جنب

1 جَنَبَهُ He broke his side: (S, K:) or he hit, or hurt, his side. (TA.) [The aor. of the verb in this sense is probably جَنُبَ, and the inf. n., accord. to the TK, is جَنْبٌ.] b2: He led him by his side; (S, A, * Msb, K;) namely, a horse (S, A, Msb, TA) or the like, (S, A,) and a captive. (S, TA.) In this sense, its aor. is جَنُبَ, (A, Msb, TA,) and the inf. n. جَنَبٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and مَجْنَبٌ. (K.) Hence, طَوْعُ الجَنَبِ: see جِنَابٌ.

جَنَبٌ which is forbidden (S, A, TA) in a trad., [in which it is said, لَا جَلَبَ وَلَا جَنَبَ] (A, TA) relating to horse-racing and to [the collecting of] the poor-rate, (TA,) means [in the former case] A man's leading, by the side of a horse that he rides in a race, another horse, (S, A, K,) without a rider, (TA,) and when the horse that he rides has become languid and weak, (K,) or when he fears that he will not outstrip upon it, (S,) or when he draws near to the goal, (A,) transferring himself to the other, (S, A, K,) in order that he may outstrip: (A:) and in relation to the poorrate, it means the collector's alighting in the most remote of the places whence the portion appointed for the poor-rate is to be collected, and then ordering that the camels or the like [that constitute that portion] shall be led to him: or the going of the owner of the property to a distance, [or aside, or out of the way,] with his property, so that the collector is obliged to go to a distance in quest of it. (K. See more in art. جلب, first paragraph.) b3: He placed, or put, at a distance, or he put, or sent, away, or far away, or far off, or he removed far away, alienated, or estranged, him, or it; (K;) as though he put him, or it, aside, or as though he walked aside; as also ↓ جانبهُ (TA.) And He pushed, thrust, or drove, him, or it, away, aside, or to a distance. (K, * TA.) and جَنَبَهُ الشَّىْءَ (S, K, *) or الشَّرَّ (Fr, Zj, Msb,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K;) and ↓ جنّبهُ, (Fr, Zj, S, A, Msb, K,) but this has an intensive signification; (Msb;) and ↓ اجنبهُ; (Fr, Zj, A, K;) He put aside, or away, or he warded off, from him, (S,) or he removed from him, (S, Msb, K,) or removed far from him, (Msb, K,) the thing, (S, K, *) or evil. (Fr, Zj, A, Msb.) It is said in the Kur [xiv. 38], وَاجْنُبْنِى وَبَنِىَّ أَنْ نَعْبُدَ الأَصْنَامَ [and put Thou away from me and my sons our worshipping of idols], (S,) or, accord. to one reading, ↓ وَأَجْنِبْنِى. (TA.) b4: He yearned towards, longed for, or desired, him, or it. (K, * TA.) A2: جَنَبَ بِهِ, aor. ـُ [He went aside, apart, out of the way, to a distance, or far away, with him, or it: or, like جَنَبَهُ, in a sense explained above,] he placed, or put, at a distance, or he put, or sent, away, or far away, or far off, him, or it. (K, TA.) b2: جَنَبَ فِى بَنِى فُلَانٍ, (S, K, *) aor. ـُ inf. n. جَنَابَةٌ; (S;) and ↓ تجنّب; (so, app., in the TA;) He alighted, or descended and abode, or settled, as a stranger, among the sons of such a one. (S, K, * TA.) One says, نِعْمَ القَوْمُ هُمْ لِجَارِ الجَنَابَةِ [Excellent are the people, they,] to the neighbour who is a stranger. (S. [See also جُنُبٌ.]) And لَا تَحْرِمَنِّى عَنْ جَنَابَةٍ Do not thou by any means refuse me because of being remote (S, A, TA) in respect of relationship. (A, TA.) [See also جَنَابَةٌ mentioned below as a subst.] b3: جَنَبَتِ الرِّيحُ, (S, A, K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. جُنُوبٌ; (K;) and ↓ اجنبت; (TA;) The wind was, or became, such as is termed جَنُوب [i. e. south, or southerly]; (K;) it blew in the direction of the wind thus called: (A, TA:) or the former, (S,) or جَنِبَت, (TA,) the wind changed, or veered, so as to become جَنُوب (S, TA.) b4: [And hence, (see جَنُوبٌ,)]

جَنَبَ إِلَيْهِ, (IAar, K,) or إِلَى لِقَائِهِ, (TA,) aor. ـُ (K;) and جَنِبَ, aor. ـَ (Th, K;) [inf. n., app., جَنْبٌ, for the verb is said in the K to be like نَصَرَ and سَمِعَ;] (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, disquieted by vehement desire to see him, or to meet him. (K, * TA.) A3: جَنِبَ, aor. ـَ (S,) inf. n. جَنَبٌ, (S, K,) He (a camel) limped, or halted, by reason of [pain in] his side: (S:) or he had an affection resembling ظَلْع [i. e. limping, or halting], (K, TA,) but not the same as this: (TA:) and, (K,) or accord. to As, (S,) his lungs clave to his side by reason of vehement thirst: (S, K:) or, accord. to the Arabs of the desert, as ISk says, he became bent, or contorted, by reason of vehemence of thirst: (S:) and he (a camel) had a pain in his side from vehemence of thirst. (TA.) The epithet is ↓ جَنِبٌ; which is applied by Dhu-r-Rummeh to an ass. (S, TA.) b2: جنبت الدَّلْوُ [app. جَنِبَت] The bucket inclined to one side in consequence of the breaking of one or two of the thongs attacking it to the cross-bars. (L, TA.) A4: جَنِبَ and جَنُبَ and جَنَبَ are syn. with أَجْنَبَ in a sense explained below: see 4.

A5: جُنِبَ He had, or became affected by, the disease termed ذَاتُ الجَنْبِ [or pleurisy]: (S, Mgh, Msb:) he had a complaint of his side. (K.) A6: جُنِبُوا They were, or became, affected by the [south, or southerly, wind called] جُنُوب. (S, A, K.) And also, [in allusion to the fertilizing effect attributed to the wind so called,] They were, or became, affected by that wind in their cattle. (L, TA.) 2 جنّبهُ: see 1: b2: and see also 3.

A2: جنبّ, inf. n. تَجْنِيبٌ, He did not send the stallion-camel among his she-camels, nor the ram or he-goat among his ewes or she-goats. (K.) b2: جنّب القَوْمُ The milk of the people's camels became little: (S:) or the people's milk ceased; (K, TA;) or became little: or the people's camels had no milk: and جنّب said of a man, his camels had no milk, nor had his sheep or goats. (TA.) Hence, عَامُ تَجْنِيبٍ [A year of little, or no, milk]. (S, TA.) b3: جنّبت الأِبِلُ The camels, with the exception of one or two, brought forth no young. (Az, TA.) The camels did not conceive, so as to have milk. (TA.) A3: تَجْنِيبٌ [as an inf. n. of which the verb, if it have one in any of the following senses, is جُنِّبَ,] also signifies A bending, or curving, and tension [of the sinews] (تَوْتِيرٌ), of the hind leg of a horse; which is a quality approved: (S, K:) or, accord. to AO, a turning aside of his fore legs in raising them and putting them down: but accord. to As, it is in the kind legs, and تَحْنِيبٌ is in the back-bone and in the fore legs. (TA.) [See also 2 in art حنب; and see also مُجَنَّبٌ.]3 جانبهُ, (A, K,) inf. n. مُجَانَبَةٌ and جِنَابٌ, (K,) He was, or became, at, or by, his side: (A, K:) and he walked, or went, by his side. (A.) A2: Also i. q. بَا عَدَهُ; (A, K;) i. e. He was, or became, [distant, remote, far off, or aloof, from him; or] apart from him; or in a part, quarter, or tract, different from that in which he (the other) was; (TA;) thus bearing two contr. significations. (A, K.) جانبهُ and ↓ تجانبهُ and ↓ تجنّبُهُ and ↓ اجتنبهُ all signify the same, (S, K,) i. e. He was, or became, distant, remote, far off, or aloof, or he went, or removed, or retired, or withdrew himself, to a distance, or far away, or far off, or he alienated, or estranged, himself, or he stood, or kept, aloof, from him, or it; he shunned, or avoided, him, or it; as also ↓ جِنّبه (K) [and مِنْهُ ↓ تجنّب]. You say, جَانِبِ اللِّئَامَ [Remove thyself far from the mean, or ignoble; stand, or keep, aloof from them; shun, or avoid, them]. (A.) And لَجَّ فِى جِنَابٍ قَبِيحٍ He persisted in removing himself to a distance, or estranging himself, from his family. (S, A, K. [In two copies of the S, I find جناب here written with fet-h to the ج; but it is expressly said in the TA to be with kesr.]) b2: See also 1.4 اجنبهُ: see 1, in the former half of the paragraph, in two places.

A2: اجنب, (S, IAth, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. إِجْنَابٌ; (IAth, TA;) and ↓ جَنِبَ; (IB, K;) but the former is more common than the latter; and the latter, than the next here following; (IB, TA;) and ↓ جَنُبَ (S, Msb, K,) [inf. n. جَنَابَةٌ, agreeably with analogy;] and ↓ جَنَبَ, aor. ـُ (L, TA;) and أُجْنِبَ, and ↓ استجنب, (K,) and ↓ تجنّب; (L, TA;) He was, or became, in the state of one who is termed جُنُب; (S, IAth, Mgh, L, Msb, K;) i. e., under the obligation of performing a total ablution, by reason of sexual intercourse and discharge of the semen. (IAth, TA.) لَا يُجْنِبُ, said by I' Ab, of a man, and of a garment, and of the ground, (TA,) and of water, (Mgh, TA,) means (tropical:) He, or it, will not become polluted (Mgh, TA) by the touch of him who is جُنُب so that one should need total ablution in consequence of the touching thereof. (TA.) A3: اجنبوا They entered upon [a time in which blew] the [south, or southerly,] wind termed الجُنُوب. (S, A, K.) b2: See also 1 in the latter half of the paragraph.5 تَجَنَّبَ see 1: b2: and 3, in two places: b3: and 4.6 تَجَاْنَبَ see 3.8 إِجْتَنَبَ see 3.10 إِسْتَجْنَبَ see 4.

جَنْبٌ, a word of well-known meaning; (S;) The side, or half, or lateral half, syn. شِقٌّ, (A, K,) of a man &c.; as also ↓ جَانِبٌ and ↓ جَنَبَةٌ: (K:) or the part of a man that is beneath the arm-pit, extending to the flank; as also ↓ جَانِبٌ, because it is the side of the person: (Msb:) pl. (of the first, Msb) جُنُوبٌ (Msb, K) and [of the same, a pl. of pauc.,] أَجْنَابٌ (CK) and [of جَانِبٌ]

جَوَانِبُ (Lh, ISd, K, but not in the CK) and [app. of جَنْبٌ (like as لَيَائِلُ is a pl. of لَيْلٌ) or of جَنَبَةٌ (like as حَوَائِجُ is pl. of حَاجَةٌ which is originally حَوَجَةٌ) or of both these] ↓ جَنائِبُ (M, K,) which is extr. (M, TA.) [Hence,] قَعَدْتُ إِلَى جَنْبِ فُلَانٍ and فلان ↓ الى جَانِبِ [I sat by the side of such a one]: both meaning the same. (S.) And ↓ إِنَّهُ لَمُنْتَفِخُ الجَوَانِبِ [Verily he is inflated in the side]: جوانب being here one of those words which are used in the sing. sense though in the pl. form. (Lh, TA.) And أَعْطَاهُ الجَنْبَ [lit. He gave him the side; meaning] he was, or became, submissive, manageable, easy, or tractable, to him. (A.) And جَارُ الجَنْبِ He who cleaves to one, keeping by one's side. (K. [Differing from جَارُ الجُنُبِ, q. v. infrà.]) And الصَّاحِبُ بِالجَنْبِ [in the Kur iv. 40] The travelling-companion; the companion in a journey: (S, K:) or he who is near one; or by one's side: or the companion in every good affair: or the husband: or the wife. (TA.) And ذَاتُ الجَنْبِ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) with which ↓ الجُنَابُ is syn., (K,) [and sometimes الجَنْبُ, as will be seen in what follows,] A well-known disease; (Mgh;) [the pleurisy; called by the first of these three appellations in the present day;] a severe disease, being an inflammatory tumour in the [pleura, or] membrane within the ribs: (Msb:) or an ulcer, or a purulent pustule, that comes within a man's side: (S, TA:) it is a severe disease in the side: accord. to El-Hejeree, it is in either side; and they assert that when it is in the left side, the patient perishes: accord. to ISh, the دُبَيْلَة; which is an ulcer that penetrates into the belly: or the ulcer (دُبَيْلَة and دُمَّل) that comes forth within the side, and discharges internally; the sufferer from which seldom recovers: he who suffers from it [and dies in consequence], or, as some say, he who is afflicted by a complaint of the side (absolutely) while warring in the cause of God, is reckoned a martyr: (TA:) [soldiers in a campaign are notoriously more subject to it than persons in most other circumstances; and it is app. for this reason that] it is termed دَآءُ الصَّنَادِيدِ [the disease of the courageous chiefs]. (A, TA.) ذُو الجَنْبِ, of which ذَاتُ الجُنْبِ is the fem., signifies Having a complaint of his side by reason of [the disease above mentioned, or what is termed] الدُّبَيْلَة. (TA. [See also مَجْنُوبٌ.]) b2: A poet says, النَّاسُ جَنْبٌ وَالأَمِيرُ جَنْبُ [The people are a side and the prince is a side]: (Akh, S, TA:) as though he reckoned the latter equal to all the people. (TA. [This is cited in the S and TA as though it were an ex. of جنب in the sense here next following: but it seems to be rather an ex. of this word in the sense first explained in the present paragraph.]) b3: I. q. نَاحِيَةٌ [A side; meaning a lateral, or an outward or adjacent, part or portion, region, quarter, or tract; or a part, region, quarter, or tract, considered with respect to its collocation or juxtaposition or direction, or considered as belonging to a whole; a vicinage, or neighbourhood]; (S, K;) as also ↓ جَانِبٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ جَنَابٌ and ↓ جَنْبَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ جَنَبَةٌ (S) and ↓ جَنَابَةٌ. (L, TA.) It is said that the primary signification of جَنْبٌ is the part of the body mentioned in the beginning of this paragraph, and that its use in the sense of نَاحيَةٌ is metaphorical, as is the case of يَمِينٌ and شِمَالٌ; but نَاحِيَةٌ is mentioned in the Msb as the primary signification of ↓ جَانِبٌ; (MF, TA;) though its primary signification accord. to the K and ISd seems to be that first mentioned. (TA.) You say, ↓ مَشَوْا جَانِبَيْهِ and ↓ جَنَابَيْهِ and ↓ جَنْبَتَيْهِ and ↓ جَنَابَتَيْهِ [They walked, or went on foot, on either side of him]. (A, TA. *) And ↓ مَرُّوا يَسِيرُونَ جَنَابَيْهِ (S, L) and ↓ جَنْبَتَيْهِ and ↓ جَنَابَتَيْهِ (L, TA) They went along journeying on either side of him. (S, L.) And كُنَّا عَنْهُمْ

↓ جَنَا بَيْنِ and ↓ جَنَابًا We were apart from them [on two sides and on one side]. (TA.) And نَزَلُوا الوَادِى ↓ فِى جَنَابَاتِ [They alighted in the sides of the valley, or in the tracts beside the valley]. (A.) And ↓ فُلَانٌ لَا يَطُورُ بِجَنَبَتِنَا Such a one will not approach our quarter: (S:) thus accord. to AO; with fet-h to the ن: IJ, however, says, people are wont to say, ↓ أَنَا فِى ذَرَاكَ وَجَنَبَتِكَ [meaning I am under thy protection and in thy quarter]; but that the correct expression is ↓ جَنْبَتِكَ, with the ن quiescent. (IB, TA.) The Arabs also said, سُهَيْلٍ ↓ الحَرُّ جَانِبَىْ, meaning (assumed tropical:) The heat is on either side of Suheyl [or Canopus: i. e., during the period next before, and that next after, the auroral rising of Canopus; which rising began, in central Arabia, at the commencement of the era of the Flight, about the 4th of August, O. S.]: this is the greatest heat. (TA.) One also says, ↓ أَحَاطُوا بِهِ مِنْ جَانِبَيْهِ [meaning They surrounded him on all his sides; lit., on his two sides]; dividing the surrounding parts into two, but not meaning that any of these remained vacant. (Expos. of the exs. cited as testimonies by Sb, TA in art. حول.) b4: Also, [and ↓ جَانِبٌ, which is thus used in the L in art. جنح, and by many authors,] A part, or portion, of a thing; (L;) the greater, or main, or chief, part or portion thereof; most thereof; (L, K;) or a great part or portion thereof; much thereof. (L.) Hence, [or perhaps from جَنْبٌ in the second of the senses assigned to it above, conveying the idea of juxtaposition, and thus of comparison,] هٰذَا قَلِيلٌ جَنْبِ مَوَدَّتِكَ [This is little in comparison with the magnitude of thy love; or simply, in comparison with thy love]. (TA.) b5: يَا حَسْرَتَا عَلَى مَا فَرَّطْتُ فِى جنْبِ اللّٰهِ [in the Kur xxxix. 57] means ↓ فى جَانِبِه, i. e. (assumed tropical:) [O my grief, or regret, for my negligence, or remissness,] in respect of that which is the right, or due, of God! (A, Bd, TA,) i. e., (Bd,) in respect of obedience to God! (Bd, Jel:) or, in respect of [the means of attaining] nearness to God! (Fr, TA;) or, nearness to God in Paradise! (IAar, TA:) or, in respect of the way of God, to which He hath called me! i. e., the profession of his unity, and the confession of the prophetic office of Mohammad. (Zj, TA.) The saying of the Arabs, اِتَّقِ اللّٰهَ فِى جَنْبِهِ وَلَا تَقْدَحْ فِى سَاقِهِ [may be rendered (assumed tropical:) Fear God in respect of his (thy brother's) right, or due, and impugn not his honour, or reputation: or] means, accord. to the copies of the K, لَا تَقْتُلْهُ [slay him not], or, as in the L, and in the original draught of the author [of the K] لا تَغْتَلْهُ [slay him not clandestinely, or on an occasion of inadvertence], from الغِيلَةُ, and throw him not into trouble, or trial: (TA:) or, accord. to some, فى جنبه means in detracting from his reputation, or reviling him. (K, TA. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 240.]) A poet, cited by IAar, says, خَلِيلَىَّ كُفَّا وَاذْكُرَا اللّٰهَ فِى جَنْبِى (assumed tropical:) [O my two friends, refrain, and be mindful of God in respect of my reputation; (see also جَانِبٌ;)] meaning, in detracting from my reputation, or reviling me: or, accord. to MF, in my case. (TA.) And one says, مَا فَعَلْتَ فِى جَنْبِ حَاجَتِى (assumed tropical:) What didst thou, or what hast thou done, in the case of the thing that I want? (L, TA.) جَنَبٌ: see جَنِيبٌ.

A2: طَوْعُ الجَنَبِ: see جِنَابٌ.

