رفد

1 رَفَدَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. رَفْدٌ, He gave him, or gave him a gift: (T, S, M, A, * Msb, K:) or it signifies, (Msb,) or signifies also, (S, M, A,) he aided, helped, or assisted, him: (T, S, M, A, Msb:) and ↓ ارفدهُ, (M, A, Msb,) inf. n. إِرْفَادٌ, (S, K,) signifies the same (S, M, A, Msb, K) in the latter sense, (S, M, A, K,) and in the former sense also: (S, K:) or both signify he aided, helped, or assisted, him, by a gift or by a saying or by some other thing: (Mgh:) [it is said in the Ham p. 128, that the latter verb has been transmitted, but is not the choice one; but in p. 276, that both are chaste:] and you say also ↓ رافدهُ; (A;) [meaning he aided him; or he aided with him; or he aided him, being aided by him; for] مُرَافَدَةٌ is syn. with مُعَاوَنَةٌ. (S, L.) One says, لَا أَقُومُ إِلَّا رَفْدًا I will not stand unless I be helped to do so. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] He propped it up; namely, a wall: (Zj, T, A:) and رَفَدْتُهُ بِهِ I propped it up, or supported it, namely, a thing, with it, meaning any other thing used for such a purpose. (Zj, T.) b3: And [hence,] رَفَدَهُ, (M, L,) or رَفَدَ عَلَيْهِ, aor. ـِ inf. n. رَفْدٌ, (Az, T, S, M,) He made for him, (Az, S, M, *) or put upon him, (T, M, *) namely, a camel, (Az, S,) an appertenance of the saddle, called a رِفَادَة: (Az, T, S, M:) [and ↓ ارفدهُ, or ارفد عَلَيْهِ, signifies the same; for] إِرْفَادٌ is syn. with رَفْدٌ as meaning the putting to a beast, or furnishing him with, a رِفَادَة. (K.) [Hence,] يُرْفَدُ بِخِرْقَةٍ [meaning It is furnished with a piece of rag, as a compress,] is said of a wound (S, K) &c. (S.) b4: And رَفَدَهُ signifies also It held it fast; namely, any one thing, another thing. (M.) 2 رَفَّدُوا فُلَانًا, (M, A,) inf. n. تَرْفِيدٌ, (S, K,) (tropical:) They made such a one a lord, or chief; (S, M, A, K;) made him great, or magnified him, or honoured him; (K; *) and set him over their affairs; (M;) [lit. made him to give gifts;] as also رَفَّلُوهُ: because a man when he becomes a lord, or chief, gives gifts, and drags his skirt upon the ground (إِذَا سَادَ رَفَدَ وَرَفَلَ). (A.) And رُفِّدَ فُلَانٌ (tropical:) Such a one was made a lord, or chief; and was made great, or magnified, or honoured. (S, TA.) A2: رفّد, (T, L,) inf. n. as above, (T, L, K,) also signifies He went a pace like that called همْلَجَةٌ, (T, L,) or like that called هَرْوَلَةٌ. (K.) [See 2 in art. رقد.]3 رَاْفَدَ see 1.4 أَرْفَدَ see 1, in two places.6 ترافدوا They aided, helped, or assisted, one another [by gifts or otherwise]. (S, * M, A, Msb, K. *) 8 ارتفد He gained, acquired, or earned, (T, S, M, A, K,) property. (T, M, A.) And ارتفدتُ مِنْهُ I obtained a gift, or aid, from him. (A.) 10 استرفدهُ He sought, desired, demanded, or asked, aid, help, or assistance, from him [by a gift or otherwise]. (S, * A, Msb, K. *) رَفْدٌ: see the next paragraph.

رِفْدٌ A gift; (S, A, Msb, * K;) [and so, app., ↓ مِرْفَدٌ or ↓ مَرْفَدٌ;] a gratuity: (T, S, A, K:) pl. أَرْفَادٌ (Ham p. 128) [and مَرَافِدُ is pl. of مِرْفَدٌ or مَرْفَدٌ]. You say, هُوَ كَثِيرُ الأَرْفَادِ and ↓ المَرَافِدِ [He is a person of many gifts]. (A.) It is said in a trad., مِنِ اقْتِرَابَ السَّاعَةِ أَنْ يَكُونَ الفَىْءُ رِفْدًا [One of the signs] of the approach of the hour of resurrection shall be, that the tribute shall be a gratuity bestowed according to men's natural desires, and not according to right, or desert. (T, L.) b2: Aid, help, or assistance; (T, M, L, Msb;) as also مِرْفدٌ and مَرْفدٌ [app. ↓ مِرْفَدٌ and ↓ مَرْفَدٌ]; (M;) by a gift, and by giving milk to drink, and by a saying, and by anything. (T.) b3: A lot, share, or portion. (M, L.) b4: Also, (IAar, Ibn-El-Mubárak, T, S, M, A, L, K,) and ↓ رَفْدٌ, (El-Muärrij, T, S, M, L, K,) and ↓ مِرْفَدٌ, (S, M, L, K,) and ↓ مَرْفَدٌ, (M, L,) A large [drinking-cup, or bowl, of the kind called] قَدَح, (T, S, A, L, K,) in which a guest is given to drink: (S, L:) this is the meaning most known; and this meaning is assigned by Zj to the third of the words above, i. e. مِرْفَدٌ: (T:) or a large عُسّ, (M, L,) larger than the common عُسّ, which latter is a large قَدَح that holds enough to satisfy the thirst of three men, or four, or more; larger than the غَمَر: (L:) or a قَدَح, (Ibn-El-Mubárak, T, M, L,) of whatever size it be; accord. to some: (M, L:) in a قَدَح a she-camel is milked: (T:) or a vessel in which one milks. (El-Muärrij, T.) One says, هُرِيقَ رِفْدُهُ [His drinking-cup, or bowl, was emptied], meaning (tropical:) he was slain; a phrase similar to صَفِرَتْ وِطَابُهُ, and كُفِئَتْ جَفْنَتُهُ: (A:) or he died. (K.) And مَدَّ فُلَانٌ بِأَرْفَادِى [app. Such a one drew water with my bowls], meaning (tropical:) such a one aided me, or assisted me. (A, TA. [In my copy of the former, بِاءِرْفَادِى; which I think a mistranscription: in the latter, بِارْفَادِى]) رِفْدَةٌ A company such as is termed عُصْبَة, of men, (M, L,) [aiding one another: pl. رِفَدٌ: see De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., ii. 461.]

رَفُودٌ A she-camel that fills the [vessel called]

رِفْد or رَفْد at one milking: (S, A, K:) or that is constantly over her milking-vessel: or that yields an uninterrupted supply of milk: (IAar, L:) or that aids her owners by the abundance of her milk: (TA in art. ركد:) pl. رُفُدٌ. (L.) رِفَادَةٌ [A kind of pad, or stuffed thing, beneath a saddle;] a thing like the جَدْيَة of a horse's saddle, (S, Mgh, K,) for a beast: (K:) a support for the saddle of a horse or camel &c.: (M, L:) it is put beneath a horse's saddle in order that it may become raised thereby. (Lth, T.) b2: A piece of rag with which a wound, (S, K,) &c., (S,) is furnished as a compress (يُرْفَدُ بِهَا). (S, K.) b3: A contribution which the tribe of Kureysh made among themselves in the Time of Ignorance, for the purpose of purchasing for the pilgrims wheat, and raisins (S, M, K) for [the beverage called]

نَبِيذ: (S, M:) each gave according to his ability, and thus they collected a great sum, in the days of the assembling of the pilgrims; and they continued to feed the people until the end of those days: (M:) the رِفَادَة and سِقَايَة [i. e. the supplying these provisions and this beverage] pertained to the Benoo-Háshim; and the سِدَانَة [or service of the Kaabeh], and the لِوَآء [or banner], to the Benoo-'Abd-ed-Dár: (S:) the term رِفَادَةٌ used in relation to the feeding of the pilgrims is from رَفَدَهُ signifying “ he aided him by a gift ” &c.: (Mgh:) the first who performed this custom was Háshim Ibn-'Abd-Menáf. (T.) b4: One says also, هُوَ رِفَادَةُ صِدْقٍ لِى and صِدْقٍ ↓ رَفِيدَةُ, meaning (tropical:) [He is an excellent] aider, or helper, or assistant, to me. (A.) رَفِيدَةٌ: see what next precedes.

رَافِدٌ [act. part. n. of رَفَدَ; Giving, or giving a gift: and aiding, &c.]: pl. [رَافِدُونَ and] رُفَّدٌ. (TA.) You say, فُلَانٌ نِعْمَ الرَّافِدُ إِذَا حَلَّ بِهِ الوَافِدُ [Such a one is an excellent, or a most excellent, giver, or aider, when the comer alights at his abode]. (A, TA.) And أَعْطَى زَكَاةَ مَالِهِ طَيِّبَةً بِهَا نَفْسُهُ رَافِدَةً عَلَيْهِ He gave the portion of his property that was due as the poor-rate, his soul being well pleased, or content, therewith, aiding him to do so. (L.) b2: One who is next in station to a king, [who aids him,] and who, when the latter is absent, occupies his place. (IB.) b3: (tropical:) A river that flows into, and augments, another river: you say نَهْرٌ لَهُ رَافِدَانِ (tropical:) A river that has two rivers flowing into it, and augmenting it. (A.) Hence, (A,) الرَّافِدَانِ is an appellation applied to (tropical:) The Tigris and Euphrates. (S, M, A, K.) b4: [Hence,] one says also, فُلَانٌ يَمْدُّ البَرِيَّةَ رَافِدَاهُ (tropical:) Such a one's two hands or arms [afford aid, or succour, to mankind]. (A.) رَافِدَةٌ a word of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ [app. as meaning A thing that aids, helps, or assists,] from الرَّفْدُ signifying “ the act of aiding, helping, or assisting. ” (TA.) رَوَافِدُ [is its pl., and] signifies The rafters, or beams, or timbers, (خَشَب, S, Mgh, K, or خُشُب, M,) of a roof, (IAar, S, M, Mgh, K,) over which are laid [planks, or only] the bundles of reeds, or canes, called حَرَادِىّ; (IAar, L in art. حرد;) as also رَافِدَاتٌ. (S, M.) A poet says, (describing a house, S in art. بخ,) رَوَافِدُهُ أَكْرَمُ الرَّافِدَاتِ [Its rafters are the most excellent of rafters]. (S, M.) بَنُو أَرْفَدَةَ, (S, K,) or أَرْفِدَة, which latter is the more common and more approved, (TA,) mentioned in a trad., (S,) A class of the Abyssinians, (S, K,) who danced: (S:) or a surname of them: or they were so called from the name of their chief ancestor, (TA.) تَرْفِيدٌ, a subst., like تَمْتِينٌ, and تَنْبِيتٌ, The posteriors of a woman. (IAar, M.) مَرْفَدٌ, and its pl. مَرَافِدُ: see رِفْدٌ, in four places.

مِرْفَدٌ, and its pl. مَرَافِدُ: see رِفْدٌ, in four places. b2: Also A piece of stuff, or a thing like a pillow, with which a woman small in the posteriors makes those parts to appear large. (S, K. *) مَرَافِيدُ [a pl. of which the sing. (probably مِرْفَادٌ, like مِغْزَارٌ and مِدْرَارٌ &c.,) is not mentioned,] Ewes, or she-goats, whose milk does not cease (S, K) in summer nor in winter. (S.)

ر

أس1 رَأَسَهُ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـَ (K, TA, [in a copy of the M رَاُ^َ,]) inf. n. رَأْسٌ, (M, TA,) He (a man, S) hit, or hurt, his head. (S, M, K.) b2: رَأَسْتُهُ بِالعَصَى I struck his head with the staff, or stick. (A.) b3: رَأَسَهُ البِرْسَامُ The disease called برسام affected, or overcame, (أَخَذَ,) his head. (A.) [And hence,] رُئِسَ, (M, A,) inf. n. رَأْسٌ, (M,) His (a man's) head was, or became, affected, or overcome, by the disease called برسام, or otherwise: (A:) or he had a complaint of his head. (M, TA.) A2: رَأَسَ القَوْمَ, (S, M, A,) and رَأَسَ عَلَيْهِمْ, (M,) aor. ـَ (S, M,) inf. n. رِئَاسَةٌ, (S, M, A,) (tropical:) He was, or became, head, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king, of, or over, the people; he headed them; (M, A; *) he was, or became, their superior, (M.) [See also 5.]

b2: Also رَأَسَ, alone, aor. ـَ inf. n. رِئَاسَةٌ, (tropical:) He was, or became, high in rank or condition. (Msb.) b3: And, with the same aor. and inf. n., (tropical:) He strove for رِئَاسَة [or headship, or command,] (زَاحَمَ عَلَيْهَا,) and desired it. (IAar, TA.) 2 رأّس الضَّبُّ الأَفْعَى The [lizard called] ضبّ turned his head towards the viper, or met the viper head-foremast, in coming forth from his hole: for the viper comes to the hole of the ضبّ, and hunts after it, and sometimes the latter comes forth with its head towards the former, and is said to be مَرَئِّس: and sometimes a man hunts after the ضبّ, and puts a stick into the mouth of its hole, and it imagines it to be a viper, and comes forth head-foremost or tail-foremost, i. e., مُرَئِّسًا أَوْ مُذَنِّبًا. (TA.) A2: [The verb is also used intransitively, as meaning It (a ضَبّ) put its head foremost in coming forth from its hole: contr. of ذَنَّبَ.]

