قير

2 قيّر He smeared a ship, or boat, (S, A, Msb,) or a jar [for wine], and a skin for wine or the like, (K,) with قِير or قَار. (S, A, Msb, K.) قِيرٌ i. q. قَارٌ [Tar: or pitch]: (S, A, Msb, K:) a certain black thing with which are smeared ships, (K, TA,) to prevent the water from entering, (TA,) and camels, also, (K, TA,) for the mange, or scab, and whereof there is a species with which anklets and bracelets are filled: it is extracted by melting from [the] صعد: (TA:) [صُعُدٌ is the name of a certain tree from which tar is melted forth: (L, art. صعد:)] or i. q. زِفْتٌ: (A, K, TA:) and the best thereof is of the colour termed شُقْرَة. (TA.) [See also كُفْرٌ.]

قَيَّارٌ A possessor, (K,) or seller, (A,) of قِير or قَار: (A, K;) or a maker of it. (So in a copy of the S, but not mentioned in another copy.) قَيَّارَةٌ A place where قَار is generated. (Mgh, in art. نفط.) قَيْرَوَانٌ, an arabicized word, (K,) from [the Persian] كَارْوَانْ, (TA,) and signifying A caravan; a company, or an assemblage of persons, travelling together; syn. قَافِلَةٌ: (K:) or the main part of a قافلة: and of an army: (A. IAth, and so in a copy of the S:) or of [such a collection of soldiers as is called] a كَتِيسبَة: (ISk:) and the companions and assistants of the devil. (IAth.) It has the last of these significations in a trad. of Mujáhid, in which it is said, يَغْدُو الشَّيْطَانُ بِقَيْرَوَانِهِ إِلَى السُّوقِ فَلَا يَزَالُ يَهْتَزُّ العَرْشُ مِمَّا يَعْلَمُ اللّٰهُ مَا لَا يَعْلَمُ [The devil goeth in the morning with his companions and assistants to the market-place, and the empyrean ceaseth not to shake in consequence of the assertions that God knoweth what He knoweth not]: meaning, that the devil incites men to say “ God knoweth such a thing,” of things whereof God knoweth the contrary: [as for instance, “God knoweth that such a commodity cost me (the seller) such a sum of money: ”] يَعْلَمُ اللّٰهُ being a form of asseveration. (IAth.) [قيروان is written قَيْرُوَانٌ in some copies of the S and K. It is mentioned in this art., and in art. قرو, in the K: in the S, only in the latter art., and part of the above trad. is there cited.]

قوس

1 قَاسَ الشَّىْءَ بِغَيْرهِ, and عَلَى غَيْرِهِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. قَوْسٌ (S, K *) and قِيَاسٌ, (S,) i. q. قَاسَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. قَيْسٌ (S, K *) and قِيَاسٌ; (S;) i. e., He measured the thing by another thing like it; [both in the proper sense and mentally; but the latter verb is the more common, though the former, accord. to the JK, is the original;] (S, TA;) and so الشَّىْءَ بِغَيْرِهِ ↓ اقتاس: (S, K: *) but you should not say ↓ أَقَسْتُهُ for قُسْتُهُ or قِسْتُهُ. (S.) A2: قَوِسَ: see 5.2 قَوَّسَ see 5, in two places.

A2: قوّسهُ, inf. n. تَقْوِيسٌ, He made it bowed, or bent. (KL.) 4 أَقْوَسَ see 1: A2: and see 5.5 تقوّس It (a thing) became bowed, or bent; as also ↓ استقوس: (TA:) the ↓ latter is also said, tropically, of the moon when near the change [&c.]. (A, TA.) b2: (tropical:) He (an old man, S, A) became bowed, or bent; (A, * K;) as also ↓ قَوَّسَ, inf. n. تَقْوِيسٌ; (S, A, * Msb, K;) and ↓ استقوس; (S;) and ↓ اقوس: (A:) or he became bowed, or bent, in the back; as also ↓ قَوَّسَ; and ↓ استقوس; (TA;) and so ↓ قَوِسَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. قَوَسٌ. (K.) A2: تقوّس قَوْسَهُ He put his bow upon his back. (TA.) 8 إِقْتَوَسَ see 1. b2: يَقْتَاسُ بِأَبِيهِ, (S, K,) inf. n. إِقْتِيَاسٌ, (S,) (assumed tropical:) He follows the way of his father, and imitates him. (S, K.) 10 إِسْتَقْوَسَ see 5, in four places.

قَاسُ رُمْحٍ: see قِيسُ رُمْحٍ.

