (Mgh.) [See also سُرًى and سَرْيَةٌ below.] It is said in a prov., ذَهَبُوا إِسْرَاءَ ↓ قُنْفُذٍ‏ [They went away in the manner of a hedge-hog's night-travelling; meaning they went away by night]; because the قنفذ goes all the night, not sleeping. (M.) b2: [Hence, as denoting unseen progress,] it is said also of the root of a tree, meaning It crept along beneath the ground; (Az, M, K;) aor. as above, (M,) inf. n. سَرْىٌ. (TA.) b3: And it is said of ideal things, as being likened to corporeal things; tropically, and by extension of the signification; (Msb, TA;) or metaphorically; [as, for instance,] of calamities, and wars, and anxieties: (M, TA:) and the predominant inf. ns. [in these cases] are سِرَايَةٌ and سَرَيَانٌ. (TA.) One says, سَرَى عِرْقُ السُّوْءِ فِى الإِنْسَانِ (tropical:) [The root, or strain, of evil crept in the man]. (Es-Sarakustee, Msb, TA.) And سَرَى فِيهِ السَّمُّ (tropical:) [The poison crept in him, or pervaded him]; and similarly one says of wine; and of the like of these two things. (El-Fárábee, Msb, TA. [See also دَبَّ.]) And the lawyers say, سَرَى الجُرْحُ إِلَى النَّفْسِ (tropical:) [The wound extended to the soul], meaning that the pain of the wound continued until death ensued in consequence thereof: (Mgh, * Msb, TA:) and قُطِعَ كَفُّهُ فَسَرَى إِلَى سَاعِدِهِ (tropical:) [His hand was cut off, and it extended to his upper arm], meaning that the effect of the wound passed by transmission: and سَرَى التَّحْرِيمُ, and العِتْقُ, (tropical:) The prohibition, and the emancipation, [extended, or] passed by transmission: phrases current among the lawyers, but not mentioned in books of repute, though agreeable with others here preceding and following. (Msb, TA.) One says also, سَرَى عَلَيْهِ الهَمُّ (tropical:) Anxiety came to him [or upon him] by night: and سَرَى هَمُّهُ (tropical:) His anxiety went away. (Msb, TA.) and similar to these is the phrase in the Kur [lxxxix. 3], وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَسْرِ (tropical:) And by the night when it goes away: (Msb, TA:) or, as some say, when one journeys in it; like as one says لَيْلٌ نَائِمٌ meaning “ night in which one sleeps: ” the [final] ى [of the verb] is elided because it terminates a verse. (TA.) b4: It is made trans. by means of ب: (Msb:) one says, سَرَى بِهِ [He made him to journey, or travel, or he transported him, by night, or in the night; or it may be rendered he journeyed, or travelled, with him, by night, or in the night]; (M, Msb, K;) and in like manner, [and more commonly,] بِهِ ↓ أَسْرَى; (S, M, Msb, K;) and ↓ أَسْرَاهُ; (S, M, K;) like as one says, أَخَذَ بِالخِطَامِ as well as اخذ الخِطَامَ. (S.) As to the saying in the Kur [17:1], سُبْحَانَ الَّذِى أَسْرَى بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلًا [Extolled be the glory of Him who transported his servant by night!], it is an instance of corroboration, (S, K, * TA,) like the saying, سِرْتُ أَمْسِ نَهَارًا and البَارِحَةَ لَيْلًا: (S, TA:) or the meaning is [simply] سَيَّرَهُ: (K, TA:) accord. to 'Alam-ed-Deen Es-Sakháwee, لَيْلًا is added, although الإِسْرَآء is not otherwise than by night, because the space over which he was transported is not to be traversed in less than forty days, but was traversed by him in one night; as though the meaning [intended] were, فِى لَيْلٍ وَاحِدٍ; and it denotes wonder: لَيْلًا is here used instead of لَيْلَةً because when they say سَرَى لَيْلَةً the meaning generally is he occupied the whole of the night in journeying: Er-Rághib holds the verb in this instance to be from سَرَاةٌ signifying “ a wide tract of land,” to belong to art. سرو, and to be like أَجْبَلَ and أَتْهَمَ; the meaning being, who transported his servant over a wide tract of land: but this is strange. (TA.) A2: سَرَى مَتَاعَهُ, (M, K,) aor. ـْ (M, TA,) inf. n. سَرْىٌ, (TA,) He threw his goods, or utensils and furniture, upon the back of his beast. (M, K.) b2: And سَرَى عَنِّى الثَّوْبَ, inf. n. سَرْىٌ, He removed from over me the garment: but و is more approved [as the final radical: see 1 in art, سرو]. (M, TA.) You say, سَرَيْتُ الثَّوْبَ and ↓ سَرَّيْتُهُ I pulled off the garment: and عَنْهُ ↓ سُرِّىَ It was removed from over him, and removed from its place: the teshdeed denotes intensiveness. (TA.) 2 سرّى, (K,) or سرّى سَرِيَّةً, (TA,) inf. n. تَسْرِيَةٌ, He (the leader of an army, TA) detached a سَرِيَّة [q. v.] (K, TA) to the enemy by night. (TA.) b2: سرّى العَرَقَ عَنْ بَدَنِهِ, inf. n. as above, He exuded the sweat from his body. (TA.) b3: See also 1, last sentence, in two places.4 أَسْرَىَ see 1, in the former half of the paragraph, in two places: b2: and again, in the latter half, in three places. b3: See also 4 in art. سرو.5 تَسَرَّىَ see 1, first sentence.8 إِسْتَرَىَ see 1, first sentence.

سُرًى, [said by some to be an inf. n., by some to be a simple subst., and by some to be pl. of سُرْيَةٌ, or supposed to be so, and therefore made fem., as mentioned in the first sentence of this art.,] meaning A journeying, or travelling, by night, or in the night, in a general sense, is masc. and fem., (M, K,) by some of the Arabs made fem., (S,) and not known to Lh but as a fem. noun. (M.) It is said in a prov., عِنْدَ الصَّبَاحِ يَحْمَدُ القَوْمُ السُّرَى

[At daybreak, the party commend night-journeying]: applied to the man who endures difficulty, or distress, or fatigue, hoping for rest, or ease: (Meyd:) and in inciting to labour for the accomplishment of an affair with patience, and to dispose and subject the mind, until one commends the result thereof. (Har p. 555, q. v.) سَرَاةٌ: see art. سرو.

سَرْيَةٌ and ↓ سُرْيَةٌ are inf. ns. of سَرَى: (M, K:) or have a more special signification than the inf. n. of that verb, which is سَرْىٌ: one says, سَرَيْنَا سَرْيَةً مِنَ اللَّيْلِ and ↓ سُرْيَةً [We journeyed by night a journey of the night]: and the pl. of ↓ سُرْيَةٌ is [said to be] سُرًى: (Msb:) or one says, سَرَيْنَا سَرْيَةً وَاحِدَةً [We journeyed by night a single night-journey]: and the subst. [signifying a journeying, or travelling, by night, or in the night,] is ↓ سُرْيَةٌ, and سُرًى. (S, TA.) سُرْيَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in four places.

سِرْيَةٌ meaning An arrow-head, (As, M, TA,) such as is small, short, round and smooth, having no breadth, (M, TA,) is a dial. var. of سِرْوَةٌ [q. v.], (As, TA,) or formed from the latter word by the substitution of ى for و because of the kesreh: (M, TA:) accord. to the K, ↓ سَرِيَّةٌ signifies a small round arrow-head; but this is a mistake; the correct word being سِرْيَةٌ, with kesr, and without teshdeed to the ى. (TA.) A2: It is also a dial. var. of سِرْوَةٌ signifying The locust in its first state, when it is a larva. (S in art. سرو.) سَرَآءٌ A certain tree, (AHn, S, M, K,) from which bows are made, (AHn, S, M,) the wood whereof is of the best of woods, and which is of the trees of the mountains: (AHn, M:) ElGhanawee El-Aarábee says, the نَبْع and شَوْحَط [q. v.] and سَرَآء are one: (TA in art. شحط:) [it is also mentioned in the TA in art. سرأ:] n. un.

سَرَآءَةٌ. (M, K.) سَرِىٌّ i. q. نَهْرٌ [A river, &c.]: (Th, M:) or a rivulet, or streamlet: (S, M, Msb:) or a rivulet running to palm-trees: (M, K:) pl. [of pauc.]

أَسْرِيَةٌ (S, M, K) and [of mult.] سُرْيَانٌ: (Sb, S, M, Msb, K:) أَسْرِيَآءُ as its pl. has not been heard. (S.) Thus it has been expl. as occurring in the Kur xix. 24. (M, TA.) A2: See also art. سرو.

سَرِيَّةٌ A portion of an army: (S, Msb:) of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ; because marching by night, privily; (Mgh, Msb;) thus originally, and afterwards applied also to such as march by day: (Ham p. 45:) or it may be from الاِسْتِرَآءُ “ the act of choosing, or selecting; ” because a company chosen from the army: (Mgh: [but if so, belonging to art. سرو:]) from five persons to three hundred: (M, K:) or four hundred: (K:) or, of horsemen, about four hundred: (M:) or the best thereof, (S,) or the utmost, (Nh,) consists of four hundred: (S, Nh:) or, accord. to the “ Fet-h el-Bári,” from a hundred to five hundred: (TA:) or nine, and more than this; three, and four, and the like being termed طَلِيعَةٌ, not سَرِيَّةٌ: but it is related of the Prophet that he sent a single person as a سَرِيَّة: (Mgh:) the pl. is سَرَايَا (S, Msb) and سَرِيَّاتٌ. (Msb.) A2: See also سِرْيَةٌ.

سِرَايَةٌ A journeying, or travelling, by night, or in the night: (S, Msb, TA:) an inf. n.; (TA as from the K; [see 1, first sentence;]) or a simple subst. (Msb, TA.) سَرَيَانِىٌّ, from the inf. n. سَرَيَانٌ, Pervasive: occurring in philosophical works, and probably post-classical.]

السُّرْيَانِيَّةُ The Syriac language.]

سَرَّآءٌ One who journeys much, or often, by night. (K.) سَارٍ Journeying, or travelling, by night, or in the night, in a general sense: (M, TA: *) pl. سُرَاةٌ. (TA.) b2: Hence, because of his going [about] by night, (TA,) السَّارِى signifies The lion; as also ↓ المُسَارِى and ↓ المُسْتَرِى. (K, TA.) سَارِيَةٌ A party, or company of men, journeying by night. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b2: And A cloud that comes by night: (S, Msb:) or clouds that travel by night: (K:) or a cloud that is between that which comes in the early morning and that which comes in the evening: [perhaps thus termed as having previously travelled in the night:] or, accord. to Lh, a rain that comes in the night: (M, TA:) pl. سَوَارِى [app. a mistranscription for سَوَارٍ, being indeterminate]. (K, TA.) b3: One says, جَآءَ صَبِيحَةَ سَارِيَةٍ He came in the morning of a night in which was rain. (TA.) b4: and the pl. السَّارِيَاتُ signifies The asses: (M:) or the wild asses: (TA:) because they rest not by night: (M:) or because they pasture by night. (TA.) A2: Also A column, syn. أُسْطُوَانَةٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) of stone, or of baked bricks; so in the “ Bári': ” (TA:) pl. سَوَارٍ. (Mgh.) b2: [And A mast: see حَنَّ and صَرَّ: and see also صَارِيَةٌ.]

أَسْرَى [More, and most, used to night-journeying]. أَسْرَى مِنْ قُنْفُذٍ [More used to go about by night than a hedge-hog] is a prov. of the Arabs. (TA.) [See also the same word in art. سرو.]

مَسْرًى may be a n. of place and a n. of time, [signifying A place, and a time, of night-journeying,] as well as an inf. n. (Ham p. 23.) It is [used also in a larger sense, as] syn. with مَذْهَبٌ [A place, and a time, of going &c.: a way by which one goes &c.]. (Har p. 540.) المُسَارِى: see سَارٍ, above.

المُسْتَرَى: see سَارٍ, above.

المُتَسَرِّى He who goes forth in, or among, the [company termed] سَرِيَّة. (IAth, TA.)

عبث

1 عَبَثَهُ, aor. ـِ (S, A, * O, K, *) inf. n. عَبْثٌ, (S, O,) He mixed, or mingled, (S, A, O, K,) it. (S, O.) b2: [Hence,] عَبَثَ, aor. as above, (K,) and so the inf. n., (S, O,) He made, or prepared, عَبِيثَة [q. v.]: (S, O, K:) or so عَبَثَ عَبِيثَةً; as also ↓ أَعْبَثَهَا. (O.) One says, عَبَثَتِ المَرْأَةُ, meaning The woman poured out what was moist of the [preparation of curd called] أَقِط, when it was cooked, on what was dry thereof, upon the [mat, or cloth, called] مَشَرّ, or مِشَرّ, [the former accord. to the O and a copy of the S, and the latter accord. to another copy of the S,] in order that what was dry thereof might bear [and not suffer to pass through the مشرّ] what was moist. (Aboo-Sá'id El-Kilábee, S, O.) And عَبَثَ الأَقِطَ, aor. and inf. n. as above, He dried the اقط in the sun: or he mixed it with clarified butter: and غَبَثَهُ, with غ, is a dial. var. thereof. (TA.) A2: عَبِثَ, aor. ـَ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) inf. n. عَبَثٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) He played, or sported; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) and mingled together unprofitable actions; (Mgh;) or and did that in which was no profit; (Msb;) or he played with that which did not concern him and for which he did not care. (TA.) You say, عَبِثَ بِهِ He played, or sported, [or amused himself,] with him, or it; (TA;) and به ↓ تعبّث [which signifies the same]. (Ham p. 710.) b2: And عَبِثَ بِهِ الدَّهْرُ (assumed tropical:) [Fortune made sport with him]; a phrase alluding to the mutability of fortune. (Msb.) b3: and عَبِثَ فِى مَنَامِهِ, occurring in a trad., means (assumed tropical:) He moved his hands, or arms, in his sleep, like him who is pushing away or taking, or giving or receiving. (TA.) 4 أَعْبَثَ see 1, second sentence.5 تَعَبَّثَ see 1, last sentence but two.

عَبَثٌ Play, or sport, (S, O, TA,) in which is no profit to be reckoned, or of which no account is to be made. (TA.) [See also عَبِْثَ, of which it is the inf. n.]

عَبْثَةٌ, with the ب quiescent, A single act of عَبَث [or play, sport, &c.]. (S, O.) عَبِيثٌ: see عَبِثَةٌ. b2: Also, in a certain dial., i. q. مَصْلٌ [q. v.: accord. to ISk, this latter means The fluid that flows from أَقِط when it is cooked]. (L, TA) A2: Also A certain sweet-smelling plant. (O, K.) عَبِيثَةٌ [The preparation of curd called] أَقِط whereof what is moist is poured out, when it is cooked, upon what is dry thereof, and mixed with it: (Aboo-Sá'id El-Kilábee, S, O:) or أَقِطٌ مُعَالَجٌ [i. e. اقط prepared by mixing, or otherwise, app. in the manner described above]: (K: [see also 1, third sentence:]) and أَقِط and سَوِيق [or meal of parched barley or wheat] mixed with clarified butter, and then eaten: (S, O:) or أَقِط mixed with clarified butter: and أَقِط pounded with dates, or with dried dates, and then eaten, and drunk; as also ↓ عَبِيثٌ: (TA:) or it signifies, (K,) or signifies also, (S, O,) طَعَام [app. meaning wheat] which is cooked, and in which locusts (جَرَاد) are put: (S, O, K:) and wheat and barley mixed together: so in the saying, جَآءَ فُلَانٌ بِعَبِيثَةٍ فِى وِعَائِهِ [Such a one came with wheat and barley mixed together in his provision-bag]: pl. عَبَائِثُ. (S, O.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) Sheep, or goats, mixed together. (TA.) One says, ظَلَّتِ الغَنَمُ عَبِيثَةً وَاحِدَةً (assumed tropical:) [The sheep, or goats, became one mixed flock or herd]; and so بَكِيلَةً وَاحِدَةً: this is when sheep, or goats, meet others and enter among them and become mixed with them: it is a proverb. (S, O.) b3: And عَبِيثَةُ النَّاسِ (assumed tropical:) The mixed sorts of men or of the people, (S, O, K, TA,) who are not from one ancestor, and who are congregated from various, or sundry, places. (TA.) b4: And عَبِيثَةٌ signifies also (tropical:) One whose line of ancestors is mixed (AO, S, O, K, TA) and vitiated. (S, O.) عِبِّيثٌ One who plays, or sports, much, or often. (K. [In the O written عَبِيثٌ, but said in the K to be like سِكِّينٌ, perhaps a mistranscription for سِكِّيتٌ.]) عَابِثٌ [as part. n. of عَبِثَ] Playing, or sporting, (Msb, TA,) with that which does not concern him and for which he does not care, (TA,) and doing that in which is no profit. (Msb.) خَصِيفٌ عَوْبَثَانِىٌّ Flour and clarified butter and dates mixed with fresh milk: so it is said to mean in the following verse: إِذَا مَا الخَصِيفُ العَوْبَثَانِىُّ سَآءَنَا تَرَكْنَاهُ وَاخْتَرْنَا السَّدِيفَ المُسَرْهَدَا

[When the mess of flour and clarified butter and dates mixed with fresh milk displeases us, we leave it, and choose the fat camel's hump, or the camel's hump cut in pieces]: (S, O: [see also خَصِيفٌ:]) this verse is by Náshireh Ibn-Málik, replying to El-Mukhabbal, who reproached him for feeding upon milk. (IB, TA.)

عبد

1 عَبَدَ اللّٰهَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عِبَادَةٌ (IKtt, L, Msb, &c.) and عُبُودَةٌ and عُبُودِيَّةٌ (IKtt) and مَعْبَدٌ and مَعْبَدَةٌ, (L,) He served, worshipped, or adored, God; rendered to Him religious service, worship, or adoration: (L:) or he obeyed God: (IKtt:) or he obeyed God with humility or submissiveness; rendered to Him humble, or submissive, obedience: (IAth, L, Msb:) [or, inf. n. عِبَادَةٌ, he did what God approved: and, inf. n. عُبُودَةٌ, he approved what God did: (see the former of these ns. below:)] the verb is used in these senses only when the object is God, or a false god, or the Devil. (TA.) A2: عَبَدْتُ بِهِ أُوذِيهِ I was excited against him to annoy, molest, harm, or hurt, him. (O, K.) b2: And مَا عَبَدَكَ عَنِّى What has withheld thee from me? (IAar, L.) A3: عَبُدَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عُبُودَةٌ and عُبُودِيَّةٌ, accord. to Lh and IKtt, but A'Obeyd held that there is no verb to these two ns., He was, or became, a slave, or in a state of slavery: or he was, or became, in a state of slavery, his fathers having been so before him; as also ↓ عُبِّدَ. (L.) b2: Lth read [in the Kur v. 65] وَعَبُدَ الطَّاغُوتُ; explaining the meaning to be, Et-Tághoot having become an object of worship; and saying that عَبُدَ, here, is a verb similar to ظَرُفَ and فَقُهَ: but Az says that in this he has committed a mistake. (L.) A4: عَبِدَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَبَدٌ (and عَبَدَةٌ, or this is a simple subst., L), He was, or became, angry; (Fr, S, O, * L, Msb, K;) [and so ↓ تعبّد, in the Deewán of Jereer, accord. to Freytag;] like أَبِدَ and أَمِدَ and أَحِنَ: (Fr:) and he was long angry. (L.) You say, عَبِدَ عَلَيْهِ He was angry with him. (Fr.) And ElFarezdak makes it trans. without a prep., saying يَعْبَدُنِى. (L.) b2: He disdained, or scorned. (Az, S, O, L.) El-Farezdak says, وَأَعْبَدُ أَنْ أَهْجُو كُلَيْبًا بِدَارِمِ [And I disdain to satirize Kuleyb with Dárim: the former being unworthy to be coupled with the latter even as an object of satire]. (S, O, L.) [See also عَبِدٌ.] b3: He denied, disacknowledged, or disallowed. (O, K.) [See, again, عَبِدٌ.] b4: He repented, and blamed himself, (O, K, TA,) for having been remiss, or having fallen short of doing what he ought to have done. (TA.) b5: He mourned, grieved, or was sorrowful. (L.) b6: He was covetous; or inordinately, or culpably, desirous. (O, K.) And عَبِدَ بِهِ He clave, or kept, to it, or him, inseparably. (L.) b7: And, (O, L, K,) said of a camel, (L,) He was, or became, affected with mange, or scab: (L:) or with incurable mange or scab: (O, L:) or with severe mange or scab. (K.) 2 عبّدهُ, (S, * A, O, ast; Msb, K, *) inf. n. تَعْبِيدٌ; (S, O, K;) and ↓ اعبدهُ, (S, A, O, K,) inf. n. إِعْبَادٌ; (S;) and ↓ تعبّدهُ, and ↓ اعتبدهُ, (S, O, K,) and ↓ استعبدهُ; (S, * O, * Msb, K; *) He made him, or took him as, a slave; he enslaved him: (S, A, O, Msb, K:) or عبّدهُ and ↓ اعبدهُ (TA) and ↓ تعبّدهُ and ↓ اعتبدهُ (A) he made him to be as a slave to him. (A, TA.) See also 1, former half. You say [also] الطَّمَعُ ↓ استعبدهُ Covetousness made him a slave. (A.) And فُلَانًا ↓ أَعْبَدَنِى He made me to posses such a one as a slave: (A, O, Msb, K:) so accord. to Lth: but Az says that the meaning of أَعْبَدْتُ فُلَانًا as commonly known to the lexicologists is اِسْتَعْبَدْتُهُ: he adds, however, that he does not deny the meaning assigned by Lth if it can be verified. (L.) مُحَرَّرًا ↓ اِعْتَبَدَ, occurring in a trad., or as some relate it, ↓ أَعْبَدَ, means He took an emancipated man as a slave: i. e. he emancipated a slave, and then concealed the act from him, or confined him, and made him to serve him by force; or he took a freeman, and pretended that he was a slave, and took possession of him by force. (L.) b2: عبّدهُ also signifies He brought him under, (namely, a man,) subdued him, or rendered him submissive, so that he did the work of slaves. (Az, TA.) عبّد, inf. n. as above, is syn. with ذَلَّلَ. (S, O.) [And hence it has also the following significations, among others indicated by explanations of its pass. part. n. below. b3: He rendered a camel submissive, or tractable. b4: And He beat, or trod, a road, or path, so as to make it even, or easy to walk or ride upon.]

A2: عبّد [as intrans.], inf. n. as above, He departed, taking fright, and running away, or going away at random: (O, K:) or he hastened, or went quickly. (TA.) And عبّد يَعْدُو He hastened time after time, running. (TA.) b2: مَا عَبَّدَ أَنْ فَعَلَ ذَاكَ, (inf. n. as above, S,) He delayed not, or was not slow, to do, or in doing, that. (S, O, K. *) 4 اعبد as trans.: see 2, former half, in four places.

A2: اعبدوا They collected themselves together; assembled together. (K.) b2: اعبد القَوْمُ بِالرَّجُلِ The people, or party, beat the man: (O, K:) or collected themselves together and beat him. (TA.) A3: أُعْبِدَ بِهِ His riding-camel became fatigued: (S, O, K:) or perished; or flagged, or became powerless; or stopped with him: (S, O:) or died, or became ill, or went away, so that he was obliged to stop: (L:) i. q. أُبْدِعَ بِهِ [q. v.], (S, O, L, K,) from which it is formed by transposition. (TA.) 5 تعبّد He became, or made himself, a servant of God; devoted himself to religious services or exercises; applied himself to acts of devotion. (S, A, O, L, Msb, K.) And تعبّد بِالْإِسْلَامِ He became, or made himself, a servant of God by [following the religion of] El-Islám; [i. e. he followed El-Islám as his religion;] syn. ذَانَ بِهِ. (Msb in art. دين.) A2: Also, He (a camel) became refractory, and difficult to manage, (K,) like a wild animal. (L.) b2: See also عَبِدَ, first sentence.

A3: تعبّدهُ: see 2, first sentence, in two places. b2: Also He called him, or invited him, to obedience. (Msb.) A4: تعبّد البَعِيرَ He drove away the camel until he became fatigued (O, K, TA) and was obliged to stop. (TA.) 8 إِعْتَبَدَ see 2, former half, in three places.10 إِسْتَعْبَدَ see 2, in two places. R. Q. 2 تَعَبْدَدُوا They (a people) went away in parties in every direction. (TA.) [See عَبَادِيدُ.]

عَبْدٌ, originally an epithet, but used as a subst., (Sb, TA,) A male slave; (S, A, O, L, Msb, K;) i. q. مَمْلُوكٌ; (L, K;) [but عَبْدٌ is now generally applied to a male black slave; and مَمْلُوكٌ, to a male white slave; and this distinction has long obtained;] contr. of حُرٌّ; (S, A, O, L, Msb;) as also ↓ عَبْدَلٌ, (L, K,) in which the ل is augmentative: (L:) and a servant, or worshipper, of God, and of a false god, or of the Devil: (Lth, L, &c.:) [you say عَبْدُ اللّٰهِ and عَبْدُ الشَّمْسِ &c.: see also عَابِدٌ, which signifies the same; and see the remarks in this paragraph on the pls. عَبِيدٌ and عِبَادٌ and عَبَدَةٌ &c.:] and a man, or human being; (M, A, L, K;) as being a bondman (مَرْبُوبٌ) to his Creator; (L;) applied to a male and to a female; (Ibn-Hazm, TA;) whether free or a slave: (K:) pl. أَعْبُدٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and أَعْبِدَةٌ and أَعْبَادٌ, (IKtt, TA,) [all pls. of pauc.,] of which the first is the most commonly known, (Msb,) and ↓ عَبِيدٌ and عِبَادٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) which two and the first are the most commonly known of all the many pls. of عَبْدٌ, (Msb,) عَبِيدٌ being like كَلِيبٌ as pl. of كَلْبٌ, a rare form of pl.; (S, O;) or, accord. to some, it is a quasipl. n.; accord. to Ibn-Málik, فَعِيلٌ occurs as a pl. measure, but sometimes they use it in the manner of a pl. and make it fem., as in the instance of عَبِيدٌ, and sometimes they use it in the manner of quasi-pl. ns. and make it masc., as in the instances of حَجِيجٌ and كَلِيبٌ; (MF;) [accord. to the general and more approved opinion, it is a quasi-pl. n., and therefore fem. and masc., but most commonly fem.;] and further it should be remarked that the common people agree in making a difference between عَبِيدٌ and عِبَادٌ, by the former meaning slaves [and by the latter meaning servants of God and also simply, with the article ال, mankind], saying, هٰؤُلَآءِ عَبِيدٌ these are slaves, and هٰذَا عَبْدٌ مِنْ عِبَادِ اللّٰهِ [this is a servant, of the servants of God]: (Az, L:) [and a distinction is also made between عِبَادٌ and عَبَدَةٌ, respecting which see what follows:] other pls. of عَبْدٌ are عُبْدَانٌ, (S, O, K,) like تُمْرَانٌ pl. of تَمْرٌ, (S, O,) and عِبْدَانٌ, (S, O, K,) like جِحْشَانٌ pl. of جَحْشٌ, (S, O,) and عُبُدٌ, (S, O, K,) like سُقُفٌ pl. of سَقْفٌ, (S, O,) or this is pl. of عَبِيدٌ, like رُغُفٌ pl. of رَغِيفٌ, (Zj,) and is also a pl. of عَابِدٌ, (L,) and some read [in the Kur v. 65] عُبُدَ الطَّاغُوتِ, (Akh, S, O,) and عُبْدٌ (MF) and عُبُودٌ and عُبَّدٌ and عُبَّادٌ and عَبَدَةٌ, (IKtt, TA,) the last three of which are also pls. of عَابِدٌ: (L:) one says of the worshippers of a plurality of gods, هُمْ عَبَدَةُ الطَّاغُوتِ [they are the servants of Et-Tághoot]; but the Muslims one calls عِبَادُ اللّٰهِ, meaning the servants, or worshippers, of God: (Lth, L:) [all these are pls. in the proper sense of the term, of the broken class:] and عَبْدُونَ, (O, K,) a pl. of the sound class, adopted because عَبْدٌ is originally an epithet: (TA:) and [the following, with the exception of the first, and of some which are particularized as being pls. of pls., are also said to be pls., but are properly speaking quasi-pl. ns., namely,] ↓ عَبُدٌ, (O, K,) accord. to some, who read [in the Kur ubi suprà] عَبُدَ الطَّاغُوتِ, making the former a prefixed noun, as meaning the servants (خَدَم) of Et-Tághoot; but it is a n. of the measure فَعُلٌ, like حَذُرٌ and نَدُسٌ, not a pl.; the meaning being the servant (خَادِم) of Et-Tághoot; (Akh, S, O;) and it is also used by poetic license for عَبْدٌ; (Fr, T, S, O;) and ↓ عِبِدَّانٌ and ↓ عِبِدَّآءُ and ↓ عِبِدَّى; (S, O, K;) or, accord. to some, the last of these signifies slaves born in a state of slavery; and the female is termed ↓ عَبْدَةٌ; and Lth says that ↓ عِبِدَّى signifies a number of slaves born in a state of slavery, generation after generation; but Az says that this is a mistake, that عِبِدَّى اللّٰهِ signifies the same as عبَادُ اللّٰهِ, that it is thus used in a trad., and that عِبِدَّى is applied in another trad. to poor men of the class called أَهْلُ الصُّفَّة; (L;) and ↓ عُبُدَّآءُ and ↓ عِبِدَّةٌ and ↓ عِبَادٌّ (IKtt, TA) and ↓ مَعْبَدَةٌ, like مَشْيَخَةٌ, (T, O, K,) and ↓ مَعْبُودَآءُ (Yaakoob, S, O, K) and ↓ مَعْبُودَى, (IKtt, TA,) and [pl. pl.] ↓ مَعَابِدُ, (O, K,) said to be pl. of مَعْبَدَةٌ; (TA;) and pl. pl. أَعَابِدُ, (K,) pl. of أَعْبُدٌ; (TA;) and عَبِيدُونَ, (Es-Suyootee, MF,) app. pl. of ↓ عَبِيدٌ. (MF.) فَادْخُلِى فِى عِبَادِى, in the Kur lxxxix. 29, means Then enter thou among my righteous servants: (Ksh, Bd, Jel:) or it means فِى حِزْبِى [among my peculiar party]. (S, O.) b2: Also (tropical:) Ignoble, or base-born; like as حُرٌّ is used to signify “ generous,” “ noble,” or “ well-born. ” (Mgh in art. حر.) A2: Also A certain plant, of sweet odour, (O, K, TA,) of which the camels are fond because it makes the milk to become plentiful, and fattens; it is sharp, or hot, (حَادّ O, or حَارّ TA,) in temperament; and when they depasture it they become thirsty, and seek the water: (O, TA:) so says IAar. (O.) A3: And A short and broad نَصْل [or arrow-head, or spear-head, or blade]. (AA, O, * K.) عَبَدٌ: see عَابِدٌ.