A3: جَنَبٌ also signifies Short; (K;) applied to a man. (TA.) جَنِبٌ: see جَنِبَ. b2: It is also applied as an epithet to a wolf, because he pretends to halt, from guile, or cunning. (L, TA.) b3: Also A man who goes aside, or to a distance, from the beaten way, for fear of guests' coming to him for entertainment. (K, TA.) جُنُبٌ, (El-Fárábee, S, A, Msb, K,) which is sometimes used in the sing. form as pl., and has no fem. form, (TA,) and ↓ جَانِبٌ and ↓ أَجْنَبِىٌّ, (El-Fárábee, S, Msb, K,) which is said by Az in art. روح to be seldom or never used by the Arabs, but is mentioned by him in its proper art., (Msb,) and ↓ أَجْنَبُ, (Az, S, Msb, K,) are syn., (El-Fárábee, S, Msb, K,) signifying A stranger; (K;) as also ↓ جَنِيبٌ: (S:) or a man who is distant, or remote: (Msb:) or distant, or remote, in respect of relationship: (Az and Msb in explanation of the third and fourth:) [or not a relation; as will be seen from what follows:] and ↓ جَانِبٌ [as an act. part. n.] signifies one alighting, or descending and abiding, or settling, as a stranger, among a tribe: (S:) pl. of the first أَجْنَابٌ, (A, TA,) and of the second جُنَّابٌ, (S, TA,) and of the fourth أَجَانِبُ. (Msb.) الجَارُ الجُنُبُ [occurring in the Kur iv. 40] (T, S, A, Msb, K) and جَارُ الجُنُبِ (TA) The person who is one's neighbour, but who belongs to another people; (T, S, A, Msb, K;) who is not of one's family nor of one's lineage; (A;) who is of another lineage than he of whom he is a neighbour; (T, TA;) who is not a relation: (MF:) or one who is distant, or remote, in an absolute sense: (TA:) or the person who is not a relation to another, and who comes to him, and asks him to protect him, and abides with him: such has the title to respect that belongs to him as neighbour of the other, and to his protection, and as relying upon his safeguard and promise. (TA in art. جور. [Differing from جَارُ الجَنْبِ, q. v. suprà.]) It is said in a trad., هُمْ أَجْنَابُ النَّاسِ They are the strangers of mankind, or of the people. (TA.) And in another trad., قَالَ لِجَارِيّةٍ هَلْ مِنْ مُغَرِبَةِ الخَبَرُ ↓ خَبَرٍ قَالَتْ عَلَى جَانِبٍ [He said to a girl, Is there any news from abroad? She answered,] It is for a stranger coming from a journey [to give such news]. (TA.) And one says, هُوَ مِنِّى ↓ أَجْنَبِىٌّ [He is a person not related to me]. (A.) b2: Also, ↓ the same four words, (of which only the last is mentioned in this sense in the S,) That will not be led; intractable. (K.) b3: جُنُبٌ is also an epithet from الجَنَابَةُ; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) signifying A man under the obligation of performing a total ablution, by reason of sexual intercourse and discharge of the semen: (IAth, TA: [see 4:]) and is used alike as masc. and fem. (S, Mgh, Msb) and sing. (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and dual (Msb, TA) and pl.; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) being regarded as quasi-coordinate to the class of inf. ns.; for the inf. n., when used as an epithet, must remain, in form, sing. and masc.: (MF in art. عفت:) or one may use the dual form جُنُبَانِ; (K;) and sometimes they used the pl. أَجْنَابٌ (S, Msb, K *) and جُنُبُونَ, (S, Msb,) and the fem. pl. جُنُبَاتٌ; (Msb;) but not جُنُبَةٌ, (K, TA,) applied to a female. (TA.) It is said in a trad., لَا تَدْخُلُ المَلَائِكَةُ بِيْتًا فِيهِ جُنُبٌ, meaning [The angels will not enter a house, or chamber, or tent, in which is] one who usually neglects the total ablution when under an obligation to perform it for the cause above mentioned. (IAth, TA.) جَنْبَةٌ: see جَنْبٌ, in four places: b2: and see جَانِبٌ. b3: Also Retirement, or secession, from others: (K, TA:) and in a trad., in which it is enjoined, used as meaning retirement from women; avoiding the sitting by them, and the approaching the place that they occupy. (TA.) You say, رَجُلٌ ذُو جَنْبَةٍ A man of retirement. (TA.) and نَزَلَ جَنْبَةً He alighted, or descended and abode, or settled, in a place aside, or apart. (S, TA.) and قَعَدَ جَنْبَةً He [sat apart, or] retired from others. (A, TA.) b4: The state of being a stranger; as also ↓ جَنَابَةٌ. (K. [Both are there mentioned as simple substs.; but the latter is an inf. n.: see جَنَبَ فِى بَنِى فُلَانٍ; and what next follows it: and see also 4.]) Both also signify Remoteness in respect of relationship. (TA.) A2: Also, جَنْبَةٌ, A piece of skin from the side of a camel, (S, L, K, *) of which is made a kind of milking vessel (عُلْبَة), (S, L,) larger than the مِعْلَق, but smaller than the جَوْبَة. (L.) A3: And Every kind of plant, (S,) or every kind of tree in general, (K,) that produces [new leaves such as are termed] رَبْل in the season of the صَيْف [which may mean either summer or spring]: (S, K:) or every kind of plant that produces leaves in that season without rain: (TA:) or a name given to many plants, all of them عُرُوق [perhaps meaning resembling roots, i. e. straggling, or spreading like roots]; so called because less than large trees and higher than those that have no root-stock (أَرُومَة) in the earth; comprising the نَصِىّ and صِلِّيَان and حَمَاط and مَكْر and حذر [so in the TA, but I do not find it elsewhere, and think it may be a mistranscription for حَزْر, of which حَزْرَة (the name of a certain sour tree) is probably the n. un.,] and دَهْمَآء; which are smaller than شَجَر and superior to بُقُول: all this has been heard from the Arabs: (T, TA:) or green and fresh صلّيان: (TA:) or what is [of a kind] between بَقْل and شَجَر; (AHn, K, TA;) being [in the TA وهما, but this is evidently a mistake for وَهِىَ,] of the kind of which the root remains in the winter while the branches perish: (AHn, TA:) or herbage of which the root is deep in the earth; such as the نَصِىّ and the صِلِّيَان. (TA voce خَضِرٌ.) جَنَبَةٌ: see جَنْبٌ, in four places: b2: and see جَانِبٌ.

جُنَبَةٌ A thing from which one retires, or withdraws himself, to a distance, or far away, or far off; from which one stands, or keeps, aloof. (K.) جَنَابٌ: see جَنْبٌ, in five places. [Hence,] كُنَّا عَنْهُمْ جَنَابَيْنِ and جَنَابًا We were remote, or retired, from them; or out of their way. (TA.) b2: Also, (S, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ جَانِبٌ, (Msb, * TA,) A court, or yard, or an open or a wide space in front of a house or extending from its sides: (S, A, K, TA:) and a place of alighting or abode; or a settlement, or place of settling: (A:) a mansion; an abode; a habitation; or a place to which a man betakes himself, or repairs, for lodging, covert, or refuge, in a city or town or village or other place of settled habitations; syn. رَحْلٌ: (K:) and a vicinage, neighbourhood, or tract adjacent to the place of abode or settlement, of a people or company of men: pl. أَجْنِبَةٌ. (S.) You say, أَنَا فِى جَنَابِ زَيْدٍ I am in the court, or yard, of Zeyd; and in his place of alighting or abode, or settlement. (A, TA.) and فُلَانٌ رَحْبُ الجَنَابِ, (A, TA,) and خَصِيبُ الجَنَابِ, (S, A,) the former meaning Such a one is possessed of an ample رَحْل [or mansion, &c., as explained above]: (TA:) [and the latter, such a one is surrounded by a plentiful, or fruitful, tract:] or both mean (tropical:) such a one is generous or bountiful [or hospitable]. (A.) And فَلَانٌ جَدِيبُ الجَنَابِ (S, TA) [meaning Such a one is environed by a tract affected with drought, or barrenness; as explained in the S in art. جدب: but generally used tropically, as meaning (assumed tropical:) such a one is ungenerous, illiberal, or inhospitable]. And أَخْصَبَ جَنَابُ القَوْمِ [The neighbourhood of the people, or the tract surrounding them, became plentiful, or fruitful]. (S, TA.) And أَجْدَبَ بِنَا الجَنَابُ [Our neighbourhood, or the tract surrounding us, became affected with drought, or barrenness]. (TA from a trad.) b3: رَجُلٌ لَيِّنُ الجَنَابِ [perhaps a mistranscription for الجَانِبِ] (tropical:) A man easy to deal with, compliant, or obsequious. (A.) b4: [الجَنَابُ is also a title often given by writers of letters and the like to any great man to whom others betake themselves, or repair, for protection; and sometimes to God; meaning (tropical:) The object of recourse; the refuge; the asylum: similar to الحَضْرَةُ, q. v., and used in the same manner, i. e., alone, and, without the article, prefixed to the name of the person to whom it is applied, or to a pronoun; but the latter is generally considered as implying greater respect than the former.]

الجُنَابُ i. q. ذَاتُ الجَنْبِ: see جَنْبُ. (K.) جِنَابٌ A cord tied to the head and neck of a beast, by which he is led, or drawn. (KL.) [Hence,] فَرَسٌ طَوْعُ الجَنَابِ A horse easily led; or easy to be led; tractable; [obedient to the جناب;] (S, A, K, TA;) as also ↓ طَوْعُ الجَنَبِ. (TA. [See 1, near the beginning.]) جَنُوبٌ, of the fem. gender, and, accord. to Sb, both a subst. and an epithet, [so that one says رِيحٌ جَنُوبٌ, as well as جَنُوبٌ alone and رِيحُ الجَنُوبِ,] (TA,) [The south wind: or a southerly wind:] the wind that is opposite to that called the شَمَال: (S, K:) [consequently, the wind that blows from the direction of the south pole, accord. to the S;] the wind that blows from the direction of the left hand of a person standing opposite to the kibleh [by which is here meant that corner of the Kaabeh in which is set the Black Stone; which corner is towards the east]: (Th, TA:) or the wind that blows from the quarter between the place where Canopus rises [S. 29? E. in central Arabia] and the place where the same star sets [S. 29? W. in the same latitude]: ('Omárah, TA:) or from the quarter between the place where Canopus rises and the place where the sun sets in winter [W. 26? S. in central Arabia]: (As, TA:) or it is a hot wind, that blows in every season; blowing from that part of the tract between the quarter whence blows the east wind (الصَّبَا) and that whence blows the west wind (الدَّبُور) which is next to the place where Canopus rises: (T, TA:) or the wind that blows from the quarter between the place where Canopus rises and that where the Pleiades set [W. 26? N. in central Arabia]: (IAar, K:) [the points whence it usually blows seem to differ somewhat in different parts:] As says that the جنوب is attended by good, and by fecundating influence; and the شمال by drying up [of the earth &c.]: (TA:) accord. to IAar, it is hot in every place, except in Nejd, where it is cold, or cool: (MF:) pl. جَنَائِبُ (T, K) and [of pauc.]

أَجْنُبٌ. (T, TA.) b2: One says, of two persons, when they are on terms of sincere friendship, رِيحُهُمَا جَنُوبٌ (assumed tropical:) [Their wind is south, or southerly]; and when they are separated, شَمَلَتْ رِيحُهُمَا (assumed tropical:) [Their wind has become north, or northerly]. (TA.) جَنِيبٌ, applied to a horse and a captive, (TA,) Led by one's side; as also ↓ مَجْنُوبٌ and ↓ مُجَنَّبٌ: (K:) or you say ↓ خَيْلٌ مَجَنَّبَةٌ, meaning horses led by the side; the teshdeed denoting application to many objects: (S, TA:) pl. [of the first, and of جَنِيبَةٌ, q. v., or only of this last,] جَنَائِبُ and [quasi-pl. n.] ↓ جَنَبٌ. (K.) One walking by the side of another; (A;) [and] so ↓ جُنَّابٌ. (K.) b2: Any animal or man that is obedient, tractable, or submissive. (S, TA.) You say, أَصْبَحَ جَنِيبَهُ He became compliant to him. (A.) A2: See also جُنُبٌ.

A3: Also, applied to a man, [app. Having a pain in the side; or having the pleurisy; like مَجْنُوبٌ: and hence, or from جَنِبَ, q. v., irregularly formed,] as though walking on one side, bent or crooked, مُتَعَقِّفًا: so in the L: in the M and K, on the authority of IAar, مُتَعَقِّبًا [to which I am unable to assign an appropriate meaning, except its modern one of lagging behind]: so in the saying of a poet, رَبَا الجُوعُ فِى أَوْنَيْهِ حَتَّى كَأَنَّهُ جَنِيبٌ بِهِ إِنَّ الجَنِيبَ جَنِيبُ [Hunger increased in him (lit. in the two sides of his saddle-bags); so that he seemed as though he walked on one side, bent thereby; for he who has a pain in his side walks on one side, in that manner]. (TA.) A4: Also An excellent kind of dates, (K, TA,) well known; (TA;) one of the best kinds of dates. (Mgh in art. جمع, Msb.) جَنَابَةٌ: see جَنْبٌ, in four places: and see جَانِبٌ.

A2: See also جَنْبَةٌ. b2: Accord. to IAth, its primary signification is Distance: and hence it signifies The state of him who is under the obligation of performing a total ablution, by reason of sexual intercourse and discharge of the semen. (TA.) b3: The sperma genitalis [itself]. (K. [But in a marginal note in my copy of that work I find this last signification rejected as erroneous.]) A3: See also the next paragraph.

جَنِيبَةٌ A led horse or mule or ass; (S, TA;) a horse that is led [by one's side], not ridden: (Msb:) pl. جَنَائِبُ. (A, TA.) b2: جَنِيبَتَا البَعِيرِ The [two equal] loads on the two sides of the camel. (K.) b3: [Hence, app.,] اِتَّقِ اللّٰهَ الَّذِى لَا جَنيبَةَ لَهُ (tropical:) Fear thou God, to whom there is no equal. (A, TA.) b4: Also جَنِيبُةٌ, (S,) or ↓ جَنَابَةٌ, (K,) or both, (TA,) A she-camel that one gives [or lends] to people, (S, M, K,) with money, (M, TA,) in order that they may bring corn or other provision for him; (S, M, K;) also called عَلِيقَةٌ: pl. جَنَائِبُ. (S.) A2: Also, (Kr, M, K,) and خَبِيبَةٌ, (M, TA,) The wool of a ثَنِّى [or sheep in its third year]: (Kr, M, K:) it is better and cleaner than what is termed عَقِيقَة, which is the wool of a جَذَع [or sheep in or before its second year]. (TA.) جَنُوبِىٌّ Of, or relating to, the quarter of the wind termed the جَنُوب; south, or southerly.]

جَنَائِبٌ as an extr. pl.: see جَنْبٌ, first sentence.

جُنَّابٌ: see جَنِيبٌ.

جَانِبٌ; pl. جَوَانِبُ: see جَنْبٌ, in eleven places. [Hence, لَانَ جَانِبُهُ (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, gentle, easy to deal with, compliant, or obsequious. and رَجُلٌ لَيِّنُ الجَانِبِ (assumed tropical:) A man who is gentle, easy to deal with, compliant, or obsequious; contr. of غَلِيظُ الجَانِبِ; see art. غلظ: and see جَنَابٌ.

And] تُزَنُّ بِلِينِ الجَانِبِ (assumed tropical:) [She is suspected of easiness, or compliance], (K in art. لمس,) towards him who desires of her that he may lie with her. (TA in that art.) [Hence also,] جَانِبَا الأَنْفِ (CK) and ↓ جَنَابَتَا and ↓ جَنْبَتَا and ↓ جَنَبَتَا (K) The two sides of the nose: (K:) or the two lines that surround the two sides of the nose of a doe-gazelle: (Sb, TA:) pl. [of the second, agreeably with analogy,] جَنَائِبُ. (TA.) b2: See also جَنَابٌ. [It often signifies The vicinage or neighbourhood of a people &c.: and a region or quarter or tract of a people or country: like ناحية. b3: The bank of a river; and any bank, or steep acclivity. b4: and A limit, bound, or boundary: see a tropical usage of its pl. (جَوَانِبُ) voce. حِنْوٌ. b5: And عَلَى جَانِبٍ means Beside, aside, or apart; and so جَانِبًا, and فِى جَانِبٍ. b6: جَانِبٌ مِنْ مَالٍ, in posi-classical writings, means A portion, and particularly a large portion, of property: and جَانِبٌ alone, in the same, a sum, and particularly a large sum, of money. b7: The latter, also, in post-classical writings, signifies, like جَنْبٌ, q. v., (assumed tropical:) A man's honour, or reputation, which should be preserved inviolate; so used in the K voce عِرْضٌ, in an explanation of the latter word taken from IAth; i. q. نَامُوسٌ and حُرْمَةٌ, as in the TK in that case.]

A2: Avoided and despised. (K, TA.) b2: [Hence, perhaps, دَعْ كَذَا جَانِبًا Let thou, or leave thou, such a thing alone: see an ex. voce أَوٌّ.] b3: See also جُنُبٌ, in four places. b4: And see مُجَنَّبٌ.

أَجْنَبُ: see جُنُبٌ, in two places.

أَجْنَبِىٌّ: see جُنُبٌ, in three places b2: You say also, هُوَ أَجْنَبِىٌّ مِنْ كَذَا, (A,) or عِنْ كذا, (TA,) (tropical:) He has no concern nor acquaintance with such a thing. (A, TA.) مَجْنَبٌ (S, AAF, K) and ↓ مِجْنَبٌ (AAF, K) Much (A'Obeyd, S, AAF, K) of good (A'Obeyd, K) and of evil. (K.) You say, إِنَّ عِنْدَنَا لَخَيْرًا مَجْنَبًا Verily with us is much good, and شَرًّا مَجْنَبًا much evil. (S.) And طَعَامٌ مَجْنَبٌ means Much [wheat or food]. (Sh, TA.) مُجْنِبٌ: see what next follows.

مِجْنَبٌ A shield; (S, A, K;) because it wards off from its possessor what is displeasing to him; (A, TA;) also with damm to the م [app. ↓ مُجْنِبٌ, act. part. n. of 4]. (K.) b2: A thing by which a person or thing is veiled, concealed, or hidden; a veil, curtain, or covering; (K, TA;) for a house, or chamber, or tent. (TA.) b3: A thing like a door, upon which the gatherer of honey stands; (K, TA;) he being let down [upon it] by means of ropes to [the place of] the honey [in the face of a rock or mountain]. (TA.) b4: A thing (شَبَحٌ [app. here meaning a wooden implement]) resembling a comb without teeth (K, TA) and thinedged in its lowest part, (TA,) with which earth is raised upon, or against, the أَعْضَاد and فُلْجَان [or raised borders of watering-troughs or the like, and streamlets for irrigation]. (K, TA. [In the CK, الفِلْجانِ is put for الفُلْجانِ.]) b5: The extreme part of the territory of the foreigners towards that of the Arabs: (S, K:) and the nearest part of the territory of the Arabs to that of the foreigners. (S) A2: See also مَجْنَبٌ.

مُجَنَّبٌ; and its fem., with ة: see جَنِيبٌ. b2: Also, the former, (TA,) or ↓ جَانِبٌ, (K, [but this is said in the TA to be a mistake,]) A horse wide in the space between the two kind legs, (K, TA,) without what is termed فَجَجٌ [which is an awkward kind of straddling, with the hocks wide apart]: it is a quality approved. (TA. [See also 2; and see مُحَنَّبٌ.]) مُجَنِّبٌ A man whose sheep or goats [&c.] have few young ones; [and therefore, having little milk;] (TA in art. يسر;) contr. of مُيَسَرٌ. (S and TA in that art. [See also 2.]) مُجَنَّبَةٌ The van, or fore part, (K, TA,) of an army. (TA.) المُجَنِّبَتَانِ The right and left wings of an army: (K: [Golius has erroneously written مِجْنَبَتَانِ, and has given J as the authority instead of the K:]) or مُجَنَّبَةٌ signifies a portion of an army (كَتِيبَةٌ) that takes one of the two sides of a way: but the former meaning is the more correct. (IAar, TA.) مَجْنُوِبٌ pass. part. n. of 1 [q. v.]. b2: See also جنِيبٌ. b3: Also Affected by the disease termed ذَاتُ الجَنْبِ [or pleurisy]: (S, Mgh, Msb, TA:) and said to mean also having a complaint of his side, absolutely. (TA.) b4: And Affected by the [south, or southerly, wind called] جَنُوب. (S, TA.) [And Affected by that wind in one's cattle: see 1, last sentence.] سَحَابَةٌ مَجْنُوبَةٌ A cloud brought by the blowing of that wind. (S, A, K.) The saying of Aboo-Wejzeh, مَجْنُوبَةُ الأُنْسِ مَشْمُولٌ مَوَاعِدُهَا means Her familiarity passes away with the جَنُوب [or south-wind], and her promises pass away with the شَمَال [or north wind]. (IAar, TA.)