قَوْسٌ [A bow;] a certain thing, well known, (A, K,) with which one shoots: (M, TA:) of the fem. gender: (IAmb, M, Msb:) or masc. and fem.: (S, Msb:) or sometimes masc.: (A, K:) pl. [of pauc.] أَقْوَاسٌ (IAmb, S, A, Msb, K) and أَقْيَاسٌ, (TA, and so in some copies of the K, in the place of the former,) the ى being interchangeable with the و, (TA,) and [of mult.] قِسِىٌّ, (S, A, Msb, K,) originally قُوُوسٌ, (S, TA,) which is not used, (TA,) of the neasure فُعُولٌ, (S, Msb,) first changed to قُسُوٌّ, of he measure فُلُوعٌ, and then to قِسِىٌّ, of the measure فِلِيعٌ, like عِصِىٌّ, (S,) and قُسِىٌّ, (Fr, Sgh, K,) from the same original, (TA,) [like عُصِىٌّ,] and قِيَاسٌ, (IAmb, S, A, Msb, K,) which is more agreeable with analogy than قسىّ. (TA.) The dim. is قُوَيْسٌ, (IAmb, M, Msb, K,) without ة, contr. to rule, as the word is fem., (M, TA,) and قُوَيْسَةٌ, (IAmb, Msb, K,) sometimes: (IAmb, Msb:) or the former accord. to those who make قوس to be masc., (S,) and the latter accord. to those who make it to be fem. (S, Msb.) It is prefixed to another word to give it a special signification. Thus you say, قَوْسُ نَبْلٍ An Arabian bow. And قَوْسُ نُشَّابٍ A Persian bow. And قَوْسُ حُسْبَانٍ [A bow for shooting a certain kind of short arrows]. and قَوْسُ جُلَاهِقٍ [A cross-bow]. And قَوْسُ نَدْفٍ [A bow for loosening and separating cotton]. (Msb.) b2: [Hence the saying,] فُلَانٌ لَا يَمُدُّ قَوْسَهُ أَحَدٌ [Such a one, no one will pull his bow;] i. e., (tropical:) no one will vie with him, or compete with him. (A, TA.) And رَمَوْنَا عَنْ قَوْسٍ وَاحِدٍ, (A, TA,) or وَاحِدَةٍ, (Mgh,) [lit., They shot at us from one bow: meaning, (tropical:) they were unanimous against us;] a proverb denoting agreement. (Mgh.) [In the Msb, رَمَوْهُمْ and وَاحِدَةٍ.] And هُوَ مِنْ خَيْرِ قُوَيْسٍ سَهْمًا; (S, L, K; except that in the L and K, for قويس, we find قَوْسٍ;) (tropical:) [He is of the best of a little bow, as an arrow; i. e., he is one of the best arrows of a little bow;] or صَارَ خَيْرَ قُوَيْسٍ سَهْمًا (A, K) (tropical:) [He became the best of a little bow, as an arrow; i. e., he became the best arrow of a little bow:] a proverb [See Arab. Prov. i. 718] applied to him who has become mighty after being of mean condition: (A:) or to him who opposeth thee and then returns to doing what thou likest. (A, K.) [Hence also the phrase in the Kur, liii. 9,] فَكَانَ قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ And he was at the distance of two Arabian bows: or two cubits [this is app. an explanation by one who holds قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ to be for قَابَىَ قَوْسٍ:] (K:) or the meaning is, قَابَىْ قَوْسٍ, i. e., [at the distance of the measure of] the two portions between the part of a bow that is grasped by the hand and each of the curved extremities. (TA.) See also art. قوب. b3: القَوْسُ (assumed tropical:) [The Sign of Sagittarius; also called الرَّامِى;] one of the signs of the zodiac; (S, K;) namely, the ninth thereof. (TA.) b4: قَوْسُ قُزَحَ The rainbow: the two words are inseparable. (TA.) See قزح. b5: قَوْسُ الرَّجُلِ (assumed tropical:) The bowed, or bent, part of the back of a man. (IAar.) b6: أَقْوَاسُ البَعِيِر (tropical:) The anterior ribs of the camel. (A.) b7: Also قَوْسٌ (tropical:) What remains, of dates, (S, A, * K,) in the [receptacle called] جُلَّة, (S,) or in the bottom thereof, (K,) or in the sides thereof, like a bow: (A:) or, accord. to Zeyd Ibn-Kuthweh, the fourth part of the جُلَّة, of dates; like رِزْمَةٌ: (TA in art. رزم:) in this sense, also, it is fem.: or a number of dates collected together: pl. as above. (TA in the present art.) A2: Also, A cubit: (S, K:) sometimes used in this sense: (S:) because a thing is measured (يُقَاسُ) with it. (K.) قِيسُ رُمْحٍ and قَاسُ رُمْحٍ The measure of a spear. (Msb, in this art.; and S, K, in art. قيس.) قَوَّاسٌ A hewer, or fashioner, of bows; and so, perhaps, قَيَّاسٌ. (TA.) قُسَوِىٌّ is the rel. n. from قِسِىٌّ, [pl. of قَوْسٌ,] because it is [before its last change] of the measure فُلُوعٌ changed from the measure فُعُولٌ. (S.) أَقْوَسُ Having a bowed, or bent, back. (S, K.) b2: Sand that is elevated (K, TA) like a hoop or ring. (TA.) مِقْوَسٌ A bow-case. (S, K.) A2: A horse-course; a race-ground: (Ibn-'Abbád, K:) a place whence horses run (K) for a race; (TA;) i. e., (so in the K accord. to the TA,) a rope at which the horses are placed in a row (S, A, K) on the occasion of racing, (S, K,) in the place whence they run: (A:) or the extended rope from which the horses are started: (JK:) also called مقيص: the pl. is مَقَاوِسُ. (TA.) Hence the saying, عُرِضَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى المِقْوَسِ [Such a one has been put to the starting-rope]; meaning, (tropical:) such a one has been tried, or proved, by use, practice, or experience. (A, TA.) And فُلَانٌ عَلَى مِقْوَسٍ, i. e., عَلَى حِفَاظٍ

[app. meaning, (assumed tropical:) Such a one is intent upon defending his honour or the like]. (Lth, L.) مُقَوَّسٌ and مُقَوِّسٌ: see مُتَقَوِّسٌ.