عَبُدٌ: see the paragraph commencing with عَبْدٌ, latter half.

عَبِدٌ and ↓ عَابِدٌ (but the latter is rarely used, Ibn-'Arafeh) Angry. (L.) And (both words) Disdaining, or disdainful; scorning, or scornful. (L.) Accord. to AA, العَابِدِينَ in the words of the Kur [xliii. 81], إِنْ كَانَ لِلرَّحْمٰنِ وَلَدٌ فَأَنَا أَوَّلُ

↓ العَابِدِينَ, means The disdainers, or scorners, and the angry: (S, * L:) but Ibn-'Arafeh rejects this assertion: (TA:) these words are variously explained; as meaning There is not to the Compassionate a son; and I am the first of the angry disdainers or scorners of the assertion that there is: or, and I am the first of the deniers of this assertion: or, and I am the first of the worshippers of God according to the unitarian doctrine, or, of the worshippers of God of this people: or if there were to the Compassionate a son, I would be the first of his worshippers: or if there be to the Compassionate a son, I am the first of worshippers; but I am not the first worshipper of God: or, accord. to Az, the best interpretation is one ascribed to Mujáhid; i. e. if there be to the Compassionate a son in your opinion, I am the first of those who have worshipped God alone, and who have thus charged you with uttering a falsehood in this your assertion. (L.) عَبْدَةٌ: see عَبْدٌ, latter half.

عَبَدَةٌ [as a subst. from عَبِدَ (q. v.), Anger. b2: ] Disdain, or scorn; (S, O, L, K;) disdain occasioned by a saying at which one is ashamed, and from which one abstains through scorn and pride: (L:) or intense disdain or scorn. (A.) b3: Strength: so in the saying مَا لِثَوْبِكَ عَبَدَةٌ [There is not any strength to thy garment]. (S, O.) b4: Strength and fatness: (S, O, K:) thus in the phrase نَاقَةٌ ذَاتُ عَبَدَةٍ [A she-camel possessing strength and fatness]. (S, O.) And one says [also] نَاقَةٌ عَبَدَةٌ [if this be not a mistake for the phrase here next preceding] meaning A strong she-camel. (L, Msb.) b5: And Lastingness, or continuance; syn. بَقَآءٌ; (O, L, K, TA;) in some lexicons نَقَآءٌ; (TA;) and strength. (L.) One says, لَيْسَ لِثَوْبِكَ عَبَدَةٌ meaning There is not to thy garment any lastingness, or continuance, and strength. (Lh, L.) A2: Also A stone with which perfume is bruised, or pounded. (O, L, K.) عَبْدِىٌّ [a rel. n. from عَبْدٌ]. الدَّرَاهِمُ العَبْدِيَّةُ Certain Dirhems, which were superior to those of late times, and of greater weight. (O, K, TA.) عَبْدِيَّةٌ, as a subst.: see عِبَادَةٌ: b2: and عُبُودِيَّةٌ.

عِبِدَّةٌ: see عَبْدٌ, last quarter.

عِبِدَّى: see عَبْدٌ, latter half, in two places.

عِبِدَّى: see عَبْدٌ, latter half.

عُِبُِدَّآءٌ: see عَبْدٌ, latter half.

عَبْدَلٌ: see عَبْدٌ, near the beginning.

عَبْدَلِّىٌّ and عَبْدَلَّاوِىٌّ [both post-classical, the latter, which is the more common, said by Forskål to be an appellation of the Cucumis chate, which is app. from قِثَّآء, denoting several species of cucumber; but it is] a sort of melon, [abounding in Egypt, of little flavour, eaten with sugar,] said to be thus called in relation to 'AbdAllah Ibn-Táhir, a governor of Egypt on the part of El-Ma-moon. ('Abd-El-Lateef: see pp. 52 and 54 of the Ar. text, and pp. 34 and 35, and 125-7, of De Sacy's Transl. and Notes: and see also Forskål's Flora Ægypt. Arab. pp. lxxvi. and 168.) [See also عَجُورٌ.]

عَبِيدٌ: see عَبْدٌ, first and last quarters.

عُبَيْدٌ [dim. of عَبْدٌ. b2: And, used as a proper name,] The son of the desert, or of the waterless desert: thus expl. by El-Kanánee to Fr. (O.) b3: And [hence] أُمُّ عُبَيْدٍ The desert, or waterless desert, (Fr, O, K,) that is vacant, or desolate: (K:) or the land that is vacant, or desolate: (El-Kaná- nee, Fr, O:) or the land that the rain has missed. (O, K.) And sometimes it is used as meaning (assumed tropical:) Great calamity: (TA:) it is said in a prov., وَقَعُوا فِى أُمِّ عُبَيْدٍ تَصَايَحُ حَيَّاتُهَا [for تَتَصَايَحُ, lit. They became, or found themselves, in the desert, &c., of which the serpents were hissing, one at another], meaning (assumed tropical:) [they fell] into a great calamity. (Meyd, TA.) عِبَادَةٌ (S, IKtt, A, IAth, L, K) and ↓ عُبُودِيَّةٌ and ↓ عُبُودَةٌ (IKtt, K) and ↓ عَبْدِيَّةٌ (Fr, K) and ↓ مَعْبَدٌ and ↓ مَعْبَدَةٌ (L) [all said by some to be inf. ns., except the fourth,] Religious service, worship, adoration, or devotion; (L;) obedience: (S, IKtt, A, K:) obedience with humility or submissiveness; humble, or submissive, obedience: (IAth, L:) or عِبَادَةٌ signifies the Doing what God approves: and ↓ عُبُودَةٌ, the approving what God does: and the primary signification of ↓ عُبَودِيَّةٌ is humility, and submissiveness: (S, A, O:) عِبَادَةٌ is rendered only to God, or a false god, or the Devil. (TA.) عُبُودَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places: b2: and see عُبُودِيَّةٌ.

العُبَيْدَةُ The [portion, or appertenance, of the stomach, of a ruminant, called] فَحِث, (O, K, TA,) also called حَفِث [q. v.]. (TA.) عُبُودِيَّةٌ The state, or condition, of a slave; slavery; servitude; (S, O, L, Msb;) as also ↓ عُبُودَةٌ (S, O, L) and ↓ عَبْدِيَّةٌ (O, Msb) and ↓ تَعْبِيدَةٌ. (L.) b2: See also عِبَادَةٌ, in two places.

عِبَادٌّ: see عَبْدٌ, last quarter.

عَبَادِيدُ and عَبَابِيدُ, each a pl. having no sing., Parties of people (S, O, K) going in every direction: (S, O:) and horsemen going in every direction. (K.) One says, صَارَ القَوْمُ عَبَادِيدَ and عَبَابِيدَ The people became divided into parties going in every direction. (S, O.) And ذَهَبُوا عَبَادِيدَ and عَبَابِيدَ They went away in parties in every direction. (TA.) b2: Also (both words, K, or the latter [only], TA,) Far-extending roads: (K:) or diverse and far-extending roads: said to be used in this sense not with respect to coming, but only with respect to dispersion, and going away. (TA.) b3: Also (or the former [only], TA) Hills such as are called إِكَام or آكَام [pls. of أَكَمَةٌ]. (K, TA.) b4: And one says, مَرَّ رَاكِبًا عَبَادِيدَهُ He passed, or went away, riding upon the extremities of his buttocks. (O, K.) عَبَادِيدِىٌّ (S, O) and عَبَابِيدِىٌّ (O, TA) rel. ns. from عَبَادِيدُ (S, O) and عَبَابِيدُ (O, TA) thus formed because the said ns. have no sings., (Sb, S, O, TA,) Of, or relating to, parties of people going in every direction. (S, O.) عَابِدٌ A server, a worshipper, or an adorer, of God: (L:) an obeyer of God with humility, or submissiveness: (L, Msb:) [a devotee:] a unitarian: (L:) by a secondary application, used of him who takes for his god other than the True God, such as an idol, and the sun, &c.: (Msb:) pl. عُبَّادٌ and عَبَدَةٌ (L, Msb) and عُبُدٌ and عُبَّدٌ, all of which are also pls. of عَبْدٌ [q. v.]: (L:) [and quasi-pl. n. ↓ عَبَدٌ (like as خَدَمٌ is of خَادِمٌ), accord. to a reading of a phrase in the Kur v. 65, as expl. by some.] b2: And A servant: a meaning said to be tropical. (TA.) b3: See also عَبِدٌ, in two places.

تَعْبِيدَةٌ: see عُبُودِيَّةٌ.

مَعْبَدٌ: see عِبَادَةٌ: A2: and see also مُتَعَبَّدٌ.

مِعْبَدٌ A shovel, or spade, of iron; syn. مِسْحَاةٌ: (K:) pl. مَعَابِدُ. (TA.) مَعْبَدَةٌ, and the pl. مَعَابِدُ: see عَبْدٌ, last quarter: A2: and for the former see also عِبَادَةٌ.

مُعَبَّدٌ, applied to a camel, Rendered submissive, or tractable; broken, or trained; syn. مُذَلَّلٌ: (A, L:) or anointed with tar, (S, O, K,) and rendered submissive, or tractable: (S, O:) or whose whole skin is anointed with tar: (Sh:) or mangy, or scabby, whose fur has fallen off by degrees, and which is set apart from the other camels to be anointed with tar: or rendered submissive by the mange, or scab: or affected with the mange, or scab; or with incurable mange or scab. (L. [And, applied to a camel, it has other meanings, which see in what follows.]) [And hence, app.,] سَفِينَةٌ مُعَبَّدَةٌ A ship, or boat, tarred: (AO, S, O, L, K:) or smeared with fat, or oil. (AO, L.) b2: Applied to a road, Beaten; syn. مُذَلَّلٌ; (S, A, O, K;) trodden; (Az, TA;) or travelled by many passengers going to and fro: (TA:) and syn. with مُذَلَّلٌ as applied to other things also. (K.) b3: And [hence] A wooden pin, peg, or stake. (Az, O, K, TA. [In the CK, المُؤَتَّدُ is erroneously put for الوَتِدُ.]) So in the following verse of Ibn-Mukbil: وَضَمَّنْتُ أَرْسَانَ الجِيَادِ مُعَبَّدًا

إِذَا مَا ضَرَبْنَا رَأْسَهُ لَا يُرَنَّحُ [And I made a wooden peg to be a guarantee for the ropes of the coursers: when we beat its head, it did not wabble]. (Az, O, TA.) b4: Also Honoured, or treated with honour, (L, K,) and served; applied to a camel. (L.) Thus it has two contr. significations. (K.) b5: And A camel left unridden. (O, L.) b6: And, applied to a stallion [camel], Excited by lust, or by vehement lust. (O, K.) b7: Also, applied to a country, or tract of land, In which is no footprint, or track, nor any sign of the way, nor water: (O, K:) you say بَلَدٌ مُعَبَّدٌ. (O.) مَعْبُودَى and مَعْبُودَآءُ: see عَبْدٌ, last quarter.

مُتَعَبَّدٌ [and ↓ مَعْبَدٌ] A place appropriated to religious services or exercises, or acts of devotion. (TA.)

عقر

1 عَقَرَهُ, (S, Mgh, O, &c.,) aor. ـِ (Mgh, O, Msb, K,) inf. n. عَقْرٌ, (S, * Mgh, O, Msb, K,) He wounded him; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) [and so, app., accord. to the K, ↓ عقّرهُ, inf. n. تَعْقِيرٌ; or the latter signifies he wounded him much; for it is said that] تَعْقِيرٌ signifies more than عَقْرٌ: (S, O:) you say of a lion, and of a lynx, and of a leopard, and of a wolf, يَعْقِرُ النَّاسَ [He wounds men]. (Az, Msb.) b2: And عَقَرَهُ, (S, O, Msb, K, &c.,) and عَقَرَهَا, (L, Mgh, &c.,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. عَقْرٌ; (Mgh, &c.;) and ↓ عقّرهُ, (K,) and عقّرها, (L,) inf. n. تَعْقِيرٌ; (TA;) [or the latter has an intensive signification, or applies to many objects; see above;] He hocked, houghed, or hamstrung, (عَرْقَبَ,) him, or her, namely, a beast; (TA;) he laid bare his [or her] (namely, a camel's) عُرْقُوب [or hock-tendon]; such being the meaning of عقر with the Arabs; (Az, TA;) he struck, (S, IAth, Mgh, Msb,) or cut, (TA,) his, (a camel's, S, IAth, O, Msb, or a horse's, S, O, or a sheep's or goat's, IAth,) or her, (a camel's, L, Mgh,) legs, بِالسَّيْفِ with the sword, (S, IAth, Mgh, O, Msb, TA,) while the beast was standing; (IAth;) he cut one of his, or her, (a camel's,) legs, previously to stabbing the animal, that it might not run away when being stabbed, but might fall down, and so be within his power; he moved [his or] her (a camel's) legs with the sword; (IKtt, TA;) he made a mark, or wound, like a notch, in his, or her, (a horse's, or a camel's,) legs. (K.) [See عَقْرٌ, below.] b3: Hence (Az, TA,) عَقَرَهُ, aor. and inf. n. as above, He stabbed him, namely, a camel; slaughtered him by stabbing: (Az, Msb, TA:) because the slaughterer of the camel first lays bare its عَرْقُوب [or hocktendon; or hocks it; or strikes or cuts its legs, or one of its legs, with a sword: see above]. (Az, TA.) So in the saying of Imra-el-Keys, وَيَوْمَ عَقَرْتُ لِلْعَذَارَى مَطِيَّتِى

[And the day when I slaughtered for the virgins my riding-camel]. (TA.) And so in the trad. لَا عَقْرَ فِى الإِسْلَامِ [There shall be no slaughtering of camels at the grave in the time of El-Islám]: for they used to slaughter camels at the graves of the dead, saying, The occupant of the grave used to slaughter camels for guests in the days of his life; so we recompense him by doing the like after his death. (IAth, TA.) b4: Hence also, He slew him; he destroyed him: of this signification we have an ex. in the story of Umm-Zara: وَعَقْرَ جَارَتِهَا And [a cause of] the destruction of her fellow-wife through [the latter's] envy [of her] and rage [against her]. (TA.) b5: حَلْقَى ↓ عَقْرَى, (Mgh, O, Msb, K, &c.,) said of a woman, (TA,) occurring in a trad. of Safeeyeh, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) in which Mohammad is related to have used this expression, on the day of the return of the pilgrims from Minè, when he was told that she had her menstrual flux, to which he added, “I see her not to be aught but a hinderer of us; ” thus accord. to the relaters of traditions, each word being an inf. n., like دَعْوَى; (O, * TA;) of the measure فَعْلَى; or, as some say, the ى is to mark a pause; (Mgh;) and عَقْرًا حَلْقًا, (O, K,) which are also inf. ns.; (TA;) and this is accord. to the usage of the Arabs; (Az, TA;) being a form of imprecation, though not meant to express a desire for its having effect, (Az, Msb, TA,) for what is meant by it is only blame; (Msb;) expl. by وَعَقَرَهَا اللّٰهُ تَعَالَى وَحَلَقَهَا, (K,) i. e., [May God (exalted be He) wound her, &c., and] shave her hair, or afflict her with a pain in her throat: (TA:) or may her body be wounded (عُقِرَ), and may she be afflicted with a disease in her throat: (Mgh, O: *) so accord. to A'Obeyd: or may her leg and her throat be cut: or may her leg be cut and her head shaven: (Mgh:) [or may she be destroyed, and may her throat be cut:] or the two words عقرى and حلقى are epithets, applied to a woman of ill luck; and the meaning is, (Z, O, TA,) she is one who extirpates [or destroys, and cuts the throats of,] her people, by the effect of her ill luck upon them; (Z, O, K, * TA;) being virtually in the nom. case, as enunciatives; i. e., وَحَلْقَى ↓ هِىَ عَقْرَى. (Z, TA.) Lh mentions the phrase, ↓ لَا تَفْعَلْ ذٰلِكَ أُمُّكَ عَقْرَى [app. meaning, Do thou not that: may thy mother be childless: (see عَقُرَت:)] without explaining it: but he mentions it with the phrases أُمُّكَ ثَاكِلٌ and أُمُّكَ هَابِلٌ. (TA.) Or ↓ عَقْرَى signifies Having the menstrual flux. (K.) One says also, imprecating a curse upon a man, جَدْعًا لَهُ وَعَقْرًا وَحَلْقًا, meaning, May God [maim him, and] wound (عَقَرَ) his body, and afflict him with a pain in his throat: and sometimes, حَلْقَى ↓ عَقْرَى, without tenween. (S.) [See also 1 in art. حلق.] b6: عَقَرَبِهِ He killed the beast which he was riding, and made him to go on foot: he hocked, houghed, or hamstrung, his beast. (TA.) b7: Hence, عَقَرْتَ بِى Thou hast long detained me, or restrained me; as though thou hadst hocked (عَقَرْتَ) my camel and I were therefore unable to journey: ISk cites as an ex.

قَدْ عَقَرَتْ بِالْقَوْمِ أُمُّ خَزْرَجِ [Umm-Khazraj has long detained the party, or people]. (S, O, TA.) And in the A it is said that عَقَرَتْ فُلَانَةُ بِالرَّكْبِ means Such a woman, or girl, came forth to the riders on camels, and they staid long in her presence; as though she hocked (عَقَرَت) the camels upon which they rode. (TA.) One says also قَدْ كَانَتْ لِى حَاجَةٌ فَعَقَرَنِى

عَنْهَا I had a want, and he withheld me from it, and hindered me. (Ibn-Buzurj, L.) Hence, عَقْرُ النَّوَى, (Az, TA,) meaning صَرْفُهَا حَالًا بَعْدَ حَالٍ

[i. e. The shifting about of the course of a journey by successive changes: see صَرْفٌ, third sentence]. (O, TA.) b8: And عَقَرَ بِالصَّيْدِ i. q. وَقَعَ بِهِ [app. meaning He made much slaughter among the objects of the chase]. (O, K.) b9: And عَقَرَتْ بِهِمْ She (a woman) smote their souls, and wounded their hearts. (O.) b10: عَقَرَ النَّخْلَةَ, (inf. n. عَقْرٌ, TA, and subst. [or quasi-inf. n., like جَدَادٌ and صَرَامٌ and قَطَافٌ &c.,] ↓ عَقَارٌ, T, S, O, TA,) He cut off the head of the palm-tree, (T, S, O, K,) altogether, with the heart (الجُمَّار), (T, S, O,) so that it dried up, (K,) and nothing came forth from its trunk. (IKtt.) b11: لَا تَعْقِرَنَّ شَجَرًا Thou shalt by no means cut down trees. (Mgh.) b12: عَقَرَ المَرْعَى He cut down the trees of the pasture-land: he cut down the herbage, or pasture, and spoiled it. (TA.) b13: عَقَرَ الكَلَأَ He ate the herbage, or pasture. (O, K.) And He had the herbage for pasturage. (O.) b14: You say of wine, يَعْقِرُ العَقْلَ [It disables the intellect; like as a man disables a beast by hocking him]. (IAar.) b15: عَقَرَهُ, (S, O, TA,) aor. ـِ (TA,) inf. n. عَقْرٌ, (S, O, TA,) He (a man) galled his (a camel's) back: (TA:) he galled it; namely, a camel's back: (S, O:) it (a camel's saddle, TA, and a horse's saddle, S, O, TA) galled his (the beast's) back. (S, O, TA.) b16: And عُقِرَتْ رَكِيَّتُهُمْ Their well was demolished. (O.) A2: عَقِرَ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. عَقَرٌ, (S, O,) His (a man's) legs betrayed him, so that he was unable to fight, by reason of fright and stupefaction: (S, O:) he became stupified, or deprived of his reason: (S, K:) or he was taken by sudden fright, (K, TA,) and stupified, or deprived of his reason, (TA,) so that he could not advance nor retire. (K, TA.) عَقِرْتُ حَتَّى خَرَرْتُ إِلَى الأَرْضِ [My legs betrayed me, &c., so that I fell to the earth] was said by 'Omar. (S.) And one says, عَقِرْتُ حَتَّى مَا أَقْدِرُ عَلَى الكَلَامِ [I am stupified, or taken by sudden fright, &c., so that I am not able to talk]. (M, TA.) [And عَقِرَ alone means He became unable to speak. In one place in the L, this verb is written عُقِرَ; but this is probably a mistake.]

A3: عَقُرَتْ, aor. ـُ (S, IJ, M, IKtt, L, Msb;) in the K, عُقِرَتْ, of the class of عُنِىَ; but the authorities indicated above show that عَقُرَتْ is the correct form; (TA;) and عَقَرَتْ, aor. ـِ (M, IKtt, L, Msb, K;) and عَقِرَتْ, aor. ـَ (M, IKtt, L;) inf. n. عُقْرٌ, (S, M, IKtt, L, Msb, K,) of the first, (S, Msb, like as حُسْنٌ is inf. n. of حَسُنَتْ, (S,) or of the second, (M, L, K,) and عَقَارَةٌ (M, L, K) and عُقَارَةٌ, (K,) or عِقَارَةٌ, (M and L, as in the TA,) which are of the first, (M, L, K,) and عَقْرٌ, (M, IKtt, L, Msb, K,) which is of the second, (M, L, Msb, K,) and عَقَارٌ, or عُقَارٌ, (accord. to different copies of the K,) or عِقَارٌ, (M and L, as in the TA,) also of the second, (K,) or of the third; (M, L;) She (a woman [and a camel &c.]) was, or became, barren: (K, TA:) or did not conceive: (S:) or ceased to conceive. (IKtt, Msb.) b2: عَقَرَ, aor. ـِ and عَقِرَ, aor. ـَ He (a man [and a beast]) was barren; did not generate. (TA.) b3: عَقُرَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عُقْرٌ, (assumed tropical:) It (an affair) did not produce any issue, or result. (K.) A4: عَقَرَهَا He (God) made her [to be barren, or] to cease to conceive. (Msb.) 2 عقّرهُ: see 1, first and second sentences. b2: جَدَّعْتُهُ وَعَقَّرْتُهُ I said to him جَدْعًا لَكَ وَعَقْرًا. (Sb.) [See 1.]3 عاقرهُ He contended with him for superior glory (K, TA) and generosity and excellence (TA) in the hocking, or slaughtering, (عَقْر [see 1],) of camels. (K, TA.) It was customary for two men thus to contend for superior munificence, [giving away the flesh of the victims,] but they did so for the sake of display and vain glory; wherefore the eating of the flesh of camels slaughtered on an occasion of this kind is forbidden in a trad., and they are likened to animals sacrificed to that which is not God. (TA.) b2: And عاقرهُ, (TK,) inf. n. مُعَاقَرَةٌ, (S, K,) He held a dialogue or colloquy, or a disputation or debate, with him, (S, K,) and encountered him with mutual reviling and satire (S, TA) and cursing. (TA.) A2: Also عاقرهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُعَاقَرَةٌ, (S, O, K,) He, or it, kept, confined himself or itself, clave, clung, or held fast, to him, or it: (S, O, K: *) he kept, or applied himself, constantly, or perseveringly, to him, or it. (TA.) You say عاقر الخَمْرَ, (S, * TA,) and simply عاقر, (TA,) He kept, or applied himself, constantly, or perseveringly, to the drinking of wine: (S, TA:) or مُعَاقَرَةُ الشَّرَابِ signifies the contending with wine for superiority; as when a man says, I have more, or most, strength for drinking, and so contending with it for superiority, and being overcome thereby. (Aboo-Sa'eed, TA.) You say also, عَاقَرَتِ الخَمْرُ الدَّنَّ The wine remained long confined to the [jar called] دَنّ; syn. لَازَمَتْهُ. (S, K.) And عاقرت الخَمْرُ العَقْلَ [app., The wine took hold upon the intellect: or contended with it for superiority]. (S.) 4 اعقرهُ He stupified him [so that his legs betrayed him and he was unable to fight or to advance or retire: see عَقِرَ]. (S, O.) A2: اعقر اللّٰهُ رَحِمَهَا God rendered her womb barren; (O, TA;) God affected her womb mith a disease (K, TA) so that she did not conceive. (TA.) A3: اعقر فُلَانًا He assigned to such a one a grant of land; syn. أَطْعَمَهُ عُقْرَةً i. e. طُعْمَةً. (K.) b2: and one says, أَعْقَرْتُكَ كَلَأَ مَوْضِعِ كَذَا I have given thee permission to pasture thy beasts upon the herbage of such a place. (O.) A4: And اعقر He became possessed of much property such as is termed عَقَار. (S, IKtt, O.) 6 تَعَاقَرَا, (K,) or تعاقرا إِبِلَهُمَا, (S, O,) They two hocked, or hamstrung, their camels, (عَرْقَبَا

إِبِلَهُمَا, S, O, or عَقَرَاهَا, K,) vying, each with the other, therein, (S, O,) that it might be seen which of them should do so most. (K.) [See 3.]7 انعقر He (a camel, and a horse, [&c.,]) [became hocked, houghed, or hamstrung; had his hock-tendon laid bare;] had his legs struck [or cut] with a sword. (S.) [See 1.] b2: It (a camel's or a horse's back) became galled by the saddle; as also ↓ اعتقر. (S, K.) 8 إِعْتَقَرَ see what next precedes.

عَقْرٌ The act of wounding; &c.: [see 1:] a mark, or wound, (أَثَرٌ,) like a notch, (كالحَزِّ, K, TA, [in the CK, كالخَرِّ,]) in the legs of a horse, and of a camel. (K.) [Hence, عَقْرًا حَلْقًا, and عَقْرَى حَلْقَى: see 1.]

A2: See also عُقْرٌ, first sentence: A3: and again in the last quarter.

