شج

1 شَجَّهُ, aor. ـُ and شَجِّ, (S, Msb, K,) the former reg., (Msb,) [the latter irreg.,] inf. n. شَجٌّ, (S, Msb,) He broke it, [so as to cleave its skin or its flesh,] namely, another's head: (S, * K, TA:) or he clave his skin of the face or of the head; or he clave its skin, i. e. the skin of the face or of the head: (Msb:) originally he struck it, namely, the head, so as to wound it and cleave it [in the skin or flesh thereof]; and then used in relation to other members: (TA:) or شَجَّهُ فِى رَأْسِهِ and فِى وَجْهِهِ [he wounded him so as to cleave the skin or the flesh in his head and in his face]. (A.) Accord. to some, [contr. to the authority of the A,] it is from شَجَّتِ السَّفِينَةُ البّحْرَ [expl. below]. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] it is said in a prov., فُلَانٌ يَشُجُّ بِيَدٍ وَيَأْسُو بِأُخْرَى [Such a one breaks a head with one hand and cures with another]; meaning (assumed tropical:) such a one corrupts, or mars, one time, and rectifies, or repairs, another time. (TA.) and زَيْدٌ يَشُجُّ مَرَّةً وَيَأْسُو مَرَّةً (tropical:) Zeyd does, or says, wrong one time, and right one time. (A, TA.) b3: And شَجَّتِ السَّفِينَةُ البَحْرَ (tropical:) The ship clave the sea: (S, A, L, Msb:) and [in like manner] شَجَّ البَحْرَ (tropical:) he clave the sea; (K, TA;) said of a swimmer. (TA.) And شَجَّ المَفَازَةَ (tropical:) He traversed the desert. (S, A, K.) And شَجَّ الأَرْضَ بِرَاحِلَتِهِ (assumed tropical:) He traversed the land, with his camel that he rode, at a vehement rate. (TA.) b4: And شَجَّ الشَّرَابَ, (K, TA,) or شَجَّ الخَمْرَ بِالمَآء, aor. ـُ and شَجِّ, inf. n. شَجٌّ, [as above,] (TA,) (tropical:) He mixed the beverage, or the wine, (K, TA,) with water. (TA.) Hence, فَكَانَ يَشُِجُّ عَلَىَّ مِسْكًا, occurring in a trad., means (tropical:) And it was as though it mixed with her odour of musk the breath of wind that reached my organ of smell. (TA.) 2 تَشْجِيجٌ [The breaking of another's head much, so as to cleave the skin or the flesh: or the breaking of heads so as to cleave the skin or the flesh. b2: And hence, perhaps,] (assumed tropical:) The acting with penetrative energy, vigour, or effectiveness; syn. تَصْمِيمٌ. (O, K.) 3 بَيْنَهُمْ شِجَاجٌ (A, O, K) and ↓ تَشَاجٌّ (A, TA) Between them is a mutual breaking of heads. (A, O, K, TA. [In the CK, شَجَاجٌ is erroneously put for شِجَاجٌ.]) 6 تَشَاْجَّ see what next precedes.

شَجَّةٌ A single act of breaking of one's head [so as to cleave its skin or its flesh]. (TA.) b2: and A wound by which the head is broken (S, * A, * L, Msb) so as to cleave its skin or its flesh: (L:) and [such] a wound in the face: (A, * Msb:) pl. شِجَاجٌ (S, A, L, Msb) and شَجَّاتٌ. (Msb.) What are termed شِجَاج are of ten different kinds, (A, L,) distinguished by the following epithets: [1]

حَارِصَةٌ, which peels off the [external] skin, but does not bring blood: [2] دَامِيَةٌ, which brings blood: [3] بَاضِعَةٌ, [which cleaves the flesh slightly, and brings blood, but does not make it to flow: (but in art. دمغ, voce دَامِغَةٌ, q. v., what are here mentioned as the second and third are transposed:) 4, مُتَلَاحِمَةٌ,] which cleaves the flesh much: [5]

