نصر

1 نَصَرَهُ, (M, A, K,) aor. ـُ (M,) inf. n. نَصْرٌ (M, A, K) and نُصْرَةٌ, (A,) or this is a simple subst., (S, Msb,) and نُصُورٌ, (K,) [but see the verse of Khidásh in what follows,] He aided or assisted him, (M, K,) namely, a person wronged, misused, or treated unjustly or injuriously, (M. A, K,) against his enemy: (TA:) [he avenged him: (see the verse here following, and see 8:) he supplied his want, or somewhat thereof (TA.) Kidásh Ibn-Zuheyr says.

فَإِنْ كُنْتَ تَشْكُو مِنْ خَلِيلٍ مَخَانَةً

فتِلْكَ الجَوَازِى عَقْبُهَا وَنُصُورُهَا [And if thou complain of treachery from a friend. those requitals are its result and its avengers, or avengement]: here نُصُور may be a pl. of نَاصِرٌ.

like شُهُودٌ is of شَاهِدٌ; or it may be an inf. n., like دُخُولٌ and خُرُوجٌ. (M.) You say, تَصَرَهُ عَلَى عَدُوِّهِ, (S, A, Msb,) and مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ, (A, Msb,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. نَصْرٌ (S, A, Msb) and نُصْرَةٌ, (A,) or this, as remarked above, is a simple subst., (S, Msb.) He (namely, God. S, A, or a man, Msb,) aided or assisted him, and strengthened him, against his enemy: (Msb:) [he avenged him of his enemy. (See 8.)] and نَصَرَهُ اللّٰهُ God made him to be victorious, to conquer, or to overcome: so in the Kur, xxii. 15, where the pronoun relates to Mohammad. (TA.) In the Kur, xlvii. 8. إِنْ تَنْصُرُوا اللّٰهَ يَنْصُرْكُمْ means, If ye aid God's religion and his apostle, He will aid you against your enemy: (Bd, Jel) or if ye aid his servants, &c.: or if ye keep his ordinances and aid his orders and comply with his commands and shun the things which He hath forbidden, &c. (El-Basáïr.) And the trad.

أُنْصُرْ أَخَاكَ ظَالِمَّا أَوْ مَظْلُومًا is explained as meaning, Prevent thou thy brother from wronging when he is a wronger, and aid him against his wronger when he is wronged. (TA.) Also, نَصَرَهُ مِنْهُ, (K,) inf. n. نَصْرٌ and نُصْرَةٌ, (TA,) [or the latter in this sense, as in the cases above mentioned, is a simple subst.,] He served or Preserved him from him or it. (K.) b2: نَصَرَاللّٰهُ الأَرْضَ God gave rain to the earth or land. (A.) And نَصَرَ الغَيْثُ الأَرْضَ (S, M, K,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. نَصْرٌ, (M,) (tropical:) The rain aided the earth or land: (S:) or watered it: (M:) or watered it generally and copiously, (K, TA,) and caused it to produce herbage: (TA:) and نَصَرَ البَلَدَ (tropical:) it assisted the country to produce abundance of herbage: (TA:) and نُصِرَتِ الأَرْضْ (tropical:) the earth or land was watered by rain. (S.) b3: Hence, نَصَرَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نَصْرٌ, (tropical:) He gave to him. (M.) An Arab of the desert [in the A a beggar] accosted a people saying, أُنْصُرُونِى نَصَرَكُمُ اللّٰهُ, meaning, (tropical:) Give ye to me: may God give to you. (M, A.) b4: نَصَرَهُ اللّٰهُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) God bestowed upon him the means of subsistence, or the like; syn. رَزَقَهُ. (IKtt.) 2 نصّرهُ, (inf. n. تَنْصِيرٌ, K,) He made him a Christian. (S, M, K.) It is said in a trad., [relating to the natural disposition of a child to adopt the true faith,] فَأَبَوَاهُ يُهَوِّدَانِهِ وَيُنَصِّرَانِهِ [But his two parents make him a Jew or make him a Christian]. (S.) 3 نَاْصَرَ [ناصرهُ He rendered reciprocal aid to him. See an ex. voce عَاصَرَ.]5 تنصّر He laboured, or strove, to aid, or assist; syn. عَالَجَ النَّصْرَ: (M, K:) not of the same category as تَحَلَّمَ [he endeavoured to acquire حِلْم] and تبرّر [he endeavoured to characterize himself by بِرّ]. (M.) A2: He became a Christian. (M, K.) 6 تناصروا They aided or assisted one another: (S, Msb, TA:) they assisted one another to aid. (M, A, K, TA.) b2: تناصرت الأَخْبَارُ (tropical:) The accounts, or tidings, confirmed, or verified, one another. (M, K, TA.) 8 انتصر He defended himself: (Bd, Jel, lv. 35:) he defended himself against his wronger, or injurer. (TA.) b2: انتصر مِنْهُ He exacted, or obtained, his right, or due, completely, from him, so that each of them became on a par with the other: (Az, TA:) he revenged himself upon him. (Az, S, M, * Msb, K.) 10 استنصر He asked, sought, or desired, aid, or assistance. (M, K.) And استنصره He asked him to aid him, (S, Msb, K,) عَلَيْهِ against him, (S, K,) i. e. against his enemy. (S, TA.) b2: (tropical:) He begged; (K;) as though he asked for a gift, which is termed نَصْر. (TA.) نَصْرٌ [used a subst.,] Aid or assistance, rendered to another, especially against an enemy: [avengement or another:] victory or conquest: (Bd, xxix. 9:) and ↓ نُصْرَةٌ is a subst. from نَصَرَهُ [and therefore signifies the same]: (S, Msb:) or the ↓ latter signifies good aid, or assistance: (M, K:) and this ↓ same word, when the object is God, signifies aid of God's servants; &c.; as explained above: see 1. (El-Basáïr.) b2: Spoil; plunder; booty. (Bd, ubi supra.) b3: (tropical:) Rain; (A, TA;) as also ↓ نُصْرَةٌ: (TA:) in like manner as it is called فَتْح: (A, TA:) or the ↓ latter signifies a complete rain. (IAar.) b4: [Hence,] (tropical:) A gift: (S, TA:) and نَصَائِرُ gifts. (M.) b5: See also نَاصِرٌ.

نُصَرٌ: see نَاصِرٌ.

نُصْرَةٌ: see نَصْرٌ, in five places.

نَصْرِىٌّ: see نَصْرَانِىٌّ.

نَصْرَانٌ: see نَصْرَانِىٌّ.

نَصْرَانِىٌّ, (S, A, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ نَصْرَانٌ, (M, A,) or this latter has not been used without the addition of the relative ى, (S,) or it has been sometimes used, (M,) and ↓ نَصْرِىٌّ, (M, Msb, K,) but we have not heard this used, (M,) [A Christian: or this is a secondary application, and the original meaning is a Nazarene:] fem. نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) and نَصْرَانَةٌ, (S, A, K,) or the latter is used only by poetic licence: (IB:) ↓ نَصَارَى [applied to the Christians] is a rel. n. from نَاصِرَةُ, [or Nazareth,] a town of Syria, (S, M, K,) also called نَصْرَانَةُ, (Lth, IDrd, K,) or نَصْرَانُ, (S, Msb,) and نَصُورِيَةٌ, (M, Sgh, K,) without teshdeed, accord. to Sgh, (TA,) and نُصْرِىٌّ and نُصْرَى, (as in a copy of the M,) or نَصْرَى and نَصْرَوَةُ: (TA:) so originally, and then applied to such as hold the religion of its inhabitants: (Msb:) this is the opinion of the lexicologists; but it is of weak authority, though admissible as there are other anomalous rel. ns.: (M:) or [so in K, but in the S, and] نَصَارَى is pl. of نَصْرِىٌّ, (Kh, M, Msb, K,) like as مَهَارَى is pl. of مَهْرِىٌّ; (Msb, K;) or of نَصْرَانٌ (Kh, S, M) and نَصْرَانَةٌ, (S,) like as نَدَامَى is pl. of نَدْمَانٌ (Kh, S, M) and نَدْمَانَةٌ; (S;) but more probably of نَصْرَانٌ, because this word has been sometimes used, whereas we have not heard نَصْرِىٌّ used: (M:) and it is implied in the copies of the K, that أَنْصَارٌ is pl. of نَصْرَانِىٌّ; but correctly, it is a pl. of نَصْرَانٌ, without ى, as is said in the TS, and the L, in both of which is mentioned the saying of the poet, لَمَّا رَأَيْتُ نَبَطًا أَنْصَارَا [When I saw Nabatheans, Christians], meaning نَصَارَى. (TA.) النَّصْرَانِيَّةُ The religion of the نَصَارَى [or Christians]. (K, TA.) نَصُورٌ One who aids, or assists, much or well. (TA in art. عقرب.) نَصِيرٌ: see نَاصِرٌ. It has the signification of the measure فَاعِلٌ or of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; for أَخَوَانِ نَصِيرَانِ, occurring in a trad., means Two brothers, aiders of, and aided by, each other. (TA.) نَصَارَى: see نَصْرَانِىٌّ.

نَصَائِرُ: see نَصْرٌ.

نَاصِرٌ act. part. n. of نَصَرَ, An aider or assister, especially against an enemy; &c.; as also ↓ نَصِيرٌ, (S, * M, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ نَصَرٌ: (Sgh, K:) pl. (of نَصِيرٌ, (S, M, Msb, and of نَاصِرٌ, M,) أَنْصَارٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and (of نَاصِرٌ, M) نُصَّارٌ, (M, K,) and نُصُورٌ may also be a pl. of the same, as occurring in the verse of Khidásh, cited above: (M:) and أَنَاصِيرُ is a pl. pl., being pl. of أَنْصَارٌ: (TA:) and ↓ نَصْرٌ is used as sing. and pl., (M, K,) being an inf. n. employed as an epithet, like عَدْلٌ. (M.) b2: الأَنْصَارُ also signifies The Assistants of the Prophet; (M, K;) of [the tribes of] El-Ows and El-Khazraj; (TA;) being an epithet applied to them especially, (M, K,) and used as a subst., as though it were the name of a tribe, wherefore the rel. n. أَنْصَارِىٌّ [which is used as sing.] is formed from it. (M.) نَاصُورٌ: see نَاسُورٌ.

أَنْصَارٌ: see نَصْرَانِىٌّ: b2: and ناصِرٌ.

أَنْصَارِىٌّ: see نَاصِرٌ.

مَنْصُورٌ [Aided or assisted, especially against an enemy, &c.]. b2: أَرْضٌ مَنْصُورَةٌ (tropical:) Land watered by rain; rained upon. (S, A.) مُسْتَنْصِرٌ [Asking, seeking, or desiring, aid, or assistance]. b2: (tropical:) A beggar. (M.)

نفس

1 نَفُسَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نَفَاسَةٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and نِفَاسٌ and نَفسٌ (K) and نُفُوسٌ; (TA;) and ↓ أَنْفَسَ, (M, A, Msb,) inf. n. إِنْفَاسٌ; (A, Msb;) It was, or became, high in estimation, of high account, or excellent; (M, Msb, TA;) [highly prized; precious, or valuable;] and therefore, (TA,) was desired with emulation, or in much request: (S, K, TA:) and the ↓ latter verb, said of property, it was, or became, loved, and highly esteemed. (TA.) A2: نَفِسَ بِهِ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. نَفَسٌ (M) [and app. نَفْسٌ as will be shown below] and نَفَاسَةٌ and نَفَاسِيَةٌ, which last is extr., (M, TA,) He was, or became avaricious, tenacious, or niggardly, of it, (S, M, Msb, K,) because of its being in high estimation, or excellent. (Msb.) Hence the saying in the Kur, [xlvii. 40,] فَإِنَّمَا يَبْخَلُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ [app. meaning He is only avaricious from his avarice.] (TA.) You say, نَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ بِالشَّىْءِ, (M,) or عَنْهُ [in the place of عليه], (TA,) He was, or became, avaricious, &c., of the thing, towards him, or withholding it from him. (M, TA.) And نَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, (S, M, K, TA,) and بِالشَّىْءِ, (M,) inf. n. نَفَاسَةٌ. (S, K, TA,) He was, or became, avaricious, &c., of the thing, towards him, and thought him not worthy of it, and was not pleased at its coming to him: (TA:) or [simply] he thought him not worthy of it: (S, M, K;) as also نافسهُ ↓ فِيهِ ; of which last verb we have an ex. in the phrase تُنَافِسُ دُنْيَا, used by a poet in speaking of the tribe of Kureysh, meaning either تُنَافِسُ فِى دُنْبَا [they think others not worthy of worldly good]. or تُنَافسُ أَهْلَ دُنْيَا [they think the possessors of worldly good unworthy thereof]. (M.) [See also 3, below.] You say also, نَفِسْتَ عَلَىَّ بِخَيْرٍ, (A, K,) or بِخَيْرٍ قَلِيل, (S,) and نَفِسْتَ عَلَىَّ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا, (A,) inf. n. نَفْسٌ and نَفَاسَةٌ, (A,) Thou enviedst me (S, A, K) good, (A, K,) or a little good, (S,) and much good, (A.) and didst not consider me worthy of it. (A.) And فُلَانٌ مَا يَتَنَغَّسُ عَلَيْنَا الغَنِيمَةَ وَالظَّفَرَ [app. meaning Such a one does not envy us the spoil and the victory.] (A, in continuation of what here immediately precedes.) And مَا هٰذَا النَّفَسُ What is this envying? (A, TA.) A3: نُفِسَتْ; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) and نَفِسَتْ, (S, M, Msb, K,) as some of the Arabs say, (Msb.) aor. ـ, (Msb, K:) inf. n. نِفَاسٌ and نِفَاسةٌ (S, M) and نَفَسٌ, (M, TA,) or the first of these ns. is a simple subst.; (Msb;) (tropical:) She (a woman) brought forth; (S, M, K;) and نُفِسَتْ وَلَدًا [she brought forth a child]: (Th, M:) and نُفِسَتْ بِوَلَدِهَا [she brought forth her child]. (A.) You say also, وَرِث فُلَانٌ هٰذَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْفَسَ فُلَانٌ, meaning, Such a one inherited this before such a one was born. (S.) b2: Also, both these verbs, (Msb, K,) or the latter, نَفِسَتْ, only, (Az, Mgh, TA,) or the latter is the more common, (K.) the former, which is related on the authority of As, not being well known, (Msb,) (tropical:) She (a woman) menstruated. (Az, Mgh, Msb, K.) [In the CK, a confusion is made by the omission of a و before the verb which explains this last signification.] This signification and that next preceding it are from نَفْسٌ meaning “ blood. ” (Mgh.) A4: نَفَسْتُهُ بِنَفْسِ (tropical:) I smote him with an [evil or envious] eye. (S, K, TA.) 2 نفّسهُ فِيهِ, or بِهِ: see 4.

