فقع

1 فَقَعَ, aor. ـَ and فَقُعَ, inf. n. فُقُوعٌ (S, O, K) and فَقْعٌ, (K,) said of the colour of a thing, (S, O,) It was intensely yellow: (S, O, K:) or its yellowness was free from admixture. (K, TA. [See also فَقْعٌ below.]) [And] فَقَعَ said of a skin, or hide, or a tanned, or red, skin or hide, (أَدِيم,) It was beautiful and clear [in colour]. (Ham p. 562.) A2: فَقَعَ said of a boy, He became active, and grew, grew up, or became a young man; (K, * TA; [in both of which it is implied that the aor. of the verb in this and the next two senses is فَقَعَ and فَقُعَ, as above;]) and so ↓ تفقّع. (TA.) A3: And فَقَعَ (K, TA) said of a man, (TA,) He died from, or in consequence of, the heat. (K, TA.) A4: فَقَعَتِ الفَوَاقِعُ فُلَانًا The calamities of time, or fortune, crushed such a one. (K, * TA.) A5: فَقَعَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. فَقْعٌ, (O,) He stole. (O, K. [Accord. to the TK, trans. in this sense.]) A6: And He emitted wind from the anus, with a sound; (K, TA;) in which sense the inf. n. is likewise فَقْعٌ; accord. to some, peculiarly said of an ass: and بِهِ ↓ فَقَّعَ, and ↓ بِمِفْقَعٍ, and ↓ بِمِفْقَاعٍ, inf. n. تَفْقِيعٌ, he did so vehemently. (TA.) A7: فَقِعَ, i. e. like فَرِحَ, (K, TA,) inf. n. فَقَعٌ, (TK,) said of a man, (TA,) He became red. (K, TA.) 2 فقّع, (TA,) inf. n. تَفْقِيعٌ, (O, K, TA,) He twisted the sides of his mouth, or opened his mouth and was diffuse, in speech, (O, K, TA,) and uttered speech that had no meaning. (TA.) b2: And فقّع

أَصَابِعَهُ, (S, O, * TA,) inf. n. as above, (S, O, K, TA,) i. q. فَرْقَعَهَا, (S, O, * K, * TA, *) [He cracked the joints of his fingers;] i. e. he pressed his fingers so that a sound was heard to proceed from their joints: (TA:) the action signified thereby is forbidden to be performed in prayer: (O, TA:) [but it is said that] this is the contracting of the fingers to the inner side of the hand and making a sound with the outer side [app. by pressing the fist upon the ground so as to make the joints of the fingers crack, when rising; for I think that any action more irregular than this would be too obviously wrong to need prohibition]. (O.) b3: And فقّع الوَرْدَةَ, inf. n. تَفْقِيعٌ, He made the rose into a round form (أَدَارَهَا), and then struck it so that it rent open, or asunder, producing a sound: (O:) or التَّفْقِيعُ signifies the striking a rose with the hand, (O, K,) or the making a rose-leaf into a round [and app. hollow] form, and pressing it with the fingers, (TA,) so that it produces a sound, (O, K, TA,) when rending open, or asunder. (TA.) b4: [And فقّع signifies also It cracked with a sound: and it crackled: said of a flint-stone in fire: see صَوَّانٌ: and said of salt thrown into a fire: see نَارٌ.] b5: See also 1, last sentence but one.

A2: فقّع الأدِيمَ, (O, TA,) inf. n. as above, (K,) He made the hide red. (O, K, TA.) 4 افقع, (TA,) inf. n. إِفْقَاعٌ, (O, K, TA,) He was, or became, poor, or needy: (TA;) or in an evil state or condition. (O, K, TA.) 5 تَفَقَّعَ see 1. b2: [Reiske, as stated by Freytag, has explained this verb as signifying It was, or became, contracted; said of a hand: but probably, I think, in consequence of his having found تَفَقَّعَت erroneously written for تَقَفَّعَت.]6 تفاقعت عَيْنَاهُ His eyes became white: (O, K, TA:) or became cleft, or fissured: or had in them foul, or foul white, matter. (TA.) 7 انفقع It became cleft, or fissured, or rent open or asunder. (O, K.) فَقْعٌ [an inf. n., of فَقَعَ, q. v. Used as a subst.,] Intense whiteness. (TA.) [But it seems to signify more commonly, Intense yellowness: or yellowness free from admixture: see 1, first sentence.]

A2: And i. q. حُصَاصٌ [app. as meaning An emission of wind from the anus, with a sound]. (S, O, TA. [See 1, last sentence but one.]) A3: Also, and ↓ فِقْعٌ, (S, O, K,) the latter mentioned by ISk, (S, O,) A species of كَمْأَة [or truffles]; (S, O;) accord. to A 'Obeyd, (S, O,) the white and soft thereof: (S, O, K;) which is the worst thereof; or, as IAth says, a species of the worst [kind] of كمأة, accord. to AHn, it comes forth from the ground so as to appear, white, and is bad; the good being that which is extracted by digging: Lth says, It is a كَمْء [or truffle] that comes forth from the base of the plant called إِجْرِد [q. v.], and is of the worst of كمأة, and the quickest in becoming corrupt: (TA:) the pl. is فِقَعَةٌ, (S, O, K,) which is of both forms of the sing.; (S, O, TA;) and فَقْعٌ, with fet-h, has for pls. أُفْقُعٌ [a pl. of pauc.] and فُقُوعٌ [a pl. of mult.]. (AHn, TA.) A vile man is likened thereto: (S, O, K: *) one says, هُوَ أَذَلُّ مِنْ فَقْعِ قَرْقَرٍ, (S,) or مِنْ فَقْعٍ بقَرْقَرَةٍ, (O, K,) [He is more vile than the فقع of, or than فقع In, a (??) and soft tract of ground,] because the beasts kick it along, (S,) or because it offers not resistance to the gatherer thereof, or because it is trodden with the feet, (O, K,) and the beasts kick it along. (O.) b2: [From a mention of the pl. فَقُوعٌ in art. ذأن, and in the present art. in the TA, it appears that فَقْعٌ is also applied to The species of fungus called ذُؤْنُون, and to the species called طُرْثُوث, &c.] b3: And [hence, perhaps,] فَقْعٌ [as a coll. a.] signifies also (assumed tropical:) Pointed toes (خَرَاطِيم of a sort of boots (O, TA.) فِقْعٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

فَقَاعٍ; see what next follows.

فُقَاعٍ; (O, and thus in my MS, copy of the K; in other copies of the K فُقَاع or فُقَاعٌ; and in all the copies is added بالضَّمِّ كَرُبَاع or كَرُبَاعٍ; [but there is no such word as رُبَاعٍ. nor رُباعٌ; whence it seems to be meant that we should read كَرُبَاعَ; i. e. فُقَاعُ, like رُباعُ, imperfectly decl.; but see what follows;]) so says Ibn-Buzurj: (O:) or, (O, K,) accord. to Az, (O,) ↓ فقاعٍ, (O, K, *) like رُبَاعٍ, (O.) [i. e.] with fet-h, like ثَمَانٍ (كَثَمَانٍ): (K:) [which suggests that كَرُبَاعٍ may be an early mistranscription for كَربَاعٍ, and that فُقَاع is wrong, and only فَقَاعٍ right, though it is said in one place in the TA that فَقَاع is like سَحَاب, i. e. that it is فَقَاعٌ:] or it is ↓ فَقِيعٌ, like أَمِيرٌ; (K, TA;) so accord. to El-Jáhidh, as mentioned by Az: (TA:) applied to a man, as meaning Red; (O, K, TA;) intensely so; by reason of إِغْرَاب [i. e. app., goodliness of condition]: (O, TA:) and ↓ فُقَاعِيٌّ, as an epithet applied to a man, signifies red. (TA.) فَقِيعٌ, (so in the O,) or ↓ فِقِّيعٌ, like سِكِّيتٌ, (K,) but the former, like أَمِيرٌ, is the right, [a coll. gen. n.,] and its n. un. is with ة, (TA,) The white, of pigeons; (K, TA;) said by El-Jáhidh to be such, of pigeons, as are like the صِقْلَابِىّ [or Sclave] of men; (O, TA;) a kind of white pigeon; so called as being likened to a [white] species of truffle [i. e. the فَقْع]. (TA.) b2: أَبْيَضُ فَقِيعٌ, (so in the O,) or ↓ ابيض فِقِّيعٌ, like سِكِّيتٌ, (K,) White that is intense (O, K) in whiteness. (O.) [See also فَاقِعٌ.] b3: فَقِيعٌ as an epithet applied to a man: see فُقَاعٍ.

فُقَّاعٌ: see فُقَاعٍ: b2: and see فَاقِعٌ, in two places.

فَقَّاعٌ One who emits wind from the anus, with a sound, much, or frequently. (TA.) b2: And Strong, or vehement; and bad, corrupt, or wicked. (Lth, O, K.) فُقَّاعٌ. 1 certain beverage, (S, O, L, K,) [a sort of beer.] made from barley: (L, TA:) [but there are several sorts thereof, perhaps peculiar to postclassical times: (see De Sacy's Chrest. Arabe, see, ed., vol. i., pp. 149-154:)] so called because of the froth that rises upon its head. (O, K. [See فُقَّاعَةٌ.]) b2: And A certain plant, (AHn, O, K.) such as is termed ↓ مُتَفَقِّعٌ, i. e., (AHn, O, K. *) which, when it dries up, becomes hard, and as though it were horns. (AHn, O, K.) [Now applied in North-Western Africa to The toadstool, which is called in other parts فُطْرٌ.]

فِقِّيعٌ: see فَقِيعٌ, in two places.

فُقَّاعَةٌ, like رُمَّانَةٌ, sing. of فَقَاقِيعُ, (TA,) which signifies The bubbles that rise upon water, (S, O, K, TA,) and upon wine, (O,) [&c.,] round, [or globular.] (TA,) like قَوَارِير [or vessels of glass]. (S, O, TA.) فُقَّاعِىٌّ A seller of [the beverage called] فُقَّاع. (TA.) فَاقِعٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ فُقَاعِىٌّ (K) Yellow intensely yellow; (S, O, K;) thus both signify: (Lh, K, TA:) or red intensely red: (K:) or red free from an admixture of whiteness: or purely red: (TA:) or فَاقِعٌ is applied to white and to any other colour as signifying free from admixture; (K;) and ↓ فُقَاعِىٌّ is applied in this sense to white: (TA:) and ↓ أَفْقَعُ, of which the pl. is فُقْعٌ, signifies intensely white. (K.) فَاقِعَةٌ A calamity, or misfortune: (S, O, K:) pl. فَوَاقِعُ. (S, O, K. *) أَفْقَعُ; pl. فُقْعٌ: see فَاقِعٌ.

فَقْرٌ مُفْقِعٌ, accord. to the K, signifies مُدْقِعٌ [as though meaning Poverty causing to cleave to the dust or earth]: but the right phrase is فَقِيرٌ مُفْقِعٌ, signifying مُدْقِعٌ [i. e. a poor person cleaving to the dust or earth: for أَدْقَعَ is intrans. as well as trans.]; which denotes the worst condition, like مَجْهُودٌ. (TA.) [See 4.]

مِفْقَعٌ and ↓ مِفْقَاعٌ [The anus (as being the instrument) with which wind is emitted vehemently, with a sound]: see 1, last sentence but one.

