علم

1 عَلِمَهُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عِلْمٌ, He knew it; or he was, or became, acquainted with it; syn. عَرَفَهُ: (S, K:) or he knew it (عَرَفَهُ) truly, or certainly: (B, TA:) by what is said above, and by what is afterwards said in the K, العِلْمُ and المَعْرِفَةُ and الشُّعُورُ are made to have one meaning; and this is nearly what is said by most of the lexicologists: but most of the critics discriminate every one of these from the others; and العِلْمُ, accord. to them, denotes the highest quality, because it is that which they allow to be an attribute of God; whereas they did not say [that He is] عَارِفٌ, in the most correct language, nor شَاعِرٌ: (TA:) [respecting other differences between العِلْم and المَعْرِفَة, the former of which is more general in signification than the latter, see the first paragraph of art. عرف: much might be added to what is there stated on that subject, and in explanation of العِلْم, from the TA, but not without controversy:] or عَلِمَ signifies تَيَقَّنَ [i. e. he knew a thing, intuitively, and inferentially, as expl. in the Msb in art. يقن]; العِلْمُ being syn. with اليَقِينُ; but it occurs with the meaning of الَمَعْرِفَةُ, like as المَعْرِفَةُ occurs with the meaning of العلْمُ, each being made to import the meaning of the other because each is preceded by ignorance [when not attributed to God]: Zuheyr says, [in his Mo'allakah,] وَأَعْلَمُ عِلْمَ اليَوْمِ وَالْأَمْسِ قَبْلَهُ وَلٰكِنِّنِى عَنْ عِلْمِ مَا فِى غَدٍ عَمِ meaning وَأَعْرِفُ [i. e. And I know the knowledge of the present day, and of yesterday before it; but to the knowledge of what will be to-morrow I am blind]: and it is said in the Kur [viii. 62], لَا تَعْلَمُونَهُمْ اَللّٰهُ يَعْلَمُهُمْ, meaning لَا تَعْرِفُونَهُمْ اَللّٰهُ يَعْرِفُهُمْ [i. e. Ye know them not, but God knoweth them]; المَعْرِفَة being attributed to God because it is one of the two kinds of عِلْم, [the intuitive and the inferential,] and the discrimination between them is conventional, on account of their different dependencies, though He is declared to be free from the imputation of antecedent ignorance and from acquisition [of knowledge], for He knows what has been and what will be and how that which will not be would be if it were, his عِلْم being an eternal and essential attribute: when عَلِمَ denotes اليَقِين, it [sometimes] has two objective complements; but as syn. with عَرَفَ, it has a single objective complement: (Msb:) it has two objective complements in the saying, in the Kur [lx. 10], فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ [and if ye know them to be believers]; and [in like manner] they allowed one's saying عَلِمْتُنِى [meaning I knew myself to be], like as they said رَأَيْتُنِى and حَسِبْتُنِى &c.: (TA:) and sometimes it imports the meaning of شَعَرَ, and is therefore followed by بِ: (Msb:) [thus] عَلِمَ بِهِ signifies شَعَرَ or شَعُرَ (accord. to different copies of the K) [i. e. He knew it; as meaning he knew, or had knowledge, of it; was cognizant of it; or understood it: or he knew the minute particulars of it: or he perceived it by means of any of the senses: and sometimes this means he became informed, or apprised, of it: and sometimes, he was, or became, knowing in it]: or in this case, [as meaning شَعَرْتُ بِهِ,] you say, عَلِمْتُهُ and عَلِمْتُ بِهِ [I knew it; &c.]: (Msb:) and one says, مَا عَلِمْتُ بِخَبَرِ قُدُومِهِ, meaning مَا شَعَرْتُ [I knew not, &c., the tidings of his coming, or arrival]. (TA.) ↓ اعتلمهُ, also, signifies عَلِمَهُ [He knew it; &c.]. (K.) And one says ↓ تَعَلَّمْ in the place of اِعْلَمْ [Know thou; &c.]: ISk says, تَعَلَّمْتُ أَنَّ فُلَانًا خَارِجٌ is a phrase used in the place of عَلِمْتُ [as meaning I knew, or, emphatically, I know, that such a one was, or is, going forth]; adding, [however,] when it is said to thee, اِعْلَمْ أَنَّ زَيْدًا خَارِجٌ [Know thou that Zeyd is going forth], thou sayest قَدْ عَلِمْتُ [lit. I have known, meaning I do know]; but when it is said, تَعَلَّمْ أَنَّ زَيْدًا خَارِجٌ, thou dost not say, قَدْ تَعَلَّمْتُ; (S:) accord. to IB, these two verbs are not used as syn. except in the imperative forms: (TA:) [or] عَلِمَ الأَمْرَ and ↓ تَعَلَّمَهُ are syn. as signifying أَتْقَنَهُ [app. meaning he knew, or learned, the case, or affair, soundly, thoroughly, or well: see art. تقن: but I think it not improbable, though I do not find it in any copy of the K, that the right reading may be أَيْقَنَهُ, which is syn. with تَيَقَّنَهُ; an explanation of عَلِمَ in the Msb, as mentioned above, being تَيَقَّنَ]. (K, TA.) And الجَمِيعُ ↓ تعالمهُ meansعَلِمُوهُ [i. e. All knew him; &c.]. (S, K.) b2: عَلِمْتُ عِلْمَهُ [lit. I knew his knowledge, or what he knew, app. meaning I tried, proved, or tested, him, and so knew what he knew; and hence I knew his case or state or condition, or his qualities;] is a phrase mentioned by Fr in explanation of رَبَأْتُ فِيهِ. (TA voce رَبَأَ, q. v. See also the explanation of لَأَ خْبُرَنَّ خَبَرَكَ, in the first paragraph of art. خبر: and see غَبَنُوا خَبَرَهَا, in art. غبن.) b3: عَلِمْتُ is also used in the manner of a verb signifying swearing, or asseveration, so as to have a similar complement; as in the saying, وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ لَتَأْتِيَنَّ عَشِيَّةً

[And I certainly knew that thou wouldst, or that she would, assuredly come in the evening]. (TA in art. شهد.) And يَعْلَمُ اللّٰهُ [God knoweth] is a form of asseveration. (IAth, TA voce قَيْرَوَانٌ: see an ex. in art. قير.) A2: عَلُمَ, agreeably with what is said in the M, which is عَلُمَ هُوَ نَفْسُهُ, accord. to the K عَلِمَ هُوَ فِى نَفْسِهِ, but the verb in this case is correctly like كَرُمَ, (TA,) He was, or became, such as is termed عَالِم and عَلِيم; (M, * K, * TA;) meaning he possessed knowledge (العِلْم) as a faculty firmly rooted in his mind: (IJ, * TA:) accord. to IB, i. q. ↓ تعلّم [q. v., as intrans.]: and he was, or became, equal to the عُلَمَآء

[pl. of عَالِمٌ and of عَلِيمٌ]. (TA.) A3: عَالَمَهُ فَعَلَمَهُ, aor. ـُ see 3.

A4: عَلَمَهُ, aor. ـُ and عَلِمَ, (K,) inf. n. عَلْمٌ, (TA.) signifies He marked it; syn. وَسَمَهُ. (K.) And one says, عَلَمْتُ عِمَّتِى, meaning I wound my turban upon my head with a mark whereby its mode should be known. (TA.) [See also 4.]