A3: رَأَّسْتُهُ, inf. n. تَرْئِيسٌ, (tropical:) I made, or appointed, him رَئِيس [i. e. head, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king], (S, K,) عَلَى القَوْمِ over the people. (S, TA.) And رَأَّسُوهُ عَلَىأَنْفُسِهِمْ, (M, A,) seen by Az, in the book of Lth, written رَوَّسُوهُ, but the former is the regular form, (TA,) (tropical:) They made him head, chief, commander, &c., over themselves. (M, A.) 5 ترأّس عَلَىالقَوْمِ (tropical:) He became made, or appointed, head, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king, over the people; (S, M, A;) as also عَلَيْهِمْ ↓ ارتأس: (S:) or both signify [like رَأَسَ على القوم,] he was, or became, رَئِيس [i. e. head, chief, &c.] (K, TA) over the people. (TA.) 8 ارتأس الشَّىْءَ He, or it, became mounted, or fixed, upon the head of the thing. (M, TA. *) In the saying, يَرْتَاسُ السِّنَانَ فَيُقْتَلُ [He becomes fixed upon the point of the spear-head, and is slain], in a verse cited by Th, يَرْتَاسُ is for يَرْتَئِسُ. (M.) A2: See also 5.

A3: ارتأس زَيْدًا He took Zeyd by the neck, and lowered it to, or towards, the ground. (K, from the “ Nawádir el-Aaráb. ”) b2: Hence, (assumed tropical:) He occupied Zeyd so as to divert his attention: (K, from the same:) and اِكْتَاسَهُ and اِرْتَكَسَهُ and اِعْتَكَسَهُ also signify the same [app. in the former sense, or perhaps in both senses.] (TA, from the same.) رَأْسٌ, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) generally with ء, except in the dial. of Benoo-Temeem, who constantly suppress the ء, (Msb,) [The head of a man and of any animal;] a certain part of an animal, (Msb,) well known: (Msb, K:) masc., (Msb, TA,) by common consent: (TA:) and (K) the highest or uppermost part, or top, or summit, (M, A, K,) of a thing, (M,) or of anything; (A, K;) as, for instance, of a mountain, &c.; (the Lexicons, passim;) and the upper, or uppermost, part of a valley: (TA: see رَائِسٌ:) pl. (of pauc., S, TA) أَرْؤُسٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and, by transposition, آرُسٌ, (M, TA, * [originally أَأْرُسٌ, in the L, erroneously, أاراس,]) and (of mult., S, TA) رُؤُوسُ, (S, M, Msb, K, [by some carelessly written رُؤُسٌ, and by some, allowably, رُؤُسٌ,]) which is not transposed, and رُوْسٌ, which is elliptical. (M, TA.) A poet uses the pl. for the dual, saying, رُؤُوسُ كَبِيرَيْهِنَّ يَنْتَطِحَانِ [The heads of the two great ones, or old ones, of them, smite each other with their horns]. (M.) b2: أُمُّ الرَّأْسِ: see أُمٌّ. b3: يَوْمُ الرُّؤُوسِ [The day of the heads] is applied by the people of Mekkeh to the day called يَوْمُ القَرِّ, because then they eat the heads of the animals sacrificed. (A, TA.) b4: أَصَابَ رَأْسَهُ (tropical:) He kissed his head: a metonymical phrase. (TA.) b5: رُمِىَ فُلَانٌ مِنْهُ فِى الرَّأْسِ [lit., Such a one was shot by him in the head; meaning,] (assumed tropical:) he turned away from him, and did not look towards him nor pay any regard or attention to him, and deemed him troublesome. (S, TA.) You say also, رُمِيتُ مِنْكَ فِى الرَّأْسِ, meaning, (assumed tropical:) Thou hast an evil opinion of me (S, K) so that thou canst not look towards me. (S.) b6: رَكِبَ رَأْسَهُ: see art. ركب. b7: وَلَدَتْ وَلَدَهَا عَلَى رَأْسٍ وَاحِدٍ (assumed tropical:) She brought forth her children one after, or near after, another. (IAar, M.) In like manner you say, وُلِدَ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَوْلَادٍ رَأْسًا عَلَى إِثْرِ رَأْسٍ, (M,) or رَأْسًا عَلَى رَأْسٍ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He had three children born to him one after, or near after, another. (M, TA.) And اِجْعَلْ هٰذَا الشَّىْءَ رَأْسًا وَاحِدًا (assumed tropical:) Make thou this thing to be [uniform, or] of one way, or mode, or manner. (ISK, TA in art. بأج.) b8: عِنْدِى رَأْسُ مِنَ الغَنَمِ (tropical:) [I have one head of sheep or goats]: and عِدَّةٌ مِنْ

أَرْؤُسٍ (tropical:) [a number of head thereof]. (A, TA.) It is said in a trad. of' Omar, وَاجْعَلُوا الرَّأْسَ رَأْسَيْنِ (tropical:) And make ye the one head two head, by buying two animals with the price of one, that, when one dies, the second may remain. (Mgh in art. فرق.) And you say, فُلَانٌ يَرْتَبِطُ كَذَا رَأْسًا مِنَ الدَّوَابِّ [Such a one ties so many head of beasts]. (S in art. ربط.) b9: أَعْطِنِى رَأْسًا مِنْ ثُومٍ وَ سِنًّا مِنْهُ (tropical:) [Give thou to me a head of garlic, and a clove thereof]: and كَمْ فِى رَأْسِكَ مِنْ سِنِّ (tropical:) [How many cloves are there in thy head of garlic?]. (A, TA.) b10: رَأْسٌ also signifies The extremity of a thing: or, as some say, the end, or last, thereof. (MF. TA.) b11: [A head, head-land, cape, or promontory.] b12: The hilt of a sword; (A;) and so ↓ رِئَاسٌ; (S, M, K; [in a copy of the A رِيَاسَةٌ;]) or this signifies its pommel, (Sgh, K,) more correctly; (Sgh;) and is also written رِيَاسٌ, but whether for رِئَاسٌ or originally with ى is doubtful. (M.) [From the first of the above-mentioned significations arise several others, which are tropical. b13: Hence, الرَّأْسُ وَالذَّنَبُ (assumed tropical:) The two nodes of a planet: see تِنِّينٌ. b14: Hence likewise,] رَأْسٌ is also (tropical:) syn. with رَئِيسٌ, q. v. infrà. (M, K.) You say, مَا أُرِيدُهُ رَأْسًا (tropical:) [I do not desire him as a رئيس, i. e. head, chief, &c.]. (A.) And it is said in a trad., رَأْسُ الكُفْرِ مِنْ قِبَلِ المَشْرِقِ (tropical:) [The head, or leader, of infidelity is from the direction of the place of sunrise]: indicating that Ed-Dejjál or some other of the heads of error will come forth in the east. (TA.) b15: رَأْسُ المَالِ (tropical:) The capital, or principal, of property. (Msb, K.) [Hence the saying,] أَقْرَضَتْنِى عَشَرَةً بِرَؤُوسِهَا (tropical:) She lent me ten [pieces of money] as a loan whereof the principal was to be repaid without interest. (Mgh, TA. *) b16: القَافِيَةُ الرأْسُ البَيْتِ (assumed tropical:) [The rhyme is the principal, or most essential, part of the verse]: said by one of the tribe of' Okeyl, to IJ. (M.) b17: رَأْسُ الدِّينِ الخَشْيَةُ (tropical:) [The principal part, or the beginning, of religion is fear of God]. (A, TA.) b18: رَأْسُ الشَّهْرِ (assumed tropical:) The beginning of the month. (Msb.) [And in like manner, رَأْسُ السَّنَةِ (assumed tropical:) The beginning, or first day, of the year.] b19: رَأْسُ الأَمْرِ, (K, TA,) or ↓ رِئَاس, (so in the CK,) [both correct, as will be seen from what follows,] (tropical:) The beginning of the affair; the first thereof. (K, TA.) b20: أَعِدْ عَلَىَّ كَلَامَكَ مِنْ رَأْسٍ, (S, M,) and مِنَ الرَّأْسِ, but this is less common, (M,) or is a vulgar phrase, not allowable, (S,) (tropical:) [Repeat thou to me thy speech from the beginning:] said by a person to one talking to him. (TA.) One also says to a person talking to him, خُذْهُ مِنْ رَأْسٍ (tropical:) [Take thou it from the beginning]. (A.) b21: أَنْتَ عَلَىرَأْسِ أَمْرِكَ, and ↓ على رِئَاسِهِ (assumed tropical:) Thou art on the point of accomplishing thine affair: (M, TA:) or أَنْتَ عَلَى

أَمْرِكَ ↓ رِئَاسِ signifies (assumed tropical:) thou art at the beginning of thine affair; and the vulgar say, عَلَى رَأْسِ أَمْرِكَ (S, TA.) b22: أَضْرَعَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِ الوَلَدِ: see art. ضرع. b23: كَانَ ذٰلِكَ عَلَى رَأْسِ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) That was in the time of such a one; in his life-time: like the phrase عَلَى رِجْلِ فُلَانٍ. (TA in art. رجل.) b24: رَأْسٌ also signifies (tropical:) A numerous and strong company of people. (As, S, M, K.) You say, هُمْ رَأْسٌ (tropical:) They are a numerous and strong company of people. (S.) And هُمْ رَأْسٌ عَظِيمٌ (tropical:) They are an army by themselves, not needing any aid. (A, TA.) 'Amr Ibn-Kulthoom says, (S,) بِرَأْسٍ مِنْ بَنِى جُشَمِ بْنِ بِكْرٍ

نَدُقُّ بِهِ السُّهُولَةَ وَالحُزُونَا [as though meaning, With a numerous and strong company of Benoo-Jusham-Ibn-Bekr, with which we beat the plains and the rugged tracts]: (S, M:) but [J says,] I think that he means رَئِيس, [i. e. head, chief, &c.,] because he says ندقّ بِهِ, not بِهِمْ (S.) رُؤَاسٌ: see أَرْأَسُ.

رِئَاسٌ: see رَأْسٌ, in the middle of the paragraph: and again, in three places, in the latter part thereof.

رَؤُوسٌ: see رَائِسٌ. b2: Also A camel having no fatness (طِرْق) remaining except in the head; (S, K;) and so ↓ مُرَائِسٌ, (S, TA,) incorrectly said in the K to be ↓ مُرَأَّسٌ, like مُعَظَّمٌ; (TA;) mentioned by A' Obeyd, from Fr.; (S;) so too ↓ مِرْآسٌ. (K.) رَئِيسٌ Hit, or hurt, in the head; as also ↓ مَرْؤُوسٌ. (S.) Hence, شَاةٌ رَئِيسٌ A sheep or goat, or a ewe or she-goat, hit, or hurt, in her head: pl. رَآسَى: (S, M, K:) you say غَنَمٌ رَآسَى. (S, K.) b2: Having his head broken, its skin being cleft. (TA.) b3: Having his head affected, or overcome, by the disease called بِرْسَام; as also ↓ مَرْؤُوسٌ: (A:) or ↓ the latter, a man afflicted with that disease: (M, TA:*) and ↓ the same, also, a man having a complaint of his head. (TA.) A2: (tropical:) The head, or headman, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king, of a people; a person of authority; (S, M, A, * K;) as also ↓ رَيِّسٌ (S, K) and ↓ رَأْسٌ [q. v.]; (M, A, K;) and [in like manner] ↓ رَائِسٌ, syn. of this last, وَالٍ: (K:) or رَئِيسٌ signifies, [or rather signifies also,] a person high in rank or condition: (Msb:) its pl. is رُؤَسَآهُ, (M, Msb,) pronounced by the vulgar رُوَسَآء: (TA:) in El-Yemen, ↓رَيِّسٌ is applied to one who shaves the head. (TA in art. ريس.) b2: رَئِيسُ الكِلَابِ (S, M, A,) and ↓ رَائِسُهَا, (M, TA,) (tropical:) [The chief, or leader, of the dogs;] the dog that is' among the other dogs, as the رَئِيس among a people: (S:) the chief of the dogs, that is not preceded by them in the chase. (M, TA.) b3: الأَعْضَآءُ الرَّئِيسَةُ (tropical:) [The capital parts of an animal] are, with physicians, four; (Mgh, TA;) namely, the heart, the brain, the liver, and the testicles: (Mgh, K, TA:) the first three, because without every one of them the person cannot exist; and the last, because privation thereof is a privation of نَوْع [properly species]: the assertion that they are the nose, and the tongue, and the penis, is erroneous. (Mgh, TA.) رُؤَاسِىٌّ: see أَرْأَسُ.

رُؤُوسٌ رُوَّسٌ: see مِرْأَسٌ.

