حرف
1 حَرَفَ الشَّىْءَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ, (
AO,
S,
Msb,
K,)
aor. ـُ (
Msb,) or ـِ (
K,)
inf. n. حَرْفٌ, (
S,
Msb,) He turned the thing from its proper way, or manner: (
K:) or altered it therefrom: (
Msb:) and ↓ حرّفهُ,
inf. n. تَحْرِيفٌ, has this latter meaning: (
K, *
TA:) or has an intensive signification of this kind. (
Msb.) الكَلِمِ عَنْ ↓ تَحْرِيفُ مَوَاضِعِهِ signifies The altering words from their proper meanings: (
S, *
TA:) and agreeably with this explanation, the verb is used in the
Kur iv. 48, &c.: (
TA:) or تحريف signifies the perverting of language: (
Msb:) or the altering a word in form; as in writing بُرْدٌ for بَرْدٌ; or vice versâ: (
KT:) [and the mistranscribing a word in any manner: commonly used in this sense in the lexicons &c.: or the altering a word by substituting one letter, or more, for another, or others. See also صَحَّفَ.]
A2: See also 7.
A3: حَرَفَ لِعِيَالِهِ, (
Msb,
K,)
aor. ـِ (
As,
S,
K,) or ـُ (
Msb,) He earned or gained [subsistence], or laboured to do so, for his family, or household, (
As,
S,
Msb,
K,) from this and that quarter; (
As,
S;) as also ↓ احترف: (
Mgh, *
Msb,
TA:) and بِيَدَيْهِ ↓ احترف [he earned, or gained, with his hands]: and لِعِيَالِهِ ↓ تحرّف he applied himself to earn or gain [subsistence] for his family, or household, by means of any, or every, art or craft: (
TA:) and ↓ احرف he laboured, or sought gain or sustenance, for his household, or family;
expl. by كَدَّ عَلَى عِيَالِهِ. (
IAar,
K.)
A4: حَرَفَ عَيْنُهُ,
inf. n. حَرْفَةٌ, (
K,) not an
inf. n. of un., (
TA,) He applied collyrium to his eye (
K,
TA) with the [style called] مِيل. (
TA.)
A5: حُرِفَ فِى مَالِهِ,
inf. n. حَرْفَةٌ, He suffered the loss of somewhat of his property. (
Lh,
K.) 2 حَرَّفَ see 1, in two places.
b2: [Hence,] طَاعُونٌ يُحَرِّفُ القُلُوبَ [A pestilence] causing the hearts [of those witnessing its effects] to turn away, and be aloof: (
K:) occurring in a
trad.: or,
accord. to one relation, يُحَوِّفُ القلوب, (
TA,) i. e., turning the hearts from confidence, and inclining them to removal and flight. (
K and
TA in art. حوف.)
b3: تَحْرِيفُ القَلَمِ The nibbing the writing-reed obliquely; (
S, *
K, *
TA;) making the right tooth of the nib higher [i. e. longer] than the left. (
TA.) You say also, حَرَّفَ القَطَّةَ [He made the nibbing oblique]. (
TA.) and حرّف السِّكِّينَ فِى حَالِ القَطِّ [He turned the knife obliquely in nibbing]. (
TA.)
b4: See also 7.
b5: تَحْرِيفٌ also signifies The putting in motion, or into a state of commotion;
syn. تَحْرِيكٌ. (
TA.)
b6: قَالَ بِيَدِهِ فَحَرَّفَهَا كَأَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ القَتْلَ, in a
trad., means [He made a sign with his hand,] and imitated with it the cutting of a sword with its edge. (
TA.) 3 حُورِفَ He was debarred from the means of subsistence; because he of whom this is said is aloof (بِحَرْفٍ) from the means of subsistence. (
Mgh.) And حُورِفَ كَسْبُ فُلَانٍ Such a one was made to experience difficulty (
S,
TA) in his buying and selling, and was straitened (
TA) in his means of subsistence; as though his means of subsistence were turned away from him: (
S,
TA:) or he had his gain, or earnings, turned away from him. (
Msb.) It is said in a
trad. of Ibn-Mes'ood, مَوْتُ المُؤْمِنِ عَرَقُ الجَبِينِ تَبْقَى عَلَيْهِ البَقِيَّةِمِنَ الذُّنُوبِ فَيُحَارِفُ بِهَا عِنْدَ المَوْتِ, i. e. [The death of the believer is accompanied with sweating of the side of the forehead: some sins remain chargeable against him, and] he is made to experience difficulty by them [in dying], in order that his sins may be diminished. (
S.)