A5: عَلَمَ شَفَتَهُ, aor. ـِ (S, K,) inf. n. عَلْمٌ, (S,) He slit his [upper] lip. (S, K.) A6: عَلِمَ, aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. عَلَمٌ, (S, Msb,) He (a man, S) had a fissure in his upper lip: (S, Msb, K:) or in one of its two sides. (K.) 2 علّمهُ [He, or it, made him to be such as is termed عَالِم and عَلِيم; i. e., made him to possess knowledge (العِلْم) as a faculty firmly rooted in his mind: and hence, he taught him. And it generally has a second objective complement]. You say, عَلَّمْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ [I made him to know, or taught him, the thing], in which case the teshdeed is [said to be] not for the purpose of denoting muchness [of the action; but see what follows]; (S;) and عَلَّمْتُهُ الفَاتِحَةَ [I taught him the Opening Chapter of the Kur-án], and الصَّنْعَةَ [the art, or craft], &c.; inf. n. تَعْلِيمٌ; (Msb;) and علّمهُ العِلْمَ, inf. n. تَعْلِيمٌ and عِلَّامٌ, the latter like كِذَّابٌ; and إِيَّاهُ ↓ اعلمهُ; (K;) both, accord. to the K, signifying the same [i. e. he taught him knowledge, or science]; but Sb makes a distinction between them, saying that عَلَّمْتُ is like أَذَّنْتُ, and that ↓ أَعْلَمْتُ is like آذَنْتُ; and Er-Rághib says that ↓ الإِعْلَامُ is particularly applied to quick information; and التَّعْلِيمُ is particularly applied to that which is repeated and much, so that an impression is produced thereby upon the mind of the مُتَعَلِّم: and some say that the latter is the exciting the attention of the mind to the conception of meanings; and sometimes it is used in the sense of الإِعْلَام when there is in it muchness: (TA:) you say, الخَبَرَ ↓ أَعْلَمْتُهُ and بِالخْبَرِ [meaning I made known, or notified, or announced, to him, or I told him, or I made him to know, or have knowledge of, the news, or piece of information; I acquainted him with it; told, informed, apprised, advertised, or certified, him of it; gave him information, intelligence, notice, or advice, of it]: (Msb:) see also 10: [hence the inf. n. ↓ إِعْلَامٌ is often used, as a simple subst., to signify a notification, a notice, an announcement, or an advertisement:] and sometimes ↓ اعلم has three objective complements, like أَرَى; as in the saying, أَعْلَمْتُ زَيْدًا عَمْرًا مُنْطَلِقًا [I made known, &c., to Zeyd that 'Amr was going away]. (I'Ak p. 117.) b2: See also 4, in three places.3 عَاْلَمَ ↓ عَالَمَهُ فَعَلَمَهُ, aor. of the latter عَلُمَ, means [I contended with him, or strove to surpass him, in عِلْم,] and I surpassed him in عِلْم [i. e. knowledge, &c.]: (S, K:) [the measure يَفْعَلُ,] and in like manner the measure يَفْعِلُ, in every case of this kind, is changed into يَفْعُلُ: so says Az: [but see 3 in art. خصم:] and Lh mentions the phrase, مَا كُنْتُ أَرَانِى أَنْ أَعْلُمَهُ [I did not think, or know, that I should surpass him in knowledge]. (TA.) 4 أَعْلَمَ see 2, in six places. b2: One says also, اعلم الثَّوْبَ (S, Mgh, TA) He (i. e. a beater and washer and whitener of clothes, S, Mgh) made the garment, or piece of cloth, to have a mark; (Mgh;) or he made upon it, or in it, a mark. (TA.) [And, said of a weaver, or an embroiderer,] He made to the garment, or piece of cloth, a border, or borders, of figured, or variegated, or embroidered, work, or the like. (Msb.) b3: and اعلم عَلَيْهِ He made, or put, or set, a mark upon it; namely, a writing, or book, &c.: (Msb:) [or] اعلم عَلَى مَوْضِعِ كَذَا مِنَ الكِتَابِ عَلَامَةً [He made, &c., a mark upon such a place of the writing, or book]. (TA.) b4: اعلم الفَرَسَ He suspended upon the horse some coloured wool, (K, TA,) red, or white, (TA,) in war, or battle. (K, TA.) And اعلم نَفْسَهُ He marked himself with the mark, sign, token, or badge, of war; as also ↓ عَلَّمَهَا. (K.) [Or] اعلم الفَارِسُ The horseman made, or appointed, for himself, [or distinguished himself by,] the mark, sign, token, or badge, of the men of courage. (S.) And لَهُ عَلَامَةً ↓ عَلَّمْتُ I appointed to him (وَضَعْتُ لَهُ) a mark, sign, or token, which he would, or should, know. (Msb.) b5: And القَبْرَ ↓ علّم (K in art. رجم) He put a tombstone [as a mark] to the grave. (TK in that art.) A2: اعلم said of a well-sinker, He found the well that he was digging to be one having much water. (TA.) 5 تعلّم is quasi-pass. of 2 [i. e. it signifies He was, or became, made to know, or taught; or he learned: and is trans. and intrans.]. (S, Msb, K, * TA.) You say, تعلّم العِلْمَ (MA, K) He learned [knowledge, or science]. (MA.) See also 1, latter half, in three places. [In the last of those places, تعلّم app. signifies, as it often does, He possessed knowledge as a faculty firmly rooted in his mind.] Accord. to some, التَّعَلُّمُ signifies The mind's having its attention excited to the conception of meanings, or ideas. (TA.) 6 تعالمهُ الجَمِيعُ: see 1, latter half.8 اعتلمهُ: see 1, latter half.

A2: اعتلم said of water, It flowed (K, TA) upon the ground. (TA.) b2: And said of lightning it means لَمَعَ فى العلم [app. فِى العَلَمِ, and, if so, meaning It shone, shone brightly, or gleamed, in, or upon, the long mountain]: a poet says, بَلْ بُرَيْقًا بِتُّ أَرْقُبُهُ لَا يُرَى إِلَّا إِذَا اعْتَلَمَا [But a little lightning, in watching which I passed the night, not to be seen save when it shone, &c.]. (TA.) 10 استعلمهُ He asked, or desired, him to tell him [a thing; or to make it known to him]. (MA, KL. *) You say, ↓ اِسْتَعْلَمَنِى الخَبَرَ فَأَعْلَمْتُهُ

إِيَّاهُ [He asked, or desired, me to tell him, or make known to him, the news, or piece of information, and I told him it, or made it known to him]. (S.) عَلْمٌ: see مَعْلَمٌ, in two places.

عِلْمٌ is an inf. n., (S, K, &c.,) and [as such] has no pl. [in the classical language]. (Sb, TA voce فِكْرٌ.) [As a post-classical term, used as a simple subst., its pl. is عُلُومٌ, signifying The sciences, or several species of knowledge.] b2: Sometimes it is applied to Predominant opinion; [i. e. preponderant belief;] because it stands in stead of that which is عِلْم properly so termed. (Ham p. 632.) b3: And sometimes it is used in the sense of عَمَلٌ [A doing, &c.], as mentioned by Az, on the authority of Ibn-'Oyeyneh, agreeably with an explanation of عَالِمٌ as signifying one “ who does according to his knowledge; ” and it has been expl. as having this meaning in the Kur xii. 68 [where the primary meaning seems to be much more apposite]. (TA.) b4: لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى عِلْمٍ means [I met him the first thing, like لقيته أَدْنَى