A2: نفّس كُرْبَتَهُ, (A, Mgh, Msb, K, *) and نفّس عَنْهُ كُرْبَتَهُ, (S,) inf. n. تَنْفِيسٌ (S, Msb, K) and [quasi-inf. n.] نَفَسٌ, (K,) (tropical:) He (God) removed, or cleared away, his grief, or sorrow, or anxiety: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K *:) and نفّس عَنْهُ signifies the same; (M, Mgh;) and He made his circumstances ample and easy; (M, TA;) and he (a man) eased him, or relieved him, syn. رَفَّهَ: (S, TA:) and also, this last phrase, he granted him a delay: the objective compliment being omitted: and نَفِّسْنِى is used as meaning grant thou to me a delay: or, elliptically, نَفِّسْ كَرْبِى or غَمِّى [remove thou my grief, &c.]. (Mgh.) b2: [Hence] حَرْفُ تَنْفِيسٍ, applied to the prefix سَ [and its variants سَوْفَ &c.], meaning A particle of amplification; because changing the aor. from the strait time which is the present, to the ample time, which is the future. (Mughnee, in art. س.) A3: نفّس القَوْسَ (tropical:) He cracked the bow: (Kr. M:) [see 5:] accord. to ISh, he put (حَطَّ) its string [upon the bow]. (TA.) 3 نافس فِى الشَّىْءِ, (S, K. *) inf. n. مُنَافَسَةٌ and نِفَاسٌ, (S,) He desired the thing, [or aspired to it.] with generous emulation; (S, K;) as also ↓ تنافس: (K:) and نافس صَاحِبَهُ فِيهِ [he vied with his companion in desire for it]: (A:) or تنافسوا ↓ فيه CCC signifies they desired it [or aspired to it]: (S:) or they vied, one with another, in desiring it: or they desired it with emulation; syn. فَراغَبَوا: (A, TA:) [and يُنَنَافسُ فيه it is emulously desired, or in request; or in great request:] or مُنَافَسَهٌ and ↓ تَنَافُسٌ signify the desiring to have a thing, and to have it for himself exclusively of any other person; from نَفِيسٌ, signifying a thing “ good, or goodly, or excellent, in its kind: ” (TA:) and تَنَافَسْنَا ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرَ and تنافسنا فيه we envied one another for that thing, and strove for priority in attaining it. (M.) See also تَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, with which نَافَسَهُ فِيهِ is syn. (M.) 4 انفس: see نَفُسَ, in two places.

A2: انفسهُ It (a thing, TA) pleased him, (K, TA,) and made him desirous of it: (TA:) or became highly esteemed by him. (IKtt.) b2: أَنْفَسَنى فِيهِ He made me desirous of it; (S, M, A, K:) as also تَفَّسَنِى فيه, (IAar, M, TA,) or بِهِ. (So in my copy of the A.) A3: مَا أَنْفَسَهُ How powerful is his evil, or envious, eye! (Lh, M.) 5 تنفّس [He breathed] is said of a man and of every animal having lungs: (S:) [or it signifies] he drew (اِسْتَمَدَّ) breath: (M:) or [he respired, i. e.] he drew breath with the air-passages in his nose; to his inside, and emitted it. (Msb.) Yousay also, تنفّس الصُّعَدَآءَ [He sighed: see also art. صعد]. (S.) b2: (tropical:) He (a man) emitted wind from beneath him. (TA.) b3: Also, (TA,) or تنفّس فِى الإِنَآءِ, (K,) (tropical:) He drank (K, TA) from the vessel (TA) with three restings between draughts, and separated the vessel from his mouth at every such resting: (K, TA.) and, contr., the latter phrase, (assumed tropical:) he drank [from the vessel] without separating it from his mouth: (K, TA:) which latter mode of drinking is disapproved. (TA.) b4: Also تنفّس (assumed tropical:) He lengthened in speech; he spoke long; for when a speaker takes breath, it is easy to him to lengthen his speech; and تنفس فِى الكَلَامِ signifies the same. (TA.) b5: (tropical:) It (said of the day, M, A, and of the dawn, A, and of other things, M) became extended; (M;) it became long; (M, A;) or, said of the day, accord. to Lh, it advanced so that it became noon: (M:) or it increased: (S:) and it extended far: and hence it is said of life, meaning either it became protracted, and extended far, or it became ample: (M:) and, said of the dawn, it shone forth, (Akh, S, K, TA,) and extended so that it became clear day: (Fr, TA:) or it broke, so that things became plain in consequence of it: (TA:) or it rose: (Mujáhid:) or its dusty hue shone at the approach of a gentle wind. (Bd, lxxxi. 18.) You say also, تنفّس بِهِ العُمُرُ (tropical:) [Life became long, or protracted, &c., with him]. (A.) And تنفّست دِجْلَةُ (assumed tropical:) The water of the Tigris increased. (TA.) b6: تنفّس المَوْجُ (tropical:) The waves sprinkled the water. (S, K.) b7: تنفّست القَوْسُ (tropical:) The bow cracked. (S, M, K.) It is only the stick that is not split in twain that does so; and this is the best of bows. And تنفّس in the same sense is said of an arrow. (M.) A2: [تنفّس عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ app. signifies the same as نَفِسَ عليه الشىء, q. v.]6 تَنَاْفَسَ see 3, throughout.

نَفْسٌ The soul; the spirit; the vital principle; syn. رُوحٌ: (S, M, A, Msb, K:) but between these two words is a difference [which must be fully explained hereafter, though ISd says, that it is not of the purpose of his book, the M, to explain it]: (M:) in this sense it is fem.: (Msb:) pl. [of pauc.] أَنْفُسٌ and [of mult.] نُفُوسٌ. (M, Msb.) You say, خَرَجَتْ نَفْسُهُ [His soul, or spirit, went forth]; (Aboo-Is-hák, S, M, Msb, K;) and so جَادَتْ نَفْسُهُ. (Msb.) And a poet says, not Aboo-Khirásh as in the S, but Hudheyfeh Ibn-Anas, (IB,) نَجَا سَالِمٌ والنَّفْسُ مِنْهُ بِشِدْقِهِ وَلَمْ يَنْجُ إِلَّا جَفْنَ سَيْفٍ وَمِئْزَرَا i. e., [Sálim escaped when the soul was in the side of his mouth; but he escaped not save] with the scabbard of a sword and with a waist-wrapper. (S.) In the same sense the word is used in the saying. فِى نَفْسِ فُلَانٍ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا [but this seems rather to mean, It is in the mind of such a one to do so and so]. (Aboo-Is-hák, M.) Some of the lexicologists assert the نَفْس and the رُوح to be one and the same, except that the former is fem., and the latter [generally or often] masc.: others say, that the latter is that whereby is life; and the former, that whereby is intellect, or reason; so that when one sleeps, God takes away his نفس, but not his روح, which is not taken save at death: and the نَفْس is thus called because of its connexion with the نَفَس [or breath]. (IAmb.) Or every man has نَفْسَانِ [two souls]: (I'Ab, Zj:) نَفْسُ العَقْلِ [the soul of intellect, or reason, also called النَّفْسُ النَّاطِقَةُ (see رُوحٌ)], whereby one discriminates, [i. e., the mind,] (I'Ab,) or نَفْسُ التَّمْيِيزِ [the soul of discrimination], which quits him when he sleeps, so that he does not understand thereby, God taking it away: (Zj:) and نَفْسُ الرُّوحِ [the soul of the breath], whereby one lives, (I'Ab,) or نَفْسُ الحَيَاةِ [the soul of life], and when this quits him, the breath quits with it; whereas the sleeper breathes: and this is the difference between the taking away of the نفس of the sleeper in sleep and the taking away of the نفس of the living [at death.] (Zj.) Much has been said respecting the نَفْس and the رُوح; whether they be one, or different: but the truth is, that there is a difference between them, since they are not always interchangeable: for it is said in the Kur, [xv. 29 and xxxviii. 72,] وَنَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِى [And I have blown into him of my spirit.]; not مِنْ نَفْسِى: and [v. 116,] تَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِى [to be explained hereafter]; not فِى رُوحِى, nor would this expression be well except from Jesus: and [lviii. 9,] وَيَقُولُونَ فِى أَنْفُسِهِمْ [And they say in their souls, or within themselves]: for which it would not be well to say فِى أَرْوَاحِهِمْ: and [xxxix. 57,] أَنْ تَقُولَ نَفْسٌ [That a soul shall say]; for which no Arab would say أَنْ تَقُولَ رُوحٌ: hence, the difference between them depends upon the considerations of relation: and this is indicated by a trad., in which it is said that God created Adam, and put into him a نَفْس and a رُوح; and that from the latter was his quality of abstaining from unlawful and indecorous things, and his understanding, and his clemency, or forbearance, and his liberality, and his fidelity; and from the former, [which is also called النَّفْسُ الأَمَّارَةُ, q. v., in art. أمر,] his appetence, and his unsteadiness, and his hastiness of disposition, and his anger: therefore one should not say that نَفْسٌ is the same as رُوحٌ absolutely, without restriction, nor رُوحٌ the same as نَفْس. (R.) The Arabs also make the discriminative نَفْس to be two; because it sometimes commands the man to do a thing or forbids him to do it; and this is on the occasion of setting about an affair that is disliked: therefore they make that which commands him to be a نفس, and that which forbids him to be as though it were another نفس: and hence the saying, mentioned by Z, فُلَانٌ يُؤَامِرُ نَفْسَيْهِ (tropical:) [Such a one consults his two souls, or minds]; said of a man when two opinions occur to him. (TA.) [بِنَفْسِى فُلَانٌ is an elliptical phrase sometimes used, for بِنَفْسِى فُلَانٌ مَفْدِىٌّ, which see in art. فدى.] b2: (assumed tropical:) A thing's self; (S, M, A, K, TA;) used as a corroborative; (S, TA;) its whole, (Aboo-Is-hák, M, TA,) and essential constituent: (Aboo-Is-hák, M, A, K, TA:) pl. as above, أَنْفُسٌ and نُفُوسٌ. (M.) You say, رَأَيْتُ فُلَانًا نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) I saw such a one himself, (S,) and جَآءَنِى بِنَفْسِهِ [or, more properly, حَآءَنِى هُوَ بِنَفْسِهِ (see, under the head of بِ, a remark on that preposition when used in a case of this kind, redundantly,)] He came to me himself. (S, K.) And وَلِىَ الأَمْرَ بِنَفْسِهِ [He superintended, managed, or conducted, the affair in his own person]. (K, in art. بشر, &c.) And حَدَّثَ نَفْسَهُ [He talked to himself; soliloquized]. (Msb, in art. بلو; &c.) and قَتَلَ فُلَانٌ نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one killed himself]: and أَهْلَكَ نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) made his whole self to fall into destruction. (Aboo-Is-hák, M.) And hence, (TA,) from نَفْسُ الشَّىْءِ signifying ذَاتُهُ, (M,) the saying mentioned by Sb, نَزَلْتُ بِنَفْسِ الجَبَلِ (assumed tropical:) [I alighted in the mountain itself]: and نَفْسُ الجَبَلِ مُقَابِلِى (assumed tropical:) [The mountain itself is facing me]. (M, TA.) [Hence also the phrase] فِى نَفْسِ الأَمْرِ [meaning (assumed tropical:) in reality; in the thing itself]: as in the saying, قَلَّلَهُ فِى نَفْسِهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ قَلِيلًا فِى نَفْسِ الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) [He held it to be little in his mind though it was not little in reality]. (Msb, art. قل.) The words of the Kur, [v. 116,] تَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِى وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِكَ mean (assumed tropical:) Thou knowest what is in myself, or in my essence, and I know not what is in thyself, or in thine essence: (Bd, K:) or Thou knowest what I conceal (M, Bd, Jel) in my نفس [or mind], (Bd, Jel,) and I know not what is in thyself, or in thine essence, nor that whereof Thou hast the knowledge, (M.) or what Thou concealest of the things which Thou knowest; (Bd, Jel;) so that the interpretation is, Thou knowest what I know, and I know not what Thou knowest: (M:) or نفس is here syn. with عِنْد; and the meaning is, تَعْلَمُ مَا عِنْدِى وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا عِنْدَكَ; (K, * TA;) [i. e., Thou knowest what is in my particular place of being, and I know not what is in thy particular place of being; for] the adverbiality in this instance is that of مَكَانَة, not of مَكَان: (TA:) but the best explanation is that of IAmb, who says that نفس is here syn. with غَيْب; so that the meaning is, Thou knowest غَيْبِى [my hidden things, or what is hidden from me, and I know not thy hidden things, or what Thou hidest]; and the correctness of this is testified by the concluding words of the verse, إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الغُيُوبِ [for Thou art he who well knoweth the hidden things]: (TA:) [and here it must be remarked that] العَيْبُ, which occurs afterwards in the K as one of the significations of النَّفْسُ, is a mistake for الغَيْبُ, the word used by IAmb in explaining the above verse. (TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A person; a being; an individual; syn. شَخْصٌ; (Msb;) a man, (Sb, S, M, TA,) altogether, his soul and his body; (TA;) a living being, altogether. (Mgh, Msb.) In this sense of شخص it is masc.: (Msb:) or, accord to Lh, the Arabs said, رَأَيْتُ نَفْسًا وَاحِدَةً (assumed tropical:) [I saw one person], making it fem.; and in like manner, رَأَيْتُ نَفْسَيْنِ ثِنْتَيْنِ (assumed tropical:) [I saw two persons]; but they said, رَأَيْتُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَنْفُسٍ (assumed tropical:) [I saw three persons], and so all the succeeding numbers, making it masc.: but, he says, it is allowable to make it masc. in the sing. and dual., and fem. in the pl.: and all this, he says, is related on the authority of Ks: (M:) Sb says, (M.) they said ثَلَاثَةُ أَنْفُسٍ, (S, M,) making it masc., (S,) because they mean by نفس “ a man,” (S, M,) as is shown also by their saying نَفْسٌ وَاحِدٌ: (M:) but Yoo asserts of Ru-beh, that he said ثَلَاثُ أَنْفُسٍ, making نفس fem., like as you say ثَلَاثُ أَعْيُنٍ, meaning, of men; and ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْخُصٍ, meaning, of women: and it is said in the Kur, [iv. l, &c.,] اَلَّذِى خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ (assumed tropical:) [who created you from one man], meaning, Adam. (M.) You also say, مَا رَأَيْتُ ثَمَّ نَفْسًا (assumed tropical:) I saw not there any one. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A brother: (IKh, IB:) a copartner in religion and relationship: (Bd, xxiv. 61:) a copartner in faith and religion. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) (assumed tropical:) It is said in the Kur, [xxiv. 61,] فَإِذَا دَخَلْتُمْ بُيُوتًا فَسَلِّمُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ and when ye enter houses, salute ye your brethren: (IB:) or your copartners in religion and relationship. (Bd.) And in verse 12 of the same chapter.

بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ means (assumed tropical:) Of their copartners in faith and religion. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) b5: (tropical:) Blood: (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K:) [or the life-blood: in this sense, fem.:] pl. [of pauc. أَنْفُسٌ and of mult.] نُفُوسٌ: (IB:) so called [because the animal soul was believed by the Arabs, as it was by many others in ancient times, (see Gen. ix. 4, and Aristotle, De Anim. i. 2, and Virgil's Æn. ix. 349.) to diffuse itself throughout the body by means of the arteries: or] because the نَفْس [in its proper sense, i. e. the soul,] goes forth with it: (TA:) or because it sustains the whole animal. (Mgh, Msb.) You say, سَالَتْ نَفْسُهُ (tropical:) [His blood flowed]. (S.) And نَفْسٌ سَائِلَةٌ (tropical:) [Flowing blood]. (S, A, Mgh.) And دَفَقَ نَفْسَهُ (tropical:) He shed his blood. (A, TA.) b6: (tropical:) The body. (S, A, K.) b7: (assumed tropical:) [Sometimes it seems to signify The stomach. So in the present day. You say, لَعِبَتْ نَفْسُهُ, meaning He was sick in the stomach. See غَثَتْ نَفْسُهُ, in art. غثى; and مَذِرَتْ مَعِدَتُهُ and نَفْسُهُ, in art. مذر.] b8: (assumed tropical:) [The pudendum: so in the present day: in the K, art. حشو, applied to a woman's vulva.] b9: [From the primary signification are derived several others, of attributes of the rational and animal souls; and such are most of the signification here following.] b10: (assumed tropical:) Knowledge. (A.) [See, above, an explanation of the words cited from ch. v. verse 116 of the Kur-án.] b11: (assumed tropical:) Pride: (A, K, TA:) and self-magnification; syn. عِزَّةٌ. (A, K.) b12: (assumed tropical:) Disdain, or scorn. (A, K.) b13: (assumed tropical:) Purpose, or intention: or strong determination: syn. هِمَّةٌ. (A, K.) b14: (assumed tropical:) Will, wish, or desire. (A, K.) b15: [Copulation: see 3, art رود.] b16: [(assumed tropical:) Stomach, or appetite.] b17: (tropical:) An [evil or envious] eye, (S, M, A, K, TA,) that smites the person or thing at which it is cast: pl. أَنْفُسٌ. (TA.) [See 1, last signification.] So in a trad., in which it is said, that the نَمْلَة and the حُمَة and the نَفْس are the only things for which a charm is allowable. (TA.) You say, أَصَابَتْ فُلَانًا نَفْسٌ (tropical:) [An evil or envious eye smote such a one]. (S.) and Mohammad said, of a piece of green fat that he threw away, كَانَ فِيهَا سَبْعَةُ أَنْفُسٍ, meaning, (tropical:) There were upon it seven [evil or envious] eyes. (TA.) b18: (assumed tropical:) Strength of make, and hardiness, of a man: and (assumed tropical:) closeness of texture, and strength, of a garment or piece of cloth. (M.) A2: Punishment. (A, K.) Ex. وَيُحَذِّرُكُم اللّٰهُ نَفْسَهُ, (K,) in the Kur, [iii. 27 and 28, meaning, And God maketh you to fear his punishment]; accord. to F; but others say that the meaning is, Himself. (TA.) A3: A quantity (S, M, K,) of قَرَظ, and of other things, with which hides are tanned, (S, K,) sufficient for one tanning: (S, M, K:) or enough for two tannings: (TA:) or a handful thereof: (M:) pl. أَنَفُسٌ. (M.) You say, هَبْ لِى نفْسًا مِنْ دِبَاغٍ [Give thou to me a quantity of material for tanning sufficient for one tanning, or for two tannings, &c.]. (S.) نَفَسٌ [Breath;] what is drawn in by the airpassages in the nose, [or by the mouth,] to the inside, and emitted, (Msb;) what comes forth from a living being in the act of تَنَفُّس. (Mgh:) or the exit of wind from the nose and the mouth: (M:) pl. أَنْفَاسٌ. (S, M, A. Mgh, Msb, K.) b2: A gentle air: pl. as above. (M, Msb.) You say also, نَفَسُ الرِّيحِ [The breath of the wind]: and نَفَسُ الرَّوْصَةِ the sweet [breath or] odour [of the meadow, or of the garden, &c.]. (TA.) b3: [Hence, app., its application in the phrase] نَفَسَ السَّاعَةِ [The blast of the last hour; meaning,] the end of time. (Kr, M.) b4: [Hence also, (assumed tropical:) Speech: and kind speech: (see an ex. voce أَمْلَحَ:) so in the present day.] b5: [and (assumed tropical:) Voice, or a sweet voice, in singing: so in the present day.] b6: A gulp. or as much as is swallowed at once in drinking: (S, L, K:) but this requires consideration; for in one نَفَس a man takes a number of gulps, more or less according to the length or shortness of his breath, so that we [sometimes] see a man drink [the contents of] a large vessel in one نَفَس, at a number of gulps: (L:) [therefore it signifies sometimes, if not always, a draught, or as much as is swallowed without taking breath:] pl. as above. (S.) You say, إِكْرَعْ فِى الإِتَآءِ نَفَسًا أَوْ نَفَسَيْنِ (tropical:) [Put thou thy mouth into the vessel and drink] a gulp, or two gulps: [or a draught, or two draughts:] and exceed not that. (S; And شَربْتُ نَفَسًا وَأَنْفَاسًا (tropical:) [I drank a gulp, and gulps: or a draught, and draughts]. (A.) And فُلَانٌ شَرِبَ الإِنَآءَ كُلَّهُ عَلَى نَفَسٍ وَاحِدٍ (tropical:) [Such a one drank the whole contents of the vessel at one gulp or at one draught]. (L.) b7: (tropical:) Every resting between two draughts: (M, TA:) [pl. as above.] Yousay, شَرِبَ بِنَفَسٍ وَاحِدٍ (tropical:) [He drank with one resting between draughts]. (A.) And شَربَ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَنْفَاسٍ (tropical:) [He drank with three restings between draughts]. (A. K.) [And hence,] شَرَابٌ ذُو نَفَسِ (tropical:) Beverage in which is ampleness, [so that one pauses while drinking it, to take breath,] and which satisfies thirst. (IAar, K.) And شَرَابٌ غَيْرُ ذِى نَفَسٍ (tropical:) Beverage of disagreeable taste, (A, K, *) changed in taste and odour, (K,) in drinking which one does not take breath (A, K) when he has tasted it; (K;) taking a first draught, as much as will keep in the remains of life, and not returning to it. (TA.) b8: [and hence it is said that] نَفَسٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) Satisfaction, or the state of being satisfied, with drink; syn. دِىَّ. (IAar, K.) b9: [Hence also.] (tropical:) Plenty, and redundance. So in the saying إِنّ فِى المَآءِ نَفَسًا لِى وَلَكَ [Verily in the water is plenty, and redundance, for me and for thee]. (Lh, M.) b10: (tropical:) A wide space: (TA:) (tropical:) a distance (A.) You say, بَيْنَ الفَر يقَيْن نَفَسٌ (tropical:) Between the two parties is a wide space. (TA.) And بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَهٌ نَفَسٌ (tropical:) Between me and him is a distance. (A.) b11: (tropical:) Ample scope for action &c.; and a state in which is ample scope for action &c., syn. سعةٌ, (S, M, A, Mgh, K,) and فُسْحَةٌ, (A, K,) in an affair. (S, M, A, K.) You say, لَك فِى هٰذَا نَفَسٌ [There is ample scope for action &c. for thee in this. (Mgh.) And أَنْتَ فِى نَفِس مِنْ أَمْرِكَ (tropical:) [Thou art in a state in which is ample scope for action &c. with respect to thine affair. (S, M.) And إِعْملْ وَأَنْتَ فِى نَفَسٍ مِنْ أَمْرِكَ (tropical:) Work thou while thou art in a state in which is ample scope for action &c. (فِى فُسْحَةٍ وَسَعَة) with respect to thine affair, before extreme old age, and diseases, and calamities. (TA.) See also نُفْسَةٌ. b12: (tropical:) Length. (M.) So in the saying زِدْنى نَفَسًا فِى أَجَلِى (tropical:) [Add thou to me length in my term of life]: (M:) or lengthen thou my term of life. (TA.) You say also, ↓ فِى عُمُرِهِ مُتَنَفَّسٌ (tropical:) [In his life is length: see 5]. (A, TA.) b13: The pl., in the accus. case, also signifies (assumed tropical:) Time after time. So in the saying of the poet, عَيْنَىَّ جُودَا عَبْرَةً أَنْفَاسَا [O my two eyes, pour forth a flow of tears time after time]. (S.) A2: نَفَسٌ is also a subst. put in the place of the proper inf. n. of نَفَّسَ; and is so used in the two following sayings, (K, TA,) of Mohammad. (TA.) لَا تَسبُوُّا الرِّيحَ فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ نَفَسِ الرَّحْمٰنِ, i. e. (tropical:) [Revile not ye the wind, for] it is a means whereby the Compassionate removes grief, or sorrow, or anxiety, (K, TA,) and raises the clouds, (TA,) and scatters the rain, and dispels dearth, or drought. (K, TA.) and أَجِدُ نَفَسَ رَبَِّكُمْ مِنْ قِبَلِ اليَمَنِ (tropical:) I perceive your Lord's removal of grief, &c., from the direction of El-Yemen: meaning, through the aid and hospitality of the people of El-Medeeneh, who were of El-Yemen; (K, TA;) i. e., of the Ansár, who were of [the tribe of] El-Azd, from ElYemen. (TA.) It is [said by some to be] a metaphor, from نَفَسُ الهَوَآءِ, which the act of breathing draws back into the inside, so that its heat becomes cooled and moderated: or from نَفَسُ الرِّيِح, which one scents, so that thereby he refreshes himself: or from نَفَسُ الرَّوْضَةِ. (TA.) You also say, مَا لِى نَفَسٌ, meaning, (tropical:) There is not for me any removal, or clearing away, of grief. (A.) A3: It is also used as an epithet, signifying (assumed tropical:) Long; (Az, K;) applied to speech, (K,) and to writing, or book, or letter. (Az, K.) نُفْسَةٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) with damm, (K,) [in a copy of the S, نَفْسَةٌ,] (assumed tropical:) Delay; syn. مَهْلَةٌ; (S, Mgh, K;) and ample space, syn. مُتَّسَعٌ. (TA.) Ex. لَكَ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ نُفْسَةٌ (assumed tropical:) [Thou shalt have, in this affair, a delay, and ample space]. (S, Mgh, * TA.) See also نَفَسٌ.

نَفْسِىٌ Relating to the نَفْس, or soul, &c.: vital: and sensual; as also ↓ نَفْسَانِىٌّ.]

نُفَسَآءُ (Th, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.) and نَفَسَآءُ and نَفْسَآءُ (M, K) (tropical:) A woman in the state following childbirth: (S, M, * Mgh, * Msb, * K:) or bringing forth: and pregnant: and menstruating: (Th, M:) and نَافِسٌ signifies the same; (Msb;) and so ↓ مَنْفُوسَةٌ: (A:) [see نُفِسَتْ:] dual نُفَسَاوَانِ; the fem. ء being changed into و as in عُشَرَاوَانِ: (S:) pl. نِفَاسٌ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) like as عِشَارٌ is pl. of عُشَرَآءُ, (S, Msb, K,) the only other instance of the kind, (S, K,) and نُفَاسٌ, (M, K,) which is also the only instance of the kind except عُشَارٌ, (K,) and نُفَّاسٌ, and نُفَّسٌ and نُفَسٌ (M) and نُفُسٌ (M, K) and نُفْسٌ (K) and نُفَسَاوَاتٌ (S, M, K) and [accord. to analogy, of نَافِسٌ,] نَوَافِسُ. (K.) نَفْسَانٌ, or نَفْسَانِىٌّ: see نَفُوسٌ.

نَفْسَانِىٌّ: see نَفْسِىٌّ: b2: and نَفُوسٌ.