خَفٌّ مُفَقَّعٌ i. q. مُخَرُطَمٌ (O, K) i. e. A boot having its fore part pointed. (TA in art. خرطم.) المُفَقِّعَةُ A certain black bird of which the base of the tail is white, (O, K,) that pecks camels', or similar, dung. (O.) مِفْقَاعٌ: see مِفْقَعٌ; and 1, last sentence but one.

مُتَفَقِّعٌ: see فُقَّاعٌ.

صفح

1 صَفَحَ عَنْهُ, (Mgh, Msb, K, *) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. صَفْحٌ, (TA,) properly signifying He turned towards [or from] him, or it, the صَفْحَة [i. e. side] of his face, (Mgh,) means he turned away from, (Mgh, Msb, K, *) and left, (Msb, K,) him, or it, (Mgh, Msb,) i. e. [a man, or] an affair. (Msb.) And ضَرَبْتُ عَنْهُ صَفْحًا I turned away from him and left him; (S, TA;) i. e. a man: (TA:) صَفْحًا being here an inf. n., and therefore in the accus. case, as in the phrase قَعَدْتُ جُلُوسًا; or it is in the accus. case as an adv. n., and the meaning is I turned away from him aside. (Har p. 434.

[See also, in art. ضرب, a similar phrase in the Kur xliii. 4, cited here in the TA, and in Har ubi suprà.]) b2: And صَفَحَ عَنْهُ, (S, A, K, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) means [also] He turned away from his crime, sin, fault, or offence: (S, A, TA:) or he forgave him. (K, TA.) and صَفَحْتُ عَنْ ذَنْبِ فُلَانٍ I turned away from the crime, sin, &c., of such a one, and did not punish him for it: (TA:) or صَفَحْتُ عَنِ الذَّنْبِ, aor. and inf. n. as above, I forgave the crime, sin, &c. (Msb.) b3: And صَفَحَتْ, (K, TA,) aor. as above, (TA,) inf. n. صُفُوحٌ, said of a she-camel, (K, TA,) and of a ewe, or she-goat, (TA,) [She ceased to yield her milk;] her milk went away. (K, TA.) A2: صَفَحَ as a trans. verb: see 5, in five places. b2: And see 2. b3: Also, aor. ـَ inf. n. صَفْحٌ, He (a dog) spread forth, or stretched out, his fore legs: a rájiz says, صَفْحَ ذِرَاعَيْهِ لِعَظْمٍ كَلْبَا [As the spreading forth of his fore legs, to, or for, a bone; I mean a dog]; كلبا being put in the accus. case as an explicative: or he here uses an inversion; meaning صَفْحَ كَلْبٍ ذِرَاعَيْهِ. (L.) b4: And صَفَحَهُ, (S,) or صَفَحَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ; (K;) and ↓ اصفحهُ, (S,) or اصفحهُ بالسيف; (TA;) He struck him with the side, or flat, of the sword, (بِعُرْضِهِ, TA, or بِعَرْضِهِ, S, K,) [i. e. with its صَفْح, or صُفْح, or صَفْحَة,] not with its edge. (TA.) b5: And صَفَحَهُ, (S, IAth, K, TA,) aor. ـَ inf. n. صَفْحٌ; (TA;) and ↓ اصفحهُ, (S, K, TA,) inf. n. إِصْفَاحٌ; (TA;) He turned him back, or sent him away; namely, a person asking, or begging; (S, K, TA;) he refused his request: (IAth, TA:) and صَفَحَهُ عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ and عَنْهَا ↓ اصفحهُ He refused him the thing that he wanted. (TA.) b6: And صَفَحَهُ also signifies He gave to him. (IAth, TA.) [Thus it has two contr. meanings.] b7: Also He gave him to drink any kind of beverage (K, TA) and at any time. (TA.) b8: And صَفَحَ الإِبِلَ عَلَى الحَوْضِ He made the camels to pass by the wateringtrough; [app. watering them;] syn. أَمَرَّهَا عَلَيْهِ. (S, K.) 2 صفّح, (K,) inf. n. تَصْفِيحٌ, (S,) He made a thing wide, or broad; (S, K;) as also ↓ صَفَحَ; (K;) [and ↓ اصفح;] see مُصْفَحٌ. One says of a sword, صُفِّحَ, inf. n. as above, It was made broad, or wide, and lengthened out, in the forging. (IAar, S, TA.) A2: تَصْفِيحٌ is also syn. with تَصْفِيقٌ, (S, Msb, K,) meaning The clapping with the hands. (S, IAth, TA.) One says, صَفَّح بِيَدَيْهِ and صَفَّقَ [He clapped with his hands]; (A, TA;) he struck one of his hands upon the other: (Mgh:) or he struck with the outer side of the right hand upon the inner side of the left hand. (O in art. صفق.) [Golius gives صَفَحَ in this sense, erroneously, as from the S; and Freytag, this form as well as صفّح.] And it is said in a trad., التَّسْبِيحُ لِلرِّجَالِ وَالتَّصْفِيحُ لِلنِّسَآءِ, or, as some relate it, التَّصْفِيقُ instead of التصفيح, [The saying سُبْحَانَ اللّٰهِ is for men, and the clapping with the hands is for women;] (S, Mgh, * TA;) i. e., when the Imám is inadvertent, the person whom he leads should, if a man, rouse him by saying سبحان اللّٰه; and if a woman, should clap with her hands, instead of speaking. (IAth, TA.) 3 مُصَافَحَةٌ signifies The taking by the hand; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ تَصَافُحٌ; (A;) or the latter has a like meaning: (S, K: *) or the former signifies [the joining hands; i. e.] the putting the hand [of one] in the hand [of another] in meeting and saluting: (Ham p. 802:) or the making the palm of the hand to cleave to [that of] the hand [of another], and turning face to face. (L.) Yousay, صَافَحَهُ بِيَدِهِ He took him by his hand. (A.) And صَافَحْتُهُ, inf. n. as above [and صِفَاحٌ], I applied my hand to his hand; (Msb;) or I put the palm of my hand upon the palm of his hand. (TA.) b2: And لَقِيَهُ صِفَاحًا He met him turning towards him the صَفْح [or side] of his face: (TA:) or he met him face to face; i. q. صِقَابًا: (TA in art. صقب:) [and] he met him suddenly, or unexpectedly. (Ham p. 802.) 4 اصفحهُ: see 1, latter part, in three places: b2: and see also 2. b3: Also He inverted it, or reversed it, (Ibn-Buzurj, K,) namely, a sword; like صَابَاهُ [q. v.]. (Ibn-Buzurj.) 5 تصفّحهُ He examined its صَفَحَات [or sides]; i. e. a thing's: (S:) or he considered it carefully, or attentively, and examined its صَفَحَات. (A, Mgh.) And تَصَفَّحْتُ الكِتَابَ I turned over, or examined, the صَفَحَات, meaning pages, of the book; as also ↓ صَفَحْتُهُ, inf. n. صَفْحٌ: (Msb:) and وَرَقَ المُصْحَفِ ↓ صَفَحْتُ I examined the leaves of the مُصْحَف [i. e. volume, or book, or copy of the Kur-án,] one by one. (O, K.) And تصفّح القَوْمَ, (Lth, A,) and ↓ صَفَحَهُمْ, (Lth, O, Msb, K,) He looked at the people, seeking for a particular man: (Lth:) or he examined the states, or conditions, of the people, and looked among them, to ascertain whether such a one was to be seen: (A; in explanation of the former:) or he made the people to pass before him, and examined them, one by one: (O, K; in explanation of the latter:) or he beheld [or looked at] the صَفَحَات [or sides] of the faces of the people. (Msb.) And تصفّح وُجُوهَ القَوْمِ He examined carefully, or attentively, the faces of the people, looking at their (the people's) external appearances and forms, and seeking to make himself acquainted with their cases: and he looked at the faces of the people, seeking to know them; as also ↓ صَفَحَهَا. (Lth, TA.) And تصفّح الأَمْرَ, (A, TA,) and تصفّح فِى الأَمْرِ, (K, TA,) and الأَمْرَ ↓ صَفَحَ, (TA,) and صَفَحَ فِى الأَمْرِ, (K, TA,) He looked into the affair, or case. (K, TA.) 6 تَصَافَحَا They took each the other's hand. (TK.) See also 3. b2: Hence, تَصَافُحُ الأَجْفَانِ (assumed tropical:) The closing together of the eyelids. (Har p.

364.) 10 استصفحهُ دَنْبَهُ He asked him, or begged him, to forgive his crime, sin, fault, or offence. (L, TA.) صَفْحٌ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) of a thing, (S, A, Mgh,) or of anything; (Msb;) and ↓ صَفْحَةٌ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb,) of a thing, (Mgh,) or of anything; (S, A, Msb;) The side; or lateral, or outward, part or portion; syn. of the former نَاحِيَةٌ; (S, A;) or of the same, (K,) or of the latter, (S, A,) or of each, (Mgh, Msb,) جَانِبٌ: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K:) and both signify also the face, or surface, or front, of a thing: (Mgh:) pl. [of the former صِفَاحٌ, as below, and] of the latter صَفَحَاتٌ. (Msb.) صَفْحَا الشَّىْءِ signifies The two sides of the thing; syn. جَانِبَاهُ. (TA.) And صَفْحُ الإِنْسَانِ The side of the human being; (S, O, K; *) as also ↓ صَفْحَتُهُ. (O.) And hence, بَعِيرِهِ ↓ صَلَّى إِلَى صَفْحَةِ [He prayed towards the side of his camel]. (Mgh.) And صَفْحٌ and ↓ صُفْحٌ signify The عُرْض [i. e. side] (S, O, and K accord. to the TA, but in the CK and in my MS. copy of the K عَرْض, [which in this instance I think a mistake,]) of the face: (S, O, K:) and so of a sword; (K, TA; [in the former of which, in art. عرض, the عُرْض of a sword is said to be its صَفْح;]) or the عَرْض [i. e. breadth, or width,] (S, O, Msb, and so accord. to the CK and my MS. copy of the K,) of a sword; (S, O, Msb, K;) i. e. contr. of طُول; (Msb;) [but it may be well rendered its side, or its flat, and so ↓ صَفْحَةٌ, for SM says that] صَفْحَتَا السَّيْفِ signifies the two faces, or surfaces, of the sword: (TA:) one says, نَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ بِصَفْحِ وَجْهِهِ (S, A) and ↓ بِصُفْحِ وجهه (S) [He looked towards him with the side of his face turned towards him] and ↓ بِصَفْحَتِهِ [which means the same]: (A:) but accord. to AO, one says, السَّيْفِ ↓ ضَرَبَهُ بِصُفْحِ [He struck him with the side, or flat, of the sword], and the vulgar say بِصَفْحِ السيف, with fet-h: (S:) the pl. [of صَفْحٌ] is صِفَاحٌ (K, TA) and [that of ↓ صُفْحٌ is] أَصْفَاحٌ. (TA.) الرَّجُلِ ↓ صَفْحَةٌ signifies The side (عُرْض) of the breast of the man. (L.) And one says, جَنْبِهِ ↓ ضَرَبَهُ عَلَى صَفْحَةِ [He struck him on the surface, or flat part, of his side; and so على صَفْحِ جنبه; but the former is the more common]. (A.) And السَّيْفِ ↓ جَلَا صَفْحَتَى [He polished the two sides, or surfaces, of the sword]. (A.) And الوَرَقَةِ ↓ كَتَبَ فِى صَفْحَتَىِ [He wrote upon the two sides, or faces, of the piece of paper]. (A.) الكِتَابِ ↓ صَفَحَاتُ signifies The pages, or faces of the leaves, of the book. (Msb.) and صَفْحُ الكَفِّ The face [i. e. palm] of the hand. (L.) And صَفْحَا الكَتِفِ The two parts of the scapula that slope down from the عَيْر [or spine thereof]: pl. صِفَاحٌ. (L.) And صَفْحُ الجَبَلِ The part of the mountain where the side thereof rests upon the ground; (S, K;) its سَفْح [q. v.]: (JM:) pl. صِفَاحٌ. (S.) صُفْحٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in four places.