دَنِّىِ and أَدْنَى دَنًا; or] before everything [else]. (TA.) عَلَمٌ: see عَلَامَةٌ. b2: Also An impression, or impress; or a footstep, or track, or trace. (TA.) b3: And The عَلَم of a garment, or piece of cloth; (S;) [i. e. the ornamental, or figured, or variegated, border or borders thereof;] the figured, or variegated, or embroidered, work or decoration, (Msb, K, TA,) in the borders, (TA,) thereof: (Msb, K, TA:) pl. أَعْلَامٌ. (Msb.) b4: And [A way-mark; i. e.] a thing set up, or erected, in the way, (K, TA,) or, as in the M, in the deserts, or waterless deserts, (TA,) for guidance, (K, TA,) in the M, for the guidance of those going astray; (TA;) as also ↓ عَلَامَةٌ: (K:) the former is also applied to a building raised in the beaten track of the road, of such as are places of alighting for travellers, whereby one is guided to the land [that is the object of a journey]: pl. أَعْلَامٌ: and عَلَمٌ also signifies a مَنَارَة [app. a mistranscription for مَنَار, without ة: see these two words]. (TA. [See also مَعْلَمٌ.]) [Hence, أَعْلَامُ الكَوَاكِبِ The stars, or asterisms, that are signs of the way to travellers: see مِصْبَاحٌ.] b5: And A separation between two lands; [like مَنَارٌ;] as also ↓ عَلَامَةٌ. (K.) [Hence,] أَعْلَامُ الحَرَمِ The limits that are set to the Sacred Territory. (TA.) b6: And A mountain; (S, K;) as a general term: or a long mountain: (K:) [app. as forming a separation: or as being a known sign of the way:] pl. أَعْلَامٌ and عِلَامٌ: (K:) the former pl. occurring in the Kur [xlii. 31 and] lv. 24. (TA.) b7: And A banner, or standard, syn. رَايَةٌ, (S, K, TA,) to which the soldiers congregate: (TA:) and, (K,) some say, (TA,) the thing [i. e. flag, or strip of cloth,] that is tied upon the spear: (K, TA:) it occurs in a verse of Aboo-Sakhr El-Hudhalee with the second fet-hah lengthened by an alif after it [so that it becomes ↓ عَلَام]. (IJ, TA.) b8: And (tropical:) The chief of a people or party: (K, TA:) from the same word as signifying “ a mountain ” or “ a banner: ” (TA:) pl. أَعْلَامٌ. (K.) b9: [In grammar, it signifies A proper name of a person or place &c. b10: And the pl. أَعْلَامٌ is applied to Things pertaining to rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage or the like, as being signs thereof; such as the places where such rites and ceremonies are performed, the beasts destined for sacrifice, and the various practices performed during the pilgrimage &c.; as also مَعَالِمُ, pl. of ↓ مَعْلَمٌ: the former word is applied to such places in the Ksh and Bd and the Jel in ii. 153; and the latter, in the Ksh and Bd in ii. 194: the former is also applied to the beasts destined for sacrifice in the Ksh and Bd and the Jel in xxii. 37; and the latter, in the Ksh and Bd in xxii. 33: and both are applied to the practices above mentioned, the former in the TA and the latter in the K, in art. شعر: see شِعَارٌ.]

A2: See also what next follows.

عُلْمَةٌ and ↓ عَلَمَةٌ and ↓ عَلَمٌ [the last of which is originally an inf. n., see 1, last sentence,] A fissure in the upper lip, or in one of its two sides. (K.) عَلَمَةٌ: see what next precedes.

عَلْمَآءُ fem. of أَعْلَمُ [q. v.].

عَلْمَآءِ in the saying عَلْمَآءِ بَنُو فُلَانٍ [meaning At the water are the sons of such a one] is a contraction of عَلَى المَآءِ. (S.) عِلْمِىٌّ Of, or relating to, knowledge or science; scientific; theoretical; opposed to عَمَلِىٌّ.]

عَلَمِيَّةٌ, in grammar, The quality of a proper name.]

عَلَامٌ: see عَلَامَةٌ: b2: and see also عَلَمٌ.

A2: [عَلَامَ is for عَلَى مَ.]

عُلَامٌ: see عُلَّامٌ.

A2: Also i. q. غُلَامٌ [q. v.]: an instance of the substitution of ع for غ. (MF and TA on the letter ع.) عَلِيمٌ: see عَالِمٌ. b2: العَلِيمُ and ↓ العَالِمُ and ↓ العَلَّامُ, as epithets applied to God, signify [The Omniscient;] He who knows what has been and what will be; who ever has known, and ever will know, what has been and what will be; from whom nothing is concealed in the earth nor in the heaven; whose knowledge comprehends all things, the covert thereof and the overt, the small thereof and the great, in the most complete manner. (TA.) عَلَامَةٌ i. q. سِمَةٌ [A mark, sign, or token, by which a person or thing is known; a cognizance, or badge; a characteristic; an indication; a symptom]; (K; [see also مَعْلَمٌ;]) and ↓ عَلَمٌ is syn. therewith [as meaning thus]; (S, Msb, TA;) and so ↓ أُعْلُومَةٌ, (Abu-l-'Omeythil ElAarábee, TA,) as in the saying ↓ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ أُعْلُومَةٌ [Among the people, or party, is a mark, sign, or token]; and the pl. of this last is أَعَالِيمُ: (TA:) the pl. of عَلَامَةٌ is عَلَامَاتٌ (Msb) and [the coll. gen. n.] ↓ عَلَامٌ, (K, TA,) differing from عَلَامَةٌ only by the apocopating of the ة. (TA.) b2: See also عَلَمٌ, in two places.

عُلَامِىٌّ Light, or active; and sharp, or acute, in mind; (K, TA;) applied to a man: it is without teshdeed, and with the relative ى; from عُلَامٌ [signifying “ a hawk ”]. (TA.) عَلَّامٌ and ↓ عُلَّامٌ, (K, TA,) both mentioned by ISd, the latter [which is less used] from Lh, (TA,) and ↓ عَلَّامَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ تِعْلِمَةٌ and ↓ تِعْلَامَةٌ, (K,) Very knowing or scientific or learned: (S, K:) the ة in ↓ عَلَّامَةٌ is added to denote intensiveness; (S;) or [rather] to denote that the person to whom it is applied has attained the utmost degree of the quality signified thereby; [so that it means knowing &c. in the utmost degree; or it may be rendered very very, or singularly, knowing or scientific or learned;] and this epithet is applied also to a woman: (IJ, TA:) [↓ تِعْلَامَةٌ, likewise, is doubly intensive; and so, app., is ↓ تِعْلِمَةٌ:] the pl. of عَلَّامٌ is عَلَّامُونَ; and that of ↓ عُلَّامٌ is عُلَّامُونَ. (TA.) See also, for the first, عَلِيمٌ. b2: Also the same epithets, (K,) or عَلَّامٌ and ↓ عَلَّامَةٌ, (TA,) i. q. نَسَّابَةٌ; (K, TA;) [or rather عَلَّامٌ signifies نَسَّابٌ, i. e. very skilful in genealogies, or a great genealogist; and ↓ عَلَّامَةٌ signifies نَسَّابَةٌ, i. e. possessing the utmost knowledge in genealogies, or a most skilful genealogist;] from العِلْمُ. (TA.) عُلَّامٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places. b2: Also, and ↓ عُلَامٌ, The صَقْر [or hawk]; (K;) the latter on the authority of IAar: (TA:) and [particularly] the بَاشَق [i. e. the musket, or sparrow-hawk]; (K;) as some say: (TA:) or so the former word, (T, * S, TA,) or the latter word accord. to Kr and IB. (TA.) b3: And the former word, The [plant called] حِنَّآء

[i. e. Lawsonia inermis]: (IAar, S, K, TA:) thus correctly, but mentioned by Kr as without tesh-deed. (TA.) b4: And the same, i. e. with tesh-deed, The kernel of the stone of the نَبِق [or fruit, i. e. drupe, of the lote-tree called سِدْر]. (TA.) عَلَّامَةٌ: see عَلَّامٌ, in four places.