سِمْحَاقٌ, which leaves between it and the bone only a thin skin: these are five شجاج for which there is no retaliation nor any determinate mulct, but respecting which a judge must give his sentence: [6] مُوضِحَةٌ, which reaches to the bone, and for which the mulct is five camels: [7] هَاشِمَةٌ, which breaks the bone, and for which the mulct is ten camels: [8] مُنَقِّلَةٌ, from which bone is removed, from one place to another, and for which the mulct is fifteen camels: [9] مَأْمُومَةٌ, also called آمَّةٌ, which leaves between it and the brain only a thin skin, and for which the mulct is one third of the whole price of blood: [10] دَامِغَةٌ, which reaches the brain, and for which the mulct is also one third of the whole price of blood. (L.) The شَجَّة of 'Abd-El-Hameed, [who was the goodliest man of his age,] the son of 'Abd-Allah the son of 'Omar the son of El-Khattáb, was the subject of a prov. on account of its beauty [and is said to have increased his goodliness]. (MF.) شَجَجٌ The mark, or scar, of a wound by which the forehead has been broken. (S, * A, K, * TA.) شَجَجَى The عَقْعَق [or magpie]; (K, TA; omitted in the CK;) [and] so ↓ شَجَوْجًى. (K and TA in art. شجو.) شَجِيجٌ and ↓ مَشْجُوجٌ A head broken [so that its skin or its flesh is cloven]: or a man having his head [so] broken: (S, TA:) pl. [of the former]

شَجَّى: you say قَوْمٌ شَجَّى. (Az, TA.) b2: Each is also applied as an epithet to a wooden peg or stake [as meaning (assumed tropical:) Having its head broken, or mangled, by blows]: and so is ↓ مُشَجَّجٌ, but in an intensive sense. (S, L.) b3: And both the first and ↓ last signify (tropical:) A wooden peg or stake; (A, TA;) each as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: because its head is separated, or uncompacted, in its component parts [or fibres by its being battered]. (TA.) One says, مَا بِالدَّارِ شَجِيجٌ and ↓ مُشَجَّجٌ (tropical:) There is not in the house [even] a wooden peg or stake. (A, TA.) شَجَوْجًى: see شَجَجَى.

سَابِحٌ شَجَّاجٌ (tropical:) A swimmer that cleaves the water vehemently. (TA.) أَشَجُّ A man having a mark, or scar, of a wound by which his forehead has been broken. (S, A, K.) مُشَجَّجٌ: see شَجِيجٌ, in three places.

مَشْجُوجٌ: see شَجِيجٌ.