A2: مُحَارَفَةٌ has also a meaning like مُفَاخَرَةٌ:
Sá'ideh says, فَقَدْ عَلِمُوا فِى الغَزْوِ كَيْفَ نُحَارِفُ [And they certainly know, in warfare, how we vie for superiority in glory: or]
accord. to
Skr, it means how we deal with them; as when one says to a man, What is thy حِرْفَة (i. e. thine occupation) and thy lineage? (
TA:) [or the meaning may be how we requite; for]
A3: حارفهُ بِسُوْءٍ signifies He requited him for evil (
K,
TA) that he had done. (
TA.) And it is said in a
trad., إِنَّ العَبْدِ لَيُحَارَفُ عَنْ عَمَلِهِ الخَيْرَ أَوْ الشَّرَّ, i. e. [Verily the servant] shall be requited [for his deed; the good I mean, or the evil]. (
IAar,
TA.) And ↓ احرف also signifies He requited for good or evil. (
IAar,
K.)
A4: مُحَارَفَةٌ signifies also The measuring a wound with the مِحْرَاف, i. e. the probe. (
K, *
TA.) 4 احرف: see 1.
b2: Also, (
inf. n. إِحْرَافٌ,
Msb,) His مال [or cattle] increased, and became in a good state or condition. (
Az,
S,
Msb,
K.) One says, جَآءَ بِالحَقِ وَالإِحْرَافِ, meaning He came with, or brought, much cattle. (
Az,
S. [See حِلْقٌ.])
A2: He emaciated, or rendered lean, a she-camel: so says
As: others say احرث. (
S.) [See حَرْفٌ: and see حَرِيثَةٌ.]
A3: See also 3, last sentence but one.
5 تَحَرَّفَ see 7:
b2: and see also 1.
7 انحرف [It became turned, or altered, from its proper way, or manner; quasi-
pass. of 1 in the first of the senses explained above: and] he turned aside; (
Az,
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K;) as also ↓ تحرّف; (
Az,
S,
Mgh,
K;) and ↓ احرورف; (
Az,
S,
K;) and ↓ حَرَفَ,
inf. n. حَرْفٌ; (
TA;) عَنْهُ from it. (
Az,
S,
Msb,
TA.) [Hence,] one says, انحرف مِزَاجَهُ [His temperament, or constitution, became disordered]; as also ↓ حَرَّفَ, [
app. a mistranscription for حُرِّفَ,]
inf. n. تَحْرِيفٌ. (
TA.) [And انحرف عَلَيْهِ He turned against him, with enmity, or anger.] And انحرف إِلَيْهِ He turned to, or towards, him, or it. (
TA.) 8 إِحْتَرَفَ see 1, in two places.
12 إِحْرَوْرَفَ see 7.
حَرْفٌ The extremity, verge, border, margin, brink, brow, side, or edge, (
S,
Mgh, *
K,
TA,) of anything; (
S,
K;) as, for instance, the side of a river or rivulet, and of a ship or boat, (
TA,) and of the notch of an arrow; (
Msb;) and the edge of a sword: (
L,
TA:)
pl. [of mult. حُرُوفٌ, and of pauc.] أَحْرُفٌ. (
TA.) Hence, (
S,) [A point, a ridge, a brow, and a ledge, of a mountain:] the pointed, sharp, or edged, summit of a mountain: (
S,
Msb,
K:) a projecting portion in the side of a mountain, in form like a small دُكَّان [i. e. bench] or the like: and a portion in the summit of a mountain, having a thin edge, or ridge, rising above the upper part of the back: (
Sh,
TA:)
pl. (of the word thus used in relation to a mountain,
TA) حِرَفٌ; (
Fr,
S,
Msb,
K;)
accord. to
Fr, (
Msb,) the only instance of the kind except طِلَلٌ as
pl. of طَلٌّ. (
Msb,
K.) [Hence, also,] A nib, of a writing-reed, obliquely cut: so in the phrase قَلَمٌ لَا حَرْفَ لَهُ, in the
S and
K in art. جزم, a writingreed not having a nib obliquely cut. (
TA in that art. [See 2 in the present art.]) And حَرْفَا الرَّأْسِ The two lateral halves of the head. (
TA.) [Hence, also, the phrase] فُلَانٌ عَلَى حَرْفٍ مِنْ
أَمْرِهِ [and بِحَرْفٍ مِنْهُ (see 3, first sentence,)] Such a one is [standing] aloof with respect to his affair, (عَلَى نَاحِيَةٍ مِنْهُ,
ISd,
TA,) [in suspense,] waiting, and looking to the result, if he see, in regarding it from one side, what he likes; (
TA;) turning from it if he see what does not please him. (
ISd,
TA.) The saying, in the
Kur xxii. 11, وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَعْبُدُ اللّٰهَ عَلَى حَرْفٍ means And of men is he who serves God standing aloof with respect to religion, in a fluctuating state, like him who is in the outskirts of the army, who, if sure of victory and spoil, stands firm, and otherwise flees: (
Ksh,
Bd: *) or the meaning is, who serves God in doubt, or suspense, (
Zj,
K,
Jel,) being unsteady like him who alights and abides upon the حَرْف [i. e. point, or ridge, or brow,] of a mountain: (
Jel:) or in a state of disquietude respecting his case; (Ibn-'Arafeh,
K;) i. e. not entering into the religion firmly, or steadily: (
K:) or who serves God in one mode of circumstances; i. e. when in ample circumstances, and not when straitened in circumstances; (
Az,
S,
K;) as though good fortune and plenty were one side, and an evil state were another side: (
Az,
TA:) [hence,] حَرْفٌ sometimes signifies a mode, or manner, and a way. (
Msb.)