عُلَّامَةٌ: see مَعْلَمٌ.

العَالَمُ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) said by some to be also pronounced ↓ العَالِمُ, (MF, TA,) and pronounced by El-Hajjáj with hemz [i. e. العَأْلَمُ], is primarily a name for That by means of which one knows [a thing]; like as الخَاتَمُ is a name for “ that by means of which one seals ” [a thing]: accord. to some of the expositors of the Kur-án, its predominant application is to that by means of which the Creator is known: then to the intelligent beings of mankind and of the jinn or genii: or to mankind and the jinn and the angels: and mankind [alone]: Es-Seyyid Esh-Shereef [El-Jurjánee] adopts the opinion that it is applied to every kind [of these, so that one says عَالَمُ الإِنْسِ (which may be rendered the world of mankind) and عَالَمُ الجِنِّ (the world of the jinn or genii) and عَالَمُ المَلَائِكَةِ (the world of the angels), all of which phrases are of frequent occurrence], and to the kinds [thereof] collectively: (TA:) or it signifies الخَلْقُ [i. e. the creation, as meaning the beings, or things, that are created], (S, Msb, K,) altogether [i. e. all the created beings or things, or all creatures]: (K:) or, as some say, peculiarly, the intelligent creatures: (Msb:) or what the cavity (lit. belly) of the celestial sphere comprises, (K, TA,) of substances and accidents: (TA:) [it may often be rendered the world, as meaning the universe; and as meaning the earth with all its inhabitants and other appertenances; and in more restricted senses, as instanced above: and one says عَالَمُ الحَيَوَانِ meaning the animal kingdom, and عَالَمُ النَّبَات the vegetable kingdom, and عَالَمُ المَعَادِنِ the mineral kingdom:] Jaafar Es-Sádik says that the عَالَم is twofold: namely, العَالَمُ الكَبِيرُ, which is the celestial sphere with what is within it; and العَالَمُ الصَّغِيرُ, which is man, as being [a microcosm, i. e.] an epitome of all that is in the كَبِير: and Zj says that العَالَمُ has no literal sing., because it is [significant of] a plurality [of classes] of diverse things; and if made a sing. of one of them, it is [significant of] a plurality of congruous things: (TA:) the pl. is العَالَمُونَ (S, M, Msb, K, &c.) and العَوَالِمُ: (S, TA:) and the sing. is [said to be] the only instance of a word of the measure فَاعَلٌ having a pl. formed with و and ن, (ISd, K, TA,) except يَاسَمٌ: (K, TA:) [but see this latter word:] العَالَمُونَ signifies the [several] sorts of created beings or things: (S:) [or all the sorts thereof: or the beings of the universe, or of the whole world:] it has this form because it includes mankind: or because it denotes particularly the sorts of created beings consisting of the angels and the jinn and mankind, exclusively of others: I'Ab is related to have explained رَبُّ العَالَمِينَ as meaning the Lord of the jinn, or genii, and of mankind: Katádeh says, the Lord of all the created beings: but accord. to Az, the correctness of the explanation of I'Ab is shown by the saying in the beginning of ch. xxv. of the Kur-án that the Prophet was to be a نَذِير [or warner] لِلْعَالَمِينَ; and he was not a نذير to the beasts, nor to the angels, though all of them are the creatures of God; but only to the jinn, or genii, and mankind. (TA.) b2: عَالَمٌ is also syn. with قَرْنٌ [as meaning A generation of mankind; or the people of one time]. (O, voce طَبَقٌ, q. v.) عَالِمٌ and ↓ عَلِيمٌ signify the same, (IJ, Msb, K, *) as epithets applied to a man; (K;) i. e. Possessing the attribute of عِلْم (IJ, Msb, TA) as a faculty firmly rooted in the mind; [or learned; or versed in science and literature;] the former being used in [what is more properly] the sense of the latter; (IJ, TA;) which is an intensive epithet: (TA:) the pl. is عُلَمَآءُ and عُلَّامٌ, (K,) the latter of which is pl. of عَالِمٌ; (IB, TA;) the former being [properly] pl. of عَلِيمٌ; and عَالِمُونَ is [a] pl. of عَالِمٌ; (Msb;) [but] عُلَمَآءُ is used as a pl. of both, (IJ, TA,) and by him who says only عَالِمٌ [as the sing.], (Sb, TA;) because عَالِمٌ is used in the sense of عَلِيمٌ: to him who is entering upon the study of العِلْم, the epithet ↓ مُتَعَلِّمٌ [which may generally be rendered learning, or a learner,] is applied; not عَالِمٌ. (IJ, TA.) عَالِمٌ is also expl. as signifying One who does according to his knowledge. (TA.) b2: See also عَلِيمٌ: and أَعْلَمُ.

A2: And see العَالَمُ.

عَيْلَمٌ A well having much water: (S, K:) or of which the water is salt: (K:) and a wide well: and sometimes a man was reviled by the saying, يَا ابْنَ العَيْلَمِ, referring to the width of his mother [in respect of the فَرْج]: (TA:) pl. عَيَالِمُ or عَيَالِيمُ. (S, accord. to different copies: in the TA, in this instance, the latter.) b2: And The sea: (S, K:) pl. عَيَالِمُ. (TA.) b3: And The water upon which is the earth: (S, K:) or water concealed, or covered, in the earth; or beneath layers, or strata, of earth; mentioned by Kr: (TA:) [عَيْلَمُ المَآءِ occurs in the JK and TA in art. خسف, and is there plainly shown to mean the water that is beneath a mountain, or stratum of rock: (see also غَيِّثٌ: and see غَيْلَمٌ:) and it is said that] المَأءُ العَيْلَمُ means copious water. (Ham p. 750.) b4: And A large cooking-pot. (T, TA voce هِلْجَابٌ.) A2: Also Plump, and soft, tender, or delicate. (S, K.) A3: And The frog. (AAF, K. [This meaning is also assigned to غَيْلَمٌ.]) b2: And i. q. ↓ عَيْلَامٌ; (K;) which signifies A male hyena; (S, K;) occurring in a trad. (خَبَر) respecting Abraham, relating that he will take up his father to pass with him the [bridge called] صِرَاط, and will look at him, and lo, he will be عَيْلَامٌ أَمْدَرُ [a male hyena inflated in the sides, big in the belly, or having his sides defiled with earth or dust]. (TA.) عَيْلَامٌ: see the next preceding sentence.

أَعْلَمُ [More, and most, knowing or learned]. Applied to God, [it may often be rendered Supreme in knowledge: or omniscient: but often, in this case,] it means [simply] ↓ عَالِمٌ [in the sense of knowing, or cognizant]. (Jel in iii. 31, and I'Ak p. 240.) [Therefore اَللّٰهُ أَعْلَمُ virtually means, sometimes, God knows best; or knows all things: and sometimes, simply, God knows.]

A2: Also [Harelipped; i. e.] having a fissure in his upper lip: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) or in one of its two sides: (K:) the camel is said to be اعلم because of the fissure in his upper lip: when the fissure is in the lower lip, the epithet أَفْلَحُ is used: and أَشْرَمُ is used in both of these, and also in other, similar, senses: (TA:) the fem. of أَعْلَمُ is عَلْمَآءُ: (S, Msb, TA:) which is likewise applied to a lip (شَفَةٌ). (TA.) b2: العَلْمَآءُ signifies also The coat of mail: (K:) mentioned by Sh, in the book entitled كِتَابُ السِّلَاحِ; but as not heard by him except in a verse of Zuheyr Ibn-Khabbáb [?]. (TA.) أُعْلُومَةٌ: see عَلَامَةٌ, in two places.