جنز

1 جَنَزَهُ, aor. ـِ (A, Msb, K,) and جَنُزَ, (A,) inf. n. جَنْزٌ, (TA,) He veiled, concealed, hid, or covered, it. (A, Msb, K.) A2: He collected it; or gathered it together or up; (K;) as also ↓ جنّزِهُ, inf. n. تَجْنِيزٌ. (Sgh, TA.) You say also, جُنَزَ الرَّجُلُ, part. n. ↓ مَجْنُوزٌ, The man was gathered up [app. as a corpse is gathered up in the grave-clothes]: (TA:) or (assumed tropical:) he died. (Har p. 122.) 2 جنّزهُ, inf. n. تَجْنِيزٌ: see 1. b2: It is used by El-Hasan El-Basree as signifying He put it (namely a corpse) upon the bier. (K, * TA.) جِنَازَةٌ and جَنَازَةٌ signify the same, (Mgh, Msb, K,) namely, A dead person; a corpse: (K:) but the former is the more chaste: (Msb:) or the former signifies the dead person; and the latter, the bier: (As, IAar, Msb, K:) or the former, the bier; and the latter, the dead person: (Mgh, Msb, K:) so accord. to Th, as related by Aboo-'Amr Ez-Záhid: (Msb:) or the former is said by the vulgar to mean the bier: (As, TA:) or the former signifies the bier with the dead person: (K:) or the dead person upon the bier: (S:) and the bier is not so called unless the dead person is upon it: (AAF:) when the dead person is not upon it, it is called سَرِيرٌ and نَعْشٌ: (AAF, S:) but the vulgar say جَنَازَةٌ, with fet-h; (S;) which is not allowable: (Lth, As, Mgh, TA:) or جَنَازَةٌ [so in the TA] signifies the man: or the bier with the man: (En-Nadr, TA:) جنازة is derived from جَنَزَهُ, in the first of the senses assigned to it above: (A, Msb, TA:) so some assert: (IDrd, TA:) but ISd says, I know not whether this be correct: (TA:) or a جَنَازَة is so called because the clothes are gathered together when the man is upon the bier: ('Abd-Allah Ibn-El-Hasan, TA:) some say that it is Nabathean: (TA:) the pl. is جَنَائِزُ. (S.) The Arabs say, تَرَكْتُهُ جِنَازَةً I left him a corpse, or dead. (As, TA.) And ضُرِبَ الرَّجُلُ حَتَّى تُرِكَ جَنَازَةً [so in the TA, The man was beaten until he was left a corpse]. (ISh, TA.) And رُمِىَ فِى جِنَازَتِهِ, meaning, He died: (Lth, Mgh:) or he has been carried, or lifted, and put [into his bier]: this they say when they give information of the death of a man: (TA:) and they say also, طُعِنَ فِى

جِنَازَتِهِ, meaning the same. (Lth, Mgh, TA.) b2: Also جِنَازَةٌ [or جَنَازَةٌ] (tropical:) A wine-skin [when emptied; as though it were a body without a soul]. (K.) A certain impudent man of the Arabs, 'Amr Ibn-Ki'ás, says, وَكُنْتُ إِذَا أَرَى زِقًّا صَرِيعًا يُنَاحُ عَلَى جَنَازَتِهِ بَكَيْتُ [And I used, when I saw a wine-skin laid prostrate, its corpse being wailed over, to weep, or accord. to Th, as is said in the TA in art. بكى, to sing]. (TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) Anything oppressive and grievous, عَلَى قَوْمٍ to a people. (Lth, K.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A sick person. (Sgh, K.) جَنَائِزِىٌّ, [from جَنَائِزُ, pl. of جَنَازَةٌ,] One who recites [or chants the profession of the faith &c.] before the dead [in a funeral-procession]. (TA.) مَجْنُوزٌ: see 1.

جول

1 جَالَ, (S, K, &c.,) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. جَوْلٌ (S, K) and جُولٌ (K) and جَوَلَانٌ (Az, S, ISd, Z, Sgh) and جُؤُولٌ (ISd, K) and جِيلَالٌ, (Ibn-'Abbád, K, TA,) in some copies of the K جِيلَان; (TA;) and in like manner, ↓ اجتال and ↓ انجال; (S, K;) He went round or about, or or round about; as also ↓ جوّل, inf. n. تَجْوَالٌ: (K:) or جوّل signifies he went round, or about, or round about, much, or often; agreeably with what Sb says of the measure تَفْعَالٌ; but accord. to the O, تَجْوَالٌ is an inf. n. of جال. (TA.) Yousay, جال فِى البِلَادِ He went about, or round about, in the countries, or districts, not remaining fixed, or settled: (Msb:) and البِلَادَ ↓ جوّل, (T, TA,) or جوّل فِى البِلَادِ, (S,) inf. n. تَجْوِيلٌ, (T, TA,) or تَجْوَالٌ, (S,) he went about, or round about, much, or often, in the countries, or districts. (T, S, TA.) And جال فِى المَيْدَانِ, aor. as above, inf. n. جَوْلَةٌ and جَوَلَانٌ, He (a horse) traversed the sides, or lateral parts or tracts, of the horse-course; which are termed أَجْوَالٌ, pl. of جُولٌ. (Msb.) And جال فِى الحَرْبِ, inf. n. جَوْلَةٌ, He wheeled round, or about, in battle. (K.) and فَرَّ لِلْجَوَلَانِ ثُمَّ عَادَ لِلْقِتَالِ [He fled, to wheel round, or about, and then returned to the fight]. (Msb in art. كر.) And جالُوا, (Msb,) or ↓ تَجَاوَلُوا, (S, K,) means جال بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ, (S, Msb, K,) i. e., They assailed, or assaulted, one another, (TA,) فِى الحَرْبِ [in battle]; (S, Msb, K;) [and so, app., ↓ جَاوَلُوا, inf. n. مُجَاوَلَةٌ:] and كَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمْ

↓ مُجَاوَلَاتٌ (S, K *) There were between them mutual [assailings, or assaults, and] defendings. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) And جال القَوْمُ, inf. n. جَوْلَةٌ, The company of men were routed, defeated, or put to flight, (اِنْكَشَفُوا,) and then returned to the fight, or charged, or assaulted. (K.) And أَصَابَ المُسْلِمِينَ جَوْلَةٌ Defeat befell the Muslims: a metonymy; used only in relation to the favourites of God; from الجَوَلَانُ. (Mgh.) b2: جالوُا فِى

الضَّلَالَةِ, (Sgh, TA,) or إِلَى الضَّلَالَةِ, (A, TA,) (assumed tropical:) They became excited to lightness, or levity, and unsteadiness, and carried away, and driven, (Sgh, TA,) or they became fascinated, and turned away, (A, TA,) by the influence of devils, (A, Sgh, TA,) from their religion, (Sgh, TA,) or from the right course, (A, TA,) to error. (A, Sgh, TA.) b3: جال التُّرَابُ, (ISd, K,) inf. n. جَوْلٌ, (TA,) The dust went away, and rose; as also ↓ انجال: (ISd, K:) or the latter signifies became removed, or cleared away [by the wind]; syn. اِنْكَشَطَ. (T, TA.) b4: يَجُولُ فِى صَدْرِى أَنْ أَفْعَلَهُ (tropical:) [It is revolved in my bosom, or mind, that I should do it]. (TA.) b5: See also 4, in two places.

A2: جال الشَّىْءَ, (K,) inf. n. جَوْلٌ, (TA,) He chose, or selected, the thing. (K.) You say, جُلْتُ هٰذَا مِنْ هٰذَا I chose, or selected, this from this. (AA, S.) And مَنْهُمْ جَوْلًا ↓ اِجْتَلْتُ I chose, or selected, from them [a choice portion]; (S, K, * TA;) and separated some of them from others. (TA.) and مِنْ مَالِهِ جَوْلًا ↓ اجتال, and جَوَالَةً, He chose, or selected, from his property, or cattle, a choice portion. (TA.) 2 جَوَّلَ see 1, in two places.3 جَاوَلُوا, inf. n. مُجَاوَلَةٌ: and كَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمْ مُجَاوَلَاتٌ: see 1.4 احالهُ, (Msb, K,) and اجال بِهِ, (K,) inf. n. إِجَالَةٌ, (S,) He, or it, made, or caused, him, or it, to go, move, or turn round, or about, or round about; to circle, or revolve; (S, Msb, K;) as also بِهِ ↓ جال. (Zj, K.) One says in the game called المَيْسِر, [see this word,] أَجِلِ السِّهَامَ [Turn thou round about, i. e., shuffle, the arrows in the رِبَابَة]. (S, TA.) And اجال السِّهَامَ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ He moved about the arrows, [i. e., shuffled them in the رِبَابَة,] (Az, ISd, TA,) and then distributed them among the people, or party. (Az, TA.) And اجال سَيْفَهُ He brandished, flourished, or played with, his sword, turning it round about. (Msb.) And بَالتُّرَابِ ↓ الرِّيحُ تَجُولُ, (Lth, TA,) and بِالحَصَى, (K, TA,) [The wind makes the dust, and the pebbles, to turn round about, to circle, or to revolve.] b2: أَجَالُوا الرَّأْىَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ (tropical:) They turned about, or revolved, [in their minds, the idea, or opinion, respecting the matter that was between them.] (TA.) And اجالوا الفِكَرِ (assumed tropical:) [They turned about, or revolved, thoughts, ideas, schemes, or contrivances, in their minds]. (Jel in ix. 48.) b3: [اجال خَمْسَهُ فِى وِعَائِهِ, in the 7th Makámeh of Har, (p. 76 of the sec. ed.,) is explained in a MS. of that work as meaning ادخل, (De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., p. 185,) i. e., He inserted: but the proper meaning is, he turned about, or round about, his five fingers in his bag.] b4: ↓ أَجِلْ جَائِلَتَكَ (tropical:) Accomplish, or finish, the affair in which thou art engaged. (M, K, TA.) 6 تَجَاْوَلَ see 1.7 إِنْجَوَلَ see 1, in two places.8 إِجْتَوَلَ see 1, first sentence.

A2: اجتالهُمْ He turned them from their course. (K.) He (the devil) caused them to leave, or forsake, the right way. (T, TA.) اِجْتَالَتْهُمُ الشَّيَاطِينُ عَنْ دِينِهِمْ The devils excited them to lightness, or levity, and unsteadiness, so that they turned away from their religion, to error; i. e., they carried them away and drove them [from their religion]. (Sgh, TA.) [See also 10.]

A3: See also 1, last two sentences.10 اِسْتَجَالَتْهُمُ الشَّيَاطِينُ The devils turned them from the right course, to error; fascinated them so that they turned with them. (A, TA.) and استجالهُ الشَّىْءُ The thing excited him to lightness, or levity, and unsteadiness. (TA.) [See also 8.]

b2: استجالتِ الخَيْلُ مَا مَرَّتْ بِهِ The horses removed, or displaced, that by which they passed. (O, TA.) b3: اُسْتُجِيلَ الرَّبَابُ The رباب [or white clouds] were driven together after a state of dispersion, and became ready to rain: (M, TA:) or it means جَآءَتْهُ الرِّيحُ فَاسْتَجَالَتْهُ, i. e., the wind came to them, and removed them, or displaced them, and dissundered them, and drove them away. (TA.) b4: اِسْتَجَلْنَا الجَهَامَ (tropical:) We saw the rainless clouds going about, or round about, in the horizon, (A, TA,) or in the sky. (TA.) جَالٌ: see جُولٌ, in five places: b2: and مِجْوَلٌ.

جَالٍ: see جَائِلٌ.

جَوْلٌ: see جَوْلَانٌ, in two places.

A2: Also A large army, or military force, or troop of horse: (Sgh, K:) pl. جُولٌ. (Sgh, TA.) A herd of camels: and a troop of خَيْل [meaning horses or horsemen]: as also ↓ جُولٌ in both these senses: (K:) or the latter, which is also explained in the K as signifying a herd of camels, and a flock of ostriches and of sheep or goats, is pl. of the former: (TA:) or the former signifies thirty [horses or horsemen]: or forty: (K:) or less: or more: (TA:) or the choice, or best, of camels: and [in like manner]

↓ جَوَالَةٌ signifies the choice and best; as in the saying, أَخَذَ جَوَالَةَ مَالِهِ [He took the choice and best of his cattle, or property]. (K. [See also 1, last two sentences: and see جَوَلَان.]) And Many great sheep or goats. (K.) b2: Also A male mountain-goat that is old, or advanced in age: (M, K:) pl. أَجْوَالٌ. (M, TA.) جُولٌ The wall [that surrounds the interior] of a well: accord. to A 'Obeyd, every side of a well, from its top to its bottom: and ↓ جَالٌ signifies the same: (S:) or the former, the side, or lateral part, (M, Msb, K,) of a well, and of a grave, and of the sea, and of a mountain; as also ↓ جَالٌ (M, K) and ↓ جِيلٌ: (K, TA; in the CK جَيْل:) or the surrounding parts [or sides] of a grave: (M, TA:) and الوَادِى ↓ جَالَا the two sides of the water of the valley: and البَحْرِ ↓ جَالَا the two shores of the sea, or great river: (T, TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَجْوَالٌ, (Az, S, Msb, K,) pl. of جُولٌ and جَالٌ, (TA,) and [of mult.] جِوَالٌ and جِوَالَةٌ; (so in copies of the K, and in the M, but in some copies of the K جُوَالٌ and جُوَالَةٌ;) and أَجَاوِلُ is pl. of أَجْوَالٌ. (TA.) Also, as in the T and the Moheet, (TA,) The portion of rock that is at the bottom of the water, (K, TA.) upon which is the casing of the well; so that if it quit its place, the well falls to ruin: this is [said to be] the primary meaning of the word: and hence the saying, هٰذَا مَآءٌ لَا يُدْرَكُ جُولُهُ [This is water of which the rock beneath it is not to be reached]. (TA.) b2: [And from this word as signifying the casing of a well, or the portion of rock above mentioned,] (tropical:) Intelligence; (S, K, TA;) judgment, and intelligence, or full intelligence, or intelligence to which one has recourse; (T, TA;) understanding of the heart; (TA;) and resolution, or fixed purpose of mind; (S, M;) and prudence: (T, TA:) العَزْمُ in the K is erroneously put for الحَزْمُ. (TA.) You say, of a man, مَالَهُ جُولٌ (tropical:) He has not intelligence and judgment, or fixed purpose of mind, to withhold him, or protect him; like the جول of a well; (S, M, * TA; *) because a well, when cased with stone or the like, is stronger. (TA.) And رَجُلٌ لَهُ زَبْرٌ وَجُولٌ (tropical:) A man having judgment and intelligence, or full intelligence, or intelligence to which recourse is had; whose جول does not become demolished: and in like manner, هُوَ مَزْبُورٌ مَافَوقَ الجُولِ مِنْهُ وَصُلْبٌ مَاتَحْتَ الزَّبْرِ مِنَ الجُولِ: and in the contr. case, لَيْسَ لِفُلَانٍ

جُولٌ (tropical:) Such a one has not intelligence nor prudence; i. e., his جول is demolished, therefore one is not sure that the زبر [that rests upon it] may not also fall: and لَيْسَ لَهُ جُولٌ, and ↓ جَالٌ, (tropical:) He has not prudence. (T, TA.) b3: فَعَلْتُهُ مِنْ جُولِهِ I did it on account, or for the sake, or because, of him, or it. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) A2: See also جَوْلٌ: A3: and جَوْلَانٌ.

جِيلٌ: see جُولٌ.

جَوْلَانٌ Dust; as also ↓ جَوْلٌ and ↓ جُولٌ, (K,) both mentioned by Az, (TA,) and ↓ جَيْلَانٌ, (K,) mentioned by ISd: [or] all signify dust which the wind makes to turn about or round about, to circle, or to revolve, upon, or from, the surface of the earth. (TA.) And Small pebbles which the wind makes to turn about or round about, to circle, or to revolve; (K, TA;) as also ↓ جَوْلٌ and ↓ جَيْلَانٌ. (TA.) A2: جَوْلَانُ: see أَجْوَلُ.

جَوَلَانُ الهُمُومِ (tropical:) The first, or beginning, [lit. the revolving, (see 1,)] of anxieties. (Ibn-'Abbád, K, TA. [In the CK, erroneously, جَوْلانُ.]) You say, فِى قَلْبِهِ جَوَلَانُ الهُمُومِ (tropical:) In his heart are revolving anxieties. (A, TA.) A2: جَوَلَانُ المَالِ The small, or young, and bad, of cattle: (Fr, S, K:) so in the M and O; but in a copy of the M, written جَوْلان; which is app. a mistake. (TA.) Accord. to Ibn-'Abbád, The choice, or best, of cattle: the contr. of what is said by Fr. (TA. [See also جَوْلٌ.]) جَيْلَانٌ: see جَوْلَانٌ, in two places.

A2: جيْلَانُ: see أَجْوَلُ.

جَوْلَانِىٌّ: see أَجْوَلُ. b2: Also (tropical:) A man whose benefits are common to the near and the distant; (K, TA;) whose benefits go round to every one. (Sgh, TA.) جَيْلَانِىٌّ: see أَجْوَلُ.

جَوِيلٌ What the winds sweep away (AHn, M, K) and round about, (AHn, M,) of fragments of plants and of the fallen leaves of trees; (AHn, M, K;) as also ↓ جَائِلٌ. (M, TA.) جَوَالَةٌ: see جَوْلٌ.

جَوَائِلُ أَمْرٍ (assumed tropical:) The turns (دَوَائِر) of an affair, or event. (TA.) جَوَّالٌ One who goes about, or round about, much, or often, in the countries, or districts, (Msb,) TA,) not remaining fixed, or settled; (Msb;) as also ↓ جَوَّالَةٌ [but in a more intensive sense, meaning who does so very much, or very often]. (TA.) b2: A horse having a flexible head: (TA:) and ↓ أَجْوَلِىٌّ a swift horse, that turns about howsoever one turns him. (K, * TA.) جَوَّالَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

جَائِلٌ: see جَوِيلٌ. b2: Also Rainless clouds going round about. (A, TA.) b3: And, applied to a [woman's ornament of the kind termed] وِشَاح, and to a camel's belly-girth, Loose; not tight; unsteady; as also ↓ جَالٍ. (T, TA.) [Hence,] اِمْرَأَةٌ جَائِلَةُ الوِشَاحَيْنِ (tropical:) A woman slender in the waist. (Z, TA.) جَائِلَةٌ An affair in which one is engaged. (M, K.) See 4, last sentence.

أَجْوَلُ [More, and most, wont to go round, or about, or round about; to circle, or revolve;] is from the first of the verbs in this art.: and hence the prov., أَجْوَلُ مِنْ قُطْرُبٍ [More wont to go about, or round about, or more restless, than a قطرب; a certain animalcule, or insect, that is constantly moving about: see art. قطرب]. (Har p. 661.) b2: Also, [as meaning (assumed tropical:) More, and most, circulating,] applied to language, or discourse. (TA in art. جمع.) [See an ex. voce مَجْمَعٌ.] b3: يَوْمٌ أَجْوَلُ, and ↓ جَيْلَانِىٌّ, and ↓ جَوْلَانِىٌّ, (Lh, M, K,) and ↓ جَوْلَانُ, and ↓ جَيْلَانُ, (M, K,) A day of much dust (T, M, K) and wind: (T, TA:) from جَوْلٌ signifying “ dust.” (TA.) أَجْوَلِىٌّ: see جَوَّالٌ.