رَأّسٌ A seller of heads: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) رَوَّاسٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) or رَوَّاسِىٌّ, (K, TA,) with و and with the relative ى, (TA,) is vulgar, (S,) or incorrect, (Mgh, K,) or post-classical. (Msb.) رِئِّيسٌ One who is often made or appointed, or who often becomes, رَئِيس [i. e. head, chief, &c.]. (K, TA.) رَائِسٌ [act. part. n. of 1.] b2: كَلْبَةٌ رَائِسٌ, (M,) or رَائِسَةٌ, (TA,) A bitch that takes the object of the chase by the head. (M, TA.) And [in like manner] ↓ كَلْبَةٌ رَؤُوسٌ A bitch that springs upon the head of the object of the chase. (TA.) A2: رَائِسٌ also signifies Anything elevated, or rising above the part or parts adjacent to it. (M, TA.) The head (↓ رَأْس) of a valley: (M, TA:) pl. رَوَائِسُ, (TA,) which signifies the upper, or uppermost, parts of valleys. (K, TA.) A3: سَحَابَةٌ رَائِسٌ, (M,) or رَائِسَةٌ, (TA,) and ↓ مُرَائِسٌ, (M,) (assumed tropical:) A cloud preceding the other clouds: (M: [but perhaps سَحَابَةٌ in the copy of the M from which this is taken is a mistake for سَحَابٌ, i. e. clouds:]) pl. رَوَائِسُ. (K, * TA.) b2: See also رَئِيسٌ, in two places.

رَيِّسٌ: see رَئِيسٌ, in two places.

أَرْأَسٌ Having a large head; (S, M, A, Mgh, K; *) applied to a man, (S, A, Mgh,) and to a sheep or goat, (S, TA,) and to a stallion; (TA; [but فحل, there, is perhaps a mistake for رَجُلٌ;]) as also ↓ رُؤَاسِىٌّ; (S, M, A, K;) which is likewise applied to a man, (S, A,) and to a stallion, (TA,) but not to a sheep or goat; (ISk, S;) and رَوَّاسِىٌّ; (TA in art. روس;) and ↓ رُؤَاسٌ; (M, TA;) applied to a stallion; (TA;) and ↓ مَرْؤُوسٌ: (K, * TA:) fem. of the first, رَأْسَآءُ. (M.) b2: Also رَأْسَآءُ A ewe, (S, M, K,) or she-goat, (M,) having a black head (A'Obeyd, S, M, K) and face, (S, M, K,) the rest of her being white. (S.) رَأْسٌ مِرْأَسٌ, incorrectly written in the K مَرْأَسٌ, like مَقْعَدٌ, (TA,) i. q. مِصَكٌّ لِلرُّؤُوسِ [app. meaning A head strong to butt, or knock, against other heads]: pl. رُؤُوسٌ مَرَائِيسُ, (K, TA,) or مَرَائِسُ; (CK;) and ↓ رُؤُوسٌ رُؤَّسٌ [signifies the same]. (K, * TA.) مُرَأَّسٌ: see رَؤُوسٌ.

مُرَئِّسٌ A [lizard of the kind called] ضبّ coming forth from his hole having his head foremost: opposed to مُذَنِّبٌ. (TA.) b2: المُرَئِّسُ The lion. (K.) مِرْآسٌ A horse that bites the heads of other horses when running with them in a race: (M, K: *) or [so in some copies of the K, but in others “ and,”] that takes precedence of the other horses in a race. (K, * TA.) b2: See also رَؤُوسٌ.

مَرْؤُوسٌ: see رَئِيسٌ, in four places: b2: and see أَرْأَسُ. b3: Also One whose desire (شَهْوَة) is in his head only. (Fr, Sgh, K.) A2: (tropical:) Subjects [of a رَئِيس]. (K.) مُرَائِسٌ: see رَائِسٌ: b2: and رَؤُوسٌ.

A2: Also One holding back (Sgh, K) from the party [to which he belongs] (Sgh, TA) in fight, or battle. (Sgh, K.)

ركع

1 رَكَعَ, (Th, S, &c.,) aor. ـَ (Th, TA,) inf. n. رُكُوعٌ (Th, S, Mgh, Msb, K) and رَكْعٌ, (Th, TA,) He bowed, or bent, himself; or became bowed or bent: (Th, S, Mgh, Msb:) so says Er-Rághib, adding that it is sometimes used to denote a particular manner of doing so in prayer, and sometimes to denote humility and self-abasement either in worship or in other cases: (TA:) he lowered his head: (Th:) and he (an old man) bowed himself, or bent himself, or became bowed or bent, by reason of age: (S, Msb, K:) this is [said to be] the primary signification: (TA:) or he fell upon his face; (IDrd, IB, K;) and stumbled. (IB.) b2: And hence, from رَكَعَ as used in the first of the senses explained above, (S, Mgh,) or as used in the first of the senses assigned to it above when said of an old man, (TA,) or as used in the last sense explained above, (IB,) رُكُوعُ الصَّلَاةِ, (S, IB, Mgh, TA,) or الرُّكُوعُ فِى الصَّلَاة, The lowering of the head, (K, TA,) by a person praying, (TA,) [or in prayer,] after the act of standing in which the recitation [of portions of the Kur-án] is performed, so that the palms of the hands reach the knees; or, so that the back becomes depressed; (K, TA;) accord. to the doctors of practical law, so that if a cup full of water be placed upon the back, it will not be spilled. (TA.) b3: رَكَعَ إِلَى اللّٰهِ He lowered his head, or he humbled himself, to God; syn. اِطْمَأَنَّ. (Z, TA.) b4: رَكَعَ, also signifies He prayed; (Mgh;) and so ↓ تركّع. (TA.) Thus in the Kur [ii. 40], وَارْكَعُوا مَعَ الرَّاكِعِينَ, And pray ye with those who pray. (Mgh.) You say also, رَكَعَ رَكْعَةً, and رَكْعَتَيْنِ, and ثَلَاثَ رَكَعَاتٍ, He prayed a rek'ah, and two rek'ahs, and three rek'ahs. (K.) [See رَكْعَةٌ, below.] b5: Also, accord. to IKoot and several others, He stood to prayer. (Msb) b6: لَغِبَتِ الإِبِلُ حَتَّى رَكَعَتْ (tropical:) The camels became fatigued, or fatigued in the utmost degree, or languid in consequence of fatigue, so that they lowered their heads, and fell upon their faces. (TA.) b7: رَكَعَتِ النَّخْلَةُ (assumed tropical:) The palm-tree inclined: a phrase which may be of classical authority, but [Mtr says,] I have not found it. (Mgh.) b8: Said of a man, (TA,) رَكَعَ, also signifies (tropical:) He became poor after richness, or competence, or sufficiency; and his state, or condition, became lowered, or abased. (K, TA.) 5 تَرَكَّعَ see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph.

رَكْعَةٌ, [inf. n. of un. of 1: and particularly signifying] A single act of standing in prayer: and in its legal acceptation, used in a more particular sense; (Msb;) meaning a single act of standing in prayer, followed by the رُكُوع [or lowering of the head in the manner described above (see الرُّكُوعُ فِى الصَّلَاةِ in the first paragraph)] and two prostrations: (TA:) [and hence, by a further extension of the meaning, for صَلَاةُ رَكْعَةٍ, the prayer of one bowing of the head and body; the previous act of standing, and the two subsequent prostrations, being understood as included in this expression:] pl. رَكَعَاتٌ. (Msb, K.) [Using it in the last of these senses,] you say, صَلَّى رَكْعَةً

[He performed the prayer of one bowing of the head and body]: (K:) and صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ [he performed the prayers of two bowings of the head and body]. (Msb, K.) [A full description of the act of prayer thus termed may be seen in my work on the Modern Egyptians.]

رُكْعَةٌ A deep hollow (هُوَّةٌ) in the ground: (IDrd, K:) asserted to be of the dial. of ElYemen. (IDrd, TA.) رَاكِعٌ part. n. of 1, Bowing, or bending himself; or becoming bowed or bent: [&c.:] (Mgh:) anything, or anybody or any person, (accord. to different copies of the K,) lowering its, or his, head: (K:) or falling upon its, or his, face, so that the knees touch the ground, or do not touch it, after lowering the head: (TA:) b2: prostrating himself in thanksgiving; used in this sense in the Kur xxxviii. 23: (Mgh:) b3: praying: (Mgh:) b4: and applied by the Arabs in the Time of Igno-rance to a follower of the true religion, not worshipping idols: (TA:) b5: pl. رَاكَعُونَ (Mgh) and رُكَّعٌ and رُكُوعٌ. (TA.) b6: إِبِلٌ رَوَاكِعُ, [pl. of رَاكِعَةٌ,] (tropical:) Camels lowering their heads, and falling upon their faces, in consequence of fatigue, or the utmost fatigue, or languor arising from fatigue. (TA.) مَرْكَعٌ [A place in which one bows, or bends himself: and particularly, in prayer: pl. as below]. b2: A hard and long stone upon which one grinds wheat or the like: pl. مَرَاكِعُ. (TA.)

روع

1 رَاعَهُ, (IAar, Az, S, Msb, K, *) aor. ـُ (Mgh,) inf. n. رَوْعٌ (Msb, TA) and رُوعٌ and رُوُوعٌ and رُؤُوعٌ, (IAar, TA,) [He, or it, affected his رُوع, i. e. heart, or mind, with fright, or fear;] fear of it (namely an affair or event) reached his رُوع; (Az, TA;) he, or it, (a man, S, or an affair or event, IAar, TA, or a thing, Msb,) frightened him; put him in fear; made him afraid; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ روّعهُ, (S, Msb, K, *) inf. n. تَرْوِيعٌ: (TA:) or its beauty and abundance or multitude frightened him: (Lth, TA:) and ↓ the latter also, it frightened him by its abundance or multitude, or its beauty. (TA.) Hence the saying, in a trad., إِذَا شَمِطَ لإِنْسَانُ فِى عَارِضَيْهِ فَذٰلِكَ الرَّوْعُ, as though meaning [When the man becomes grizzled in the hair of the two sides of his face, that is] the warning of death. (TA.) You say also, [using the pass. form,] رِيعَ, aor. ـَ (TA,) inf. n. رَوْعٌ, (S, K,) He was, or became, frightened, or afraid; or he feared; (S, * K, * TA;) as also ↓ ارتاع, and ↓ تروّع. (S, K, TA.) And رَاعَ مِنْهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. رَوْعٌ, He was, or became, frightened at it, or afraid of it; or he feared it. (TK. [But I know of no authority on which this is founded, except a prov. (cited in art. جعر) , in which some read رُوعِى جَعَارِ instead of رُوغِى.]) To a man, you say, لَا تُرَعْ [Be not thou frightened;] fear not thou; let not fear overtake thee: and to a woman, لَا تُرَاعِى. (S, TA.) And hence the saying, in a trad., لَنْ تُرَاعَوْا مَا رَأَيْنَا مِنْ شَىْءٍ [Ye shall not be frightened, or afraid: we saw not, or have not seen, anything]. (TA.) You also say, مِنْهُ ↓ ارتاع and لَهُ He was, or became, frightened at, or afraid of, him, or it; or he feared him, or it. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) [It affected his رُوع, i. e. heart, or mind, with a sudden surprise; it took him by surprise.] One says, مَا رَاعَنِى إِلَّا مَجِيؤُكَ meaning (tropical:) [Nothing took me by surprise but thy coming; i. e. I was surprised by thy coming; or] I knew not save thy coming; as though he said, nothing struck my رُوع but thy coming. (TA.) And خَرَجْتُ وَ مَا رَاعَنِى إِلَّا فُلَانٌ لِالبَابِ (assumed tropical:) [I went forth, and nothing took me by surprise but such a one at the door]; which is equivalent to saying, and lo, such a one was at the door. (Har p. 207.) And it is said in a trad. of I'Ab, فَلَمْ يَرُعْنِى إِلَّا رَجُلٌ آخِذٌ بِمَنْكِبِى, i. e. I knew not [save a man taking hold of, or seizing, my shoulder-joint]; as though he came upon him suddenly, or unexpectedly, without any previous appointment, and without knowledge, and so that event frightened him. (TA.) b3: [It affected his رُوع, i. e. heart, or mind, with admiration, or pleasure;] it excited his admiration and approval; it pleased him, or rejoiced him; (S, Msb, K;) said of beauty [&c.]. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., describing the people of Paradise, فَيَرُوعُهُ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ اللِّبَاسِ And what is upon him, of apparel, excites his admiration &c., by its beauty. (TA.) b4: [It (drink) cooled it, (namely, the heart,) or allayed its thirst.] A poet says, سَقَتْنِى شَرْبَةً رَاعَتْ فُؤَادِى

سَقَاهَا اللّٰهُ مِنْ حَوْضِ الرَّسُولِ [She gave me to drink a draught that cooled, or allayed the thirst of, my heart: may God give her to drink from the pool of the Apostle in Paradise]. (TA.) You say also, هٰذِهِ شَرْبَةٌ رَاعَ بِهَا فُؤَادِى [which may be rendered This is a draught by which he has cooled, or allayed the thirst of, my heart; and it is implied in the TA that this is the right meaning: or it means] this is a draught by which the thirst, or vehement thirst, of my heart has been allayed: (so accord. to the pointing in the copies of the K:) mentioned by Az. (TA.) A2: The verb from رَوَعٌ [q. v. infrà] is one and the same [whether trans. or intrans.; i. e., you say رَاعَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. رَوْعٌ, meaning “He,” or “it, excited his admiration and approval,” &c., as expl. above; and رَاعَ, app. with the same aor. and inf. n., meaning He possessed the quality of exciting admiration and approval by his beauty and the pleasingness of his aspect, or by his courage, &c.; and in like manner, رَاعَتْ, said of a woman]; the trans. verb [in this case] being like the trans. [in other cases], and the intrans. [in this case] like the intrans. [in other cases]: but the regular form, accord. to Az, of the [intrans.] verb hence derived is رَوِعَ, aor. ـْ inf. n. رَوَعٌ. (TA.) A3: رَاعَ فِى يَدِى

