خوف
1 خَافَ, (
S,
Msb,
K, &c.,) originally خَوِفَ, (
Lth,
L, &c.,) first
Pers\. خِفْتُ, (
TA,)
aor. ـَ (
S,
K, &c.,) originally يَخْوَفُ, (
L,)
imperative خَفْ, (
S,)
inf. n. خَوْفٌ (
S,
Msb,
K, &c.) and ↓ خِيفٌ, [originally خِوْفٌ,] (
Lh,
TA,) erroneously written in the
K with fet-h [to the خ], but some say that this is a simple
subst., not an
inf. n., (
TA,) and ↓ خِيفَةٌ, (
Lh,
S,
Msb,
K, &c.,) originally خِوْفَةٌ, (
K,) but some say that this also is a simple
subst., not an
inf. n., (
TA,) and [therefore] its
pl. is خِيفٌ, (
Lh,
JK,
S, and so in the
CK,) in [some of] the copies of the
K erroneously written خِيَفٌ, (
TA,) or this [as well as the next preceding] may be an
inf. n., for some few
inf. ns. have pls., (
ISd,
TA,) and مَخَافَةٌ, (
S,
Msb,
K, &c.,) originally مَخْوَفَةٌ, for which last, the first of these
inf. ns. is used by a poet, and therefore made
fem., (
TA,) He feared; he was afraid or frightened or terrified;
syn. فَزِعَ. (
K.) It is also
trans.: (
Msb:) you say, خَافَهُ and ↓ تخوّفهُ [He feared, or was afraid of, him, or it]; (
Msb,
TA;) both signifying the same: (
TA:) [and so خَافَ مِنْهُ; or this may mean he feared what might happen to him from him, or it:] and عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا ↓ تخوّف, meaning خَافَهُ [i. e. خَافَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا He feared for him a thing]: (
S,
K:) and خَاَفَهُ عَلَى مَالِهِ and عَلَيْهِ ↓ تخوّفهُ [He feared him, or it, for his property]. (
Mgh.)
b2: [Hence,] it is also used in the sense of ظَنَّ [He thought, or opined]: and in this case, the Arabs sometimes use it in the same manner as a verb signifying an oath, and give it the same kind of complement; as in an
ex. cited
voce دَرِدَ [
q. v.]. (
S in art. درد.) And He knew. (
Lh,
Kr,
K.) Hence, وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا [And if a woman know that there is, on the part of her husband, injurious treatment, or unkindness, or estrangement], (
K,) in the
Kur [iv. 127]. (
TA.) And hence also, فَمَنْ خَافَ مِنْ مُوصٍ جَنَفًا [And he who knoweth that there is, on the part of the testator, an inclining to a wrong course, or a declining from the right course, &c.], (
K,) in the
Kur [ii. 178]; thus explained by
Lh. (
TA.)
A2: خَافَهُ, (
S,) first
Pers\. خُفْتُهُ, (
K,)
aor. ـُ (
S,) He exceeded him in fear. (
S,
K. *) You say, فَخَافَهُ ↓ خَاوَفَهُ, (
S,)
inf. n. of the former مُخَاوَفَهُ, (
TA,) i. e. [He vied with him to see which of them would exceed the other in fear, and] he exceeded him in fear. (
S.) 2 خوّفهُ, (
Msb,
K,)
inf. n. تَخْوِيفٌ, (
TA,)
i. q. أَخَافَهُ. (
Msb,
K.) See the latter, in two places. He put fear into him. (
JK,
TA.) خَوِّفْنَا [
app. addressed to God] is mentioned by
Lh as meaning Render the
Kur-án and the Traditions beautiful to us in order that we may [give heed thereto and] fear. (
TA.)
b2: He made him to be in such a state, or condition, that men feared him; (
JK,
K;) he made him to be feared by men. (
M.) Hence, in the
Kur [iii. 169], إِنَّمَا ذٰلِكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ يُخَوِّفُ أَوْلِيَآءَهُ, i. e. [Verily that is the devil:] he causeth his friends to be feared by you: [or that devil causeth &c.:] or, as
Th says, causeth you to fear by his friends. (
TA.)
A2: He diminished it, lessened it, or took from it; and so خوّف مِنْهُ. (
TA.) [See also 5.]
b2: خوّف غَنَبَهُ He sent away his sheep, or goats, flock by flock. (
TA.) 3 خَاْوَفَ see 1, last sentence.