b2: A letter of the alphabet:
pl. حُرُوفٌ: (
S,
Msb,
K:) the letters being thus called because they are the extremities of the word [and of the syllable]. (
Kull.) The saying of the lawyers, تُبْطَلُ الصَّلَاةَ بِحَرْفٍ مُفْهِمٍ [Prayer is made null by a significant letter] means only by an
imperative of a verb of which the first and last radical letters are infirm; such as فِ from وَفَى, and قِ from وَقَى, and the like. (
Msb.)
b3: As a grammatical term, (assumed
tropical:) [A
particle; i. e.] what is used to express a meaning, and is not a noun nor a verb: every other definition of it is bad: (
K:)
pl. حُرُوفٌ. (
Msb, &c.)
b4: And (
tropical:) A word [absolutely: often used in this sense in lexicons &c.]. (
Kull.)
b5: A dialect, an idiom, or a mode of expression, peculiar to certain of the Arabs:
pl. [of pauc.]
أَحْرُفٌ: so in the saying (of Mohammad,
TA) نَزَلَ القُرْآنُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ The
Kur-án has been revealed according to seven dialects, of the dialects of the Arabs: (
A'Obeyd,
Az,
IAth,
K:) or this means, according to seven modes, or manners, (
Mgh,
Msb,) of reading: whence فُلَانٌ يَقْرَأُ بِحَرْفِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ Such a one reads in the manner of reading of Ibn-Mes'ood. (
Mgh.)
A2: Applied to a she-camel, (assumed
tropical:) Lean, or light of flesh; or lean, and lank in the belly; (
S,
K;) and firm, strong, or hardy; likened to the حَرْف of a mountain; (
S;) or to the حرف of a sword, (
Z,
O,
TA,) in respect of her leanness, or thinness, and her sharpness and effectiveness in pace; (
Z,
TA;) or to a letter of the alphabet, meaning the letter ا, in respect of her leanness: (
TA:) or excellent, or high-bred, or strong and light and swift, sharp and effective in pace, rendered lean by journeyings; likened to the حرف of a sword: (
L:) or emaciated: (
S,
K:) so
As used to say: (
S:) but this is inconsistent with Dhu-r-Rummeh's description of a she-camel by the epithets جُمَالِيَّةٌ حَرْفٌ سِنَادٌ: (
TA:) [see حَرِيثَةٌ:] or [in the
CK “ and ”] great; big; of great size; (
K,
TA;) likened to the حرف of a mountain: (
TA:) it is applied only to a she-camel: one may not say جَمَلٌ حَرْفٌ. (
IAar,
TA.) حُرْفٌ and ↓ حِرْفَةٌ (
S,
K) and ↓ حُرْفَةٌ (
Mgh,
K) and ↓ حِرَافٌ (
TA) Ill-fatedness; privation of prosperity; or the being denied prosperity;
syn. حِرْمَانٌ [as
inf. n. of حُرِمَ]: (
K,
TA:) lack of good fortune, so that one has no increase of his cattle or other property: (
S:) debarment from the means of subsistence. (
Mgh.) Hence the saying of 'Omar, أَحَدِهِمْ أَشَدُّ عَلَىَّ مِنْ عَيْلَتِهِ ↓ لِحِرْفَةُ, (
S,
K,) or,
accord. to one reading, ↓ لَحُرْفَةُ, (
TA,) [Verily the ill-fatedness of any one of them is more distressing to me than his poverty:] i. e., the supplying the wants of the poor man is easier to me than the making the bad to thrive: or the meaning is, the want of the means of gaining subsistence by any one of them, and grief on that account, is more distressing to me than his poverty: so in the
Nh. (
TA.)