كَذَا: see art. ريع. b2: And رَاعَ, aor. ـُ and يَرِيعُ, inf. n. of the former رُوَاعٌ, and of the latter رَيْعٌ: see art. ريع.2 رَوَّعَ see 1, first sentence, in two places.5 تَرَوَّعَ see 1, in the former half of the paragraph.8 إِرْتَوَعَ see 1, in the former half of the paragraph, in two places. b2: ارتاع لِلْخَيْرِ i. q. ارتاح لَهُ [He was affected by alacrity, cheerfulness, briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness, disposing him to promptness to do good; he inclined to, and loved, doing good]. (Az.) رَوْعٌ [see 1, of which it is an inf. n. b2: ] Fright, or fear; (S, K;) as also ↓ رَوعٌ [accord. to some, but this seems to be little known]. (TA.) Hence the saying, أَفْرَخَ رَوْعُهُ His fright, or fear, departed. (S.) Az says, All the lexicologists whom I have met say أَفْرَخَ رَوْعُهُ, with fet-h to the ر [in روعه], except El-Mundhiree, who informs me that AHeyth used to say, It is only ↓ افرخ رَوْعُكَ, with damm. (TA.) Accord. to different relations of a trad., you say, ↓ أَفْرَخَ رُوعُكَ, meaning Fright, or fear, hath departed from thy heart; or may fright, or fear, depart from thy heart; (K, TA;) thus expl. by AHeyth; (TA;) and افرخ رَوْعُكَ, with fet-h; or this latter, only, is the right, and means what thou fearest hath quitted thee, and departed from thee, and become removed; or may what thou fearest quit thee, &c.; as though it were taken from the young bird's going forth from the egg, (K, TA,) and the darkness' becoming removed from it; thus expl. by Aboo-Ahmad El-Hasan Ibn-' Abd-Allah Ibn-Sa'eed El-' Askeree; and AO says that افرخ روعك [thus in the TA, without any syll. signs,] means let thy fright, or fear, depart, for the case is not as thou fearest it to be. (TA.) It is also said, in a trad. of Mo'áwiyeh, that he wrote in a letter to Ziyád, ↓ لِيُفْرِخْ رُوعُكَ, with damm; (K, TA;) but the opinion commonly obtaining with the leading lexicologists is, that it is with fet-h; except AHeyth, who relates it thus, with damm; (TA;) meaning Dismiss thou the رَوْع from thy رُوع; (K, TA;) i. e., the fright, or fear, from thy heart: (TA:) for you say أَفْرَخَتِ البَيْضَةُ when the young bird quits the egg; and رَوْع is fright, or fear, which does not depart from itself, but from its place, which is the رُوع, with damm; (AHeyth, K;) the رَوْع in the رُوع being like the young bird in the egg: in like manner also one says أَفْرَخَ فُؤَادُ الرَّجُلِ when a man's fright, or fear, departs: but Dhu-r-Rummeh, though knowing the meaning, has made an inversion, saying, قَدْ أَفْرَخَتْ عَنْ رُوعِهِ الكُرَبُ [for قَدْ أَفْرَخَ عَنِ الكُرَبِ رُوعُهُ His heart had freed itself from griefs]. (AHeyth, TA.) AHeyth adds, (TA,) one also says, عَنِ الأَمْرِ ↓ أَفْرِخَ رُوعَكَ, or عَلَى الأَمْرِ, [accord. to different copies of the K, the latter being the reading in the TA, but the former probably the right,] meaning [Free thy heart from the affair; i. e.] be thou tranquil, and without fear. (K, TA.) Az observes, What AHeyth says is clear; but I am averse from it because of his being alone in his saying; though sometimes later authorities correct things in which the earlier have erred; therefore the correctness of AHeyth may not be [absolutely] denied in this matter, seeing that he had an ample share of knowledge. (TA.) [See also art. فرخ, in several places.] b3: Also (tropical:) War, or battle; as in the phrase, شَهِدَ الرَّوْعَ (tropical:) [He witnessed, or was present at or in, war, or battle]. (TA.) [See also an ex. in a verse cited voce سَعَفٌ.]

رُوعٌ The heart: (S, Msb, K:) or the part thereof which is the place of رَوْع, i. e. fear: (K, * TA:) or the سَوَاد [or core, &c.,] thereof: (K:) and the mind: (S, Msb, K, * TA:) and the understanding; or intellect. (S, K.) See رَوْعٌ, in five places. You say, وَقَعَ ذٰلِكَ فِى رُوعِى That came into my mind. (S, Msb, * TA.) And it is said in a trad., إِنَّ الرُّوحَ نَفَثَ فِى رُوعِى [Verily the Trusted, or Trusty, Spirit (meaning Gabriel) inspired into my mind, or heart]. (S.) You say also, ثَابِ رُوعُهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He went to [app. a mistake for from] a thing, and then returned to it. (TA.) رَوَعٌ The quality of exciting admiration and approval by beauty (S, K) and pleasingness of aspect, or by courage; (K;) the quality denoted by the epithet أَرْوَعُ, applied to a man, (S, K, *) and رَوْعَآءُ, applied to a woman. (S.) [See also 1, near the end of the paragraph.]

رَوِعٌ: see رَائِعٌ; last sentence.

رَوْعَةٌ A fit of fright or fear: (S, K, TA:) pl. رَوَعَاتٌ; (TA;) which is applied by Tarafeh to the frights occasioned by a stallion-camel to a she-camel when he desires to cover her. (EM, p. 66.) It is said in a trad., فَأَعْطَاهُمْ بِرَوْعَةِ الخَيْلِ, meaning And he gave them something for the fright occasioned to their women and their children by the horsemen. (TA.) b2: A trait, or sign, or mark, of beauty [that affects the رُوع, or heart]: (IAar, K:) beauty that excites admiration and approval, or pleases, or rejoices. (TA.) رُوَاعُ الفُؤَادِ and رُوَاعَةُ الفُؤَادِ, applied to a she-camel, Quick, spirited, vigorous; sharp in spirit; syn. شَهْمَةٌ ذَكِيَّةٌ: (K:) and [in like manner]

↓ رَوْعَآءُ, applied to a she-camel and a mare, (S, K,) but not to a male [in this sense, i. e. its masc. form, أَرْوَعُ, is not thus used], (S,) sharp in spirit; syn. حَدِيدَةُ الفُؤَادِ: (S, K:) in the T, رُوَاعٌ, without ة, is applied as an epithet to a mare: and IAar says that ↓ رَوْعَآءُ, thus applied, is not from رَائِعَةٌ, but means one that is as though she were fearful, by reason of her sharpness, and briskness, or lightness, of spirit: he says also, that ↓ أَرْوَعُ, applied to a horse, is like this epithet applied to a man; and IB says, in art. عجس, that, applied to a man, it signifies quickly frightened or afraid: it is also applied to a heart, meaning that is frightened, [or startled,] by reason of its sharpness, at everything that is heard or seen; and so رُوَاعٌ. (TA.) [See also رَائِعٌ, and أَرْوَعُ mentioned and expl. therewith.]

رَائِعٌ [act. part. n. of رَاعَهُ, q. v.,] Frightening; putting in fear; making afraid; [and particu-larly] by its beauty and abundance or multitude. (Lth, TA.) b2: Applied to beauty, That excites admiration and approval in the رُوع [i. e. heart, or mind,] of him who beholds it, and pleases him, or rejoices him. (TA.) Applied to a man, (K, * TA,) as also ↓ أَرْوَعُ (S, K, TA) so applied, (S, TA,) Who excites admiration and approval by his beauty (S, K, TA) and pleasingness of aspect, (K, TA,) with generousness, or nobleness, and excellence, and lordly condition; (TA;) or by his courage: (K, TA:) or the former, beautiful in countenance, who excites admiration and approval by his pleasingness of aspect and by the goodliness of his form or figure or state of apparel and the like: or, as some say, who frightens men by his aspect, inspiring reverence or awe: but the former explanation is the more reasonable: and ↓ the latter epithet, a beautiful man, who excites admiration and approval in him who beholds him: or, as some say, sharp; lively in spirit, and sharp in intellect: (TA:) [see also the next preceding paragraph:] the fem. of the former is with ة: (TA:) that of the latter, ↓ رَوْعَآءُ: (S:) the pl. of رَائِعٌ is أَرْوَاعٌ, (K, * TA,) applied to men, like as رَوَائِعُ [the pl. of رَائِعَةٌ] is to women: (TA:) and the pl. of أَرْوَعُ and رَوْعَآءُ is ↓ رُوعٌ, (K, TA,) applied to men and to women. (TA.) You say also, فَرَسٌ رَائِعٌ A beautiful horse, that frightens (يُرُوعُ, i. e. يُخَوِّفُ, [or rather startles, but better rendered excites admiration and approval in, or pleases, or rejoices,]) the beholder by his beauty: (Mgh:) and فَرَسٌ رَائِعَةٌ, and ↓ رَوْعَآءُ, [but see, respecting the latter, a remark of IAar in the next preceding paragraph,] a mare that excites admiration and approval, or pleases, or rejoices, (تَرُوعُ,) by her generousness, or excellence, or high blood, and her description. (TA.) [See also art. ريع, to which, as well as to the present art., رَائِعٌ, applied to a horse, is said, in the TA, to belong.] And زِينَةٌ رَائِعَةٌ Beautiful ornament. (TA.) And كَلَامٌ رَائِعٌ (tropical:) Surpassing, or excelling, speech, or language. (TA.) A2: Also Frightened, or afraid; and so ↓ رَوِعٌ, with the و unaltered, as though it were of the measure فَعِيلٌ: [or both signify having fright or fear: for] each is a possessive epithet: or the former may be of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ [and therefore have the signification first given]. (TA.) أَرْوَعُ: fem. رَوْعَآءُ: pl. رُوعٌ: see the two paragraphs next preceding; the former in three places; the latter, in five.

رهق

1 رَهِقَهُ, (JK, S, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. رَهَقٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) He, or it, came upon, properly as a thing that covered, him, or it; or came to him, or it; syn. غَشِيَهُ: (S, K:) and (K) reached, or overtook, him, or it: (ElFárábee, Msb, K:) or it signifies, (K,) or signifies also, (S,) he drew near to, or approached, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) whether he took, or did not take, (S, K,) him, or it: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) or he followed him, and was near to reaching, or overtaking, him. (JK.) It is said in the Kur [x. 27], وَلَا يَرْهَقُ وَجُوهَهُمْ قَتَرٌ وَلَا ذِلَّةٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) And there shall not come upon, or overspread, their faces [blackness, or darkness, nor abjectness, or ignominy]. (S, TA.) And you say, رَهِقَهُ الدَّيْنُ, (Msb, TA,) or دَيْنٌ, (Mgh,) Debt, or a debt, came upon him. (Mgh, Msb, TA.) And رَهِقَتْنَا الصَّلَاةُ, (inf. n. رُهُوقٌ, Msb, or رَهَقٌ, TA,) (tropical:) The time of prayer came upon us. (Mgh, * Msb, TA.) And it is said in a trad., إِذَا صَلَّى

أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى الشَّىْءِ فَلْيَرْهَقْهُ, i. e. [When any one of you prays towards the thing,] let him come near to it. (JK, S. [In the Mgh, إِلَى سُتْرَةٍ

فَلْيَرْهَقْهَا, i. e. towards a thing that he has set up for that purpose, &c.]) One says also, طَلَبْتُ فُلَانًا حَتَّى رَهِقْتُهُ, inf. n. رَهَقٌ, I sought such a one until I drew near to him, and, as it sometimes means, took him, or, as it sometimes means, did not take him. (S.) And طَلَبْتُ الشَّىْءَ حَتَّى رَهِقْتُهُ وَكِدْتُ

آخُذُهُ أَوْ أَخَذْتُهُ [I sought the thing until I came near to it, and I almost took it, or I took it]. (Az, Msb.) And رَهَقَ شُخُوصُ فُلَانٍ, i. e. (assumed tropical:) [Such a one's going, or going forth or away,] drew near. (S.) ↓ أَرْهَقْتُهُ also signifies I drew near to it; syn. دَانَيْتُهُ. (Msb.) And one says, اللَّيْلُ ↓ أَرْهَقَكُمُ فَأَسْرِعُوا, i. e. (tropical:) The night has drawn near [to you, therefore hasten ye]; syn. دَنَا. (TA.) b2: Yousay also, رَهِقَهُ بِمَا يَكْرَهُ, inf. n. رَهَقٌ, He did to him that which he disliked, or hated. (JK.) b3: and رَهِقْتُ إِثْمًا: see 4.