عصفر

Q. 1 عَصْفَرَ He dyed a garment, or piece of cloth, with عُصْفُر. (S, O, Msb, K.) Q. 2 تَعَصْفَرَ It (a garment, or piece of cloth,) became dyed with عُصْفُر. (S, O, K.) عُصْفُرٌ [Safflower, or bastard saffron; i. e., cnicus, or carthamus tinctorius;] a certain dye, (S, O,) or plant, (Msb, K,) well known, (O, Msb,) with which one dyes, (M,) the first juice (سُلَافَة) of which is called جِرْيَال, (TA,) and one of the properties of which is that it causes tough meat to become thoroughly cooked, so as to fall off from the bone, (K, * TA,) when somewhat thereof is thrown into it: (TA:) its seed is called قُرْطُمٌ: (K:) there are two kinds of it; one of the cultivated land, and one of the desert; and both grow in the country of the Arabs: (M, TA:) it is an Arabicized word. (Az, TA.) عُصْفُورٌ (S, O, Msb, K, &c.) and عَصْفُورٌ, (Ibn-Rasheek, MF,) but the latter is not an approved form, because there is no chaste word of the measure فَعْلُولٌ, (MF, TA,) [The sparrow;] a certain bird, (S, O, K,) well known; (Msb:) accord. to AHát, the same that is called the نَقَّار; the male black in the head and neck, the rest of it inclining to ash-colour, with a redness in the wings; the female inclining to yellowness and whiteness: (O:) the word is masc.: (TA:) fem. with ة: (S, O, K:) pl. عَصَافِيرُ. (Msb.) Accord. to Hamzeh, it is so called because it was disobedient, and fled, عَصَى وَفَرَّ. (MF, TA.) [This, I believe, is said to have been the case when the beasts and birds &c. were summoned before Adam, to be named by him. See the Kur ii. 29-31.] b2: [It is also applied to Any passerine bird. and hence,] عُصْفُورُ الجَنَّةِ [The passerine bird of Paradise; meaning] the swallow; syn. الخُطَّافُ. (ISd in TA art. خطف, and IB in TA art. وط.) b3: [Also, sometimes, Any small bird.] b4: طَارَتْ عَصَافِيرُ رَأْسِهِ [lit., The sparrows of his head flew;] is a prov., meaning (tropical:) he became frightened; as though there were sparrows upon his head when he was still, and they flew away when he was frightened: (Meyd:) [or he became light, or inconstant: or he became angry: like طَارَ طَائِرُهُ: (see طَائِرٌ:)] or he became aged. (TA.) b5: نَقَّتْ عَصَافِيرُ بَطْنِهِ [lit. The sparrows of his belly cried], (K,) like نَقَّتْ ضَفَادِعُ بِطْنِهِ, alluding to the intestines, is also a prov., (TA,) meaning (tropical:) he was, or became, hungry. (K, TA.) In like manner also one says, لَا تَأْكُلْ حَتَّى تَطِيرَ عَصَافِيرُ بَطْنِكَ, meaning (tropical:) Eat thou not until thou be hungry. (TA.) A2: أَصَافِيرُ المُنْذِرِ is an appellation of (assumed tropical:) Certain excellent camels, that belonged to kings: (S, O, K:) or certain excellent camels that belonged to En-Noamán Ibn-El-Mundhir were called أَصَافِيرُ النُّعْمَانِ. (T, TA.) A3: العُصْفُورُ also signifies The male locust. (O, K.) A4: And The chief, or lord. (IAar, O, K.) b2: And The king. (K.) A5: Also A portion, (S, O,) or small portion, (K,) of the brain, (S, O, K,) beneath the فَرْخ of the brain, (TA,) as though separated therefrom: (S, O, TA:) between the two is a pellicle. (S, O, K.) b2: and A certain vein in the heart. (IF, O.) b3: and A prominent bone in the temple of the horse, (S, O, K,) on the right and on the left; both being called عُصْفُورَانِ. (S, O.) b4: And The place whence grows the forelock [app. of the horse]. (M, K.) b5: And A narrow blaze extending downwards from the blaze on the forehead of the horse, not reaching to the muzzle. (O, K.) b6: The عَصَافِير of a camel's hump see expl. voce عُرْصُوفٌ.

A6: and عُصْفُورٌ signifies also A piece of wood in the [kind of camel-vehicle called] هَوْدَج, uniting the extremities of certain [other] pieces of wood therein; [perhaps what unites the outer extremities of two long pieces of wood which project horizontally from the lower part of the هودج, from the two extremities of either side;] (K;) having the form of the [kind of saddle called] إِكَاف: (L:) or the pieces of wood which are in the [kind of camel's saddle called] رَحْل, by which the heads of the [curved pieces of wood called the] أَحْنَآء are fastened [together]: (K:) and the wood by which are fastened the heads of the [kind of saddle called] قَتَب: (K:) the pl. is عَصَافِيرُ: or the عصافير of the قتب are its عَرَاصِيف, from which عصافير is formed by transposition; and they are four pins of wood which are put between [or rather which unite or conjoin] the heads of the احنآء of the قتب; in each حِنْو are two of these pins, fastened with sinews or with camel's skin; and in it [or appertaining to the same part] are the ظَلِفَات: (S, O:) or the nails which unite the head of the قتب: (IDrd:) or the عُصْفُور of the [kind of saddle called] إِكَاف is its عُرْصُوف, from which latter word the former is formed by transposition; and it is a piece of wood fastened between [or rather uniting or conjoining] the anterior حِنْوَانِ. (S, O.) In a trad. it is said that it it is unlawful to cut or shake off aught from the trees of El-Medeeneh, except for the عصفور of a قتب, or to supply a sheave of a pulley, or for the handle of an iron implement. (S.) b2: Also A nail of a ship. (O, K.)