صَفَحٌ Excessive width in the forehead. (IAar, K.) صَفْحَةٌ: see صَفْحٌ, in ten places. b2: [Hence,] أَبْدَى لَهُ صَفْحَتَهُ (tropical:) i. q. كَاشَفَهُ [which is used alone as meaning كَاشَفَهُ بِالعَدَاوَةِ He showed open enmity, or hostility, with him]: (A, TA:) or he showed, or revealed, to him his deed [or crime] which he was concealing. (TA in art. بدو, from a trad. [which shows it to be used in an evil sense].) صِفَاحٌ, which is disapproved in horses, is [A quality] like what is termed مَسْحَة [app. meaning a flatness, or an evenness,] in the side (عُرْض) of the cheek, by reason of which its width is excessive. (O, K.) A2: [It is also an inf. n. of 3, q. v.]

صَفُوحٌ One who has the quality of turning away from the crimes, sins, faults, or offences, of others, and of forgiving; [or rather wont to turn away &c.;] as also ↓ صَفَّاحٌ: (TA:) الصَّفُوحُ, (K, TA,) as an epithet applied to God, (TA,) means the Very Forgiving; or He who forgives much. (K, TA.) b2: And Generous; (K;) because the generous man forgives those who act injuriously towards him. (TA.) b3: And A woman who turns away from one; who forsakes one's society: as though not giving aught but her side. (K.) صَفِيحٌ: see صَفِيحَةٌ, in four places. [It is properly a coll. gen. n.: as such signifying Any kind of thing made flat and broad or wide: as, for instance, plate, or expanded metal: n. un. with ة, meaning a piece thereof.] b2: [Hence, as it is supposed to be an expanded solid substance,] الصَّفِيحُ, (K,) or الصَّفِيحُ الأَعْلَى, (TA,) is one of the names of Heaven. (K, TA.) صَفِيحَةٌ A wide, or broad, stone; (T, S;) as also ↓ صَفِيحٌ (T) and ↓ صُفَّاحٌ: (S:) or [↓ صَفِيحٌ and]

↓ صُفَّاحٌ and صَفَائِحُ [which last is pl. of صَفِيحَةٌ] signify wide, or broad, stones, which are put over graves: (A:) or صَفَائِحُ and ↓ صُفَّاحٌ signify wide, or broad, and thin, stones; (K, TA;) one of which is called صَفِيحَةٌ and ↓ صُفَّاحَةٌ: (TA:) and anything wide, or broad, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) such as a stone, (TA,) and a plank, or board, (Mgh, TA,) and the like, (TA,) is termed صَفِيحَةٌ (Mgh, Msb, TA) and ↓ صُفَّاحَةٌ: (TA:) whence one says, اِشْتَرَى دَارًا فِيهَا صَفَائِحُ مِنْ ذَهَبَ وَفِضَّةٍ [He purchased a house in which were plates of gold and of silver]. (Mgh.) The pl. صَفَائِحُ signifies also [particularly] The planks, boards, or leaves, (أَلْوَاح,) of a door. (S, K.) And Wide, or broad, swords; (A, K;) one such sword being termed صَفِيحَةٌ: (S:) or this latter signifies [simply] a sword; and ↓ صَفِيحٌ, swords. (Ham p. 323.) And The قَبَائِل [or principal bones, namely, the frontal, occipital, and two parietal, bones,] of the head; (K;) a single one of these being termed صَفِيحَةٌ. (TA.) And صَفِيحَةٌ, (S,) or ↓ صَفِيحٌ, (K,) or each of these, (TA,) signifies The face, or surface, of anything wide, or broad. (S, K, TA.) And صَفِيحَةُ الوَجْهِ The exterior skin, cuticle, or scarf-skin, of the face. (S.) صَفَّاحٌ: see صَفُوحٌ.

صُفَّاحٌ; and its n. un., with ة: see صَفِيحَةٌ, in five places. b2: Also (tropical:) Camels whose humps have become large, (K, TA,) so that the hump of the she-camel occupies the whole of her back: n. un. with ة: (TA:) pl. صُفَّاحَاتٌ and صَفَافِيحُ: (K:) likened to wide, or broad, stones or similar things, because of their hardness. (TA.) صَافِحٌ A she-camel, (K,) and a ewe, or she-goat, (TA,) [ceasing to yield her milk;] whose milk is going away: (K, TA:) or a she-camel that has lost her young one, and whose milk has gone. (IAar, TA.) b2: غَيْرَ مُقْنِعٍ رَأْسَهُ وَلَا صَافِحٍ بِخَدِّهِ, occurring in a trad., means [Not lifting up, or elevating, his head,] nor putting forth his cheek, nor inclining on one side. (L.) أَصْفَحُ A man excessively wide in the forehead: from صَفَحٌ. (K.) مُصْفَحٌ Wide, or broad; (S, K;) as also ↓ مُصَفَّحٌ, (K,) which latter is the more common; both applied in this sense to a sword, and to anything; and ↓ مَصْفُوحٌ signifies the same. (TA.) One says, وَجْهُ هٰذَا السَّيْفِ مُصْفَحٌ The face of this sword is wide, or broad; from ↓ أَصْفَحْتُهُ. (S.) And ضَرَبَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ مُصْفَحًا, (S, A, K,) and ↓ مَصْفُوحًا, (IAar, TA,) and ↓ مُصْفِحًا, (A, [this last relating to the agent,]) He struck him with the breadth, or width, [or flat,] of the sword; (S, A, K;) not with its edge: (A:) and ضربه بالسيف غَيْرَ مُصْفَحٍ He struck him with the sword not with its breadth, but with its edge. (TA.) And رَجُلٌ الرَّأْسِ ↓ مُصَفَّحُ A man wide, or broad, in respect of the head; (S, TA;) and so مُصْفَحُ الرَّأْسِ. (TA.) b2: Also Having the two sides of his head depressed, and the side of the forehead prominent, (K, TA,) and the occiput also prominent and conspicuous: (TA:) or having the fore and hind parts of the head projecting. (Az, Mgh.) b3: And A head compressed in the parts next the temples, so as to be long between the forehead and the back of the neck. (K.) b4: A nose straight in the bone; (K, TA;) having the bone even with the forehead. (TA.) b5: And A smooth, or soft, or smooth and soft, and beautiful, face. (Lh, K.) b6: Applied to a sword, (TA,) Inclined, or bent: (S, K, TA:) and inverted, or reversed: (Ibn-Buzurj, K, TA:) that is turned upon its edge when one strikes with it: and that is inclined, or bent, when one desires to sheath it. (TA.) b7: It is said in a trad., قَلْبُ المُؤْمِنِ مُصْفَحٌ عَلَى الحَقِّ, meaning (assumed tropical:) The heart of the believer is inclined to the truth; (S, L;) as though its side (صَفْحُهُ i. e. جَانِبُهُ) were placed upon it. (L.) And مُصْفَحٌ applied to a heart signifies also (assumed tropical:) Turned away from the truth: (TA:) [or] so applied, in which are combined faith and hypocrisy: (K, TA:) or, accord. to Khálid, that falls short of its duty; in which is latent rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite; and which is not sincere in its religion: (Sh, TA:) or it means double-faced; one who meets the unbelievers with one face, and the believers with another face; صَفْحٌ signifying the “ face,” of anything. (IAth, TA.) A2: And المُصْفَحُ is a name of The sixth of the arrows used in the game called المَيْسِر; (S, K;) as also المُسْبِلُ. (S.) مُصْفِحٌ بِالسَّيْفِ Striking with the side of the sword, not with the edge; (TA;) striking with the face of the sword. (O.) See also مُصْفَحٌ.

مُصَفَّحٌ: see مُصْفَحٌ, in two places. b2: [Hence,] مُصَفَّحَةٌ signifies A sword; as also ↓ مُصَفِّحَةٌ: (K: [but see what follows:]) accord. to IAar, مُصَفَّحَاتٌ [its pl. (K)] signifies swords; because they are made broad, or wide, and lengthened out, in the forging: (S:) or, as some say, it signifies broad, or wide, swords. (TA. [See also صَفِيحَةٌ.]) Lebeed says, describing clouds, كَأَنَّ مُصَفَّحَاتٍ فِى ذُرَاهَا وَأَنْوَاحًا عَلَيْهِنَّ المَآلِى

[As though there were swords, or broad swords, upon their summits, and wailing women having upon them the pieces of rag which such women hold in wailing and with which they make signs]: (S, TA:) Az says that he likens the lightning, in the darkness of the clouds, to broad swords: (TA:) and IAar says that مصفّحات here means swords: but as some relate the verse, the word is ↓ مُصَفِّحَات [meaning women clapping their hands]; as though he likened the clouds' discovering themselves when the lightning shone from them, and they opened, and then met together after the lightning's becoming extinct, to the clapping of women's hands: (S: in some copies of which, الغَيْث is put for الغَيْم:) or, accord. to this reading, he likens the sound of the thunder to women's clapping of their hands. (TA.) b3: Also A she-camel (T, L) that is kept from being milked, in order that she may become fat. (T, L, K.) مُصَفِّحَةٌ, and its pl.: see مُصَفَّحٌ.

مَصْفُوحٌ: see مُصْفَحٌ, in two places.

مُصَافِحٌ One who commits adultery, or fornication, with any woman, whether she be free or a slave. (K.)