مَجَالٌ A place in which one goes round, or about, or round about: (TA:) [a field of battle: a circus:] a place of exercise for horses. (Har p. 16.) b2: [Hence] one says, لَمْ يَبْقَ مَجَالٌ فِى

الأَمْرِ (tropical:) [There remained not any scope in the affair, or case]. (TA.) مِجْوَلٌ A certain garment for women, (M, K,) doubled, and sewed together at one of its two sides, and having an opening made to it at the neck and bosom; in which a woman goes about: (M, TA:) or for a young girl; (K;) the دِرْع being for a woman: (TA:) a small garment in which a girl goes about: (S:) or a garment which a girl wears before she is made to keep herself behind, or within, the curtain, and in which she goes about: (Z, TA:) accord. to IAar, i. q. صُدْرَةٌ. (TA.) Imra-el-Keys says, إِلَى مِثْلِهَايَرْنُو الحَلِيمُ صَبَابَةً

إِذَا مَا اسْبَكَرَّتْ بَيْنَ دِرْعٍ وَمِجْوَلِ [At the like of her the staid would fixedly gaze with tenderness of desire, when she has become of erect and justly-proportioned stature, between such as wears a woman's shirt and such as wears a young girl's garment]. (S, * TA.) b2: A woman's anklet. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) b3: An amulet, a phylactery, or charm of the kind termed عُوذَة. (IAar, K.) b4: A crescent of silver in the middle of the necklace termed قِلَادَة. (IAar, K.) b5: Silver [itself]. (Th, K.) b6: A good, or sound, دِرْهَم [or silver coin]. (IAar, K.) b7: A shield; (S, O, K;) sometimes used in this sense; (S, O;) as also ↓ جَالٌ. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) b8: A large wooden bowl. (IAar, TA.) b9: A white ثَوْب [or piece of cloth] that is put upon the hand of him to whom the players at the game called المَيْسِر commit the arrows [to be shuffled and distributed, in order that he may not be able to distinguish them by the feel,] when they have collected themselves. (ISd, K, * TA.) [For the same purpose, a piece of thin skin was also used: see رِبَابَةٌ.]

A2: A pool of water left by a torrent; because the water goes round about in it. (IF, TA.) A3: A wild ass. (IAar, K.) مُسْتَجَالٌ [pass. part. n. of 10, Turned from the right course, &c.:] excited to lightness, or levity, and unsteadiness: (TA:) being bereft of his reason, or intellect. (AA, TA.)

كبر

1 كَبُرَ, aor. ـُ (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. كُبْرٌ (A, Msb, K) and كِبَرٌ and كَبَارَةٌ, (A, K,) He, (TA,) or it, (Msb,) was, or became, great, [big, or large in body, or corporeal substance: and in years, or age; (when said of a human being, often particularly signifying he attained to puberty;) and in estimation or rank or dignity;] contr. of ضَغُرَ; (A, K;) syn. عَظُمَ, (S, Msb, K,) and جَسُمَ. (K.) [In the K the pret. is twice mentioned: where it is explained as signifying the contr. of صَغُرَ, the above inf. ns. are mentioned, as in the A: where it is explained by عَظُمَ and جَسُمَ in the K, no inf. n. is mentioned; but in the TA it is there said that in the sense of عَظُمَ it relates to an affair or case, and that the inf. n. is كِبَرٌ and كَبَارَةٌ; and that in the sense of جَسُمَ it relates to anything.] b2: كَبُرَ الأَمْرُ [The affair, or case, was, or became, of great moment; it was, or became, momentous: or it signifies as in the phrase next following]. (A.) b3: كَبُرَ عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرُ The affair, or case, was, or became, difficult, hard, severe, grievous, distressing, afflictive, troublesome, or burdensome, to him or in its effect upon him; syn. شَقَّ. (A, * TA.) In this sense the verb is used in the Kur, x, 72, (TA,) and xlii, 11. (Bd, ii. 42.) and so in the Kur again, xvii, 53, أَوْ خَلْقًا مِمَّا يَكْبُرُ فِى صدُورِكُمْ, (TA,) meaning, أَوْخَلْقًا مِمَّا يَكْبُرُ عِنْدَكُمْ عَنْ قُبُولِ الحَيَاةِ [Or a created thing of those which are too difficult in your minds to receive life], as being the thing most remote from capability to receive life. (Bd.) [This signification is from the primary application of the verb.]

A2: كَبِرَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. كِبَرٌ and مَكْبِرٌ, He (a man, S, a human being, and a beast, TA, and a child, Msb,) became full-grown, or old, or advanced in age. (S, K.) Hence the prov., كَبِرَ عَمْرُو عَنِ الطَّوْقِ: see art. طوق.] b2: [In modern Arabic, and, I believe, sometimes, in classic authors, it also signifies He became big; (said of a boy, or child, in the TA in art. رع, &c.;) i. e. attained to full growth: and to adolescence: and to puberty: see كَبِيرٌ.] This form of the verb and that first mentioned are sometimes erroneously used, each for the other, by persons of distinction as well as by the vulgar. (TA.) b3: See كَبْرَةٌ, below.

A3: كَابَرْتُهُ فَكَبَرْتُهُ, aor. of the latter, كَبُرَ: see 3. b2: كَبَرَهُ بِسَنَةٍ, aor. ـُ He exceeded me in age by a year. (K.) and مَا كَبَرَنِى إِلَّا بِسَنَةٍ He did not exceed me in age save by a year. (IAar.) 2 كبّر, inf. n. تكَبِيرٌ, He made a thing great. (K.) b2: He magnified, or honoured; syn. عَظَّمَ. (S) b3: Also, inf. n. as above, and كِبَّارٌ, (Sgh, K,) which latter is of the dial. of Belhárith Ibn-Kaab and many of the people of El-Yemen, (Sgh,) He said اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَر. (K.) See أَكْبَرُ, below.3 كَابَرْتُهُ فَكَبَرْتُهُ, aor. of the latter كَبُرَ, [I contended, or disputed, with him for superiority in greatness, and I overcame him therein.] (A.) You say كَابَرَ فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا Such a one disputed with such a one for superiority in greatness, and said I am greater than thou. (A.) b2: كابرهُ, inf. n. مُكَابَرَةٌ, He vied with him; or contended with him for superiority; syn. غَالَبَهُ: and he contended against him; or he contended against him, or disputed with him, not knowing the truth or falsity of what he or his adversary said; syn. عَانَدَهُ: (Msb:) or he contended or disputed with him, knowing that what he himself said was false, and that what his adversary said was true. (Kull, p. 342.) b3: It is said in a trad., لَاتُكَابِرُوا الصَّلَاةَ, meaning, لَا تُغَالِبُوهَا [app., Contend not ye against prayer.] (TA.) b4: كُوبِرَ فَأَبَى [It was contended with, and refused, or would not]: said of what he would utter by a man who had an impediment in his speech. (A.) b5: كَابَرَهُ عَلَى حَقِّهِ He denied, or disacknowledged, to him his right, or due, and contended with him for it; expl. by جَاحَدَهُ وَغَالَبَهُ. (A, TA. [See 1 in art. جحد.]) b6: كُوبِرَ عَلَى مَالِهِ He had his property taken from him by force. (A, TA.) 4 اكبرهُ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِكْبَارٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ استكبرهُ; (K;) He deemed it great [or formidable; see an ex., voce فَظِعَ;] it was great in his estimation; (IJ, K;) syn. إِسْتَعْظَمَهُ. (S, Msb.) b2: اكبرت She brought forth a great child, or young one. (IKtt.) b3: أَصْغَرَتِ النَّاقَةُ وَأَكْبَرَتْ: see art. صغر.5 تكبّر and ↓ استكبر (S, K) and ↓ تكابر (K) He magnified himself; behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolently; (K;) syn. تَعَظَّمَ: (S:) or تكبّر signifies, as used in the Kur, vii. 143, he considered himself as of the most excellent of the creation, and as having rights which others have not: (Zj:) or this verb has two significations: one of them, he did really good and great actions, exceeding the good actions of others; and hence المُتَكَبِّرُ [applied to God] in the Kur, lix. 23: the other, he affected to do such actions, and boasted of great qualities which he did not possess; as do the generality of men; and hence, مُتَكَبِّر in the Kur, xl. 37; and the verb itself in the Kur, vii. 143: and ↓ استكبر is nearly syn. with تكبّر, and likewise has two significations: one of them, he endeavoured, and sought, to become great; and to do so, when the manner and place and time are such as are requisite, is praiseworthy: the other, he boasted of qualities which he did possess, and feigned such qualities; and to do so is blameable; and in this sense the verb is used in the Kur, ii. 32: (El-Basáïr:) and ↓ تكابر signifies he feigned himself great in estimation or rank or dignity, or in age. (A, TA.) b2: تكبّر عَلَى اللّٰهِ He magnified himself against God, by refusing to accept the truth. (El-Basáïr.) b3: [تكبّر عَنْ كَذَا He was disdainful of such a thing; he disdained it; turned from it with disdain; he held himself above it; like تَعَظَّمَ and تَعَاظَمَ and تَجَالَّ and تَرَفَّعَ.]6 تَكَاْبَرَ see 5, in two places.10 إِسْتَكْبَرَ see 4: A2: see also 5, in two places.

كُبْرٌ: see كِبْرٌ, in two senses: A2: and see كِبْرَةٌ in three places.

كِبْرٌ Greatness [in corporeal substance, and in estimation or rank or dignity]. (IKoot, Msb.) b2: Nobility; eminence; highness; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ كُبْرٌ: (K:) eminence, or highness, in, or with respect to, nobility; (K;) as also ↓ كُبُرٌ, with two dammehs. (TA.) b3: I. q. عَظَمَةٌ [which, as an attribute of God, signifies greatness, or majesty, or the like: (see مُنَكَبِّرٌ:) and as an attribute of a man, pride]: (S, Msb, K:) a subst. from التَّكَبُّرُ: (Msb:) as also ↓ كِبْرِيَآءُ; (S, Msb, K;) a word, says Kr, of which there is not the like [in measure], except سِيمِيَآءُ and جِرْبِيَآءُ; for, he adds, as to كِيمِيَآءُ, I think it a foreign word: (TA:) the latter [↓ كِبْرِيَاءُ] occurs as an attribute of God, in the sense of عَظَمَةٌ, (A, Mgh, Jel,) in the Kur, xlv. 36: (Jel:) and as an attribute of men, in the Kur, x. 79, where it is said to signify proud behaviour towards others, (Bd,) or dominion: (IAmb, Bd, Jel:) and both signify pride, haughtiness, or insolence: (K:) or the former, self-admiration, or self-conceit; and the holding one's self greater than others: and the ↓ latter, disdain of submission; an attribute to which none but God has a right. (El-Basáïr.) b4: Unbelief: the association of any other being with God. So in a trad., in which it is said, that he who has in his heart the weight of a grain of mustard-seed of كِبْر shall not enter paradise. (TA.) b5: See also كَبِيرَةٌ.

A2: The main, or greater, or greatest, part of a thing; (Fr. ISk, Az, S, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ كُبْرٌ, (Fr, Mgh, Sgh, K,) like عُظْمٌ; (Fr;) thought by Ibn-ElYezeedee to be a dial. form; but Az says, that the Arabs used the other form [كِبْرٌ]. (TA.) So in the Kur, xxiv. 11, وَالَّذِى تَوَلَّى كِبْرَهُ (Fr, S) And he who took upon himself, or undertook, the main part thereof; namely, of the very wicked lie against 'Áïsheh: (Jel:) thus accord. to the “ Seven Readers ”: and ↓ كُبْرَهُ, which is an extr. reading, (Msb,) the reading of Homeyd Ibn-El-Aaraj, (Fr, Sgh,) and of Yaakoob. (Sgh, Bd.) كُبْرُ سِيَاسَةِ النَّاسِ فِى المَالِ, [app. signifies The main part of men's management is with respect to property, or camels, &c.]. (S.) كَبَرٌ [The caper, or capparis of Linnæus;] a certain plant having thorns; (TA;) an arabicized word, from the Persian [كَبَرْ]; (S;) called in Arabic لَصَفٌ, (Mgh,) or أَصَفٌ: (S, K:) the vulgar say ↓ كُبَّارٌ. (K.) A beverage is described as made of كَبَر and barley: كثر is a mistranscription. (Mgh.) كُبُرٌ: see كِبْرٌ.

كِبَرٌ inf. n. of 1: b2: see also كَبْرَةٌ.

كُبُرٌّ: see كِبْرَةٌ.

كَبْرَةٌ, a subst. from كَبِرَ, (S,) Oldness; age; old age; (S, Msb, K; *) as also ↓ كَبُرَةٌ and ↓ مَكْبَرَةٌ and ↓ مَكبُرَةٌ (K) and ↓ مَكْبِرٌ (S, K) and ↓ كِبَرٌ. (TA.) The last two, the latter of which is the most common of all, are inf. ns. of كَبِرَ.] You say عَلَتْهُ كَبُرَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and كَبُرَةٌ, and مُكْبَرَةٌ, and مَكْبُرَةٌ, (K,) and عَلَاهُ المَكْبِرُ, (S,) or مَكْبِرٌ, (K,) and كِبَرٌ, (TA,) [Age overcame him;] he became old, or advanced in age. (Msb.) عَلَتْهُ كَبْرَةٌ is also said, tropically, of a sword, and of the iron head or blade of a weapon, when it has become old: (TA:) or of an old iron head or blade of a weapon when spoilt by rust. (M, TA.) And كَبْرَةٌ is used by AHn with respect to dates and the like. (L.) [See also an ex. voce حَلْقَةٌ.]

كِبْرَةٌ: see كَبِيرَةٌ.

A2: هُوَ كِبْرَتُهُمْ, (K,) and ↓ كُبُرَّتُهُمْ, (Az, K,) so in the handwriting of AHeyth., (TA,) and ↓ إِكْبِرَّتُهُمْ, and ↓ أَكْبِرَّتُهُمْ, and ↓ كُبْرُهُمْ, and ↓ كُبُرُّهُمْ, (K,) He is the greatest of them (K, TA) in age, or in headship: (TA:) or he is the nearest of them in kin to his chief, or oldest, ancestor; (K, TA;) his intermediate ancestors being fewer in number: (TA:) but some of these epithets are differently explained, as follows:] هٰذَا كِبْرَةُ أَبِيهِ this is the greatest, or oldest, (أَكْبَرُ,) of the children of his father; contr. of صِغْرَةُ أَبِيهِ: (A:) and هُوَ كِبْرَةُ وَلَدِ أَبَوَيْهِ he is the greatest, or oldest, (اكبر,) of the children of his parents: (Ks, Az:) or he is the last of the children of his parents; (Sh, S;) and the like is said of a female, (Sh, ISk, S,) and of a pl. number: (ISk, S:) it is like عِجْزَةُ وَلَدِ أَبَوَيْهِ: (Sh, A'Obeyd, S:) or, accord. to Ks and Az, this last phrase has this meaning; but Az says, that كِبْرَة means otherwise, namely, أَكْبَرُ: (TA:) and فُلَانٌ إِكْبِرَّةُ قَوْمِهِ such a one is the greatest, or oldest, (أَكْبَرُ,) of his people; and the like is said of a female, and of a pl. number: (S:) and قَوْمِهِ ↓ هُوَ كُبْرُ, (S,) or قَوْمِهِ ↓ أَكْبَرُ, and قَوْمِهِ ↓ أُكْبُرُّ, of the measure of أُفْعُلّ, and applied to a woman as to a man, (TA,) he is the nearest of his people in kin to his chief, or oldest, ancestor; (S, TA;) in which sense, قَوْمِهِ ↓ كَانَ كُبْرَ is said of El-'Abbás, in a trad., because there remained not, in his lifetime, any one of the descendants of Háshim more nearly related to him than he: (L:) and in another trad. it is said, الَولآءُ للكُبْرِ (S, Mgh, Msb) the right to the inheritance of the property left by an emancipated slave belongs to the nearest in kin [to the emancipater] (Mgh, Msb) of the sons of the emancipater; (Mgh;) i. e., when a man [who has emancipated a slave] dies, leaving a son and a grandson, the right to the inheritance of the property left by the emancipated slave belongs to the son, not the grandson. (S.) كَبُرَةٌ: see كَبْرَةٌ.

كُبُرَّةٌ: see كِبْرَةٌ.

كِبْرِيَآءُ: see كِبْرٌ.

كِبْرِيتٌ: see art. كبرت.

كُبَارٌ: see كَبِيرٌ.

كَبِيرٌ Great [in body, or corporeal substance, and in estimation or rank or dignity; contr. of صَغِيرٌ, but see عَظِيمٌ]; (S, K;) as also كِبِيرٌ, as asserted by En-Nawawee and others, (TA,) and ↓ كُبَارٌ (S, K) [in an intensive sense, like عُطَامٌ,] and ↓ كَابِرٌ and ↓ كُبَّارٌ: (K:) or the last signifies excessively great: (S, TA:) and كَابِرٌ is an epithat applied to a man, and signifying great in dignity and nobility; (S, TA;) or great and noble; (Msb;) or one overcoming in greatness; (A;) or a lord, or chief; and the greatest, or oldest, ancestor: (AA:) the fem. [of كَبِيرٌ] is with ة: (K:) and the pl. is كِبَارٌ (S, K) and كُبَرَآءُ, applied to men, (TA,) and مَكْبُورَآءُ, (S, * K,) [or rather the last is a quasi-pl. n.,] like مَشْيُوخَآءُ; [see شَيْخٌ;] (TA;) and [of كُبَّارٌ] كُبَّارُونَ. (K.) [See also أَكْبَرُ, and مُتَكَبِّرٌ.] You say تَوَارَثُوا ↓ الْمَجْدَ كَابِرًا عَنْ كَابِرٍ They inherited by degrees dignity, or nobility, one great in dignity and nobility from another great in dignity and nobility: (S:) or one great and noble from another great and noble: (Msb:) or عَنْ is here used in the sense of بَعْدَ [after]: (TA voce طَبَقٌ:) or one overcoming in greatness from another overcoming in greatness. (A.) [In the A and Msb, instead of توارثوا, I find وَرِثُوا.] b2: Great, or advanced, in age; old: (A, Msb, TA:) and also big; meaning full-grown; and adolescent: (see كَبِرَ:) occurring in apposition to بَالِغٌ in art. برك in the S; and often, like بَالِغٌ, when applied to a human being, signifying one who has attained to puberty; opposed to صَغِيرٌ:] fem. with ة: and pl. كِبَارٌ. (Msb.) b3: [Hence,] A teacher, and master: so in the Kur, xx. 74, and xxvi. 48: (Ks:) and the most knowing, or learned, of a people: so in the Kur, xii. 80. (Mujáhid.) b4: Difficult, severe, grievous, distressing, afflictive, troublesome, or burdensome: (TA:) fem. with ة; occurring in this sense in the Kur, ii. 42. (Bd, TA.) [The fem. is often used in the present day as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates, meaning, An affair, or a matter, that is difficult, severe, grievous, &c.] b5: الكَبِيرُ as an epithet applied to God is syn. with العَظِيمُ [signifying The Incomparably-great]. (TA in art. عظم.) كَبِيرَة A foul, or an abominable, sin, or crime, or offence, forbidden by the law, of great magnitude; such as murder and adultery or forni-cation, and fleeing from an army proceeding against an enemy [of the Muslims], &c.; [contr. of صَغِيرَةٌ;] an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: (TA:) and ↓ كِبْرٌ and ↓ كِبْرَةٌ [in like manner] signify a great sin, or crime, or offence, for which one deserves punishment: (M, K:) the ة is to give intensiveness to the signification: (TA:) or ↓ كِبْرٌ signifies [simply] a sin, a crime, or an offence, for which one deserves punishment, [as كَبِيرَةٌ is said, not well, to signify, in the Msb,] and is from كَبِيرَةٌ, like خِطْ from خَطِيْئَةٌ: (TA:) pl. of the first, كَبَائِرُ, (Msb, TA,) and كَبِيرَاتٌ also occurs. (Msb.) b2: And see كَبِيرٌ.

كُبَّارٌ: see كَبِيرٌ: A2: and see كَبَرٌ.

كِبَّارٌ: see 2.

كَابِرٌ: see كَبِيرٌ.