تِعْلِمَةٌ and تِعْلَامَةٌ: see عَلَّامٌ; each in two places.

مَعْلَمٌ i. q. مَظِنَّةٌ; مَعْلَمُ الشَّىْءِ signifying مَظِنَّتُهُ; (K, TA;) as meaning The place in which is known the existence of the thing: (Msb in art. ظن:) pl. مَعَالِمُ; (TA;) which is the contr. of مَجَاهِلُ, pl. of مَجْهَلٌ [q. v.] as applied to a land; meaning in which are signs of the way. (TA in art. جهل.) And hence, [A person in whom is known the existence of a quality &c.:] one says, هُوَ مَعْلَمٌ لِلْخَيْرِ [He is one in whom good, or goodness, is known to be]. (TA.) b2: Also A thing, (K,) or a mark, trace, or track, (S, TA,) by which one guides himself, or is guided, (S, K, TA,) to the road, or way; (S, TA;) as also ↓ عُلَّامَةٌ and ↓ عَلْمٌ: (K: [in several copies of which, in all as far as I know, وَالعَلْمُ is here put in the place of والعَلْمِ; whereby العَلْمُ is made to be syn. with العَالَمُ: but accord. to SM, it is syn. with المَعْلَمُ, as is shown by what here follows:]) and hence a reading in the Kur [xliii. 61], ↓ وَإِنَّهُ لَعَلْمٌ لِلسَّاعَةِ, meaning And verily he, i. e. Jesus, by his appearing, and descending to the earth, shall be a sign of the approach of the hour [of resurrection]: it is also said, in a trad., that on the day of resurrection there shall not be a مَعْلَم for any one: and the pl. is مَعَالِمُ. (TA.) And مَعْلَمُ الطِّرِيقِ signifies The indication, or indicator, of the road, or way. (TA.) b3: [And hence it signifies likewise An indication, or a symptom, of anything; like عَلَامَةٌ.] b4: See also عَلَمٌ, last quarter.

مُعْلَمٌ pass. part. n. of أَعْلَمَ [q. v.] in the phrase اعلم الثَّوْبَ, and thus applied as an epithet to a garment, or piece of cloth: (S:) [and also in other senses: thus in a verse of 'Antarah cited voce مَشُوفٌ:] and applied to a قِدْح [or gamingarrow] as meaning Having a mark [made] upon it. (TA.) b2: [See also a verse of 'Antarah cited voce مِشَكٌّ.]

مُعْلِمٌ act. part. n. of أَعْلَمَ [q. v.] in the phrase اعلم الثَّوْبَ: [and in other senses:] b2: thus also of the same verb in the phrase اعلم الفَارِسُ. (S.) مُعَلَّمٌ [pass. part. n. of 2, in all its senses: b2: and hence particularly signifying] Directed by inspiration to that which is right and good. (TA.) مُعَلِّمٌ [act. part. n. of 2, in all its senses: and generally meaning] A teacher. (KL.) b2: [It is now also a common title of address to a Christian and to a Jew.]

مَعْلُومٌ [Known; &c.]. الوَقْتُ المَعْلُومُ [mentioned in the Kur xv. 38 and xxxviii. 82] means[The time of] the resurrection. (TA.) And الأَيَّامُ المَعْلُومَاتُ [mentioned in the Kur xxii. 29] means[The first] ten days of Dhu-l-Hijjeh, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) the last of which is the day of the sacrifice. (TA.) b2: [In grammar, The active voice.]

مُتَعَلِّمٌ: see عَالِمٌ.

بغث

1 بَغِثَ, (Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. بُغْثَةٌ, (Msb,) or this is a simple subst., and the inf. n. is بَغَثٌ, (TA,) He (a bird) was, or became, of a colour resembling that of ashes: (Msb:) or he (a sheep or goat) was of the mixed colours of those to which the epithet بَغْثَآءُ is applied. (K, TA.) [See أَبْغَثُ, and بُغْثَةٌ, and بَغَثٌ.]

بَغَثٌ Dust-colour. (A.) [But see بُغْثَةٌ. Accord. to the TA, the former is the inf. n. of 1, q. v.]

بُغْثَةٌ Whiteness inclining to خُضْرَة [which here app. means a dark, or ashy, dust-colour]: (T:) [or, in a bird, a colour resembling that of ashes: (see 1:)] or the colour of sheep or goats to which the epithet بَغْثَآءُ is applied. (K, TA.) [See أَبْغَثُ.]

بَغْثَآءُ: see أَبْغَثُ, of which it is the fem.

بَغَاثٌ (T, S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and بُغَاثٌ and بِغَاثٌ; (A, Mgh, K;) only the second of these three mentioned by Sb; (TA;) but the second and third asserted to be correct by Yoo; (Az, TA;) and the last heard by Az; (TA;) or neither of these two is allowable; (Msb;) A bird that does not prey, and such as one does not desire to make an object of prey because it is not eaten: (T, Msb:) or small birds that do not prey, such as sparrows and the like; [a coll. gen. n.;] n. un. with ة: (Mgh:) or [accord. to Lth,] a certain dust-coloured bird, (T, A, K,) of the birds of the water, ash-coloured, and long-necked; as also ↓ أَبْغَثُ; pl. [of the latter] بُغْثٌ and أَبَاغِثُ: (T:) [but this appears to be wrong; for AM says, in the T,] Lth makes the بغاث and the ابغث to be one, asserting them to be of aquatic birds; but in my opinion, the former is different from the latter: as to the latter, it is a well-known kind of aquatic bird, so called because it is of the colour termed بُغْثَة, i. e. white inclining to خُضْرَة [explained above, voce بُغْثَةٌ]: but as to the بغاث, it is any bird that is not one of prey: and the word is said to be a coll. gen. n., signifying the class of birds that are objects of prey: (TA:) ISk says that the بَغَاث is a bird of a colour inclining to that of dust, (S, Msb, *) a little less than the رَخَمَة [or vultur percnopterus], (S,) or less than the رخمة, (Msb,) slow in flight: (S, Msb:) but IB says that this is a mistake in two points of view; first, because بغاث is a [coll.] gen. n., of which the n. un. is with ة, like as is that of حَمَامٌ; and secondly, because it applies to the class of birds that do not prey; but the ↓ أَبْغَث is a bird of the colour of dust, and this may be a bird of prey, and it may be not a bird of prey: (TA:) Az says that بغاث signifies the [species of vulture called] رَخَم; and the n. un. is with ة others, the young ones of the رخم and birds of the crowkind: or [birds] like the [hawks called] سَوَادِق [pl. of سَوْدَقٌ], not predaceous: in the T, it is said to be [a kind of bird] like the [hawk called] بَاشَق, that does not prey upon any other bird: (TA:) or بِغَاثٌ and بُغَاثٌ (ISd, K) and بَغَاثٌ (K) signify the worst [or most ignoble] of birds, (ISd, K, [the latter giving this as a second and distinct signification,]) and such as do not prey: (ISd, TA:) Fr says, بَغَاثُ الطَّيْرِ signifies the worst of birds, and such as do not prey; and بُغَاثٌ and بِغَاثٌ are dial. vars.: (S:) the pl. is بِغْثَانٌ, (Sb, T, S, Msb, K,) accord. to those who make بغاث a sing., (Yoo, S, Msb, TA,) or accord. to those who make the sing. to be with ة; (T, TA;) or those who apply بَغَاثَةٌ [as a n. un.] to the male and the female make بَغَاثٌ to be pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.]; (Yoo, S, Msb;) as is done in the case of نَعَامَةٌ and نَعَامٌ: (Yoo, S:) ISd says that بَغَاثَةٌ, with fet-h, is the n. un., applied alike to the male and the female: (TA:) [and Fei says,] it is not allowable to pronounce this with damm or with kesr to the first letter: (Msb:) but Yoo asserts both of these forms to be used: (Az, TA:) and بغاثة is said to signify a weak bird. (TA.) It is said in a prov., إِنَّ البَغَاثَ بِأَرْضِنَا يَسْتَنْسِرُ (S, A, Msb, K *) Verily the بغاث in our land becomes [like] a vulture, or become [like] vultures: (Msb:) applied to the low person who becomes of high rank: (A:) meaning (tropical:) the weak in our land becomes strong: (Msb:) or he who makes himself our neighbour becomes mighty, strong, or of high rank, by our means, (S, K, TA,) acquiring the might, or strength, of the vulture, after having been low, or mean, in condition. (TA.) بَغِيثٌ Wheat (حِنْطَةٌ and طَعَامٌ [both of which signify the same, though the latter, q. v., has a a larger application,]) adulterated by being mixed with barley; (Th, K;) as also غَلِيثٌ and لَغِيثٌ. (Th, TA.) بُغَيْثَآءُ [dim. of بَغْثَآءُ fem. of أَبْغَثُ, q. v.,] The place of the حَقِيبَة [q. v.] in a camel. (K.) [So called because of its colour, produced by chafing.]