خشن

1 خَشُنَ, aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. خُشُونَةٌ and خُشْنَةٌ (S, Msb, K, KL) and خَشَانَةٌ (CK, TA, but omitted in some copies of the K) and خَشْنٌ and مَخْشَنَةٌ, (K,) It was, or became, rough, harsh, or coarse; (K, * KL, PS;) contr. of لَانَ, (S, K,) or of نَعُمَ; (Msb;) as also ↓ تخشّن. (K.) b2: [Hence,] هُوَ ذُو خَشْنَةٍ and خُشُونَةٍ (K) and مَخْشَنَةٍ (TA) (tropical:) He is difficult, refractory, or stubborn; not to be coped with. (K, TA. [See also خَشِنٌ.]) And خَشُنَ عَلَيْهِ صَدْرِهِ and عليه صدره ↓ اخشوشن (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, angry with him. (Sh, TA.) See also 3.2 خَشَّنَ [خشّنهُ He made it rough, harsh, or coarse. b2: Hence,] خشّن صَدْرَهُ, inf. n. تَخْشِينٌ, (tropical:) He exasperated him; made him to be affected with wrath, or rage. (S, K, TA.) A poet says, وَخَشَّنَتْ صَدْرًا جَيْبُهُ لَكَ نَاصِحُ [explained in art. جيب]. (S.) 3 خاشنهُ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. مُخَاشَنَةٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He was rough, harsh, or coarse, to him; syn. عَلَيْهِ ↓ خَشُنَ; in speech, and in action; (M, TA;) [he acted towards him, or with him, roughly, harshly, or coarsely;] contr. of لَايَنَهُ. (S, K.) 5 تَخَشَّنَ see 1: b2: and see also 12.10 استخشنهُ He found it [or esteemed it] rough, harsh, or coarse. (K.) A2: Hence, in a trad. of 'Alee, making mention of pious men of learning, اسْتَلَانُوا مَا اسْتَخْشَنَ المُتْرَفُونَ (assumed tropical:) [and they esteemed, or esteem, soft, or smooth, what those leading a life of ease and plenty esteemed, or esteem, rough, harsh, or coarse]. (TA.) and استخشن المَقَامَ فِى مَحَلِّ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) [He esteemed unpleasant, or uncomfortable, the remaining in such a place of abode]. (TA in art. بشع.) 12 اخشوشن (JK, S, K) and ↓ تخشّن (K) It was, or became, very rough, harsh, or coarse: (S, K:) or (K.) he wore rough, harsh, or coarse, clothes: (JK, K:) or the former signifies also he accustomed himself to the wearing of such clothes: (S:) or each, he ate rough, harsh, or coarse, food: (TA:) or the former, (JK,) or each, (K,) (assumed tropical:) he said what was rough, harsh, or coarse: (JK, K, TA:) or (assumed tropical:) he lived a rough, or coarse, life. (K.) The former verb is more intensive in all its senses (K, TA) than خَشُنَ and تخشّن, because of the repetition of the medial radical and the addition of the و; and the same is the case of every verb of this class, as اعشوشب and the like, as is indicated in the S. (TA.) b2: See also 1.

خَشِنٌ Rough, harsh, or coarse; (S, * Msb, * K, KL, PS;) applied to a thing (S, Msb, K) of any kind; (K;) as also ↓ أَخْشَنُ: (S, Msb, K:) in relation to a stone, they seldom or never say otherwise than أَخْشَنُ: (Msb:) the fem. of the former is with ة; (Msb, K;) and the pl. is خُشُنٌ, (Msb,) [also said to be a pl. by poetic license of أَخْشَنُ, for خُشْنٌ, as will be seen below,] or خِشَانٌ, (K,) which is applied in the sense explained above to land [or lands]: (TA:) the fem. of ↓ أَخْشَنُ is خَشْنَآءُ; (K;) and the pl. is خُشْنٌ. (S.) You say أَرْضٌ خَشِنَةٌ Rough, or rugged, ground or land. (Msb.) And أَرْضٌ

↓ خشْنَآءُ Rugged ground or land, (JK, TA,) in which are stones and sand. (TA.) And مُلَآءَةٌ

↓ خَشْنَآءُ [A wrapper for the body] in which is roughness, harshness, or coarseness, either from newness or from make. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) A strong man. (Msb.) And هُوَ خَشِنُ الجَانِبِ and ↓ أَخْشَنُهُ (tropical:) He is difficult, refractory, or stubborn; not to be coped with. (K, TA. [See also 1.]) And عَاشَ عَيْشًا خَشِنًا (assumed tropical:) He lived a rough, or coarse, life. (K.) See also أَخْشَنُ.

خُشَيْنَآءُ [dim. of خَشْنَآءُ] A certain small herb, or leguminous plant, green, found in meadows, and plains; so called because of its roughness, or harshness, or coarseness. (TA.) See also خَشنَآءُ at the end of the next paragraph.

أَخْشَنُ, and its fem. خَشْنَآءُ: see خَشِنٌ, in five places. You say also كَتِيبَةٌ خَشْنَآءُ (tropical:) [An army, or a portion thereof, bristling with weapons: or] having many weapons: (JK, S, K, TA:) [and in like manner, ↓ جَيْشٌ خَشِنٌ, occurring in the TA in art. خمس:] and مَعْشَرٌ خُشْنٌ and خُشُنٌ; the latter allowable in poetry: (S: [it is there implied that this has a similar meaning:]) or the last signifies (assumed tropical:) [a company of men] who resist harm, or injury. (Ham p. 5.) And أُثْفِيَّةٌ خَشْنَآءُ (assumed tropical:) A great number [of people]. (S in art. ثَفى.) b2: Also, (K, TA,) or ↓ أُخَيْشِنُ, (JK,) (tropical:) A man whose state, or condition, is discommended. (JK, K, TA. [See also مُخَشَّنَةٌ.]) And the fem., (assumed tropical:) A she-camel lean, or emaciated. (JK, K.) and سَنَةٌ خَشْنَآءُ (assumed tropical:) A year of drought or distress. (JK.) b3: A rájiz says, مِنْ يَثْرِبِيَّاتٍ خُشْنِ meaning [Of the fabric of Yethrib,] new [unfeathered arrows]. (S, TA.) b4: خَشْنَآءُ also signifies A certain green herb, or leguminous plant, (A Hn, JK, K,) having short leaves, (JK,) that spreads upon the ground, (AHn,) rough to the feel, but soft in the mouth, viscous like purslane; (AHn, K;) its blossom is yellow, and it is eaten [by men], and is like wise a pasture: (AHn:) also called ↓ خُشَيْنَآءُ. (TA.) أُخَيْشِنُ dim. of أَخْشَنُ as syn. with خَشِنٌ. (TA.) أُخَيْشِنُ فِى ذَاتِ اللّٰهِ is a phrase occurring in a trad. [app. as meaning (assumed tropical:) Somewhat rough or coarse in clothing, or in mode of living, for the sake, or to obtain the approbation, of God]. (S, TA.) See also أَخْشَنُ.

مُخَشَّنَةٌ A she-camel whose طِرْق [or condition in respect of fatness] is discommended. (JK, K. [See also أَخْشَنُ.])

سنج

1 سَنَجَ He smeared anything with a colour different from its own colour. (O, K.) سُنُجٌ The عُنَّاب [or jujube]. (IAar, K.) سَنْجَةٌ, as also صَنْجَةٌ, but the former is the more chaste, (T, O, Msb, K,) accord to Fr, (O,) because ص and ج do not both occur in any [genuine] Arabic word, (Msb,) or the former only is allowable accord. to Fr, (T, Msb,) or, accord. to ISk, (T, O, Msb, and S in art. صنج,) and IKt, (T, Msb,) the latter only is allowable; (T, O, Msb, and S and O in art. صنج;) an arabicized word, (O, Msb, and S and A and K in art. صنج,) from [the Pers\.] سنك [or سَنْگْ, as meaning “ a weight ”]; (O;) [or rather from the Pers\. سَنْجَهْ meaning “ a balance ” and “ a weight; ”] i. q. مِيزَانٌ [A balance]: (A in art. صنج:) [in the present day, applied to a steel-yard: and also, more commonly, (agreeably with the explanation of صَنْجَةٌ in the MA,) to a weight of a balance; which last seems to be intended in the S and O and Msb and K &c. by the expressions سَنْجَةُ المِيزَانِ and صَنْجَتُهُ, unless these expressions be instances of what is termed إِضَافَةُ الشَّىْءِ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ (i. e. the prefixing a noun, governing the gen. case, to another noun signifying the same thing), which I think unlikely:] pl. سِنَجٌ (A, Msb) and سَنَجَاتٌ. (Msb.) One says, اِتَّزَنَ منّى بِالسَّنْجَة الرَّاجِحَةِ [He received by weight from me with the inclining balance, or with the preponderating weight], and بِالسِّنَجِ الوَافِيَةِ [with the full weights]. (A.) And a rájiz says, كَأَنَّهَا سَنْجَةُ أَلْفٍ رَاجِحَهْ [As though it, or she, were the weight of a thousand, preponderating]: or, as some relate it, صَنْجَةٌ. (O.) سُنْجَةٌ i. q. رُقْطَةٌ [i. e. Blackness mixed with speckles of white: or the reverse: or speckles of white, and of black, and of red, and of yellow, in an animal]: (AA, O, K:) pl. سُنَجٌ, (O, K, TA, in the CK سُنْجٌ,) like حُجَرٌ (K, TA, in the CK like حُجْرٌ,) as pl. of حُجْرَةٌ. (TA.) سِنَاجٌ The mark, or effect, of the سِرَاج [i. e. lamp, or its lighted wick], (A, O, K,) upon the wall. (O, K, TA.) One says, لَابُدَّ لِلسِّرَاجِ مِنَ السِّنَاجِ [The lamp, or its lighted wick, cannot but have the mark, or effect, thereof upon the wall]. (A.) b2: Also The سِرَاج [itself; i. e. a lamp, or its lighted wick]: (ISd, K:) as also ↓ سَنِيجٌ. (K.) سَنِيجٌ: see what next precedes.

بُرْدٌ مُسَنَّجٌ A [garment of the kind called] بُرْد striped. (O, K.) [SM thinks that it may be a mistranscription for مُسَبَّجٌ, meaning “ wide,” applied to a كِسَآء: but this I think improbable.]

سود

1 سَادَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. سِيَادَةٌ (Msb, TA) and سُودٌ and سُودَدٌ [and its vars. mentioned in the next sentence] and سَيْدُودَةٌ, (TA,) or سُودَدٌ is a simple subst. signifying as expl. below, (Msb,) He was, or became, [a سَيِّد, i. e. chief, lord, master, &c.; or] possessed of glory, honour, dignity, eminence, exalted or elevated state, or nobility. (Msb, TA.) b2: [It is also trans.:] you say, سَادَ قَوْمَهُ, (S, M, * A,) aor. ـُ (S, A,) inf. n. سِيَادَةٌ (S, M, K *) and سُودٌ (M, K *) and سُودَدٌ, (S, M, A, K *) in which last the [final] د is added to render the word quasi-coordinate to words of the measure فُعْلَلٌ, as جُنْدَبٌ and بُرْقَعٌ, (S,) and سُودُدٌ and سُؤْدَدٌ (M, TA *) and سُؤْدُدٌ, (M, K, *) of the dial. of Teiyi, (M,) and سَيْدُودَةٌ, (S, M,) He was, or became, the سَيِّد [or chief, lord, master, &c.,] of his people; (S;) [he ruled his people, or held dominion over them;] and ↓ اِسْتَادَهُمْ signifies the same. (M, L.) And سَادَهُ, inf. n. سِيَادَةٌ and سِيَادٌ and سُودَدٌ [&c.], He exercised rule, or dominion, over him. (MA.) [See also سُودَدٌ below.] b3: [Hence,] سَادَتْ نَاقَتِى المَطَايَا (tropical:) My she-camel left behind the [other] camels or beasts. (A, TA.) b4: سَاوَدَنِى فَسُدْتُهُ: see 3.

A2: سَوِدَ and سَادَ as syn. with اِسْوَدَّ: see this last, in three places.

A3: سَادَهُ as syn. with سَاوَدَهُ: see this latter.