نِفَاسٌ (tropical:) Childbirth (S, K) from نَفْسٌ signifying “ blood. ” (Msb, TA.) See نُفِسَتْ. b2: [And The state of impurity consequent upon childbirth. See 5, in art. عل.] b3: Also, (tropical:) The blood that comes forth immediately after the child: an inf. n. used as a subst. (Mgh.) b4: A poet says, (namely, Ows Ibn-Hajar, O, in art. طرق,) لَنَا صَرْخَةٌ ثُمَّ إِسْكَاتَةٌ كَمَا طَرَّقَتْ بِنِفَاسٍ بِكِرْ [We utter a cry; then keep a short silence; like as when one that has never yet brought forth experiences resistance and difficulty in giving birth to a child, or young one]; meaning, بِوَلَدٍ. (S.) نَفُوسٌ An envious man: (M, TA:) (tropical:) one who looks with an evil eye, with injurious intent, at the property of others: (M, A, * TA:) as also ↓ نَفْسَانٌ, (TA,) or ↓ نَفْسَانِىٌّ. (A.) نَفِيسٌ A thing high in estimation; of high account; excellent; (Lh, M, Msb, TA;) [highly prized; precious; valuable; and therefore (TA) desired with emulation, or in much request; (S, K, TA;) good, goodly, or excellent, in its kind; (TA;) and ↓ نَافِسٌ signifies the same, (M,) and so does ↓ مُنْفِسٌ, (Lh, M, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ مَنْفُوسٌ: (K:) it signifies thus when applied to property, as well as other things; as also ↓ مَنْفِسٌ: (Lh, M:) and, when so applied, of which one is avaricious, or tenacious: (M:) or ↓ مُنْفِسٌ, so applied, abundant; much; (K;) as also ↓ مُنْفَسٌ: (Fr, K:) and ↓ نَافِسٌ, a thing of high account or estimation, and an object of desire: (TA:) this last is also applied, in like manner, to a man; as also نَفِيسٌ: and the pl. [of either] is نِفَاسٌ (M, TA) Youalso say, ↓ أَمْرٌ مَنْفُوسٌ فِيهِ, meaning, A thing that is desired. (M.) And فِيهِ ↓ شَىْءٌ مُتَنَافَسٌ A thing emulously desired, or in much request. (A.) b2: Also, [as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] Much property; (S, A, K;) and so ↓ مُنْفِسٌ. (S.) You say, لِفُلَانٍ مُنْفِسٌ and نَفِيسٌ Such a one has much property. (S.) And مَا يَسُرُّنِى بِهٰذَا الأَمْرِ مَنْفِسٌ and نَفِيسٌ [Much property does not rejoice me with this affair]. (S.) نَافِسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ, in three places.

A2: See also نُفَسَآءُ.

A3: (tropical:) Smiting with an evil, or envious, eye. (S, M, K.) A4: The fifth of the arrows used in the game called المَيْسِر; (S, M, K;) which has five notches; and for which one wins five portions if it be successful, and loses five portions if it be unsuccessful: (Lh, M:) or, as some say, the fourth. (S.) هٰذَا أَنْفَسُ مَالِى This is the most loved and highly esteemed of my property. (S, TA.) A2: بَلَّغَكَ اللّٰهُ أَنْفَسَ الأَعْمَارِ (tropical:) [May God cause thee to attain to the most protracted, or most ample, of lives: see 5]. (A, TA.) And دَارُكَ أَنْفَسُ مِنْ دَارِى (tropical:) Thy house is more ample, or spacious, than my house: (M:) and the like is said of two places: (M:) and of two lands. (A.) And هٰذَا التَّوْبُ أَنْفَسُ مِنْ هٰذَا (tropical:) This garment, or piece of cloth, is wider and longer and more excellent than this. (M.) And ثَوْبٌ أَنْفَسُ الثَّوْبَيْنِ (tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, the longer and wider of the two garments, or pieces of cloth. (A.) مُنْفَسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ; for the latter, throughout.

مُنْفِسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ; for the latter, throughout.

مَنْفُوسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ, in two places.

A2: (tropical:) Brought forth; born. (S, M, A, Msb, K.) It is said in a trad., مَا مِنْ نَفْسٍ مَنْفُوسَةٍ إِلَّا وَقَذْ كُتِبَ مَكَانُهَا مِنَ الجَنَّةِ أَوِ النَّارِ (tropical:) [There is not any soul born but its place in Paradise or Hell has been written]. (S.) b2: مَنْفُوسَةٌ applied to a woman: see نُفَسَآءُ.

A3: (tropical:) Smitten with an evil, or envious, eye. (M.) مُتَنَفَّسٌ A place of passage of the breath.] b2: فى عُمُرِهِ مُتَنَفَّسٌ: see نَفَسٌ. b3: See also سَحَرٌ.

مُتَنَفِّسٌ [Breathing;] having breath: (TA:) or having a soul: (so in a copy of the M:) an epithet applied to everything having lungs. (S, TA.) b2: غَائِطٌ مُتَنَفِّسٌ (tropical:) A depressed expanse of land extending far. (A, TA.) b3: أَنْفٌ مُتَنَفِّسٌ (tropical:) A nose of which the bone is wide and depressed; or depressed and expanded; or a nose spreading upon the face: syn. أَفْطَسُ. (A, TA.) شَىْءٌ مُتَنَافَسٌ فِيهِ: see نَفِيسٌ.

قتب

1 قَتْبٌ The feeding (O, K) a guest (O) with [the intestines called] أَقْتَاب [pl. of قِتْبٌ or of قِتْبَةٌ] roasted, or broiled: (O, K:) an inf. n. of which the verb is قَتَبَ. (TK.) 2 قُتِّبَ كَاهِلُهُ, said of a man, (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, such as is termed أَجْنَأُ. (JK. [See رَجُلٌ مُقَتَّبُ الكَاهِلِ, below.] b2: And one says, فِى كَاهِلِ الفَرَسِ تَقْتِيبٌ i. e. جَنَأٌ (tropical:) [app. meaning In the withers of the horse is a bending over the breast]. (A.) 4 أَقْتَبْتُ البَعِيرَ, (S, A,) inf. n. إِقْتَابٌ, (S, K,) I bound upon the camel the [saddle called] قَتَب. (S, A, K.) b2: Hence, (A,) اقتبهُ يَمِينًا, (T, A, O,) inf. n. as above, (K,) (tropical:) He imposed upon him a hard, or severe, oath; (T, A, O, K; *) as though he put upon him a [saddle of the kind called]

قَتَب: and in like manner, اقتبهُ فِى اليَمِينِ: (A:) and اقتب عَلَيْهِ فِى اليَمِينِ. (T, O.) And اقتبهُ الدَّيْنُ (tropical:) Debt, or the debt, pressed heavily upon him. (A.) قِتْبٌ (Ks, S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ قِتْبَةٌ (As, S, ISd, O, Msb, K) and ↓ قَتَبٌ (TA) i. q. مِعًى

[i. e An intestine of those into which the food passes from the stomach]: (S, O, Msb, K:) or (S, O, K,) as AO says of the first of these words, (S, O,) an intestine of the belly that winds round, or takes a coiled form; (S, O, K;) and such as take this form are [also] called the حَوَايَا; but the أَمْعَآء are the أَقْصَاب: (S, O:) قِتْبٌ is of the fem. gender: (Ks, S, O:) and its pl. is أَقْتَابٌ: (Ks, S, O, Msb:) or the sing. of this pl. is ↓ قِتْبَةٌ: and the dim. is ↓ قُتَيْبَةٌ. (As, S, O, Msb, K.) A2: And قِتْبٌ signifies also All the apparatus, or furniture, of the سَانِيَة [i. e. camel, or she-camel, upon which water is drawn] (S, ISd, O, K;) consisting of the أَعْلَاق [pl. of عَلَقٌ q. v.] of the سانية, and the ropes thereof. (S, ISd, O.) b2: See also the next paragraph, in two places.

قَتَبٌ A small رَحْل [or camel's saddle], (S, O,) or a small [camel's saddle such as is called إِكَاف, (ISd, K,) of a size corresponding to the hump: (S, ISd, O, K:) or [a sort of pack-saddle for a camel; i. e.] the إِكَاف that is put upon such beasts [or camels] as transport burdens: (A:) or [simply] i. q. إِكَافٌ; as also ↓ قِتْبٌ; but the former is the more common: (K:) or the ↓ قِتْب is only what belongs to the سَانِيَة [meaning as expl. in the next preceding paragraph], (As, TA,) or to the camel that draws water (لِلْبَعِيرِ السَّانِى); (JK;) and the إِكَاف belongs to the ass, or is common to the ass and the mule and the camel: (TA:) the قَنَب belongs to the camel: (Msb:) the word thus applied is sometimes fem., though more commonly masc.: and its dim. is ↓ قُتَيْبَةٌ: (TA:) the pl. is أَقْتَابٌ, (Sb, A, Msb, K, TA,) only, (Sb, TA.) It is said in a trad. that the woman on the occasion of her bringing forth used to be seated upon a قَتَب, in order that her parturition might be more easy. (O.) b2: هُوَ قَنَبٌ يَعَضُّ بِالغَارِبِ (tropical:) [lit. He is a saddle that pinches the fore part of the hump] and قَتَبٌ مِلْحَاحٌ (tropical:) [a pinching, galling, saddle] are said of an importunate person. (A.) A2: See also قِتْبٌ.

قَتِبٌ [in the O without any vowel-sign] Narrow, or contracted, (O, K, TA,) in disposition, (TA,) quickly excited to anger. (O, K, TA.) قِتْبَةٌ: see قِتْبٌ, in two places.

قَتُوبٌ: see the paragraph here following.

قَتُوبَةٌ Camels upon which the [kind of saddle called] قَتَب is bound: (S, A, O, K, TA:) or a camel upon which the قَتَب may be put: (Lh, TA:) the ة is affixed because the word is similar to حَلُوبَةٌ and رَكُوبَةٌ, (S, O, TA,) having the signification of a pass. part. n.; but one may elide the ة, saying ↓ قَتُوبٌ. (TA.) It is said in a trad., لَا صَدَقَةَ فِى الإِبِلِ القَتُوبَةِ, meaning There is no poor rate in the case of the working camels, (O, TA,) but only in the case of the pasturing. (O.) And you say, كَأَنِّى لَهُمْ قَتُوبَةٌ وَكَأَنَّ مَؤُونَتَهُمْ عَلَىَّ مَكْتُوبَةٌ (tropical:) [I am as though I were to them a working camel, and as though their food were prescribed as incumbent on me]. (A.) قُتَيْبَةٌ a dim. n.: see قِتْبٌ: A2: and قَتَبٌ.

مُقْتَبٌ عَلَيْهِ (tropical:) One upon whom is imposed a hard, or severe, oath. (T, O, TA.) رَجُلٌ مُقَتَّبُ الكَاهِلِ (tropical:) i. q. أَجْنَأُ [app. meaning A man having a bending of the upper part of the back over the breast]. (JK, A. *)

قعد

1 قَعَدَ, (S, K, &c.,) aor. ـُ (A, L,) inf. n. قُعُودٌ and مَقْعَدٌ (S, L, K) and قَعْدٌ, (L,) He sat; i. q. جَلَسَ [when the latter is used in its largest sense]; (S, A, L, K;) so accord. to 'Orweh Ibn-Zubeyr, a high authority; contr. of قَامَ: (L:) or it signifies he sat down; or sat after standing: and جلس, he sat after lying on his side or prostrating himself: (Kh, IKh, El-Hareeree, K:) or, as some say, قعد signifies he sat for some length of time. (MF.) See also جَلَسَ. b2: [And hence, He remained.] b3: قَامَ وَقَعَدَ (tropical:) He experienced griefs which disquieted him so that he could not remain at rest, but stood up and sat down. (Mgh, art. قدم.) [See an ex. voce سُدَّةٌ.] هٰذَا شَىْءٌ يَقْعُدُ بِهِ عَلَيْكَ العَدُوُّ وَيَقُومُ (tropical:) [This is a thing for which the enemy will be restless in his attempts against thee]. (A.) ضَرَبَهُ ضَرْبَةَ ابْنَةِ اقْعُدِى وَقُومِى He beat him with a beating of a female slave: (IAar, L, K: *) who is thus called because she sits and stands in the service of her masters, being ordered to do so. (IAar, L.) b4: [قَعَدَ لَهُ, properly, He sat for him, often means He lay in wait for him, in the road, or way: see an ex. in a verse cited voce سَدٌّ.] b5: قَعَدَتِ الرَّخَمَةُ (tropical:) The aquiline vulture lay upon its breast on the ground; syn. جَثَمَت. (S, A, K.) See also جَلَسَ. b6: [Hence, from the notion of sitting down over against any one,] قَعَدَ بِقِرْنِهِ (assumed tropical:) He was able to contend with his adversary. (L, K.) b7: بَنُو فُلَانٍ

لِبَنِى فُلَانٍ يَقْعُدُونَ (assumed tropical:) The sons of such a one are able to contend with the sons of such a one, and come to them with their numbers. (L.) b8: قَعَدُوا عَنَّا (assumed tropical:) They were able to contend for us, with their warriors, and to suffice us in war. (L.) b9: قَعَدَ لِلْحَرْبِ (tropical:) He prepared for war those who should contend therein. (L, K.) b10: قَعَدَ لِلْأَمْرِ He performed the affair; syn. إِهْتَمَّ بِهِ. (Msb.) b11: قَعَدَ يَشْتِمُنِى (tropical:) He set about, fell to, or commenced, reviling me. (Fr, A, L.) b12: [And from the notion of sitting down in refusal or unwillingness,] قَعَدَ عَنِ الأَمْرِ (tropical:) He abstained from, omitted, neglected, left, relinquished, or forsook, the thing or affair; (A, Mgh;) he hung back, or held back, from it. (IKtt.) قَعَدَ عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ (tropical:) He hung, back, or held back, from accomplishing his want. (Msb.) قَعَدَ عَنِ القَوْمِ (assumed tropical:) He remained behind, or after, the people, or party, not going with them. (Msb, art. خلف.) And قَعَدْتُ بَعْدَهُ [(assumed tropical:) I remained behind, or after, him;] as also قعدت خِلَافَهُ: (Msb, ibid.:) and قَعَدَ خِلَافَ أَصْحَابِهِ, He remained behind, or after, his companions; he did not go forth with them (TA, in art. خلف) b13: [قَعَدَ مَعَهُ and قَعَدَ إِلَيْهِ are like جَلَسَ مَعَهُ and جَلَسَ إِلَيْهِ, q. v.] b14: قَعَدَ بِهِ, see 4 in three places, and 5. b15: قَعَدَتْ, inf. n. قُعُودٌ; (K;) or قَعَدَتْ عَنِ الوَلَدِ, (Mgh, K,) and الحَيْضِ, (A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and الزَّوْجِ; (A, Msb, K;) (tropical:) She (a woman) ceased from bearing children, (A, Mgh, K,) and from having the menstrual discharge, and from having a husband. (A, K.) [And hence,] (tropical:) She (a woman) had no husband: (K, * TA:) said of her who is, and of her who is not, a virgin. (TA.) b16: قَعَدَتِ النَّخْلَةُ (tropical:) The palm-tree bore fruit one year and not another. (L, K.) b17: قَعَدَ مَقَاعِدَ رِقَاقًا (assumed tropical:) [He had thin evacuations of the bowels: see سَدَّ] (TA, in art. سك.) b18: قَعَدٌ Laxness (S, K) and depression (S) in the shank (وَظِيف) of a camel. (S, K.) [App. an inf. n., of which the verb is قَعِدَ. But see 1 in art. صدف.]