A4: Also What is, or constitutes, the most essential part, of anything; or the prime, or the principal part, thereof; syn. أَصْلٌ: [such appears to me to be the meaning of اصل as here used, from what follows.] (S, IF, Msb.) b2: The principal part (أَصْل) of a دَار [i. e., a country]; (As, S, Msb, K;) which is the place where the people dwell, or abide; (As, S;) as also ↓ عُقْرٌ: (As, S, Msb, K:) the former of the dial. of Nejd; (As, TA;) and the latter of the dial. of the people of El-Medeeneh, (As, S,) or of the dial. of El-Hijáz; (TA;) or both of the dial. of the people of El-Hijáz; and the latter, in the dial. of others, signifies the chief, or main, part of a دار; (Msb;) and the latter also signifies the middle [or heart] of a دار: (K:) or عَقْرُ الدَّارِ and ↓ عُقْرُهَا both signify the principal part (اصل) of the place of abode of a people, upon which they rest their confidence. (Mgh, O.) This last signification is exemplified by the trad. of 'Alee, مَا غُزِىَ قَوْمٌ فِى عَقْرِ دَارِهِمْ إِلَّا ذَلُّوا [No people have had war waged against them in the principal part of their country, upon which they rest their confidence, but they have become abased, or brought into subjection]: (Mgh, O:) or the meaning here is, in the midst [or heart] of their country, &c.; i. e., in the place where they abide, or lodge. (L.) It is said in another trad., عَقْرُ دَارِ الْإِسْلَامِ الشَّأْمُ, meaning, The principal part (اصل), and the place, of the country of El-Islám is Syria: apparently pointing to a time of conflicts and factions, or seditions, when Syria should be free from them, and the Muslims should there be more secure. (TA.) Lth has confounded in explaining what is the عُقْر of a دار and what is the عُقْر of a tank or trough for watering beasts &c. (Az.) عُقْرٌ (S, M, &c.) and ↓ عَقْرٌ, (M,) or ↓ عَقْرَةٌ and ↓ عُقْرَةٌ, (A, K,) Barrenness, in a woman, (S, K, &c.,) and in a man. (S, TA.) You say also لَقِحَتِ النَّاقَةُ عَنْ عُقْرٍ [The she-camel conceived after having been barren]. (S, O.) And لَقِحَ لِقَاؤُكَ عَنْ عُقْرٍ [app., (assumed tropical:) The meeting thee hath been productive of good after barrenness thereof]. (A, TA.) And لَقِحْنَ إِلَى عُقْرٍ, a phrase used by Dhu-r-Rummeh, referring to wars; i. e. (assumed tropical:) They returned to stillness. (TA.) And رَجَعَتِ الحَرْبُ

إِلَى عُقْرٍ (assumed tropical:) The war became languid. (A, TA.) b2: عُقْرٌ in a palm-tree means [Barrenness, or a drying up, and perishing, occasioned by] having the [fibrous substance called] لِيف stripped off (O, K, TA) from the heart, (O, TA,) and the heart itself taken away; (O, K, TA;) which being done, it dries up and perishes. (Az, O, TA.) A2: Also, or ↓ عُقُرٌ, or the latter is used only by poetic license, Anything which a man drinks, and in consequence thereof has no offspring born to him. (O, TA.) A3: Also, عُقْرٌ, A kind of dowry, (S,) or compensation, (IAth,) which is given to a woman when connection has been had with her in consequence of dubiousness, or a likeness [on her part to the man's wife]: (إِذَا وُطِئَتْ عَنْ شُبْهَةٍ, S; or بِشُبْهَةٍ, Mgh; or عَلَى وَطْءِ الشُّبْهَةِ, IAth:) or a recompense which is given to a woman for connection with her: (AO:) or a mulct, or fine, which is paid to a woman for ravishing her: (Lth, Msb, K:) or what is given to a female slave who has been ravished, like a dowry in the like case to a free woman: (Ahmad Ibn-Hambal:) so called because devirgination wounds the object of it: pl. أَعْقَارٌ. (IAth, TA.) b2: Hence, in consequence of frequency of usage, (Msb,) A woman's dowry; (Msb, K;) i. q. بُضْعُهَا. (O.) b3: Also The exploration of a woman to see if she be a virgin or not: (Kh, O, K, TA:) but Az says that this is unknown. (TA.) [Perhaps it is a meaning inferred from what here follows.] b4: بَيْضَةُ العُقْرِ is That [egg] with which a woman is tested on the occasion of devirgination: (K: [but what is meant by this, I have not been able to learn:]) or the first egg of the hen; (K, TA;) because it wounds her: (TA:) or the last egg of the hen; (O, K, TA;) when she is old and weak: (TA:) or the egg of the cock, which [they say] he lays once in the year, (O, K,) [or once in his life, for] they assert that it is the egg of the cock, because he lays, in his life, one egg, somewhat inclining to length; so called because the virginity of the girl, or young woman, is tested with it: hence, they say of a thing given one time [only], كَانَتْ بَيْضَةَ العُقْرِ: or, as some say, it is like the phrases بَيْضُ الأَنُوقِ and الأَبْلَقُ العَقُوقُ; so that it is a phrase proverbially used as applied to a thing that never is: (S, O:) accord. to A'Obeyd, when a niggard gives once, and not again, one says [of the gift], كَانَتْ بَيْضَةَ الدِّيكِ; and when he gives a thing, and then stops doing so, one says of the last time [of his giving], كَانَتْ بَيْضَةَ العُقْرِ. (TA.) One says also, كَانَ ذٰلِكَ بَيْضَةَ العُقْرِ meaning * That happened once, not a second time. (TA.) and بَيْضَةُ العُقْرِ means also (tropical:) He who has no offspring. (K, TA. [See also عَاقِرٌ.]) And (assumed tropical:) He who stands another in no stead. (TA.) A4: Also A grant of land; syn. طُعْمَةٌ; (O, K;) and so ↓ عُقْرَةٌ. (K. [See 4.]) b2: And A place where people alight (مَحَلَّةُ قَوْمٍ, K, TA) between the house, or abode, and the trough, or tank, for watering beasts &c.; (TA;) as also ↓ عَقْرٌ: (K, TA:) or (TA, but in the K “ and ”) the hinder part of a trough, or tank, for watering beasts &c., (S, K, TA,) where the camels stand when they come to water; as also ↓ عُقُرٌ: (S:) or the station of the drinker; (K;) as in all the copies of the K; but accord. to the T and Nh, the station of the animals drinking: (TA:) or the place where the bucket is emptied, at the hinder part of the trough, or tank; the place at the fore part being called its إِزَآء: (IAar:) pl. أَعْقَارٌ. (S, O.) It is said in a prov., إِنَّمَا يُهْدَمُ الحَوْضُ مِنْ عُقْرِهِ [lit., The trough, or tank, for watering beasts &c. is demolished only by commencing from its hinder part]; meaning, an affair is performed only by setting about it in the proper way. (TA.) b3: Also The part of a well where the fore feet of the animals watering stand when they drink. (TA.) b4: See also عَقْرٌ, in two places.

عَقِرٌ: fem. عَقِرَةٌ: see the latter voce عَقِيرٌ: A2: and see عَاقِرٌ.

A3: نَاقَةٌ عَقِرَةٌ, accord. to the K, A she-camel that will not drink save from fear: but accord. to IAar [and the S and O], that will not drink save from the عُقْر of the trough, or tank; and أَزِيَةٌ signifies one “ that will not drink save from its إِزَآء,” i. e. “ from its fore part. ” (TA.) عُقَرٌ: see مِعْقَرٌ, in two places.

عُقُرٌ: see عُقْرٌ, in two places.

عَقْرَةٌ: see عُقْر, first sentence.

عُقْرَةٌ: see عُقْرٌ, first sentence: A2: and again in the last quarter.

عُقَرَةٌ: see مِعْقَرٌ, in two places; and عَقُورٌ.

A2: Also A kind of bead (خَرَزَةٌ, S, O, K) which a woman binds upon her flanks, in order that she may not conceive; (T, S, O;) or which a woman bears, or carries, in order that she may not bear offspring: (K:) accord. to IAar, a kind of bead which is hung upon her who is barren, in order that she may bear offspring; but this is strange. (TA.) Hence the saying, عُقَرَةُ العِلْمِ النِّسْيَانُ [That which renders knowledge barren is forgetfulness]. (S, O.) A3: See also عَاقِرٌ, in two places.

عَقْرَى: see 1, in five places.

عُقْرَى: see the paragraph here following.

عَقَارٌ: see عَقَرَ النَّخْلَةَ.

A2: Also Real, or immovable, property, (كُلُّ مَالٍ لَهُ أَصْلٌ, Mgh, or مِلْكٌ ثَابِتٌ لَهُ أَصْلٌ, Msb, or مَا لَهُ أَصْلٌ وَقَرَارٌ, KT,) [an estate] consisting of a house or land yielding a revenue; (Mgh;) or such as land and a house; (KT;) or such as a house and palm-trees: (Msb:) or simply, land yielding a revenue; syn. ضَيْعَةٌ; (Mgh, K:) as also ↓ عُقْرَى: (Sgh, K:) or land; or lands yielding revenues (syn. ضِيَاعٌ); and palmtrees; (S, O, TA;) and the like: (TA:) and palm-trees (L, K) in particular: (L:) pl. عَقَائِرُ. (Msb.) You say مَا لَهُ دَارٌ وَلَا عَقَارٌ He has not a house nor land, or lands yielding revenues, or palm-trees. (S, O.) b2: Also (sometimes, Msb) Household goods, or furniture and utensils, (S, O, Msb, * K, TA,) which are not used except on the occasions of festivals, (K, TA,) and necessary affairs of great importance, (TA,) and the like: (K, TA:) thus, with fet-h, accord. to Az and IAar; (TA;) and sometimes with damm [↓ عُقَارٌ], (K,) thus accord. to As; (O, TA;) but in saying so, he differs from the generality of authorities: (TA:) or the best of furniture and the like, because none but the best is spread on the occasions of festivals: (TA:) and the best of anything. (O, TA.) One says فِى البَيْتِ عَقَارٌ حَسَنٌ In the house, or tent, are goodly furniture and utensils. (S, O.) عُقَارٌ Wine: (S, O, K:) or wine that does not delay to intoxicate: (TA:) so called because of its taking hold upon the intellect, or contending with it for superiority, (لِأَنَّهَا عَاقَرَتِ العَقْلَ,) accord. to Aboo-Nasr; (S;) or because of its remaining long confined to the [jar called] دَنّ, (S, O, K,) accord. to AA; (S, O;) [see 3;] or because the drinker keeps closely to it; (TA;) or because it prevents the drinker from walking; (K;) or because it disables (يَعْقِرُ) the intellect. (IAar.) A2: See also عَقَارٌ.

عَقُورٌ, applied to a dog, (S, O, Msb, K,) and to any animal of prey, as a lion, and a lynx, and a leopard, and a wolf, (Az, IAth, Msb,) and the like, (IAth,) each of these being called كَلْبٌ عَقُورٌ, (Az, IAth, Msb,) because of the same rapacious nature as the dog, (IAth,) meaning, That wounds, (Az, * IAth, O, Msb,) and kills, and seizes its prey and breaks its neck: (IAth:) [or that wounds, &c., much; for] it is an intensive epithet: (TA:) only applied to an animal; (S, K; [in the latter of which, the words thus rendered are preceded by “ or; ” the epithet in what precedes being restricted to a dog, but not explained;]) ↓ عُقَرَةٌ being applied to an inanimate thing: (K:) pl. عُقُرٌ, (Msb, and so in some copies of the K,) or عُقْرٌ. (So in some copies of the K, and in the TA.) عَقِيرٌ i. q. ↓ مَعْقُورٌ; (IF, O, K;) applied to a man, Wounded: (S, O:) pl. عَقْرَى. (S, Mgh, O, K.) b2: Applied to a camel, (S, Mgh, O,) both to a male and to a female, (TA,) and to a horse [or mare, &c.], (S, O,) [Hocked, houghed, or hamstrung;] having the [hock-tendon or] two hock-tendons laid bare, so as to be unable to run; applied to a horse; (TA;) struck [or cut] in the legs with a sword; (S, Mgh, O;) [a camel having one of the legs cut, previously to being stabbed; having a mark, or wound, like a notch, made in his, or her, (a camel's or a horse's) legs: see 1:] pl. as above. (S, Mgh.) [See also عَقِيرَةٌ.] b3: [Hence,] applied to a camel, (male, Msb, and female, L,) Stabbed; slaughtered by stabbing: (L, Msb, TA:) pl. as above. (Msb.) b4: Applied to a palm-tree (نَخْلَةٌ), as also ↓ مَعْقُورَةٌ, (Az, TA,) and, accord. to the copies of the K, ↓ عَقِيرَةٌ, but correctly ↓ عَقِرَةٌ, as in the M, (TA,) Having its head cut off, (Az, K, TA,) altogether, with the heart, (Az, TA,) and having in consequence dried up, (K, TA,) so that nothing comes forth from its trunk. (IKtt, TA.) A2: A man unable to walk, or to fight, by reason of fright and stupefaction; (TA;) taken by sudden fright, so as to be unable to advance or retire: or stupified: (K:) in which last sense it is applied to an antelope. (TA.) A3: See also عَاقِرٌ.

عَقِيرَةٌ signifies مَا عُقِرَ [What is wounded, or hocked, or struck or cut in the legs,] of wild animals that are snared or hunted or chased, and the like; (K;) of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ. (TA.) See عَقِيرٌ. b2: A man of high rank who is slain. (S, K.) So in the saying, مَا رَأَيْتُ كَالْيَوْمِ عَقِيرَةً وَسْطَ قَوْمٍ [I have not before seen, as on this day, a man of high rank who is slain in the midst of a people]. (S.) b3: A leg, or shank, cut. (S, O, K.) b4: Hence, The voice, or a cry; (S;) the voice of a singer (K, TA) singing; (TA;) the voice of a weeper (K, TA) weeping; (TA;) the voice of a reciter or reader (K, TA) reciting or reading; (TA;) the utmost extent of the voice or of a cry. (TA.) You say رَفَعَ فُلَانٌ عَقِيرَتَهُ Such a one raised his voice: the origin of the saying was this: a man had one of his legs cut, or cut off, and he raised it, and put it upon the other, and cried out with his loudest voice: so this was afterwards said of any one who raised his voice: (S, O:) or it is expl. thus: a man had one of his limbs wounded, and he had camels which were accustomed to his singing in driving them, and which had become dispersed from him; so he raised his voice, crying, by reason of the wound; and his camels, hearing, and thinking that he was singing to drive them, came together to him: and hence this was afterwards said of any one who raised his voice, singing. (Az, TA.) عُقَيْرَى a dim. n., of the occurrence of which the only instance known to KT is in a trad. cited and expl. voce أَصْحَرَ: said by IAth to be derived from عَقْرٌ in the phrase عَقْرُ الدَّارِ. (TA.) عَقَّارٌ [A simple; a drug;] any of the elements (أُصُول) of medicines; (S, O;) what is used medicinally, of plants and of their roots (أُصُول) and of trees: (K, TA:) [accord. to the CK, what is used medicinally, of plants, or of their roots: and trees: the last word being in the nom. case:] as also ↓ عِقِّيرٌ: (K:) or what is used medicinally, of plants and trees: (L, TA:) or a medicine that is used for moving the bowels: (Az, TA:) or any curative plant; as also its pl., (AHeyth,) which is عَقَاقِيرُ: (AHeyth, S:) nothing thus termed is called فُوهٌ. (AHeyth.) b2: [Hence,] حَدِيدٌ جَيِّدُ العَقَاقِيرِ (assumed tropical:) Iron of excellent manufacture. (O, K.) عِقِّيرٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

عَاقِرٌ; see مِعْقَرٌ.

A2: Also, applied to a woman, Barren: (O, K, TA:) that does not conceive: (S, O:) or that has ceased to conceive: (Msb:) as being from عَقُرَتْ, it is an instance of the confusion of dialects; [being properly from عَقَرَتْ;] or it is a possessive epithet [meaning having the quality of barrenness]: (IJ:) pl. عُقَّرٌ, (K, TA,) which is applied to women and to she-camels, (TA,) or عَوَاقِرُ and عَاقِرَاتٌ: (Msb:) and ↓ عُقَرَةٌ is in like manner applied to a woman, signifying, having a disease in her womb, (O, K, TA,) in consequence of which she does not conceive. (TA.) b2: Applied to a man, Barren; that has no offspring born to him; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ عَقِيرٌ: (K:) the former anomalous; [if regarded as from عَقُرَ, not from عَقَرَ; but عَقُرَ said of a man, I do not find;] the latter regular; [if from عَقُرَ;] and the latter has not been heard applied to a woman: (TA:) pl. عُقَّرٌ: (Msb, TA:) and ↓ عُقَرَةٌ is also applied to a man, and signifies, one who comes to women, and feels them, and indulges himself with them in mutual embracing, or pressing to the bosom, (يُحَاضِنُهُنَّ,) but has no offspring born to him. (IAar, TA.) b3: (tropical:) A tree (شَجَرَةٌ) that does not bear; barren: and in like manner ↓ عَقِرَةٌ, occurring in a trad., as the name of a certain tract of land (أَرْضٌ), which name Mohammad changed to خَضِرَةٌ; or this may be from the same epithet applied to a palm-tree. (TA.) [See also عَقِيرٌ.] b4: Applied to a tract of sand (رَمْلَةٌ), (tropical:) That produces no plants or herbage; (O, K, TA;) likened to a [barren] woman: (TA:) or of which the sides produce plants or herbage, but the middle does not produce: (TA:) or such as is large: (K:) or large and producing no plants or herbage. (S.) عَاقُورٌ: see مِعْقَرٌ.

أَعْقَرُ مِنْ بَغْلَةٍ [More barren than a she-mule]. (TA in art. بغل.) مُعْقِرٌ A man having much properly such as is termed عَقَارٌ. (S, K.) A2: See also the next paragraph.

مِعْقَرٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ مِعْقَارٌ and ↓ مُعْقِرٌ (K) and ↓ عُقَرٌ (Az, S, O, K) and ↓ عُقَرَةٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ عَاقُورٌ, (O, K,) applied to the saddle of a horse (S, K) and that of a camel, (TA,) That galls the back; (S, * O, * K;) i. e., that usually galls the back: if it galls it but once it is only termed ↓ عَاقِرٌ. (A' Obeyd.) b2: Also مِعْقَرٌ and ↓ عُقَرٌ and ↓ عُقَرَةٌ A man who galls the backs of camels by fatiguing them with labour, or by urging them much in a journey. (L, K.) مُعْقَرَةٌ Having her womb rendered barren by God. (TA.) مِعْقَارٌ: see مِعْقَرٌ.

مَعْقُورٌ and مَعْقُوَرةٌ: see عَقِيرٌ.

مُعْتَقَرٌ A place of عَقْر [or اِعْتِقَار, i. e. of galling, or being galled, upon the back of a camel or the like]. (TA in art. ارى.)

عرق

1 عَرَقَ العَظْمَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O, Msb,) inf. n. عَرْقٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and مَعْرَقٌ; (S, O, K; [see an ex. of the last voce عَارِقٌ;]) and ↓ تعرّقهُ; (S, O, K;) He ate off the flesh from the bone, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) taking it with his fore teeth: (TA:) and one says also اللَّحْمَ ↓ تعرّق [meaning as above]: (Lh, TA in art. نهس:) and العَظْمَ ↓ اعترق is likewise said to signify as above. (TA.) b2: عَرَقْتُ مَا عَلَى العُرَاقِ مِنَ اللَّحْمِ I pared off what was on the bone, of flesh, with a مِعْرَق, i. e. a large, or broad, knife or blade. (TA.) b3: And [hence,] عَرَقَتْهُ السِّنُونَ, aor. as above, i. e. [The years, or droughts, or years of drought,] took from him [his flesh, or rendered him lean]; namely, a man. (TA.) الخُطُوبُ ↓ تَعَرَّقَتْهُ, also, signifies the like, i. e. [Afflictions, or calamities,] took from him [his flesh, &c.]. (TA.) بِى عَامُ المَعَاصِيمِ ↓ أَيَّامَ أَعْرَقَ cited by Th, he expl. as meaning In the days when the year of the مَعَاصِم took away my flesh: i. e., when the dirt, consequent upon drought, reached my مَعَاصِم [or wrists]; المَعَاصِيمِ being here used by poetic license for المَعَاصِمِ: but ISd says, “I know not what this explanation is. ” (L.) And عُرِقَ, inf. n. عَرْقٌ, signifies He (a man) was, or became, emaciated, or lean. (K.) ↓ التَّعَرُّقُ is also used in relation to other than material objects; as the strength and patience of camels, which are meant by خِلَالَهُنَّ [“ their properties ” or “ qualities,” خِلَال in this case being pl. of خَلَّةٌ,] in the phrase يَتَعَرَّقُونَ خِلَالَهُنّ [They exhaust, or wear out, their properties, or qualities, of strength and patience], in a verse cited by IAar, describing camels and a company of riders. (TA.) b4: [Hence, app.,] طَرِيقٌ يَعْرُقُهُ النَّاسُ (K, TA) A road which men travel [as though they pared it]. (TA.) A2: عَرَقَ فِى الأَرْضِ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـِ (S, O, TA,) not عَرُقَ, as seems to be required by the method of the K, (TA,) inf. n. عُرُوقٌ (S, O, TA) and عَرْقٌ, (TA,) He (a man, S, O, TA) went away into the country, or in the land; syn. ذَهَبَ [which, followed by فى الارض, often means he went into the open country, or out of doors, to satisfy a want of nature]. (S, O, K, TA.) A3: عَرَقَ المَزَادَةَ, (K, TA,) and السُّفْرَةَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عَرْقٌ, (TA,) He made to the مَزَادَة [or leathern water-bag], (K, TA,) and to the سُفْرَة [or round piece of skin in which food is put and upon which one eats], (TA,) what is termed an عِرَاق [q. v.]. (K, TA.) A4: عَرِقَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. عَرَقٌ, (Msb,) He sweated. (S, O, K.) b2: and [hence, app.,] عَرِقَ, inf. n. عَرَقٌ, said of a wall, It became moist: [or it exuded moisture:] and in like manner one says of earth, or land, when the dew, or rain, has percolated in it (نَتَحَ فِيهَا) so that it has met the moisture thereof. (TA.) b3: [It is also said in the TA, in the supplement to this art., that عرقت اليه بِخَبَرٍ means ندبت: but I think that the phrase is correctly عَرِقْتُ إِلَيْهِ بِخَيْرٍ; and the explanation, نَدِيتُ: meaning I did to him good: see art. ندو and ندى.] b4: and عَرِقَ, (O, K,) inf. n. عَرَقٌ, (TA,) signifies also He was, or became, heavy, sluggish, lazy, or indolent. (O, K.) A5: عَرُقَ, inf. n. عَرَاقَةٌ, It had root: and he was of generous origin. (MA.) [See also 4, latter half.]2 عَرَّقَ see 4, third sentence. b2: عرّق الشَّرَابَ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. تَعْرِيقٌ, (S, O,) He mixed the wine, [with water,] not doing so immoderately: (S, O:) or he put a little water into it; as also ↓ اعرقهُ; (K;) or the latter signifies he put into it some water, not much: (S:) [but] accord. to Lh, الكَأْسَ ↓ أَعْرَقْتُ signifies I filled the cup of wine: or, accord. to IAar, عَرَّقْتُ الكَأْسَ signifies I put little water to the cup of wine; and so ↓ أَعْرَقْتُهَا: but the former of these two phrases is also expl. as meaning I mixed the cup of wine; whether with little or much water not being specified: (TA:) and الخَمْرَةَ ↓ تَعَرَّقْتُ signifies I mixed [with water the wine, or portion of wine]. (Ham p. 561.) b3: عرّق فِى الدَّلْوِ, (S, O, K, TA,) inf. n. as above; (O, K;) and فِيهَا ↓ اعرق; (O, K, TA;) He put into the bucket less water than what would fill it, (S, O, K,) on the occasion of drawing: (S, O:) or he put little water into the bucket; and so فِى السِّقَآءِ [into the skin]: (TA:) and عَرِّقْ فِى الإِنَآءِ Put thou less than what would fill it into the vessel. (S.) b4: بَرَّقْتَ وَعَرَّقْتَ Thou madest a sign with a thing, that had nothing to verify it, [or madest a false display, or a vain promise,] and didst little. (IAar, TA in this art and in art. برق.) A2: عرّق الفَرَسَ, (O, TA,) inf. n. as above; and ↓ اعرقهُ; (TA;) He made the horse [to sweat, or] to run in order that he might sweat, and become lean, and lose his flabbiness of flesh. (O, * TA.) A3: See also 4, again, in three places.4 أَعْرَقَ see 1, former half.

A2: اعرقهُ عَرْقًا He gave him a bone with flesh upon it, or of which the flesh had been eaten. (TA.) b2: And [hence, app.,] مَاأَعْرَقْتُهُ شَيْئًا and ↓ مَا عَرَّقْتُهُ I gave him not anything. (O, TA.) b3: And عرقهُ He gave him to drink pure, or unmixed, wine; or wine with a little mixture [of water]. (Ham p. 561.) b4: See also 2, in four places.

A3: اعرق الفَرَسَ: see 2, last sentence but one.

A4: اعرق الشَّجَرُ, (S, O, K,) and النَّبَاتُ, (S,) The trees, (S, O, K,) and the plants, (S,) extended their roots into the earth; (S, O, K, * TA;) in the K, اِشْتَدَّتْ is erroneously put for اِمْتَدَّتْ, and so [in one place] in the O; (TA;) as also ↓ تعرّق, said of trees, (M, O, TA,) and ↓ عرّق, (M, TA,) and in like manner, ↓ اعترق, and ↓ استعرق, said of trees, i. e., struck their roots into the earth, as in the A: (TA:) [but accord. to Mtr,] in the phrase فِى ↓ رَجُلٌ لَهُ شَجَرَةٌ تَعَرَّقَتْ مِلْكِ غَيْرِهِ, meaning [A man of whom a tree] whereof the root crept along beneath the ground [into the property of another], in [one of the books of which each is entitled] “ the Wáki'át,”

تعرّقت should correctly be ↓ عَرَّقَتْ. (Mgh.) b2: [Hence,] one says, أَعْرَقَ فِيهِ أَعْمَامُهُ وَأَخْوَالُهُ [His paternal uncles and his maternal uncles implanted, or engendered, in him, by natural transmission, a quality, or qualities, possessed by them, or what is termed a strain]; (S, O, TA; [in which the meaning is indicated by the context;]) and so ↓ عرّق. (L, TA.) [See also the saying ضَرَبَتْ فِيهِ فُلَانَةُ بِعِرْقٍ ذِى أَشَبٍ in the second quarter of the first paragraph of art. ضرب.] And أُعْرِقَ, (S, O, [agreeably with the context in both, in like manner as it is with explanations of phrases here preceding,]) or أَعْرَقَ, (K, [but I know nothing that is in favour of this latter except a questionable explanation of مُعْرِقٌ which will be mentioned below, voce عَرِيقٌ,]) said of a man, and likewise of a horse, (S, O,) He was, or became, rooted (عَرِيقًا), (S, O, K,) i. e. one having a radical, or hereditary, share (لَهُ عِرْقٌ), in generousness or nobleness [of origin, which, accord. to the S and O, and common usage, seems to be implied by the verb when used absolutely], (S, O, K,) and also in meanness or ignobleness [thereof; meaning he had a strain of, i. e. an inborn disposition to, generousness or nobleness, and also meanness or ignobleness]. (S, * O, * K.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce طَابٌ, in art. طيب. And see also the last form of 1 (عَرُقَ) in the present art.]

A5: أَعْرَقَ also signifies He (a man, S, O) went, or came, (صَارَ, S, or أَتَى, K,) or journeyed, (سَارَ, O,) to El-'Irák: (S, O, K:) and ↓ اعترقوا They entered upon, or took their way in or into, the country of El-'Irák. (Th, TA.) 5 تَعَرَّقَ see 1, former half, in four places: A2: and 2, former half: A3: and 4, former half, in two places.

A4: تَعَرَّقْ فِى ظِلِّ نَاقَتِى Walk thou in the shade of my she-camel, and profit by it, little and little. (TA.) A5: صَارَعَهُ فَتَعَرَّقَهُ He wrestled with him, and took his head beneath his armpit and threw him down. (K.) 8 إِعْتَرَقَ see 1, first sentence: A2: and 4, former half: A3: and the same, last sentence.

A4: اعترق النَّاقَةَ He took the she-camel and tied the cord called زِمَام to her خِطَام [or halter, or the like]. (TA.) 10 استعرق He exposed himself to the heat in order that he might sweat: (IF, O, K:) he stood in a place on which the sun shone, and covered himself with his clothes [for that purpose]. (Z, TA.) A2: See also 4, former half.