A2: الحُرْفُ A certain grain, resembling الخَرْدَل [or mustard]; (
Az,
Msb,
TA;) called by the vulgar, (
AHn,
TA,) or in the
dial. of El-'Irák, (
TA in art. رشد,) حَبُّ الرَّشَادِ, (
AHn,
S,
K,) or الرَّشَادُ: (
Msb:)
n. un. with ة, (
TA,) applied to a single grain thereof. (
Msb.) [See art. رشد.] Hence حِرِّيفٌ [
q. v.]. (
S,
Msb.) حُرْفَةٌ: see حُرْفٌ, in two places.
حِرْفَةٌ A craft, or handicraft, (
S,
K,
TA,) by which one gains his subsistence; a mode, or manner, of gain; any habitual work or occupation of a man; because he turns (يَنْحَرِفُ,
K, i. e. يَمِيلُ,
TA) to it; (
K,
TA;) a
subst. from اِحْتَرَفَ: (
Mgh,
Msb:)
pl. حِرَفٌ. (
TA.)
A2: See also حُرْفٌ, in two places.
حُرْفِىٌّ A seller of الحُرْف, i. e. حَبّ الرَّشَاد. (
K.) حِرَافٌ: see حُرْفٌ.
حَرِيفٌ A fellow-worker,
syn. مُعَامِلٌ, (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K,) in one's craft or ordinary occupation: (
K:) and an associate: (
KL:)
pl. حُرَفَآءُ. (
Msb.)
b2: It is mostly used by foreigners as meaning A companion in drinking: and by most of the Turks, as implying vituperation; [like our term “ fel-low; ”] so that when any one of them addresses another by this
epithet, he is angry. (
TA.) حَرَافَةٌ The quality, or property, of burning, or biting, the tongue; acritude. (
S,
Msb,
TA.) حِرِّيفٌ, from الحُرْفُ, Burning, or biting, to the tongue: (
S,
Msb,
TA:) it is applied in this sense to an onion, and to other things: one should not say حَرِّيفٌ. (
S,
TA.) مَحْرِفٌ A place to which to turn away, or back, from a thing. (
AO,
S,
K.) So in the saying, مَالِى عَنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ مَحْرِفٌ [I have no place to which to turn away, or back, from this thing]. (
AO,
S,
K. *)
b2: Also, and ↓ مُحْتَرَفٌ, A place in which a man earns or gains [subsistence], or labours to do so, and employs himself as he pleases, or follows his various pursuits. (
K.) مُحْرِفٌ A man whose property increases, and becomes in a good state or condition; or whose cattle increase &c. (
S,
Msb.) مِحْرَفٌ: see مِحْرَافٌ.
مِحْرَفَةٌ: see مِحْرَافٌ.
مُحَرَّفٌ [
pass. part. n. of 2,
q. v. b2: ] One whose property has gone. (
TA.)
b3: A writing-reed nibbed obliquely; having the right tooth of the nib higher [i. e. longer] than the left. (
TA.) مُحَرِّفُ القُلُوبِ, applied to God, The Turner, or Incliner, of hearts: or the Mover of hearts: (
TA:) or the Remover of hearts. (
Fr,
TA voce مُحَرِّك,
q. v.) مِحْرَافٌ (
S,
L,
K) and ↓ مِحْرَفٌ, (
L,
TA,) or ↓ مِحْرَفَةٌ, (
Akh,
TA,) A probe with which the depth of a wound is measured: (
S,
L,
K:)
pl. of the first مَحَارِيفُ; and [of the second, or,]
accord. to
Akh, of the last, مَحَارِفُ. (
TA.) مُحَارَفٌ Prevented, or withheld, from obtaining good; withheld from good fortune, or from sustenance; denied, or refused, good, or prosperity; lacking good fortune; having no increase of his cattle or other property; (
S,
Mgh, *
K; *)
contr. of مُبَارَكٌ: (
S:) or having his gain, or earnings, turned away from him: (
Msb:) or who obtains not good from a quarter to which he betakes himself: or scanted in his means of subsistence: or who works not, or labours not, to earn, or gain: or who earns, or gains, with his hands, but not enough for the support of himself and his household or family: (
TA:) مُخَارَفٌ and مُجَارَفٌ are
dial. vars. thereof. (
TA in art. خرف.) مُحْتَرَفٌ: see مَحْرِفٌ.
مُحْتَرِفٌ A handicraftsman; a worker with his hands. (
S,
TA.) مُتَحَرِّفًا لِقِتَالٍ, in the
Kur [viii. 16], means Turning away for the purpose of returning to fight: the doing which is one of the stratagems of war. (
Mgh,
Msb. *)