أَكْبَرُ [Greater, and greatest, in body, or corporeal substance, and in estimation or rank or dignity: and] more, or most, advanced in age; older, and oldest: (Msb:) fem. كُبْرَى: (S, Msb:) pl. masc. أَكَابِرُ (S, Msb) and أَكْبَرُونَ; but not كُبْرٌ, because this is of a form specially appropriated to an epithet such as أَسْوَدُ and أَحْمَرُ, and you do not use اكبر in the manner of such an epithet, for you do not say هٰذَا رَجُلٌ أَكْبَرُ, unless you conjoin it with a following word by مِنْ, or prefix to it the article ال: (S:) [but see the phrase دَعَا بِكُبْرِهِ, below:] the pl. fem. is كُبَرٌ (S, Msb, K) and كُبْرَيَاتٌ. (Msb.) b2: أَكْبَرُ is also used in the sense of كَبِيرٌ: (Msb:) accord. to some, اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَر means God is great; (Az, Mgh, Msb;) like as هُوَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْهِ [in the Kur, xxx. 26,] means هُوَ هَيِّنٌ عَلَيْهِ; (Az, TA;) but this explanation is of weak authority: (Mgh:) accord. to others, the phrase is elliptical, and means God is the greatest great [being]: (Az, TA:) or God is greater than every [other] great [being]: (Msb:) or greater than every [other] thing: (Mgh, TA:) or greater than such as that one knows the measure of His majesty: (TA:) [or it may be rendered God is most great, meaning, greater than any other being:] it is considered as elliptical because it is necessary that اكبر should have the article ال, or be followed by a noun in the gen. case [or by the prep. مِنْ]. (TA.) In the phrase اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ كَبِيراً, the word كبيرا is put in the accus. case [as a corroborative] in the place of the inf. n. تَكْبِيراً, as though one said أُكَبِّرُ تَكْبِيرًا [I magnify Him greatly, after saying اللّٰه اكبر]. (TA.) b3: يَوْمُ الحَجِّ الأَكْبَرِ [The day of the greater pilgrimage,] means the day of the sacrifice: or, as some say, the day of 'Arafeh: and others say otherwise. (TA.) b4: In the following words, in a trad. of Mázin, بُعِثَ نَبِىٌّ مِنْ مُضَرَ بِدِينِ اللّٰهِ الكُبَرِ, there is an ellipsis, and the meaning is, بِشَرَئِعِ دِينِ اللّٰهِ الكُبَرِ [A prophet of Mudar hath been sent with the greatest, or greater, or great, ordinances of God]. (TA.) b5: In a trad. respecting burial, وَيُجْعَلُ الْأَكْبَرُ مِمَّا يَلِى الْقِبْلَةَ means, And the most excellent shall be placed towards the Kibleh: or, if they be equal [in dignity], the oldest. (TA.) [Agreeably with the former rendering,] أَكْبَرُ, in the Kur, xxix. 44, is explained as signifying Better. (TA, art. ذكر.) [And agreeably with the second rendering of the above trad.,] you say هٰذَا أَكْبَرُ مِنْ زَيْدٍ, meaning, This is older than Zeyd. (Msb.) b6: In a trad. of Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr, the phrase دَعَا بِكُبْرِهِ means He summoned his sheykhs, and elders, or great men: كُبْر being here [notwithstanding what has been said above,] pl. of أَكْبَرُ, like as حُمْرٌ is pl. of أَحْمَرُ. (TA.) b7: هٰذِهِ الجَارِيَةُ مِنْ كُبْرَى بَنَاتِ فُلَانٍ means, [This girl is of those advanced in age of the daughters of such a one,] مِنْ كِبَارِ بَنَاتِهِ. (Ibn-Buzurj.) b8: هُوَ أَكْبَرُ قَوْمِهِ: see كِبْرَةٌ.

أُكْبُرٌّ: see كِبْرَةٌ.

إِكْبِرَّةٌ and أَكْبِرَّةٌ: see كِبْرَةٌ; the former, in two places.

مَكْبِرٌ: see كَبْرَةٌ.

مَكْبَرَةٌ and مَكْبُرَةٌ: see كَبْبَرةٌ.

هُوَ مُكَابَرٌ عَلَيْهِ He has had it (his property) taken from him by force. (A, TA.) المُتَكَبِّرُ, as an epithet applied to God, signifies The Great in majesty: (A:) or the Most Excellent of beings, who has rights which no other has; the Possessor of power and excellence the like of which no other possesses: (TA:) or He whose acts are really good, exceeding the good acts of any other: (El-Basáïr:) or, as also ↓ الكَبِيرُ, the Majestic: or He who disdains having the attributes of created beings: or He who magnifies Himself against the proud and exorbitant among his creatures: the ت in the former word is to denote individuation, not endeavour. (TA.)

كفر

1 كَفَرَ الشَّىْءَ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, &c,) aor. , in the sense first explained below كَفِرَ, (S, K, &c.;) [respecting which Fei observes,] ElFárábee, whom J follows, says that it is like يَضْرِبُ, but in a trustworthy copy of the T it is written كَفُرَ, and this is the proper form, because they say that كَفَرَ النِّعْمَةَ [of which the aor. is كَفُرَ] is borrowed from كَفَرَ الشَّىْءَ in the sense which is first explained below; (Msb;) and MF says, that the saying of J, following his maternal uncle Aboo-Nasr El-Fárábee, that the aor. of this verb is كَفِرَ, is doubtless a mistake; but to this, [says SM,] I reply, that it is correctly كَفِرَ, as J and F and other leading lexicologists have said; though the aor. of the verb of كُفْرٌ as meaning the contr. of إِيْمَانٌ is كَفُرَ; (TA;) [or, if this latter verb be taken from the former, the aor. of the former may have been originally كَفِرَ and كَفُرَ, and general usage may have afterwards applied the aor. ـِ to one signification, while the aor. ـُ has been applied by very few persons to that signification, but by all to the significations thence derived;] inf. n. كَفْرٌ; (S, Msb;) and ↓ كفّرهُ, (A, Mgh, K,) inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ; (TA;) He veiled, concealed, hid, or covered, the thing: (S, A, * Mgh, * Msb, K: *) or he covered the thing so as to destroy it: (Az, TA:) and كَفَرَ عَلَيْهِ, aor. [and inf. n.] as above, he covered it; covered it over. (K,) You say كَفَرَ البَذْرَ الْمَبْذُورَ CCC He covered the sown seed with earth. (TA.) And كَفَرَ السَّحَابُ السَّمَآءَ The clouds covered the sky. (A.) Lebeed says, فِى لَيْلَةٍ كَفَرَ النُّجُومَ غَمَامُهَا In a night whereof the clouds that covered the sky concealed the stars. (Msb.) You say also كَفَرَهُ اللَّيْلُ, and كَفَرَ عَلَيْهِ, The night covered it with its blackness. (TA.) And كَفَرَتِ الرِّيحُ الرَّسْمَ The wind covered the trace or mark [with dust.] (A.) And كَفَرَ فَوْقَ دِرْعِهِ He clad himself with a garment over his coat of mail. and دِرْعَهُ بِثَوْبٍ ↓ كَفَّرَ He covered his coat of mail with a garment. (TA.) And كَفَرَ مَتَاعَهُ He put his goods in a receptacle. (TA.) and كَفَرَ الْمَتَاعَ فِى الوِعَآءِ CCC He covered, or concealed, the goods in the receptacle. (A.) And ↓ كَفَّرَ نَفْسَهُ بِالسِّلَاحِ He covered himself with the arms. (A.) And كَفَرَ الجَهْلُ عَلَى عِلْمِ فُلَانٍ Ignorance covered over the knowledge of such a one. (TA.) وَكَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ, [thus, with damm as the vowel of the aor. ,] in the Kur, iii. 96, has been explained as signifying And wherefore do ye cover the familiarity and love in which ye were living? (TA.) b2: Hence, (Msb, TA,) كَفَرَ, (S,) and كَفَرَ النِّعْمَةَ, and بِالنِّعْمَةِ; (Msb;) and كَفَرَ نِعْمَةَ اللّٰهِ, and بِنِعْمَةِ اللّٰهِ; (K;) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. كُفْرَانٌ. (S, K,) which is the most common form in this case, (El-Basáïr,) and كُفُورٌ, (S, K,) and كُفْرٌ; (El-Basáïr;) He covered, or concealed, (Msb,) and denied, or disacknowledged, the favour or benefit [conferred upon him]; (S, Msb;) he was ungrateful, or unthankful, or behaved ungratefully or unthankfully; contr. of شَكَرَ; (S;) and he denied, or disacknowledged, and concealed, or covered, the favour or benefit of God: (K:) God's favours or benefits are the signs which show to those who have discrimination that their Creator is one, without partner, and that He has sent apostles with miraculous signs and revealed scriptures and manifest proofs. (Az, TA.) وَلَا نَكْفُرُكَ, in the prayer [termed القُنُوتُ], means وَلَا نَكْفُرُ نِعْمَتَكَ [And we will not deny, or disacknowledge, thy favour; or we will not be ungrateful, or unthankful, for it]. (Msb.) [The verb when used in this sense, seems, from what has been said above, to be a حَقِيقَة عُرْفِيَّة, or word so much used in a particular tropical sense as to be, in that sense, conventionally regarded as proper.] b3: and hence, كَفَرَ, inf. n. كُفْرَانٌ, is used to signify [absolutely] He denied, or disacknowledged. (TA.) [See the act. part. n., below: and see 3. See also art. ف, p. 2322 a.] You say كَفَرَ بِالصَّانِعِ He denied the Creator. (Msb.) b4: Hence also, (TA.) كَفَرَ, (S, Msb,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. كُفُرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) which is the most common form in this case, (El-Basáïr,) and كَفْرٌ (K) and كُفْرَانٌ (Msb, K) and كُفُورٌ, (K,) He disbelieved; he became an unbeliever, or infidel; contr. of آمَنَ, inf. n. إِيْمَانٌ. (S, K.) You say كَفَرَ بِاللّٰهِ (S, Msb) He disbelieved in God: (S:) because he who does so conceals, or covers, the truth, and the favours of the liberal Dispenser of favours [who is God]. (MF.) [Also, as shown above, He denied God.] It is related in a trad. of 'Abd-El-Melik, that he wrote to El-Hajjáj, مَنْ أَقَرَّ بِالكُفْرِ فَخَلِّ سَبِيلَهُ, meaning, Whosoever confesses the unbelief of him who opposes the Benoo-Marwán, and goes forth against them, let him go his way. (TA.) See also كُفْرٌ, below. b5: [He blasphemed: a signification very common in the present day.] b6: Also, كَفَرَ بِكَذَا He declared himself to be clear, or quit, of such a thing. (Msb.) In this sense it is used in the Kur xiv. 27. (Msb, TA.) b7: And كَفَرَ also signifies He was remiss, or fell short of his duty, with respect to the law, and neglected the gratitude or thankfulness to God which was incumbent on him. So in the Kur xxx. 43; as is shown by its being opposed to عَمِلَ صَالِحًا. (TA.) A2: كَفَرَ لَهُ, inf. n. كَفْرٌ: see 2.2 كفّرهُ, inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ: see 1, first signification, in three places.

A2: Hence, كَفَّرَ الذَّنْبَ It (war in the cause of God [or the like]) covered, or concealed, the crime or sin: (Mgh:) (or expiated it: or annulled it; for] تكفير with respect to acts of disobedience is like إِحْبَاطٌ with respect to reward. (S, K.) The saying in the Kur [v. 70.] لَكَفَّرْنَا عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ means, We would cover, or conceal, their sins, so that they should become as though they had not been: or it may mean, We would do away with their sins; as is indicated by another saying in the Kur [xi. 116,] “ good actions do away with sins. ” (El-Basáïr.) كَفَّرَ اللّٰهُ عَنْهُ الذَّنْبَ signifies God effaced his sin. (Msb.) b2: And كَفَّرَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ [He expiated his oath;] he performed, (Msb,) or gave, (K,) what is termed كَفَّارَة [i. e. a fast, or alms, for the expiation of his oath]: (Msb, K:) تَكْفِيرٌ of an oath is the doing what is incumbent, or obligatory, for the violation, or breaking, thereof: (S:) كَفَّرَ يَمِينَهُ is a vulgar phrase. (Mgh.) A3: كَفَّرَهُ as syn. with أَكْفَرَهُ: see 4.

A4: كَفَّرَ لَهُ, inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ, (A, Mgh, TA,) He did obeisance to him, lowering his head, or bowing, and bending himself, and putting his hand upon his breast: (Mgh:) or put his hand upon his breast and bent himself down to him: (TA:) or he made a sign of humbling himself to him; did obeisance to him: (A:) namely, an عِلْج [or unbeliever of the Persians or other foreigners] (A, Mgh) or a ذِمِّىّ [or free non- Muslim subject of a Muslim government, i. e., a Christian, a Jew, or a Sabian] (Mgh) to the king; (A, Mgh;) or a slave to his master, or to his دِهْقَان [or chief]: (TA:) and ↓ كَفَرَ, [aor. ـُ accord. to the rule of of the K,] (TK,) inf. n. كَفْرٌ, (K,) he (a Persian, فَارِسِىٌّ, K, and so in the L and other lexicons, but in the TS فَارِس, without ى, which is probably a mistake of copyists, TA) paid honour to his king, (K, TA,) by making a sing with his head, near to prostration: (TA:) تَكْفِيرٌ is a man's humbling himself to another, (S, K, TA,) bending himself, and lowering his head, nearly in the manner termed رُكُوعٌ; as one does when he desires to pay honour to his friend; (TA;) or as the عِلْج does to the دِهْقَان: (S:) and the تكفير of the people of the scriptures [or Christians and Jews, and Sabians] one's lowering his head to his friend, like the تَسْلِيم with the Muslims: or one's putting his hand, or his two hands, upon his breast: (TA:) and تكفير in prayer is the bending one's self much in the state of standing, before the action termed رُكُوعٌ; the doing of which was disapproved by Mohammad, accord. to a trad. (TA.) It is said in a trad., إِذَا أَصْبَحَ ابْنُ آدَمَ فَإِنَّ الأَعْضَآءَ تُكَفِّرُ كُلُّهَا لِلِّسَانِ When the son of Adam rises in the morning, verily all the members abase themselves to the tongue, (Mgh, TA,) and confess obedience to it, and humbly submit to its command. (TA.) b2: تَكْفِيرٌ also signifies The crowning a king with a crown, [because] when he, or it, is seen, obeisance is done to him (إِذَا رُئِىَ كُفِّرَ لَهُ). (K.) b3: See also تَكْفِيرٌ below.3 كَافَرَنِى حَقِّى He denied, or disacknowledged, to me my right, or just claim. (A, Mgh, K.) Hence the saying of 'Ámir, إِذَا أَقَرَّ عِنْدَ القَاضِى

بِشَىْءٍ ثُمَّ كَافَرَ [When he confesses a thing in the presence of the Kádee, then denies, or disacknowledges: كَافَرَ being thus used in the sense of كَفَرَ]. But as to the saying of Mohammad [the lawyer], رجُلٌ لَهُ عَلَى آخَرَ دَيْنٌ فَكَافَرَهُ بِهِ سِنِينَ [A man who owed to another a debt, and denied to him, in the case of it, for years], he seems to have made it imply the meaning of المُمَاطَلَة, and therefore to have made it trans. in the same manner as المماطلة is trans. (Mgh.) 4 اكفرهُ, (S, A, Mgh, K,) and ↓ كفّرهُ, (A, Mgh, Msb,) [the latter of which is the more common in the present day,] He called him a كَافِر [i. e. a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel]: (S, Mgh, K:) he attributed, or imputed to him, charged him with, or accused him of, disbelief, or infidelity: (S, A, Msb:) or he said to him كَفَرْتَ [Thou hast become an unbeliever, or infidel, or Thou hast blasphemed: in this last sense, “ he said to him Thou hast blasphemed, ”

كفّرهُ, to which alone it is assigned in the Msb, is very commonly used in the present day]. (Msb.) Hence the saying, لَا تُكْفِرْ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ قِبْلَتِكَ Do not thou attribute or impute disbelief or infidelity to any one of the people of thy kibleh; (S, TA;) i. e., do not thou call any such a disbeliever, &c.; or do not thou make him such by thine assertion and thy saying. (TA.) لَا تُكَفِّرُوا أَهْلَ قِبْلَتِكُمْ is not authorized by the relation, though it be allowable as a dial. form. (Mgh.) b2: [Also] أَكْفَرْتُهُ, inf. n. إِكْفَارٌ, I made him a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel; I compelled him to become a disbeliever, &c. (Msb.) And أَكْفَرَ فُلَانٌ صَاحِبَهُ Such a one compelled his companion by evil treatment to become disobedient after he had been obedient. (Mgh.) And أَكْفَرَ الرَّجُلُ مُطِيعَهُ The man compelled him who had obeyed him to disobey him: (T, TA:) or he made him to be under a necessity to disobey him. (TA.) A2: اكفر He (a man, TA) kept, or confined himself, to the كَفْر, (K,) i. e. قَرْيَة [town or village]; (TA;) as also ↓ اكتفر. (IAar, K.) 5 تكفّر بِالسِّلَاحِ He covered himself with the arms. And تكفّر بِالثَّوْبِ He enveloped himself entirely with the garment. (A.) 8 إِكْتَفَرَ see 4, last signification.

كَفْرٌ The darkness and blackness of night; [because it conceals things;] as also, sometimes, ↓ كِفْرٌ. (S, K.) [See also كَافِرٌ.] See a verse cited voce ذُكَآءُ.

A2: Earth, or dust; because it conceals what is beneath it. (Lh.) A3: [Hence also] A grave, or sepulchre: (S, K:) pl. كُفُورٌ. (S.) Whence the saying, أَللّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِأَهْلِ الكُفُورِ [O God, pardon the people of the graves]. (S.) A4: [And hence, perhaps,] A town, or village; [generally the latter;] syn. قَرْيَةٌ: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) a Syriac word, and mostly used by the people of Syria [and of Egypt]: or, accord. to El-Harbee, land that is far from men, by which no one passes: (TA:) pl. كُفُورٌ: (S, Msb:) in the present day, it is applied in Egypt to any small قَرْيَة [or village] by the side of a great قَرْيَة [or town]: they say القَرْيَةُ الفُلَانِيَّةُ وَكَفْرُهَا [Such a town and its village]: and sometimes one قَرْيَة has a number of كُفُور. (TA.) Hence the saying of Mo'áwiyeh, أَهْلُ الكُفُورِ هُمْ أَهْلُ القُبُورِ [The people of the villages are the people of the graves]; meaning, that they are as the dead; they do not see the great towns and the performance of the congregational prayers of Friday: (S, Mgh:) by الكفور he meant the villages (القُرَى) remote from the great towns and from the places where the people of science assemble, so that ignorance prevails among their inhabitants, and they are most quickly affected by innovations in religion and by natural desires which cause to err. (Az, TA.) Hence also the trad. (of Aboo-Hureyreh, TA), لَيُخْرِجَنَّكُمُ الرُّومُ مِنْهَا كَفْرًا كَفْرًا [The Greeks will assuredly expel you from them, town by town, or village by village]; (S, * TA;) i. e. from the فُرًى of Syria. (S, TA.) b2: كَفْرٌ عَلَى كَفْرٍ also signifies One upon another; or one part upon another. (TA.) كُفْرٌ: see 1. [As a simple subst., Ingratitude, &c. b2: And particularly Denial, or disacknowledgment, of favours or benefits, and especially of those conferred by God: and disbelief, unbelief; infidelity.] It is of four kinds: كُفْرُ إِنْكَارٍ the denial, or disacknowledgment, of God, with the heart and the tongue, having no knowledge of what is told one of the unity of God [&c.]: and كُفْرُ جُحُودٍ the acknowledgment with the heart without confessing with the tongue: [or the disacknowledgment of God with the tongue while the heart acknowledges Him:] and كُفْرُ المُعَانَدَةِ the knowledge of God with the heart, and confession with the tongue, with refusal to accept [the truth]: and كُفْرُ النِّفَاقِ the confession with the tongue with disbelief in the heart: all of these are unpardonable: (L, TA:) the greatest كُفْر is the denial, or disacknowledgment, of the unity [of God], or of the prophetic office [of Mohammad and others], or of the law of God. (El-Basáïr.) [Also, Blasphemy. Its pl., as a simple subst. in all these senses, is said to be كُفُورٌ.]. Akh says, that كُفُورًا [in the accus. case] in the Kur xvii. 101, [to which may be added v. 91 of the same ch., and xxv. 52,] is pl. of كُفْرٌ, like as بُرُودٌ is pl. of بُرْدٌ. (S.) A2: Tar, or pitch, syn. قِيرٌ; with which ships are smeared; (K;) of which there are three sorts, كُفْرٌ and قِيرٌ and زِفتٌ: كفر is melted, and then ships are smeared with it: [whence, app., its name, from its being a covering:] زفت is used for smearing skins for wine, &c. (ISh.) كِفْرٌ: see كَفْرٌ.