A3: استعرقت الإِبِلُ The camels pastured near to the sea or a great river, i. e., in a place of pasture such as is termed عِرَاق: so says Az: or, as AHn says, the camels came to a piece, or tract, of land, such as is termed عِرْق, i. e., one exuding water and producing salt and giving growth to trees. (TA.) Q. Q. 1 عَرْقَيْتُ الدَّلْوَ, inf. n. عَرْقَاةٌ, I bound, or tied, upon the leathern bucket the two cross-pieces of wood called the عَرْقُوَتَانِ. (S.) عَرْقٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ عُرَاقٌ (K) [the latter also a pl.] A bone of which the flesh has been taken: (S, O:) or a bone of which the flesh has been eaten: (Msb, K:) or a bone of which most of the flesh has been taken, some thin and savoury portions of flesh remaining upon it: (TA:) or the former signifies a bone upon which is flesh: and one upon which is no flesh: or, as some say, whereof most of that which was upon it has been taken, some little remaining upon it: (Mgh:) or, as some say, a piece of flesh-meat; as also ↓ عَرْقَةٌ: (TA:) or عَرْقٌ signifies a bone with its flesh: and ↓ عُرَاقٌ, a bone of which the flesh has been eaten: (K:) thus they are correctly expl. accord. to Ez-Zejjájee; and the like is said by Az respecting ↓ عُرَاقٌ: (TA:) but accord. to A'Obeyd, this signifies a piece of flesh-meat; and IAmb says that this is the right explanation, because the Arabs say أَكَلْتُ العُرَاقَ, and they do not say أَكَلْتُ العَظْمَ: (Har p.26:) [or, app., the flesh-meat of a bone: and likewise the portions, of trees, that are cropped by camels: (see عُرَامٌ:)] the pl. (of عَرْقٌ, S, Mgh, O) is ↓ عُرَاقٌ, (S, Mgh, O, K,) which is extr, (IAth, K,) a pl. of a measure of which, as that of a pl., there are few instances, (ISk, S, O,) [see an ex. voce جَنَاحٌ,] and عِرَاقٌ, also, (IAar, K,) which is more agreeable with analogy. (IAar, TA.) b2: Also A road which men travel [as though they pared it] so that it becomes plainly apparent: (K, * TA:) an inf. n. used as a subst. [properly so termed]. (TA.) b3: See also عَرَقٌ, near the end.

عِرْقٌ A certain appertenance of a tree; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) the root thereof; or the part thereof that is beneath the ground; (MA;) or its branching roots [collectively]: (TA:) pl. [of mult.] عُرُوقٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and عِرَاقٌ and [of pauc.] أَعْرَاقٌ. (K.) b2: It is said in a trad., لَيْسَ لِعِرْقٍ ظَالِمٍ حَقٌّ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) i. e. لِذِى عِرْقٍ

ظَالِمٍ, (Mgh, O, Msb,) meaning (tropical:) [There is no right pertaining] to him who plants, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) or sows, (S,) in land, (Mgh, Msb,) or in land which another has brought into cultivation (S, O, Msb) after it has been waste, (S, O, Msb, *) wrongfully, in order that he may have a claim to that land: (S, Mgh, O, Msb:) the epithet being tropically applied to the عِرْق, (Mgh, Msb,) as it properly applies to the owner thereof: (Mgh:) but some, in relating this trad., say لِعِرْقِ ظَالِمٍ, making the former noun to be a prefix to the latter, governing it in the gen. case. (O.) b3: The roots of the أَرْطَى (عُرُوقُ الأَرْطَى) are long, red, penetrating into the moist earth, succulent, compact, and dripping with water: and to them, in a trad., certain camels are likened in respect of their redness and plumpness and the compactness of their flesh and fat. (TA.) b4: العُرُوقُ also signifies A certain plant with which one dyes: (S, O:) or العُرُوقُ الصُّفْرُ, a certain plant used by the dyers, called in Pers\. زَرْدَچُوبَة [or زَرْدٌ چُوبْ], (K, TA,) i. e. yellow wood: (TA:) or i. q. الهُرْدُ: or المَامِيرَانُ, (K,) or المَامِيرَانُ الصِّينِىُّ: (TA:) or الكُرْكُمُ الصَّغِيرُ: (K:) all which are nearly alike. (TA. [See also بَقْلَةُ الخَطَاطِيفِ, voce بقل.]) b5: And العُرُوقُ الحُمْرُ Madder, (الفُوَّةُ, K, TA,) with which one dyes. (TA.) b6: And العُرُوقُ البِيضُ A certain plant that fattens women; also called المُسْتَعْجِلَةُ. (K.) b7: [عُرُوقٌ seems sometimes to signify Straggling plants or stalks, spreading like roots: see جَنْبَةٌ. b8: And it signifies also Sprouts from the roots of trees: see عُسْلُوجٌ.] b9: And عِرْقٌ signifies also The root, origin, or source, of anything: (K, TA:) and the basis thereof. (TA.) [And particularly The origin of a man, considered as the root from which he springs: hence عِرْقُ الثَّرَى is said to be applied by Imra-el-Keys to Adam, as the root, or source, of mankind; or to Ishmael, as, accord. to some, the root, or source, of all the Arabs: (see “ Le Diwan d'Amro'lkais,” p. 33 of the Ar. text, and p. 103 of the Notes:) and the pl.] أَعْرَاقٌ signifies the ancestors of a man. (Har p. 634.) [And A quality, or disposition, possessed by a parent or by an ancestor or by a collateral of such person, considered as the source of that quality of a disposition in a descendant or in a collateral of a descendant: and such a quality, or disposition, when transmitted; a strain; i. e. a radical, a hereditary, an inborn, or a natural, disposition: and a radical, or hereditary, share in some quality or the like: pl. أَعْرَاقٌ.] One says, تَدَارَكَهُ أَعْرَاقُ خَيْرٍ [Good qualities or dispositions possessed by a parent or by an ancestor or by a collateral of such a person, or strains of a good kind, extended to him]; and أَعْرَاقُ شَرٍّ or سَوْءٍ [evil qualities or dispositions &c., or strains of an evil kind]. (TA.) And العِرْقُ دَسَّاسٌ [The natural disposition is wont to enter; i. e., to be transmitted to succeeding generations]. (TA in art. دس, q. v.) And عرقت فِيهِمْ عِرْقَ سَوْءٍ

[i. e. عَرَّقَتْ, or, accord. to more common usage, أَعْرَقَتْ, meaning She implanted, or engendered, in them, or among them, an evil strain, or radical or hereditary disposition]. (TA in art. ضرب.) And لَهُ عِرْقٌ فِى الكَرَمِ [He has a radical, or hereditary, share in generousness or nobleness of origin]: (S, O:) and in like manner one says of a person between whom and Adam is no living ancestor, لَهُ عِرْقٌ فِى المَوْتِ [He has a radical, or heriditary, share in death]; meaning that he will inevitably die. (O. [See also عَرِيقٌ.]) b10: [Hence, app., A little, or modicum, or small quantity or admixture, of something]. One says, فِيهِ عِرْقٌ مِنْ حُمُوضَةٍ, and مُلُوحَةٍ, i. e. In it is a little, or a modicum, of acidity, and of saltness. (TA.) And فِى الشَّرَابِ عِرْقٌ مِنَ المَآءِ In the wine is a small quantity [or admixture] of water. (S, O, K.) b11: Also A certain appertenance of the body; (O, Msb, K, TA;) i. e. the hollow [canal] in which is the blood; (TA;) [a blood-vessel; a vein, and an artery: also any duct, or canal, in an animal body: and sometimes, though improperly, a nerve: or any one of the appertenances of the body that resemble roots:] pl. [of mult.] عُرُوقٌ (O, Msb, K) and عِرَاقٌ (K) and [of pauc.] أَعْرَاقٌ. (Msb, K.) [Hence it may be applied to A spermatic duct: and hence, app.,] it is said in a trad., عَلَيْكُمْ بِالصَّوْمِ فَإِنَّهُ مَحْسَمَةٌ لِلْعِرْقِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) [Keep ye to fasting, for it is] a cause, or means, of stopping venereal intercourse: or an impediment to venery, and a cause of diminishing the seminal fluid, and of stopping venereal intercourse or passion. (T * and TA in art. حسم.) b12: عُرُوقُ الأَرْضِ means The pores through which exudes the moisture of the earth. (TA.) b13: And (i. e. عروق الارض) i. q. شَحْمَةُ الأَرْضِ [the significations of which see in art. شحم]. (TA.) A2: عِرْقٌ also signifies The body. (K, TA.) Thus in the saying, إِنَّهُ لَخَبِيثُ العِرْقِ [Verily he is corrupt, or impure, in respect of the body]. (TA.) b2: And Milk. (K.) One says, نَاقَتُكَ دَائِمَةُ العِرْقِ, meaning Thy she-camel has a constant flow, or abundance, of milk: or has constant milk. (TA.) [See also عَرَقٌ, first quarter.] b3: And Numerous offspring: (IAar, K:) or milk and offspring; as in the saying, مَا أَكْثَرَ عِرْقَ إِبِلِكَ وَغَنَمِكَ [How abundant are the milk and offspring of thy camels and thy sheep or goats!]. (TA.) [See, again, عَرَقٌ, first quarter.]

A3: Also Salt land that gives growth to nothing. (K.) b2: And (K) A piece, or tract, of land exuding water and producing salt, (AHn, K,) that gives growth to trees, (AHn, TA,) or that gives growth to the [species of tamarisk called] طَرْفَآء: (K:) a signification the contr. of that in the next preceding sentence. (TA.) b3: And A mountain that is travelled, or traversed: (TA:) or a mountain that is rugged, and extending upon the earth, (K, * TA,) debarring one by reason of its height, (TA,) and not to be ascended, because of its difficult nature, (K, TA,) but not long. (TA.) and A small mountain (K, TA) apart from others. (TA.) Thus it has two contr. significations. (K.) b4: And A thin حَبْل [or elongated and elevated tract (not جَبَل as in the CK)] of sand extending along the ground: (K, TA:) or an elevated place: pl. عُرُوقٌ. (K.) b5: See also عِرَاقٌ, latter half, in two places.

A4: عِرْقُ مَضَنَّةٍ and عِلْقُ مَضَنَّةٍ (the latter of which is that commonly known, TA) signify A thing of which one is tenacious; (O;) a thing held in high estimation, of which one is tenacious, (S and K and TA in art. ضن,) and for which people vie in desire: (TA in that art.:) but [said to be] used only in a case of negation: one says, مَا هُوَ عِنْدِى بِعِرْقِ مَضَنَّةٍ, meaning It is not, in my estimation, a thing of any value, or worth. (TA.) عَرَقٌ Sweat; i. e. the moisture, or fluid, that exudes (S, * O, * K, TA) from the skin of an animal; (K, TA;) or the water of the skin, that runs from the roots of the hair: a gen. n.; having no pl.; (TA;) or no pl. of it has been heard: (Msb:) Lth says, I have not heard a pl. of العَرَقُ; but if it be pluralized, it should be, accord. to analogy, أَعْرَاقٌ. (O, TA.) b2: It is metaphorically used [in a similar sense] in relation to other things than animals. (K.) [Thus] it signifies The [exuded] moisture of a well: (K:) and in like manner of earth, or land, when the dew, or rain, has percolated in it (نَتَحَ فِيهَا) so that it has met the moisture thereof. (TA.) b3: And The دِبْس [or honey] of dates; (K;) because it flows, or exudes, from them. (TA.) b4: And Milk; because it flows in the ducts (عُرُوق) [thereof] until it comes at the last to the udder: (K:) or milk at the time of bringing forth; as in the saying, مَا أَكْثَرَ عَرَقَ غَنَمِكِ How abundant is the milk of thy sheep, or goats, at the time of their bringing forth! (Az, O.) [See also عِرْقٌ, latter half.] b5: And (K) The offspring of camels: (S, O, K:) so in the saying, مَا أَكْثَرَ عَرَقَ إِبِلِهِ [How numerous are the offspring of his camels!]. (S, O.) [See, again, عِرْقٌ, latter half.] b6: And Advantage, profit, utility, or benefit: (O, K, TA; in [several of] the copies of the second of which, النَّقْعُ is erroneously put for النَّفْعُ: TA:) and a recompense, or reward: (K, TA; in some copies of the former of which, التُّرَابُ is erroneously put for الثَّوَابُ: TA:) or a little thereof; (K, TA;) likened to عَرَق [as meaning “ sweat ”]. (TA.) عَرَقُ الخِلَالِ means A thing that one gives, or yields, for friendship: (S, O, TA:) or a reward for friendship. (TA.) A poet says, namely El-Hárith Ibn-Zuheyr, describing a sword named النُّون, (O, TA,) belonging to Málik Ibn-Zuheyr, which Hamal Ibn-Bedr took from him on the day when he slew him, and which El-Hárith took from Hamal when he slew him, (TA,) وَيُخْبِرُهُمْ مَكَانَ النُّونِ مِنِّى

وَمَا أُعْطِيتُهُ عَرَقَ الخِلَالِ [And he shall tell them the place of En-Noon, from me, and that I was not given it as a reward for friendship]; meaning, that I took this sword by force. (O, TA. [In the S, the former hemistich of this verse is given differently, and, as is said in the TA, erroneously.]) b7: لَقِيتُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ

عَرَقَ القِرْبَةِ (which is a prov., TA) means [I experienced from such a one] hardship, as expl. by As, who says that he knew not the origin thereof, (S, O,) or difficulty, or distress, as expl. by IDrd: (O:) and it is said that the عَرَق [or sweat] is of the man, not of the قِرْبَة [or water-skin]; and the origin of the saying is, that water-skins (قِرَب) are [generally] carried only by female slaves that bear burdens, and by him who has no assistant; but sometimes a man of generous origin becomes poor, and in need of carrying them himself, and he sweats by reason of the trouble that comes upon him, and of shame; (S, O;) wherefore one says, تَجَشَّمْتُ لَكَ عَرَقَ القِرْبَةِ [expl. in art. جشم], (S,) or جَشِمْتُ إِلَيْكَ عَرَقَ القِرْبَةِ [likewise expl. in art. جشم]: accord. to Ks, the meaning is, I have suffered fatigue, and imposed upon myself difficulty, for thee, [or in coming to thee,] so that I have sweated like the sweating of the water-skin: or, accord. to A'Obeyd, I have imposed upon myself, in coming to thee, what no one has attained, and what will not be; because the قربة does not sweat: (O:) عَرَقُ القِرْبَةِ is a metonymical expression for hardship, and difficulty, or distress; because, when the قربة sweats, its odour becomes foul: or because it has no sweat; therefore it is as though one imposed upon himself an impossible thing: or it means the benefit of the قربة; (which is the flowing of its water, TA;) as though one imposed upon himself such a task that he became in need of the water of the قربة, i. e. of journeying to it; or it means a سَفِيفَة [or plaited suspensory] which the carrier of the قربة puts over his chest [when carrying the قربة on his back]: (K:) accord. to IAar, it signifies the suspensory (مِعْلَاق) by means of which the قربة is carried; as also عَلَقُهَا; (O, TA;) the ر being substituted for ل: (TA: see art. ر:]) but he says also that عَرَقُ القِرْبَةِ means one's sweating with the قربة by reason of the difficulty, or trouble, of carrying it; and عَلَقُهَا, that by which it is tied, or bound, and then suspended: (L, TA:) the former is also said to signify the ↓ عِرَاق [q. v.] of the قربة, that is sewed around it: (TA:) or it means that one has imposed upon himself difficulty, or trouble, or fatigue, like that of the carrier of the قربة, who sweats beneath it by reason of its heaviness. (K.) b8: عَرَقٌ also signifies A heat; i. e. a single run, or a run at once, to a goal, or limit. (S, O, K.) One says, جَرَى الفَرَسُ عَرَقًا or عَرَقَيْنِ The horse ran a heat or two heats. (S, O.) A2: Also A row of horses, and of birds, (S, O, Msb, K,) and the like; (S, Msb;) and any things disposed in a row; (S, O, K, TA;) as also ↓ عَرَقَةٌ; (TA;) or this latter is the n. un. [app. signifying one of such as compose a row]: (S:) pl. أَعْرَاقٌ and عَرَقَاتٌ. (Msb.) [See an ex. in a verse of Tufeyl cited in art. صدر, conj. 5; also cited in the present art. in the S and O.] b2: And Any row of bricks, crude and baked, in a wall: one says, بَنَى البَانِى عَرَقًا وَعَرَقَيْنِ and وَعَرَقَتَيْنِ ↓ عَرَقَةً [The builder built a row of bricks and two rows thereof]: (K, TA:) pl. أَعْرَاقٌ. (TA.) b3: And Roads in mountains; as also ↓ عَرْقَةٌ, (K, TA,) with fet-h and then sukoon. (TA.) b4: And Foot-marks of camels following one another: (K, TA:) n. un.

↓ عَرَقَةٌ. (TA.) [See an ex. of the latter voce طَرَقٌ.] A poet says, وَقَدْ نَسَجْنَ بِالفَلَاةِ عَرَقَا [And they had woven in the desert, or waterless desert, foot-marks in their following one another]. (TA.) b5: And A plait of palm-leaves (S, O, Msb, K) &c. (S, O) before a زَبِيل [so in the S and O] or زِنْبِيل [so in the K, both meaning the same, i. e. a basket,] is made therewith: (S, O, K:) or a زِنْبِيل itself: (K:) or hence (S, O) it signifies also (S, O, Msb) a زَبِيل (S, O) or [what is called] a مِكْتَل (Mgh, Msb) and زِنْبِيل, (Msb,) of large size, woven of palm-leaves, (Mgh,) capable of containing fifteen times as much as the measure termed ضاع, as some say, (Mgh, Msb,) or thirty times as much as that measure: (Mgh:) also pronounced ↓ عَرْقٌ. (K.) b6: [And A suspensory of a زَبِيل: see حَتِىٌّ, in art. حتى. (A similar meaning has been mentioned above, in this paragraph.)]

b7: See also عَرَقَةٌ.

A3: And Raisins. (K. [But this is said in the TA to be extr.: and I think it to have been probably taken from some copy of a lexicon in which زِبَيب has been erroneously written for زِبَيل.]) لَبَنٌ عَرِقٌ Milk of which the flavour is corrupted by the sweat of the camel upon which it is borne; (S, O, K;) the skin containing it being bound upon him without any preservative between it and his side. (S, O.) عُرَقٌ: see عُرَقَةٌ.

عُرُقٌ a pl. of عِرَاقٌ [q. v.]. (Lth, Az, S, &c.) A2: It is also expl. by IAar as meaning People of soundness in religion. (TA.) عَرْقَةٌ: see عَرْقٌ: A2: and see also عَرَقٌ, last quarter.

عِرْقَةٌ: see عِرْقَاةٌ, in four places.

عَرَقَةٌ: see عَرَقٌ, last quarter, in three places. b2: Also The piece of wood, or timber, that intervenes between the [or any] two rows of bricks of a wall. (S, O, K, TA. [ساقَى, in this explanation in the CK, is a mistake for سَافَى, with ف.]) b3: and The border (طُرَّة) that is woven in the sides of the [tent called] فُسْطَاط. (S, O.) See also عِرْقَاةٌ, last sentence. b4: And The دِرَّة [or whip], with which one beats, or flogs. (K.) b5: And The plaited thong with which a captive is bound: pl. عَرَقَاتٌ and [coll. gen. n.] ↓ عَرَقٌ: (K:) or عَرَقَاتٌ signifies [simply] plaited thongs (نُسُوع). (S, O.) عُرَقَةٌ, (S, O, K,) which is agreeable with general analogy, and ↓ عُرَقٌ, (K, TA,) which is not so, but which is used by some in the same sense as the former, (TA,) A man who sweats much, (S, O, K, TA.) عَرْقٍ, originally عَرْقُوٌ: see عَرْقُوَةٌ, of which it is a coll. gen. n.

عرقى, said by Reiske to signify The inner and thin skin in the egg of an ostrich, is evidently a mistake for غِرْقِئٌ.]

عَرْقَاةٌ: see عَرْقُوَةٌ: A2: and the paragraph here following, in two places: A3: and see also عُرَاقٌ.

عِرْقَاةٌ (O, K) and ↓ عَرْقَاةٌ and ↓ عِرْقَةٌ (K) A root, race, stock, or source; syn. أَصْلٌ: (O, K:) or a source of wealth or property: or the main portion of the root of a tree. from which the عُرُوق [or minor roots] branch off: (K:) or, as some say, عِرْقَاةٌ has this last meaning; or, as others say, ↓ عِرْقَةٌ. (Ltl., O.) They said, اِسْتَأْصَلَ اللّٰهُ

↓ عَرْقَاتَهُمْ and عِرْقَاتِهِمْ; if they pronounced the first letter with fet-h, they so pronounced the last letter [before the pronoun]; and if they pronounced the former with kesr, they thus pronounced the latter, regarding the word as pl. of ↓ عِرْقَةٌ: (K:) or, accord. to Lth, the Arabs are related to have said, اِسْتَأْصَلَ اللّٰهُ عِرْقَاتَهُمْ, meaning شَأْفَتَهُمْ [i. e. May God utterly destroy their race, stock, or family], pronouncing the ت with nasb because regarding the word as [a sing.] like سِعْلَاةٌ; or holding it to be pl. of ↓ عِرْقَةٌ, but pronouncing the تَ thus like as they do in saying رَأَيْتُ بَنَاتَكَ: it is said, however, that this is a mistake; that only he should pronounce it thus who makes the word to be a sing. like سِعْلَاةٌ. (O.) [The saying is a prov., mentioned by Meyd, who adds another reading, namely, عَرَقَاتهم, holding this to be from ↓ العَرَقَةُ meaning “ the طُرَّة that is woven around the فُسْطَاط: ” and Freytag, in his Lexicon, adds also عَرِقاتَه, with nasb, as on the authority of Meyd; in whose “ Proverbs ” I do not find it.]

عَرْقَان [accord. to general analogy without tenween and having for its fem. عَرْقَى, or accord. to the dial. of the Benoo-Asad with tenween and having for its fem. عَرْقَانَةٌ,] Sweating. (Msb.) عَرْقُوَةُ الدَّلْوِ is thus, (S, O, K,) with fet-h to the ع, (S, O,) like تَرْقُوَة, (K,) and should not be pronounced with damm to the first letter; (S, O, K;) and ↓ عَرْقَاتُهَا signifies the same; (K, TA; [in the CK, erroneously, عَرَقَاتُها; but expressly stated in the TA to be with fet-h and then sukoon;]) i. e. The piece of wood that is put across the دلو [or leathern bucket, from one part of the brim to the opposite part]: (TA:) the عَرْقُوَتَانِ being the two pieces of wood that are put athwart the دلو [to keep it from collapsing and for the purpose of attaching thereto the well-rope], like a cross: (As, S, O, K:) pl. عَرَاقٍ; (S, O, K;) and if you pluralize it by suppressing the ة [of the sing., or rather if you form from it a coll. gen. n.], you say ↓ عَرْقٍ, originally عَرْقُوٌ, (S, O, L,) then عَرْقِىٌ, and then عَرْقٍ. (L.) b2: العَرْقُوَتَانِ also signifies The two pieces of wood that connect the وَاسِط [or fore part] of the [camel's saddle called] رَحْل and the مُؤَخَّرَة [or kinder part thereof]: (S, O, K:) or, accord. to Lth, two pieces of wood which are upon the عَضُدَانِ [q. v.], on the two sides of the [camel's saddle called] قَتَب. (O.) b3: ذَاتُ العَرَاقِى means (assumed tropical:) Calamity, or misfortune: (S, O, K, TA:) for it is [properly] the دَلْو [or leathern bucket]; and الدَّلْوُ is one of the names for calamity: one says, لَقِيتُ مِنْهُ ذَاتَ العَرَاقِى [I experienced from it, or him, calamity]: (TA:) or, as some say, it is from what here follows. (S, O, TA.) b4: عَرَاقِى

الإِكَامِ signifies Such [eminences of the kind called إِكَام (pl. of أَكَمَةٌ or of أَكَمٌ)] as are very rugged, not to be ascended unless with difficulty, or trouble: (S, O, TA:) or عَرْقُوَةٌ signifies any أَكَمَه extending upon the earth, [in form] as though it were the heap over a grave, (Lth, O, K,) elongated: (Lth, O:) an أَكَمَة that extends, not high, but overtopping what is around it, near to the ground or not near, and varying in different parts so that one place thereof is soft and another place thereof rugged; being only a level portion of the earth overtopping what is around it: (ISh, TA:) and العَرَاقِى is also said to signify continuous, or connected, إِكَام, that have become as though they were one long جُرْف [or abrupt, water-worn bank or ridge] upon the face of the earth. (TA.) b5: العَرَاقِى signifies also The collar-bones (التَّرَاقِى), in the dial. of El-Yemen. (L, TA.) عَرَقِيَّةٌ, meaning A thing [i. e. a close-fitting cap, generally of cotton, to imbibe the sweat,] which is worn beneath the turban and the [cap called]

قَلَنْسُوَة, is a post-classical word. (TA.) عُرَاقٌ: see عَرْقٌ, in four places. b2: Also, and ↓ عُرَاقَةٌ, i. q. نُطْفَةٌ (O, K) مِنَ المَآءِ [app. meaning Clear water, whether much or little; or a little water remaining in a bucket or skin]: (K:) or, accord. to the L, the former word is pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.] of the latter in this sense: (TA:) and ↓ عَرْقَاةٌ signifies the same. (K.) b3: And A copious rain: (K:) or so ↓ عُرَاقَةٌ [only]. (TA.) b4: And عُرَاقُ الغَيْثِ The herbage that has come forth after the rain. (Ibn-'Abbád, A, O, K.) عِرَاقٌ The double suture that is in the lower part of the [leathern water-bag called] مَزَادَة and رَاوِيَة; (Lth, O, K;) and this is of the firmest kinds of suture therein: (Lth, O:) or the suture that is in the middle of the قِرْبَة [or water-skin]: (TA:) or the piece [or strip] of skin that is put upon the place where the two extremities, or edges, of the [main] skin meet when it is sewed in, or upon, the lower part of the مزادة: (K:) or the appertenance of the قربة, and of the مزادة, &c., which is [a strip of skin] doubled and then sewed [thereon thus] doubled: (Msb:) or, accord. to Az, the [piece of] skin that is doubled, and then sewed upon the lower part of the [water-skin or milk-skin called] سِقَآء: (S:) and, (K,) accord. to As, (S, O,) i. q. طِبَابَةٌ; (S, O, K;) i. e. the piece of skin with which the punctures of the seams are covered: (S, O: see also عَرَقٌ, latter half: [and see طِبَابَةٌ:]) pl. عُرُقٌ (Lth, Az, S, O, K, TA) and عُرْقٌ (TA) and أَعْرِقَةٌ; (Lth, O, TA;) the last a pl. of pauc. (Lth, O.) And عِرَاقُ السُّفْرَةِ signifies The suture surrounding the [round piece of skin called] سُفْرَة [q. v.]. (K.) b2: Also Nearness, together, of the stitch-holes in a skin or hide: [so I render تَقَارُبُ الخرزِ; reading الخُرَزِ: and it seems to mean also uniformity thereof: for it is added,] hence the prov., لِأَمْرِهِ عِرَاقٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) His affair is uniform, right, or rightly disposed. (TA.) b3: Also The side, or shore, (Lth, O, K,) of water, (K,) or of a sea, or great river, along the whole length thereof. (Lth, O, K. * [It is said in the K that عُرُقٌ is pl. of عِرَاقٌ in this sense: but afterwards, that the pl. of the latter in all its senses is أَعْرِقَةٌ also; to which the TA adds عُرْقٌ.]) and accord. to Az, Any pasturage adjacent to a great river or a sea. (TA.) And عِرَاقُ النَّهْرِ, (K,) or الرَّكِيبِ, (TA,) The border of the rivulet [ for irrigation] (K, TA) by which the water enters a حَائِط [i. e. garden, or garden of palm-trees surrounded by a wall], (TA,) from its nearest to its furthest extremity. (K, TA.) b4: Also The قُطْر [app. meaning side (but see this word)] of a mountain, by itself; [or so, perhaps, عِرَاقُ جَبَلٍ;] and so ↓ عِرْقٌ [or عِرْقُ جَبَلٍ]. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) b5: And, as also ↓ عِرْقٌ, Remains of the [plants, or trees, called] حَمْض. (K.) b6: عِرَاقُ الدَّارِ The court, or yard, in front, or extending from the sides, of the house. (IB, K.) b7: عِرَاقُ الأُذُنِ The circuit, or surrounding edge, of the ear. (K.) b8: عِرَاقُ الظُّفُرِ The flesh surrounding the nail. (K, * TA.) b9: عِرَاقُ الحَشَا The intestines that are above the navel, lying breadthwise, or across, in the belly. (K.) b10: And عِرَاقٌ signifies also The inside of feathers. (AA, K.) b11: The عِرَاقَانِ of the horse's saddle are The two edges of the دَفَّتَانِ, at the fore part of the saddle and its hinder part. (IDrd, TA voce قَرَبُوسٌ, q. v.) A2: [Also A pace, or rate of going.] One says in relation to a horse, on the occasion of drawing forth the sweat, and of careful tending, and fattening, اِحْمِلْهُ عَلَى العِرَاقِ الأَعْلَى وَالعِرَاقِ الأَسْفَلِ, meaning [Urge, or make, thou him to go] the vehement pace and the inferior pace. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, TA.) A3: العِرَاقُ is the name of A certain country, (S, O, Msb, K,) well known, (Msb, K,) extending from 'Abbádán to El-Mow- sil in length and from El-Kádiseeyeh to Hulwán in breadth; (K;) masc. and fem.: (S, O, Msb, K:) said to be so named because upon the عِرَاق, i. e. “ side,” or “ shore,” of the Tigris and Euphrates: (O, * K: [in which, and in other works, several other supposed derivations are mentioned, but such as I think too fanciful to deserve notice:]) accord. to some, it is arabicized, (S, O, Msb, K,) from a Pers\. appellation, (S, O,) i. e. from إِيرَان شَهْر, (As, O, * K, TA,) of which the meaning is [said to be] “ having many palmtrees and [other] trees; ” (K;) but [SM justly says,] in my opinion the meaning requires consideration. (TA.) b2: العِرَاقَانِ is an appellation of El-Basrah and El-Koofeh. (S, O, K.) عَرِيقٌ, (S, O, K,) applied to a man and to a horse, means [Rooted, i. e.] having a radical, or hereditary, share, (لَهُ عِرْق, S, O,) in generousness or nobleness [of origin, which, accord. to the S and O, and common usage, seems to be implied by the epithet when used absolutely], (S, O, K,) and also in meanness or ignobleness [thereof; or having a strain of, i. e. an inborn disposition to, generousness or nobleness, and also meanness or ignobleness]. (S, * O, * K.) And you say also فِى الكَرَمِ ↓ فُلَانٌ مُعْرَقٌ and فِى اللُّؤْمِ [Such a one is rooted, &c., in generousness or nobleness and in meanness or ignobleness]; and لَهُ فِى ↓ إِنَّهُ لَمُعْرَقٌ الكَرَمِ; (S, O;) and لَهُ فِى الكَرَمِ ↓ إِنَّهُ لَمَعْرُوقٌ, [the part. n. being formed] on the supposition of the suppression of the augmentative letter [in its verb, which is أُعْرِقَ]: (TA:) and in like manner, (S, O, TA,) in a trad., (O, TA,) a man of whom there is no living ancestor between him and Adam is said to be لَهُ فِى المَوْتِ ↓ مُعْرَقٌ (S, O, TA) i. e. Made to have a radical, or hereditary, share (عِرْقٌ) in death; (O, TA;) meaning that he will inevitably die. (S, O, TA.) [In the Ham p. 438, ↓ مُعْرِقٌ is expl. as syn. with عَرِيقٌ: but in the verse to which this explanation relates it is evidently employed in the sense of the act. part. n. of أَعْرَقَ as used in the phrase أَعْرَقَ فِيهِ أَعْمَامُهُ وَأَخْوَالُهُ, q. v.] b2: غُلَامٌ عَرِيقٌ means [A boy, or young man,] slender, or spare, and light of spirit. (TA.) عُرَافَةٌ: see عُرَاقٌ, in two places.