A4: سَادَ, aor. ـُ also signifies He drank water such as is termed مَسْوَدَة, which occasions a disease termed سُوَادِ. (M, K.) b2: And سِيدَ, (M,) or سُئِدَ, like عُنِىَ, (K,) He was, or became, affected with السُّوَاد. (M, K. [In the former, the context indicates that this means here a disease that attacks the liver from eating dates: in the latter, that it here means a disease incident to sheep or goats.]) 2 سوّدهُ قَوْمُهُ, [inf. n. تَسْوِيدٌ,] His people made him a سَيِّد [i. e. chief, lord, &c.; generally meaning over them]. (S, M, * A.) It is said in a trad. of 'Omar, تَفَقَّهُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ تُسَوَّدُوا, (M,) or ↓ تَسَوَّدُوا [for تَتَسَوَّدُوا], (O,) meaning Learn ye knowledge, or science, before ye be [made] chiefs, looked at; for if ye learn not before that, ye will be ashamed to learn after becoming advanced in age, or attaining to full growth, (بَعْدَ الكِبَرِ,) and so will remain ignorant, taking it [i. e. knowledge] from the younger ones, and that will lower your estima-tion: (M:) or the meaning is, before ye be married, and become masters of houses, or tents, and be diverted by the marriage-state from [the acquisition of] knowledge, or science. (Sh, O.) [See also 5.] b2: سوّد also signifies He slew: (Az, TA:) or [the inf. n.] تَسْوِيدٌ signifies the slaying of سَادَة [i. e. chiefs, lords, &c., pl. of سَيِّدٌ]. (K.) b3: [And accord. to the K, تَسْوِيدٌ is also syn. with جُرْأَةٌ The being bold, daring, brave, or courageous: but accord. to the O, سَوَّدَ signifies خَرِئَ He voided his excrement, or ordure; as though from what next follows: which of these two explanations is right (for it seems improbable that both are right) I find no ex. to indicate.]

A2: سَوَّدْتُهُ, (S, M, * TA,) or سوّدته بِالسَّوَادِ, inf. n. تَسْوِيدٌ, (Msb,) I blackened it; made it, or rendered it, أَسْوَد [i. e. black]; (S, * M, Msb; *) I changed its بَيَاض [or whiteness] to سَوَاد [or blackness]. (TA.) b2: [Hence, سوّد وَجْهَهُ lit. He, or it, blackened his face: meaning (assumed tropical:) rendered his face expressive of sorrow, or displeasure; or grieved, or displeased, him: and also, disgraced him: see the contr. بَيَّضَ: and see also 9. b3: Hence also سوّد meaning He wrote anything in a rough manner, as one writes the first draught, or original copy, of a book or the like; contr. of بَيَّضَ in this sense also: probably post-classical.] b4: And سّود الإِبِلَ, (S, M, O,) inf. n. تَسْوِيدٌ, (S, K,) (assumed tropical:) He beat, or pounded, old worn-out hair-cloth, and applied it as a remedy to the galls, or sores, on the backs of the camels. (Fr, A'Obeyd, S, M, O, K. *) b5: And سَوِّدُوا ضَيْفَكُمْ (assumed tropical:) Feed ye your guest with something to allay the craving of his stomach before the morning-meal (الغَدَآء). (ElUmawee, TA in art. لهج.) 3 سَاْوَدَ ↓ سَاوَدَنِى فَسُدْتُهُ (S, A, K, * &c.) He vied with me, or contended with me for superiority, in the rank, or quality, or qualities, of a سَيِّد [or chief, lord, &c.], and I overcame, or surpassed, him therein: (S, A, L, K: *) A2: and also He vied with me in blackness, and I surpassed him therein. (S, L, K. *) b2: And ساودهُ, inf. n. سِوَادٌ, He met him in the blackness of the night. (M, L.) b3: And سَاوَدْتُهُ, (S, A, O,) inf. n. سِوَادٌ (S, O, K *) and مُسَاوَدَةٌ, (S,) (tropical:) I spoke secretly with him; (S, A, O, K; *) because you bring near your سَوَاد [or person] to his [when you so speak with another]; or [because] originally meaning I brought near my سَوَاد, i. e. person, to his: (S:) or ساودهُ, inf. n. سِوَادٌ, signifies he spoke secretly with him, and so brought near his سَوَاد to his [the other's]; as also ↓ سَادَهُ, inf. n. سَوْدٌ. (M.) It was said to the daughter of El-Khuss, Wherefore didst thou commit fornication? (S, O, L,) or What caused thee to commit fornication? or Wherefore didst thou become pregnant? (M, L,) thou being the mistress of thy people? (S, O, L:) and she answered, قُرْبُ الوِسَادِ وَطُولُ السِّوَادِ, (S, M, O, L, [in my two copies of the S قُرْبَ and طُولَ, as though a verb were understood,]) i. e. [The nearness of the pillow, and the long continuance of] secret speaking with another: (Lh, M, L:) or, as some say, السواد here means the enticing to جِمَاع: or, as others say, الجَمَاع itself [if the question put to her were the last mentioned above]. (M, L.) b4: ساودهُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) He acted deceitfully, or guilefully, with him: (K:) or he endeavoured to turn him [to a thing] by blandishment, or by deceitful arts; or to entice him; as shown above. (TA.) b5: And (assumed tropical:) He drove him away; namely, a lion. (O, K.) b6: And ساودت الإِبِلُ النَّبَاتَ (assumed tropical:) The camels laboured at the herbage with their lips, and could not master it, because of its shortness (O, K) and its scantiness. (K.) 4 أَسَادَ and أَسْوَدَ He begat a boy that was a سَيِّد [or chief, lord, &c.]: (S, O, K:) or they signify, (O, K,) or signify also, (S,) he begat a black boy: (S, O, K:) or he had a black child born to him: (M:) and اسودت she brought forth black children. (A.) 5 تسوّد He became married: (K:) or he became married, and master of a house, or tent. (Sh, O.) See 2, second sentence.8 إِسْتَوَدَ see 1. b2: استادوا بَنِى فُلَانٍ They slew the سَيِّد [or chief, lord, &c.,] of the sons of such a one: (Az, S, M, O, K:) or (so in the K, but in the S and O “ and in like manner ”) they took him captive: (S, O, K:) or they asked, or demanded, of him a woman in marriage. (IAar, S, M, O, K.) And استاد القَوْمَ, and فِى القَوْمِ, and مِنْهُمْ, He asked, or demanded, in marriage, a سَيِّدَة [or woman of rank or quality], among the people: (M:) or استاد فِى بَنِى فُلَانٍ, and مِنْهُمْ, he married one of the chief, or noble, women of the sons of such a one. (IAar, O.) And استاد He married among سَادَة [or chiefs, lords, &c.]. (L.) 9 اسوّد, (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. اِسْوِدَادٌ; (S, K;) and ↓ اسوادّ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. اِسوِيدَادٌ; (S, K;) and in poetry it is allowable to say ↓ اِسْوَأَدَّ, to avoid the concurrence of two quiescent letters; imperative [of ↓ the second] اِسْوَادِدْ, and the last two letters in this may be incorporated together [so that you may say اِسْوَادّ]; (S;) said of a thing; (S, Msb;) and ↓ سَوِدَ, (S, M, Msb,) said of a man, (S, TA,) and of a thing, (TA,) aor. ـْ (Msb;) and ↓ سَادَ, (M,) first Pers\. سُدْتُ, a form used by some; (S;) It, and he, became أَسْوَد [i. e. black]: (S, M, Msb, K:) and ↓ اسوادّ it, or he, became intensely so. (TA.) Nuseyb says, فَلَمْ أَمْلِكْ سَوَادِى وَتَحْتَهُ ↓ سَوِدْتُ قَمِيصٌ مِنَ القُوهِىِّ بِيضٌ بَنَائِقُهْ [I am black, (for Nuseyb was a slave,) and am not master of my person; but beneath it, or within it, is a shirt like the cloth of Koohistán, the gores of which are white: by this قميص he means his heart; القَمِيصُ, or قَمِيصُ القَلْبِ, tropically meaning “ the pericardium; ” and, by a synecdoche, “the heart itself, with its appertenances ”]. (S, TA.) b2: [Hence,] اسودّ وَجْهُهُ [lit. His face became black: meaning] (tropical:) his face became expressive of grief, or sorrow, or displeasure, occasioned by fear [&c.]: (Bd in iii. 102:) he became grieved, sorrowful, or displeased; and confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course, by reason of shame, or in consequence of a deed that he had done (Bd in xvi. 60) [&c.: and often meaning he became disgraced]: opposed to اِبْيَضَّ. (Bd in iii. 102.) 11 إِسْوَاْدَّ see 9, in three places. Q. Q. 4 اِسْوَأَدَّ: see 9, first sentence.

سَوْدٌ A سَفْح (M, K, TA) of a mountain, (M, TA,) [app. meaning, in this case, a low tract at the base, or foot, of a mountain,] forming a narrow strip of ground, (M, TA,) rough and black, (M,) or level, abounding with black stones, (K, TA,) which are rough, and the predominant colour whereof is blackness; seldom found but at a mountain in which is a mine: so says Lth: or a piece of ground in which are black rough stones resembling dry human dung: (TA:) or land, or ground, in which blackness predominates, which is seldom anywhere but at a mountain in which is a mine: (Msb:) pl. أَسْوَادٌ: (M, TA:) and ↓ سَوْدَةٌ signifies a portion thereof; (M, Msb, K, TA;) and the pl. of this is سَوْدَاتٌ, and the pl. of سَوْدَاتٌ is ↓ أَسْوَادَتٌ, which occurs in a trad. (TA.) سُودٌ: see سُودَدٌ.

سَيْدٌ a contraction of سَيِّدٌ, q. v.

سِيدٌ: see art. سيد.

سَوْدَةٌ: see سَوْدٌ b2: Also (assumed tropical:) Land in which are palm-trees: opposed to بَيْضَةٌ. (TA in art. بيض.

[See also السَّوْدَآء, voce أَسْوَدُ, near the end.]) سُودَدٌ a subst. from سَادَ, inf. n. سِيَادَةٌ; signifying [The rank, station, or condition, or the quality or qualities, of a سَيِّد; i. e. chiefdom, lordship, mastery, &c.; or] glory, honour, dignity, (Msb,) or eminence, exalted or elevated state, or nobility: (M, Msb:) or this word, (S, M, K,) and its vars.

سُودُدٌ and سُؤْدَدٌ (M, TA) and سُؤْدُدٌ, (M, K,) of the dial. of Teiyi, (M,) and ↓ سُوِدٌ, (M, K,) are syn. with سِيَادَةٌ (S, M, K) and سَيْدُودَةٌ as inf. ns. of سَادَ [q. v.]. (S, M.) سَوْدَآءُ fem. of أَسْوَدُ [q. v.]. (Msb.) سَوْدَانَةٌ or سُودَانَةٌ: see سُودَانِيَّةٌ.

سِيدَانَةٌ: see سِيدٌ, in art. سيد.

سُودَانِيَّةٌ, (M, A, TA,) or سَوْدَانِيَّةٌ, (Mgh, O,) and ↓ سَوْدَانَةٌ, (M, O,) or سُودَانَةٌ, with damm, like the first, (TA,) and ↓ سَوَادِيَّةٌ (A, K) and ↓ أَسْوَدُ (K) all signify the same; (TA;) A certain bird, that eats grapes: or i. q. عُصْفُورٌ [i. e. the sparrow; or a bird of the passerine kind]: (K:) or a certain small bird, (A, Mgh, O, TA,) having a long tail, (Mgh,) resembling the عصفور, (TA,) sometimes (Mgh) called also ↓ العُصْفُورُ الأَسْوَدُ, (Mgh, O,) of such a size that it may be grasped in the hand, that eats grapes (A, Mgh, O, TA) and dates (A, TA) and locusts. (Mgh, O, TA.) سَوَادٌ Blackness; contr. of بَيَاضٌ; (M, Mgh;) a certain colour, (S, Msb,) well known. (Msb.) One says, لَقِيَهُ فِى سَوَادِ اللَّيْلِ [He met him in the blackness of night]. (TA.) And الشَّاةُ تَمْشِى فِى

سَوَادٍ وَتَأْكُلُ فِى سَوَادٍ وَتَنْظُرُ فِى سَوَادٍ [The sheep, or goat, walks in blackness, and eats in blackness, and looks in blackness]; meaning the blackness of its legs and of its mouth and of what is around its eyes. (Mgh, * Msb.) And إِذَا كَثُرَ البَيَاضُ قَلَّ السَّوَادُ [When whiteness becomes much, blackness becomes little]; by whiteness meaning milk; and by blackness, dates. (TA.) b2: Black clothing. (Mgh in art. بيض. [See its contr.