أَبْغَثُ Of a white colour inclining to خُضْرَة [which here app. means a dark, or ashy, dustcolour]: (T:) [or of a colour resembling that of ashes: (see 1:)] or dust-coloured: (A:) or of a colour near to that of dust: (S:) an epithet, like أَحْمَرُ: [fem. بَغْثَآءُ: and] pl. بُغْثٌ: and sometimes, when used as a subst., it has for pl. أَبَاغِثُ. (IB, TA.) You say طَائِرٌ أَبْغَثُ A bird of the colour above described: (T, S:) whether it be a bird of prey or not: see بَغَاثٌ in two places: (IB, TA:) and صَقْرٌ أَبْغَثُ [a hawk of that colour.]; (ISh, A;) as well as أَحْوَى and أَبْيَضُ; i. e., that wherewith men take game. (ISh, TA.) بَغْثَآءُ applied to sheep or goats, (S, K,) or, as in some lexicons, to sheep, (TA,) is like رَقْطَآءُ; (S, K;) [Black speckled with white; or the reverse;] or in which are blackness and whiteness, with predominance of the latter colour: (TA:) or شَاةٌ بَغْثَآءُ and غَنَمٌ بُغْثٌ signify a sheep or goat, and sheep or goats, in which are blackness and whiteness. (A.) b2: Also, [as a subst.,] A certain bird, (K, TA,) dustcoloured, in truth different from the بَغَاث, as shown above: see the latter word: (TA:) pl. بُغْثٌ and أَبَاغِثُ. (T, TA.) You say, هُوَ مِنْ أَبَاغِثِ الطَّيْرِ [He is of the birds thus called]. (A.) b3: And الأَبْغَثُ signifies The lion; (TS, K;) because he is of the colour termed بُغْثَةٌ. (TA.) b4: and البَغْثَآءُ (tropical:) The medley, or mixed or promiscuous multitude or collection, of men or people; or of the lowest or basest or meanest sort, or refuse, or riffraff, thereof; (S, A, K;) the commonalty, or vulgar, and collective body, of the people. (S.) One says, خَرَجَ فَلَانٌ فِى البَغْثَآءِ and الغَثْرَآءِ (tropical:) Such a one went forth among the medley, &c., of the people. (A.) And دَخَلْنَا فِى البَغْثَآءِ (tropical:) We entered among the commonalty, or vulgar, and the collective body, of the people. (S.)

زرق

1 زَرِقَ, (MA, TA,) [aor. ـَ inf. n. زَرَقٌ (S, MA, KL, TA) and زُرْقَةٌ, (MA,) [or the latter is a simple subst.,] He had that colour of the eye which is termed زُرْقَة [q. v.]; (S, TA;) [i. e.] he was blue-eyed; (KL;) or gray-eyed; (MA, PS;) or of a greenish hue in the eye [so I render the Pers\. explanation سبز چشم شد]. (MA.) and زَرِقَتْ عَيْنُهُ; (S, K;) and عَيْنُهُ ↓ ازرقّت, inf. n. اِزْرِقَاقٌ; (S;) and عَيْنُهُ ↓ ازراقّت, (S, MA,) inf. n. اِزْرِيقَاقٌ; (S;) His eye was of the colour termed زُرْقَةٌ; (S, K;) [i. e.] his eye was gray; (MA;) [&c.] b2: And زَرِقَ, (TK,) inf. n. زَرَقٌ, (K, TK,) He (a man, TK) was, or became, blind. (K, * TK.) b3: [And زَرِقَ النَّصْلُ, inf. n. زَرَقٌ, is app. used as signifying The iron head or blade of an arrow &c. was, or became, very clear or bright: see زَرَقٌ, below.] b4: And زَرِقَ المَآءُ The water was, or became, clear; as also ↓ ازرقّ. (Msb.) A2: زَرَقَتْ عَيْنُهُ نَحْوِى His eye turned towards me so that the white thereof appeared; (S, K;) as also ↓ أَزْرَقَتْ and ↓ اِزْرَقَّتْ. (Fr, K.) A3: زَرَقَهُ, (Mgh,) or زَرَقَهُ بِمِزْرَاقٍ, (S, K,) or بِرُمْحٍ, (Msb,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. زَرْقٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) He cast at him, (S, Mgh, K,) or he thrust him, or pierced him, (Mgh, Msb,) with a مزراق [or javelin], (S, Mgh, K,) or with a spear. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] زَرَقَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ, and بِبَصَرِهِ, (tropical:) He looked sharply, or intently, or attentively, at him; he cast his eye at him. (TA.) b3: زَرَقَتِ الرَّحْلَ, (S, TA,) or الحِمْلَ, (TA,) She (a camel) made the saddle, (S, TA,) or the load, (TA,) to shift backwards: (S, TA:) and حِمْلَهَا ↓ أَزْرَقَتْ, (K,) inf. n. إِزْرَاقٌ, (TA,) She (a camel) made her load to shift backwards. (K.) [See also 2.]