عِرَاقِىٌّ Of, or belonging to, the country called العِرَاق. (Msb.) b2: إِبِلٌ عِرَاقِيَّةٌ means Camels that pasture upon what are termed عِرَاق, i. e. remains of the [plants, or trees, called] حَمْض: (K, * TA:) or, app., accord. to Az, camels of, or belonging to, العِرَاق as meaning the waters of Benoo-Saad-Ibn-Málik and Benoo-Mázin: or, as some say, of, or belonging to, the عِرَاق as meaning the side, or shore, of water: and it is also said that the epithet in this phrase is a rel. n. from العرق [thus in my original, without any syll. sign and without explanation]. (TA.) عَرَّاقَةٌ, with teshdeed [to the ر], A thing [app. a cloth for imbibing the sweat] that is put beneath the تكلة [app. meaning pad] of the سَرْج [or horse's saddle] and the بَرْذَعَة [q. v.]. (TA. [The word تكلة, which I have not found anywhere except in this instance, I can only suppose to be an arabicized word from the Pers\. or Turkish تَگَلْتُو, which is commonly pronounced by the Turks تَكَلْتِى, with ك and ى, and which means a pad, or a piece of felt, put beneath the saddle to prevent its galling the beast's back.]) عَارِقٌ [act. part. n. of عَرَقَ]. A poet says, أَكُفُّ لِسَانِى عَنْ صَدِيقِى فَإِنْ أُجَأْ

إِلَيْهِ فَإِنِّى عَارِقٌ كُلَّ مَعْرَقِ [I restrain my tongue from my friend; but if I be compelled to have recourse to him in a case of need, I am one who gnaws to the utmost: مَعْرَق being here an inf. n.]. (S, O: mentioned in both immediately after the explanation of عَرَقْتُ العَظْمَ.) b2: And [the pl.] العَوَارِقُ signifies The أَضْرَاس [i. e. teeth, or lateral teeth, &c.]: (K:) an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates. (TA.) b3: And The سِنُون [i. e. years, or droughts, or years of drought]; so called لأَنَّهَا تَعْرُقُ الإِنْسَانَ, (K, TA, in some copies of the K الأَسْنَانَ,) i. e. because they take from the man [his flesh, or render him lean]. (TA.) أَعْرَقُ لَيْلَةٍ فِى السَّنَةِ, The night, in the year, most abundant in milk. (O.) A2: [أَعْرَقُ is also a comparative and superlative epithet signifying More, and most, rooted in a quality or faculty: regularly formed from عَرُقَ, or irregularly from أُعْرِقَ: but perhaps post-classical. (See De Sacy's “ Anthol. Gram. Arabe,” p. 183, lines 1 and 3, of the Ar. text; and p. 441 of the Notes, in which he has expressed his opinion that it signifies “ qui a jeté de plus profondes racines. ”)]

مَعْرَقٌ an inf. n. of 1 in the sense first expl. in this art. (S, O, K.) A2: [And a noun of place, signifying A place of sweat or of sweating of an animal; such as the armpit and the groin: pl. مَعَارِقُ. b2: Hence,] مَعَارِقُ الرَّمْلِ i. q. آبَاطُهُ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) The places where the main body of the sand ends, and where it is thin, not deep]: likened to the مَعَارِق of the animal. (TA.) b3: And معرق [thus in my original; perhaps مَعْرَقٌ, as denoting “ a place of sweat,” like مَمْطَرٌ from المَطَرُ; or ↓ مِعْرَقٌ, as being likened to a utensil, like مِمْطَرٌ, and as being in form agreeable with many words denoting articles of dress;] signifies An innermost garment for imbibing the sweat, lest it should reach to the garments of pride [i. e. the outer garments]. (TA.) مُعْرَقٌ Wine (شَرَاب) having a little water put into it; (S, K;) and so ↓ مُعَرَّقٌ, (S, O, K,) applied to طِلَآء [which likewise signifies wine, or thick wine, &c.]; (S, O;) and ↓ مَعْرُوقٌ, (K,) of which last no verb has been mentioned: (TA:) or مُعْرَقَةٌ signifies wine (خَمْر) pure, or unmixed: or having a little mixture [of water]. (Ham p. 561.) A2: See also عَرِيقٌ, in three places.

مُعْرِقٌ: see عَرِيقٌ.

A2: [Accord. to Reiske, as mentioned by Freytag, it signifies Rain that appears to the people of El-Yemen from the region of El-'Irák.]

A3: تَرَكْتَ الحَقَّ مُعْرِقًا means Thou hast left the truth apparent, or manifest, between us. (TA.) مِعْرَقٌ An iron implement, or a knife, or broad knife, or broad blade, with which one pares a bone with some flesh upon it, removing the flesh. (TA.) A2: See also مَعْرَقٌ.

مُعَرَّقٌ: see مَعْرُوقٌ, in four places: A2: and see مُعْرَقٌ.

مَعْرُوقٌ A bone of which the flesh has been [eaten or] thrown from it. (TA.) b2: And A man having little flesh; (K;) and so مَعْرُوقُ العِظَامِ; (S, O, K;) and ↓ مُعْتَرَقٌ, (S, O, TA, [and probably in correct copies of the K, but in my MS. copy of it and in the CK ↓ مُعْتَرِقٌ, which does not accord. with any of the explanations of its verb,]) and العِظَامِ ↓ مُعْتَرَقُ; (TA;) and ↓ مُعَرَّقٌ, and مُعَرَّقُ العِظَامِ. (K.) And A horse having no flesh upon his قَصَب [meaning bones of the legs]; as also ↓ مُعْتَرَقٌ. (TA.) And مَعْرُوقُ الخَدَّيْنِ, applied to a horse, in which the quality denoted thereby is approved, Having no flesh in the cheeks: (TA:) and الخَدَّيْنِ ↓ مُعَرَّقُ a man having little flesh in the cheeks: (S, O:) and القَدَمَيْنِ ↓ مُعَرَّقُ, (K and TA in art. نهس,) and الكَعْبَيْنِ, a man having little flesh upon the feet, and upon the ankle-bones: (TA in that art.:) and ↓ مُعَرَّقٌ applied to a horse signifies مُضَمَّرٌ [i. e. rendered lean, or light of flesh, probably by being made to sweat, agreeably with an explanation of the latter epithet, and thus radically differing from مَعْرُوقٌ and مُعْتَرَقٌ]. (TA.) A2: See also مُعْرَقٌ.

A3: and see عَرِيقٌ.

مُعْتَرَقٌ and مُعْتَرِقٌ: see مَعْرُوقٌ; the former in two places.

عمل

1 عَمِلَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَمَلٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) He worked, or wrought; laboured; served, or did service: he did, acted, or performed: (K, TA:) [generally, he did, &c., with a sort of difficulty, or with intention; but sometimes said of an inanimate thing: (see عَمَلٌ, below:)] he did, or he made, wrought, manufactured, or constructed, a thing. (Msb. [See, again, عَمَلٌ, below.]) Accord. to Az, عَمِلَ is the only trans. verb of its measure having the inf. n. of the measure فَعَلٌ, except هَبِلَت, said of a mother, inf. n. هَبَلٌ; other similar verbs having the inf. n. of the measure فَعْلٌ; as سَرِطْتُ اللُّقْمَةَ, inf. n. سَرْطٌ; and بَلِعْتُهُ, inf. n. بَلْعٌ. (TA. [But see arts. سرط and بلع; with respect to the former of which I must here state that, since it was printed, I have found an authority for سَرْطٌ as inf. n. of سَرِطَ in a copy of the S; though in the K it is said to be مُحَرَّكَة, and accord. to the Msb it is like تَعَبٌ.]) You say, عَمِلْتُ عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ I officiated in the collecting of the poor-rate. (Msb.) [And عَمِلَ بِمَا فِى كِتَابِ اللّٰهِ He did according to what is enjoined in the Book of God.] and عَمِلَ فِى هَلَاكِهِ [He laboured to destroy him, or to kill him]. (K in art. شيط.) [And عَمِلَ فِيهِ It acted upon him, or it: and, said of a sword &c., it had effect, or made an impression, upon him, or it.] b2: [Hence,] عَمِلَ فِيهِ signifies [also (assumed tropical:) It governed it syntactically; or caused it to be مَرْفُوع or مَنْصُوب or مَجْرُور &c.; i. e.] it produced in it a certain species of syntactical desinence. (K.) b3: And عَمِلَ البَرْقُ The lightning was continual. (K.) And عَمِلَتْ بِأُذُنَيْهَا, said of a she-camel, (K,) and also, in a trad., of [the beast]

البُرَاق, (O, * TA,) She went quickly, or swiftly; (O, K, TA;) because she that does thus puts her ears in motion by reason of the vehemence of the pace. (TA.) And عَمِلَت [alone] said of a she-camel, signifies [the same: or] She was, or became, brisk, light, active, or quick. (K.) b4: and [hence, app.,] لَمْ أَرَ النَّفَقَةَ تَعْمَلُ كَمَا تَعْمَلُ بِمَكَّةَ, a saying mentioned by Lh, is expl. by ISd as meaning تَنْفَقُ [i. e. I have not seen the money that that one expends pass away as it passes away in Mekkeh]. (TA.) 2 عَمَّلْتُ فُلَانًا عَلَى البَصْرَةِ, (S, O,) or عَلَى البَلَدِ, (Msb,) inf. n. تَعْمِيلٌ, (S, O,) I made, or appointed, such a one governor (S, O, Msb) over El-Basrah, (S, O,) or over the province, or city, &c. (Msb.) And عُمِّلَ فُلَانٌ عَلَيْهِمْ, inf. n. as above, Such a one was made, or appointed, governor over them. (K, TA.) And one says, مَنَ الَّذِى عُمِّلَ عَلَيْكُمْ Who is he that has been set up as governor over you? (TA.) And فُلَانٌ ↓ اُسْتُعْمِلَ [Such a one was employed as governor over a people: (see a saying of 'Omar in art. ضعف, conj. 2:) or] such a one was appointed to one of the sovereign's offices of government. (TA.) b2: And عمّلهُ, (Mgh, O, K,) inf. n. as above, (K,) He gave him his عُمَالَة, or pay, or salary, for work, service, or agency; (Mgh, O, K;) as also ↓ اعملهُ. (TA.) 3 عاملهُ [He worked, laboured, served, acted, or transacted business, with him. Hence,] He dealt with him in buying and selling, (Msb, KL,) and the like: so in the language of the people of the cities. (Msb.) See also 6. [And hence the saying, عاملهُ مُعَامَلَةَ اللَّيْثِ (mentioned in the S in art. ليث) He did, acted, or dealt, with him in the manner of the lion.] b2: And i. q. سَامَهُ بِعَمَلٍ

[He made to him an offer of working, mentioning the rate of payment; or bargained, or contracted, with him for work]. (K.) Sgh says that المُعَامَلَةُ in the language of the people of El-'Irák is what is termed in the dial. of the people of El-Hijáz المُسَاقَاةُ, (Msb,) which is The employing a man to take upon himself, or manage, the culture' [or watering &c.] of palm-trees or grape-vines [or the like] on the condition of his having a certain share of their produce. (S and TA in art. سقى.) 4 اعملهُ He made him to work, labour, serve, or do service; or to do, act, or perform; (S, * O, * K, TA;) as also ↓ استعملهُ: (S, K:) he made him, or caused him, to do, or to make, manufacture, or construct, a thing. (Msb.) And one says also, يُعْمِلُ نَفْسَهُ فِى الأَمْرِ [He plies himself in the affair]. (S in art. عسم.) b2: And [hence,] He worked with it, [i. e. employed it, or used it, or plied it,] namely, his judgment, or opinion, and [properly] his instrument, or implement, (K, TA,) and his tongue; (TA;) as also ↓ استعملهُ. (K, TA.) And أَعْمَلَ ذِهْنَهُ فِى كَذَا وَكَذَا [He employed, or used, his intellect, or understanding, in such and such things;] meaning he considered, or forecast, the issues, or results, of such and such things with his intellect, or understanding. (TA.) b3: And أَعْمَلْتُ النَّاقَةَ [I hastened, and urged, the she-camel]: whence the saying, in a trad., لَا تُعْمَلُ المَطِىُّ إِلَّا إِلَى ثَلَاثَةِ مَسَاجِدَ, meaning [The camels that are used for riding] shall not be hastened nor urged [or plied, save to three mosques; that of Mekkeh, that of El-Medeeneh, and that of ElAksà at Jerusalem: see also a variation of this saying in the first paragraph of art. ضرب; and another voce عُرْوَةٌ]: and in a trad. of Lukmán, يُعْمِلُ النَّاقَةَ وَالسَّاقَ [He hastens, and urges, the she-camel and the shank], meaning he is strong to journey, riding and walking. (TA.) b4: See also 2, last sentence.

A2: [مَا أَعْمَلَهُمْ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ, a phrase occurring in art. صبر in the K, means How much do they occupy themselves in doing the deed of the the people of the fire of Hell!]

A3: أَعْمَلْتُ الرُّمْحَ means I thrust, or pierced, with the عَامِل [q. v.] of the spear. (Har p. 77.) [Or one says, أَعْمَلْتُهُ بِالرُّمْحِ, meaning I thrust him, or pierced him, with the عَامِل of the spear. (See De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., iii. 191.)]5 تعمّل He suffered fatigue, or difficulty; and strove, laboured, or toiled; syn. تَعَنَّى, (O, K, TA,) and اِجْتَهَدَ; (TA;) لِكَذَا [for such a thing]; (S, O;) and مِنْ أَجْلِهِ [on his account, or for his sake]; (K;) and فِى حَاجَتِهِ [in the case of his object of want]. (TA.) 6 تَعَامُلٌ is syn. with ↓ مُعَامَلَةٌ [generally as meaning The dealing together in buying and selling, and the like]. (TA.) One says, تعامل النَّاسُ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ [Men, or the people, dealt together in buying and selling with the dirhems; i. e. used the dirhems in buying and selling]. (Msb in art. روج.) And يُتَعَامَلُ بِهِ [The business of buying and selling is transacted with it; i. e. it is used in buying and selling]; referring to the [coin called]

فَلْس. (Msb in art. فلس.) 8 اعتمل signifies اِضْطَرَبَ فِى العَمَلِ [He went to and fro occupied in work, labour, or service]: (S, O, TA:) or he worked, laboured, or did service, for himself; like as one says اِخْتَدَمَ meaning خَدَمَ نَفْسَهُ: (T, TA:) or he worked, &c., by himself: (K, TA:) or he worked, &c., for another: (TA:) with an instrument, or tool, or the like; or with instruments, or tools, or the like. (M and K in art. اول.) A2: [It is also trans.] One says, اِعْتَمَلْتُ أَعْمَالًا, meaning اِكْتَسَبْتُ [I laboured to earn, or gain, sustenance]. (Msb.) and it is said in a trad., respecting Kheyber, دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِمْ

أَرْضَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يَعْتَمِلُوهَا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ i. e. [He gave to them their land] on the condition of their [bestowing labour upon it, or] doing what they required to be done [upon it], of cultivation, and sowing, and fecundating of the palm-trees, and guarding, and the like, from their own property. (IAth, TA.) b2: [And اعتملهُ signifies also He employed him, or used him, for work, or service; like استعملهُ: but is perhaps post-classical.]10 استعملهُ He asked, required, or desired, him to work, labour, do service, or act, (S, O, Msb, * TA,) for him. (TA.) [And استعمل, app. for استعمل نَفْسَهُ, He desired to act: see an ex. in art. روى conj. 2.] b2: See also 4, in two places. b3: And see 2. One says also, اُسْتُعْمِلَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى

الجَالَّةِ [Such a one was employed as collecter of the poll-tax]. (S and Msb in art. جل. See also a similar ex. voce ضِحٌّ.) And اِسْتَعْمَلْتُ الثَّوْبَ I made the garment to serve [i. e. made use of it] for clothing. (Msb.) And اِسْتَعْمَلْتُ اللَّبِنَ [I made use of the bricks], meaning I built with the bricks a building. (Msb.) And استعمل البَلَهَ [He feigned heedlessness, &c.; or made use of it as a mask, or pretext]. (K in explanation of تَبَالَهَ and تَبَلَّهَ. See also a similar ex. voce تَحَلَّمَ.) عَمَلٌ [mentioned in the beginning of this art. as an inf. n.] is syn. with مَِهْنَةٌ and فِعْلٌ: (K:) [accordingly, when used as a simple subst., it may be rendered Work, labour, or service: and a deed, or an action:] or it has a more particular meaning than فِعْلٌ; for it is a فِعْل [or deed] with a sort of difficulty; and therefore it is not attributed to God: or, accord. to Er-Rághib, it is any فِعْل [i. e. deed or action] that proceeds from an animate being by his intention; and thus it has a more particular meaning than فِعْلٌ; for the فعل is sometimes attributed to animate beings from which it proceeds without intention; and sometimes to inanimate things, to which the عَمَل is seldom attributed; and this is not used in relation to [irrational] animals except [as implied] in the phrases إِبِلٌ عَوَامِلُ and بَقَرٌ عَوَامِلُ: or, accord. to MF, the عَمَل is a motion of the whole, or of a portion, of the body; and sometimes, of the mind; so that it is the utterance of a saying, as well as the doing a deed with the member, or limb, with which things are gained or earned; though most readily understood as applied particularly to the latter; and some apply it particularly to that which is not a saying: it is also said that a saying is not termed عَمَلٌ in the common conventional language: and the truth is said to be, that it is not included in the terms عَمَلٌ and فِعْلٌ otherwise than tropically: (TA:) [see also عَمِلَةٌ:] the pl. of عَمَلٌ [used as a simple subst.] is أَعْمَالٌ. (K.) In the following saying, of a woman dandling her child, (S,) or of Keys Ibn-Ásim, (O, TA,) dandling his child Hakeem, (TA,) أَشْبِهْ أَبَا أُمِّكَ أَوْ أَشْبِهْ عَمَلْ the last word is a proper name of a man: (S, O, TA:) or, accord. to Aboo-Zekereeyà, [the meaning is, Share thou in the qualities of the father of thy mother, or share thou in the qualities of my course of action; for he says that] by عَمَلْ is here meant عَمَلِى. (TA.) اِبْنُ عَمَلِى means He who does my work, or the like of what I do. (TA in art. بنى.) And [hence,] فُلَانٌ ابْنُ عَمَلٍ Such a one is strong. (TA.) And بَنُو عَمَلٍ Those who journey on foot. (O, K, * TA.) [And عَمَلُ النَّخْلِ, occurring in the T, voce ضَيْعَةٌ, means The culture of palm-trees: like as عَمَلُ الأرْضِ means agriculture]. b2: And عَمَلٌ signifies also The striving, labouring, or toiling, in work; or the holding on, or continuing, in work: so in the saying of El-Kutámee فَقَدْ يَهُونُ عَلَى المُسْتَنْجِحِ العَمَلُ [For verily the striving, &c., in work is a light matter to him who seeks success]. (TA.) b3: [Also An office of administration; and particularly the office of governor of a province; and the office of collector of the poor-rates, and the like: and an agency of any kind; the management of the affairs and property of another; an employment. b4: Also A province; or territory under a governor appointed by a sovereign. Pl. in this and other senses as above.]

عَمِلٌ, as an epithet applied to a man, i. q. ذُو عَمَلٍ [Having work, labour, or service]; (Sb, K;) as also ↓ عَمُولٌ: (K:) or adapted, or disposed, by nature, to work, labour, or service; (S, O, K;) and so ↓ عَمُولٌ: (S, * O, * K:) or this latter signifies that makes much gain. (TA.) b2: And, applied to lightning, Continuing, or continual. (K.) b3: And عَمِلَةٌ, applied to a she-camel, Brisk, light, active, or quick; (K, TA;) like ↓ يَعْمَلَةٌ; (TA;) and so ↓ عَمَّالَةٌ. (A, TA.) عَمْلَةٌ Theft: or treachery, perfidy, or unfaithfulness: (O, K:) it is not used otherwise than in relation to evil. (O.) عُمْلَةٌ: see عُمَالَةٌ.

عِمْلَةٌ A mode, or manner, of work, labour, or service; or of doing, or acting; or of making. (K, TA.) One says رَجُلٌ خَبِيثُ العِمْلَةِ, meaning A man bad, or corrupt, in respect of [the mode of] gain. (TA.) b2: See also عَمِلَةٌ. b3: And see عُمَالَةٌ.

A2: Also The internal state, or condition, of a man, in relation to evil. (K.) عَمِلَةٌ, with kesr to the م, is syn. with عَمَلٌ [as signifying A deed, or an action]: (O, K:) so in the saying of a woman of the Arabs, مَا كَانَ لِى

عَمِلَةٌ إِلَّا فَسَادُكُمْ [There was no deed, or action, for me, except the corrupting of you]. (O.) b2: And A thing that is done, or performed; or that is made; (مَا عُمِلَ;) as also ↓ عِمْلةٌ. (K.) عِمْلَى: see عُمَالَةٌ.

عَمَلِىٌّ Practical; opposed to عِلْمِىٌّ: and fabrile; factitious; or artificial.]

عَمِلَ بِهِ العِمِلِّينَ, with two kesrehs and with the ل musheddedeh, (K, TA, but in the CK العِمِلَّيْنِ,) or العِمْلِينَ, or العُمَلِينَ, (K, TA,) or, accord. to ISd as on the authority of Th, العِمَلين and العِمْلين, [app. العِمَلِينَ and العِمْلِينَ,] (TA,) or العِملَيْنِ, [thus written without any vowel-sign to the م, and in the dual form,] (O as on the authority of Aboo-Zeyd,) and IAar adds العِمْلَيْنِ, with the م quiescent, (O,) [compare البُلَغِينَ and البُِرَحِينْ, which suggest that the correct forms may be العُمَلِينَ and العِمَلِينَ,] He exceeded the ordinary bounds, (K,) or went to the utmost point, (O, K,) in annoying him, (K,) or in reviling him and annoying him. (O.) عَمُولٌ: see عَمِلٌ, in two places.

عَمَالَةٌ Briskness, lightness, activity, or quickness, of a she-camel. (K.) b2: See also what next follows.

عُمَالَةٌ (T, S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and ↓ عِمَالَةٌ (Lh, Msb, K) and ↓ عَمَالَةٌ (K) and ↓ عِمْلَةٌ and ↓ عُمْلَةٌ (K) or ↓ عُمَّلَةٌ, with damm, and ↓ عِمْلَى, like ذِكْرَى [in measure], this last on the authority of Fr, (O,) The hire, pay, or recompense, (T, S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) of him who works, labours, or serves, (T, S, Mgh, O, Msb,) or for work, labour, or service. (K.) b2: And عُمَالَةٌ signifies also The state, or condition, of being occupied; or having work, labour, or service, to perform; contr. of بُطَالَةٌ as syn. with بَطَالَةٌ, inf. n. of بَطَلَ in the phrase بَطَلَ مِنَ العَمَلِ. (Msb in art. بطل.) عِمَالَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

عُمَّلَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

عَمَّالٌ One who does much work or labour or service: or who strives, labours, or toils, in work; or holds on, or continues, in work. (TA.) b2: عَمَّالَةٌ, applied to a she-camel: see عَمِلٌ.

عَامِلٌ [Working; labouring; serving, or doing service: doing, acting, or performing: and doing, making, working, manufacturing, or constructing, a thing:] act. part. n. of عَمِلَ: (T, Msb, TA:) pl. عَامِلُونَ (Msb, K, TA) and عُمَّالٌ (Msb) and عَمَلَةٌ, (K, TA,) which last signifies [particularly] workers with their hands, (Mgh in art. فعل, K, TA,) in various sorts of work, (TA,) in clay (Mgh, TA) or building (Mgh) or digging (Mgh, TA) &c.; (TA;) like فَعَلَةٌ [a pl. of فَاعِلٌ]: (Mgh:) and عَوَامِلُ, (K, TA,) as pl. of [the fem.]

عَامِلَةٌ, (TA,) [and likewise in this case of عَامِلٌ,] signifies oxen that plough, and that tread the corn, (K, TA,) and upon which water is drawn, and that are employed in other labours; and in like manner applied to camels: and it is said in a trad. that in the case of such animals no poorrate is required. (TA.) b2: Also [An administrator of public affairs; and particularly a governor of a province; and] a collector of the poor-rates [and the like]: and an agent who manages the affairs and property of another. (TA.) A2: عَامِلُ الرُّمْحِ (S, O, K) and ↓ عَامِلَتُهُ (K) The part, of the spear, that is next to the head, exclusive of the ثَعْلَب [or portion that enters into the head]: (S, O:) or the صَدْر [or fore part] of the spear, (K, TA,) exclusive of the head, accord. to A'Obeyd two cubits in length: (TA:) or, as some say, the spear-head itself is called عَامِلٌ: (O, TA:) pl. عَوَامِلُ. (TA.) See also ذِرَاعٌ, last sentence.

عَامِلَةٌ [as a subst., rendered so by the affix ة,] sing. of عَوَامِلُ, (T, TA,) which signifies The legs (T, K, TA) of a beast or horse or the like. (T, TA.) b2: عَامِلَةُ الرُّمْحِ: see عَامِلٌ, near the end.