مُتَقَوِّسٌ (assumed tropical:) An eyebrow [or other thing] likened to a bow; as also ↓ مُسْتَقْوِسٌ (K) and ↓ مُقَوَّسٌ: (TA:) ↓ the second of these epithets is also applied, in the same sense, or like a bow, to a gutter round a tent, and the like. (TA.) b2: Also, A man bowed, or bent; and so ↓ مُقَوِّسٌ. (TA.) A2: Also, (K,) or مُتَقَوِّسٌ قَوْسَهُ, (S,) A man having with him his bow. (S, K. *) مُسْتَقْوِسٌ: see مُتَقَوِّسُ, in two places.

قعص

1 قَعَصَهُ: see 4, throughout.

A2: قُعِصَتِ الغَنَمُ The sheep, or goats, were seized, or affected, with the disease called قُعَاص, q. v. (S, K.) 4 اقعصهُ He slew him on the spot; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ قَعَصَهُ, (A, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. قَعْصٌ: (TK:) or both signify he slew him quickly: or the former signifies he struck, or shot at, it, (a thing, or an object of the chase,) and it died on the spot, before it was [struck or] shot: and he hastened and completed, or made sure or certain, his (a man's) slaughter: and ↓ قِعْصَةٌ is a subst. derived from it [app. signifying the act]. (L, TA.) Yousay also, اقعصهُ بِالرُّمْحِ, and ↓ قَعَصَهُ, He thrust him, or pierced him, with the spear, quickly: or from behind. (TA.) 7 انقعص He died. (K.) قَعْصٌ A quick death: (S, A, K:) and a quick slaughter; as also ↓ قَعَصٌ. (TA.) You say, مَاتَ قَعْصًا He (a man, S, A) died on the spot, from a blow or a shot. (S, A, K.) And it is said in a trad., مَنْ خَرَجَ مُجَاهِدًا فِى سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ فَقُتِلَ قَعْصًا فَقَدِ اسْتَوْجَبَ المَآبَ [Whoso goeth forth as a warrior in the cause of God, and is slain quickly, or suddenly, has a just claim to the permanent abode of happiness in the other world]: (S, * TA:) alluding to the مآب mentioned in the Kur xxxviii. 24 and 39. (Az, TA.) قَعَصٌ: see قَعْصٌ.

قِعْصَةٌ: see 4.

طَعْنَةٌ قَعْصَآءُ A thrust, or wound, with a spear or the like, that kills quickly. (TA.) قُعَاصٌ A certain disease which attacks sheep or goats, (S, A, K,) in consequence of which something flows from their noses, (TA,) killing them immediately, (S, A, K,) on the spot: (A:) and which kills men on the spot: (A:) and a certain disease in the breast, or chest, which is as though it broke the neck. (Lth, K.) It is said in a trad., وَمُوتَانٌ يَكُونُ فِى النَّاسِ كَقُعَاصِ الغَنَمِ [and a mortality which shall be among men, like the قعاص of sheep or goats]. (S.) قَعَّاصٌ: see what next follows.

مِقْعَصٌ: see what next follows.

مِقْعَاصٌ A lion that kills quickly; as also ↓ مِقْعَصٌ and ↓ قَعَّاصٌ. (K.) b2: See also what next follows.

غَنَمٌ مَقْعُوصَةٌ Sheep, or goats, seized, or affected, with the disease called قُعَاص: (S, K:) accord. to IAar, ↓ شَاةٌ مِقْعَاصٌ signifies a sheep, or goat, having the mortal disease so called. (TA.)

قرض

1 قَرَضَهُ, aor. ـِ (S, M, A, &c.,) inf. n. قَرْضٌ, (S, M, Msb,) He cut it; (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) namely a thing, (S, Msb,) or a garment, or piece of cloth, (A, Mgh,) with the مِقْرَاض, (A, Mgh, Msb,) and with the مِقْرَاضَانِ; (Msb;) and in like manner, [or as signifying he cut it much, or frequently, or repeatedly,] you say, ↓ قرّضهُ, (M, TA,) inf. n. تَقْرِيضٌ: (TA:) this is the primary signification. (TA.) b2: Hence, (TA,) said of a rat, or mouse, (A'Obeyd, S, A, Mgh, Msb,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (S, * Msb, TA,) He [cut it with his teeth; gnawed it; or] ate it; (Msb;) namely a garment, or piece of cloth, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, TA,) and bread, &c. (TA.) You say also قَرَضَهُ بِنَابِهِ He cut it with his canine tooth, or fang. (A.) And قَرَضَ البَعِيرُ جَرَّتَهُ, (M, TA,) aor. as above, (A, TA,) and so the inf. n., (TA,) The camel chewed his cud: (M, A, TA:) or returned it [to his mouth, to be chewed again, or to his stomach]. (TA.) b3: [Hence also,] قَرَضَ رِبَاطَهُ, (S, M, A, K,) [lit.] He cut, or severed, his bond, i. e. the bond of his heart; and consequently, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) he died; (IAar, M, K, TA;) as also قَرَضَ alone, (S, [in which the former is not explained] O, Msb, K,) and قَرِضَ: (IAar, O, K:) or (assumed tropical:) he was at the point of death. (K.) And you say, جَآءَ وَقَدْ قَرَضَ رِبَاطَهُ (Az, Az, S, &c.) (assumed tropical:) He came harassed, or distressed, or fatigued, and at the point of death: (Az, Az:) or (tropical:) harassed, or distressed, by thirst, or by fatigue: (A:) or (assumed tropical:) in a state of intense thirst and hunger: (M:) said of a man: (S:) mentioned in the S in such a manner as [appears] to indicate that the verb has here the first of the significations mentioned in this art.; but this is not the case [as is shown in the S itself in art. ربط]. (TA.) See also 7.