A2: قَعَدَ It [or he] became; syn. صَارَ. Ex. حَدَّدَ شَفْرَتَهُ حَتَّى قَعَدَتْ كَأَنَّهَا حَرْبَةٌ He sharpened his large knife so that it became as though it were a javelin. And ثَوْبَكَ لَا تَقْعُدُ تَطِيرُ بِهِ الرِّيحُ [in the CK, ثَوْبُكَ and يَقْعُدُ] Take care of thy garment, that the wind do not become flying away with it. (IAar, L, K. *) ثوبك is here in the acc. case because the verb اِحْفَظْ is understood before it. (L.) b2: قَعَدَتِ آلفَسِيلَةُ (tropical:) The young palm-tree came to have a trunk. (S, A, K.) A3: قَعَدَ He (a man, Az) stood. Thus it bears two contr. significations. (Az, L, K.) 2 قَعَّدْتُكَ اللّٰهَ I beg God to perserve, keep, guard, or watch, thee. See قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ. (Aboo-'Alee, IB, L.) See also 4 in two places, and 5.3 قاعدهُ He sat with him. (L.) [See also an ex. in art. سفه, conj. 3.]4 اقعدهُ, (S, L, K,) and بِهِ ↓ قَعَدَ, (L, K,) He caused him to sit, or sit down; he seated him. (S, L.) b2: أُقْعِدَ (tropical:) He was affected by a disease in his body which deprived him of the power to walk: (Msb:) he was unable to rise: (L:) [as though constrained to remain sitting: see مُقْعَدٌ, and قُعَادٌ.] b3: أَقْعَدَهُ الهَرَمُ (tropical:) [Decrepitude crippled him, or deprived him of the power of motion]. (A.) b4: أُقْعِدَ He (a man) was, or became, lame. (S, L.) b5: إِقْعَادٌ in the hind leg of a horse is Its being much expanded (ان تُفْرَشَ جِدًّا), so that it is not erect. (S, L.) b6: أُقْعِدَ He (a camel) had the disease called قُعَاد. (IKtt, L.) b7: أَقَامَهُ وَأَقْعَدَهُ, and ↓ قَامَ بِهِ وَقَعَدَ, (tropical:) He, or it, caused him to experience griefs which disquieted him so that he could not remain at rest, making him to stand up and sit down. (See 1, and مُقْعِدٌ. And see an ex. in a verse cited in art. فنى, conj. 3.] b8: اقعد البِئْرَ He dug the well to the depth of a man sitting: or he left it upon the surface of the ground, and did not dig it so as to reach water. (L, K.) See also مُقْعَدَةٌ. b9: اقعد (Ibn-Buzurj, L) and ↓ إِقْعَنْدَدَ (K) He remained, stayed, abode, or dwelt, in a place. (Ibn-Buzurj, L, K.) A2: اقعدهُ and ↓ قعّدهُ (inf. n. of the latter تَقْعِيدٌ) He sufficed him (namely his father [but in the CK, instead of أَبَاهُ, we read إِيَّاهُ,]) for gaining, or earning; (K, TA;) and aided, or assisted, him. (TA.) b2: اقعدهُ and ↓ قعّدهُ (inf. n. of the latter تَقْعِيدٌ, K) He served him. (IAar, L, K.) [Ex.]

مَا لِفُلَانٍ امْرَأَةٌ تُقْعِدُهُ, and تُقَعِّدُهُ, [Such a one has no wife to serve him]. (A.) A3: اقعدهُ آبَاؤُهُ, and ↓ تقعّدهُ, (tropical:) His ancestors withheld him from eminence, or nobility; (L;) [as also بِهِ ↓ قَعَدَ, and ↓ اقتعدهُ. You say also,] بِهِ عَنْ نَيْلِ ↓ مَا قَعَدَ المَسَاعِى إِلَّا لُؤْمُ عُنْصُرِهِ, and ↓ ما تقعّدهُ, and ما ↓ اقتعدهُ, (tropical:) [Nothing withheld him from attaining to the means of honour and elevation but the baseness of his origin]. (A.) See also 5. b2: وِرْثُهُ بِالإِقْعَادِ (assumed tropical:) [His inheritance is by reason of nearness of relationship]. You do not say بِالقُعُودِ (L.) b3: إِقْعَادٌ (tropical:) The having few ancestors. (IAar, L.) 5 تقعّدهُ (tropical:) He, or it, withheld, restrained, debarred, or prevented, him from attaining the thing that he wanted. (S, L, K.) Ex. مَا تَقَعَّدَنِى

عَنْكَ إِلَّا شُغْلٌ Nothing but business withheld me from thee. (ISk, S.) See also 4. You say also بِى عَنْكَ شُغْلٌ ↓ قَعَدَ Business withheld me from thee. (TA.) [And so,] ↓ مَا قَعَّدَكَ, and ↓ مَا اقْتَعَدَكَ, what hath withheld, restrained, debarred, or prevented, thee? (L.) b2: تقعّد عَنِ الأَمْرِ, (S, A, L, K,) and ↓ تقاعد, (A,) (tropical:) He did not seek, seek for or after, or desire, the thing. (S, A, L, K.) See also 1. b3: تقعّد signifies He held back, or refrained. (KL.) b4: And also He held back, or restrained. (KL.) b5: تقعّدهُ He performed his affair. (IAar, Th, L, K.) 6 تقاعد بِهِ فُلَانٌ (assumed tropical:) Such a one did not pay him his due. (S, L.) A2: See also 5.8 اقتعد He rode a camel: (L, Msb:) he took, or used, a camel as a قُعْدَة q. v. (L, K.) b2: اقتعد قَعِيدَةً [He took a seat of the kind called قعيدة to sit upon]. (L.) R. Q. 3 إِقْعَنْدَدَ: see 4.

قَعْدَكَ آللّٰهَ and قِعْدَكَ, see قَعِيدَكَ آللّٰهَ throughout.

قَعَدٌ Human dung. (L, K.) A2: See also قَاعِدٌ in two places.

قَعْدَةٌ A single sitting. (S, L, Msb.) Ex. قَعَدَ قَعْدَةً وَاحِدَةً He sat a single sitting. (L.) b2: قَعْدَةُ رَجُلٍ, see قِعْدَةٌ in three places.

A2: And see قَاعِدٌ.

A3: ذُو القَعْدَةِ, and ذُو القِعْدَةِ, A certain month; (S, L, K;) [the eleventh month of the Arabian year;] next after شَوَّال: (L:) so called because the Arabs [when their year was solar] used to abstain (يَقْعُدُونَ) therein from journeys (L, K, * TA) and warring and plundering expeditions and laying in stores of corn and seeking pasturage, before performing the pilgrimage in the next month; (L, TA;) or because in that month they broke in the young camels (القِعْدَان) for riding: (Msb, voce جُمَادَى:) pl. ذَوَاتُ القَعْدَةِ (S, L, Msb, K) and ذَوَاتُ القَعَدَاتِ; (Yoo, Msb;) but the former is the regular pl., (Yoo,) because the two words are considered as one, (Msb,) and it is the more common: (TA:) dual ذَوَاتَا القَعْدَةِ and ذَوَاتَا القَعْدَتَيْنِ. (Msb.) قُعْدَةٌ, (K,) or ↓ قُعَدَةٌ, (L,) An ass: (L, K:) pl. قُعْدَاتٌ, (K,) with the ع quiescent, (TA,) [in the CK, قُعْدَانٌ,] or قُعَدَاتٌ. (L.) A2: [The former,] A horse's, and a camel's saddle: (L, K:) pl. قُعُدَاتٌ, (IDrd, L,) with which is syn. قُعَيْدَاتٌ [the dim.]. (S, L.) b2: See قَعُودٌ.

قِعْدَةٌ A mode, or manner, of sitting. (S, L, Msb, K.) Ex. هُوَ حَسَنُ القِعْدَةِ He has a good manner of sitting: (A, L:) and قَعَدَ قِعْدَةَ الدُّبِّ He sat in the manner of sitting of the bear. (A, * TA.) b2: قِعْدَةُ رَجُلٍ, and رَجُلٍ ↓ قَعْدَةُ, (L, K, *) The space occupied by a man sitting: (L, K:) and the height, or depth, of a man sitting. (L.) Ex. شَجَرَةٌ قِعْدَةُ رَجُلٍ A tree of the height of a man sitting: (AHn, in L and TA, passim:) and بِئْرٌ قِعْدَةٌ A well of the depth of a man sitting: (As:) and عُمْقُ بِئْرِنَا قِعْدَةٌ, and ↓ قَعْدَةٌ, The depth of our well is that of a man sitting: (L:) and مَا حَفَرْتُ فِى الأَرْضِ إِلَّا قِعْدَةً, and ↓ قَعْدَةً, I dug not in the ground save to the depth of a man sitting: (Lh, L:) and مَرَرْتُ بِمَآءٍ قِعْدَةِ رَجُلٍ I passed by water of the depth of a man sitting. (Sb, L.) A2: قِعْدَةٌ One's last child, male or female; and one's last children. (K.) قَعَدَةٌ A vehicle, or beast of carriage, (مَرْكَبٌ,) for women: so in the copies of the K in our hands; (S, M;) but accord. to the L, &c., of a man: and it is ↓ قَعِيدَةٌ that bears the former signification. (TA.) b2: The [kind of carpet called] طَنْفَسَة [q. v.] (L, K) upon which a man sits; and the like. (L.) قُعَدَةٌ see قُعْدَةٌ and قُعْدِىٌّ.

قُعْدَدٌ: see the next paragraph.

قُعْدُدٌ (tropical:) Nearness of relationship. (L.) b2: ذُو قُعْدُدٍ A man nearly related to [the father of] the tribe. (Lh.) [And] قُعْدُدٌ and ↓ قُعْدَدٌ (S, K) and ↓ قُعْدُودٌ and ↓ أَقْعَدُ and النَّسَبِ ↓ قَعِيدُ, (L, K,) (tropical:) A man near in lineage to the chief, or oldest, ancestor [of his family or tribe]; (S, L, K;) contr. of طَرِفٌ and طَرِيفٌ: (S, M, K in art. طرف:) and the first, The next of kin to the chief, or oldest, ancestor [of his family]; (Msb;) and contr., remote in lineage therefrom: (L, K:) [in the former sense, an epithet of praise:] in the latter sense, an epithet of dispraise: or, as some say, of praise: (TA:) or, in the first sense, it is an epithet of praise in one point of view, because dominion, or power, or authority, belong to the elder; and of dispraise in another point of view, because the person so termed is of the sons of the very old, and weakness is attributed to him. (S.) b3: المِيرَاثُ القُعْدُدُ (tropical:) The inheritance of him who is nearest of kin to the deceased. (L.) b4: قُعْدُدٌ (assumed tropical:) A cowardly and ignoble man, who holds back, or abstains, from war and from generous actions; (L, K; *) as also ↓ قُعْدَدٌ. (L.) b5: (assumed tropical:) A man withheld from eminence, or nobility, by his lineage; as also ↓ مُقْعَدٌ. (Az, L.) b6: (assumed tropical:) An obscure man; (L, K;) ignoble; of low rank; as also ↓ قُعْدَدٌ. (Az, L.) قُعْدَى [A nearer degree in lineage to the chief, or oldest, ancestor, than طُرْفَى, q. v.]

قُعْدِىٌّ and قِعْدِىٌّ, and both with ة, and ضُجْعِىٌّ and ضِجْعِىٌّ, (K,) and ضُجَعَةٌ ↓ قُعَدَةٌ, (S, K,) A man (S) who sits much and lies much upon his side: (S, K:) or the last, an impotent man, who does not earn that whereby he may subsist; (A;) [and the first two] (assumed tropical:) A man impotent; or lacking power, or ability; (L, K;) as though preferring sitting: (L:) or loving to sit in his house. (A.) قَعَدِىٌّ (tropical:) A man belonging to the sect called القَعَدُ, (L,) or القَعَدَةُ; (A [see قَاعِدٌ];) who holds the opinions of that sect. (L, K.) b2: Also applied by a post-classical poet to (tropical:) A man who refuses to drink wine while he approves of others' drinking it. (L.) قُعَادٌ Lameness in a man. You say مَتَى أَصَابَكَ هٰذَا القُعَادُ When did this lameness befall thee? (S, L;) [and] بِهِ قُعَادٌ, (L, K,) and ↓ إِقعاد, (K,) and ↓ أَقْعَادٌ, (CK,) (tropical:) He has a disease which constrains him to remain sitting. (L, K.) See أُقْعِدَ, and مُقْعَدٌ. b2: قُعَادٌ also signifies, (S, L, K,) and so ↓ إِقْعَادٌ, (S, L,) or ↓ أَقْعَادٌ, with fet-h, (accord. to the K,) A certain disease which affects camels in their haunches, and makes them to incline (or as though their rumps inclined, IAar) towards the ground: (S, K:) or a laxness of the haunches. (IKtt.) قِعَادٌ: see قَعِيدٌ.