كَفَرٌ: see كَافُورٌ.

كَفْرَةٌ: see كَافِرٌ.

كُفَرَّى, and its variations: see كَافُورٌ.

كَفُورٌ: see كافر.

كَفَّارٌ: see كافر.

كَفَّارَةٌ a subst. from تَكْفِيرُ اليَمِينِ, (S,) or an intensive epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates; signifying [An expiation for a sin or crime or a violated oath;] an action, or a quality, which has the effect of effacing a wrong action or sin or crime; (TA;) that which covers, or conceals, sins or crimes; such as the كفّارة of oaths [violated], and that of [the kind of divorce termed] ظِهَار, and of unintentional homicide; (T, TA;) an expiation (مَا كُفِّرَ بِهِ), such as an alms-giving, and a fasting, and the like: (K:) pl. كَفَّارَاتٌ. (T, TA.) كَافِرٌ A sower: (S, K:) or a tiller of the ground: (Msb:) because he covers over the seed with earth: (S, Msb: *) pl. كُفَّارٌ. (S, TA.) The pl. is said by some to be thus used in the Kur lvii. 19. (TA.) b2: Dark clouds, or a dark cloud; (K;) because it conceals what is beneath it. (TA.) b3: Night: (K:) or intensely black night; because it conceals everything by its darkness. (S.) b4: The darkness; (K;) because it covers what is beneath it; (TA;) as also ↓ كَفْرَةٌ, accord. to the copies of the K; but in the L, كَفْرٌ, q. v. (TA.) b5: The sea; (S, A, K;) for the same reason. (TA.) Thaalabeh Ibn-So'eyr El-Mazinee says, (S, TA,) describing a male and a female ostrich and their returning to their eggs at sunset, (TA,) فَتَذَكَّرَا ثَقَلًا رَثِيدًا بَعْدَمَا

أَلْقَتْ ذُكَآءُ يَمِينَهَا فِى كَافِرِ [And they remembered goods placed side by side, after the sun had cast its right side into a sea]; i. e., the sun had begun to set: or the poet may mean [by كافر] night: (S, TA:) but Sgh says, that the right reading is تَذَكَّرَتْ; the pronoun referring to the female ostrich. (TA.) b6: Also, A great river: (S, K:) used in this sense by El-Mutalemmis: (S:) and a great valley. (K.) b7: [A man] staying, or abiding, [in a place,] and hiding himself. (TA.) [See an ex. voce عَرْشٌ.] b8: [A man] wearing arms; covered with arms: (Az, K:) as also ↓ مُكَفِّرٌ (A, K) and ↓ مُتَكَفِّرٌ (S, A) and ↓ مُكَفَّرٌ: (A:) or this last signifies bound fast in iron; (K, TA;) as though covered and concealed by it: (TA:) pl. of the first, كُفَّارٌ. (K.) Hence the following, (K,) said by Mohammad during the pilgrimage of valediction, (TA,) لَا تَرْجِعُوا بِعْدِى كُفَّارًا يَضْرِبُ بَعْضُكُمْ رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ (K) [Do not ye become again, after me, i. e., after my death,] wearers of arms, preparing yourselves for fight, [one party of you smiting the necks of others;] as though he meant thereby to forbid war: (AM, TA:) or [do not ye become unbelievers, after me, &c.; i. e.,] do not ye call people unbelievers, and so become unbelievers [yourselves]. (AM, K, TA.) b9: A coat of mail; (Sgh, K;) because it conceals what is beneath it. (TA.) b10: One who has covered his coat of mail with a garment worn over it. (S.) b11: كَافِرُ الدُّرُوعِ A garment that is worn over the coat of mail. (A.) A2: One who denies, or disacknowledges, the favours or benefits of God: (K:) [ungrateful; unthankful; especially to God:] one who denies, or disacknowledges, the unity [of God], and the prophetic office [of Mohammad and others], and the law of God, altogether, accord. to the common conventional acceptation: a disbeliever; an unbeliever; an infidel; a miscreant; contr. of مُؤْمِنٌ: (El- Basáïr:) because he conceals the favours of God: (S:) or because his heart is covered; as though it were of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: (IDrd, TA:) or because كُفْر covers his heart altogether: (Lth, TA:) i. e. having a covering to his heart: or because, when God invites him to acknowledge his unity, He invites him to accept his favours; and when he refuses to do so, he covers the favour of God, excluding it from him: (Az, TA:) fem. with ة: (S, Msb, K:) pl. masc.

كَفَرَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the most common pl. of كافر in the first of the senses explained above, (El-Basáïr,) and كُفَّارٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the most common pl. of the same in the last of those senses, as contr. of مؤمن, (El-Basáïr,) and كِفَارٌ (S, K) and كَافِرُونَ: (Msb:) and pl. fem.

كَوَافِرُ (S, Msb, K) and كَافِرَاتٌ: (Msb:) and ↓ رَجُلٌ كَفَّارٌ, and ↓ كَفُورٌ signify the same as كَافِرٌ: (K:) or كَفُورٌ is an intensive epithet, meaning very ungrateful, or unthankful, [&c., especially to God]: so in the Kur xxii. 65, and xliii. 14: and كَفَّارٌ has a more intensive signification than كَفُورٌ, [meaning habitually ungrateful, &c.:] os in the Kur ا 23: but sometimes it is used in the sense of كَفُورٌ; as in the Kur xiv. 37: (ElBasáïr:) ↓ كَفُورٌ is fem. as well as masc.; (TA;) and its pl. is كُفُرٌ, (K, * TA,) also both masc. and fem.; and it has no unbroken pl. (TA.) b2: Also, simply, Denying, or disacknowledging; a denier, or disacknowledger: followed byبِ before the thing denied: pl. كَافِرُونَ: (S, TA;) so in the Kur ii. 38, (TA,) and xxviii. 48. (S, TA.) b3: [Also, Blaspheming; a blasphemer.]

A3: See also كَافُورٌ.

كَافُورٌ The spathe, or envelope of the طَلْع [or spadix], (As, S, K, TA,) or upper covering thereof, (TA,) of a palm-tree; (As, S, K, TA;) the كِمّ of a palm-tree: (Mgh, Msb:) as also ↓ كُفَرَّى, (S, Mgh, Msb,) with damm to the ك and fet-h to the ف and teshdeed to the ر, (Mgh, Msb,) or كُفُرَّى, [so in the copies of the K, and so I have found it written in other works, so that both forms appear to be correct,] and كَفَرَّى and كِفِرَّى, (K, * TA,) and ↓ كَافِرٌ (AHn, K) and ↓ كَفَرٌ: (K:) so called because it conceals what is within it: (Mgh, Msb:) or, accord. to AA and Fr, the طَلْع [by which they probably mean the spathe, for, as is said in the Mgh, it is applied by some to the كِمّ (or spathe) before it bursts open]: (S:) [↓ كفرّى is sometimes masc., though more properly and commonly fem.:] IAar says, I heard Umm-Rabáh say.

هٰذِهِ كفرّى and هٰذَا كفّرى: (TA:) the pl. of كَافُورٌ is كَوَافِيرُ; and the pl. of كَافِرٌ is كَوَافِرُ. (TA.) b2: Also (tropical:) The زَمَع of the grape-vine; (K, TA;) i. e., the leaves which cover what is within them of the raceme; likened to the كافور of the طلع; (TA;) the كِمّ [or calyx] of the grapes, before the blossom comes forth; because they cover the unopened raceme; accord. to IF, as also ↓ كُفَرَّى: (Msb:) pl. كَوَافِيرُ and كَوَافِرُ, accord. to the K; but it is well known that the former is pl. of كافور, and the latter of كافر. (TA.) b3: And, accord. to some, (assumed tropical:) The envelope [or calyx] of any plant. (TA.) A2: [Camphor;] a kind of perfume, (S, K,) well known, from certain trees [the laurus camphora of Linn.] in the mountains of the sea of India and China, which afford shadow to many people or creatures, (K,) by reason of its greatness and its many spreading branches, (TA,) which leopards or panthers frequent, and the wood of which is white and easily broken; the كافور is found within it, and is of various kinds, in colour red, and becoming white only by تَصْعِيد [or sublimation]. (K.) A3: Accord. to the M, A mixture of perfume, composed of the spathe (كافور) of the spadix of the palm-tree. (TA.) A4: A certain spring, or fountain, in paradise. (Fr. K.) So in the Kur [lxxvi. 5,] إِنَّ الْأَبْرَارَ يَشْرَبُونَ مِنْ كَأْسٍ كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا كَافُورًا [Verily the pious shall drink a cup of wine whereof the mixture is Káfoor]. (Fr.) IDrd says, that it should be imperfectly decl., because it is a fem. [proper] name, determinate, of more than three letters; but it is made perfectly decl. for the conformity of the ends of the verses: Th says, that it is made perfectly decl. because it is used by way of comparison; and that if it were a [proper] name of the spring, or fountain, it would be imperfectly decl.: Th means, says ISd, whereof the mixture is like كافور [or camphor]: and Zj says, that it may mean that the taste of perfume and كافور is in it, or that it is mixed with كافور. (TA.) A5: A certain plant, (Lth, K,) [which I believe to he the same as the camphorata Monspeliensis, see my “ Thousand and One Nights, ”

ch. xxviii. note 6,] of sweet odour, (ISd, K,) the flower of which is (Lth, K) white, (Lth,) like the flower of the أُقْحُوَان [or camomile]. (Lth, K.) A6: IDrd says, I do not think the كافور is Arabic, because they sometimes say قَفُورٌ and قَافُورٌ. (TA.) أَكْفَرُ [More, or most, ungrateful or unthank-ful, especially to God; or disbelieving or unbelieving]. (TA.) تَكْفِيرٌ, as a subst., The crown of a king. (ISd, K.) مُكْفَّرٌ A bird covered with feathers. (A.) See also كَافِرٌ: and see مَكْفُورٌ.

A2: One who, though beneficent, is regarded, or treated, with ingratitude; (K;) a benefactor whose beneficence is not gratefully acknowledged. (A.) مُكَفِّرٌ: see كَافِرٌ.

رَمَادٌ مَكْفُورٌ Ashes upon which the wind has swept the dust so that it has covered them. (S.) See also مُكَفَّرٌ.

مُتَكَفِّرٌ: see كَافِرٌ.

كفل كفن كفى See Supplement

خرب

1 خَرِبَ, (JK, S, A, Msb, &c.,) aor. ـَ (JK, K,) inf. n. خَرَابٌ, (JK, S, * A, Mgh, * Msb, KL, TA,) said of a place, (S,) or a country, (A, Mgh, *) or a dwelling, or place of abode, (Msb,) or a house, (TK,) It was, or became, in a state of ruin, waste, uninhabited, depopulated, deserted, desolate, uncultivated, or in a state the contrary of flourishing: (JK, S, A, Mgh, KL, TA:) خَرَابٌ is the contr. of عِمَارَةٌ. (S.) b2: خَرِبَ, aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. خَرَبٌ, (S, Msb, K,) It had in it a slit, or a round perforation: (S:) or he had his ear slit, (Msb, K,) or bored with a round perforation. (Msb.) A2: خَرَبَ: see 4. b2: Also, (Msb, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. خِرَابَةٌ, (Msb,) He stole: (Msb:) or he became a thief, or robber. (K.) And خَرَبَ إِبِلَ فُلَانٍ, (S, A, *) or خَرَبَ بِإِبِلِ فُلَانٍ, (K,) both mentioned as on the authority of Lh, (TA,) aor. ـُ (S, A,) inf. n. خِرَابَةٌ (S, A, K) and خَرَابَةٌ and خَرْبٌ and خُرُوبٌ, (K,) He stole the camels of such a one. (S, K.) b3: خَرَبَهُ, (K,) aor. ـُ inf n. خَرْبٌ, (TA,) He bored it, perforated it, or made a hole through it: or he slit it: (K, TA:) namely, a thing. (TA.) b4: And He struck his خُرْبَةٌ, (K,) meaning the part where the head of his thigh-bone was inserted; or خربة here has some other of the significations assigned to it in this article. (TA.) 2 خَرَّبَ see 4, in four places.4 اخرب, (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِخْرَابٌ, (TA,) He reduced to ruin; or rendered waste, uninhabited, depopulated, deserted, desolate, uncultivated, or in a state the contrary of flourishing; (S, A, K;) a house, (S, K,) or a dwelling, or place of abode, (Msb,) or a country; (A;) as also ↓ خرّب, (A, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَخْرِيبٌ; (TA;) and ↓ خَرَبَ, (K,) [inf. n. خَرَابٌ, as in the Kur ii. 108:] or ↓ خرّب signifies the same, but in a more extensive, or a superlative or an intensive sense: you say, خَرَّبُوا بُيُوتَهُمْ [They ruined their houses; the ر being doubled because the verb has many objects: or they demolished their houses]. (S, TA.) بُيُوتَهُمْ ↓ يُخَرِّبُونَ, in the Kur [lix. 2], means They demolishing their houses: this is the reading of AA: all others read يُخْرِبُونَ بيوتهم, meaning they going forth from their houses, and leaving them; (TA;) or evacuating their houses; or leaving them in a state of ruin. (Bd.) b2: [Hence the saying,] الأَمَانَاتُ ↓ عِنْدَهُ تُخَرَّبُ (tropical:) [Deposits entrusted to him become lost, or perish]. (A.) 5 تخرّب It (a building) became demolished. (TA.) 10 استخرب It (a skin for water or milk) became perforated with many holes; became full of holes. (A, TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) He became broken by misfortune. (JK, K.) b3: اِسْتَخْرَبْتُ لِهٰذَا الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) I lamented for this event, or case. (JK.) b4: استخرب إِلَيْهِ (assumed tropical:) He was angry with him; or was angry with him with the anger that proceeds from a friend; (وَجَدَ عَلَيْهِ;) namely, one who had separated himself from him: (JK:) or he yearned towards, longed for, or desired, him. (K.) Q. Q. 1 نَخْرَبَ [in the CK, erroneously, تَخَرَّبَ,] It (the canker-worm) corroded a tree: (K, TA:) but accord. to some, this verb is [radically] quadriliteral, and as such it occurs again in the K [in art. نخرب]. (TA.) خَرْبٌ: see خُرْبَةٌ, in five places: A2: and see also خَرَبٌ.

خُرْبٌ: see خُرْبَةٌ, in seven places.

A2: Also The place where an elevated accumulation of sand terminates, (JK, S, * TA,) producing trees of the kind called غَضًا. (TA.) خَرَبٌ The male of the [species of bustard called]

حُبَارَى: (S, K:) or i. q. حُبَارَى, absolutely: (TA:) pl. خِرْبَانٌ. (S.) b2: And hence, (A,) or ↓ خَرِبٌ, (JK,) or ↓ خَرْبٌ, (TA,) and ↓ خِرِبَّانٌ, (K,) (tropical:) Cowardly; or a coward. (A, K, TA.) A2: See also خُرْبَةٌ, near the end of the paragraph.

خَرِبٌ (S, TA) and ↓ خَرَابٌ (A, Msb) In a state of ruin, waste, uninhabited, depopulated, deserted, desolate, uncultivated, or in a state the contrary of flourishing; (S, A, TA;) applied to a place, (S,) or a country, (A,) or a dwelling, or place of abode. (Msb.) You say دَارٌ خَرِبَةٌ A house which its owner has reduced to ruin, or rendered uninhabited, &c. (S, TA.) [In the phrase, هٰذَا جُحْرُ ضَبٍّ خَرِبٍ, meaning This is a deserted hole of a lizard of the kind called dabb, the word خرب is put in the gen. case عَلَى الجِوَارِ, i. e. because of its proximity to a preceding word in that case, not being so properly.] b2: [Hence,] هُوَ خَرِبُ العَظْمِ (tropical:) [He is without marrow in the bone]. (A, TA.) And خَرِبُ الأَمَانَةِ (tropical:) [One in whom trust is not safely reposed]. (A, TA.) b3: See also خَرَابٌ.

A2: And see خَرَبٌ.

خَرْبَةٌ see the next paragraph, in two places.

A2: See also خِرْبَةٌ.

خُرْبَةٌ A hole, perforation, or bore; (Msb, TA;) whether round or not: (TA:) or any round hole or perforation or bore; (S, K, TA;) such as that of the ear; (TA;) [and] so ↓ خُرْبٌ: (A:) pl. [of mult.] of the former (in this and in other senses here following, K, * TA) خُرَبٌ (Msb, K) and خُرُوبٌ, which latter is extr. [with respect to rule], and [of pauc.] أَخْرَابٌ [which is irregular as pl. of the former, but regular as pl. of the latter]. (K. [See also خُرْتٌ and خُرْتَةٌ.]) [Hence,] خُرْبَةٌ السِّنْدِىِّ The bore of the lobe of the ear, when not slit: [the Sindee being particularly noted by the Arabs for his pierced ears:] when slit, it is termed السِّنْدِىِّ ↓ خَرْبَةٌ. (TA.) b2: Width of the hole, or perforation, of the ear; (JK;) as also ↓ خَرْبٌ, (JK,) or ↓ خُرْبٌ, (A,) and ↓ أَخْرَبٌ, (K,) this last being a subst. like أَفْكَلٌ. (TA.) b3: The eye of a needle: [like خُرْتٌ and خُرْتَةٌ:] and the foramen of the anus: as also ↓ خُرْبٌ and ↓ خَرْبٌ and ↓ خَرَّابَةٌ and ↓ خُرَّابَةٌ and ↓ خُرَابَةٌ; (K, MF;) in both of these senses, though this is not clearly shown in the K: (MF:) and likewise, of the vagina; the dual of خُرْبَةٌ occurring in a trad., as some relate it, applied to the foramen of the anus and that of the vagina together: (TA:) and the last, ↓ خُرَابَةٌ, also signifies any perforation like the eye of a needle. (K.) b4: الخُرْبَةُ and ↓ الخُرْبُ and ↓ الخُرَابَةُ and ↓ الخُرَّابَةُ The hole [or socket] of the hip, (S, TA,) where the head of the thigh-bone is inserted; as also خُرْبَةُ الوَرِكِ and الورك ↓ خُرْبُ and ↓ خَرْبُ الورك and الورك ↓ خَرَابَةُ [or, probably, ↓ خُرَابَة] and الورك ↓ خُرَّابَةُ and الورك ↓ خَرَّابَةُ: and the pl., أَخْرَابٌ, also signifies the lower extremities of the shoulder-blades. (TA.) b5: And الخُرْبَةُ, (A 'Obeyd, S, Mgh, Msb, K,) or خُرْبَةُ المَزَادَة, (A,) and ↓ الخُرَّابَة, and sometimes ↓ الخُرَابَة without tesh-deed, (TA,) [and perhaps ↓ الخُرْبُ also, (see خُبْنٌ,)] The loop of the [leathern water-bag called] مَزَادَة; (A 'Obeyd, S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) because of its round form: every مزادة having two loops [whereby it is suspended upon either side of the camel], each of which is thus called; and two kidney-shaped pieces of leather (كُلْيَتَانِ) [at the two upper corners]; and the two loops are sewed to these. (TA. [See also خُرْتَةٌ.]) A2: A vice, or fault; (IAth, TA;) as also ↓ خَرَبَةٌ: (K:) and corruption, or unsoundness, in religion; (JK, K;) as also ↓ خَرَبَةٌ (JK, TA) and ↓ خَرْبَةٌ [like حَرْبَةٌ] (Mgh, * K) and ↓ خُرْبٌ and ↓ خَرْبٌ (K) and ↓ خَرَبٌ: and a quality inducing suspicion, or evil opinion: [a meaning app. belonging to all of the foregoing words:] (TA:) pl., of the first, خُرُبَاتٌ; and of the second, خَرَبَاتٌ: (JK:) also, the first (i. e. خُرْبَةٌ), a crime: a bad, an evil, or a foul, word or saying: and a trial, or an affliction. (TA.) You say, مَا فِيهِ خُرْبَةٌ There is not in him a vice, or fault. (TA.) And مَا رَأَيْنَا مِنْ فُلَانٍ

خُرْبَةً (JK, TA) and ↓ خَرْبًا, (TA,) or ↓ خَرَبَةً, (JK,) We have not seen in such a one unsoundness of religion nor anything disgraceful. (JK, TA.) b2: فَارٌّ بِخُرْبَةٍ, occurring in a trad., means One who flees with a thing desiring to appropriate it to himself and to take possession of it unlawfully. (TA.) خِرْبَةٌ: see خَرَابٌ, in three places.