4 اخافهُ, (
Msb,
K,)
inf. n. إِخَافَةٌ (
S) and إِخَافٌ, like كِتَابٌ, (
Lh,
TA,) [but the latter is
irreg. and rare,] He, or it, (an affair, a case, or an event,
Msb,) caused him, or made him, to fear, or be afraid; put him in fear; frightened, or terrified, him; (
TA;) and ↓ خوّفهُ, (
Msb,
K,)
inf. n. تَخْوِيفٌ, (
S,
TA,) signifies the same. (
S,
Msb,
K.) So in the phrase اخاف الثَّغْرُ [The enemies' frontier caused to fear, &c.; was insecure:] or fear entered from it. (
TA.) You say also, مَالَ الحَائِطُ فَأَخَافَ النَّاسَ [The wall leaned, and caused the people to fear]. (
Msb.) And أَخَافَ اللُّصُوصُ الطَّرِيقَ [for أَخَافَ اللُّصُوصُ أَهْلَ الطَّرِيقِ The robbers caused the people of the road, or the passengers thereof, to fear, &c.; or it may be rendered the robbers caused the road to be insecure]. (
Msb.) And أَخَفْتُهُ الأَمْرَ فَخَافَهُ [I caused him to fear the thing, or affair, &c., and he feared it; making the verb doubly
trans.]; as also إِيَّاهُ فَتَخَوَّفَهُ ↓ خَوَّفْتُهُ. (
Msb.) It is said in a
trad., أَخِيفُوا الهَوَامَّ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُخِيفَكُمْ Make ye the venomous reptiles and the like to fear before they make you to fear; (
TA;) i. e. kill ye them before they kill you. (
JM,
TA.)
b2: مَا أَخْوَفَنِى
عَلَيْكَ [How greatly do I fear for thee!]. (
TA.) 5 تخوّفهُ: see 1, in three places.
A2: Also He took by little and little (
S,
L,
K) from it, (
S,
K,) or from its sides; (
L;) as also تحوّفهُ: (
S and
K * in arts. حوف and حيف:) or he took from its extremities; so in the A; in which it is said to be
tropical:
accord. to
IF, it is originally [تخوّن,] with ن [in the place of the ف]. (
TA.) Dhu-rRummeh says, (
S,) or not he, but some other poet, for it is ascribed to several different authors, (
L,) تَخَوَّفَ الرَّحْلُ مِنْهَا تَامِكًا قَرِدًا كَمَا تَخَوَّفَ ظَهْرَ النَّبْعَةِ السَّفَنُ
[Her saddle abraded from a long and high, compact hump, like as when the piece of skin used for smoothing arrows has abraded from the back of a rod of the tree called نبعة]. (
S. [See also 5 in art. حوف, where another reading of this verse is given. In the
TA, in the present art., in the places of الرحل and ظهر, I find السَّيْرُ and عُود.]) Hence, (
S,
K,)
accord. to
Fr, (
TA,) أَوْيَأَخَذِهِمْ عَلَى تَخَوُّفٍ, (
S,
K,) in the
Kur [xvi. 49], (
S,) which
Az explains as meaning [Or are they secure from his destroying them] by causing them to suffer loss [by little and little] in their bodies and their possessions, or cattle, and their fruits: or,
accord. to
Zj, it may mean, after causing them to fear, by destroying a town, so that the one next to it shall fear. (
TA.) You say also, تخوّف مِنْ مَالِى He took by little and little from my property. (
JK.) And تَخَوَّفَنَا السَّنَةُ [The year of drought, or sterility, took from us by little and little]. (
JK.) And تَخَوّفَنِى حَقِّى
[He diminished to me by little and little my right, or due]. (
JK.) And تَخَوَّفَهُ حمْقُهُ (
tropical:)
i. q. اهْضَمَهُ [an evident mistranscription for اِهْتَضَمَهُ or هَضَمَهُ, meaning His stupidity deprived him of his right, or due]. (
TA.) خَافٌ A man very fearful or timorous; (
S,
K;) [and so, in the present day, ↓ خَوَّافٌ; the former originally] of the measure فَعِلٌ, like فَرِقٌ and فَزِعٌ; and similar to صَاتٌ, meaning a man “ having a strong, or loud, voice: ” (
S:) or
i. q. ↓ خَائِفٌ: (
TA:)
accord. to
Kh, it may be [originally خَاوِفٌ,] of the measure فَاعِلٌ, having the medial radical rejected; or [خَوْفٌ,] of the measure فَعْلٌ; and in either case, the
dim. is [↓ خُوَيْفٌ,] with و: so says
Sb. (
TA.) خَوْفٌ
inf. n. of 1. (
S,
Msb,
K, &c.)