طَرِيقٌ مُعْمَلٌ A conspicuous, travelled, road. (S.) مَعْمُولٌ [pass. part. n. of عَمِلَ, as such signifying Done, made, &c. b2: And] applied to beverage, or wine, (شَرَاب,) as meaning In which are milk and honey (Th, O, K) and snow: (Th, O:) occurring in a trad. of El-Shaabee. (O.) b3: [and An ass whose testicles have been extracted. (Freytag on the authority of Meyd.)]

مُسْتَعْمَلٌ as an epithet applied to a camel means Employed in work, labour, or service. (TA.) يَعْمَلٌ An excellent, or a strong, light, and swift, he-camel; (O, K;) though disallowed by Kh: (O:) and (O, K) يَعْمَلَةٌ an excellent, or a strong, light, and swift, she-camel, adapted, or disposed, by nature, to work, labour, or service: (S, O, K: *) or, accord. to Kr, the former signifies a swift she-camel; [but see what follows, as well as what precedes;] and is a subst. applied thereto, derived from العَمَلُ: and the pl. is يَعْمَلَاتٌ: (TA: see also عَمِلٌ:) neither of them is used as an epithet, each being only a subst., (M, K, TA,) accord. to Sb, for one does not say جَمَلٌ يَعْمَلٌ nor نَاقَةٌ يَعْمَلَةٌ, but only يَعْمَلٌ and يَعْمَلَةٌ as meaning a he-camel and a she-camel; and hence, he says, we know not يَفْعَل occurring as [the measure of] an epithet: but some make يَعْمَل to be an epithet. (M, TA.) يَوْمُ اليَعْمَلَةِ was one of the days [meaning days of conflict] of the Arabs. (O, K.)

علم

1 عَلِمَهُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عِلْمٌ, He knew it; or he was, or became, acquainted with it; syn. عَرَفَهُ: (S, K:) or he knew it (عَرَفَهُ) truly, or certainly: (B, TA:) by what is said above, and by what is afterwards said in the K, العِلْمُ and المَعْرِفَةُ and الشُّعُورُ are made to have one meaning; and this is nearly what is said by most of the lexicologists: but most of the critics discriminate every one of these from the others; and العِلْمُ, accord. to them, denotes the highest quality, because it is that which they allow to be an attribute of God; whereas they did not say [that He is] عَارِفٌ, in the most correct language, nor شَاعِرٌ: (TA:) [respecting other differences between العِلْم and المَعْرِفَة, the former of which is more general in signification than the latter, see the first paragraph of art. عرف: much might be added to what is there stated on that subject, and in explanation of العِلْم, from the TA, but not without controversy:] or عَلِمَ signifies تَيَقَّنَ [i. e. he knew a thing, intuitively, and inferentially, as expl. in the Msb in art. يقن]; العِلْمُ being syn. with اليَقِينُ; but it occurs with the meaning of الَمَعْرِفَةُ, like as المَعْرِفَةُ occurs with the meaning of العلْمُ, each being made to import the meaning of the other because each is preceded by ignorance [when not attributed to God]: Zuheyr says, [in his Mo'allakah,] وَأَعْلَمُ عِلْمَ اليَوْمِ وَالْأَمْسِ قَبْلَهُ وَلٰكِنِّنِى عَنْ عِلْمِ مَا فِى غَدٍ عَمِ meaning وَأَعْرِفُ [i. e. And I know the knowledge of the present day, and of yesterday before it; but to the knowledge of what will be to-morrow I am blind]: and it is said in the Kur [viii. 62], لَا تَعْلَمُونَهُمْ اَللّٰهُ يَعْلَمُهُمْ, meaning لَا تَعْرِفُونَهُمْ اَللّٰهُ يَعْرِفُهُمْ [i. e. Ye know them not, but God knoweth them]; المَعْرِفَة being attributed to God because it is one of the two kinds of عِلْم, [the intuitive and the inferential,] and the discrimination between them is conventional, on account of their different dependencies, though He is declared to be free from the imputation of antecedent ignorance and from acquisition [of knowledge], for He knows what has been and what will be and how that which will not be would be if it were, his عِلْم being an eternal and essential attribute: when عَلِمَ denotes اليَقِين, it [sometimes] has two objective complements; but as syn. with عَرَفَ, it has a single objective complement: (Msb:) it has two objective complements in the saying, in the Kur [lx. 10], فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ [and if ye know them to be believers]; and [in like manner] they allowed one's saying عَلِمْتُنِى [meaning I knew myself to be], like as they said رَأَيْتُنِى and حَسِبْتُنِى &c.: (TA:) and sometimes it imports the meaning of شَعَرَ, and is therefore followed by بِ: (Msb:) [thus] عَلِمَ بِهِ signifies شَعَرَ or شَعُرَ (accord. to different copies of the K) [i. e. He knew it; as meaning he knew, or had knowledge, of it; was cognizant of it; or understood it: or he knew the minute particulars of it: or he perceived it by means of any of the senses: and sometimes this means he became informed, or apprised, of it: and sometimes, he was, or became, knowing in it]: or in this case, [as meaning شَعَرْتُ بِهِ,] you say, عَلِمْتُهُ and عَلِمْتُ بِهِ [I knew it; &c.]: (Msb:) and one says, مَا عَلِمْتُ بِخَبَرِ قُدُومِهِ, meaning مَا شَعَرْتُ [I knew not, &c., the tidings of his coming, or arrival]. (TA.) ↓ اعتلمهُ, also, signifies عَلِمَهُ [He knew it; &c.]. (K.) And one says ↓ تَعَلَّمْ in the place of اِعْلَمْ [Know thou; &c.]: ISk says, تَعَلَّمْتُ أَنَّ فُلَانًا خَارِجٌ is a phrase used in the place of عَلِمْتُ [as meaning I knew, or, emphatically, I know, that such a one was, or is, going forth]; adding, [however,] when it is said to thee, اِعْلَمْ أَنَّ زَيْدًا خَارِجٌ [Know thou that Zeyd is going forth], thou sayest قَدْ عَلِمْتُ [lit. I have known, meaning I do know]; but when it is said, تَعَلَّمْ أَنَّ زَيْدًا خَارِجٌ, thou dost not say, قَدْ تَعَلَّمْتُ; (S:) accord. to IB, these two verbs are not used as syn. except in the imperative forms: (TA:) [or] عَلِمَ الأَمْرَ and ↓ تَعَلَّمَهُ are syn. as signifying أَتْقَنَهُ [app. meaning he knew, or learned, the case, or affair, soundly, thoroughly, or well: see art. تقن: but I think it not improbable, though I do not find it in any copy of the K, that the right reading may be أَيْقَنَهُ, which is syn. with تَيَقَّنَهُ; an explanation of عَلِمَ in the Msb, as mentioned above, being تَيَقَّنَ]. (K, TA.) And الجَمِيعُ ↓ تعالمهُ meansعَلِمُوهُ [i. e. All knew him; &c.]. (S, K.) b2: عَلِمْتُ عِلْمَهُ [lit. I knew his knowledge, or what he knew, app. meaning I tried, proved, or tested, him, and so knew what he knew; and hence I knew his case or state or condition, or his qualities;] is a phrase mentioned by Fr in explanation of رَبَأْتُ فِيهِ. (TA voce رَبَأَ, q. v. See also the explanation of لَأَ خْبُرَنَّ خَبَرَكَ, in the first paragraph of art. خبر: and see غَبَنُوا خَبَرَهَا, in art. غبن.) b3: عَلِمْتُ is also used in the manner of a verb signifying swearing, or asseveration, so as to have a similar complement; as in the saying, وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ لَتَأْتِيَنَّ عَشِيَّةً

[And I certainly knew that thou wouldst, or that she would, assuredly come in the evening]. (TA in art. شهد.) And يَعْلَمُ اللّٰهُ [God knoweth] is a form of asseveration. (IAth, TA voce قَيْرَوَانٌ: see an ex. in art. قير.) A2: عَلُمَ, agreeably with what is said in the M, which is عَلُمَ هُوَ نَفْسُهُ, accord. to the K عَلِمَ هُوَ فِى نَفْسِهِ, but the verb in this case is correctly like كَرُمَ, (TA,) He was, or became, such as is termed عَالِم and عَلِيم; (M, * K, * TA;) meaning he possessed knowledge (العِلْم) as a faculty firmly rooted in his mind: (IJ, * TA:) accord. to IB, i. q. ↓ تعلّم [q. v., as intrans.]: and he was, or became, equal to the عُلَمَآء

[pl. of عَالِمٌ and of عَلِيمٌ]. (TA.) A3: عَالَمَهُ فَعَلَمَهُ, aor. ـُ see 3.

A4: عَلَمَهُ, aor. ـُ and عَلِمَ, (K,) inf. n. عَلْمٌ, (TA.) signifies He marked it; syn. وَسَمَهُ. (K.) And one says, عَلَمْتُ عِمَّتِى, meaning I wound my turban upon my head with a mark whereby its mode should be known. (TA.) [See also 4.]

A5: عَلَمَ شَفَتَهُ, aor. ـِ (S, K,) inf. n. عَلْمٌ, (S,) He slit his [upper] lip. (S, K.) A6: عَلِمَ, aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. عَلَمٌ, (S, Msb,) He (a man, S) had a fissure in his upper lip: (S, Msb, K:) or in one of its two sides. (K.) 2 علّمهُ [He, or it, made him to be such as is termed عَالِم and عَلِيم; i. e., made him to possess knowledge (العِلْم) as a faculty firmly rooted in his mind: and hence, he taught him. And it generally has a second objective complement]. You say, عَلَّمْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ [I made him to know, or taught him, the thing], in which case the teshdeed is [said to be] not for the purpose of denoting muchness [of the action; but see what follows]; (S;) and عَلَّمْتُهُ الفَاتِحَةَ [I taught him the Opening Chapter of the Kur-án], and الصَّنْعَةَ [the art, or craft], &c.; inf. n. تَعْلِيمٌ; (Msb;) and علّمهُ العِلْمَ, inf. n. تَعْلِيمٌ and عِلَّامٌ, the latter like كِذَّابٌ; and إِيَّاهُ ↓ اعلمهُ; (K;) both, accord. to the K, signifying the same [i. e. he taught him knowledge, or science]; but Sb makes a distinction between them, saying that عَلَّمْتُ is like أَذَّنْتُ, and that ↓ أَعْلَمْتُ is like آذَنْتُ; and Er-Rághib says that ↓ الإِعْلَامُ is particularly applied to quick information; and التَّعْلِيمُ is particularly applied to that which is repeated and much, so that an impression is produced thereby upon the mind of the مُتَعَلِّم: and some say that the latter is the exciting the attention of the mind to the conception of meanings; and sometimes it is used in the sense of الإِعْلَام when there is in it muchness: (TA:) you say, الخَبَرَ ↓ أَعْلَمْتُهُ and بِالخْبَرِ [meaning I made known, or notified, or announced, to him, or I told him, or I made him to know, or have knowledge of, the news, or piece of information; I acquainted him with it; told, informed, apprised, advertised, or certified, him of it; gave him information, intelligence, notice, or advice, of it]: (Msb:) see also 10: [hence the inf. n. ↓ إِعْلَامٌ is often used, as a simple subst., to signify a notification, a notice, an announcement, or an advertisement:] and sometimes ↓ اعلم has three objective complements, like أَرَى; as in the saying, أَعْلَمْتُ زَيْدًا عَمْرًا مُنْطَلِقًا [I made known, &c., to Zeyd that 'Amr was going away]. (I'Ak p. 117.) b2: See also 4, in three places.3 عَاْلَمَ ↓ عَالَمَهُ فَعَلَمَهُ, aor. of the latter عَلُمَ, means [I contended with him, or strove to surpass him, in عِلْم,] and I surpassed him in عِلْم [i. e. knowledge, &c.]: (S, K:) [the measure يَفْعَلُ,] and in like manner the measure يَفْعِلُ, in every case of this kind, is changed into يَفْعُلُ: so says Az: [but see 3 in art. خصم:] and Lh mentions the phrase, مَا كُنْتُ أَرَانِى أَنْ أَعْلُمَهُ [I did not think, or know, that I should surpass him in knowledge]. (TA.) 4 أَعْلَمَ see 2, in six places. b2: One says also, اعلم الثَّوْبَ (S, Mgh, TA) He (i. e. a beater and washer and whitener of clothes, S, Mgh) made the garment, or piece of cloth, to have a mark; (Mgh;) or he made upon it, or in it, a mark. (TA.) [And, said of a weaver, or an embroiderer,] He made to the garment, or piece of cloth, a border, or borders, of figured, or variegated, or embroidered, work, or the like. (Msb.) b3: and اعلم عَلَيْهِ He made, or put, or set, a mark upon it; namely, a writing, or book, &c.: (Msb:) [or] اعلم عَلَى مَوْضِعِ كَذَا مِنَ الكِتَابِ عَلَامَةً [He made, &c., a mark upon such a place of the writing, or book]. (TA.) b4: اعلم الفَرَسَ He suspended upon the horse some coloured wool, (K, TA,) red, or white, (TA,) in war, or battle. (K, TA.) And اعلم نَفْسَهُ He marked himself with the mark, sign, token, or badge, of war; as also ↓ عَلَّمَهَا. (K.) [Or] اعلم الفَارِسُ The horseman made, or appointed, for himself, [or distinguished himself by,] the mark, sign, token, or badge, of the men of courage. (S.) And لَهُ عَلَامَةً ↓ عَلَّمْتُ I appointed to him (وَضَعْتُ لَهُ) a mark, sign, or token, which he would, or should, know. (Msb.) b5: And القَبْرَ ↓ علّم (K in art. رجم) He put a tombstone [as a mark] to the grave. (TK in that art.) A2: اعلم said of a well-sinker, He found the well that he was digging to be one having much water. (TA.) 5 تعلّم is quasi-pass. of 2 [i. e. it signifies He was, or became, made to know, or taught; or he learned: and is trans. and intrans.]. (S, Msb, K, * TA.) You say, تعلّم العِلْمَ (MA, K) He learned [knowledge, or science]. (MA.) See also 1, latter half, in three places. [In the last of those places, تعلّم app. signifies, as it often does, He possessed knowledge as a faculty firmly rooted in his mind.] Accord. to some, التَّعَلُّمُ signifies The mind's having its attention excited to the conception of meanings, or ideas. (TA.) 6 تعالمهُ الجَمِيعُ: see 1, latter half.8 اعتلمهُ: see 1, latter half.

A2: اعتلم said of water, It flowed (K, TA) upon the ground. (TA.) b2: And said of lightning it means لَمَعَ فى العلم [app. فِى العَلَمِ, and, if so, meaning It shone, shone brightly, or gleamed, in, or upon, the long mountain]: a poet says, بَلْ بُرَيْقًا بِتُّ أَرْقُبُهُ لَا يُرَى إِلَّا إِذَا اعْتَلَمَا [But a little lightning, in watching which I passed the night, not to be seen save when it shone, &c.]. (TA.) 10 استعلمهُ He asked, or desired, him to tell him [a thing; or to make it known to him]. (MA, KL. *) You say, ↓ اِسْتَعْلَمَنِى الخَبَرَ فَأَعْلَمْتُهُ

إِيَّاهُ [He asked, or desired, me to tell him, or make known to him, the news, or piece of information, and I told him it, or made it known to him]. (S.) عَلْمٌ: see مَعْلَمٌ, in two places.

عِلْمٌ is an inf. n., (S, K, &c.,) and [as such] has no pl. [in the classical language]. (Sb, TA voce فِكْرٌ.) [As a post-classical term, used as a simple subst., its pl. is عُلُومٌ, signifying The sciences, or several species of knowledge.] b2: Sometimes it is applied to Predominant opinion; [i. e. preponderant belief;] because it stands in stead of that which is عِلْم properly so termed. (Ham p. 632.) b3: And sometimes it is used in the sense of عَمَلٌ [A doing, &c.], as mentioned by Az, on the authority of Ibn-'Oyeyneh, agreeably with an explanation of عَالِمٌ as signifying one “ who does according to his knowledge; ” and it has been expl. as having this meaning in the Kur xii. 68 [where the primary meaning seems to be much more apposite]. (TA.) b4: لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى عِلْمٍ means [I met him the first thing, like لقيته أَدْنَى

دَنِّىِ and أَدْنَى دَنًا; or] before everything [else]. (TA.) عَلَمٌ: see عَلَامَةٌ. b2: Also An impression, or impress; or a footstep, or track, or trace. (TA.) b3: And The عَلَم of a garment, or piece of cloth; (S;) [i. e. the ornamental, or figured, or variegated, border or borders thereof;] the figured, or variegated, or embroidered, work or decoration, (Msb, K, TA,) in the borders, (TA,) thereof: (Msb, K, TA:) pl. أَعْلَامٌ. (Msb.) b4: And [A way-mark; i. e.] a thing set up, or erected, in the way, (K, TA,) or, as in the M, in the deserts, or waterless deserts, (TA,) for guidance, (K, TA,) in the M, for the guidance of those going astray; (TA;) as also ↓ عَلَامَةٌ: (K:) the former is also applied to a building raised in the beaten track of the road, of such as are places of alighting for travellers, whereby one is guided to the land [that is the object of a journey]: pl. أَعْلَامٌ: and عَلَمٌ also signifies a مَنَارَة [app. a mistranscription for مَنَار, without ة: see these two words]. (TA. [See also مَعْلَمٌ.]) [Hence, أَعْلَامُ الكَوَاكِبِ The stars, or asterisms, that are signs of the way to travellers: see مِصْبَاحٌ.] b5: And A separation between two lands; [like مَنَارٌ;] as also ↓ عَلَامَةٌ. (K.) [Hence,] أَعْلَامُ الحَرَمِ The limits that are set to the Sacred Territory. (TA.) b6: And A mountain; (S, K;) as a general term: or a long mountain: (K:) [app. as forming a separation: or as being a known sign of the way:] pl. أَعْلَامٌ and عِلَامٌ: (K:) the former pl. occurring in the Kur [xlii. 31 and] lv. 24. (TA.) b7: And A banner, or standard, syn. رَايَةٌ, (S, K, TA,) to which the soldiers congregate: (TA:) and, (K,) some say, (TA,) the thing [i. e. flag, or strip of cloth,] that is tied upon the spear: (K, TA:) it occurs in a verse of Aboo-Sakhr El-Hudhalee with the second fet-hah lengthened by an alif after it [so that it becomes ↓ عَلَام]. (IJ, TA.) b8: And (tropical:) The chief of a people or party: (K, TA:) from the same word as signifying “ a mountain ” or “ a banner: ” (TA:) pl. أَعْلَامٌ. (K.) b9: [In grammar, it signifies A proper name of a person or place &c. b10: And the pl. أَعْلَامٌ is applied to Things pertaining to rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage or the like, as being signs thereof; such as the places where such rites and ceremonies are performed, the beasts destined for sacrifice, and the various practices performed during the pilgrimage &c.; as also مَعَالِمُ, pl. of ↓ مَعْلَمٌ: the former word is applied to such places in the Ksh and Bd and the Jel in ii. 153; and the latter, in the Ksh and Bd in ii. 194: the former is also applied to the beasts destined for sacrifice in the Ksh and Bd and the Jel in xxii. 37; and the latter, in the Ksh and Bd in xxii. 33: and both are applied to the practices above mentioned, the former in the TA and the latter in the K, in art. شعر: see شِعَارٌ.]

A2: See also what next follows.

عُلْمَةٌ and ↓ عَلَمَةٌ and ↓ عَلَمٌ [the last of which is originally an inf. n., see 1, last sentence,] A fissure in the upper lip, or in one of its two sides. (K.) عَلَمَةٌ: see what next precedes.

عَلْمَآءُ fem. of أَعْلَمُ [q. v.].

عَلْمَآءِ in the saying عَلْمَآءِ بَنُو فُلَانٍ [meaning At the water are the sons of such a one] is a contraction of عَلَى المَآءِ. (S.) عِلْمِىٌّ Of, or relating to, knowledge or science; scientific; theoretical; opposed to عَمَلِىٌّ.]

عَلَمِيَّةٌ, in grammar, The quality of a proper name.]

عَلَامٌ: see عَلَامَةٌ: b2: and see also عَلَمٌ.

A2: [عَلَامَ is for عَلَى مَ.]

عُلَامٌ: see عُلَّامٌ.

A2: Also i. q. غُلَامٌ [q. v.]: an instance of the substitution of ع for غ. (MF and TA on the letter ع.) عَلِيمٌ: see عَالِمٌ. b2: العَلِيمُ and ↓ العَالِمُ and ↓ العَلَّامُ, as epithets applied to God, signify [The Omniscient;] He who knows what has been and what will be; who ever has known, and ever will know, what has been and what will be; from whom nothing is concealed in the earth nor in the heaven; whose knowledge comprehends all things, the covert thereof and the overt, the small thereof and the great, in the most complete manner. (TA.) عَلَامَةٌ i. q. سِمَةٌ [A mark, sign, or token, by which a person or thing is known; a cognizance, or badge; a characteristic; an indication; a symptom]; (K; [see also مَعْلَمٌ;]) and ↓ عَلَمٌ is syn. therewith [as meaning thus]; (S, Msb, TA;) and so ↓ أُعْلُومَةٌ, (Abu-l-'Omeythil ElAarábee, TA,) as in the saying ↓ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ أُعْلُومَةٌ [Among the people, or party, is a mark, sign, or token]; and the pl. of this last is أَعَالِيمُ: (TA:) the pl. of عَلَامَةٌ is عَلَامَاتٌ (Msb) and [the coll. gen. n.] ↓ عَلَامٌ, (K, TA,) differing from عَلَامَةٌ only by the apocopating of the ة. (TA.) b2: See also عَلَمٌ, in two places.

عُلَامِىٌّ Light, or active; and sharp, or acute, in mind; (K, TA;) applied to a man: it is without teshdeed, and with the relative ى; from عُلَامٌ [signifying “ a hawk ”]. (TA.) عَلَّامٌ and ↓ عُلَّامٌ, (K, TA,) both mentioned by ISd, the latter [which is less used] from Lh, (TA,) and ↓ عَلَّامَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ تِعْلِمَةٌ and ↓ تِعْلَامَةٌ, (K,) Very knowing or scientific or learned: (S, K:) the ة in ↓ عَلَّامَةٌ is added to denote intensiveness; (S;) or [rather] to denote that the person to whom it is applied has attained the utmost degree of the quality signified thereby; [so that it means knowing &c. in the utmost degree; or it may be rendered very very, or singularly, knowing or scientific or learned;] and this epithet is applied also to a woman: (IJ, TA:) [↓ تِعْلَامَةٌ, likewise, is doubly intensive; and so, app., is ↓ تِعْلِمَةٌ:] the pl. of عَلَّامٌ is عَلَّامُونَ; and that of ↓ عُلَّامٌ is عُلَّامُونَ. (TA.) See also, for the first, عَلِيمٌ. b2: Also the same epithets, (K,) or عَلَّامٌ and ↓ عَلَّامَةٌ, (TA,) i. q. نَسَّابَةٌ; (K, TA;) [or rather عَلَّامٌ signifies نَسَّابٌ, i. e. very skilful in genealogies, or a great genealogist; and ↓ عَلَّامَةٌ signifies نَسَّابَةٌ, i. e. possessing the utmost knowledge in genealogies, or a most skilful genealogist;] from العِلْمُ. (TA.) عُلَّامٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places. b2: Also, and ↓ عُلَامٌ, The صَقْر [or hawk]; (K;) the latter on the authority of IAar: (TA:) and [particularly] the بَاشَق [i. e. the musket, or sparrow-hawk]; (K;) as some say: (TA:) or so the former word, (T, * S, TA,) or the latter word accord. to Kr and IB. (TA.) b3: And the former word, The [plant called] حِنَّآء

[i. e. Lawsonia inermis]: (IAar, S, K, TA:) thus correctly, but mentioned by Kr as without tesh-deed. (TA.) b4: And the same, i. e. with tesh-deed, The kernel of the stone of the نَبِق [or fruit, i. e. drupe, of the lote-tree called سِدْر]. (TA.) عَلَّامَةٌ: see عَلَّامٌ, in four places.

عُلَّامَةٌ: see مَعْلَمٌ.

العَالَمُ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) said by some to be also pronounced ↓ العَالِمُ, (MF, TA,) and pronounced by El-Hajjáj with hemz [i. e. العَأْلَمُ], is primarily a name for That by means of which one knows [a thing]; like as الخَاتَمُ is a name for “ that by means of which one seals ” [a thing]: accord. to some of the expositors of the Kur-án, its predominant application is to that by means of which the Creator is known: then to the intelligent beings of mankind and of the jinn or genii: or to mankind and the jinn and the angels: and mankind [alone]: Es-Seyyid Esh-Shereef [El-Jurjánee] adopts the opinion that it is applied to every kind [of these, so that one says عَالَمُ الإِنْسِ (which may be rendered the world of mankind) and عَالَمُ الجِنِّ (the world of the jinn or genii) and عَالَمُ المَلَائِكَةِ (the world of the angels), all of which phrases are of frequent occurrence], and to the kinds [thereof] collectively: (TA:) or it signifies الخَلْقُ [i. e. the creation, as meaning the beings, or things, that are created], (S, Msb, K,) altogether [i. e. all the created beings or things, or all creatures]: (K:) or, as some say, peculiarly, the intelligent creatures: (Msb:) or what the cavity (lit. belly) of the celestial sphere comprises, (K, TA,) of substances and accidents: (TA:) [it may often be rendered the world, as meaning the universe; and as meaning the earth with all its inhabitants and other appertenances; and in more restricted senses, as instanced above: and one says عَالَمُ الحَيَوَانِ meaning the animal kingdom, and عَالَمُ النَّبَات the vegetable kingdom, and عَالَمُ المَعَادِنِ the mineral kingdom:] Jaafar Es-Sádik says that the عَالَم is twofold: namely, العَالَمُ الكَبِيرُ, which is the celestial sphere with what is within it; and العَالَمُ الصَّغِيرُ, which is man, as being [a microcosm, i. e.] an epitome of all that is in the كَبِير: and Zj says that العَالَمُ has no literal sing., because it is [significant of] a plurality [of classes] of diverse things; and if made a sing. of one of them, it is [significant of] a plurality of congruous things: (TA:) the pl. is العَالَمُونَ (S, M, Msb, K, &c.) and العَوَالِمُ: (S, TA:) and the sing. is [said to be] the only instance of a word of the measure فَاعَلٌ having a pl. formed with و and ن, (ISd, K, TA,) except يَاسَمٌ: (K, TA:) [but see this latter word:] العَالَمُونَ signifies the [several] sorts of created beings or things: (S:) [or all the sorts thereof: or the beings of the universe, or of the whole world:] it has this form because it includes mankind: or because it denotes particularly the sorts of created beings consisting of the angels and the jinn and mankind, exclusively of others: I'Ab is related to have explained رَبُّ العَالَمِينَ as meaning the Lord of the jinn, or genii, and of mankind: Katádeh says, the Lord of all the created beings: but accord. to Az, the correctness of the explanation of I'Ab is shown by the saying in the beginning of ch. xxv. of the Kur-án that the Prophet was to be a نَذِير [or warner] لِلْعَالَمِينَ; and he was not a نذير to the beasts, nor to the angels, though all of them are the creatures of God; but only to the jinn, or genii, and mankind. (TA.) b2: عَالَمٌ is also syn. with قَرْنٌ [as meaning A generation of mankind; or the people of one time]. (O, voce طَبَقٌ, q. v.) عَالِمٌ and ↓ عَلِيمٌ signify the same, (IJ, Msb, K, *) as epithets applied to a man; (K;) i. e. Possessing the attribute of عِلْم (IJ, Msb, TA) as a faculty firmly rooted in the mind; [or learned; or versed in science and literature;] the former being used in [what is more properly] the sense of the latter; (IJ, TA;) which is an intensive epithet: (TA:) the pl. is عُلَمَآءُ and عُلَّامٌ, (K,) the latter of which is pl. of عَالِمٌ; (IB, TA;) the former being [properly] pl. of عَلِيمٌ; and عَالِمُونَ is [a] pl. of عَالِمٌ; (Msb;) [but] عُلَمَآءُ is used as a pl. of both, (IJ, TA,) and by him who says only عَالِمٌ [as the sing.], (Sb, TA;) because عَالِمٌ is used in the sense of عَلِيمٌ: to him who is entering upon the study of العِلْم, the epithet ↓ مُتَعَلِّمٌ [which may generally be rendered learning, or a learner,] is applied; not عَالِمٌ. (IJ, TA.) عَالِمٌ is also expl. as signifying One who does according to his knowledge. (TA.) b2: See also عَلِيمٌ: and أَعْلَمُ.

A2: And see العَالَمُ.