A2: [Hence also,] قَرَضْتُ الوَادِى (assumed tropical:) I passed through, or across, the valley. (Msb.) It is said in the Kur, [xviii. 16,] وَإِذَا غَرَبَتْ تَقْرِضُهُمْ ذَاتَ الشِّمَالِ (assumed tropical:) And when it [the sun] set, to leave them behind on the left; to pass by and beyond them, leaving them on its left: (S, K:) so explained by AO, or by A'Obeyd: (so accord. to different copies of the S,) to leave them and pass by them on the left; not falling upon them at all: (Jel:) or to turn aside, or away, from them, on the left: (Msb:) or to be over against them, on the left: from قَرَضْتُهُ, meaning حَذَوْتُهُ, i. e. I was over against him, or it; as also ↓ أَقْرَضْتُهُ. (JK.) And a man says to his companion, Hast thou passed by such and such a place? and the man asked says قَرَضْتُهُ ذَاتَ اليَمِينِ لَيْلًا (assumed tropical:) [I passed by it, leaving it behind, on the right, by night]. (S.) The Arabs say, قَرَضْتُهُ ذَاتَ اليَمِينِ, and ذَاتَ الشِّمَالِ, and قُبُلًا, and دُبُرًا, (assumed tropical:) I was over against him, or it, on the right, and on the left, and before, and behind. (Fr.) You say also, قَرَضَ المَكَانَ, (M, Msb, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (M,) (assumed tropical:) He turned aside, or away, from the place. (M, Msb, K.) and قَرَضَ فِى الأَرْضِ (assumed tropical:) He traversed the land. (Z.) And قَرَضَ فِى سَيْرِهِ, (M, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (M,) (assumed tropical:) He turned to the right and left in his going or journeying. (M, K.) And قَرِضَ, like سَمِعَ, (assumed tropical:) He, or it, passed away from a thing to another thing. (IAar, Sgh, L, K.) A3: Hence also, (TA,) قَرَضَ الشِّعْرَ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. as above, (S, Msb,) and so the inf. n., (S,) (tropical:) He said, spoke, uttered, or recited, poetry; or he poetized, or versified; syn. قَالَ الشِّعْرَ: (A'Obeyd, S, K:) or he composed poetry according to rule: (Msb:) because poetry consists of cut feet: or because it is called قَرِيض as being likened to the cud: (A:) or because it is language cut out: (Msb:) or as being likened to a garment; as though the poet cut it and divided it into portions; although MF denies that this phrase is from قَرَضَ as signifying “ he cut: ” he has also assigned to قَرْضُ الشِّعْرِ a signification which belongs to تَقْرِيضٌ, q. v. (TA.) A4: Hence also, قَرَضَهُ as syn. with قَارَضَهُ, q. v. (TA.) 2 قَرَّضَ see 1, first signification.