b2: Also Slaughter: whence, وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُمْ بِشَىْءٍ مِنَ الْخَوْفِ [And we will assuredly try you with somewhat of slaughter]; (
Lh,
K;) in the
Kur [ii. 150]. (
TA.) [See also 4.]
b3: And Fighting: whence, فَإِذَا جَآءَ الخَوْفُ [But when fighting cometh; in the
Kur xxxiii. 19]. (
K.)
A2: See also خَائِفٌ.
A3: Also A red hide from which are cut strips like thongs, (
Kr,
K,
TA,) and then upon these are put [ornaments of the kind termed] شَذْر; worn by a girl: (
TA:) a
dial. var. of حَوْفٌ [
q. v.]: (
K:) but this latter is preferable. (
L,
TA.) خِيفٌ: see 1, first sentence.
خَافَةٌ A [coat of the kind called] جُبَّة, of hide, or leather, which the collector of honey wears; (
Akh,
JK,
K;) and also worn by the water-carrier: (
JK:) or a fur-garment, or hide with the fur or wool on it, worn by him who enters into the places occupied by bees, in order that they may not sting him: (
TA:) or a [pouch of the kind termed] خَرِيطَة, (
S,
K,) of hide, or leather, (
S,) narrow in the upper part and wide in the lower part, (
TA,) in which honey is collected: (
S,
K:) or a [round piece of leather with a running string by means of which it may be converted into a bag, such as is termed] سُفْرَة, like the خَرِيطَة, made, or sewed, small, [for مُصْعَدَةٌ or مُصَعَّدَةٌ, which I find in different copies of the
K, and to which no appropriate meaning is assignable, I read مُصْغَرَةٌ or مُصَغَّرَةٌ, (see 2 in art. صغر, and particularly أَصْغَرَ القِرْبَةَ,)] having its head [or border] raised, for honey; (
K;) so says
Skr, in explaining the following verse: or, as
IB says,
accord. to Aboo-'Alee, it is from the phrase النَّاسُ أَخْيَافٌ, meaning “ men,” or “ the people,”
“ are different, one from another; ” for it is a خَرِيطَة of hide, or leather, embellished with different kinds of embellishment; and if so it should be mentioned in art. خيف: (
TA:) [but] the
dim. is ↓ خُوَيْفَةٌ. (
JK.) Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, [describing a collector of wild honey,] تَأَبَّطَ خَافَةً فِيهَا مِسَابٌ فَأَصْبَحَ يَقْتَرِى مَشَدًا بِشِيقِ (
S,) [He put beneath his armpit a خافة in which was a receptacle for honey, and betook himself to making successive endeavours to reach the most difficult part of a mountain by means of a rope, or rope of palm-fibres; for] he means شِيقًا بِمَسَدٍ; the phrase being inverted: (
S and
TA in art. شيق:) or he means, [betook himself to] taking successive holds of a rope (يَتَتَبَّعُ حَبْلًا) tied to a شيق [here best rendered mountain-top] in his descent to the place of the honey; so that there is no inversion. (
TA in that art.)
b2: Also
i. q. عَيْبَةٌ [A kind of basket, or receptacle, of hide, or leather]; (
TA;) the thing in which fruits are gathered; also called مِخْرَفٌ. (
Har p. 374.)
b3: And خَافَةُ الزَّرْعِ is said to mean The envelope of the grain of seed-produce; so called because it protects it: to this the believer is likened in a
trad. [as some relate it]; but the reading [commonly known] is [خَامَة,] with م. (
TA.) [See خامة, in art. خيم.]
خِيفَةٌ;
pl. خِيفٌ: see 1, first sentence.
b2: [Sometimes it may mean, agreeably with
analogy, A kind of fear.]
A2: See also art. خيف.
خَوَافٌ Vociferation, clamour, or a confused noise, of a company of men. (
JK,
Sgh,
K.) خُوَيْفٌ: see خَافٌ.
خُوَيْفَةٌ: see خَافَةٌ.