A4: زَرَقَ, aor. ـُ and زَرِقَ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. زَرْقٌ, (Msb,) said of a bird, i. q. ذَرَقَ [i. e. It muted, or dunged]. (S, Msb, K.) 2 زرّق, accord. to Golius, as on the authority of the KL, “i. q. Pers\. چكانيد, Fecit ut stillaret, stillatim emisit: ” but it appears from my copy of the KL that this should be زهّق; for I there find تَزْهِيقٌ (not تَزْرِيقٌ) expl. by the Pers\. چكانيدن: then, however, immediately follows, in that copy, another explanation: b2: and The shifting backwards of a camel's saddle from his back: therefore it seems that either تَزْرِيقٌ is there omitted before this second explanation, (see 1, last sentence but one, and see 7,) or تَزْهِيقٌ is there a mistake for تَزْرِيقٌ.]4 أَزْرَقَ see 1, in two places.7 انزرق It (an arrow) passed through, and went forth on the other side: (Lth, K:) and in like manner a spear. (K in art. زرنق.) b2: He, or it, passed, so as to go beyond and away. (TA.) b3: He entered into a burrow, and lay hid. (K in art. زرنق.) b4: It (a camel's saddle, S, K, and a load, TA) shifted backwards. (S, K, TA. [In the CK, الرَّجُلُ is erroneously put for الرَّحْلُ. See an ex. in art. زهق, conj. 4.]) b5: He (a man, As) laid himself down on his back. (As, K.) 9 إِزْرَقَّ see 1, in three places.11 إِزْرَاْقَّ see 1, second sentence. Q. Q. 2 تَزَوْرَقَ, (K, TA,) in some of the copies of the K تَزَرْوَقَ, (TA,) He (a man, TA) cast [forth] what was in his belly: (K, TA:) so says Fr. (TA.) زَرَقٌ [inf. n. of زَرِقَ, q. v.: and] i. q. زُرْقَةٌ, q. v. (K.) b2: Blindness: (K:) in this sense also an inf. n. of which the verb is زَرِقَ. (TK.) b3: The quality of being very clear or bright, in the iron head or blade of an arrow &c. (ISk, S. [See, again زَرِقَ, of which it is app., in this sense likewise, an inf. n.]) b4: A sort of تَحْجِيل [i. e. whiteness in the legs, or in three of the legs, or in the two kind legs, or in one kind leg, beneath the knees and hocks, or beneath the hocks, or beneath the hock, of a horse,] not including the border of the pastern next the hoof: (AO, K:) or, as some say, (TA, but in the K “ and ”) a whiteness not surrounding the bone altogether, but [only] a whiteness of the hair (وَضَحٌ) upon a part thereof. (K, TA.) زَرْقَةٌ A certain bead (خَرَزَةٌ) for the purpose of fascination, (Ibn-'Abbád, K,) with which women fascinate [men]. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) زُرْقَةٌ A certain colour, (Msb, K,) well known; as also ↓ زَرَقٌ: (K:) it is [in various things; but is generally expl. as being] in the eye: (JK, S:) [a blue colour, (see 1, first sentence,) whether light or dark or of a middling tint, but generally the first;] sky-colour, or azure; (TK;) [blueness of the eye;] or grayness of the eye; (PS;) [or a greenish hue in the eye: (see again 1, first sentence:)] accord. to ISd, whiteness, wherever it be: and a خُضْرَة [by which may be meant greenness, or dust-colour intermixed with blackness or deep ask-colour,] in the سَوَاد [here meaning iris] of the eye: or, as some say, a whiteness overspreading the سَوَاد of the eye [app. when a person becomes blind: see 1, third sentence; and see also أَزْرَقُ]. (TA.) [In the present day it is often improperly used as meaning A black colour.]

زُرْقُمٌ Having, in an intense degree, that colour of the eye which is termed زُرْقَة; (S, K; *) applied to the male and the female; (K;) [i. e.] applied also to a woman: (S:) accord. to Ibn-'Osfoor, it is [used as] a subst.; [or, app. as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates;] not [as] an epithet with a subst.; (MF, TA;) but accord. to Lh, one says رَجُلٌ زُرْقُمٌ and اِمْرَأَةٌ زَرْقَآءُ: the م is augmentative. (TA.) زَرْقَمَةٌ [Intenseness of زُرْقَة, i. e. blueness, or grayness, in the eye;] the attribute denoted by the epithet زُرْقُمٌ. (Lh, TA.) زُرَيْقٌ [and app. أَبُو زُرَيْقٍ (see زِرْيَابٌ)] A certain bird. (K.) زُرَيْقَآءُ [dim. of زَرْقَآءُ fem. of أَزْرَقُ] (tropical:) A mess of crumbled bread (ثَرِيدَةٌ) dressed with milk and olive oil: (JK, Z, K:) likened, because of its seasoning, to the eyes that are termed زُرْق (Z, TA.) A2: Also A certain small beast, resembling the cat. (Lth, K.) زُرَّقٌ A certain bird used for catching other birds; (IDrd, S, K;) between the [species of hawk called] بَازِى and the بَاشَق [or sparrow-hawk]: (IDrd, TA:) or, accord. to Fr, the white بَازِى

[or falcon]: (S, TA:) [but] it is said in the A, لَا يُقَاسُ الزُّرَّقُ بِالأَزْرَقِ [The زُرَّق is not to be compared with the أَزْرَق], which latter is the بازى: (TA:) the pl. is زَرَارِيقُ. (S, K.) A2: And A whiteness in the forelock of a horse; (K, TA;) or in the hinder part of his head, behind the forelock. (O, TA.) And Some white hairs in the fore leg of a horse; or in his hind leg. (TA.) A3: Also Sharp-sighted: mentioned by Sb, and expl. by Seer. (TA.) زَرَّاقٌ, applied to a man, Very deceitful; or a great deceiver. (TA.) زَرَّاقَةٌ, with fet-h and teshdeed, A short javelin; i. e. a spear shorter than the مِزْرَاقٌ: pl. زَرَارِيقُ. (TA.) b2: Also i. q. مِنْضَحَةٌ; (IAar, L and K in art. نضح; in some copies of the K, زُرَّاقَة; and in the CK زَرافَة;) i. e. An instrument made of copper, or brass, for shooting forth naphtha [into a besieged place]. (L in that art.) زُرْنُوقٌ: &c.: see art. زرنق.

زَوْرَقٌ A sort of سَفِينَة [or boat]; (S;) [a skiff i. e.] a small سَفِينَة; (K;) or a small قَارِب: pl. زَوَارِقُ. (TA.) Dhu-r-Rummeh says, [referring to a she-camel,] نِعْمَتْ زَوْرَقُ البَلَدِ; [making it fem., because] meaning نِعْمَتْ سَفِينَةُ المَفَازَةِ [Excellent, or most excellent, is the boat, or skiff, of the desert, or waterless desert.] (S, TA.) أَزْرَقُ Of the colour termed زُرْقَة [q. v.]; (Msb, TA;) and ↓ أَزْرَقِىٌّ signifies the same: (TA:) an epithet applied to a man, signifying having what is termed زُرْقَة of the eye: (S:) blue, (KL,) [whether light or dark or of a middling tint, but generally the first;] sky-coloured, or azure; (TK;) blue-eyed; (MA, KL;) gray-eyed; (MA;) [or having a greenish hue in the eye: &c.: (see زُرْقَةٌ:)] fem. زَرْقآءُ: (S, Msb:) pl. زُرْقٌ. (Msb.) [In the present day it is often improperly used as meaning Black: and is applied to a horse, an ass, a mule, a bird, and any animal, and sometimes to other things, as meaning gray, or ash-coloured.] b2: [And Blind; properly by reason of a bluish, or grayish, opacity of the crystalline lens; i. e., by what is commonly termed a cataract in the eye.]