A2: تَقْرِيضٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The art of poetry: (M, TA:) or the criticism thereof; the picking out the faults thereof; and the discriminating, by consideration, of what is good thereof from what is bad, both expressed and speculative. (TA.) A3: Also, like تَقْرِيظٌ; (assumed tropical:) The act of praising: or dispraising: (S, TA:) or it has both these contr. significations; (K, TA;) relating to good and to evil; whereas تقريظ relates only to praise and good. (TA.) You say, فُلَان يُقَرِّضُ صَاحِبَهُ (assumed tropical:) Such a one praises his companion: or dispraises him. (S.) 3 قارضهُ, inf. n. مُقَارَضَةٌ and قِرَاضٌ, (M,) [He lent to him, and received from him, a loan: or it signifies, or signifies also,] i. q. أَقْرَضَهُ, q. v. (L, TA.) b2: قِرَاضٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and مُقَارَضَةٌ, (S, A, K,) with the people of El-Hijáz, (TA,) also signify i. q. مُضَارَبَةٌ; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) as though it were a contract for traversing the land [for traffic], (K,) from القَرْضُ فِى السَّيْرِ, or, as Z says, from القَرْضُ فِى الأَرْضِ, meaning “ the traversing the land,” like as مضاربة is from الضَّرْبُ فِى الأَرْضِ; (TA;) and the form of the contract is what is shown by the following explanation. (K.) You say, قَارَضْتُهُ, (S, A, Mgh,) or قَارَضْتُهُ مِنَ المَالِ, (Msb,) I gave to him property (S, A, Mgh, K *) مُضَارَبَةً, (A, Mgh,) [i. e.] that he might traffic with it, on the condition that the gain should be between us, and the loss should fall upon the property. (S, K. [See also ضَارَبَهُ.]) b3: قارضهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. مُقَارَضَةٌ, (TA,) also signifies (tropical:) He requited him; he compensated him; (S, K;) and so ↓ قَرَضَهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. قَرْضٌ. (TA.) Hence the saying of Abu-l-Wardà, (TA,) إِنْ قَارَضْتَ النَّاسَ قَارَضُوكَ وَإِنْ تَرَكْتَهُمْ لَمْ يَتْرُكُوكَ وَإِنْ هَرَبْتَ مِنْهُمْ أَدْرَكُوكَ (tropical:) (A, * TA) [If thou requite men their evil deeds, they will requite thee; and if thou leave them, they will not leave thee; and if thou flee from them, they will overtake thee]: meaning if thou do evil to them, they will do the like thereof to thee; and if thou leave them, thou wilt not be safe from them, for they will not let thee alone; and if thou revile them and injure them, they will revile thee and injure thee: he said this intending thereby to censure them: and it is from the signification of “ cutting. ” (TA.) [See also قَرْضٌ, below.] You say also, فُلَانٌ يُقَارِضُ النَّاسَ, inf. n. مُقَارَضَةٌ, (tropical:) Such a one accords, or agrees, with men. (A.) And قَارَضْتُهُ الزِّيَارَةَ (tropical:) [I interchanged visiting with him]. (A.) 4 اقرضهُ He cut off for him a portion, to be requited, or compensated, for it. (Sgh, K.) [And hence,] He gave him, or granted him, a قَرْض [or loan, or the like]; (S, M, A, * Mgh, * K;) and ↓ قَارَضَهُ signifies the same as اقرضهُ. (L, TA.) You say also, اقرضهُ المَالَ, (M, Msb,) وَغَيْرَهُ, (M,) [He lent him the property, &c.;] he gave him the property, &c., as a قَرْض; (M;) he gave him the property, [&c.,] to demand its return. (Msb.) It is said in the Kur, [lxxiii. 20,] وَأَقْرِضُوا اللّٰهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا [lit. And lend ye to God a good loan; meaning (assumed tropical:) give ye to God good service for which to be requited]: (S, TA:) it is not here said إِقْرَاضًا because the simple subst. [as distinguished from the inf. n.] is what is meant. (TA.) And again, in the same, [ii. 246, and lvii. 11,] مَنْ ذَا الَّذِى يُقْرِضُ اللّٰهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا, meaning, accord. to Aboo-Is-hák the Grammarian, (assumed tropical:) [Who is he who will offer unto God] a good action or gift, or anything for which a requital may be sought? or, as Akh says, (assumed tropical:) Who will do a good action by following and obeying the command of God? (TA.) The Arabs say, قَدْ أَقْرَضْتَنِى قَرْضًا حَسَنًا (assumed tropical:) Thou hast done to me a good deed [which I am bound to requite]. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., أَقْرِضٌ عِرْضَكَ لِيَوْمِ فَقْرِكَ (assumed tropical:) [Lend thou thine honour for the day of thy poverty]; meaning, when a man defames thee, do not thou requite him, but reserve his recompense undiminished for thee, as a loan for the payment of which he is responsible, that thou mayest receive it from him in the day of thy need thereof: (TA:) [but see عِرْضٌ.] b2: [And hence,] أَقْرَضَنِى الشَّىْءَ He gave, or paid, to me the thing. (M.) A2: مَا عَلَيْهِ مَا يُقْرِضُ عَنْهُ العُيُونَ فَيَسْتُرُهُ (assumed tropical:) [There is not upon him what will turn aside, or away, from him the eyes, and cover him]. (Ibn-'Abbád, Sgh.) A3: See alse 1, latter half.6 تَقَاْرَضَ [تَقَارَضَا They lent and received loans, each to and from the other.]