A2: رَهِقَ as an intrans. v.: see رَهَقٌ, which is its inf. n., below.2 رُهِّقَ He was one to whom رَهَقٌ [q. v.] was attributed. (Mgh.) [He was one to whom ignorance was attributed; an object of suspicion in respect of his religion: (see the part. n., below:) or he was suspected of evil conduct.] It is said in a trad., صَلَّى عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ تُرَهَّقُ, (S, Mgh,) meaning [He prayed over a woman] suspected of evil conduct. (S.) 3 راهق, (S, Msb, K,) and راهق الحُلُمَ, (JK, Az, K, all in art. خلف,) inf. n. مُرَاهَقَةٌ, (Msb,) He (a boy) was, or became, near to attaining puberty, or virility; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ ارهق, inf. n. إِرْهَاقٌ. (Msb.) And راهقت العِشْرِينَ [She nearly attained the age of twenty]. (K in art. عصر.) 4 ارهقهُ طُغْيَانًا i. q. أَغْشَاهُ إِيَّاهُ [i. e. He made excessive disobedience to come upon him, properly as a thing that covered him]; (S, K;) and أَلْحَقَهُ بِهِ [i. e. made it to reach him, or overtake him, or befall him]. (K.) It is said in the Kur xviii.

79, فَخَشِينَا أَنْ يُرْهِقَهُمَا طُغْيَانًا وَكُفْرًا, meaning [And we disapproved] that he should make excessive disobedience, and ingratitude, to come upon them twain, by his undutiful conduct, so bringing evil upon them: or that he should couple with the faith of them twain his excessive disobedience and his ingratitude, so that there would be in one house two believers and one who was excessively disobedient and ungrateful: or that he should communicate to them twain his excessive disobedience and his ingratitude. (Ksh, Bd. [See also خَشِىَ.]) And one says, أَرْهَقَنِى فُلَانٌ إِثْمًا

↓ حَتَّى رَهِقْتُهُ, meaning Such a one made me to hear the burden of a sin, [as though he made the sin to come upon me as a burden,] so that I bore it. (S.) And أَرْهَقْتُ الرَّجُلَ أَمْرًا I made, required, or constrained, the man to bear, or endure, a thing, or an event. (Msb.) And راهقهُ عُسْرًا He made, required, or constrained, him to do a difficult thing: (Az, S, Mgh, K:) or he made a difficulty to come upon him, properly as a thing that covered him; syn. أَغْشَاهُ إِيَّاهُ. (Ksh and Bd in xviii. 72.) And ارهقهُ, alone, He demanded of him a difficult thing. (S, Msb, K.) You say, لَا تُرْهِقْنِى لَا أَرْهَقَكَ اللّٰهُ Demand not thou of me a difficult thing: may God not demand of thee a difficult thing. (Az, S, K.) And إِرْهَاقٌ signifies also The inciting, or urging, a man to do a thing that he is not able to do. (Az, K, TA.) b2: Yousay also, أَرْهَقْنَاهُمُ الخَّيْلَ We made the horsemen to overtake them, or come up with them: (TA:) or to be near doing so. (JK.) b3: And ارهق الصَّلَاةَ (tropical:) He delayed the prayer (JK, S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA) until it approached the other [next after it], (JK,) or until it almost approached the other, (Mgh, K, TA,) or until the time of the other approached. (S, Msb.) b4: And أَرْهَقْتُهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّىَ i. q. أَعْجَلْتُهُ عَنْهَا [i. e. I hurried him so as to prevent him from praying: see similar phrases in art. عجل]. (K.) b5: See also 1, near the end of the paragraph, in two places: b6: and see 3.

A2: ارهقت الدَّابَّةُ السَّرْجَ: see 4 in art. زهق.

رَهَقٌ The doing of forbidden things: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) wrongdoing; wrongful, unjust, in jurious, or tyrannical, conduct: (Fr, S, K:) it has this meaning in the Kur lxxii. 13, (S, TA,) accord. to Fr; or, as some say, the former mean ing: (TA:) the doing evil: (AA, K:) and a subst. from إِرْهَاقٌ signifying the inciting, or urging, a man to do a thing that he is not able to do: (Az, K:) lightwittedness; or lightness and hastiness of disposition or deportment; (S, K;) and excessive disobedience: so in the Kur lxxii. 6, (S, TA,) accord. to some: (TA:) foolishness, or stupidity: lightness, or levity: (K:) or ignorance, and lightness of intellect: (JK:) and illnature, or evil disposition: (TA:) and haste: (K:) and lying: (Mgh, K:) in all these senses, [i. e. in all that have been mentioned above as from the K, and app. in others also, above and below,] its verb is ↓ رَهِقَ, aor. ـَ [meaning He did forbidden things: acted wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically: &c.:] (K, TA:) of which it is the inf. n.: (TA:) and the following meanings also are assigned to it [app. by interpreters of the passages in which it occurs in the Kur]: sus picion, or evil opinion: and sin: accord. to Katádeh: lowness, vileness, or meanness; and weakness; accord. to Zj: error; accord. to Ibn El-Kelbee: and bad, or corrupt, conduct: and pride: and so ↓ رَهْقَةٌ, in these two senses: and the commission of a sin or crime or fault; syn. عَنَتٌ: and the act of reaching, or overtaking [app. of some evil accident]: and perdition. (TA.) رَهِقٌ A man in whose conduct, or character, is رَهَقٌ [expl. above: i. e. one who does forbidden things: &c.]: (O:) hasty: quick to do evil: and self-conceited; proud, or haughty. (TA.) and رَهِقَةٌ A vitious woman; or an adulteress, or a fornicatress. (TA.) رَهْقَةٌ: see رَهَقٌ.

يَعْدُو الرَّهَقَى He runs quickly, so as to require his pursuer to do what is difficult or what is beyond his power (حَتَّى يُرْهِقَ طَالِبَهُ, or, as in the CK, حتّى يُرْهَقَ طَالِبُهُ [which is virtually the same]): (M, K, TA:) or he runs quickly, so that he almost reaches, or overtakes, (حتّى يَكَادَ يَرْهَقُ,) the object of his pursuit. (JK.) رُهْقَانُ مِائَةٍ: see what next follows.

رُهَاقُ مِائَةٍ and رِهَاقُ مِائِةٍ As many as a hundred; (Az, ISk, JK, S, K;) as also مائة ↓ رُهْقَانُ: (so in one of my copies of the S:) such are said to be a man's camels, (JK,) or such is said to be a company of men. (Az, ISk, S.) رَهُوقٌ A wide-stepping, and quick, or excellent, she-camel, that comes upon him who leads her so as almost to tread upon him with her feet. (En Nadr, K.) رَهِيقٌ Wine: (K:) a dial. var. of رَحِيقٌ, like as مَدْهٌ is of مَدْحٌ. (TA.) رَاهِقٌ applied to a boy, and رَاهِقَةٌ applied to a girl, From ten to eleven years old. (TA.) [See also مُرَاهِقٌ.]

رَيْهُقَانٌ Saffron. (JK, IDrd, S, K.) مُرْهَقٌ Reached, or overtaken, (JK, S, O, K,) to be slain. (S, O.) b2: Straitened. (Ham p. 682.) أَتَيْنَا فِى العُصَيْرِ المُرْهِقَةِ (tropical:) [app. We came when the time of the afternoon-prayer was drawing near; العُصَيْر being the dim. of العَصْرُ: see the phrase أَرْهَقَكُمُ اللَّيْلُ فَأَسْرِعُوا, near the end of the first paragraph]. (TA.) مُرَهَّقٌ One to whom men come (S, K, TA) often, (TA,) and at whose abode guests alight. (JK, S, K, * TA.) b2: Also One to whom رَهَقٌ [q. v.] is attributed: (JK, K:) [said in the TA to have no verb; but this is not the case: see 2:] one of whom evil is thought: (JK, S, K:) or who is suspected of evil, or of lightwittedness: (TA:) one to whom ignorance is attributed: (Mgh;) an object of suspicion in respect of his religion: (Mgh, TA:) corrupt [in conduct]: one in whom is sharpness [of temper] and lightwittedness. (TA.) مُرَاهِقٌ Near to attaining puberty; applied to a boy: (JK, Mgh, TA:) and with ة applied to a girl. (TA.) [See also رَاهِقٌ.] b2: [Hence,] دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ مُرَاهِقًا (tropical:) He entered Mekkeh nearly at the end of the [proper] time [to do so as a pilgrim], so that he almost missed the halt at 'Arafát. (Nh, O, K, TA.) And صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ مُرَاهِقًا (tropical:) He performed the noon-prayer nearly missing the time. (TA.)

رسن

1 رَسَنَ الفَرَسَ (S,) or الدَّابَّةَ, (M, Msb, *) and النَّاقَهَ, (M, K, *) aor. ـُ and رَسِنَ, (M, Msb, K,) inf. n. رَسْنٌ; (M, Msb;) and ↓ ارسن; (S, M, Msb, K;) He tied the horse [or the beast and the she-camel] with the رَسَن [q: v.]: (S:) or he bound upon the [horse or] beast [or she-camel] its رَسَن: (Msb:) or he made for, or put to, the [horse or] beast or she-camel a رَسَن: (M, * K: [in the former it is merely indicated that the two verbs signify the same:]) or the former verb [in the CK the latter verb] has the first signification; (M, K, TA;) and the latter verb has the last signification; (M, TA;) thus resembling حَزَمَ and أَحْزَمَ. (TA.) b2: And رَسَنَ الدَّابَّةَ, and ↓ ارسنها, He left the beast to itself, to pasture as it pleased. (TA.) 4 أَرْسَنَ see above, in two places.

A2: Also ارسن المُهْرُ The colt was, or became, submissive, manageable, or tractable, and gave its head. (TA.) رَسَنٌ A rope, or cord: (S, M, Msb, K:) or [a halter; i. e.] a rope, or cord, with which a camel [or a horse (see 1)] is led: (TA:) and such of the [reins, or leading-ropes, termed] أَزِمَّة [pl. of زِمَامٌ] as is upon the nose; (M;) [in other words,] such a زِمَام as is upon a nose: (K:) pl. أِرْسَانٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and أَرْسُنٌ, (M, Msb, K,) [both properly pls. of pauc.,] and sometimes they said رُسُنٌ; (Msb;) or, accord. to Sb, it has no other pl. than أَرْسَانٌ; (M, Msb;) [but perhaps he meant of pauc., for SM says,] Sb disallowed أَرْسُنٌ. (TA.) A poet says, (S,) namely, Ibn-Mukbil, (TA,) هَرِيتٌ قَصِيرُ عِذَارِ الِلّجَامِ

أَسِيلٌ طَوِيلُ عِذَارِ الرَّسّنْ [Wide-mouthed, short in the cheek-straps of the bridle (or headstall): smooth and long in the cheek, long in the appertenance of the halter corresponding to the cheek-straps of the bridle or headstall; because this appertenance is longer than are the cheek-straps of the bridle or headstall]. (S, TA.) مّرَّ الصَّعَالِيكِ بِأَرْسَانِ الخَيْلِ [As the passing along of the robbers with the halters of the horses] is a prov., applied to an affair, or event, that is quick and uninterrupted. (TA.) And one says, رَمَى بِرَسَنِهِ عَلَى غَارِبِهِ [He threw his leading-rope upon his withers], meaning (assumed tropical:) he left his way free, or open, to him; so that God did not withhold him from that which he desired to do. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] رَسَنُ البَازِى [The leash of the hawk]. (A in art. رود.) A2: [The pl.]

أَرْسَانٌ also signifies Rugged and hard tracts of ground. (K, * TA.) رَاسَنٌ A certain plant, resembling the plant called زَنْجَبِيل [i. e. ginger]; (M;) i. q. قَنَسٌ; [both of which names are applied to the inula helenium, common inula, or elecampane; also called in the present day زَنْجَبِيلٌ شَامِىٌّ;] a Pers\. word [arabicized]. (K.) مَرْسِنٌ (S, M, K) and مَرْسَنٌ, (M, K,) or the latter should be مِرْسَنٌ, [but I think this doubtful,] thus written in some of the copies of the S, and in both ways in the L, (TA,) The part, of the nose of the horse, which is the place of the رَسَن: (S:) or the nose of a solid-hoofed animal: this is the primary signification: (M:) then, by a secondary application, (S, M,) the nose (S, M, K) in an absolute sense, (M, K,) or, of a human being: (S:) pl. مَرَاسِنُ (TA) [which, as stated by Freytag, is used in a sing. sense, in the Deewán of Jereer, as meaning the nose]. سَلِسُ المَرْسِنِ, a phrase used by the poet El-Jaadee, means (assumed tropical:) Easy to be led, tractable, or compliant. (TA.) And you say, فَعَلْتُ ذٰلِكَ عَلَى رَغْمِ مَرْسِنِهِ (assumed tropical:) [I did that against his wish; in spite of him; or notwithstanding his dislike, or disapproval, or hatred; like as you say, عَلَى رَغْمِ أَنْفِهِ]. (S.) مَرْسُونٌ A horse [or the like] tied with the رسن: (S:) [or having a رَسَن bound upon him or attached to him, or made for him: see 1.] Yousay, أَجْرَرْتُ المَرْسُونَ رَسَنَهُ I made the haltered beast to drag his halter. (TA.) المَرْسِينُ [The myrtle-tree;] i. q. رَيْحَانُ القُبُورِ: of the dial. of Egypt. (TA.) [Also mentioned in art. مرس: for some hold the م to be augmentative; and some, the ن.]