عَيْلَمٌ A well having much water: (S, K:) or of which the water is salt: (K:) and a wide well: and sometimes a man was reviled by the saying, يَا ابْنَ العَيْلَمِ, referring to the width of his mother [in respect of the فَرْج]: (TA:) pl. عَيَالِمُ or عَيَالِيمُ. (S, accord. to different copies: in the TA, in this instance, the latter.) b2: And The sea: (S, K:) pl. عَيَالِمُ. (TA.) b3: And The water upon which is the earth: (S, K:) or water concealed, or covered, in the earth; or beneath layers, or strata, of earth; mentioned by Kr: (TA:) [عَيْلَمُ المَآءِ occurs in the JK and TA in art. خسف, and is there plainly shown to mean the water that is beneath a mountain, or stratum of rock: (see also غَيِّثٌ: and see غَيْلَمٌ:) and it is said that] المَأءُ العَيْلَمُ means copious water. (Ham p. 750.) b4: And A large cooking-pot. (T, TA voce هِلْجَابٌ.) A2: Also Plump, and soft, tender, or delicate. (S, K.) A3: And The frog. (AAF, K. [This meaning is also assigned to غَيْلَمٌ.]) b2: And i. q. ↓ عَيْلَامٌ; (K;) which signifies A male hyena; (S, K;) occurring in a trad. (خَبَر) respecting Abraham, relating that he will take up his father to pass with him the [bridge called] صِرَاط, and will look at him, and lo, he will be عَيْلَامٌ أَمْدَرُ [a male hyena inflated in the sides, big in the belly, or having his sides defiled with earth or dust]. (TA.) عَيْلَامٌ: see the next preceding sentence.

أَعْلَمُ [More, and most, knowing or learned]. Applied to God, [it may often be rendered Supreme in knowledge: or omniscient: but often, in this case,] it means [simply] ↓ عَالِمٌ [in the sense of knowing, or cognizant]. (Jel in iii. 31, and I'Ak p. 240.) [Therefore اَللّٰهُ أَعْلَمُ virtually means, sometimes, God knows best; or knows all things: and sometimes, simply, God knows.]

A2: Also [Harelipped; i. e.] having a fissure in his upper lip: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) or in one of its two sides: (K:) the camel is said to be اعلم because of the fissure in his upper lip: when the fissure is in the lower lip, the epithet أَفْلَحُ is used: and أَشْرَمُ is used in both of these, and also in other, similar, senses: (TA:) the fem. of أَعْلَمُ is عَلْمَآءُ: (S, Msb, TA:) which is likewise applied to a lip (شَفَةٌ). (TA.) b2: العَلْمَآءُ signifies also The coat of mail: (K:) mentioned by Sh, in the book entitled كِتَابُ السِّلَاحِ; but as not heard by him except in a verse of Zuheyr Ibn-Khabbáb [?]. (TA.) أُعْلُومَةٌ: see عَلَامَةٌ, in two places.

تِعْلِمَةٌ and تِعْلَامَةٌ: see عَلَّامٌ; each in two places.

مَعْلَمٌ i. q. مَظِنَّةٌ; مَعْلَمُ الشَّىْءِ signifying مَظِنَّتُهُ; (K, TA;) as meaning The place in which is known the existence of the thing: (Msb in art. ظن:) pl. مَعَالِمُ; (TA;) which is the contr. of مَجَاهِلُ, pl. of مَجْهَلٌ [q. v.] as applied to a land; meaning in which are signs of the way. (TA in art. جهل.) And hence, [A person in whom is known the existence of a quality &c.:] one says, هُوَ مَعْلَمٌ لِلْخَيْرِ [He is one in whom good, or goodness, is known to be]. (TA.) b2: Also A thing, (K,) or a mark, trace, or track, (S, TA,) by which one guides himself, or is guided, (S, K, TA,) to the road, or way; (S, TA;) as also ↓ عُلَّامَةٌ and ↓ عَلْمٌ: (K: [in several copies of which, in all as far as I know, وَالعَلْمُ is here put in the place of والعَلْمِ; whereby العَلْمُ is made to be syn. with العَالَمُ: but accord. to SM, it is syn. with المَعْلَمُ, as is shown by what here follows:]) and hence a reading in the Kur [xliii. 61], ↓ وَإِنَّهُ لَعَلْمٌ لِلسَّاعَةِ, meaning And verily he, i. e. Jesus, by his appearing, and descending to the earth, shall be a sign of the approach of the hour [of resurrection]: it is also said, in a trad., that on the day of resurrection there shall not be a مَعْلَم for any one: and the pl. is مَعَالِمُ. (TA.) And مَعْلَمُ الطِّرِيقِ signifies The indication, or indicator, of the road, or way. (TA.) b3: [And hence it signifies likewise An indication, or a symptom, of anything; like عَلَامَةٌ.] b4: See also عَلَمٌ, last quarter.

مُعْلَمٌ pass. part. n. of أَعْلَمَ [q. v.] in the phrase اعلم الثَّوْبَ, and thus applied as an epithet to a garment, or piece of cloth: (S:) [and also in other senses: thus in a verse of 'Antarah cited voce مَشُوفٌ:] and applied to a قِدْح [or gamingarrow] as meaning Having a mark [made] upon it. (TA.) b2: [See also a verse of 'Antarah cited voce مِشَكٌّ.]

مُعْلِمٌ act. part. n. of أَعْلَمَ [q. v.] in the phrase اعلم الثَّوْبَ: [and in other senses:] b2: thus also of the same verb in the phrase اعلم الفَارِسُ. (S.) مُعَلَّمٌ [pass. part. n. of 2, in all its senses: b2: and hence particularly signifying] Directed by inspiration to that which is right and good. (TA.) مُعَلِّمٌ [act. part. n. of 2, in all its senses: and generally meaning] A teacher. (KL.) b2: [It is now also a common title of address to a Christian and to a Jew.]

مَعْلُومٌ [Known; &c.]. الوَقْتُ المَعْلُومُ [mentioned in the Kur xv. 38 and xxxviii. 82] means[The time of] the resurrection. (TA.) And الأَيَّامُ المَعْلُومَاتُ [mentioned in the Kur xxii. 29] means[The first] ten days of Dhu-l-Hijjeh, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) the last of which is the day of the sacrifice. (TA.) b2: [In grammar, The active voice.]

مُتَعَلِّمٌ: see عَالِمٌ.

طبق

1 طَبڤقَ [طَبَقَهُ, aor. ـِ accord. to Freytag, is expl. in the K as syn. with أَطْبَقَهُ in the first of the senses assigned to this latter below: but I find no authority for this in the K nor in any other lexicon.]

A2: طَبِقَتْ يَدُهُ, (S, O, K, TA,) aor. ـَ and طَبَقَبْ, aor. ـُ (TA;) inf. n. (of the former, S, TA) طَبَقٌ (S, O, K, TA) and (of the latter, TA) طَبْقٌ; (K, TA;) (assumed tropical:) His arm would not be stretched forth; (S, O;) or (tropical:) stuck to his side, (K, TA,) and would not be stretched forth. (TA.) A3: طَبِقَ يَفْعَلُ بِى كَذَا i. q. طَفِقَ [i. e. He set about, or began, &c., doing with me such a thing]. (O, K. *) 2 طبّقهُ, inf. n. تَطْبِيقٌ: see 4. b2: [Hence,] طبّق السَّحَابُ الجَوَّ The clouds covered the mid-air between the heaven and the earth: (K:) and الغَيْمُ السَّمَآءَ ↓ أَطْبَقَ and طَبَّقَهَا [The clouds covered the sky]: (Mgh, TA:) both signify the same. (TA.) And طبّق المَآءُ وَجْهَ الأَرْضِ The water covered the face of the earth, or land. (K.) b3: And طبّق الشَّىْءُ, inf. n. as above, i. q. عَمَّ [The thing was, or became, common, or general, in its relation or relations, operation or operations, effect or effects, &c.]. (K.) And as syn. with عَمَّ it is trans.: so in the phrase, هٰذَا مَطَرٌ طَبَّقَ الأَرْضَ [This is rain that has included the general extent of the land within the compass of its fall]. (TA.) And one says also, طبّق الغَيْمُ, (S, O, TA,) inf. n. as above, (S, O, K, TA,) The clouds rained upon the whole of the land; (S, O;) or made their rain common, or general, (K, TA,) to the land. (TA.) b4: تَطْبِيقٌ also signifies The making a thing to suit, match, tally, conform, correspond, or agree, with another thing. (KL.) b5: [And طبّق بَيْنَ الشَّيْئَيْنِ He put the two things together, face to face. (See also 3.) b6: Hence,] التَّطْبِيقُ in the divinely-appointed act of prayer is The putting the hands [together, palm to palm,] between the thighs in the act of bowing oneself; (S, O, K;) and in like manner in the act termed التَّشَهُّد [q. v.]. (El-Harbee, TA.) One says of a person bowing himself in prayer, طبّق, and likewise ↓ اطبق, (TA,) or طبّق كَفَّيْهِ, (Mgh,) or طبّق بَيْنَ كَفَّيْهِ ثُمَّ وَضَعَهُمَا بَيْنَ فَخِذَيْهِ, (O,) He put his hands [together, palm to palm, ana then put them] between his thighs. (Mgh.) The doing thus is forbidden; (Mgh, O;) for the hands should be placed upon the knees. (O.) b7: Also The horse's raising his fore feet together and putting them down together in running: (S, O, K:) or, accord. to As, the leaping of a camel, or of a she-camel, and then alighting so that the legs fall upon the ground together; the doing of which is not approved. (TA.) b8: And طبّقت الإِبِلُ الطَّرِيقَ (tropical:) The camels travelled the road without declining from the right direction. (TA. [The verb is there written without any syll. sings; but is evidently thus.]) b9: And طبّق السَّيْفُ, (S, O, TA,) [i. e. طبّق السَّيْفُ المَفْصِلَ,] inf. n. as above, (K,) The sword hit the joint (S, O, K, TA) and severed the limb: (S, O, TA:) or fell between two bones. (TA.) A poet says, (S,) namely, El-Farezdak, praising El-Hajjáj, and likening him to a sword, (O,) يُصَمِّمُ أَحْيَانًا وَحِينًا يُطَبِّقُ [expl. in art. صم]. (S, O.) Hence, يُطَبِّقُ المَفْصِلَ means (assumed tropical:) He hits aright the argument, proof, or evidence: (S, O:) and this is also said of an eloquent man. (Az, TA voce قَالَبٌ, q. v.) Hence also, طَبَّقَ alone, (assumed tropical:) He hit upon the right mode of judicial decision: (O, TA:) and the text of the tradition. (TA.) 3 مُطَابَقَةٌ signifies The putting a thing upon, or above, or over, another thing commensurate therewith: whence the phrase, طَابَقْتُ النَّعْلَ [i. e., as expl. in Bd lxvii. 3, I sewed another sole upon the sole or sandal]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) [Hence] one says also, طَابَقْتُ بَيْنَ الشَّيْئَيْنِ I made the two things commensurate, and stuck them together. (S, O. [See also 2.]) And طابق بَيْنَ قَمِيصَيْنِ He put on, or attired himself with, two shirts, one over, or outside, the other; (K, TA;) and in like manner صَافَقَ بَيْنَهُمَا, and طَارَقَ, (TA,) and ظَاهَرَ. (A &c. in art. ظهر.) b2: And طابقهُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. مُطَابَقَةٌ (S, O, K, TA) and طِبَاقٌ, (K, TA,) It suited, matched, tallied, conformed, corresponded, or agreed, with it; (S, * O, * K, TA;) and was equal to it; or was like it in measure, size, quantity, or the like. (TA.) b3: [Hence,] one says, هٰذَا جَوَابٌ يُطَابِقُ السُّؤَالَ [This is an answer, or a reply, that is suitable to the question]. (TA.) b4: And طابقت زَوْجَهَا She (a woman) complied with [the desire of] her husband: and طابقت said of a she-camel, and of a woman, She was, or became, submissive to him who desired her. (TA.) b5: And طابق لِى بِحَقِّى He obeyed me with respect to my right, or due, and hastened to render it; or he acknowledged to me my right, or due, willingly. (TA.) b6: And طابقهُ عَلَى الأَمْرِ He combined with him, and aided him, to do the thing: or [simply] he aided him to do it. (TA.) b7: And طابق عَلَى العَمَلِ He became accustomed, habituated, or inured, to the work. (S, * O, * TA.) b8: مُطَابَقَةٌ, of a horse, (S, O, K,) in his running, (S, O,) and in like manner of a camel, as in the A, (TA,) means His putting his hind feet in the places that were those of his fore feet. (S, O, K.) b9: And (hence, TA) (tropical:) The walking as one shackled; (S, O, K, TA;) i. e., with short steps. (TA.) [See an ex. voce حِجْلٌ.]4 اطبقهُ He covered it; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ طبّقهُ, inf. n. تَطْبِيقٌ; (K;) [i. e.] he made it to be covered; (S, O;) he put the طَبَق, i. e. cover, upon it, namely, a jar [or the like]. (Mgh. [And the like is said in several other arts. in other lexicons.]) And اطبقتُ الرَّحَى I put the upper mill-stone upon the lower. (TA.) b2: See also 2, second sentence. [This last ex. shows that اطبقهُ signifies sometimes It covered it as meaning it became a cover, or like a cover, to it; and اطبق عَلَيْهِ likewise has this meaning; as also عليه ↓ انطبق, and عليه ↓ تطبّق.] b3: [Hence,] one says, اطبق عَلَيْهِ الجُنُونُ (Msb, TA) (assumed tropical:) Insanity covered [i. e. veiled, or wholly obscured,] his reason, or intellect. (TA.) And اطبقت عَلَيْهِ الحُمَّى (Mgh, O, TA) (tropical:) The fever was, or became, continual upon him, not quitting him night nor day. (TA.) b4: اطبقوا عَلَى الأَمْرِ means (tropical:) They combined consentaneously, or agreed together, respecting, or to do, the thing, or affair; (S, * Mgh, * O, * Msb, TA; *) and so عَلَيْهِ ↓ تطابقوا. (MA.) b5: And اطبقوا عَلَيْهِ They came round about him. (MA.) b6: [And اطبقت عَلَيْهِ الحَيَّةُ The serpent wound itself round upon him. (See طَبَقٌ, last sentence.)] b7: And اطبقت النُّجُومُ The stars appeared, and were numerous; (O, K, TA;) [as though they were like a cover; or] as though they were stage above stage (طَبَقَةٌ فَوْقَ طَبَقَةٍ). (TA.) b8: [اطبقهُ عَلَيْهِ signifies He made it to cover it; i. e., to be a cover, or like a cover, upon it.] You say, أَطْبَقَ عَلَى مَخْرَجِ الحَرْفِ مِنَ اللِّسَانِ مَا حَاذَاهُ مِنَ الحَنَكِ [He made to cover the part of the tongue which was the place of utterance of the letter what was opposite to it of the palate; i. e. he put that part of his tongue close beneath the opposite part of the palate]. (O.) b9: [Hence,] أَطْبَقَ عَلَيْهِمُ العَذَابَ, said of God, (tropical:) He made punishment to fall, or come, upon them in common, or universally, [as though He made it to cover them,] so that none of them escaped. (Jel in xci. 14.) b10: And أَطْبَقَ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ الحُمَّى, and الجُنُونَ, (assumed tropical:) God made the fever to be continual upon him, and in like manner insanity: the verb being used as intrans. and trans. (Msb. [But its author adds that he had not found this: meaning that he had not found any classical authority for the trans. use of the verb in this and similar senses.]) b11: One says also, اطبق البَابَ [He closed the door]. (Msb and K in art. وصد; &c.) And أَطْبِقْ شَفَتَيْكَ [Close thy lips;] i. e. (assumed tropical:) be thou silent. (TA.) [And اطبق الكِتَابَ He closed, or shut, the book. And اطبق الثَّوْبَ He folded together the garment, or piece of cloth.] See also 2, in the middle of the paragraph.

A2: مَا أَطْبَقَهُ How skilful is he (O, K) لِكَذَا [for the performance of such a thing]! (O) is form طَبَّقَ المَفْصِلَ. (JK.) 5 تطبّق: see 7. b2: تطبّق عَلَيْهِ: see 4. [Hence,] one says, لَوْ تَطَبَّقَتِ السَّمَآءُ عَلَى الأَرْضِ مَا فَعَلْتُ كَذَا [If the heaven became as a cover upon the earth, I would not do such a thing]. (S, O.) 6 تطابق الشَّيْآنِ The two things suited, matched, tallied, conformed, corresponded, or agreed, each with the other; (S, * O, * TA;) and were equal, each to the other; or were like each other in measure, size, quantity, or the like. (TA.) And تطابقوا عَلَى الأَمْرِ: see 4.7 انطبق It was, or became, covered; (O, K;) [i. e.] it was made to be covered;] or it had the طَبَق, i. e. cover, put upon it;] quasi-pass. of أَطْبَقَهُ; (O;) and so ↓ تطبّق. (S, O, K.) b2: [And It became closed; said of a door, &c. b3: Hence,] يَنْطَبِقُ عَلَيْهِ الكَلَامُ i. q. يَنْغَلِقُ (assumed tropical:) [Speech is as though it were closed against him; i. e. he is impeded in his speech, unable to speak, or tonguetied]. (O.) b4: See also 4. b5: [Hence one says of a rule, يَنْطَبِقُ عَلَى كَذَا وَكَذَا (assumed tropical:) It applies to such and such things or subjects.]

طَبْقٌ: see an ex. of the accus. case, in the phrase وَلَدَتِ الغَنَمُ طَبْقًا, voce طَبَقٌ, last quarter.

A2: طَبْقٌ is also expl., by IAar, as meaning The doing wrong, or injuring, by false pretence or false allegation. (TA.) طِبْقٌ: see طَبَقٌ, in the latter part of the former half. b2: طِبْقُ الأَرْضِ: see طِبَاقٌ. b3: هٰذَا الشَّىْءُ طِبْقُ هٰذَا, (IAar, O, K, *) and ↓ طَبَقُهُ, and ↓ طِبَاقُهُ, (IAar, * O, * K,) and ↓ طَبِيقُهُ, (IAar, O, K,) and ↓ طَابَقُهُ, and ↓ مُطْبَقُهُ, (IAar, O, TA,) i. q. ↓ مُطَابِقُهُ [i. e. This thing is the match of this; or what suits, matches, tallies, conforms, corresponds, or agrees, with this; what is equal to this; or the like of this in measure, size, quantity, or the like]. (IAar, O, K, TA.) b4: طِبْقٌ signifies also A space, or period, (سَاعَةٌ,) of the day; and so ↓ طِبْقَةٌ: and ↓ طَبِيقٌ signifies the same of the night: (K:) you say, أَقَمْتُ عِنْدَهُ طِبْقًا مِنَ النَّهَارِ, and ↓ طِبْقَةً, I remained at his abode during a space, or period, (سَاعَةً,) of the day: (Ibn-'Abbád, O:) and طِبْقًا, (K, TA,) with kesr, (TA,) or ↓ طَبَقًا, (so in the O,) and ↓ طَبِيقًا, i. e. a while, or a long time, syn. مَلِيًّا: (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K:) or, accord. to the L, one says, أَتَانَا بَعْدَ طِبْقٍ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ, and ↓ طَبِيق, he came to us after a space, or period, (حِينٍ,) of the night; and in like manner, مِنَ النَّهَارِ of the day: (TA:) the pl. of طَبِيقٌ is طُبْقٌ. (K.) [See also طَبَقٌ, in, or near, the middle of the paragraph.]

A2: Also Bird-lime; a dial. var. of دِبْقٌ. (IDrd, O, K.) And The fruit of a certain kind of tree [app. meaning the berries of the viscum, or mistletoe, of which birdlime is mostly prepared, and which are called دِبْق in the present day]. (K.) And Anything with which a thing is stuck, or made to stick. (K.) And [particularly] A thing [or substance] to which the exterior lamina of the pearl is stuck so that it becomes like it; as also ↓ مُطَبَّقٌ. (TA.) b2: And Snares for birds, or things with which birds are caught; (Ibn-'Abbád, O;) like فِخَاخ; as also طِبَقٌ; of which [latter] the sing is ↓ طِبْقَةٌ. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) A3: Also A road, or way: A4: and i. q. دَسْتُور [as a Pers\. word, generally meaning Permission, or leave, as expl. by Golius in this instance]. (KL. [But for these two significations I have not found any other authority.]) طَبَقٌ A thing that is the equal of another thing (Msb, K) of any kind (K) in its measure so that it covers the whole extent of the latter like the lid: this is its primary signification: (Msb:) [whence] one says, هٰذَا الشَّىْءُ طَبَقُ هٰذَا, like طِبْقُهُ, q. v.: (IAar, O, K:) and [hence] it signifies The cover, or lid, (Mgh, K,) of a jar, (Mgh,) or of anything: (K:) pl. أَطْبَاقٌ (S, * O, * K) [and طِبَاقٌ, mentioned in the Msb as a pl. of طَبَقٌ in another, but similar, sense, which will be found in what follows, but better known as a pl. of طَبَقَةٌ], and أَطْبِقَةٌ is added as another pl. in the K, but [SM says] this is strange; I have not found it in the [other] lexicons; and it may be that the right reading is وَأَطْبَقَهُ, as syn. with what immediately there follows it, i. e. وَطَبَّقَهُ. (TA.) وَافَقَ شَنٌّ طَبَقَهْ is [a prov.] expl. (O, K, TA) by As (O, TA) as said of a company of men who had a receptacle of skin [i. e. a water-skin] that had become old and worn out, wherefore they made a طَبَق [or cover] for it: (O, K, TA:) [so that the meaning is, A water-skin that had become old and worn out suited its cover:] or شَنٌّ and طَبَقٌ [in the O طبقه] were two tribes; (S, * O, K * TA;) and, as ISd says, شَنٌّ does not here mean a water-skin, for this has no طَبَق: (TA:) or [طَبَقَهٌ is for طَبَقَةَ, and] طَبَقَةُ was an intelligent woman, whom an intelligent man took as his wife. (O, K, TA. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 800.]) b2: Also A certain household utensil; (Msb;) [i. e. a dish, or plate; perhaps thus called because the cover of a cooking-vessel is often used as a dish or plate;] the thing upon which one eats, (K, TA,) and in which one eats; and the thing upon which fruit is placed [i. e. a dish, or plate, used for that purpose; and likewise a round tray, and the like]: (TA:) pl. أَطْبَاقٌ and طِبَاقٌ. (Msb.) b3: b4: (tropical:) The surface of the earth [considered as a cover]. (K, TA.) [And in like manner applied to A layer, or stratum, of earth.

دَفَنْتُ الشَّىْءَ is expl. in the Msb as meaning أَخْفَيْتُهُ تَحْتَ أَطْبَاقِ التُّرَابِ I concealed it beneath the layers, or strata, of the earth, or dust. See also طَبَقَةٌ.] b5: (tropical:) The exterior part of the pudendum muliebre [considered as a cover]. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, TA.) b6: A fold, a ply, or an overlapping part, of a thing. (PS. [See حَفِثٌ.]) b7: [And hence, app., (tropical:) A roller of the sea: see آذِىٌّ.] b8: A thin bone [or cartilage] that forms a division between any two vertebræ: (S, O, K:) what is between any two vertebræ of a horse [&c.]: pl. أَطْبَاقٌ: (Kr:) and some say, the vertebræ altogether: and some say, a vertebra, in any part. (TA.) It is said in a trad. respecting the day of resurrection, تَبْقَى أَصْلَابُ المُنَافِقِينَ طَبَقًا وَاحِدًا, meaning [The backbones of the hypocrites shall be (lit. continue to be) as though they were] one vertebra: or, as some say, ↓ طَبَقَةً; and [they say that] طَبَقٌ is the pl. [or coll. gen. n.]. (O. [See also 1 in art. عقم.]) b9: [And Any of the successively-superimposed cartilages of the windpipe: pl. أَطْبَاقٌ. (See حَنْجَرَةٌ, in art. حجر; and see also حُلْقُومٌ.)] b10: Any of the stages of Hell [whereof every one except the lowest is imagined to be like a cover over another]. (TA.) [And in like manner, Any of the Seven Heavens:] one says, السَّمٰوَاتُ طِبَاقٌ, meaning The Heavens are [composed of stages] one above another; (S, O, Msb; *) every heaven [except the lowest] being like a طبق to another: (Msb:) or this is said because of their being conformable, one with another: (K:) and it is said in the Kur lxvii. 3, اَلَّذِى خَلَقَ سَبْعَ سَمٰوَاتٍ طِبَاقًا, meaning [Who hath created seven heavens] placed one above another; طباقا being the inf. n. of طَابَقْتُ النَّعْلَ [q. v.], used as an epithet; or for طُوبِقَتْ طِبَاقًا; or ذَاتَ طِبَاقٍ, pl. of طَبَقٌ or of ↓ طَبَقَةٌ. (Bd.) b11: [Any of the bones of the head; because they compose a covering: or] أَطْبَاقُ الرَّأْسِ means the bones of the head because they suit one another and have certain parts of them inserted and infixed into other parts. (TA. [See 8 in art. شجر.]) b12: Any joint of a limb: pl. أَطْبَاقٌ. (As, TA.) b13: A collective number of men, and of locusts; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ طِبْقٌ, (K,) which is thus expl. by As in relation to men: (TA:) or a multitude of men, and of locusts: (K:) [app. considered as covering a space of ground:] or a company of men that are equal with a company like them. (ISd, TA.) b14: A generation of mankind; or the people of one time; syn. قَرْنٌ and عَالَمٌ; as in the saying of El-'Abbás, إِذَا مَضَى عَالَمٌ بَدَا طَبَقُ [metre مُنْسَرِح] i. e. إِذَا مَضَى قَرْنٌ بَدَا قَرْنٌ [When a generation passes away, a generation appears in its place]: the قَرْن being called طَبَق because they are a طَبَق [i. e. cover] to the earth: then they pass away and another طَبق comes: (O, TA:) or, as IAar says, طَبَقٌ signifies a people after a people. (TA.) And (TA) A قَرْن [i. e. generation] of time: or twenty years: (K, TA:) or, as in the book of El-Hejeree, on the authority of I'Ab, ↓ طَبَقَةٌ has this latter meaning. (TA.) b15: (tropical:) A rain such as fills and covers the earth, or land; (TA;) or such as is general, (S, O, K, TA,) and of wide extent; termed by a poet (namely, Imra-el-Keys, O, TA) طَبَقُ الأَرْضِ: (S, O, TA:) or a lasting rain, consecutive in its falls. (Msb.) And أَصْبَحَتِ الأَرْضُ طَبَقًا وَاحِدًا means (assumed tropical:) [The land became, or became in the morning,] covered with water over its surface. (TA.) b16: A main portion of the night and of the day: (S, O, K:) or, accord. to the Mufradát [of Er-Rághib], طَبَقُ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ signifies سَاعَاتُهُ المطابقة [app. a mistranscription for المُتَطَابِقَةُ, and meaning the commensurate, or similar, or equal, portions of the night and of the day]. (TA.) See also طِبْقٌ. b17: And A state, or condition; (S, O, K, TA;) as also ↓ طَبَقَةٌ, of which the pl. is طِبَاقٌ: the pl. of the former in this sense is أَطْبَاقٌ. (TA.) Hence the phrase, لَتَرْكَبُنَّ طَبَقًا عَنْ طَبَقٍ, (S, O, K, TA,) in the Kur [lxxxiv. 19], meaning [Ye shall assuredly enter upon] state after state, (S, * O, TA,) and predicament after predicament; as in the A; (TA;) on the day of resurrection; (S;) the state being termed طَبَق because it will fill the hearts [as though the dread thereof covered them], or will be near to doing so; (O, TA;) and عَنْ being put in this instance, as it is in many others, in the place of بَعْدَ: (TA:) or the meaning is, one after another of similar states of hardship: or it may be, degrees of hardship after degrees thereof; طَبَقٌ accord. to this rendering being regarded as pl. [or coll. gen. n.] of ↓ طَبَقَةٌ: (Ksh and Bd:) or [ye shall assuredly mount upon] the heaven in one state after another state; for it (the heaven) shall be like مُهْل [i. e. molten brass or iron &c., as is said in the Kur lxx. 8,] and then successively in other states: (O, TA:) so says Aboo-Bekr: accord. to Er-Rághib, it points to the various successive states of man in the present world from his creation, and in the world to come until his resting in one of the two abodes [Paradise or Hell]: or, accord. to Ibn-Abi-l- Hadeed, it means [ye shall assuredly enter upon] difficulty after difficulty; as is related by MF; and the same is said by Az on the authority of I'Ab: (TA:) some read لَتَرْكَبَنَّ, meaning thou, O Mohammad, shalt assuredly mount upon stage after stage of the stages (أَطْبَاق) of heaven; and I'Ab and Ibn-Mes-ood read لَتَرْكَبِنَّ, with kesr to the ب, which is accord. to the dial. of Temeem, and Keys and Asad and Rabee'ah pronounce the first letter of the future with kesr except when it is ى: 'Omar read لَيَرْكَبَنَّ, either as relating to the Prophet or as referring to him who is mentioned in verses 10-15 of the same chapter. (O, TA.) One says also, بَاتَ يَرْعَى طَبَقَ النُّجُومِ, meaning (tropical:) [He passed the night watching] the state of the stars in their course: (TA:) or طَبَقُ النُّجُومِ means the falling [or app. setting] of stars after [other] stars: or, accord. to Es-Sadoosee, the rising of a star and the setting of another: and a collective number thereof after a collective number [of others]: and such, he says, are termed مِنَ النُّجُومِ ↓ طَبَقَاتٌ. (O.) b18: جَآءَتِ الإِبِلُ طَبَقًا وَاحِدًا means عَلَى خُفٍّ وَاحِدٍ [i. e. The camels came following one another, in a single line: see art. خف]. (TA.) And one says, وَلَدَتِ الغَنَمُ طَبَقًا and ↓ طَبْقًا, meaning The sheep, or goats, brought forth one after another: (L:) El-Umawee says, when they do thus, one says, وَلَدَتْهَا الرُّجَيْلَآءِ and وَلَدَتْهَا طَبَقًا and ↓ طَبَقَةً [They brought them forth (i. e. their young ones) one after another]. (S, O.) b19: [The pl.] الأَطْبَاقُ also signifies Those who are remote, and those who are remotely connected: so in a trad. respecting the signs of the resurrection, or of the time thereof; in which it is said, يُوْصَلُ الأَطْبَاقُ وَيُقْطَعُ الأَرْحَامُ [Those who are remote, and those who are remotely related, shall be brought into close connection, and the ties of relationship shall be severed]. (TA.) b20: بِنْتُ طَبَقٍ is an appellation of A female tortoise, [app. because of the cover of her back,] which, (S, O, K,) as the Arabs assert, (S, O,) lays ninety-nine eggs, all of them [eventually] tortoises, and lays one egg which discloses (S, O, K) a serpent (K) [or a serpent such as is termed] an أَسْوَد; (S, O;) or, accord. to Az, sixty-nine [eggs], and the seventieth is [eventually] a viper. (So in a marg. note in one of my copies of the S; in which, also, the appellation is written بِنْتُ طَبَقَ, instead of بِنْتُ طَبَقٍ.) Hence the phrase إِحْدَى بَنَاتِ طَبَقٍ, meaning (tropical:) A calamity; (S, O, TA;) as also بِنْتُ طَبَقٍ: (TA:) بَنَاتُ طَبَقٍ meaning calamities [like مُطْبِقَاتٌ]: as well as tortoises: and serpents: (K:) and أُمُّ طَبَقٍ [in like manner] meanscalamity: (TA in art. طرق:) or, accord. to EthTha'álibee, طَبَقُ [thus, imperfectly decl., as written in the L,) signifies a yellow serpent: (L, TA:) and أُمُّ طَبَقٍ and بِنْتُ طَبَقٍ are said to signify the serpent, because of its coiling itself round: or بَنَاتُ طَبَقٍ is an appellation applied to serpents because of their winding themselves round (لإِطْبَاقِهَا) upon him whom they bite; or, as some say, because the حَوَّآء [q. v.] confines them beneath the lids (أَطْبَاق) of the baskets (أَسْفَاط) covered with leather; or, as Z says, because they resemble the طَبَق [i. e. cover, or dish, or plate,] when they coil themselves round. (TA.) طِبْقَةٌ: see طِبْقٌ, former half, in two places: A2: and also near the end of the same paragraph.