A2: [And hence,] هُمَا يَتَقَارَضَانِ الخَيْرَ وَالشَّرَّ (assumed tropical:) [They two interchanged good and evil, each with the other]; (IKh, S, K;) as also يتقارظان: (IKh:) [but see the latter in its proper place.] And هُمَا يَتَقَارَضَانِ المَدْحَ, (Az,) or الثَّنَآءَ, (A, Msb,) or الثَّنَآءَ بَيْنَهُمْ, (TA,) [or بَيْنَهُمَا, (in the M, هُمْ يَتَقَارَضُونَ الثَّنَآءَ بَيْنَهُمْ,)] (tropical:) They praise each other; (Az, Msb;) as also يتقارظان: (Az:) or they requite, or compensate, each other with praise. (TA.) And القِرْنَانِ يَتَقَارَضَانِ النَّظَرَ (assumed tropical:) The two opponents, or adversaries, look askance, with anger, each at the other: (S, K:) and يَتَقَارَضُونَ نَظَرًا (assumed tropical:) They look with enmity and vehement hatred, one at another. (TA.) And هُمْ يَتَقَارَضُونَ الزِّيَارَةَ (tropical:) [They interchange visiting]. (A.) El-Kumeyt, says, يَتَقَارَضُ الحَسَنَ الجَمِيلَ مِنَ التَّأَلُّفِ وَالتَّزَاوُرْ meaning, Interchanging what is good and comely, of sociable conduct and mutual visiting. (O.) b2: El-Hasan El-Basree, being asked whether the companions of the Apostle of God used to jest, or joke, answered, (TA,) نَعَمْ وَيَتَقَارَضُونَ, (K, * TA,) i. e. Yes, and they used to recite poetry [one to another]: (TA:) from قَرِيضٌ as signifying “ poetry. ” (K.) 7 انقرضوا (assumed tropical:) They passed away, or perished, [as though cut off,] (S, K,) all of them, (K,) not one of them remaining; (S;) as also ↓ قُرِضُوا [perhaps a mistake for قَرِضُوا: see 1]. (TA.) 8 اقترض He received what is termed قَرْض [a loan, or the like], (S, Msb, K,) i. q. اِسْتَلَفَ; (A;) مِنْهُ from him. (S, A, K.) A2: اقترض عِرْضَهُ (assumed tropical:) He defamed him, or spoke evil of him, behind his back or in his absence, or otherwise; syn. اِغْتَابَهُ: (K:) as though he cut off [somewhat] from his honour. (TA.) 10 استقرض مِنْ فُلَانٍ, (S, Msb, *) or استقرضهُ, (A, Mgh,) He sought, or demanded, of such a one what is termed قَرْض [a loan, or the like]. (S, A, * Mgh, * Msb.) b2: [And hence,] اِسْتَقْرَضْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ I sought, or demanded, of him the gift, or payment [in advance], of the thing. (M.) قَرْضٌ (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ قِرْضٌ; (Ks, S, M, K;) or, accord. to Th, the former is an inf. n., and the latter a simple subst., but this [says ISd] does not please me; (M;) or the former is an inf. n. used as a subst.; (Mgh;) or a subst. from أَقْرَضْتُهُ المَالَ; (Msb;) [A loan: and the like:] a piece of property which a man cuts off from his [other] articles of property, and which, itself, he receives back; [in rendering the explanation in the Mgh, for the words فَيُعْطِيه عينًا in my copy of that work; I read فَيُقْضَاهُ عَيْنًا, which makes this agreeable with explanations given in other works;] but what is due to the one from the other as a debt is not so called; (Mgh, [see دَيْنٌ;]) what one gives, (S, Msb, K,) to another, (Msb,) of property, (S, Msb,) to receive it back, (S, K,) or to demand it back: (Msb:) or a thing that one gives to be requited for it, or to receive it back: (TA in art. فرض:) or a thing of which men demand the payment [or restitution], one of another: (M, L:) or a thing which a man gives, or (assumed tropical:) does, to be requited for it: (Aboo-Is-hák the Grammarian, and TA:) pl. قُرُوضٌ. (M, Msb.) You say, عَلَيْهِ قَرْضٌ [He owes a loan], and قُرُوضٌ [loans]. (A.) b2: Hence, (S, TA,) (tropical:) What one does, in order to be requited it, of good, and of evil. (S, K, TA.) See three exs. above, under 4. The Arabs also say, قَدْ أَحْسَنْتَ قَرْضِى, meaning (assumed tropical:) Thou hast done to me a good deed [which I am bound to requite]. (TA.) And لَكَ عِنْدِى قَرْضٌ حَسَنٌ, and قَرْضٌ سَيِّئٌ (assumed tropical:) I owe thee a good deed, and an evil deed. (Aboo-Is-hák the Grammarian, and TA.) قِرْضٌ: see قَرْضٌ.

قَرِيضٌ The cud: (Lth, A:) or what the camel returns [to his mouth, to be chewed again, or to his stomach,] of his cud; (S, K;) as also ↓ مَقْرُوضٌ: (S:) or it is applied to the cud (جِرَّة) of the camel, and signifies chewed: or, accord. to Kr, this is فَرِيضٌ, with ف. (M.) And hence, accord. to some, the saying حَالَ الجَرِيضُ دُونَ القَرِيضِ [explained in art. جرض]: but accord. to others, the last word in this saying has the signification next but one following. (S.) A2: The sound, or voice, of a man in dying. (Er-Riyáshee, in TA, art. جرض.) A3: (tropical:) Poetry: (S, M, A, Msb, K:) so called for one or another of the reasons mentioned under 1, last sentence but one; (A, Msb, TA;) of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: (Msb:) El-Aghlab El-'Ijlee distinguishes between it and رَجَز. (IB.) قُرَاضَةٌ [Cuttings; clippings; and the like;] what falls by the action termed القَرْض; (S, A, * Mgh, * K;) as, for instance, of gold, (S, TA,) and of silver; and of a garment, or piece of cloth, which a tailor cuts with his shears; (TA;) and of this last, and of bread, (JK, TA,) &c., (TA,) by the gnawing (قَرْض) of a rat, or mouse: (JK, A, Mgh, TA:) pl. قُرَاضَاتٌ. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] أَخَذَ الأَمْرَ بِقُرَاضَتِهِ (assumed tropical:) He took the thing, or affair, in its fresh state. (M, L.) b3: [Hence also,] قُرَاضَةُ المَالِ (assumed tropical:) [The refuse, or] what is bad, vile, paltry, or of no account, of property. (TA.) b4: قُرَاضَةٌ also relates to an evil action, and an evil saying, which one man directs against another. (TA.) [What is meant by this is not clear to me.]