سوك

1 سَاكَ الشَّىْءَ, (IDrd, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. سُوْكٌ, (IDrd, O, Msb,) He rubbed the thing, or rubbed it well. (IDrd, O, Msb, K.) b2: See also 2.

A2: And see 6.2 سوّك فَاهُ, (S, O, Msb,) or سوّك فَمَهُ بِالعُودِ, (K,) inf. n. تَسْوِيكٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) and ↓ سَاكَهُ, (O, K,) aor. and inf. n. as in the first paragraph, (O,) or inf. n. سِوَاكٌ; (Msb; [there said to be an inf. n., as well as a subst. syn. with مِسْوَاكٌ, but without the mention of its verb;]) and ↓ استاك and ↓ تسوَك, these two used without the mention of the mouth (S, O, Msb, K) or the stick; (K;) [He rubbed and cleaned his teeth with the سِوَاك, or مِسْوَاك.]5 تَسَوَّكَ see the next preceding paragraph.6 تَسَاوُكٌ and سِوَاكٌ [each an inf. n., the verb of the latter, if it have one, being app. ↓ سَاكَ,] A weak manner of going: or a bad manner of going, resulting from slowness or emaciation: (K, TA:) so says ISk. (TA.) One says, جَآءَتِ الإِبِلُ تَسَاوَكُ, [for تَتَسَاوَكُ,] i. e. The camels came inclining from side to side, in consequence of weakness, in their going along. (S, O.) [Or]

تساوكت الإِبِلُ means The camels had an agitation of their necks in consequence of leanness. (IF, Msb.) In the M it is said that جَآءَت الغَنَمُ مَاتَسَاوَكُ means The sheep, or goats, came, not moving their heads, in consequence of weakness. (TA.) 8 إِسْتَوَكَ see 2.

سِوَاكٌ and ↓ مِسْوَاكٌ signify the same; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) i. e. A tooth-stick; a piece of stick with which the teeth are rubbed [and cleaned, the end being made like a brush by beating or chewing it so as to separate the fibres]; (K, * TA;) [commonly] a piece of stick of the [kind of tree called] أَرَاك: (Msb:) accord. to IDrd, derived from سُكْتُ الشَّىْءَ meaning “ I rubbed, or rubbed well, the thing; ” (O, Msb;) accord. to IF, from تساوكت الإِبِلُ [expl. above]: (Msb:) accord. to Lth, (T, TA,) سِوَاكٌ is masc. and fem., (IDrd, T, M, O, K,) though it is the more approvable way to make it masc.; (O;) but Az holds this to be a mistake, and the word to be masc. [only]; and Hr says that this assertion of Lth is one of his foul mistakes: (TA:) its pl. is سُوُكٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and سُوْكٌ (Az, TA) and سُؤُكٌ, (AHn, TA,) and [of pauc.] أَسْوِكَةٌ; and the pl. of ↓ مِسْوَاكٌ is مَسَاوِيكُ. (TA.) In the saying, in a trad., خَيْرُ خِلَالِ الصَّائِمِ السِّوَاكُ, a prefixed n. is [said to be] suppressed [so that the meaning is The best of the habits, or customs, of the faster is the use of the tooth-stick: but see 2, where سِوَاكٌ is said, on the authority of the Msb, to be also an inf. n.].

مِسْوَاكٌ: see سِوَاكٌ, in two places.

شنج

1 شَنِجَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. شَنَجٌ; and ↓ تشنّج, (S, A, Mgh, K,) and ↓ انشنج, (S, K,) and ↓ اشنج; (TA;) said of the skin (S, Mgh, K) in consequence of the touch [or proximity] of fire [&c.], (Mgh,) and of the face, and of a member or limb, (A,) of a finger, &c., (TA,) It contracted, shrank, shrivelled, or wrinkled; or became contracted or shrunk &c. (S, A, Mgh, K, TA.) [↓ تَشَنُّجٌ is often used as meaning Spasmodic contraction of a muscle &c.] And one says, ↓ فِى أَعْضَائِهِ تَشَنُّجٌ and ↓ تَشْنِيجٌ [In his limbs, or members, is a contraction]. (A.) 2 شنّجهُ, inf. n. تَشْنِيجٌ, He [or it] contracted, shrunk, shrivelled, or wrinkled, it; namely, the skin [&c.]. (S, K.) See 1, last sentence. One says also, شنّج الخَيَّاطُ القَبَآءَ [The tailor puckered the tunic]. (A. [In the Mgh, the wrinkling around the anus is said to be like the تَشْنِيج of the قَبَآء.]) 4 أَشْنَجَ see 1.5 تَشَنَّجَ see 1, in three places; and see مُشَنَّجٌ.7 إِنْشَنَجَ see 1.

شَنَجٌ inf. n. of 1. (S &c.) A2: Also A camel: (Lth, IDrd, K:) or a heavy camel. (L in art. غنج.) غَنَجٌ عَلَىشَنَجٍ is a phrase of the tribe of Hudheyl, meaning A man upon a camel: (Lth, IDrd, O:) or a man, or an old man, upon a heavy camel. (L in art. غنج.) b2: It is also said, in the L, that it signifies An old man, in the dial. of Hudheyl. (TA.) شَنِجٌ, applied to the skin &c., Contracted, shrunk, shrivelled, or wrinkled. (TA.) And, applied to a man, Contracted, &c., in the skin, and in the arm, or hand; as also ↓ أَشْنَجُ. (M, TA.) And يَدٌ شَنِجَةٌ means ضَيَّقَةُ الكَفِّ [i. e. An arm contracted, or narrow, in the hand; or a hand contracted, &c., in the palm, or in the palm and fingers]. (TA.) شَنِجُ النَّسَا means Contracted in the عِرْق called النسا [app., in this instance, the sciatic nerve]: (TA:) it is an epithet of commendation applied to a horse; because, when he is contracted therein, his hind legs are not relaxed: (S, K:) or it is an epithet of com-mendation applied to a horse of good breed; but not so when applied to a hackney: it is also applied to some other animals, that do not walk with freedom; to a gazelle, and to a wolf: (T, TA:) and sometimes to the raven, or crow, (T, S,) which hops as though it were shackled. (T, TA.) أَشْنَجُ: see شَنِجٌ. b2: شَنِجٌ أَشْنَجُ and ↓ شَنِجٌ مُشَنَّجٌ are expressions sometimes used; [أَشْنَجُ being syn. with شَنِجٌ, as shown above, and in this case a corroborative; and] ↓ مُشَنَّجٌ [when thus used] meaning Intensely contracted or shrunk &c. (Lth, TA.) A2: Also Having one of his testicles smaller than the other; like أَشْرَجُ, which is more approved. (TA.) مُشَنَّجٌ: see أَشْنَجُ, in two places. b2: قَبَآءٌ مُشَنَّجٌ [A puckered tunic: see 2]. (A, Mgh.) سَرَاوِيلُ مُشَنَّجَةٌ, mentioned in a trad., in which they are forbidden, are said to be Such [drawers, or trousers,] as are so ample that they fall down upon the boot so as to cover half of the foot; as though meaning that, being ample and long, they cease not to rise, and become puckered (↓ فَتَتَشَنَّجُ). (TA.)

شرح

1 شَرَحَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. شَرْحٌ, (S, O,) He uncovered, laid open, displayed, exposed to view, discovered, revealed, or disclosed. (S, O, K.) b2: [Hence,] one says, شَرَحَ أَمْرَهُ (tropical:) He showed, discovered, disclosed, or made apparent, his affair, or case. (A, TA.) And شَرَحَ مَسْأَلَةً (A, TA) (tropical:) He explained a question; (TA;) he explained, or made manifest, the answer to a question. (A.) And شَرَحَ الغَامِضَ (assumed tropical:) He expounded, explained, or interpreted, what was obscure, recondite, or abstruse. (S, O.) And شَرَحَ الحَدِيثَ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) He expounded, explained, or interpreted, the tradition; showed, or made apparent, its meaning. (Msb.) b3: And شَرَحَ, aor. as above, (K,) and so the inf. n., (O, TA,) He opened (O, K, TA) a thing of any kind, of any substance or material. (TA.) b4: (tropical:) He defloured a virgin: (O, K, TA:) or (tropical:) he compressed a woman, (A, L,) or a virgin, (K,) lying on her back; (A, L, K;) or he threw, or laid, upon her back, and then compressed, his female slave, or young woman. (O, L.) b5: He widened, or dilated, a thing. (K.) b6: Hence, (TA,) شَرَحَ اللّٰهُ صَدْرَهُ, (S, A, Mgh, O, Msb, TA,) aor. as above, (TA,) and so the inf. n., (Msb, TA,) (assumed tropical:) God dilated his bosom, (Mgh, O, Msb, TA,) لِقَبُولِ الخَيْرِ [for the acceptance, or favourable acceptance, of what was good], (O, TA,) and لِلْإِسْلَامِ (Mgh, Msb, TA) for the acceptance, or favourable acceptance, [of El-Islám, or] of the truth, (Msb, TA,) as in the Kur [xxxix. 23]. (TA. [Said in the TA to be tropical; but not so in the A, being mentioned in the latter as proper.]) [And hence, an objective complement being app. understood,] فُلَانٌ يَشْرَحُ

إِلَى الدُّنْيَا (tropical:) Such a one manifests desire for the things of the present world: (A:) or such a one becomes dilated in the bosom at the prospect of the things of the present world, and desirous of acquiring them, with large desire. (O, * L.) and مَا لِى أَرَاكَ تَشْرَحُ إِلَى كُلِّ رِيبَةٍ (tropical:) What aileth me that I see thee manifesting desire for everything occasioning doubt, or suspicion, or evil opinion? (A, TA.) b7: Also He cut; and so ↓ شرّح. (K.) You say, شَرَحَ اللَّحْمَ, (A, O, Msb, TA,) inf. n. as above; (O;) and ↓ شرّحهُ, (A, O, Msb, TA,) inf. n. تَشْرِيحٌ; (S, O, TA;) the former meaning He cut the flesh-meat lengthwise [or into an oblong slice or into such slices]: and the latter, he so cut it much or into many [such] pieces [or slices]: (Msb:) or the former, he cut the flesh-meat from the joint or limb: or both signify he cut the flesh-meat upon the bone: (L, TA:) or شَرْحُ اللَّحْمِ signifies تَصْفِيفُهُ; and so ↓ تَشْرِيحُهُ: (O:) or التَّصْفِيفُ is a kind of ↓ تَشْرِيح; i. e. the cutting a piece of flesh-meat thin, so that it is translucent by reason of its thinness, and then throwing it upon the live coals. (TA.) b8: Also, (K,) inf. n. as above, (O,) He understood (O, K) speech, or language. (TK.) b9: And شَرْحٌ also signifies The act of keeping, preserving, or guarding. (TA.) [And particularly The guarding of seed-produce from the birds; (see شَارِحٌ;) as also شِرَاحَةٌ; (see 1 in art. خفر, fourth sentence;) each an inf. n., of which the verb is شَرَحَ.]2 شَرَّحَ The inf. n. تَشْرِيحٌ signifies The expounding, explaining, or interpreting, well, language, or discourse. (KL.) b2: See also 1, latter half, in four places. b3: [Also The dissecting, or anatomizing, a body.]7 انشرح صَدْرُهُ (S, A, O) His bosom became dilated, (O,) [with joy or the like, or] لِلْإِسْلَامِ [for the acceptance, or favourable acceptance, of El-Islám]. (S.) 10 استشرح He asked for language to be expounded, explained, or interpreted, to him: or for flesh-meat to be cut for him in the manner termed شَرْحٌ. (O.) شَرْحٌ inf. n. of 1. (S, O, &c.) b2: [An exposition, explanation, or interpretation, in the form of a running commentary, comprising the entire text of the work which it expounds; distinguished from a حَاشِيَة, which is a commentary only on particular words and passages: pl. شُرُوحٌ.]

شَرْحَةٌ: see شَرِيحَةٌ. b2: شَرْحَةٌ مِنَ الظِّبَآءِ Flesh-meat of gazelles cut in the manner termed شَرْح [i. e. into oblong slices], (TA,) such as is brought in a dry state, just as it was, not مُقَدَّد [which means cut into strips and then dried by exposure to the sun]. (ISh, O, K, TA.) شَرَاحٌ The discovery, disclosure, or explanation, of an affair or a case: so in the prov., النَّجَاحُ مَعَ الشَّرَاحِ [The accomplishment of one's want is with the discovery, or disclosure, or explanation, thereof]; meaning, discover thou, or disclose, or explain, to me my affair, or case, for the doing so is one of the means of accomplishing my want: thus expl. by As. (Meyd. [In the TA, من is put in the place of مع. See a similar prov. voce سَرَاحٌ.]) شَرِيحٌ, applied to flesh-meat, i. q. ↓ مَشْرُوحٌ [i. e. Cut into oblong slices]. (O.) b2: See also شَرِيحَةٌ, in two places.