بَيَاضٌ.]) b3: [Hence,] سَوَادُ القَلْبِ (S, M, A, K) and ↓ سَوَادَتُهُ (M) and ↓ أَسْوَدُهُ and ↓ سَوْدَاؤُهُ (S, M, K) and ↓ سُوَيْدَاؤُهُ, (S, M, A, K,) the last a dim., (TA,) The heart's core; the black, or inner, part of the heart: or a black thing in the heart: or the black clot of blood that is within the heart [resembling a piece of liver (Zj in his “ Khalk el-Insán ”)]: or the heart's blood: i. q. حَبَّتُهُ: (S, M, K, TA:) or, as some say, دَمُهُ. (M, TA.) One says, اِجْعَلْهُمْ فِى سَوَادِ قَلْبِكَ (A, TA) and ↓ سُوَيْدَائِهِ (A) (tropical:) [Place them in the inmost part of thy heart; i. e. give them the best, or most intimate, place in thy affections]. (A, TA.) b4: سَوَادُ البَطْنِ signifies The liver. (L, TA.) b5: سَوادٌ is also syn. with شَخْصٌ (tropical:) [as meaning A person; and also, in a more general sense, a bodily, or corporeal, form or figure or substance]; (A'Obeyd, S, M, A, Msb, K;) of a man, and of other things; (Msb;) expressly said by A'Obeyd to be of any article of household goods or utensils and furniture and the like, and of other things: (M:) because appearing black when seen from a distance: (TA:) pl. أَسْوِدَةٌ and أَسَاوِدُ, (S, M, A,) the latter a pl. pl. (S, M.) El-Asshà says, تَنَاهَيْتُمُ عَنَّا وَقَدْ كَانَ فِيكُمُ

أَسَاوِدُ صَرْعَى لَمْ يُوَسَّدْ قَتِيلُهَا [Ye refrained from retaliating upon us when there were among you prostrate persons the slain whereof had not been pillowed in graves]: by the اساود meaning the شُخُوص of the slain. (S.) And it is said in a trad., إِذَا رَأَى أَحَدُكُمْ سَوَادًا بِلَيْلٍ فَلَا يَكُنْ أَجْبَنَ السَّوَادَيْنِ فَإِنَّهُ يَخَافُكَ كَمَا تَخَافُهُ [When any one of you sees a bodily form, or a person, by night, let him not be the more cowardly of the two bodily forms, or persons; for he feareth thee, like as thou fearest him]: سوادا here meaning شَخْصًا. (L.) The saying لَا يُزَايِلُ سَوَادِى بَيَاضَكَ is expl. by As as meaning لَا يُزايِلُ شَخْصِى شَخْصَكَ [i. e. My person will not separate itself from thy person]: سَوَادٌ, with the Arabs, meaning شَخْصٌ, and in like manner بَيَاضٌ. (IAar, L.) [Hence, app.,] قَالَ لِىَ الشَّرُّ أَقِمْ سَوَادَكَ [as though lit. signifying Evil said to me, Erect thy person]; meaning (assumed tropical:) be thou patient: a prov. (TA.) b6: As its pl. أَسَاوِدُ means the شُخُوص of the vessels of a house, [accord. to the statement of A'Obeyd cited above,] such as the مِطْهَرَة and the إِجَّانَة and the جَفْنَة, these being called أَسَاوِدُ الدَّارِ, it is also used as meaning (assumed tropical:) Household goods or utensils or furniture and the like, absolutely. (Har p. 495.) [And in like manner] the sing. is also used as meaning (assumed tropical:) The travelling-apparatus and baggage and train (ثَقَل) of a commander: (S:) and (assumed tropical:) the tents and apparatus and beasts and other things, collectively, of an army. (TA.) b7: Also, the sing., (assumed tropical:) Property, or cattle, &c.; syn. مَالٌ: (Aboo-Málik, TA:) or much thereof; (A'Obeyd, S, K;) as in the saying لِفُلَانٍ سَوَادٌ [To such a one belongs much property, &c.]. (A'Obeyd, S.) b8: Also (tropical:) A collection, company, or collective body, of men; (M, A, L;) as in the saying كَثَّرْتُ سَوَادَ القَوْمِ بِسَوَادِى (tropical:) [I increased the number of the collective body of the people, or party, by my person]: (A, TA:) and ↓ أًسْوَدَاتٌ and أَسَاوِدُ are used in the same sense; (M;) or [rather] as pls. of this meaning: (L, TA:) or all these as meaning (assumed tropical:) sundry, distinct or separate, sorts of men, or people: (M:) [but] سَوَادُ المُسْلِمِينَ means (assumed tropical:) the collective body of the Muslims: (Mgh, Msb:) and so السَّوَادُ الأَعْظَمُ, a tropical phrase [in which مِنَ المُسْلِمِينَ is understood]: (A:) or this means (tropical:) the great number of the Muslims agreed in obedience to the Imám. (TA.) (assumed tropical:) The commonalty, or generality, of men of people: (S, K:) (assumed tropical:) the bulk, or main part, of a people: (M, TA:) or (assumed tropical:) the greater number. (Msb.) And (assumed tropical:) A great number (S, Msb, K) of any kind. (S.) b9: (assumed tropical:) A collection of palmtrees and of trees in general; on account of their greenness and blackness, because greenness nearly resembles blackness. (M, L.) b10: And (tropical:) The rural district of any province; i. e. the district around the towns or villages, and the رَسَاتِيق [i. e. districts of sown fields with towns or villages], of any province: (M, TA:) or the environs, consisting of towns, or villages, and of cultivated land, (A, TA,) [but more properly applied to the latter than to the former,] of a city, (A,) or of the chief city of a province: (TA:) or the towns, or villages, [but properly with the cultivated lands pertaining to them,] of a province of city: (K:) thus [particularly] of El-Koofeh and El-Basrah: (S, O:) hence, (A,) سَوَادُ العِرَاقِ, (A, Mgh, O, Msb,) or [simply] السَّوَادُ, (K,) the district of towns or villages, and cultivated lands, of El-'Irák; (O, K; *) or the district between ElBasrah and El-Koofeh, with the towns, or villages, around them; (A;) or extending in length from Hadeethet El-Mowsil to 'Abbádán, and in breadth from El-'Odheyb to Holwán; (Mgh;) so called because of the خُضْرَة [which means both greenness and a colour approaching to blackness] of its trees and its seed-produce; (Mgh, Msb;) for that which is أَخْضَر the Arabs term أَسْوَد because it appears to be thus at a distance. (Msb.) سُوَادٌ Secret speech with another; as also سِوَادٌ: (M, K, TA:) each a subst. from سَاوَدَهُ, accord. to A'Obeyd: (M, TA:) but [ISd says,] in my opinion the latter is the inf. n. of سَاوَدَ, [and as such it has been mentioned above, (see 3,)] and the former is the simple subst., the two words being like مُزَاحٌ and مِزَاحٌ: (M:) As disallowed the former, but it is authorized by AO and others. (TA.) A2: Also A certain disease incident to sheep or goats. (K.) b2: And A certain disease incident to man; (K;) a pain that attacks the liver, in consequence of eating dates, and that sometimes, or often, kills. (M, TA.) b3: And A yellowness in the complexion, and a greenness (خُضْرَة [app. here meaning a blackish hue inclining to greenness]) in the nail, (K, TA,) incident to people from [drinking] salt water. (TA.) سَيِّدٌ, (S, M, K, &c.,) of the measure فَعِيلٌ; [originally سَوِيدٌ, for a reason to be mentioned below; the kesreh upon the و, being deemed difficult of pronunciation, is suppressed, and the quiescent و and ى thus coming thgether, the latter receives the rejected kesreh, and the و is changed into ى and incorporated into the augmentative ى; as in the case of جَيِّدٌ with those who hold it to be originally جَوِيدٌ;] or, accord. to the Basrees, it is of the measure فَيْعِلٌ; [originally سَيْوِدٌ;] (S;) and also ↓ سَيْدٌ; (Mz, 40th نوع, section on the class of هَيِّنٌ and هَيْنٌ;) A chief, lord, or master: (M, L, Mgh, Msb: [accord. to the last of which, this is a secondary signification, as will be seen below:]) a prince, or king: (Fr, L:) one who is set before, or over, others: a master of a household: (L:) a woman's husband: (Fr, M, Msb:) a possessor, an owner, or a proprietor: (L, Msb:) a slave's master, or owner: (Fr, M, Msb:) a superior in rank or station or condition; one possessing pre-eminence or excel-lence; a man of rank or quality; a personage; a man of distinction: (L:) one who surpasses others in intelligence and property, and in repelling injury, and in beneficence, or usefulness, who makes a just use of his property, and aids others by himself: (ISh, L:) one possessed of glory, honour, dignity, eminence, exalted or elevated state, or nobility; (L, Msb; [accord. to the latter of which, this is the primary signification;]) generous, noble, or high-born: (L:) the most generous, noble, or high-born, of a people: (Msb:) a liberal, bountiful, or munificent, person: (Fr, L:) clement; forbearing; one who endures injurious treatment from his people: (L:) devout, abstaining from unlawful things, and clement, or forbearing: (Katádeh, L:) one who is not overcome by his anger: ('Ikrimeh, L:) accord. to As, the Arabs say that it signifies any one who is subdued, or repressed, by his principle of clemency, or forbearance: (L:) and ↓ سَائِدٌ signifies the same as سَيِّدٌ: or one inferior to a سَيِّد: (K:) or, accord. to Fr, one says, هٰذَا سَيِّدُ قَوْمِهِ اليَوْمَ [this is the lord, &c., of his people today]; but if you announce that he will be their سيّد after a little while, you say هُوَ سَائِدُ قَوْمِهِ عَنْ قَلِيلٍ, and سَيِّدُ: (S:) the fem. of سَيِّدٌ [and of ↓ سَائِدٌ] is with ة: (M, L, Msb:) pl. of سَيِّدٌ, (S, Msb,) or of ↓ سَائِدٌ, (M, K,) سَادَةٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and سَيَائِدُ (S, K) and [pl. of سَادَةٌ] سَادَاتٌ: (Msb:) [J says that] سَادَةٌ is of the measure فَعَلَةٌ, [orinally سَوَدَةٌ,] because سَيِّدٌ is of the measure فَعِيلٌ; [as has been before mentioned;] and it is like سَرَاةٌ as pl. of سَرِىٌّ, the only other instance of the kind; this being shown to be the case by the fact that سَيِّدٌ has also as a pl. سَيَائِدُ, with ء, [and with the و changed into ى because it is so changed in the sing.,] like as أَفِيلٌ has أَفَائِلُ, and like as تَبِيعٌ has تَبَائِعُ; but the Basrees, who hold سَيِّدٌ to be of the measure فَيْعِلٌ, say that it becomes of the measure فَعَلَةٌ in the pl. as though it were سَائِدٌ, like قَائِدٌ, which has قَادَةٌ as a pl., and like ذَائِدٌ, which has ذَادَةٌ as a pl.; and they also say that سَيَائِدُ, with ء, as pl. of سَيِّدٌ, is contr. to analogy; for by rule it should be without ء. (S.) b2: [In the present day it is also particularly applied to signify, like شَرِيف, Any descendant of the Prophet.] b3: One of the poets has used it in relation to the jinn, or genii; saying, يَنْدُبْنَ سَيِّدَهُنَّةْ جِنٌّ هَبَبْنَ بِلَيْلٍ