قَرَّاضَةٌ A certain creeping insect (دُوَيْبَّة) that eats wool. (TA.) b2: [And hence, app.,] (assumed tropical:) A man who defames others, or speaks evil of them, behind their backs, or otherwise; syn. مُغْتَابٌ لِلنَّاسِ. (TA.) اِبْنُ مِقْرَضٍ, (S, M, A, Msb,) [in one copy of the S, ابن مُقْرِضٍ, and in another, ابن مُقَرَّضٍ,] like مِقْوَد, (Msb,) [A species of weasel;] a certain small beast (دُوَيْبَّة), (S, M, Msb,) called in Persian دَلَهٌ, (S, Msb,) or دَلَّهٌ, (as in one copy of the S,) whence the arabicized word دَلَقٌ, (Msb,) which kills pigeons, (S, M, A,) seizing upon their throats, and it is a species of rat; (A;) the longbacked quadruped that kills pigeons: (Lth, O, Msb:) this last explanation is given by the author of the Bári', after saying that it is a small beast (دويبّة), like the cat, which is in houses, and, when angry, gnaws clothes: (Msb:) accord. to some, i. q. النِّمْسُ [q. v.]: (Msb:) pl. بَنَاتُ مِقْرَضٍ. (A, (Msb.) مُقَرِّضَاتُ الأَسَاقِى A [kind of] small creeping thing (دُوَيْبَّة), which makes holes in, and cuts, skins used for water or milk. (M.) مِقْرَاضٌ is the sing. of مَقَارِيضُ; (S, Msb, K;) and a pair thereof is called مِقْرَاضَانِ: (Msb, K:) the مِقْرَاض is [A single blade of a pair of shears or scissors;] a thing with which one [shears, or clips, or] cuts; and when you speak of the two together, you do not say مِقْرَاضٌ, as the vulgar say, but مِقْرَاضَانِ; (Msb;) which last is syn. with جَلَمَانِ [a pair of shears]; a word, accord. to the lexicologists having no sing.; but Sb mentions مِقْرَاضٌ, thus using the sing. form: (M:) or مِقْرَاضٌ and مِقْرَاضَانِ signify the same; [a pair of shears;] like جلَمٌ and جَلَمَانِ, and قَلَمٌ and قَلَمَانِ: (Msb in art. جلم:) or مِقْرَاضٌ signifies جَلَمٌ صَغِيرٌ [a small pair of shears; i. e. a pair of scissors]: (JK:) 'Adee Ibn-Zeyd uses the expression شَفْرَتَا مِقْرَاضٍ [the two blades of a pair of shears or scissors] in a poem; (IB;) and other poets use the sing., مقراض: (TA:) and مِفْرَاصٌ, with ف and ص, signifies the same. (IB.) Hence the saying, لِسَانُ فُلَانِ مِقْرَاضُ الأَعْرَاضِ (tropical:) [The tongue of such a one is the detractor of reputations]. (TA.) مَقْرُوضٌ pass. part. n. of قَرَضَهُ. b2: See قَرِيضٌ.