شُرَيْحٌ The vulva of a woman; (O, K;) and (K) so ↓ مَشْرَحٌ: (A, Mgh, K:) or a proper name for the vulva of a woman; like as رُمَيْحٌ is a proper name for “ the penis. ” (TA in art. رمح.

[Golius appears to have found in the K الحَرُّ in the place of الحِرُ.]) شَرِيحَةٌ A cut piece of flesh-meat, (S, A, O, K,) as also ↓ شَرِيحٌ and ↓ شَرْحَةٌ, (K,) such as is مَشْرُوح [or cut into oblong slices]; (O;) [i. e. an oblong slice of flesh-meat:] or a thin piece, or slice, of flesh-meat: (L, TA:) and any extended piece of fat flesh-meat; (S, O;) as also ↓ شَرِيحٌ: (S:) pl. of the first شَرَائِحُ. (A.) شَارِحٌ [An expositor, explainer, or interpreter, of a book or the like. b2: And] A keeper, or guardian. (TA.) In the dial. of El-Yemen, (O, TA,) A guardian of seed-produce from the birds (O, K, TA) amp;c. (O, TA.) مَشْرَحٌ: see شُرَيْحٌ. b2: [Also] The سَافِلَة [i. e. podex, or anus,] of a man. (O.) مَشْرُوحٌ: see شَرِيحٌ.

A2: Also The سَرَاب [or mirage]: (K: [In the CK, الشَّرَابُ is put in the place of السَّرَابُ:]) mentioned on the authority of Th: and مَسْرُوحٌ [q. v.] is a dial. var. thereof. (TA.)

شرق

1 شَرَقَتِ الشَّمْسُ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb,) inf. n. شُرُوقٌ (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and شَرْقٌ, (S, Msb,) The sun rose; (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ أَشْرَقَت: (K:) the sun rose from the east; and in like manner one says of the moon, and of the stars: (M:) or the sun rose so that its light began to fall upon the earth and trees: (T and TA in art. ذر:) and ↓ اشرقت signifies, as distinguished from شَرَقَت, (S, M, Mgh, Msb,) or signifies also, (K, TA,) for both verbs are correctly expl. in the K as above, (TA,) it shone, or gave its light, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) and spread (M, TA) upon the earth, or ground: (TA:) or, as some say, شَرَقَت, and ↓ اشرقت are syn., (M, Msb,) as meaning it (the sun) shone: (M:) and شَرْقٌ [as inf. n. of the former verb] signifies the shining of the sun. (K.) b2: And شَرَقَ النَّخْلُ, and ↓ اشرق, The palm-trees showed redness in their fruit: (M, K: *) or showed the colours of their dates. (AHn, M.) [See also شَرِقَ in what follows.]

A2: شَرَقَ الشَّاةَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O, Msb,) inf. n. شَرْقٌ, He slit the ear of the sheep, or goat, (S, O, Msb, K,) in the manner expl. voce شَرْقَآءُ. (Msb.) b2: And شَرَقَ الثَّمَرَةَ, (Az, K,) inf. n. شَرْقٌ, (IAmb, Az, TA,) He plucked the fruit: (Az, K, TA:) or cut it. (IAmb, Az, TA.) One says in crying بَاقِلَّآء [or beans], شَرْقُ الغَدَاةِ طَرِىٌّ The cutting of the morning, fresh! meaning what has been cut, and picked, in the morning. (IAmb, Az, TA.) A3: شَرِقَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. شَرَقٌ, It (a place) was, or became, bright by reason of the sun's shining upon it; as also ↓ اشرق; (M, TA;) [whence,] الْأَرْضُ بِنُورِ رَبِّهَا ↓ وَأَشْرَقَتِ occurs in the Kur [xxxix. 69 as meaning And the earth shall shine with the light of its Lord]: (M:) [in other instances,] أَشْرَقَتِ الأَرْضُ means The earth was, or became, bright with the sunshine. (TA.) b2: [Hence, perhaps, or, though not immediately, from what here next follows, some other applications of this verb, to denote redness.] b3: شَرِقَ بِرِيقِهِ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and بِالمَآءِ, and the like, (M,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. شَرَقٌ, (M, Msb,) He (a man, M, Msb) was, or became, choked with his spittle, (S, M, Msb, K,) and with water, &c. (M.) [And جَرِضَ and غَصَّ and شَجِىَ are sometimes used in the same sense in relation to spittle &c.] b4: [Hence,] شَرِقَ الجُرْحُ بِالدَّمِ (assumed tropical:) The wound became [choked or] filled with blood. (Msb.) b5: And شَرِقَ المَوْضِعُ بِأَهْلِهِ (tropical:) The place became [choked or] filled and straitened by its occupants. (TA.) b6: And شَرِقَ الجَسَدُ بِالطِّيبِ (tropical:) [The body became choked in its pores with perfume]. (TA.) b7: [And شَرِقَ الثَّوْبُ بِالجَادِىِّ (assumed tropical:) The garment, or piece of cloth, became glutted, or saturated, with the dye of saffron: see the part. n. شَرِقٌ.] b8: and شَرِقَتْ عَيْنُهُ (tropical:) His eye became red [being surcharged with blood]; as also ↓ اِشْرَوْرَقَتٌ: (M, TA:) and so شَرِقَ الدَّمُ فِى عَيْنِهِ: (K, TA:) or this last signifies the blood appeared in his eye: (M:) and شَرِقَتْ بِالدَّمِ it (the eye) had the blood apparent in it, [as though it were choked therewith,] without its running from it. (TA.) b9: And شَرِقَ لَوْنُهُ, inf. n. شَرَقٌ, (assumed tropical:) His colour, or complexion, became red, by reason of shame, or shame and confusion. (TA.) b10: And [hence, app.,] شَرِقَ الشَّىْءُ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) The thing became intensely red, with blood, or with a beautiful red colour. (M, TA.) b11: and also (assumed tropical:) The thing became mixed, commingled, or blended. (M, TA.) b12: شَرِقَتِ الشَّمْسُ, inf. n. as above, means (tropical:) The sun had a duskiness blended with it, and it [app. the duskiness] then became little: (TA:) or it was near to setting: (M, K:) or became feeble in its light; (O, K;) app. from شَرِقٌ applied to flesh-meat as meaning “ red, having no grease, or gravy,” and applied to a garment, or piece of cloth, as meaning “ red, that has become glutted, or saturated, (شَرِقَ,) with dye; ”

because its colour, in the last part of the day, when it is setting, becomes red. (O.) b13: The phrase يُؤَخِّرُونَ الصَّلَاةَ إِلَى شَرَقِ المَوْتَى, (S, M, O, K, [in the CK, erroneously, شَرْقِ,]) occurring in a trad., (S, M, O,) in a saying of the Prophet, (O, K,) is expl. as meaning Who postpone, or defer, the prayer until there remains not, (S, M, O, K,) of the sun, (S,) or of the day, (M, O, K,) save as much as remains (S, M, O, K) of the life, (S,) or of the breath, (M, O, K, [but in the CK, نَفْسِ is put in the place of نَفَسِ,]) of the dying who is choked with his spittle: (S, M, O, K:) or the meaning is, until the sun is [but just] above the walls, and [diffusing its feeble light] among the graves (M, O, K *) as though it were a great expanse of water. (M, O.) Az says, يُكْرَهُ الصَّلَاةُ بِشَرَقِ المَوْتَى means Prayer is disapproved when the sun becomes yellow: and فَعَلْتُ ذٰلِكَ بِشَرَقِ المَوْتَى I did that when the sun was becoming yellow. (TA.) A4: شَرِقَتِ الشَّاةُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. شَرَقٌ, (S, Msb,) The sheep, or goat, had its ear slit (S, Msb, K) in the manner expl. voce شَرْقَآءُ. (Msb, K.) 2 شرّق, (TA,) inf. n. تَشْرِيقٌ, (S, O, K,) He took to the direction of the east, or place of sunrise: (S, O, K, TA:) he went to the east: he came to the east: (M, TA:) and he directed himself to the east. (TA.) b2: And He prayed at sunrise: and hence, app., He performed the prayer of the festival of the sacrifice: (TA:) or this meaning is from شَرَقَتِ الشَّمْسُ. (Mgh: it is also mentioned in the M.) b3: شرّقت الأَرْضُ, inf. n. as above, The land became affected with drought, and dryness of the earth, being [parched by the sun and] not reached by water: whence the term ↓ شَرَاقِىّ [q. v.] in the dial. of Egypt. (TA.) b4: تَشْرِيقٌ also signifies The being beautiful, and [sunny or] shining in face. (Sh, O, K.) A2: شرّق اللَّحْمَ, (M, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) He cut the flesh-meat into strips, and dried it in the sun, or spread it in the sun to dry: (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) or [simply] he cut it into pieces, and into strips. (Msb.) [In like manner also] تَشْرِيقُ الشَّعِيرِ signifies The throwing barley in a sunny place in order that it may dry. (Mgh.) And one says of the [wild] bull, يُشَرِّقُ مَتْنَهُ, meaning He exposes his back to the sun in order that what is upon it of the dew of night may dry: in this sense the phrase is used by Aboo-Dhu-eyb. (M.) b2: أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ is an appellation of The three days next after the day of sacrifice: (S, M, O, Msb:) [i. e. the eleventh and twelfth and thirteenth days of Dhu-l-Hijjeh:] these days were so called because the flesh of the victims was therein cut into strips, and dried in the sun, or spread in the sun to dry: (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K: *) or because the victims were not sacrificed until the sun rose: (IAar, S, O, K:) or from the prayer of the day of sacrifice, which they follow: (Mgh:) or because they used to say, [on that day,] (S, M, O,) in the Time of Ignorance, (M,) ثَبِيرْ كَيْمَا نُغِيرْ ↓ أَشْرِقْ, (S, M, O,) which means Enter thou upon the time of sunrise, Thebeer, (addressing one of the mountains of Mekkeh, M, * Mgh,) that we may push, or press, on, or forward, (M, Mgh, Msb,) to return from Minè: (M: [see also 4 in art. غور:]) Aboo-Haneefeh used to hold that التَّشْرِيق means التَّكْبِير [i. e. the saying اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرْ]; but none beside him has held this opinion. (TA.) It is said in a trad. that the days thus called are days of eating and drinking, and of celebrating the praises of God. (O.) b3: شرّق الثَّوْبَ (assumed tropical:) He made [or dyed] the garment, or piece of cloth, yellow: (Ibn-'Abbád, O:) [or he dyed it red: (see the pass. part. n., below:)] or تَشْرِيقٌ signifies the dyeing with saffron, (M, L,) so that the thing dyed is saturated, (L,) or not so that the thing is saturated: (so in a copy of the M:) it is not with safflower. (M, L. [See also 4, last signification.]) A3: شرّق الَحْوَض is sometimes said for صَرَّجَهُ, meaning He plastered the watering-trough, or tank, with شَارُوق [q. v.], or صَارُوج. (M in art. صرج.) 4 اشرق: see 1, in six places. One says also, اشرق وَجْهُهُ, (S,) and لَوْنُهُ, (M,) His face, (S,) and his colour, or complexion, (M,) shone, (S, M,) and was bright, with beauty. (S.) b2: Some allow its being made trans.; [meaning It caused, or made, to shine;] as in the saying, ثَلَاثَةٌ تُشْرَقُ الدُّنْيَا بِبَهْجَتِهَا شَمْسُ الضُّحَى وَأَبُو إِسْحَاقَ والقَمَرُ [There are three things, with the beauty of which the world is made to shine; the sun of the bright early morning, and Aboo-Is-hák, and the moon]: but there is no proof in this, because [the right reading may be تُشْرِقُ, and so] الدنيا may be an agent; therefore the making the verb trans. [in this sense] is said to be post-classical, though it is mentioned by the author of the Ksh. (MF, TA.) b3: It signifies also He entered upon the time of sunrise: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) similarly to أَفْجَرَ, and أَصْبَحَ, and أَظْهَرَ. (TA.) See 2.