[Genii that were roused from their sleep by night, summoning, or perhaps bewailing and eulogizing their chief]: Akh says that this is a well-known verse of the poetry of the Arabs: but it is asserted by one, or more, likewise deserving of reliance, that it is of the poetry of El-Weleed [and therefore post-classical]. (M.) b4: And the wild ass is called (assumed tropical:) the سَيِّد of his female. (TA.) b5: Also, (Ks, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ سِيَّدٌ, (K,) the latter on the authority of Aboo-'Alee, (TA,) applied to a he-goat, (assumed tropical:) Advanced in years: (Ks, S, M; Mgh, Msb, K:) or in its third year: (Mgh:) or great, though not advanced in years: (TA:) or it is of general application, for it occurs in a trad. applied to the camel and the ox-kind. (M, TA.) b6: And the former also signifies (assumed tropical:) What is most eminent, exalted, or noble, of any things: and is applied by Zj to the Kur-án, because, he says, it is سَيِّدُ الكَلَامِ (assumed tropical:) [The paragon of speech]. (M.) سِيَّدٌ: see the last sentence but one above.

سُوَيْدٌ the abbreviated dim. of أَسْوَدُ: (S, Mgh, Msb:) see the latter. b2: Also [as a subst., or an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] Water; (M, Mgh, L;) as also ↓ أَسْوَدُ: (M: [but see الأَسْوَدَانِ, voce أَسْوَدُ:]) the former is [said to be] used in this sense in negative phrases only: (M, L:) one says, مَاسَقَاهُمْ مِنْ سُوَيْدٍ قَطْرَةً He gave them not to drink a drop of water. (M, Mgh, * L.) b3: أُمُّ سُوَيْدٍ means The anus; syn. الاِسْتُ; (K;) [and] so ↓ السُّوَيْدَآءُ. (M.) سَوَادَةُ القَلْبِ: see سَوَادٌ, near the beginning of the paragraph.

سُوَادِىٌّ [or perhaps سَوَادِىٌّ, i. e. “ belonging to the Sawád of El-'Irák,”] i. q. سِهْرِيزٌ (M) A wellknown sort of dates, (K voce سهريز,) found in abundance at El-Basrah. (TA ibid.) سَوَادِيَّةٌ: see سُودَانِيَّةٌ.

سُوَيْدَآءُ dim. of سُوْدَآءُ, fem. of أَسْوَدُ, q. v.: (Mgh:) b2: see also سَوَادٌ, in two places: b3: and سُوَيْدٌ: b4: and أَسْوَدُ, near the end of the paragraph. b5: Also A certain bird. (M.) b6: And Salt tracts (سِبَاخ) of [plants of the kind called] نَجِيل: Kr explains it by نِبْتَةٌ [app. a mistranscription for نَبْتَةٌ a plant]; without describing it. (M.) سَائِدٌ: see سَيِّدٌ, in the middle of the paragraph, in three places.

أَسْوَدُ Greater, and greatest, in respect of estimation, rank, or dignity; syn. أَجَلُّ: (S, K:) and, as some say, more [and most] liberal or bountiful or munificent: or more [and most] clement or forbearing. (TA.) One says, هُوَ أَسْوَدُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ He is greater &c. (أَجَلُّ) than such a one. (S.) And الأَسْوَدُ مِنَ القَوْمِ means The greatest &c. (الأَجَلُّ) of the people, or party. (K, TA.) A2: Also Black; i. e. having سَوَاد, (M, * Mgh,) which is the contr. of بَيَاض: (M, Mgh:) and ↓ أَسْوَدِىٌّ signifies the same as أَسْوَدُ: (Ham p.

379:) [or has an intensive signification, like أَحْمَرىٌّ:] the fem. of أَسْوَدُ is سَوْدَآءُ: (Mgh, Msb:) the dim. of أَسْوَدُ is ↓ أُسَيِّدُ, (S, Msb,) and it is allowable to say ↓ أُسَيْوِدُ, [as is shown by an ex. voce أَسَكُّ,] meaning [a little black thing; or blackish, or] approaching to black; (S;) and the abbreviated dim. is ↓ سُوَيْدٌ: (S, Mgh, Msb:) the dim. of سَوْدَآءُ is ↓ سُوَيْدَآءُ: (Mgh:) the pl. of أَسْوَدُ (M, Msb) and of سَوْدَآءُ (Msb) is سُودٌ (M, Msb) and سُودَانٌ [which latter is especially applied to human beings]. (M.) السُّودَانُ is said in the R to denote [The negroes;] that particular people, or race, who are the most stinking of mankind in the armpits and sweat, and the more so those who are eunuchs. (TA.) [It (i. e. السودان) is also sometimes used for أَرْضُ السُّودَانِ, or بِلَادُ السُّودَانِ, (The land, or the country, of the negroes,) or the like: it is thus used in the TA voce سَمْغَرَةُ.] and the epithet أَسْوَدُ is also applied by the Arabs to a thing that is أَخْضَر [i. e. green]; because it appears to be thus at a distance. (Msb. [See أَخْضَرُ: and see حَدِيقَةٌ دَهْمَآءُ and مُدْهَامَّةٌ, voce أَدْهَمُ.]) b2: [Hence,] أَسْوَدُ القَلْبِ and سَوْدَآؤُهُ: see سَوَادٌ. b3: [And السَّوْدَآءُ The black bile; one of the four humours of the body; of which the others are the yellow bile (الصَّفْرَآءُ), the blood (الدَّمُ), and the phlegm (البَلْغَمُ).] b4: أَسْوَدُ as opposed to أَحْمَرُ [and meaning The Arab race, and also, accord. to some, in this case also, the black]: see أَحْمَرُ, in two places. b5: As applied to a certain bird: see سُودَانِيَّةٌ, in two places. b6: Also, as a subst., (S,) or an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates, (Sh, M,) so that it is used as a subst., (Sh, TA,) but imperfectly decl., (TA,) (tropical:) A great serpent, (S, M, K,) in which is blackness: (S, M:) the worst and greatest and most noxious of serpents, than which there is none more daring, for sometimes it opposes itself to a company of travellers, and follows the voice, and it is that which seeks retaliation, and he who is bitten by it will not escape death: (Sh, TA:) it is pluralized as a subst., (Sh, S, M,) its pl. being

أَسَاوِدُ (S, M) and أَسَاوِيدُ and ↓ أَسْوَدَاتٌ: (M:) were it an epithet [used as such], its pl. would be سُودٌ: it is also called أَسْوَدُ سَالِحٌ, because it casts off its slough every year: you do not say أَسْوَدُ سَالِخٍ: (S:) the female is called ↓ أَسْوَدَةٌ, (S, M,) which is extr.; (M;) and to this the epithet سَالِخَةٌ is not applied. (S.) b7: الأَسْوَدَانِ means (assumed tropical:) The serpent and the scorpion; (Sh, Mgh, Msb, K;) which are to be killed during prayer: (Sh, Mgh, Msb:) so called by the attribution of predominance [to the former]. (Sh, TA.) b8: and (tropical:) Dates and water; (El-Ahmar, As, S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) both together being thus called by a term which properly applies to one only, [accord. to some,] for [they say that] الأَسْوَدُ alone signifies dates, not water, and especially, or mostly, the dates of El-Medeeneh; and in like manner, Aboo-Bekr and 'Omar together are called العُمَرَانِ; and the sun and the moon together, القَمَرَانِ: (TA:) or, as some say, it means water and milk; and is applied by a rájiz to water and the herb called الفَثّ, of [the grain of] which bread is made, and is eaten [in time of dearth or drought]. (M, L.) See also سُوَيْدٌ. b9: Also (assumed tropical:) The حَرَّة [or tract strewn with black and crumbling stones] and night: (S, M, L:) so called because of their blackness. (M, L.) A party came as guests to Muzebbid El-Medenee, and he said to them, “There is nothing for you with us but the أَسْوَدَانِ: ” and they replied, “Verily therein is a sufficiency: dates and water: ” but he said, “ I meant not that: I only meant the حَرَّة and the night. ” (S, M.) And as to the saying of 'Áïsheh, that she was with the Prophet when they had no food, but only the أَسْوَدَانِ, which is expl. by the lexicologists as meaning dates and water, [and thus by Mtr in the Mgh, ISd says,] in my opinion she only meant the حَرَّة and night. (M.) b10: هُوَ أَسْوَدُ الكَبِدِ [lit. He is black-livered] means (tropical:) he is an enemy: (A, TA:) and سُودُ الأَكْبَادِ means (tropical:) enemies. (M, A.) b11: You say also, جَآءَ فُلَانٌ بِغَنَمِهِ سُودَ البُطُونِ, and, in like manner, حُمْرَ الكُلَى, both meaning (tropical:) Such a one brought his sheep, or goats, in a lean, or an emaciated, state. (As, S, and A in art. حمر.) b12: and رَمَى بِسَهْمِهِ الأَسْوَدِ (tropical:) He shot with his lucky arrow, (A, K,) that was smeared with blood, (A,) by means of which he looked for good fortune, (K, TA,) because he had shot with it and hit the object shot at, (TA,) or as though it were black (K, TA) with blood, (TA,) or by its having been much handled. (K, TA.) b13: and كَلَّمْتُهُ فَمَا رَدَّ عَلَىَّ سَوْدَآءَ وَلَا بَيْضَآءَ (tropical:) I spoke to him, and he did not return to me a bad word nor a good one: (S, L:) or a single word. (A.) b14: وَطْأَةٌ سَوْدَآءُ means (assumed tropical:) A footstep, or footprint, that is becoming effaced: a recent one is termed حَمْرَآءُ. (S.) b15: السَّوْدَآءُ (assumed tropical:) Cultivated, or planted, land; opposed to البَيْضَآءُ [q. v.]. (TA in art. بيض.

[See also سَوْدَةٌ.]) b16: [But سَنَةٌ سَوْدَآءُ means (assumed tropical:) A very severe year; more severe than such as is termed حَمْرَآءُ; which is more severe than the بَيْضآء, and still more so than the شَهْبَآء: see arts. شهب and حمر.] b17: الحَبَّةُ السَّوْدَآءُ, said in a trad. to be a remedy for every disease except death, (TA,) i. q. الشُّونِيزُ [q. v.], (K,) as also ↓ السُّوَيْدَآءُ, (TA,) [i. e.] this latter signifies حَبَّةُ الشُّونِيزِ, (M,) or properly الشِّينِيز, for thus the Arabs called it accord. to IAar: or, as some say, i. q. الحَبَّةُ الخَضْرَآءُ [q. v. in art. حب], because the Arabs [often] call black أَخْضَر, and green أَسْوَد. (TA.) A3: It is also used as an epithet denoting excess; but as such is anomalous, being formed from a verb whence the simple epithet is of the measure أَفْعَلُ: so in the saying, أَسْوَدُ مِنْ حَلَكِ الغُرَابِ [Blacker than the blackness, or intense blackness, of the crow, or raven: see حَلَكٌ]. (I'Ak p. 237. [See also its contr. أَبْيَضُ, voce بَيَاضٌ; and see Har p. 286.]) أَسْوَدَةٌ fem. of أَسْوَدُ, q. v., used as a subst. (S, M.) أَسْوَدَاتٌ: see سَوْدٌ: b2: and سَوَادٌ: b3: and أَسْوَدُ.