خَوَّافٌ: see خَافٌ.
b2: [Hence, perhaps,] A certain black bird:
ISd says, I know not why it is thus called. (
TA.) خَائِفٌ Fearing; being afraid or frightened or terrified: (
S, *
TA:)
pl. خُوَّفٌ (
S,
K) and خُيَّفٌ, (
S,) or خِيَّفٌ, (
K,) or,
accord. to
Ks, خُيَّفٌ and خِيفٌ and خُوفٌ, (
L,) [but the second and third of these three should be خِيَّفٌ and خُوَّفٌ, for all are said to be of the measure فُعَّلٌ,] and ↓ خَوْفٌ; or this last is a
quasi-pl. n.; (
K;) whence, in the
Kur [vii. 54], خَوْفًا وَطَمَعًا, meaning Worship ye Him fearing his punishment and eagerly desiring his recompense. (
TA.) See also خَافٌ.
b2: and see مَخُوفٌ.
طَرِيقٌ مُخَافٌ [for مُخَافٌ أَهْلُهُ, A road of which the people, or passengers, are caused to fear, by robbers]. (
Msb.) [See also what next follows.]) طَرِيقُ مَخُوفٌ A road in which people fear: (
S, *
Msb,
K:) or a road that is feared; (
JK,
TA;) as also ↓ مَخِيفٌ, and ↓ خَائِفٌ; which last is
tropical, of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; (
TA;) or, thus applied, this last [is a possessive
epithet, and thus] meanshaving fear: (
JK: [see also مُخَافٌ:]) you should not say ↓ طَرِيقٌ مُخِيفٌ, because the road does not cause fear, but only he who robs and slays therein. (
S, *
K, *
TA.) One says also ثَغْرٌ
↓ مَخِيفٌ and ↓ مُتَخَوَّفٌ An enemies' frontier [that is feared, or] from which one fears, or from the direction of which fear comes. (
TA.) مَخُوفٌ signifies A thing [of any kind] that is feared; as a lion, and a serpent, and fire, and the like. (
Har p. 369.) [Hence,] حَائِطٌ مَخُوفٌ A wall of which the falling is feared. (
Lh,
Msb,
TA. [See also مُخِيفٌ.]) And وَجَعٌ مَخُوفٌ [A pain that is feared]. (
TA. [See, again, مُخِيفٌ.]) and أَمْرٌ مَخُوفٌ [An affair, or event, that is feared]. (
Mgh,
Msb. [See, again, مُخِيفٌ.]) And فَاسِقٌ مَخُوفٌ عَلَى مَالِهِ A transgressor who is feared for his property, that he will consume it, and expend it in that which is not right. (
Mgh.) مَخِيفٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places: and see also what next follows.
حَائِطٌ مُخِيفٌ (
Msb,
K, in the
CK ↓ مَخِيفٌ,) A wall that causes one to fear that it will fall. (
Msb,
K. * [See also مَخُوفٌ.]) And وَجَعٌ مُخِيفٌ (
S,
K) A pain that causes him who sees it to fear. (
S. [See, again, مَخُوفٌ.]) And أَمْرٌ مُخِيفٌ An affair, or event, that is formidable; that causes him who sees it to fear. (
Msb. [See, again, مَخُوفٌ.]) And المُخِيفُ means The lion, (
K,
TA,) that frightens him who sees him. (
TA.) See also مَخُوفٌ, first sentence.
أَخْوَفٌ [More, and most, formidable, fearful, or feared:
anomalous, like its
syn. أَخْشَى, being from the
pass. verb. Hence,] أَخْوَفُ مَا أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ كَذَا [The most formidable, or fearful, of what I fear for you is such a thing]. (
Mgh, *
TA.) مَخَافَةٌ an
inf. n. of 1, (
S,
Msb,
K, &c.,) originally مَخْوَفَةٌ. (
TA.)
b2: [Also A cause of fear: a word of the same category as مَجْـ
ـبَنَةٌ and مَبْخَلَةٌ
&c.:
pl. مَخَاوِفُ. Hence,] أَوَّلُ كُتُبِهِ المَخَاوِفُ [The first of his letters, or epistles, consisted of the causes of fear]. (
TA.)
b3: And مَخَاوِفُ also signifies Places of fear. (
KL.) مُتَخَوَّفٌ: see مَخُوفٌ.