قَعُودٌ A young weaned camel: (L, K:) and a young she-camel; i. q. قَلُوصٌ: (K:) or this latter epithet is applied to a female and the former to a male young camel: (ISh, L, Msb:) so called because he is ridden: (Msb:) and a young male camel, until he enters his-sixth year: (K:) or a young male camel when it may be ridden, which is at the earliest when he is two years old, after which he is thus called until he enters his sixth year, when he is called جَمَلٌ: the young she-camel is not called thus, but is termed قَلُوصٌ: (S, L:) Ks heard the term قَعُودَةٌ applied to the female; but this is rare. (Az, L.) b2: A camel which the pastor rides, or uses, in every case of need; (A'Obeyd, S, L, K;) called in Persian رَخْتْ; (A'Obeyd, S, L;) as also ↓ قَعُودَةٌ, (K,) accord. to Lth, the only authority for it known to Az; but Kh says that this signifies a camel which the pastor uses for carrying his utensils &c., and that the ة is added to give intensiveness to the epithet; (TA;) or the former is masc. and the latter fem.; (Ks, L;) and ↓ قُعْدَةٌ: (S, K:) you say نِعْمَ القُعْدَةُ هٰذَا, i. e. المُقْتَعَدُ, [an excellent camel for the pastor's ordinary riding, or use, is this]: (S, L:) or each of these words signifies a camel which the pastor uses for riding and for carrying his provisions and utensils &c.: and قُعْدَةٌ, a camel which a man rides whenever and wherever he will: (L:) the pl. of قَعُودٌ is أَقْعِدَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.] and قُعُدٌ and قِعْدَانٌ and قَعَائِدُ; (L, K;) and pl. pl. [i. e. pl. of قِعْدَانٌ] قَعَادِينُ. (TA.) The dim of قَعُودٌ is قُعَيِّدٌ. It is said in a proverb, إِتَّخَذُوهُ قُعَيِّدَ الحَاجَاتِ They made him an ordinary servant for the performance of needful affairs. (S, L.) قَعِيدٌ A companion in sitting: (S, AHeyth, L, K:) of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مُفَاعِلٌ. (L.) b2: A preserver; a keeper; a guardian; a watcher. (L, K.) [In some copies of the K, by the omission of وَ, this meaning is assigned to مُقَاعِدٌ.] It is used alike as sing. and pl. and masc. and fem. (L, K) and dual also. (L.) It is said in the Kur, [l. 16,] عَنِ اليَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِمَالِ قَعِيدٌ [On the right and on the left a sitter, or guardian, or watcher]: respecting which it is observed, that فَعِيلٌ and فَعُولٌ are of the measures used alike as sing. and dual and pl.; as in إِنَّا رَسُولُ رَبِّكَ, [Kur xi. 83, accord. to one reading,] and وَالمَلَائِكَةُ بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ ظَهِيرٌ, [Kur lxvi. 4:] (S, L:) or, as the grammarians say, قَعِيدٌ is understood after اليمين. (L.) b3: [Hence,] A father; (A'Obeyd, K;) and ↓ قَعِيدَةٌ A man's wife; (S, L, K; *) as also ↓ قِعَادٌ: (S, L:) and قَعِيدَةُ بَيْتِ رَجُلٍ a man's wife: pl. قَعَائِدُ. (L.) b4: قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ, and اللّٰهَ ↓ قَعْدَكَ, and اللّٰهَ ↓ قِعْدَكَ, (K,) but the last was unknown to AHeyth, (L,) [By thy Watcher, or Keeper, God: قعيد and ↓ قعد being epithets, put in the acc. case because of the prep. بِ understood: or] I conjure thee by God; syn. نَشَدْتُكَ اللّٰهَ: some say, the meaning is, as though God were sitting with thee, watching over thee, or keeping thee: [in some copies of the K, for بِحِفْظِهِ عَلَيْكَ, the reading in the TA, we find يَحْفَظُهُ عَلَيْكَ:] or by thy Companion, who is the Companion of every secret, [namely God] !

قَعِيدَكَ لَا آتِيكَ, and لا اتيك ↓ قِعْدَكَ; and قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ لا اتيك, and اللّٰهَ لا اتيك ↓ قِعْدَكَ; are forms of swearing used by the Arabs, in which قعيد and ↓ قعد are inf. us. put in the acc. case because of a verb understood; [or rather, as it appears to me, and as I have said above, they are epithets, put in the acc. case because of the prep. بِ understood;] and the meaning is, By thy Companion, who is the Companion of every secret, [I will not come to thee; and by thy Companion, &c., or by thy Watcher, or Keeper, God, I will not come to thee;] like as one says نَشَدْتُكَ اللّٰهَ: (S, L:) some say, that قعيد and ↓ قعد signify here a watcher, or an observer, and a preserver, a keeper, or a guardian, that God is meant by them, and that they are in the acc. case because أُقْسِمُ followed by the prep. بِ is understood; [the meaning being I swear by thy Watcher, or Keeper, &c., God, &c.; and this opinion is the more agreeable with the explanation given above, “By thy Companion &c. ”:] others say, that they are inf. ns., and that the meaning is, I swear by thy regard, or fear, of God, بِمُرَاقَبَتِكَ اللّٰهَ: El-Mázinee and others, however, assert that قعيد has no verb. (MF.) b5: Ks says that اللّٰهُ ↓ قِعْدَكَ [اللّٰه being in the nom. case] signifies God be with thee! (L.) [or God be thy Companion, or Watcher, or Keeper!]; and so does قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهُ. (AHeyth, L.) [Or] قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ, (IB, L, K,) and قِعْدَكَ اللّٰهَ, (K,) and قَعْدَكَ اللّٰهَ, (IB, L, TA,) [are] expressions of conciliation, not oaths, as they have not the complement of an oath: the former word in each is an inf. n. occupying the place of a verb, and therefore is put in the acc. case, as in عَمْرَكَ اللّٰهَ, which means عَمَّرْتُكَ اللّٰهَ, i. e., I beg God to prolong thy life: in like manner, قَعَّدْتُكَ اللّٰهَ [in the K, قِعْدَكَ,] signifies, [and so the three first phrases above, of which it is the original form,] I beg God to preserve, keep, guard, or watch, thee; from the saying in the Kur, [l. 16,] عَنِ اليَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ قَعِيدٌ, i. e. حَفِيظٌ. (Aboo-'Alee, IB, L, K. *) قَعِيدَ كُمَا اللّٰهَ is used in interrogative phrases and in phrases conveying an oath, [and so is قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ]. You say, interrogatively, قَعِبدَكُمَا اللّٰهَ أَلَمْ يَكُنْ كَذَا وَكَذَا [I beg God to preserve, keep, guard, or watch, thee. Was it not so and so?]: and in the other case, قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ لَأُكْرِمَنَّكَ [By thy Watcher, or Keeper, God, I will assuredly pay thee honour!] (Th, L.) b6: [and from the signification of ' father ' is derived] the phrase قَعِيدَكَ لَتَفْعَلَنَّ, By thy father, thou shalt assuredly do such a thing. (K, TA.) A2: What comes to thee from behind thee, (S, L, K,) of gazelles or birds (L, K) or wild animals: contr. of نَطيحٌ: (S, L:) of evil omen. (L.) A3: The locust of which the wings are not yet perfectly formed. (S, K.) قَعِيدَةٌ A thing like the [kind of receptacle called] عَيْبَة, (L, K,) woven by women, (L,) upon which one sits: (L, K:) pl. قَعَائِدُ. (L.) b2: See قَعَدَةٌ

A2: A [sack of the kind called] غِرَارَة: (S, K:) or the like thereof, in which are put قَدِيد [or pieces of flesh-meat, q. v.] and كَعْك: (L, K:) pl. قَعَائِدُ. (S, L.) A3: A sand that is not of an oblong form: (S, L, K:) or a long tract of sand like a rope, cleaving to the ground: (L, K:) or a heap of sand collected together. (L.) A4: See also قَعِيدٌ.

قَعَّادَةٌ A [seat, or couch, of the kind called]

سَرِير: of the dial. of El-Yemen. (TA.) قَاعِدٌ [act. part. n. of قَعَدَ] Sitting; sitting down; pl. قُعُودٌ (Msb) and قُعَّادٌ and قَاعِدُونَ: (TA:) fem. قَاعِدَةٌ; pl. قَوَاعِدُ and قَاعِدَاتٌ. (Msb.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A sack full of grain; (IAar, K;) as though by reason of its fulness it were sitting. (IAar.) b3: [And from قَعَدَ in the third meaning,] قَاعِدٌ عَنِ الغَزْوِ (tropical:) A man holding back, or abstaining, from warring and plundering: pl. قُعَّادٌ and قَاعِدُونَ; and quasi-pl. n. قَعَدٌ: (L:) which last is also explained as signifying those who have no دِيوَان [or register in which they are enrolled as soldiers and stipendiaries], (S, A, L, K,) and (as some say, L) who do not go forth to fight. (L, K.) b4: [And hence, the pl.] قَعَدٌ, [which is, properly speaking, a quasi-pl. n.,] like حَارِسٌ and حَرَسٌ, (S,) and خَادِمٌ and خَدَمٌ: (TA:) [The Abstainers, or Separatists:] the قَعَد (so in the S, L, K: in the A, and some copies of the K, ↓ قَعَدَة:) are (tropical:) The [schismatics called] خَوَارِج: (K:) or certain of the خوارج; (S;) a people of the خوارج who held back (قَعَدُوا) from aiding 'Alee, and from fighting against him; (A;) certain of the حَرُورِيَّة; (L;) the [schismatics called] شُرَاة, who hold the doctrine that government belongs only to God, but do not war; (IAar, L;) who hold the doctrine that government belongs only to God, but do not go forth to war against a people. (L.) b5: [And the sing.,] قَاعِدٌ (tropical:) A woman who has ceased to bear children, (S, K,) and to have the menstrual discharge, (ISk, S, K,) and to have a husband: (Zj, K:) or an old woman, advanced in years: (IAth:) pl. قَوَاعِدُ: (ISk, S:) when you mean “ sitting,” you say قَاعِدَةٌ. (ISk, IAth.) b6: نَخْلَةٌ قَاعِدَةٌ (tropical:) A palm-tree bearing fruit one year and not another: (A, TA:) or, that has not borne fruit in its year. (IKtt.) b7: Also, قَاعِدٌ, A palm-tree: or a young palm-tree: pl. [or rather quasi-pl. n.] قَعَدٌ, like as خَدَمٌ is of خَادِمٌ. (L.) b8: قَاعِدٌ (tropical:) A young palm-tree having a trunk: (A, K:) or, [of] which [the branches] may be reached by the hand. (S, K.) Ex. فِى

أَرْضِهِمْ كَذَا مِنَ القَاعِدِ In their land are so many young palm-trees having trunks. (A.) Thus it is used us a gen. n. (TA.) A2: رَحًى قَاعِدَةٌ A mill which one turns by the handle with the hand. (L.) A3: حَلَبْتَ قَاعِدًا: see art. حلب.

قَاعِدَةٌ A foundation, or basis, of a house: (Msb:) pl. قَوَاعِدُ: (S, Msb:) which signifies, accord. to Zj, the columns, or poles, (أَسَاطِين) of a structure, which support it. (L.) [Hence,] قَاعِدَتَا البَابِ [The two side-posts of the door]. (K, in art. سوم.) b2: بَنَى أَمْرَهُ عَلَى قَاعِدَةٍ, and على قَوَاعِدَ, (tropical:) [He built his affair upon a firm foundation, and, upon firm foundations]. and قَاعِدَةُ أَمْرِكَ وَاهِيَةٌ (tropical:) [The foundation of thine affair is unsound]. (A.) b3: قَوَاعِدُ السَّحَابِ (tropical:) The lower parts of clouds extending across the view in the horizon, likened to the foundations of a building: (A'Obeyd, L:) or clouds extending across the view, and lying low. (IAth, L.) b4: [Hence]

قَوَاعِدُ الهَوْدَجِ The four pieces of wood, (S, K,) placed transversely, [two across the other two, so as to form a square frame,] beneath the هودج (S, K,) which is fixed upon them. (K.) [See 1 in art. فشل.]

A2: As a conventional term, i. q. ضَابِطٌ, i. e. (assumed tropical:) A universal, or general, rule, or canon. (Msb.) [See ضَابِط.]

أَقْعَدُ A camel having a laxness and depression in the shank. See قَعَدٌ. (TA.) But see أَصْدَفَ

A2: فُلَانٌ أَقْعَدُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) Such a one is more nearly related to his chief, or oldest, ancestor than such a one. (IAar, IAth, L.) See also قُعْدُدٌ.

مَقْعَدٌ A place of sitting; a sitting-place; (L, Msb, K;) as also ↓ مَقْعَدَةٌ: (L, K:) pl. of the former مَقَاعِدُ, (Msb,) signifying sittingplaces of people in the markets &c. (S.) هُوَ مِنِّى مَقْعَدَ القَابِلَةِ [He is, with respect to me, as though in the sitting-place of the midwife;] i. e., in nearness; meaning he is sticking close to me, before me: (Sb, S:) denoting nearness of station. (Sb, L.) See also مَعْقِدٌ. b2: [Hence, (tropical:) a place of abode,] تَرَكُوا مَقَاعِدَهُمْ, (tropical:) They left their places of abode. (A.) b3: A time of sitting. (MF.) b4: ↓ المَقْعَدَةُ The anus [as is shown in the S and Msb, voce بَاسُور &c., and so in modern Arabic; and app. also the posteriors, upon which one sits]: syn. السَّافلَةُ. (S, Msb.) مُقْعَدٌ (tropical:) Having a disease which constrains him to remain sitting: (K:) or crippled, or deprived of the power of motion, by a disease in his body; (Mgh, L;) as though the disease constrained him to remain sitting: (Mgh:) or deprived of the power to stand, by protracted disease; as though constrained to remain sitting: (L:) or affected by a disease in his body depriving him of the power to walk: (Msb:) a lame man (S, L:) also, i. q. زَمِنٌ: (Msb:) accord. to the physicians, مُقْعَدٌ and زَمِنٌ are syn.; [see the second explanation above, which is that here indicated;] but some make a distinction, and say that the former signifies having the limbs contracted, and the latter, having a protracted disease; (Mgh;) [which is app. one of the two significations assigned to the former word in the Msb:] accord. to some, it is from قُعَادٌ signifying a disease which affects camels in their haunches: (L:) [and]

مُقْعَدٌ [is applied to] a camel having this disease. (L.) b2: مُقْعَدُ النَّسَبِ, and مقعد الأَسْبَابِ, (assumed tropical:) A man of short lineage. (L.) b3: مُقْعَدُ الحَسَبِ (assumed tropical:) A man without eminence, or nobility. (L.) See also قُعْدُدٌ.