A2: اشرق عَدُوَّهُ He caused his enemy to become choked [with his spittle, or with water, or the like: see 1]. (O, K.) And أَشْرَقْتُ فُلَانًا بِرِيقِهِ (tropical:) [I choked the utterance, or impeded the action, of such a one;] I did not allow such a one to say, or to do, a thing. (Z, TA.) b2: اشرق الثَّوْبَ بِالصِّبْغِ, (Moheet, A, O,) or فِى الصِّبْغِ, (K,) (tropical:) He exceeded the usual degree in dyeing the garment, or piece of cloth; [saturated it with dye;] or dyed it thoroughly. (K, TA. [See also 2, last signification but one.]) 5 تشرّق He sat in a sunny place (S, O, K) [at any season, (see مَشْرُقَةٌ,) or particularly] in winter. (O, K.) b2: And تشرّقوا They looked through the مِشْرِيق of the door, i. e. the chink thereof into which the light of the rising sun falls. (O.) 7 انشرقت القَوْسُ The bow split. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) 12 اِشْرَوْرَقَتْ عَيْنُهُ: see 1, latter half. b2: اِشْرَوْرَقَ بِالدَّمْعِ (tropical:) He became drowned in tears. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, TA.) شَرْقٌ [an inf. n.: see 1, first sentence. b2: Also] The sun; (S, O, K;) and so ↓ شَرَقٌ: (K, and thus in one of my copies of the S in the place of the former:) [or] ↓ شَرْقَةٌ has this signification: (M, Msb:) and شَرْقٌ signifies the rising sun; (M, TA;) as some say; (M;) thus accord. to AA and IAar; (TA;) and so ↓ شَرَقٌ, (M, Msb,) and ↓ شَرْقَةٌ, and ↓ شَرِقَةٌ, (M, K,) and ↓ شَرَقَةٌ, (TA,) and ↓ شَارِقٌ, (S, * M, K,) and ↓ شَرِيقٌ: (M, K:) one says, طَلَعَتِ الشَّرْقُ The sun rose; (S, M, O; in one of my copies of the S ↓ الشَّرَقُ;) but not غَرَبَتِ الشَّرْقُ: (M:) and ↓ آتِيكَ كُلَّ شَارِقٍ I will come to thee every day that the sun rises: or, as some say, شَارِقٌ signifies the upper limb (قَرْن) of the sun: (M:) and one says, لَا آتِيكَ مَا ذَرَّ شَارِقٌ [I will not come to thee as long as a sun, or the upper limb of a sun, rises, or begins to rise]. (S, M.) b3: See also مَشْرِقٌ, in three places. b4: Also A place where the sun shines (حَيْثُ تُشْرِقُ الشَّمْسُ). (K.) See مَشْرُقَةٌ. b5: The warmth of the sun. (TA.) b6: The light that enters from the chink of a door; (IAar, Th, K;) as also ↓ شِرْقٌ. (K.) In a trad. of I'Ab, (TA,) it is said of a gate in Heaven, called ↓ المِشْرِيقُ [q. v.], قَدْ رُدَّ حَتَّى مَا بَقِىَ إِلَّا شَرْقُهُ (O, K, TA) i. e. It had been closed so that there remained not save its light entering from the chink thereof: so says I'Ab. (O, TA.) b7: And A chink, or fissure. (K, TA.) One says, مَا دَخَلَ شَرْقَ فَمِى شَىْءٌ Nothing entered the chink of my mouth. (Z, TA.) A2: Also A certain bird, (Sh, M, K,) one of the birds of prey, (M,) between the kite and the hawk, or falcon, (Sh, K,) or between the kite and the [species of falcon called] شَاهِين [q. v.]: (O:) pl. شُرُوقٌ. (M.) شِرْقٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَرَقٌ [inf. n. of شَرِقَ, q. v. b2: And also a subst.]: see شَرْقٌ, in three places. b3: Also A thing [such as spittle and the like (see شَرِقَ)] obstructing, or choking, the throat, or fauces. (S, and Har p.

477.) شَرِقٌ A place bright by reason of the sun's shining upon it; as also ↓ مُشْرِقٌ. (M, TA.) b2: A man choked with his spittle, or with water, or the like. (M, TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A plant, or herbage, having plentiful irrigation; or flourishing and fresh, or juicy, by reason of plentiful irrigation; syn. رَيَّانُ. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, red; that is glutted, or saturated, [so I render اَلَّذِى شَرِقَ,] with dye: (O:) and شَرِقٌ بِالجَادِىِّ applied to a garment, or piece of cloth, [app. signifies (assumed tropical:) glutted, or saturated, with the dye of saffron: see also مُشَرَّقٌ, and see 4.] (TA.) One says also صَرِيعٌ شَرِقٌ بِدَمِهِ (assumed tropical:) [Prostrated,] dyed with his blood. (M, TA.) b5: (tropical:) Flesh-meat (S, M, O, TA) that is red, (M, O, TA,) having no grease, or gravy. (S, M, O, TA.) b6: (assumed tropical:) A thing intensely red, with blood, or with a beautiful red colour. (M.) b7: And (assumed tropical:) A thing mixed, commingled, or blended. (M.) شَرْقَةٌ: see شَرْقٌ, in two places: b2: and see مَشْرُقَةٌ, in two places.

شُرْقَةٌ (assumed tropical:) Anxiety, grief, or anguish; syn. in Pers\.

أَنْدُوهْ. (KL.) شَرَقَةٌ: see شَرْقٌ: b2: and see مَشْرُقَةٌ.

A2: Also A brand with which a sheep, or goat, such as is termed شَرْقَآء, is marked. (O, K.) شَرِقَةٌ: see شَرْقٌ.

شَاةٌ شَرْقَآءُ A sheep, or goat, having its ear slit (S, Mgh, O, K) lengthwise, (K,) without its being separated: (TA:) or having the ear slit in two, (As, Msb, TA,) as though it were a زَنَمَة [q. v.]: (As, TA:) or شَرْقَآءُ applied to an ear signifies cut at its extremities, without having anything thereof separated: and applied to a she-goat (مَعْزَة), having its ear slit lengthwise, without its being separated: and, as some say, applied to a شاة, having the inner part of its ear slit on one side with a separating slitting, the middle of its ear being left sound: or, accord. to Aboo-'Alee in the “ Tedhkireh,” شَرْقَآءُ signifies having its ears slit with two slits passing through, so as to become three distinct pieces. (M.) شَرْقِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, the east, or place of sunrise; eastern, or oriental]. b2: لَا شَرْقِيَّةِ وَلَا غَرْبِيَّةٍ, (K, TA,) in the Kur [xxiv. 35], (TA,) meansNot such that the sun shines upon it at its rising only (Fr, K, TA) nor at its setting only, (Fr, TA,) but such that the sun lights upon it morning and evening: (Fr, K, TA:) or, accord. to El-Hasan, it means not of the trees of the people of the present world, but of the trees of the people of Paradise: Az, however, says that the former explanation is more fit and more commonly receive. (TA.) And مَكَانٌ شَرْقِىٌّ signifies A place, of the earth, or ground, in, or upon, which the sun rises, or shines. (TA.) See also شَارِقٌ [and شَرِقٌ and مَشْرُقَةٌ].

A2: Also A certain red dye. (TA.) شَرِيقٌ: see شَرْقٌ. b2: Also A boy, or young man, goodly, or beautiful, (K, TA,) in face: (TA:) pl. شُرُقٌ, (K, TA, [in the CK شَرْقٌ, but correctly]) with two dammehs. (TA.) b3: And A woman small in the vulva: (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K:) or having her vagina and rectum united by the rending of the separation between them; syn. مُفْضَاةٌ. (M, K.) b4: And الشَّرِيقُ is the name of A certain idol. (M, TA.) شُرَيْقَة The first part of the rising sun. (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees.) See also شَارِقٌ, voce شَرْقٌ.]

شَرَاقِىُّ [The lands that are not reached by the water, or inundation, and that are consequently parched by the sun]: a word of the dial. of Egypt. (TA.) See 2.

شَارِقٌ: see شَرْقٌ, in two places. b2: Also The side that is next the east; (O;) the eastern side; (K;) of a hill, and of a mountain: you say, هٰذَا شَارِقُ الجَبَلِ and ↓ شَرْقِيُّهُ [This is the eastern side of the mountain], and هذا غَارِبُ الجَبَلِ and غَرْبِيُّهُ [in the opposite sense]: (TA:) pl. شُرْقٌ. (O, K.) Hence, in a trad., as some relate it, الشُّرْقُ الجُونُ [meaning (assumed tropical:) Trials, or conflicts and factions, like portions of the dark night, rising from the direction of the east]: but it is otherwise related, with ف [in the place of the ق: see شَارِفٌ]. (TA.) b3: And الشَّارِقُ is the name of A certain idol, of the Time of Ignorance; (IDrd, M, K;) whence عَبْدُ الشَّارِقِ, a proper name [of a man]. (IDrd, M.) A2: Also [if not a mistranscription for شَارُوقٌ, q. v., app. Clay, or some other substance or mixture, with which a place is plastered,] مَا يُطَيَّنُ بِهِ مَكَانٌ. (Ibn-' Abbád, O.) شَارُوقٌ signifies [The kind of plaster called]

كِلْسٌ, [q. v.,] (Kr, M,) i. q. صَارُوجٌ. (K. [See this last word: and see also the last sentence of the next preceding paragraph above.]) مَشْرَقٌ: see what next follows.

مَشْرِقٌ (S, M, O, Msb, K,) which by rule should be ↓ مَشْرَقٌ, (M, Msb,) but this latter is rarely used, (Msb,) The place, (M,) or quarter, or direction, (Msb,) of sunrise; (M, Msb;) [the east, or orient;] and ↓ شَرْقٌ signifies the same; (S, M, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ مِشْرِيقٌ: (Seer, M:) the pl. of the first is مَشَارِقُ; and the pl. of ↓ شَرْقٌ is أَشْرَاقٌ. (M.) The dual, المَشْرِقَانِ, means The place of sunrise of summer and that of winter [E. 26 degrees N. and E. 26 degrees S. in Central Arabia]. (S, O, TA.) And also The place of sunrise and the place of sunset; [or the east and the west;] (M, O;) the former being thus made predominant because it denotes existence, whereas the latter denotes non-existence: (M:) thus in the saying, (M, O,) in the Kur [xliii. 37], (O,) يَا لَيْتَ بَيْنِى

وَبَيْنَكَ بُعْدَ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ [O, would that between me and thee were the distance of the east and the west]. (M, O.) And [in like manner] one says ↓ مَا بَيْنَ الشَّرْقَيْنِ, meaning What is between the place of sunrise and the place of sunset. (M.) b2: See also مَشْرُقَةٌ. b3: The saying, cited by IAar, قُلْتُ لِسَعْدٍ وَهْوَ بِالأَزْارِقِ عَلَيْكَ بِالمَحْضِ وَبِالمَشَارِقِ

he explains as meaning [I said to Saad, he being at El-Azárik (a certain water in the بَادِيَة, TA in art. زرق)], Keep thou [to pure milk, and] to the sun [or the places of sunshine] in winter: but [ISd says,] in my opinion, المَشَارِق is here pl. of ↓ مُشَرَّقٌ applied to flesh-meat that is “ [cut into strips and] spread in the sun [to dry]; ” and this is confirmed by his saying بالمحض, each of them being food. (M.) مُشْرِقٌ: see شَرِقٌ. b2: Also Entering upon the time of sunrise: the pl. occurs in this sense in the Kur xv. 73 and xxvi. 60. (TA.) مَشْرُقَةٌ and مَشْرَقَةٌ (S, M, O, K) and مَشْرِقَةٌ, (M, O, K,) the last mentioned by Ks, (O,) A place of sitting in the sun; (S, O, K;) accord. to some, peculiarly, (TA,) in the winter; (O, K, TA;) and ↓ شَرْقَةٌ and ↓ مِشْرَاقٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ مِشْرِيقٌ (O, K) signify the same: (S, O, K:) or a place upon which the sun shines; accord. to some, peculiarly, in the winter, (M,) as also ↓ شَرْقَةٌ and ↓ شَرَقَةٌ (M, TA) and ↓ شَرْقٌ (M) and مشرق [app. ↓ مَشْرِقٌ, of the pl. of which, or of one of the first three words in this paragraph, see an ex. in a verse cited voce مَشْرِقٌ if the explanation of that verse by IAar be correct]. (TA.) مَشْرِقِىٌّ (Msb, TA) and مَشْرَقِىٌّ both [applied to a man] signify Of the east; or eastern: (Msb:) pl. مَشَارِقَةٌ. (TA.) مُشَرَّقٌ A place of prayer; syn. مُصَلًّى; (As, S, M, Mgh, K;) i. e., in an absolute sense: (TA:) or the place of prayer of the festival (العِيد): (TA:) or the place of prayer of the two festivals: and المُشَرَّقُ is said to mean the place of prayer of the festival at Mekkeh: (M, TA:) and the mosque of El-Kheyf. (S, K.) b2: And The festival (العِيد) [itself]: because the prayer thereon is after the شَرْقَة, i. e. the [rising] sun. (M.) A2: Also Flesh-meat [cut into strips and] spread in the sun [to dry: see its verb, 2]. (M.) See also مَشْرِقٌ, last sentence. b2: And A garment, or piece of cloth, [dyed yellow: or with saffron: see, again, its verb: or] dyed with a red colour. (O, K.) A3: And a fortress [or a watering-trough or tank (see 2, last sentence,)] plastered with شَارُوق. (O, K.) مُشَرِّقٌ Taking to the direction of the east, or place of sunrise: one says, شَتَّانَ بَيْنَ مُشَرِّقٍ

وَمُغَرِّبٍ [Different, or widely different, are one going towards the east and one going towards the west]. (S.) مِشْرَاقٌ: see مَشْرُقَةٌ.

A2: Also A man accustomed to make his enemy to be choked with his spittle. (Z, TA.) مِشْرِيقٌ: see مَشْرِقٌ: b2: and مَشْرُقَةٌ. b3: Also, (M, O, K,) of a door, (M, K,) A chink into which the light of the rising sun falls. (M, * O, K. *) b4: And المِشْرِيقُ is the name of A gate for repentance, in Heaven. (I'Ab, O, K.) See شَرْقٌ.