طَبَقَةٌ [generally signifying Any one of two or more things that are placed, or situate, one above another; a stage, story, or floor; a layer, or stratum; or the like: pl. طَبَقَاتٌ and طِبَاقٌ]: see طَبَقٌ, in seven places. b2: [Hence, طَبَقَاتُ العَيْنِ The coats, or tunics, of the eye. (See جُلَيْدَةٌ.)] b3: [Hence also,] طَبَقَاتُ النَّاسِ The degrees, ranks, orders, or classes, of men. (S, * O, * TA.) [Thus, طَبَقَاتُ الشُّعَرَآءِ means The orders, or classes, of the poets.] b4: كُتُبُهُ إِلَىَّ طَبَقَةٌ is a phrase mentioned by Ibn-'Abbád as meaning His letters, or epistles, to me are consecutive. (O, TA.) b5: A طَبَقَة of land is [A portion] like a مَشَارَة [expl. in art. شور]. (TA.) يَدٌ طَبِقَةٌ An arm that will not be stretched forth; (S, O, TA;) sticking to the side. (K, TA.) طِبَاقٌ [a pl. of طَبَقَةٌ, and said to be also a pl. of طَبَقٌ]. b2: طِبَاقُ الأَرْضِ means What is upon the earth: (S, O:) or what fills, or would fill, the earth, extending over it in general, or in common, (O, TA,) as though it were a طَبَق [or cover] to it. (TA.) It is said in a trad. respecting Kureysh, عِلْمُ عَالِمِهِمْ طِبَاقُ الأَرْضِ i. e. The knowledge of the knowing of them is as though it extended over the earth in general, or in common, and were a cover to it; (O, * TA;) or, as some relate it, الأَرْضِ ↓ طِبْقُ. (TA.) b3: See also طِبْقٌ. b4: And see مُطْبِقٌ.

طَبِيقٌ: see طِبْقٌ, in five places.

طَبَاقَآءُ (tropical:) A camel (S, O, K) that will not cover; (S, O;) lacking strength, or ability, to cover. (K, TA.) b2: And, applied to a man, (S, O, K,) (assumed tropical:) Impeded in his speech; unable to speak; or tonguetied: (O, K, * TA:) or that will not perform the act of coïtus: (TA:) or heavy, covering the woman (يُطْبِقُ عَلَى المَرْأَةِ, in the CK [erroneously] يَطْبِقُ, and in my MS. copy of the K يُطَبِّق المرأةَ,) with his breast by reason of his heaviness: (K, TA:) or impotent; syn. عِيِىٌّ: (S, O:) or impotent (عَيِىٌّ), heavy, covering her whom he compresses, or the woman, with his breast, by reason of his littleness, or immature age: accord. to As, stupid, foolish, impotent in speech or actions, dull, or heavy: accord. to IAar, whose reason is veiled, or wholly obscured, (عَلَيْهِ ↓ مُطْبَقٌ, [see أَطْبَقَ عَلَيْهِ الجُنُونُ,]) by stupidity, or foolishness: or, as some say, whose affairs are veiled to him [so that he sees not how to accomplish them]: or who lacks ability to speak, his lips being closed. (TA.) b3: تَحَلَّبُوا عَلَى

ذٰلِكَ الإِنْسَانِ طَبَاقَآءَ means They collected themselves together against that man, all of them. (ISh, O.) طُبَّاقٌ A species of tree, (S, O, K,) growing upon the mountains of Mekkeh; (K;) described to AHn by some one or more of Azd-es-Saráh as being about the stature of a man in height, growing near one another, scarcely ever or never seen singly, having long, slender, green leaves, which slip [between the fingers] when squeezed, applied as a dressing to a fracture, which, remaining upon it, they consolidate; it has a clustered yellow flower; is not eaten by the camels, but by the sheep or goats; and grows among the rocks, with the عَرْعَر; the bees eat from its flowers, and the mountain-goats also feed upon it: (O:) it is beneficial as an antidote against poisons, taken internally and applied as a dressing, and as a remedy for the mange, or scab, and the itch, and fevers of long continuance, and colic, and jaundice, and obstructions of the liver; and is very healing. (K.) [طُبَاقٌ, thus written by Golius, without teshdeed, is said by him to be Ocimum agreste; as on the authority of Meyd; but he has not given the syn. by which Meyd has explained it.] بَيْنَ شَثٍّ وَطُبَّاقٍ, in a trad. of Mohammad Ibn-El-Hanafeeyeh, means in the places where grow these two species of trees; (O;) i. e. in the tracts of the mountains of Mekkeh. (TA.) طَابَقٌ: see طِبْقٌ.

A2: Also, (S, Mgh, O, K,) and طَابِقٌ, (K,) both mentioned by Ks and Lh, [and both in one of my copies of the S,] (TA,) and ↓ طَابَاقٌ, (Fr, O, K,) A large brick: (Mgh:) or a large baked brick: (S, O, K:) [or a large tile, or flat piece of baked clay:] and a large [piece of] glass: (Mgh:) arabicized, (S, Mgh, O,) from the Pers\., (S, O,) i. e. from تَابَهْ: (Mgh, O:) [and particularly a large flat piece of baked clay, or of stone, &c., that is used for a trapdoor:] whence, بَيْتُ الطَّابَقِ [the chamber that has a trap-door]: (Mgh: [see also مُطْبِقٌ:]) pl. طَوَابِقُ and طَوَابِيقُ; (Mgh, O, K;) the former being pl. of طابق, and the latter of طاباق. (O.) b2: And in like manner the طَابَق of iron [is from the Pers\. تَابَهْ]: (O:) [i. e.] طَابَقٌ signifies also, (K, TA,) and طَابِقٌ likewise, (accord. to the K,) A certain vessel in which one cooks, (K, TA,) [meaning a frying-pan,] of iron or of copper: (TA:) arabicized from تَابَهْ. (K, TA.) b3: [and A plate, or flat piece, of metal.]

A3: بِئْرٌ ذَاتُ طَابَقٍ means A well in which are projecting edges. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) A4: And طَابَقٌ and طَابِقٌ signify also A limb, or member, (Th, O, * K, TA,) of a human being, such as the arm, or hand, and the leg, or foot, and the like: (Th, TA:) applied in a trad. to the hand of a thief, which is to be cut off: (TA:) [see طَائِفٌ, in art. طوف:] or they signify [or signify also] the half of a sheep, or goat: (K, TA:) or as much thereof as two persons, or three, eat. (TA.) طَابَاقٌ; pl. طَوَابِيقُ: see the next preceding paragraph.

العِمَّةُ الطَّابِقِيَّةُ The mode of disposing the turban without winding [a portion thereof] beneath the chin: (O, K:) a mode which is forbidden. (O.) جَآءَ فُلَانٌ مُتَعَمِّمًا طَابِقِيٍّا means Such a one came having his turban disposed in the manner above described. (IAar, O.) مَطْبَقٌ: see مُطْبِقٌ.

مُطْبَقٌ [pass. part. n. of 4, Covered; &c.]. b2: الحُرُوفُ المُطْبَقَةُ are The letters ص, ض, ط, and ظ: (S, O, K:) the part of the tongue which is the place of their utterance being [closely] covered [in their utterance] by what is opposite to it of the palate. (O, TA.) b3: And مُطْبَقٌ is used by the vulgar for مُطْبَقٌ عَلَيْهِ, [which is for مُطْبَقٌ عَلَيْهِ الجُنُونُ,] meaning (assumed tropical:) Upon whom insanity is made to be continual: (Msb: see also طَبَاقَآءُ [where مُطْبَقٌ عَلْيَهِ is in my opinion better rendered]:) and you say مَجْنُونَةٌ مُطْبَقٌ عَلَيْهَا [in like manner, for مُطْبَقٌ عَلَيْهَا الجُنُونُ (assumed tropical:) an insane female whose reason insanity has veiled, or wholly obscured]. (Mgh, O.) b4: مُطْبَقٌ عَلَيْهِ signifies also Affected with a swooning, or a fit of insensibility. (TA.) b5: بَيْتٌ مُطْبَقٌ means (assumed tropical:) A verse of which the former hemistich ends in the middle of a word. (Z, TA.) b6: See also the next paragraph. b7: and see طِبْقٌ.

مُطْبِقٌ Covering. (O, K, TA.) b2: Hence, (K, TA,) جُنُونٌ مُطْبِقٌ (Mgh, O, K, TA) (assumed tropical:) Insanity that covers [i. e. veils, or wholly obscures,] the reason, or intellect. (TA.) b3: حُمَّى مُطْبِقَةٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) (tropical:) A continual fever, not quitting night nor day. (S, Msb, * TA.) b4: مُطْبِقَةٌ [for سَنَةٌ مُطْبِقَةٌ] means (tropical:) A hard, or severe, year. (TA.) And مُطْبِقَاتٌ means (assumed tropical:) Calamities [like بَنَاتُ طَبَقٍ]. (TA.) b5: And مُطْبِقٌ may have the same meaning as ↓ مُطْبَقٌ. (TA. [But in what sense the latter is here used is not specified.]) b6: It signifies also A subterranean prison; or a place of confinement beneath the ground. (TA. [The word in this sense, which is probably postclassical, is there said to be like مُحْسِنٌ; but perhaps only because of its having been found written مُطْبِقٌ; for I think that I have heard ↓ مَطْبَقٌ used in this sense; and I find an apparent authority for this in a copy of the M in arts.

اصد and وصد, where الإِصَادُ and الوِصَادُ are expl. as meaning المَطْبَقُ: and likewise in the TA in art. عن, where I find مَطْبَق, thus written; see 2 in that art.: it seems also that ↓ طِبَاقٌ may have the same signification; for I find الإِصَادُ expl. as meaning الطِّبَاقُ in the K in art. اصد; and thus in the O in art. وصد, and likewise الوِصَادُ.]) مُطَبَّقٌ: see طِبْقٌ, last quarter.

جَرَادٌ مُطَبِّقٌ Locusts extending in common or universally [over a tract or region]. (TA.) and سَحَابَةٌ مُطَبِّقَةٌ A cloud raining upon the whole of a land. (S, O.) b2: مُطَبِّقٌ signifies also [A sword hitting the joint, and severing the limb: or falling between two bones. b3: And hence,] (tropical:) One who takes the right course in affairs by his [good] judgment. (K, TA.) مُطَابِقٌ: see an ex. voce طِبْقٌ

حدر

1 حَدَرَ, aor. ـُ (M, Msb, K, &c.) and حَدِرَ, (M, K,) inf. n. حُدُورٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and حَدْرٌ, (T, M, K,) He made to descend, or to go down or downwards or down a declivity; sent, let, or put, down, or from a higher to a lower place or position; (T, S, M, A, Msb, K;) as also ↓ احدر: (Msb:) [or this latter is not chaste; for, accord. to J,] one says, حَدَرَ السَّفِينَةَ he lowered the ship; or sent it to a lower place, (S,) or from a higher to a lower part of a river; (A;) but one should not say, احدرها. (S.) You say also, حَدَرَ الحَجَرَ مِنَ الجَبَلِ He rolled down the stone from the mountain. (A.) b2: حَدَرَتْهُمُ السَّنَةُ (tropical:) Dearth, scarcity, or drought, made them to descend [from the desert]; brought them to a descent; (T, S;) brought them, (TA,) or brought them down, or made them to descend, (A,) to the towns, or villages. (A, TA.) b3: حَدَرَ اللِّثَامَ عَنْ حَنَكِهِ He turned down the لثام [or muffler] from the part beneath his chin. (TA.) b4: حَدَرَ الدَّمْعَ, aor. ـُ and حَدِرَ, inf. n. حُدُورٌ and حَدْرٌ, He shed, or let fall, tears; as also ↓ حدّرهُ. (TA.) And العَيْنُ تَحْدُرُ الدَّمْعَ, (A, K, *) and تَحْدِرُهُ, inf. n. حَدَرٌ, (K,) (tropical:) The eye sheds, or lets fall, tears; (A;) or flows with tears. (K.) And الدَّمْعُ يَحْدُرُ الكُحْلَ (tropical:) [The tears make the collyrium to flow down]. (A.) b5: حَدَرَ الدَّوَآءُ بَطْنَهُ, (A,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. حَدْرٌ, (K,) (tropical:) The medicine made his belly to discharge itself. (A, K.) [And الطَّمْثَ ↓ حدّر (assumed tropical:) It (a medicine) caused the menstrual flux to descend: see مُحَدِّرٌ.]

A2: حَدَرَ, (T, S, Mgh, K,) aor. ـُ and حَدِرَ, (K,) inf. n. حَدْرٌ; (S, Mgh, K;) and ↓ احدر, (T, S, A, K,) inf. n. إِحْدَارٌ; (K;) (tropical:) He made the skin to swell, (T, S, A, Mgh, K,) and to become thick, (A,) by beating. (T, S, A, Mgh.) A3: حَدَرَ الثَّوْبَ, (A, K,) aor. ـُ and حَدِرَ, inf. n. حَدْرٌ; (K;) and ↓ احدرهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. إِحْدَارٌ; (K;) (tropical:) He twisted the unwoven warp, (K,) or the extremities of the unwoven warp, (S, A,) of the garment, or piece of cloth; (S, A, K;) like as is done with the ends of [garments of the kind called] أَكْسِيَة [pl. of كِسَآء]: (S:) because its length is thus diminished. (A.) A4: See 7. b2: [Hence,] حَدَرَ فِى القِرَآءَةِ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, *) and فِى الأَذَانِ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) and فِى الإِقَامَةِ, (Msb,) aor. ـُ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and حَدِرَ, (K,) inf. n. حَدْرٌ; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) and ↓ حدّر, inf. n. تَحْدِيرٌ; (K;) and حَدَرَ القِرَآءَةَ, (A, Msb,) and الأَذَانَ, and الإِقَامَةَ; (Msb;) (tropical:) He hastened, or was quick, in the reading, or recitation, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, *) and in the call to prayer, (S, Mgh, Msb,) and in the [form of words called the] اقامة; (Msb;) and he hastened the reading, or recitation, &c. (Msb.) A5: حَدَرَ and حَدُرَ, inf. n. [of the latter, accord. to analogy,] حُدُورَةٌ, It (a bow-string) was thick and strong. (TA. [See also حَادِرٌ.]) b2: And [hence, app.,] (tropical:) It (a boy) was, or became, such as is termed حَادِرٌ [q. v.]: (TA:) [or] حَدُرَ, aor. ـُ (Lth, As, S, A, K;) and حَدَرَ, aor. ـُ (ISd, K;) inf. n. [of the former] حَدَارَةٌ (A, K) and حَدْرٌ; (S, K;) (tropical:) he was, or became, compact in make, (As, S, K,) and thick: (TA:) or short and fleshy: (A:) and he was, or became, fat, with thickness, (K, TA,) and shortness. (TA. [See حَادِرٌ.]) b3: and حَدَرَ, (T, S, A, K,) aor. ـُ (T, S, K) and حَدِرَ, (K,) inf. n. حُدُورٌ (T, S, A) and حَدْرٌ; (K;) and ↓ احدر, inf. n. إِحْدَارٌ; and ↓ حدّر, inf. n. تَحْدِيرٌ; (K, TA;) or tho first form only; (T;) (tropical:) It (the skin) became swollen, (T, S, TA,) as also ↓ انحدر, (S, K,) by reason of beating: (T, S, TA:) or became swollen and thick, by reason thereof. (A, K.) b4: حَدُرَتِ العَيْنُ, inf. n. حَدَارَةٌ, (assumed tropical:) The eye was, or became, large and wide: (Msb:) was, or became, beautiful. (TA.) 2 حَدَّرَ see 1, in four places.4 أَحْدَرَ see 1, in four places.

A2: Also احدر الثَّوْبَ (assumed tropical:) He sewed the garment, or piece of cloth, the second time, after the [slight sewing termed] مَلّ, or شَلّ. (S.) 5 تحدّر الدَّمْعُ (S, K *) and ↓ تحادر (A) The tears descended gently, or little by little. (S, A, K. *) And عَلَى لِحْيَتِهِ ↓ رَأَيْتُ المَطَرَ يَتَحَادَرُ I saw the rain descending and dropping upon his beard. (TA.) 6 تَحَاْدَرَ see 5, in two places.7 انحدر He, or it, descended; went down, downwards, down a declivity, or from a higher to a lower place or position: (S, A, Msb, K:) and [in like manner] ↓ حَدَرَ, inf. n. حَدْرٌ, (TA,) or حُدُورٌ, (A,) he went down, or descended, a declivity. (A, TA.) [Hence,] اِنْحَدَرْتُ إِلَى البَصْرَةِ I went down to El-Basrah. (S.) b2: Also He journeyed, or went, towards El-'Irák, and Syria, and 'Omán: opposed to أَصْعَدَ, which signifies “ he journeyed, or went, towards Nejd, and El-Hijáz, and El-Yemen: ” (ISk, on the authority of 'Omárah, TA in art. صعد:) or the former, he journeyed, or went, towards El-'Irák: and the latter, “ he journeyed, or went, towards the Kibleh: ” (Aboo-Sakhr, T, TA ubi suprà:) and ↓ مُنْحَدَرٌ is used as an inf. n. of the former; like as مُصعَدٌ is of the latter: (T, TA ubi suprà:) also, the former verb, he returned from any town or country: and the latter, “he commenced a journey or the like, in any direction. ” (Ibn-'Arafeh, TA ubi suprà.) b3: Also, said of a place, It sloped down. (Msb.) A2: See also 1, last sentence but one.

حَدَرٌ: see حَدُورٌ, in two places.

حَدْرَةٌ A single thread, of the threads of a [garment of the kind called] كِسَآء. (TA.) [See حَدَرَ الثَّوْبَ.]

A2: عَيْنٌ حَدْرَةٌ (As, T, S, Msb, K) and ↓ حُدُرَّى (K) (assumed tropical:) An eye compact and hard: (As, T, S:) or thick and hard: (K:) or wide and large and projecting: (T:) or large and wide: (Msb:) or large: (K:) or wide: (TA:) or sharp-sighted. (K.) حُدْرَةٌ A herd of camels, (S, K,) like, or about, a صِرْمَة, (S,) which is [as some say] from ten to forty: when they amount to sixty, they are termed a صِدْعَة: (TA:) a flock of sheep or goats. (Lh, TA.) b2: See also حُدُورَةٌ.

حَدْرَآءُ: see حَدُورٌ.

A2: عَيْنٌ حَدْرَآءُ (assumed tropical:) A beautiful eye. (TA.) حُدُرَّى: see حَدْرَةٌ.

حَدُورٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ حَدَرٌ (S, K) and ↓ حَدْرَآءُ, (T, K,) of the same measure as صَفْرَآءُ, (T,) [in the CK, erroneously, حُدَرَآء,] and ↓ أُحْدُورٌ and ↓ حَادُورٌ (K) and ↓ مُنْحَدَرٌ (S, K) [which is of frequent occurrence] and ↓ مُنْحُدُرٌ and ↓ مُنْحَدِرٌ, or ↓ مَنْحَدِرٌ, or ↓ مُنْحَدُرٌ, (as in different copies of the K, the last of these being the third form given in the CK,) A declivity, or declivous place; a place sloping down; a slope; a place of descent, or by which one descends: (S, A, Msb, K:) a حدور is at the foot of a mountain, and in any place. (TA.) You say, هَبَطْنَا فِى حَدُورِ صَعْبَةٍ

[We descended a difficult declivity]. (A.) and ↓ كَأَنَّمَا يَنْحَطُّ فِى حَدَرٍ [As though he were descending a declivity]: (S:) occurring in a trad. (TA.) حَدُورَةٌ: see what next follows.

حُدُورَةٌ and ↓ حَدُورَةٌ and ↓ حَادُورَةٌ (tropical:) A flow, or flowing, of tears from the eye. (Lh, ISd, K, TA.) A2: Also the first, (S,) so accord. to the M, &c., (TA,) or ↓ حُدْرَةٌ, (K,) Multitude, and congregation. (S, M, K.) You say حَىٌّ ذُو حُدُورَةٍ

A tribe numerous and congregated. (S, M.) حَادِرُ A rope strongly twisted: a bow-string strong and full. (TA. [See also 1.]) b2: A thick spear. (TA.) And كُعُوبٌ حَوَادِرُ Thick and round knots, or joints, of a spear. (TA.) b3: A cake of bread (رَغِيف) complete: or having thick edges. (TA.) b4: (tropical:) A man compact in make: (S:) a boy short and fleshy: (A:) a youth thick and compact: (TA:) or full of fat and flesh, with softness, or thinness, of skin: (Lth, Az:) a boy full in body, and of great force: (Th:) or a boy full of youthful vigour; as also حَادِرَةٌ: [but this is an intensive epithet:] (Lth, Az:) or a fat boy: (K:) or a boy fat, thick, and compact in make: (ISd:) or goodly, or beautiful: (ISd, K:) pl. حَدَرَةٌ. (TA.) Also the fem., حَادِرَةٌ, (assumed tropical:) A thick, or bulky, she-camel. (T in art. رنب.) And the same, (assumed tropical:) Bulky in the shoulder-joints. (IB.) And حَوَادِرُ [the pl. fem.] (assumed tropical:) Compact and bulky camels or the like. (TA.) b5: (assumed tropical:) Anything full of moisture, and of beautiful make. (TA.) And حَادِرَةُ العَيْنَيْنِ (assumed tropical:) A she-camel having full eyes: (S:) or having eyes full of fat, equal, and beautiful. (TA.) b6: A tribe congregated. (TA.) b7: A lofty mountain. (TA.) b8: See also الحَيْدَرَةُ.

حُنْدُرٌ and ↓ حُنْدُورَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ حُنْدُورٌ (K) and ↓ حِنْدُورَةٌ (Th, K) and ↓ حِنْدَوْرَةٌ, and ↓ حِنْدِيرٌ and ↓ حِنْدِيرَةٌ and ↓ حِنْدَوْرٌ and ↓ حِنْدَارَةٌ, (K,) of which ↓ حِنْدِيرَةٌ is the most approved form, (TA,) The black of the eye. (S, K.) One says, هُوَ عَلَى

حُنْدُرِ عَيْنِهِ and عَيْنِهِ ↓ حُنْدُورَةِ (S, K) and ↓ حُنْدُورِ عَيْنِهِ and عَيْنِهِ ↓ حِنْدَوْرَةِ (TA) (assumed tropical:) He is deemed burdensome, or troublesome, by him, so that he cannot look at him by reason of hatred. (S, K.) and عَيْنِى ↓ جَعَلْتُهُ عَلَى حِنْدِيرَةِ and عَيْنِى ↓ حُنْدُورَةِ (assumed tropical:) I made him, or it, a conspicuous object, or a thing in full view, of my eye. (S, K.) Several lexicographers mention these forms in art. حندر, regarding the ن as a radical letter, as it should not be held to be augmentative, when occupying the second place in a word, unless on strong evidence. (TA.) حَيْدَرٌ and الحَيْدَرُ: see what next follows.

الحَيْدَرَةُ (assumed tropical:) The lion; (S, K;) as also ↓ الحَيْدَرُ, (K,) and ↓ حَيْدَرٌ, without ال, (TA,) and ↓ الحَادِرُ: (Kudot;:) or the lion that is, among other lions, like the king among men; (IAar;) because of the thickness of his neck, and the strength of his fore legs. (Th, TA.) b2: Also حَيْدَرَةٌ (tropical:) Destruction, or perdition; (Az, K;) and so ↓ حَادُورٌ: (K:) or a severe calamity; as though it were a lion in its severity. (A.) حَادُورٌ: see حَدُورٌ.

A2: Also An ear-ring; syn. قُرْطٌ: (S, K:) pl. حَوَادِيرُ. (TA.) A3: (tropical:) A laxative medicine; (A, K, * TA;) contr. of عَاقُولٌ. (A.) A4: See also الحَيْدَرَةُ.

حَادُورَةُ: see حُدُورَةُ.

حُنْدُورٌ and حِنْدَوْرٌ: see حُنْدُرٌ, in three places.

حِنْدِيرٌ: see حُنْدُرٌ.

حِنْدَارَةٌ: see حُنْدُرٌ.

حُنْدُورَةٌ and حِنْدُورَةٌ and حِنْدَوْرَةٌ: see حُنْدُرٌ, in six places.

حِنْدِيرَةٌ: see حُنْدُرٌ, in three places.

أَحْدَرُ (assumed tropical:) More, most, or very, fat and thick. (TA.) أُحْدُورٌ: see حَدُورٌ.

مُحَدِّرٌ لِلطَّمْثِ (assumed tropical:) [Emmenagogue]. (K in arts.

نجذ and جزر &c.) مُنْحَدَرٌ and مُنْحُدُرٌ and مُنْحَدِرٌ, or مَنْحَدِرٌ, or مُنْحَدُرٌ: see حَدُورٌ: A2: and for the first, see also 7.