A2: مُقْعَدُ الأَنْفِ (tropical:) A man having wide nostrils: (K:) or having wide and short nostrils. (A, L.) ثَدْىٌ مُقْعَدٌ (tropical:) A breast that is swelling, prominent, or protuberant, (S, A, L, K,) that fills the hand, (A,) and has not yet become folding. (S, L, K.) A3: بِئْرٌ مُقْعَدَةٌ A well that is partly dug, and then left before the water has come into it; (K;) i. q. مُسْهَبَةٌ. (TA.) A4: مُقْعَدَاتٌ (tropical:) Young birds of the kind called قَطًا, before they rise (L, K) to fly. (L.) b2: (tropical:) Frogs. (A, L, K.) أَخَذَهُ المُقِيمُ المُقْعِدُ (tropical:) (A) Griefs took hold upon him, disquieting him so that he could not remain at rest, and making him to stand up and sit down: a phrase similar to أَخَذَهُ مَا قَدُمَ وَمَا حَدُثَ, and مَا قَرُبَ وَمَا بَعُدَ. (Mgh, art. قدم.) A2: مُقْعِدٌ and ↓ مُقَعِّدٌ A servant. (IAar, L.) مَقْعَدَهٌ and المَقْعَدَةُ: see مَقْعَدُ.

مُقْعَدَةُ and مُقْعَدَاتٌ: see مُقْعَدٌ.

مُقَعِّدٌ: see مُقْعِدٌ.

قوم

1 قَامَ He stood still (Ksh and Bd in ii. 19) in his place. (Ksh.) b2: قَامَتِ الدَّابَّةُ The beast stopped (S, K, TA) from journeying, (TA,) from fatigue, or being jaded; (S, TA;) i. q. انقطعت. (A.) And قَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ الدَّابَّةُ His beast, being jaded, stopped with him, and moved not from its place. (Mgh.) b3: قَامَ He, or it, stood up, or erect; syn. اِنْتَصَبَ. (K.) and hence, He rose, i. e. from sitting or reclining. b4: قَامَ بِاللَّيْلِ He rose in the night to pray. b5: قَامَ رَمَضَانَ He passed the nights of Ramadán in prayer: (El-'Alkarnee in a marginal note in a copy of the Jámi' es-Sagheer, voce مَنْ:) or he performed the prayers [of Ramadán] called التَّرَاوِيح. (En-Nawawee, ibid.) b6: قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ The people rose to prayer: or the time of their doing so came. (TA.) b7: قَامَتِ السَّاعَةُ The resurrection, or the time thereof, came to pass. b8: قَامَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَكَادَ الظِّلُّ يَعْقِلُ [The sun became high, and the shade almost disappeared, at midday]. (JK.) b9: قَامَ عَلَيْهِ He rose up against him: see a verse cited voce حُوبٌ. b10: قَامَ بِالأَمْرِ He undertook the affair; took, or imposed, it upon himself; syn. تَكَفَّلَ بِهِ; and the epithet is قَائِمٌ and قَيِّمٌ: (Ham, p. 5:) [and] he managed, conducted, ordered, regulated, or superintended, the affair; syn. سَاسَهُ; (TA in art. سوس;) and قام عَلَيْهِ has this latter signification; and he tended, or took care of, it, or him; syn. سَاسَهُ and وَلِيَهُ: (Ham ubi supra:) [and] the former signifies he attended to the affair; [occupied himself with it]; (this should be the first explanation;) was mindful of it; kept to it constantly, or steadily; and is contr. of قَعَدَ عَنْهُ and تَقَاعَدَ: (JM, q. v.:) [or,] as contr. of قعد عنه and تقاعد, he acted vigorously in the affair; as also ↓ أَقَامَهُ; syn. جَدَّ فِيهِ, and تَجَلَّدَ. (Bd in ii. 2.) b11: You say, قَامَ بِشَأْنِهِ He undertook, or superintended, or managed, his affair, or affairs. And you say, قَامَ بِاليَتِيمِ, (Msb in art. عول,) and بِالصَّبِىِّ, (Idem, art. كفل,) He maintained the orphan, and the child; syn. عَالَهُ, and كَفَلَهُ: (Idem:) and قَامَ المَرْأَةَ, and عَلَيْهَا, He undertook the maintenance of the woman; or he maintained her; (مَانَهَا [i. e. قَامَ بِكِفَايَتِهَا (S and K in art. مون)];) and undertook, or managed, her affair, or affairs. (K.) and الرِّجَالُ يَقُومُونَ عَلَى النِّسَآءِ The men govern the women: (Bd, iv. 38:) or are mindful of them, and act well to them, or take care of them. (TA.) b12: قامَ بِعُذْرِى [He undertook, and it served, to excuse me]. (Msb and TA in art. عذر; &c.) b13: قَامَ بِهِ He, or it, was supported, or sustained, by it; subsisted by it: see the explanation of قَِوَامٌ in the Msb. b14: قَامَ عَلَيْهِ كَذَا It cost him such a thing, such a sum, or so much. b15: قَامَ often signifies ثَبَتَ: so in قَامَ فِى نَفْسِهِ أَنَّهُ كَذَا It was, or became, established in his mind that it was so. b16: قَامَ بِهِ قِيَامًا تَامًّا He managed it perfectly. b17: قَامَ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا He began to do such a thing; he betook himself to doing such a thing. (Zj, in TA, art. قدم.) b18: قَامَ المَآءُ (assumed tropical:) The water congealed, or froze; syn. جَمَدَ. (S, M, voce جَمَدَ.) b19: قَامَتْ عَيْنُهُ: see عَيْنٌ قَائِمَةٌ. b20: قَامَ قَائِمُ الظَّهِيرَةِ: see ظَهِيرَة: there expl. from JK. b21: قَامَ وَقَعَدَ: see قَعَدَ; and أَقْعَدَهُ; and see an ex. voce سُدَّةٌ. b22: قَامَ has also for an inf. n. مَقَامٌ, agreeably with a general rule: see Bd in x. 72, &c.; and see مَرَامٌ in art. روم.2 قَوَّمَهُ He made it straight, or even; namely, a crooked thing; as also ↓ أَقَامَهُ: (TK:) and made it right, or in a right condition; direct, or rightly directed. b2: قَوَّمَهُ بِكَذَا He valued it, or rated it, as equal to, or worth, such a thing. A phrase well known, and used in the present day. b3: قَوَّمَهُ He set its price; assigned it its price; valued it; (S, * Msb, K;) as also ↓ اِسْتَقَامَهُ. (Msb, K.) b4: ↓ قَوَّمْتُهُ فَتَقَوَّمَ i. q. عَدَّلْتُهُ فَتَعَدَّلَ. (Msb.) b5: قَوَّمَ He made a writing, and an account, or a reckoning, accurate, or exact, or right.3 قَاوَمَهُ [He rose against him, and withstood him, or opposed him, in contention;] namely, his adversary. (Mgh in art. نهض.) b2: It was equal, or equivalent, to it. (Msb.) b3: قَاوَمَهُ فِى الحَرْبِ He opposed him, or contended with him for equality, in war, or battle. (MA.) b4: قَاوَمَهُ فِى حَاجَةٍ He rose, or stood, with him [or assisted him] to accomplish some needful affair. (IAth, TA.) b5: قَاوَمَهُ It was equal, or equivalent, to it: see Msb: syn. عَادَلَهُ, q. v. (TA in art. بوأ.) b6: يُقَاوِمُ السُّمُوم [It counteracts poisons]. (TA, art. بلس.) 4 أَقَامَ He set up, put up, set upright, a thing. (Msb.) b2: أَقَامَهُ, said of food, [It sustained him, supported him]. (Msb.) b3: أَقَامَ عَلَى خَطَرٍ He stood to a bet, wager, or stake. (TA, voce نَدِبٌ.) b4: أَقَامَ عَلَيْهِ الحَّدَ He inflicted upon him the punishment termed حَدٌّ. (Mgh, art. حد.) b5: أَقَامَ دَرْأَهُ: see درأ. b6: أَقَامَ لِلصَّلَاةِ, inf. n. إِقَامَةٌ, He (the مُبَلِّغ) recited the form of words called إِقَامَة, q. v. infra. b7: أَقَامَ He remained, continued, stayed, tarried, resided, dwelt, or abode, in a place: he remained stationary. b8: أَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ, He observed prayer: or أَدَامَ فِعْلَهَا. (S, Msb.) See also Bd, and Jel ii. 2. b9: أَقَامَ فِعْلًا He performed an action. b10: See 1. b11: أَقَامَهُ عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ He made him to keep to the road: and للقَصْدِ, to the right way. (L, art. لغد.) b12: See 10. b13: أَقَاَمَ الأَمْرَ He put the affair into a right state; like نَظَمَهُ: see the latter in the Msb. b14: أَقَامَهُ (K in art. عدل) He made it to be conformable with that which is right; namely, a judgment, a judicial decision. (TK in that art.) b15: See 2. b16: أَقَامَ بِهِ in the Hamáseh, p. 75, 1. 9, app. signifies He stood in his stead. b17: أَقَامَ He observed, or duly performed, a religious, or moral, ordinance or duty. b18: أَقَامَ البَيِّنَةَ [He established the evidence or proof; and so اقام بِهَا? the ب being redundant]. (Bd, iii. 68.) And [in like manner,] اقام حُجَّتَهُ i. q.

أَثْبَتَهَا; (TA in art. ثبت;) and so, app., بِحُجَّتِهِ; the ب being redundant, as in an ex. voce خُطَّةٌ; but this is the only ex. that I know, and it is without explanation: Golius mentions the phrase أَقَامَ بِى عَلَيْكُمْ; but without indicating his authority. b19: أَقَامَ عَلَى حَالٍ He abode, or continued, in a state, or condition; and اقام على أَمْرٍ the same; and he abode, continued, stayed, or waited, intent upon, or occupied in, an affair, a business, or a concern; he kept to it.5 تَقَوَّمَ It subsisted: see رُكْنٌ. b2: تَقَوَّمَ It had a price; was valued. b3: See 2.6 تَقَاوَمُوهُ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ They valued it, or estimated its price, among them. (TA.) 10 اِسْتَقَامَ It became right; direct; in a right state; straight: even: tended towards the right, or desired, point, or object; had a right direction, or tendency; was regular. b2: اِسْتَقَامَ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الحَقِّ (K, art. رشد) He continued in the way of truth, or the right way; as also أَقَامَ ↓ عَلَيْهِ b4: لَمْ يَسْتَقِمِ الأَمْرُ The affair was, or became, difficult: see تَعَذَّرَ. b5: استقام لَهُ الأَمْرُ The affair, or case, became in a right state for him; syn. اِعْتَدَلَ. (S.) b6: اِسْتَقَامَ He, or it, was, or became, right, direct, rightly directed, undeviating, straight, or even: and he, or it, stood right, or straight, or erect. (MA, KL.) He went right on, straight on, or undeviatingly: (see زَعَبَ:) whence اِسْتَقَامَ عَلَى الطَّرِيقَةِ he went on undeviatingly in the way. (See Kur lxxii. 16.) He went right; pursued a right course; acted rightly, or justly. See also سَدَّ, with which it is syn. It (an affair) was direct in its tendency, or had a right tendency. It (discourse, &c.) had a right tenour. b7: See 2.

قَوْمٌ [A people, or body of persons composing a community: and people, or persons:] a company, or body, [or party, (see what follows,)] of men, [properly] without women: (S, Msb, K, &c.:) or of men and women together; (K;) for the قوم of every man is his party, and his kinsfolk, or tribe: (TA:) or (K) sometimes including women, as followers; (S, Msb, K;) for the قوم of every prophet is of men and women. (S, Msb.) b2: قَوْمٌ opposed to نِسَآءٌ: see a verse cited voce سَوْفَ.

قَامَةٌ The stature of a man; his height in a standing posture; it is a span (شِبْر) shorter than a باع: (JK:) tallness, height; and beauty, or justness, of stature. (K.) b2: قَامَةٌ A structure [or post] like the figure of a man, raised at the side of a well, whereon is placed the wood to which the pulley is attached: pl. قَامٌ: (JK:) also called ↓ قَائِمَةٌ: see K, voce عَمُود: or قَامَةُ البَكْرَةٌ signifies the sheave (بَكْرَة) with its apparatus. (S, K.) دِينٌ قِيَمٌ A right religion. (Kur, vi. 162.) See دِرَّةٌ.

الرِّيَاحُ القُوَّمُ The right [or cardinal] winds. (S, voce نَكْبَاءُ.) الدِّينُ القَيِّمُ (Kur ix. 36) The right, correct, or true, reckoning. (T in art. دين.) b2: قَيِّمُ الأَمْرِ i. q. ↓ مُقِيمُهُ and سَائِسُهُ: fem. قَيِّمَةٌ. (TA.) b3: قَيِّمٌ بِالأَمْرِ A manager of an affair; i. q. إِزَاؤُهُ. (S, Msb, art. ازى.) See قَامَ بِالأَمْرِ. b4: قَيِّمٌ A manager, conductor, orderer, regulator, or superintendent, of an affair: (TA:) a manager, conductor, &c., of the affairs of a people. (JK.) قَيِّمٌ عَلَى المَالِ A good [manager and] tender of camels, &c. (TA in art. بلو.) قِيمَةٌ The real value, or worth, of a thing; its equivalent; differing from ثَمَنٌ, q. v. (MF in art. ثمن.) قَوَامٌ Stature, and goodly stature, or tallness, of a man: (S:) symmetry, or justness of proportion. (Msb.) b2: قِوَامُ الأَمْرِ and قِيَامُهُ and قَوَامُهُ The stay, or support, of the thing, or affair, whereby it subsists, and is managed and ordered. (Msb.) And قِوَامٌ The food that is a man's support; (Msb;) [his subsistence.] b3: قِوَامٌ [The main stay of a thing.] b4: لَا قِوَامَ لَهُ بِهِ [He has not power to withstand him. (K, art. نجز.) قِوَامٌ Subsistence: see رُكْنٌ and طَبَعٌ.