A2: Also The state, or condition, or guise, of him who is termed خَارِبٌ: (K:) also explained as signifying a thing whereof one is ashamed: or as derived from [خَرَبَةٌ, meaning] “ contemptibleness, and disgrace, or ignominy: ” or it may be ↓ خَرْبَةٌ, meaning a single act [of a shamefal nature, or the like]. (Et-Tirmidhee, TA.) خَرَبَةٌ: see خُرْبَةٌ, in three places, near the end of the paragraph. b2: Also i. q. ذِلَّةٌ [Baseness, vileness, &c.]: (K, TA:) in one copy of the K, زَلَّةٌ [a slip, lapse, fault, &c.]: (TA:) and disgrace, or ignominy, and contemptibleness. (TA.) b3: And الخَرَبَةٌ signifies العَوْرَةُ [The part, or parts, of the person, which it is indecent to expose]. (K.) خَرِبَةٌ and its pls.: see خَرَابٌ, in five places.

خِرِبَّانٌ: see خَرَبٌ.

خَرَابٌ inf. n. of خَرِبَ in the first of the senses explained above. (JK, S, * A, &c. [See 1, first sentence.]) b2: [Then used as an epithet:] see خَرِبٌ. b3: [And then used as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates, as appears from what follows;] contr. of عُمْرَانٌ: (JK, A, K:) and ↓ خَرِبَةٌ signifies [the same; or] مَوْضِعُ خَرَابٍ; (A, K;) as also ↓ خِرْبَةٌ: (Lth, K:) [all may be rendered A ruin, or waste; a place, country, place of abode, or house, in a state of ruin, waste, uninhabited, depopulated, deserted, desolate, uncultivated, or in a state the contrary of flourishing:] the pl. of خَرَابٌ is أخْرِبَةٌ, (JK, K,) a pl. of pauc., (JK,) and خِرَبٌ, which latter is mentioned by El-Khattábee, (K,) as occurring in a trad. respecting the building of the mosque of El-Medeeneh: كَانَ فِيهِ نَخْلٌ وَقُبُورُ المُشْرِكِينَ وَخَرِبٌ فَأَمَرَ بِالخِرَبِ فَسُوِّيَتْ [There were in it palm-trees, and the graves of the believers in a plurality of gods, and ruins; and he gave orders respecting the ruins, and they were levelled]: but IAth says that خِرَبٌ may be pl. of ↓ خَرِبَةٌ, or of ↓ خِرْبَةٌ: or it may be ↓ خَرِبٌ [coll. gen. n.] of ↓ خَرِبَةٌ: and accord. to one reading of the trad., the word is حَرْثٌ, meaning “ a place ploughed for sowing: ” (TA:) [accord. to F,] the pl. of ↓ خِرْبَةٌ, also, is خِرَبٌ: and the pl. of ↓ خَرِبَةٌ is خَرِبٌ [mentioned above] and خَرَائِبُ [which is anomalous] and خَرِبَاتٌ. (K.) [Hence,] وَقَعُوا

↓ فِى وَادِى خَرِبَاتٍ [They fell into a valley of ruins, or waste places, &c.]: (A, TA:) i. e., into destruction: (TA:) [a prov., of which there are various readings: see جَذَبَات, in art. جذب.]

A2: [Also inf. n. of خَرَبَ as syn. with اخرب, q. v.]

خَرَابَةٌ: see خُرْبَةٌ.

خُرَابَةٌ: see خُرْبَةٌ, in five places.

خَرُّوبٌ (Az, S, Mgh, K) and ↓ خُرْنُوبٌ, (Az, S, K,) mentioned by Az as radically quadriliteral, (TA in art. خرنب,) and ↓ خَرْنُوبٌ, (Mgh, K,) but this last is of weak authority, (TA,) or not allowable, (S,) a coll. gen. n.; n. un. with ة; (TA;) A kind of tree, growing upon the mountains of Syria, having grains (حَبّ) like those of the يَنْبُوت [q. v.], called by the children of El-'Irák القِثَّآءُ الشَّامِىُّ, dry, or tough, and black: (Az, TA in art. خرنب:) a certain plant, (S, Mgh,) well known: (S:) said by some to be kind of tree [or plant] called خَشْخَاش [i. e. poppy]: (Mgh:) certain trees, of which there are two kinds, wild (بَرِّىٌّ), and Syrian (شَامِىٌّ): (AHn, K:) the former kind is also called يَنْبُوتَةٌ; (AHn;) and this is thorny, (AHn, K,) used as fuel, rising to the height of a cubit, having branches, (AHn,) with a fruit (AHn, K) black (أَحَمُّ) and light, like bubbles, (AHn, TA,) in the copies of the K كَالتُّفَّاحِ, but correctly كَالنُّفَاخِ, (TA,) disagreeable in taste, (AHn, K,) not eaten except in cases of difficulty, or distress; having grains (حَبّ) which are hard and lubricous: (AHn:) the Syrian kind [is that to which the name of خرّوب is now commonly applied, the carob, or locust-tree; ceratonia siliqua; the fruit of which] is sweet, and is eaten; having grains (حَبّ) like those of the يَنْبُوت, but larger; (AHn;) the fruit of this kind is like the خِيَار شَنْبَر [or cassia fistula], but wide; and from it are prepared an inspissated juice and [a kind of]

سَوِيق [or parched meal]. (AHn, K.) [Its grain is used as a weight: see قِيرَاطٌ and دِرْهَمٌ and دِينَارٌ.]

خَرَّابَةٌ: see خُرْبَةٌ, in two places.

خُرَّابَةٌ: see خُرْبَةٌ, in four places.

خُرْنُوبٌ and خَرْنُوبٌ: see خَرُّوبٌ.

خَارِبٌ A stealer of camels: (As, S, A:) and (by extension of its original meaning, TA) any thief, or robber: (JK, S:) dim. ↓ خُوَيْرِبٌ: (TA:) and pl. خُرَّابٌ, (S, A, TA,) or أَخْرَابٌ. (JK.) [See also خِرْبَةٌ.]

خُوَيْرِبٌ: see what next precedes.

أَخْرَبُ Slit: or having a round hole or perforation: (S:) [fem. خَرْبَآءُ; as in] أُذُنٌ خَرْبَآءُ An ear having the lobe slit. (K.) b2: A man, (S,) or a ram, (Msb,) having his ear slit; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ مُخَرَّبٌ and مُخَرَّمٌ; (TA;) from ↓ مَخْرُوبٌ signifying slit: (S:) and (so in the S and TA, but in the Msb “ or ” ) having his ear pierced, or bored: when it is slit (after the piercing, S, TA), he is said to be أَخْرَمُ: (S, Msb, TA: [but see this last in art. خرم:]) and أَخْرَبُ الأُذُنَيْنِ having the ears pierced, or bored: (AM, TA in art. خرت:) and خَرْبَآءُ a female slave having the lobe of her ear slit [or pierced, or bored]: and ↓ مُخَرَّبَةٌ a female slave having her ear [slit or] pierced, or bored: (TA:) and خَرْبَآءُ a she-goat having her ear slit, but so that the slit is not long nor wide. (K.) A2: أَخْرَبٌ: see خُرْبَةٌ.

خَلِيَّةٌ مُخْرِبَةٌ An empty bee-hive, (K,) in which honey has not been collected. (TA.) مُخَرَّبٌ, and its fem. (with ة): see أَخْرَبُ.

مَخْرُوبٌ: see أَخْرَبُ.

نُخْرُوبٌ sing. of نَخَارِيبُ, (TA,) which latter signifies Holes like those of hornets' nests: and the holes, or cells, (prepared with wax, K in art. نخرب,) in which the bees deposit their honey. (K, TA. [In the CK, erroneously, تخاريب.]) Accord. to some, the ن is a radical letter. (TA.)

مر

أ1 مَرُؤَ الطَّعَامُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. مَرَآءَةٌ, epithet مَرِىْءٌ; and مَرِئَ, (S, K,) and مَرَأَ, aor. ـَ (K;) and ↓ استمرأ; (TA;) The food was, or became, wholesome, or approved in its result: (Z:) or easy to swallow, and wholesome, or approved in its result: (K:) or easy to swallow, not attended by trouble: or quick in digesting. (Z.) It is said in the Keshsháf, on ch. iv., v. 3, of the Kur, that هَنِىْءٌ and مَرِىْءٌ are two epithets from هَنَأَ الطَّعَامُ and مَرَأَ, “the food was easy to swallow; not attended by trouble:” or the former epithet signifies “ pleasant, or productive of enjoyment, to the eater; ” and the latter, “wholesome, or approved in its result: ” or the former, food or drink that is “ not succeeded by harm, even after its digestion;” and the latter, that which is “ quick in digesting. ” (TA.) In conjunction with هَنَأَنِى, one says مَرَأَنِى (هنأنى الطَّعَامُ ومرأنى), (Fr. S, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. مَرْءٌ; (Akh, S;) and in conjunction with هَنِئَنِى, مَرِئَنِى; (TA [also mentioned in the S, on the authority of Akh];) and alone, (i. e. not in conjunction with هنأنى or هنئنى,) ↓ أَمْرَأَنِى, (Fr, S, K,) inf. n. إِمْرَآءٌ, (Az,) [It (food) was wholesome to me, &c. (see above):] it was light to my stomach, and descended thence well. (TA.) But مَرَأَنِى also occurs in this sense without هَنَأَنِى. (TA.) b2: مَرِئَ الطَّعَامَ, and ↓ استمرأهُ, [He found the food wholesome, &c.] (S.) (See above.]

الطَّعَامَ ↓ استمرأ, signifies عَدَّهُ مَرِيْئًا. (MA.) b3: مَرَأَ, aor. ـَ He fed; or ate food. (K.) Ex.

مَا لَكَ لَا تَمْرَأُ What aileth thee, that thou dost not eat? (TA.) b4: مَرُؤَتِ الأَرْضُ, inf. n. مَرَاءَةٌ, The land was, or became salubrious, in its air. (K.) b5: مَرُؤَ, aor. ـُ (Az, S, K,) inf. n. مُرُوْءَةٌ, (K,) epithet مَرِىْءٌ, (S, K,) He was, or became, possessed of مُرُوْءَة; (Az, S, K;) sometimes written and pronounced مُرُوَّة; (S;) i. e., manliness; (S, K;) manly perfection; (TA;) consisting in abstinence from things unlawful, or in chastity of manners, and the having some art or trade; (El-Ahnaf;) or in abstaining from doing secretly what one would be ashamed to do openly; (TA;) or in the habit of doing what is approved, and shunning what is held base; (El-Khafájee;) or in preserving the soul from filthy actions, and what disgraces in the estimation of men; or in good manners, and guarding the tongue, and shunning impudence; (TA;) or in a quality of the mind by preserving which a man is made to persevere in good manners and habits: (Msb:) [in a word, virtue; or rather manly virtue or moral goodness.]

A2: مَرَأَ Inivit feminam. (K.) b2: مَرِئَ He became like a woman, in external appearance, or in talk. (K.) 4 هٰذَا يُمْرِئُ الطَّعَامَ [This makes the food wholesome, &c.] (Az.) (See مَرُؤَ.) 5 تمرّأ He affected, or endeavoured to acquire, (تَكَلَّفَ,) manliness, مُرُوْءَة: (Az, S, K:) accord. to some, he became possessed of that quality. (TA.) b2: تمرّأ بِهِمْ He sought to acquire the character of manliness (مُرُوْءَة) by disparaging them and vituperating them. (ISk, S, K.) b3: لَا يَتَمَرَّأْ أَحَدُكُمْ بِالدُّنْيَا (a trad.) [app., Let not any one of you delight himself in the present world]: but accord. to one relation, it is لَا يَتَمَرْأَى, from الرُّؤْيَةُ: [see art. رأى]. (TA.) [See also تَهَنَّأَ.]10 إِسْتَمْرَاَ see 1.

مَرْءٌ and ↓ مُرْءٌ (S, K) and ↓ مِرْءٌ (K) A man, or human being; syn. إِنْسَانٌ: (K:) or a man as opposed to a child or a woman; syn. رَجُلٌ. (S, K.) You say مَرْءٌ in the nom., مَرْءًا in the acc., and مَرْءٍ in the gen., (S,) agreeably with analogy. (TA.) And some say مُرْءٌ in the nom., مَرْءًا in the acc., and مِرْءٍ in the gen.; doubly declining the word. (TA, and some copies of the S.) And ↓ مِرْء is said to be of the dial. of Hudheyl. It is said that no pl. is formed from مرء; but مَرْؤُونَ occurs as its pl. in the following words of a trad.; أَحْسِنُوا أَمْلَاءَكُمْ أَيُّهَا المُرْؤُونَ [Amend your manners, O ye men!]; and in the saying of Ru-beh, أَيْنَ يُرِيدُ المرؤون [Whither do the men desire to go?]. (TA.) It forms a dual; مَرْآنِ: CCC they say هُمَا مِرْآنِ صَالِحَانِ [They are two just men] (S) in the dial. of Hudheyl. (TA.) It also forms a dim., مُرَىْءٌ, fem. مُرَيْئَةٌ. (S.) b2: The fem. of مَرْءٌ is مَرْأَةٌ, A woman: [and a wife:] also written and pronounced مَرَةٌ. (S, K.) b3: مرء is also written with the conjunctive ا: you say امْرَأٌ in the nom., امْرَأً in the acc., and امْرَأٍ in the gen.: also, امْرُؤٌ in the nom., امْرُؤًا in the acc., and امْرُؤٍ in the gen.: also, امْرُؤٌ in the nom., امْرَأً in the acc., and امْرِئٍ in the gen.; doubly declining the word. (S, K, TA.) [The last three forms are the most common in classical works: but in ordinary parlance, in the present day, the word is generally pronounced with fet-h to the ر in each case. The final ء is also often written without the ا or و or ى.] Ks and Fr say, that the word is doubly declined, as to the ر and ء, because the final ء is often omitted. (T, TA.) [When the disjunctive ا is substituted for the conjunctive, i. e., when the word is immediately preceded by a quiescence, its vowel is kesr: thus you say اِمْرَأٌ &c.; and thus also in the fem. The name of the famous poet اِمْرَأُ القَيْسِ CCC is commonly pronounced Imra-el- Keys and Imr-el-Keys.] b4: The fem. is امْرَأَةٌ, A woman: [and a wife:] but with ال you say المَرْأَةُ: الاِمْرَأَةُ [which is authorized by the K] is also said to be established by usage; but most of the expositors of the Fs reject this; and those who allow it to be correct judge it of weak authority: IO mentions also امْرَاةٌ, with soft ا after the ر. (TA.) b5: امْرَءٌ is also used in a fem. sense; (S;) though this is extr.: ex. إِنَّهَا لَامْرَءَ صِدْق [Verily she is an excellent woman: see صِدْقٌ]. (TA.) And امْرَأَةٌ is used, in a trad., as signifying a perfect woman: لَقَدْ تَزَوَّجْتَ امْرَأَةً

Indeed thou hast married a perfect woman: like as you say فُلَانٌ رَجُلٌ, meaning “ Such a one is a perfect man. ” (TA.) b6: Also, اِمْرَأٌ or امْرُؤٌ, (S,) or مَرْءٌ, (K,) signifies A wolf: (S, K:) or, as Z and others assert, it is tropical in this sense. Yoo says, that the poet means, by امرؤ, in the following verse, a wolf: وَأَنْتَ امْرُؤٌ تَعْدُو عَلَى كُلِّ غِرَّةٍ

فَتُخْطِئُ فِيهَا مَرَّةً وَتُصِيبُ [And thou art a wolf that assaultest on every occasion of carelessness; and sometimes thou missest therein, and (sometimes) thou attainest thine object]. (TA.) b7: The rel. n. of امْرَءٌ is مَرَئِىٌّ (as in one copy of the S) or مُرَئِىٌّ (as in another copy) and أَمَرِىٌّ. (S, and El-Ashmoonee and others.) [For the last, Golius, from a copy of the S, gives اِمْرَئِىٌّ: and in one copy of the S, I find it written أَمْرَئِىٌّ: but I have not met with any confirmation of either of these two forms.]

مَرَئِىٌّ seems to be formed from مَرْءٌ; but is extr.; the analogous form being مَرْئِىٌّ. (TA.) مَرَأٌ A giving of food on the occasion of building a house, or marrying. (TA.) مَرِىْءٌ [The œsophagus, or gullet of a slaughtered camel, or sheep or goat, (S,) and of a man, (Zj, in his Khalk el-Insán,) the canal through which the food and drink pass; (S, K;) the head of the stomach; (K;) contiguous, (S,) or adherent (K) to the حُلْقُوم [or windpipe]; (S, K;) through which the food and drink pass, and by which they enter: (TA;) pl. [of pauc.] أَمْرِئَةٌ (K) and [of mult.] مُرُؤٌ. (S, K.) It is also written مَرِىٌّ. (TA.) b2: يَأْتِينا فِى مِثْلِ مَرِىْءِ النَّعَامِ [It comes to us as it were through the gullet of the ostrich]: a proverbial expression, from a trad., alluding to paucity of food; the ostrich being particularized because of the slenderness of its neck, whence is inferred the narrowness of its gullet. (TA.) b3: Wholesome, &c. (See مَرُؤَ.) b4: هَنِيْئًا مَرِيْئًا: see art. هنأ and see 1 in the present art. b5: غَيْثٌ مَرِىْءٌ [A rain productive of good result]. (TA.) b6: كَلَأٌ مَرِىْءٌ Wholesome herbage. (K.) b7: أَرْضٌ مَرِيْئَةٌ A land salubrious in its air. (K.) b8: مَرِىْءٌ Manly, &c. (See مَرُؤَ.) مَرَآءَةٌ: see مَرُؤَ.

مُرُوْءَةٌ and مُرُوَّةٌ: see مَرُؤَ امْرَأٌ and امْرَأَةٌ &c: see مَرْءٌ.

مُمْرِئٌ act. part. n. of 4, Wholesome food. (S.) [See 4, and مَرِىءٌ.]