قرظ

1 قَرَظَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. قَرْظٌ, He tanned it, (Msb, TA,) namely, a skin, or hide, (Msb,) or a skin for water or milk, (TA,) with قَرَظ, q. v. infra: (Msb, TA:) or he dyed it therewith. (TA.) b2: He plucked it, or gathered it, from the tree; namely, what is called قَرَظ. (Msb.) A2: قَرَظْتُهُ a dial. var. of قَرَضْتُهُ, in the phrase قَرَظْتُهُ ذَاتَ الشِّمَالِ, q. v. (Fr, K.) b2: And [in like manner as a dial. var. of قَرَضْتُهُ,] I cut it, or made it and cut it according to a measure and pattern. (Fr.) A3: قَرِظَ, aor. ـَ He was, or became, a lord, master, chief, or man of rank or quality, after being in a base or abject state. (IAar, O, K; and T in art. قرض.) 2 قرّظهُ, inf. n. تَقْرِيظٌ, He took extraordinary pains, or exceeded the usual degree, in tanning it, namely, a skin, or hide, with قَرَظ. (Z.) b2: [and hence, (see 6,)] (tropical:) He praised, or eulogized, him, he, the latter, being living; (S, K, TA;) تَأْبِينٌ signifying the “ doing so when the man is dead; ” (S;) the former signifies he did so truly or falsely. (K.) And فُلَانٌ يُقَرِّظُ صَاحِبَهُ, and يُقَرِّضُهُ, (tropical:) Such a one praises his companion, falsely or truly. (Az, S, TA.) And يُقَرِّظُنِى بِمَا لَيْسَ فِىَّ (tropical:) [He praises me for that which is not in me]. (TA, from a trad.) b3: And He praised him immoderately: like فرّطهُ. (O in art. فرط.) b4: Also, [like قرّضهُ,] (assumed tropical:) He dispraised him: (Kitáb el-Addád, cited by Freytag:) or it relates only to praise and good; but تَقْرِيضٌ relates to good and to evil. (TA in art. قرض.) 6 هُمَا يَتَقَارَظَانِ المَدْحَ (tropical:) They two praise each other; (S, K, TA;) from 2 in the first of the senses assigned to it above; each embellishing the other like as the قَارِظ embellishes the skin, or hide; (Z, TA;) and يتقارضان is like it: (TA;) and you say also, هُمَا يَتَقَارَظَانِ الخَيْرَ والشَّرَّ [They two interchange good and evil, each with the other]; as also يتقارضان: (IKh, in TA, art. قرض:) or تَقَارُظٌ relates only to praise and good; but تَقَارُضٌ, to good and evil. (TA.) قَرَظٌ, accord. to some, (Msb,) The leaves of the سَلَم [mimosa flava], (Lth, S, Mgh, K,) with which they tan; (Lth, S, Mgh;) but this assertion is [said to be] inaccurate; for the leaves are called خَبَط, and camels are fed with them, and they are not used for tanning: some say, that it is a kind of tree; but this also is inaccurate; for one says, “I plucked, or gathered, قَرَظ; ” and trees are not plucked, or gathered: (Msb:) AHn [contradicts this, however, for he applies this word to a kind of tree, and] says, it is the best of things with which hides are tanned in the land of the Arabs; and these are tanned with its leaves and its fruit: [the pods of the سَنْط, which is also called قَرَظ, are used for tanning;] and in one place he says, it is a large kind of trees, having thick stems (سوق [app. a mistranscription for شَوْك, thorns,]) resembling the walnut-tree, [in the Mgh, evidently from the same source, “or, as some say, a large kind of trees, having thick thorns (شوْك), resembling the walnut-tree,”] the leaves of which are smaller than those of the apple-tree, and it has grains which are put into balances [for weights, like as are those of the carob-tree]: it grows in the low plains: (TA:) or a kind of tree, whereof the سَنْط [mimosa Nilotica, also called acacia Nilotica,] is a species: (M, K, in art. سنط:) [or,] correctly speaking, it is [the fruit, or seed with its pericarp, of that tree;] a well-known grain, which comes forth in envelopes, like lentils, from the trees called عِضَاه; (Msb;) or, [to speak more precisely,] the fruit of the سَنْط, whence is expressed أَقَاقِيَا [acacia, i. e. succus acaciæ]; (K;) which is termed عُصَارَةُ القَرَظِ, [and when inspissated, رُبُّ القَرَظِ,] and has an acrid property; the best thereof is that which is sweet in odour, heavy, hard, and green; and it strengthens relaxed members, when cooked in water, and poured upon them: (Ibn-Jezleh, TA:) [the last application is that which commonly obtains in the present day: see also 'Abd-el-Lateef, pp. 48-52 of the Arabic text, and De Sacy's translation and notes:] the n. un. is قَرَظَةٌ: (AHn, Mgh, Msb:) and the dim. of this is قُرَيْظَةٌ. (AHn, Msb.) Hence بِلَادُ القَرَظِ, applied to El-Yemen, because the قَرَظ grows there [most plentifully]. (S.) See also صَمْعٌ.

قَرَظِىٌّ The dye (صِبْغ [a mistranscription for دِبْع i. e. tan]) of the قَرَظ. (TA.) b2: See also مَقْرُوظٌ. b3: إِبِلٌ قَرَظِيَّةٌ Camels that eat قَرَظ. (TA.) b4: كبش قَرَظِىٌّ and قُرَظِىٌّ A ram of El-Yemen; because the قَرَظ grows there [most plentifully]. (S, K.) قَرَّاظٌ A seller of قَرَظ. (Msb, K.) قَارِظٌ A plucker, or gatherer, of قَرَظ. (S, Msb, K.) It is said in a proverb, (S,) لَا آتِيكَ أَوْ يَؤُوبُ القَارِظُ العَنَزِىُّ [I will not come to thee unless the gatherer of قرظ, of the tribe of 'Anazeh, return]: (S, K, but in the latter العنزى is omitted:) and Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, وَحَتَّى يَؤُوبَ القَارِظَانِ كِلَاهُمَا [And until the two gatherers of قرظ return, each of them]: (S:) the قَارِظَانِ were two men of the tribe of 'Anazeh, who went forth in search of قَرَظ, and did not return. (S, K.) We also find in the M, لَا آتِيكَ القَارِظَ العَنَزِىَّ, i. e. I will not come to thee as long as the gatherer of قرظ, of the tribe of 'Anazeh, is absent: القارظ العنزى being made to occupy the place of الدَّهْرَ, and being put in the accus. case as an adverbial expression, by an extension of the signification, of which there are parallel instances. (TA.) تَقْرِيظ: see 2. [Used as a subst., (tropical:) An encomium, or eulogy, on a living person: pl. تَقَارِيظُ and تَقْرِيظَاتٌ.]

مُقْرَظٌ: see what next follows.

مَقْرُوظٌ A skin, or hide, tanned with قَرَظ; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ قَرَظِىٌّ; and AHn mentions, on the authority of Aboo-Mis-hal, ↓ مُقْرَظٌ, as though from أَقْرَظَهُ, which, he says, we have not heard: (TA:) or dyed therewith. (K.) قرع قرف See Supplement