قِيَامٌ [A state of purging, or flux of the belly: used in this sense in the S, K, voce هَيْضَةٌ].

قَوِيمٌ : see صَوِيبٌ.

القَيُّومُ : see يَا قَيُّومُ in the last paragraph of art. شره, where I have rendered it on the authority of an explanation in the TA.

قَوَّامٌ One who rises much, or often, in the night to pray. (TA.) See صَوَّامٌ.

قُومِيَّةٌ is written with damm in copies of the S, K, JK: in the CK, erroneously, قَوْمِيَّةٌ, in both senses. See voce مُتَشَمِّسٌ.

قَائِمٌ Appearing; conspicuous; [as though standing before one]: said of a thing whether standing or thrown down. (TA, in explanation of the phrase هٰذَا نُصْبُ عَيْنِى, art. نصب.) b2: قَائِمَةٌ, pl. قَوَائِمُ, Leg of a horse, &c. b3: عَيْنٌ قَائِمَةٌ An eye [blind, or white and blind, but still whole or] that has become white and blind, but not yet burst, (Az in L, art. سد,) or sightless, but with the black still remaining. (Mgh, Msb.) b4: قَائِمٌ and قَائِمَةٌ The hilt of a sword. (Msb.) b5: قَائِمَةٌ A leg of a table, and of a throne, or moveable seat, &c. (JK.) See also قَامَةٌ; and see إِسْنَادٌ. b6: قَوَمَةُ بَيْتِ النَّارِ (K, art. هربذ.) The servants of the fire-temple. (TA, same art.) b7: القَوَائِمُ The winds. So in a verse of Umeiyeh Ibn-Abi-s-Salt. (TA, voce سَدِرٌ.) b8: قَوَائِمُ المَائِدَةِ [The legs of the table]. (K, art. عقر.) b9: قَطٌّ قَائِمٌ A nibbing in which the pith and the exterior of the reed are made of equal length: opposed to مُصَوَّبٌ. (TA in art. حرف.) b10: مَآءٌ قَائِمٌ Frozen water. And stagnant water: see حِبَاك.

إِقَامَةٌ The form of words chanted by the مُبَلِّغ, not by the مُؤَذِّن, consisting of the common words of the أَذَان, with the addition of قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ (The time of prayer has come!) pronounced twice after حَىَّ عَلَى الفَلَاحِ. See ثَوَّبَ.

مَقَامٌ The place of the feet; (K;) a standingplace; (S, Msb;) as also ↓ مُقَامٌ: (S:) or the latter, a place of stationing: (Msb:) and both, a place of continuance, stay, residence, or abode: (K:) [a standing:] and the latter, a place of long continuance, stay, residence, or abode: (Expos. of the Mo'allakát, Calc., p. 138:) and both, continuance, stay, residence, or abode. (S, K.) مُقَامٌ : see مَقَامٌ.

مُقِيمٌ Lasting; continuing: (Bd, ix. 21:) unceasing. (Bd, ix. 69.) b2: أَخَذَهُ المُقِيمُ المُقْعِدُ: see art. قعد. b3: See قَيِّمٌ.

مَقَامَةٌ A standing-place. Hence, (assumed tropical:) A sittingplace. Hence, (assumed tropical:) The persons sitting there. Hence, (assumed tropical:) An oration, or a discourse, or an exhortation, (خُطْبَة او عِظَة,) or the like, there delivered; as also مَجْلِسٌ. (Mtr, in De Sacy's ed. of El-Hareeree, p. 5.) حَجَرٌ مُتَقَوِّمٌ (K, art. موس) A precious stone. (TA, same art.) المِعَى المُسْتَقِيمُ The rectum.

تَقْوِيمَاتٌ [pl. of تَقْوِيمٌ] Stellar calculations. (TA, voce اِيجٌ.)

ركز

1 رَكَزَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K) and رَكِزَ, (K,) inf. n. رَكْزٌ, (S, A, Msb,) He stuck, or fixed, a spear, (S, A, Msb, K,) and a stick, (A,) or some other thing, (TA,) into the ground, (S, A, Msb, K,) upright; (TA;) as also ↓ ركّز, (K,) inf. n. تَرْكِيزٌ. (TA.) You say also, رَكَزَ الحَرُّ السَّفَى, aor. ـُ inf. n. رَكْزٌ, The heat made the thornbushes fast in the ground [by hardening the soil]. (TA.) And رَكَزَ اللّٰهُ المعَادِنَ فِى الجِبَالِ God fixed the metals, or minerals, in the mountains: (A, TA:) or caused them to exist therein. (K, * TA.) And رَكَزَ المَالَ, inf. n. as above, He buried the property. (TA.) 2 رَكَّزَ see the preceding paragraph.4 اركز He (a man) found what is termed رِكَاز: (S, A, * K:) or his mine yielded him abundance of silver &c.: (TA:) or he found a [quantity of gold or silver equal to a sum of money such as is termed] بَدْرَة, collected together, in the mine. (Es-Sháfi'ee, TA.) b2: It (a mine) had in it what is termed رِكَاز: (K:) or what is so termed was found in it. (IAar, TA.) 8 ارتكز It (a spear) became stuck, or fixed, in the ground. (Msb.) b2: (tropical:) He became fixed (K, * TA) in his place of abode. (TA.) You say, دَخَلَ فُلَانٌ فَارْتَكَزَ فِى مَحَلِّهِ لَا يَبْرَحُ (tropical:) [Such a one entered, and remained fixed in his place of abode, not quitting it]. (A, TA.) b3: ارتكز عَلَى القَوْسِ (tropical:) He put the extremity of the bow upon the ground and leaned upon it. (S, A, * TA.) and ارتكز على رُمْحِهِ (assumed tropical:) He bore (تَحَامَلَ) upon the head of his spear, leaning upon it, in order that he might die. (Mgh, from a trad.) رِكْزٌ A sound: (Fr, TA:) or a low sound; (S, A, K;) i. q. حِسٌّ: (K:) or a sound that is not vehement: or the sound, or voice, of a man, which one hears from afar; such as that of the hunter talking to his dogs. (TA.) So in the Kur [xix. last verse], أَوْتَسْمَعُ لَهُمْ رِكْزًا [Or dost thou hear a sound of them? &c.]. (S, TA.) [See فَهَرَ.]

b2: [Golius assigns to it also the signification of Beauty (pulchritudo); app. from his having found, in a copy of the K, وَالحُسْنُ in the place of والحِسُّ.]

A2: Also An intelligent, forbearing, liberal or munificent, man: (AA:) or a learned, intelligent, liberal or munificent, generous, man. (K.) رِكْزَةٌ: see رَِكَازٌ. b2: (tropical:) Firmness of understanding; (Fr, K;) strength thereof. (A, TA.) Fr says, I heard one of the Benoo-Asad say, كَلَّمْتُ فُلَانًا فَمَا رَأَيْتُ لَهُ رِكْزَةً(tropical:) I spoke to such a one, and I found him not to have firmness of understanding. (TA.) رِكَازٌ Metal, or other mineral; (A, Mgh, TA;) what God has caused to exist (رَكَزَهُ, i. e. أَحْدَثَهُ,) in the mines; (K;) meaning تِبْر that is created in the earth; (TA;) as also ↓ رَكِيزَةٌ: (K:) the former is pl. of ↓ رِكْزَةٌ: (K:) or it is pl. of ↓ رَكِيزَةٌ: (Ahmad Ibn-Khálid, TA:) and pieces (K, TA) of large size, like [stones such as are called]

جَلَامِيد, (TA,) of silver and of gold, (K, TA,) that are extracted from the earth, (TA,) or from the mine: (K, TA:) accord. to the people of El-'Irák, any metals or other minerals: (TA:) or [so in the A and Mgh, and accord. to the TA, but in the K “ and,”] buried treasure (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) of the people of the Time of Ignorance: (S, Msb, K:) the first of the significations given above is the primary one: and ancient wealth [buried in the earth] is likened to metals or minerals: or, accord. to certain of the people of El-Hijáz, it signifies specially property buried by men before the period of El-Islám; and not metals or other minerals. (TA.) It is said in a trad., that the fifth part of what is termed رِكَازٌ is for the government-treasury: (S, * TA:) or, accord. to another relation, of what is termed ↓ رَكِيزٌ: as though it [the latter] were pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] of ↓ رَكِيزَةٌ, or [the former] of ↓ رِكَازَةٌ. (TA.) رَكِيزٌ: see رِكَازٌ, last sentence.

رِكَازَةٌ: see رِكَازٌ, last sentence.

رَكِيزَةٌ: see رِكَازٌ, in three places: A2: see also مَرْكَزٌ.

رَاكِزٌ A thing that is firm, or fixed. (Mgh.) [Hence,] one says, عِزُّهُمْ رَاكِزٌ (tropical:) Their might, or glory, is firmly established. (A, TA.) مَرْكَزٌ A place where a spear or other thing is stuck, or fixed, into the ground, upright: (TA:) a place of firmness, or fixedness. (Msb.) b2: (tropical:) The place of a man; his place of alighting or abiding. (S, K.) b3: (tropical:) The station of an army, or of a body of troops or soldiers, to which its occupants are commanded to keep. (K, TA.) You say, هٰذَا مَرْكَزُ الخَيْلِ (tropical:) [This is the fixed station of the cavalry]. (A.) Pl. مَرَاكِزُ. (A.) b4: The centre of a circle. (S, K.) b5: ↓ رَكِيزَةٌ signifies the same as مَرْكَزٌ [but in what sense I do not find pointed out]. (TA.) إِنَّهُ مَرْكُوزٌ فِى العُقُولِ (tropical:) [Verily it is firmly fixed in the minds, or understandings]. (A, TA.)

رهم

1 رُهِمَتِ الأَرْضُ The land was rained upon [with such rain as is termed رِهْمَة]. (Z, TA.) 4 ارهمت السَّمَآءُ, (JK, K,) or السَّحَابَةُ, (S,) The sky, or the cloud, shed the sort of rain, or rains, termed رِهْمة, or رِهَام. (JK, S, K.) رِهْمَةٌ A drizzling and lasting rain; i. e. a lasting, or continuous, rain, consisting of small drops: (JK:) or weak and lasting rain, (S, K,) said by Az to be such as falls with more force, and passes away more quickly, than that which is termed دِيمَةٌ: (S:) pl. رِهَمٌ and رِهَامٌ: (JK, S, K:) El-Ámidee seems to have held that رِهَامٌ is pl. of رَهَمَةٌ; for he likens these two words to إِكَامٌ and أَكَمَةٌ; but this is at variance with what is held by the leading lexicologists. (TA.) [See an ex. of the pl. رِهَامٌ in a verse of Lebeed cited in the first paragraph of art. رزق.]

أَرْضٌ رَهْمَآءُ Land upon which rains such as are termed رِهَام have fallen: (Ham p. 99:) and ↓ رَوْضَةٌ مَرْهُومَةٌ, [from رُهِمَت, Meadows] watered by the rain termed رِهْمَةٌ: (JK, S, K:) one should not say مُرْهَمَةٌ. (K.) رَهْمَانُ: see رَهُومٌ.

رَهَمَانٌ, in the going of camels, A bearing, and leaning, on one side, or sideways. (JK, * K. [In the former, it is implied that the word is رَهْمَان, which is at variance with an express statement in the K.]) رَهَامٌ (assumed tropical:) A sheep, or goat, [شَاةٌ,] lean, or ema ciated; (JK, K; [in the former written رُهَام, but said in the latter to be like سَحَابٌ;]) and so ↓ رَهُومٌ: (TA:) [i. e.] you say also شَاةٌ رَهُومٌ, (JK, K, TA,) meaning (assumed tropical:) a sheep, or goat, lean, or emaciated: (TA:) from [رَهُومٌ, or perhaps رَهَامٌ, or both, as meaning] clouds (سَحَابٌ) that have discharged their water. (JK.) رُهَامٌ, applied to a bird, That does not prey: (K:) or the bird called غُرْنُوق. (JK.) A2: Also A large number. (JK, K.) رَهُومٌ: see رَهَامٌ. b2: Also (assumed tropical:) A man weak in seek ing, or searching, [to find what is best to be done;] who follows mere opinion; as also ↓ رَهْمَانُ. (JK, K.) أَرْهَمُ More [and most] fruitful, or plentiful, or abundant in herbage or in the goods or conveniences or comforts of life: [as though meaning more, and most, watered by rain such as is termed رِهْمَة:] so in the saying, نَزَلْنَا بِفُلَانٍ فَكُنَّا فِى أَرْهَمِ جَانِبَيْهِ [We alighted at the dwelling of such a one, and we were in the more fruitful, &c., of the two sides of his place of abode; meaning, and we were entertained by him in the best, or most bountiful, manner]. (S.) مَرْهَمٌ [A place upon which has fallen rain such as is termed رِهْمَةٌ: pl. مَرَاهِمُ: see an ex. in what follows. b2: Also] A certain application for wounds; (S;) a soft plaster or dressing, (K, TA,) the softest of medicaments, (TA,) [i. e. an unguent, or the like,] with which a wound is plastered, dressed, overspread, or anointed: (K, TA:) [pl. as above:] it is an arabicized word [from the Pers\. مَرْهَمْ]: (S:) or derived from الرِّهْمَةُ, [as some say,] because of its softness. (K.) You say, مَرَاهِمُ الغَوَادِى مَرَاهِمُ البَوَادِى [The places watered by the drizzling and lasting rains of the early morning-clouds are the soft plasters, or unguents, of the deserts]. (A, TA.) رَوْضَةٌ مَرْهُومَةٌ: see أَرْضٌ رَهْمَآءُ, above.