نجز

1 نَجِزَ, aor. ـَ (S, K,) inf. n. نَجَزٌ; (S;) and نَجَزَ, aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. نَجْزٌ; (TK;) It (a thing, S, TA,) came to an end; came to nought; perished, passed away: (S, K, TA:) in these senses, the former is the more chaste, and has been so generally used that the latter has been said to be not allowable; but both have been heard. (TA.) It (a speech or discourse) finished, (K, TA,) and became complete. (TA.) He (a man) died: (S:) occurring in a verse of En-Nábighah Edh-Dhubyánee: as related by J, نَجِزَ; but as related by A 'Obeyd, نَجَزَ. (TA.) A2: نَجَزَ الوَعْدُ, (A, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb, K,) inf. n. نَجْزٌ; (Msb;) and نَجِزَ, aor. ـَ (K;) inf. n. نَجَزٌ; (TK;) The promise came to pass, and was accomplished: (A, Mgh:) or the promise was prompt, or quick, in taking effect: (Msb:) or the thing promised (TK) came, arrived, or became present: (K, TA:) in this sense, the former is the more chaste; but both have been heard. (TA.) A3: نَجَزَ is also trans.: see 4, in four places.2 نَجَّزَ see 4.3 ناجزهُ, (Mgh,) or ناجزهُ القِتَالَ, (A,) inf. n. مُنَاجَزَةٌ, (S, A, Mgh, K,) He fought him: (K:) or he went, or came, out, or forth, in the field, to fight him, (S, Mgh, Msb,) and fought him: (S, Mgh:) or he (a horseman) went, or came, out, or forth, into the field, to fight him, (another horseman,) and they strove together until each of them slew the other, or until one of them was slain: (TA:) and ↓ تَنَاجُزٌ signifies the same as مُنَاجَزَةٌ: (K:) you say, تَنَاجَزَ القَوْمُ, meaning, The people contended together in the mutual shedding of blood; as though they hastened in doing so. (TA.) [Hence the saying,] إِنْ رُمْتَ المُحَاجَزَهْ فَقَبْلَ المُنَاجَزَهْ [If thou desire the reciprocal prevention of fighting, and the making of peace, let it be before fighting]: (A:) or المُحَاجَزَهْ قَبْلَ المُنَاجَزَهْ (S, K) [the reciprocal prevention of fighting, and] the making of peace, [should be] before the striving together, (المُعَالَجَة, as in the CK,) or hastening, (المُعَالَجَة, as in some copies of the K and in the TA, and, accord. to the latter, المُسَارَعَة,) in fighting: (K, TA:) a proverb: (S, TA:) relating to the prudence of him who hastens to flee from him whom he has not power to withstand: (K:) or applied to him who seeks peace after fighting. (A 'Obeyd, K.) b2: Also, He contended with him in an altercation; disputed with him; litigated with him. (TA.) 4 انجز حَاجَتَهُ, (K,) inf. n. إِنْجَازٌ; (TA;) and ↓ نَجَزَهَا, (ISk, S, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. نَجْزٌ (ISk, S) and نَجَازٌ, or this is a subst. in the sense of إِنْجَازٌ, like عَطَآءٌ in that of إِعْطَآءٌ; (Har, p. 326;) He accomplished his want: (ISk, S, K:) and حَاجَتَهُ ↓ نَجَّزْتُهُ I accomplished for him his want. (A.) b2: انجز الوَعْدَ, (A, Mgh, CK,) and ↓ نَجَزَهُ, (S,) He fulfilled, or performed, the promise: (S, * A, * Mgh, CK:) or he made the promise to be prompt, or quick, in taking effect. (Msb.) Yousay also, انجز عَلَىَّ المَوْعِدَ He fulfilled to me the promise; (K, accord. to the TA;) as also ↓ نَجَزَ بِهِ: (TA:) and بِهِ ↓ نَجَزْتُهُ I made it to be prompt, or quick in taking effect to him. (Msb.) [Hence the saying,] أَنْجَزَ حُرٌّ مَا وَعَدَ (S, K) An ingenuous man fulfils what he promises: a proverb: (TA:) alluding to the fulfilment of a promise: and sometimes, to the asking, or demanding, the fulfilment thereof: El-Hárith the son of 'Amr said to Sakhr the son of Nahshal, “ Shall I guide thee to booty and one fifth of it be for me? ” and he answered, “Yes: ” so he guided him to some people from El-Yemen, and Sakhr made a sudden attack upon them, and engaged with them in conflict, and overcame, and obtained booty; and when he turned back, El-Hárith said to him the above words, and Sakhr fulfilled his promise to him. (K.) b3: انجز عَلَى القَتِيلِ He hastened and completed, or made certain, the slaughter of the slain man; i. q. أَجْهَزَ عَلَيْهِ. (Abu-l-Mikdám Es-Sulamee and K.) 5 تَنَجَّزَ see 10, in five places.6 تَنَاْجَزَ see 3.10 استنجز حَاجَتَهُ, and ↓ تنجّزها, He sought, or asked, or demanded, the accomplishment of his want, from him who had promised him; (Msb;) syn. إِسْتَنْجَحَهَا. (S, K.) And استنجز الوَعْدَ, and ↓ تنجّزها, (Mgh,) or العِدَةَ, (K,) He sought, or asked, or demanded, the fulfilment of the promise: (Mgh, K:) and العِدَةَ ↓ تنجّزهُ he asked of him the fulfilment of the promise. (TA.) Hence, البَرَاآتِ ↓ تَنَجُّزُ The demanding and receiving of immunities. (Mgh.) You say also, إِسْتَنْجَزْتُ مِنْهُ كِتَابًا, and تَنَجَّزْتُهُ, [app. meaning, I sought, or asked, or demanded, of him the finishing, or completion, of a writing, or letter, or book.] (A.) نَجْزٌ and ↓ نُجْزٌ are syn. You say, أَنْتَ عَلَى

نَجْزِ حَاجَتِكَ, and حَاجَتِكَ ↓ نُجْزِ, Thou art on the point of accomplishing thy want. (S, K.) نُجْزٌ: see نَجْزٌ.

نَجِيزٌ: see نَاجِزٌ, in three places.

نَجِيزَةٌ A recompense. You say, لَأُنْجِزَنَّ نَجِيزَتَكَ I will assuredly pay thy recompense. (TA.) نَاجِزٌ Coming to an end; coming to nought; perishing; passing away. (TA.) b2: [Complete: accomplished.] b3: A promise that has been fulfilled; as also ↓ نَجِيزٌ: (TA:) or that has come to pass, and is accomplished. (A, Mgh.) b4: Present; ready; (S, Msb, K, TA;) as also ↓ نَجِيزٌ: (K:) and ↓ both, promptly, or quickly, done, or given. (TA.) You say, بِعْتُهُ نَاجِزًا بِنَاجِزٍ (S, A, Mgh, Msb) [I sold it, or I sold to him,] present, or ready, [merchandise,] for present, or ready, [money,] (TA,) like يَدًا بِيَدٍ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb,) i. e., تَعْجِيلًا بِتَعْــجِيلٍ. (S.) And لَا يُبَاعُ غَائِبٌ بِنَاجِزٍ, meaning, A debt to be paid at a future time shall not be sold for ready money. (Mgh.) And نَاجِزٌ بِنَاجِزٍ is a proverb, [meaning Ready merchandise with ready money,] like يَدٌ بِيَدٍ, and عَاجِلٌ بِعَاجِلٍ. (TA.) It is said in a trad., بِيعُوا حَاضِرًا بِنَاجِزٍ [Sell ye present merchandise for ready money]. (S.) And a poet ('Abeed Ibn-El-Abras, TA, art. كلأ,) says, وَإِذَا تُبَاشِرُكَ الهُمُو مُ فَإِنَّهَا كَالٍ وَنَاجِزْ (S, TA, ubi supra;) [And when griefs attend thee, know that] they are, some, debts to be payed at future periods, and some, payments in ready money. (TA, ubi supra.) The saying [of 'Abd-Allah Ibn-'Ámir El-Kurashee, owner of a horse named Esh-Shamoos, (TA, art. شمس,)]

جَرْىَ الشَّمُوسِ نَاجِزًا بِنَاجِزِ [app. meaning, Quickly as the running of EshShamoos; ready with ready, or prompt with prompt;] is explained by IAar, as meaning, Thou hast given an evil recompense and I have recompensed thee in like manner: or, as he says in one place, this is said when one does a thing and thou dost the like thereof; he not being able to go beyond thee in word or in deed. (TA.) [Respecting this saying, Freytag says, in his Arab. Prov., i. 305, (where, for نَاجِزًا we find نَاجِزٌ,) that it applies to him who is equal to the execution of the things which he undertakes, as well good as bad: and that جَرَى is to be supplied before جَرْىَ.]

نشط

1 نَشِطَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. نَشَاطٌ (S, Msb, K) and مَنْشَطٌ, (TA,) He (a man, S, TA, and a beast of carriage, TA,) was, or became, brisk, lively, sprightly, frisky, active, agile, prompt, and quick; syn. خَفَّ, (Msb, TA,) and أَسْرَعَ; (Msb;) contr. of كَسِلَ; (TA;) or pleased, cheerful, happy, or willing; to do work, &c.; (Lth, K;) or by reason of his work; (Msb;) as also ↓ تنشّط, (S, * K,) لِأَمْرِ كَذَا [to do, or on account of, such a thing, or such an affair]. (S, TA.) You say also, نَشِطَ إِلَيْهِ [He betook himself to him, or it, with briskness, liveliness, sprightliness, or the like]. (TA.) b2: [Hence, app.,] نَشِطَتِ الدَّابَّةُ The beast of carriage became fat. (K.) A2: نَشَطَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. نَشْطٌ, (S, K, TA,) He went forth from a place: (K:) he passed, or crossed, from one country or the like to another: (TA:) said, for instance, of a wild bull: (AO, IDrd, S, K:) and in like manner, a star, [meaning a planet,] from one sign of the zodiac to another. (S, K.) And نَشَطَتِ الإِبِلُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. نَشْطٌ, The camels went, either in a right direction or otherwise. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] الهُمُومُ تَنْشِطُ بِصَاحِبِهَا (S, TA) (assumed tropical:) Griefs, or disquietudes of mind, lead forth him who has them [from place to place]. (TA.) Himyán Ibn-Koháfeh says, أَمْسَتَ هُمُومِى تَنْشِطُ المَنَاشِطَا

أَلشَّأْمَ بِى طَوْرًا وَطَوْرًا وَاسِطَا [meaning تنشط بى الى المناشط, i. e., (assumed tropical:) My griefs, or disquietudes of mind, became such as to lead me forth to the places to which one goes forth, to Syria at one time, and at one time to Wásit]. (S.) You say also of a road, يَنْشِطُ مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ الأَعْظَمِ (tropical:) It goes forth from the main road, to the right, and to the left. (Lth, K. *) And نَشطَ بِهِمْ طَرِيقٌ فَأَخَذُوهُ (tropical:) [A road led them forth, and they took it]. (TA.) A3: نَشَطَ الدَّلْوَ, (S, K,) aor. ـِ (K, * TA) and نَشُطَ, (TA,) [inf. n. نَشْطٌ,] He pulled out the bucket, (S, K,) or pulled it up, (TA,) from the well, (S, TA,) without a pulley. (S, K.) b2: And hence, المَلَائِكَةُ تَنْشِطُ الأَرْوَاحَ (assumed tropical:) The angels draw forth the souls like as the bucket is drawn forth from the well: (Zj:) and تَنْشِطُ نَفْسَ المُؤْمِنِ بِقَبْضِهَا (Fr, L, K [in the CK تَقْبِضُها]) which means, (K,) accord. to Ibn-'Aráfeh, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) they loose the soul of the believer gently. (K, TA.) b3: [Hence also,] one says of a she-camel, [likening the motion of her fore legs to that of the arms of a man pulling up a bucket from a well without a pulley,] حَسُنَ مَا نَشَطَتِ السَّيْرَ, meaning (assumed tropical:) Good was her wide stretching out of her fore legs (As, S, TA) in her going along. (TA.) A4: نَشَطَ الحَبْلَ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (K, and so in a copy of the S,) or ـِ (Msb, and so in a copy of the S,) inf. n. نَشْطٌ, (S, Msb,) He tied the cord, or rope so as to form a knot; (K, TA;) as also ↓ نشَّطهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَنْشِيطٌ: (TA:) or he tied it in a knot such as is termed أُنْشُوطَة; (Az, S, Msb;) as also ↓ the latter verb: (Ham, p. 742:) and نَشَطَ العُقْدَةَ he tied the knot so as to form what is thus termed: (Mgh:) and نَشَطَ الأُنْشُوطَةَ he tied the knot thus termed. (TA.) [See also 4.]

A5: نَشَطَ, and نُشِطَ مِنْ عِقَالٍ: see 4.2 نشّطهُ, inf. n. َتَنْشِيطٌ, He, or it, rendered him نَشِيط [i. e. brisk, lively, sprightly, frisky, &c.]; (K;) as also ↓ انشطهُ. (Yaakoob, K.) A2: See also 1, last sentence but one, in two places; and see 4.4 انشط, said of a man, (K, * TA,) or of a company of men, (S,) His, or their, beasts, (S, K,) or family, (K,) were, or became, in a state of نَشَاط [i. e. briskness, liveliness, sprightliness, friskiness, &c.: see 1]. (S, K.) A2: As a trans. v.: see 2. b2: [Hence, app.,] It (herbage) rendered a beast fat. (S, TA.) A3: He loosed, untied, or undid, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) a cord, or rope, (S, K,) or a knot such as is termed أُنْشُوطَة; (Mgh, Msb,) as also ↓ انتشط; and ↓ نَشَطَ; (Mgh;) and in like manner, the bond termed عِقَال; (Msb;) and so, perhaps, ↓ نشّط: (Ham, p. 165:) he pulled a cord, or rope, until, or so that, it became loosed, untied, or undone; (TA;) as also ↓ انتشط: (S, K, TA,) he caused the عِقَال to become loosed, untied, or undone, by pulling its انشوطة: (K, * TA:) he loosed, untied, or undid, a knot by a single pull. (TA.) You say also, انشط البَعِيرَ He loosed, untied, or undid, the انشوطة [of the عِقَال] of the camel. (TA.) And انشط البَعِيرَ مِنْ عِقَالِهِ He loosed the camel from his عِقَال. (Msb.) [And hence the saying,] كَأَنَّمَا أُنْشِطَ مِنْ عِقَالٍ As though he were loosed [from a bond such as is called عِقَال]: (S, * Mgh, TA:) a proverb, relating to an event's happening quickly; (Mgh;) or said of him who commences any work quickly; and of the sick when he recovers; and of a person who has swooned when he revives; and of a person sent to execute an affair, hastening his determination respecting it: (TA:) it is often related in a different manner, كانّما نُشِطَ من عقال; but this is not correct. (IAth, TA.) [But see above, in this paragraph; and see 1, where a similar meaning is assigned to the unaugmented verb.]

A4: He bound, or tied, him, or it, firmly, fastly, or strongly: so in the copies of the K; so that, if this be correct, the verb has two contr. significations. (TA.) A5: See also 8.5 تَنَشَّطَ see 1, first sentence. b2: تنشّطت فِى سَيْرِهَا She (a camel) hastened, or was quick, in her going, or pace. (S, K.) A2: تنشّط المَفَازَةَ (tropical:) He passed through, or over, the desert, (K, TA,) with swiftness, and with briskness, liveliness, sprightliness, or activity. (TA.) And تنشّطهُ (assumed tropical:) He traversed it quickly, or swiftly. (IB, in TA, voce هِرْجَابٌ.) And تنشّطت الأَرْضَ (assumed tropical:) She (a camel) traversed, or crossed, the land, like the نَاشِط in her quickness, or her aim, with briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness. (TA.) 8 انتشط It (a cord, or rope,) became loosed, untied, or undone. (Har, p. 361.) b2: (assumed tropical:) He (a man) became loosed from the tie of silence, (Har, p. 360.; Mgh,) and from that of impotence. (Mgh [in which a doubt is expressed as to its being of classical authority].) A2: As a trans. v.: see 4, in two places. b2: He pulled, or drew, a thing. (TA.) b3: He seized a thing, took it hastily, or snatched it unawares: a meaning wrongly assigned in the K to ↓ انشط. (TA.) You say also, انتشط المَالُ المَرْعَى, (Sh, K,) and الكَلَأَ, (Sh,) The camels, or sheep or goats, pulled up, or out, the herbage, with the teeth. (Sh, K.) b4: He scaled a fish; (K;) as though meaning he pulled off the scales thereof. (TA.) نُشُطٌ [app. a pl. of ↓ نَاشِطٌ] Persons untwisting cords, or ropes, in the time of undoing them for the purpose of their being twisted or plaited a second time. (IAar, K.) نَشْطَةٌ as used in the following saying, (Mgh,) الشُّفْعَةُ كَنَشْطَةِ العِقَالِ The right termed شفعة is like the loosing of the bond called عقال, in respect of the speediness with which it becomes of no effect, (Mgh, Msb,) by delay, (Msb,) is of the measure فَعْلَةٌ from أَنْشَطَ, or from نَشَطَ in the sense of انشط; or the meaning is, like the tying of the عقال; i. e., it is of short duration; but the former explanation is the more apparently right. (Mgh.) بِئْرٌ نَشُوطٌ A well from which the bucket does not come forth until it is much pulled, (As, S, TA,) by reason of the distance of its bottom; (TA;) contr. of بِئْرٌ أَنْشَاطٌ. (K.) نَشِيطٌ (S, Msb, K) Brisk, lively, sprightly, active, agile, prompt, and quick; (Msb;) or pleased, cheerful, happy, or willing; to do work &c.; as also ↓ نَاشِطٌ; (K;) [see نَشِطَ;] applied to a man; (S, TA;) and to a beast of carriage; fem. with ة: (TA:) pl. نِشَاطٌ (Har, p. 591) [and نَشَاطَى]. b2: A man (TA) whose family, or beasts, are in a state of نَشَاط [i. e. briskness, liveliness, sprightliness, &c.: see 1]; as also ↓ مُنْشِطٌ. (K, TA.) نَاشِطٌ: see نَشِيطٌ. b2: In a verse of Et-Tirimmáh, [see استطرب,] نَاشِطًا is used for شَوْقًا نَازِعًا [By reason of yearning, or longing, desire]. (K, in art. دد.) A2: A wild bull going forth from land to land, (S, K,) or from country to country. (TA.) b2: Hence, (S,) النَّاشِطَاتُ, as used in the Kur, lxxix. 2, meaning The stars [or planets] going forth from one sign of the zodiac to another: (S, K:) or it means the stars that rise, then set: (A'Obeyd, TA:) or the angels that draw forth the souls like as the bucket is drawn forth from the well: (Zj, TA:) or the angels that loose the soul of the believer gently: (Fr, * Ibn-'Arafeh, K:) or the believing souls that are brisk, lively, sprightly, or active, at death: (K, * TA:) or, as some say, [too fancifully,] the angels that ratify events; from نَشَطَ العُقْدَةَ, q. v.; and as this signifies the tying of a knot which is easily undone, the thing's easiness to them is thus notified. (TA.) b3: (tropical:) A road going forth from the main road, to the right, and to the left: (Lth, K *:) pl. نَوَاشِطُ: (TA:) which latter word is applied in like manner to water-courses (K, TA) going forth from the main water-course to the right and left. (TA.) A3: See also نُشُطٌ.

بِئْرٌ أَنْشَاطٌ, (K, and so in a copy of the S, as on the authority of As, but in another copy of the S the ا is without any vowel,) and بِئْرٌ إِنْشَاطٌ, (K, and, accord. to the TA, on the authority of As, and mentioned by IB on the authority of A'Obeyd,) A well of little depth, from which the bucket comes forth by means of a single pull: (As, S, K:) the latter may be defended on the ground of considering إِنْشَاطٌ as originally an inf. n., of أَنْشَطَ signifying “ he loosed, untied, or undid,” a knot “ by a single pull. ” (TA.) أُنْشُوطَةٌ [A knot tied with a bow, or with a double bow, so as to form a kind of slip-knot; whence, in modern vulgar Arabic, عُقْدَة وَشُنَيْطَة, applied to such a tie; and شُنَيْطَة, applied to a simple slip-knot;] a knot, or tie, which easily becomes undone, or untied, like that of the running band of a pair of drawers; (S, Mgh, K;) a knot, or tie, which becomes undone when one of its two ends is pulled. (Msb, TA.) You say, مَا عِقَالُكَ بِأُنْسُوطَةٍ, meaning (assumed tropical:) Thy love, or affection, is not weak, or frail. (S.) مَنْشَطٌ A thing on account of which, or to do which, one is brisk, lively, sprightly, or active; or pleased, cheerful, or happy; and which one likes, or prefers, to do: opposed to مَكْرَهٌ. (TA.) مَنْشِطٌ A place to which one goes forth: pl. مَنَاشِطُ. See an ex. of the pl., voce نَشَطَ.]

مُنْشِطٌ: see نَشِيطٌ.

مِنْشَطٌ Having much نَشَاط [i. e. briskness, liveliness, sprightliness, friskiness, &c.: see 1]. (TA.) نشع, &c