أَسْوَدِىٌّ: see أَسْوَدُ, fourth sentence.

أُسَيْدِىٌّ, rel. n. of أُسَيِّدُ with the movent ى rejected, Of, or relating to, [a blackish colour, or] a colour approaching to black. (S.) أُسَيِّدُ and أُسَيْوِدُ: see أًسْوَدُ, fourth sentence.

مِسَادٌ, A skin for clarified butter, or for honey. (TA in this art. [See also art. مسد; and see مِسْأَدٌ, in art سأد.]) مَسُودٌ One over whom rule, or dominion, is exercised; or of whom another is سَيِّد [or chief, lord, master, &c.]. (TA.) مُسْوِدٌ [act. part. n. of أَسْوَدَ, q. v.:] with ة, i. e. مُسْوِدَةٌ, A woman who brings forth black children: the contr. is termed مُبْيِضَةٌ, (Fr, K in art. بيض,) or, more commonly, مُوضِحَةٌ. (O and TA in that art.) مَآءٌ مَسْوَدَةٌ Water that is a cause of [the disease called] سُوَاد (M, K, TA) to such as drink it. (TA.) ظّلَّ وَجْهُهُ مُسْوَدًّا, in the Kur [xvi. 60 and xliii.

16], means (assumed tropical:) [His face becomes, or continues, or continues all the day,] expressive of sorrow, or displeasure. (Mgh. [See the verb, 9.]) and أَيَّامٌ مُسْوَدَّةٌ means (assumed tropical:) [Days of] evil state or condition, and hardness, or difficulty, of living. (Har p. 304.) b2: [مُسْوَدَّةٌ The first draught, or original copy, of a book, or the like: (not called مُسَوَّدَةٌ:) opposed to مُبْيَضَّةٌ, q. v.: probably postclassical.]

مُسَوَّدٌ Guts (مُصْرَان) containing blood drawn by venesection from a she-camel, bound at the head, roasted and eaten. (IAar and K as expl. by MF.) المُسَوِّدَةُ The partisans of the dynasty of the 'Abbásees; [so called because they made their clothes black;] opposed to the مُبَيِّضَة. (S and K in art. بيض.) مَسْؤُودٌ part. n. of سُئِدُ. (K. [See 1, last signification.])

سبر

1 سَبَرَ الجُرْحَ, (S, M, A, &c.,) aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb) and سَبِرَ, (M, TA,) inf. n. سَبْرٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) and ↓ استبرهُ; (K;) He probed the wound; measured its depth with the مِسْبَار, i. e., with an iron or other instrument; (A, Mgh:) tried, (K,) or examined, (S,) or endeavoured to learn, (Msb,) its depth; (S, Msb, K;) examined its extent. (M.) b2: سَبَرَهُ (assumed tropical:) He determined, or computed by conjecture or by the eye, its measure, quantity, size, or bulk. (M, K, * TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) He tried, proved, or tested, it; proved it by experiment or experience; (S, M, TA;) namely, anything; as also ↓ استبرهُ. (S.) b4: (assumed tropical:) He elicited its true, or real, condition. (TA.) b5: It is related in the trad. of the cave, that Aboo-Bekr said to Mohammad, لَا تَدْخُلْهُ حَتَّى أَسْبُرَهُ قَبْلَكَ (assumed tropical:) Do not thou enter it until I explore it before thee, and see if there be in it any one, or anything that may hurt. (TA.) b6: مَفَازَةٌ لَا تُسْبَرُ (tropical:) A desert of which the extent cannot be known. (A.) b7: سَبَرْتُ فُلَانًا (tropical:) [I searched into such a one]. (A.) — فُيهِ خَيْرٌ كَثِيرٌ لَا يُسْبَرُ (tropical:) [In him is much good, the extent of which cannot be known]. (A.) b8: أَمْرٌ عَظِيمٌ لَا يُسْبَرُ (tropical:) [A great affair, of which the uttermost cannot be known]. (A.) b9: اُسْبُرْ لِى مَا عِنْدَهُ (assumed tropical:) Learn thou for me what he has [in his mind, or in his possession]. (M.) b10: سَبَرْتُ القَوْمَ, aor. ـُ and سَبِرَ, inf. n. سَبْرٌ, (assumed tropical:) I observed the people attentively, with investigation, one after another, that I might know their number. (Msb.) 8 إِسْتَبَرَ see 1, in two places.

سَبْرٌ: see سِبْرٌ.

A2: Also The lion. (El-Mu- ärrij, K.) سِبْرٌ (S, M, K) and ↓ سَبْرٌ (M, K) The source, or origin, [of a thing,] syn. أَصْلٌ: (M, K:) pl. of both أَسْبَارٌ. (M.) b2: (tropical:) Form, or appearance; figure, feature, or lineaments; external state or condition; state with regard to apparel and the like; (S, M, K;) or goodly form or appearance &c.; (K;) aspect; garb, or habit; (TA;) colour, or complexion; (M, K;) beauty; (K;) brightness of countenance: (M:) pl. of both as above. (M.) b3: IAar says, I heard Aboo-Ziyád El-Kilábee say, I returned from Marw to the desert, and one of its people said to me, أَمَّا السِّبْرُ فَحَضَرِىٌّ وَأَمَّا اللِّسَانُ فَبَدَوِىٌّ (tropical:) As to garb and appearance, [thou art like] an inhabitant of a town; but as to tongue, an inhabitant of the desert. (S, * TA.) b4: You say, فُلَانٌ حَسَنُ الحِبْرِ وَالسِّبْرِ (tropical:) Such a one is beautiful and of goodly appearance. (S.) [See also حِبْرٌ.] b5: A woman of the desert said, أَعْجَبَنِى سِبْرُ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) The good condition, and flourishing state of body, of such a one pleased me: and رَأَيْتُهُ سَيِّئَ السِّبْرِ (tropical:) I saw him to have an altered and ill appearance of body: thus she assigned to سبر two significations. (TA.) b6: One says also, إِنَّهُ لَحَسَنُ السِّبْرِ (tropical:) Verily he is goodly in complexion and appearance. (TA.) b7: سِبْرٌ also signifies (tropical:) A characteristic by which one knows the generousness or ungenerousness of a beast. (Az, M.) b8: And (assumed tropical:) One's knowledge of the fruitfulness or unfruitfulness [or the good or bad condition] of a beast. (Az, TA.) b9: Also (assumed tropical:) Likeness; syn. شَبَهٌ. (K, TA. [In some copies of the K, سُبَّةٌ, which is an evident mistake.]) So in the phrase, occurring in a trad., غَلَبَ عَلَيْهِمْ سِبْرُ أَبِى بَكْرٍ (assumed tropical:) The likeness (شَبَه) of Aboo-Bekr predominated in them. (IAar, TA.) One says also, عَرَفَهُ بِسِبْرِ أَبِيهِ (assumed tropical:) He knew him by the appearance and likeness of his father. (TA.) b10: Also the former (سِبْرٌ), Enmity, (K,) accord. to El-Muärrij; but Az says that this is strange. (TA.) سَبْرَةٌ A cold morning, between daybreak and sunrise: (S, M, A, Mgh, K:) or from the time a little before daybreak to daybreak: or from daybreak to sunrise: (M:) or a cold morning during the period next after sunrise: (Msb:) pl. سَبَرَاتٌ: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) which latter is also expl. as signifying the intenseness of the cold of winter, and of the year. (TA.) سُبْرُتٌ and سِبْرَاتٌ and سُبْرُوتٌ and سِبْرِيتٌ: &c.: see art. سبرت.

سُبْرُورٌ Poor; (K, TA;) possessing no property: like سُبْرُوتٌ, in this sense, and in that following. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) Land in which is no herbage. (K, TA.) سِبَارٌ and ↓ مِسْبَارٌ A probe; an instrument with which a wound is probed; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ مِسْبَرٌ: (Ham p. 818:) a twist like a wick, (T, Msb,) or a similar thing, (Msb,) which is put into a wound (T, Msb) to ascertain its depth; (Msb;) an iron or other instrument with which the depth of a wound is measured: (A, Mgh:) pl. of the first, سُبُرٌ; and of ↓ the second, مَسَابِيرُ. (Msb.) It is said in a prov., مَا عُرِفَ ↓ لَوْ لَا المِسْبَارُ غَوْرُ الجُرْحِ [Were it not for the probe, the depth of the wound would not be known]. (A.) And ↓ بَعِيدُ المِسْبَارِ is applied as an epithet to a woman's vulva [or vagina, in an obvious sense,] by Ibn-Habeeb: and accord. to the K, to a woman [in allusion to her vagina]. (TA in art. خجى.) سَبَارٍ an irreg. pl. of سُبْرُوتٌ: see the latter in art. سبرت.

سَابِرِىٌّ A coat of mail made of slender rings, and strongly: (K:) so called in relation to the king Sáboor. (TA.) b2: Hence, (TA,) or from Sáboor, a province of Persia, (Mgh, Msb,) A thin, or delicate, kind of garment or cloth, (IDrd, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) of excellent quality: (K:) and anything thin, or delicate. (M.) Whence the prov., عَرْضٌ سَابِرِيٌّ (S, M, * K *) A slight exhibition: (M:) [see variations of this phrase in art. عرض, under عَرَضَ الشَّىْءَ:] said to him to whom a thing is shown in a slight manner: (S:) because the garment or cloth called سابرىّ, (S, K,) being of the best of qualities, (S,) is desired when exhibited in the slightest manner. (S, K. [See the first paragraph in art. عرض; and see also عَرَضَ عَلَىَّ سَوْمَ عَالَّةٍ in the first paragraph of art. سوم.]) b3: A certain sort of dates, (S, Msb, K,) of good quality. (Msb, K.) It is said that the best of the dates in El-Koofeh are the نِرْسِيَان and the سابرىّ. (S.) b4: نَخْلَةٌ سَابِرِيَّةٌ A palmtree of which the unripe dates are yellow and somewhat long. (AHát, Msb.) مَسْبَرٌ (assumed tropical:) [The internal state or condition of a man]. You say, حَمَدْتُ مَسْبَرَهُ and مَخَبَرَهُ (assumed tropical:) [I praised his internal state or condition]: (S:) and ↓ مَسْبَرَةٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The internal state or condition; an internal, or intrinsic, quality; or the intrinsic, or real, as opposed to the apparent, state, or aspect. (TA.) مِسْبَرٌ: see سِبَارٌ.

مَسْبَرَةٌ The utmost point of a wound. (M.) b2: See also مَسْبَرٌ.

مِسْبَارٌ: see سِبَارٌ, in four places. b2: It may also be applied to (assumed tropical:) A man who probes a wound. (Ham p. 818.) مَسْبُورٌ Goodly in form or appearance; in figure, feature, or lineaments; in external state or condition; in state of apparel or the like. (K, TA.)