وَنَحْشُرُ الْمُجْرِمِينَ يَوْمَئِذٍ زُرْقًا, in the Kur [xx. 102], means [And we will congregate, or raise to life, on that day, the sinners, or unbelievers,] blind; (Bd, K, * TA;) because the black of the eye of the blind becomes blue, or gray: (Bd:) Zj says that they will come forth from their graves seeing, as they were created at the first, and will become blind when congregated: (TA:) or the meaning is, thirsty: (Th, TA:) or with their eyes become blue, or gray, by reason of intense thirst: (ISd, TA:) or blue-eyed, or gray-eyed, (زُرْقَ العُيُونِ,) because الزُّرْقَةُ is the worst of the colours of the eye, and the most hateful thereof to the Arabs, for the Greeks were their greatest enemies, and are زُرْق. (Bd.) b3: Applied to the iron head or blade of an arrow &c., Very clear or bright: (ISk, S, K:) and زُرْقٌ [used as a subst.] means spearheads (S, K) or the like; (K;) because of their colour; (S, TA;) or because of their clearness, or brightness; (TA;) or polished iron heads or blades of arrows &c. (Ham p. 313.) And Clear water: (IAar, S, Msb:) pl. as above. (TA.) b4: Hence, العَدُوُّ الأَزْرَقُ The sheer enemy: or [the fierce enemy;] the enemy that is vehement in hostility; because زُرْقَة of the eyes is predominant in the Greeks and the Deylem, between whom and the Arabs is a confirmed enmity. (Har p. 148.) b5: الأَزْرَقُ The بَازِى [i. e. hawk, or falcon: because of his colour]: pl. as above. (TA. [See also زُرَّقٌ.]) b6: And The leopard. (TA.) b7: الزَّرْقَآءُ Wine: (K:) [app. because of its clearness:] so says AA. (TA.) b8: And the name of A horse of Náfi' Ibn-'Abd-El-'Ozzà. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) أَزْرَقِىٌّ: see the next preceding paragraph, first sentence.

A2: Also sing. of الأَزَارِقَةُ, (TA,) which is the appellation of A certain sect of the [heretics, or schismatics, called] خَوَارِج, (S, K,) or حَرُورِيَّة; (TA;) so called in relation to Náfi' Ibn-ElAzrak, (S, K,) who was [of the family] of EdDool Ibn-Haneefeh: (S:) they asserted that 'Alee committed an act of infidelity by submitting his case to arbitration, and that Ibn-Muljam's slaughter of him was just; and they pronounced the Companions [of the Prophet] to have been guilty of infidelity. (TA.) مِزْرَاقٌ A javelin; i. e. a short spear, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) lighter than the عَنَزَة. (Mgh, Msb.) A2: Also A camel that makes his load to shift backwards. (Az, K.) Quasi زرقم زُرْقُمٌ and زَرْقَمَةٌ are expl. in art. زرق.

بزو

1 بَزَا, aor. ـْ i. q. تَطَاوَلَ [app. as meaning He stretched out his neck, looking at a thing far off]; and تَأَنَّسَ [here meaning the same, or he looked, raising his head; said of a hawk, or falcon]: (Az, ISd, K:) and hence IJ says that ↓ بَازٌ is [originally] of the measure فَلْعٌ from this verb: (TA: [and it is said in the K that بَازٍ

seems to be hence derived:]) for [or تطاول may here be used in another sense; for, accord. to Fei,] بَزَا, aor. as above, signifies he overcame, or subdued; and hence is derived ↓ بَازٍ. (Msb.) Yousay also, بَزَا عَلَيْهِ, aor. as above, meaning تطاول [i. e., thus followed by عليه, He held up his head with an assumption of superiority over him; behaved haughtily towards him; exalted himself above him; or overpowered, subdued, or oppressed, him]. (S.) And بُزِىَ بِالقَوْمِ The people, or company of men, were overcome, or subdued. (TA.) And بَزَاهُ, aor. as above, (K,) inf. n. بَزْوٌ, (TA,) He overcame, or subdued, him; and laid violent hands upon him, or assaulted him; as also ↓ ابزى

بِهِ: (K:) or this last signifies he overcame him, and subdued him: (S:) and بَزَاهُ, he wronged him; or treated him wrongfully, or injuriously: and ↓ ابزاهُ may signify the same; or this may mean he induced him to become أَبْزَى, q. v.: (Ham p.

502:) and accord. to Aboo-Riyásh, ↓ ابزى signifies he pressed heavily upon his adversary, or imposed on him that which he was unable to do, or to bear, in order to treat him wrongfully, or injuriously. (Ham pp. 104 and 105.) [It is said that] بَزَوَانٌ [an inf. n. of which the verb, if it have one, is بَزَا,] signifies the act of Leaping; syn. وَثْبٌ. (S: [but I think it not improbable that this may have been taken from a mistranscription of نَزَوَانٌ, an inf. n. of نَزَا.]) A2: بَزِىَ, (K,) aor. ـَ (Ham p. 502;) and بَزَا, aor. ـُ (K;) inf. n. بَزًا (S, * K, * TA) and بَزْوٌ, (TA,) He (a man, TA) had what is termed بَزًا; (K;) i. e., prominence of the breast and depression of the back: (S, K, and Ham ubi suprà:) or depression of the back and prominence of the belly: or, as some say, prominence of the breast and depression of the lower part of the belly: (Ham ubi suprà:) or depression of the breast and prominence of the lower part of the belly: (Ham p. 105:) or a bending in the back next the posteriors: (K, TA:) or a projecting of the middle of the back over the posteriors: or a backward bulging of the posteriors: (K:) or he was as though his posteriors projected over the hinder part of the thighs: or he had the breast bulging forward and the posteriors backward, so that he appeared unable to straighten his back. (T, TA.) [See also 4.] The epithet is أَبْزَى: fem. بَزْوَآءُ. (S, K.) 4 ابزى: see 1, in three places.

A2: Also, (S, K,) inf. n. إِبْزَآءٌ, (A 'Obeyd, S,) He (a man, A 'Obeyd, S) elevated his posteriors; (A 'Obeyd, S, K;) as also ↓ تبازى: (S, K:) or the latter signifies he acted in such a manner in his walk as to cause it to be imagined that he was أَبْزَى; (Ham p. 105;) or he moved his posteriors in walking, like as does a woman; or he bent, or bowed, himself to others. (TA.) Accord. to IAar, البزاء [probably a mistranscription for الإِبْزَآءُ] signifies الصلف [i. e. الصَّلَفُ, app. meaning An extravagant affecting of elegance of carriage, such as is common with women]. (TA.) 6 تبازى: see 4. b2: Also He stepped wide. (K.) b3: And He made a vain, or false, boast of abundance, or riches; or a boast of more than he possessed; or invested himself with that which did not belong to him. (K.) بَزْوٌ The equal, equivalent, or like, of a thing. (S, K.) You say, أَخَذْتُ مِنْهُ بَزْوَ كَذَا [I took from him, or of it, the equal, equivalent, or like, of such a thing]. (S.) بَازٍ (S, Msb, K) and بَازٌ [mentioned in art. بوز] (Msb, TA, and so in some copies of the K in this art.) and بَازٌ [mentioned in art. بأز] and ↓ بَازِىٌّ (TA) [A name given to several varieties of the hawk, or falcon;] a species of صَقْر, (K,) that preys, or hunts or catches game; (S;) the proudest and fiercest of birds of prey, found in the country of the Turks: it is said that this name is only given to the female, and that the male is of another kind, a kite, or a white falcon (شَاهِين), and hence the varieties of form &c. in different individuals of the species: that of which the prevailing colour is white is the best, and the fullest in body, and the boldest, and the easiest to train: this variety (the أَشْهَب) is found only in the country of the Turks, and Armenia, and the country of the Khazar: (Kzw:) [see also بَاشَقٌ:] respecting the derivation, see 1, in two places: the pl. (of بَازٍ, S, ISd, Msb) is بُزَاةٌ (S, ISd, Msb, K) and بَوَازٍ; (ISd, K;) and (of بَازٌ, Msb) بِيزَانٌ (Msb, K) and أَبْوَازٌ, (Msb,) the former a pl. of mult., and the latter a pl. of pauc., (TA,) or the former is originally بُزْيَانٌ [and therefore a pl. of بَازٍ]; (IKtt, TA in art. ميد;) and (of بَأْزٌ, K in art. بأز,) أَبْؤُزٌ [a pl. of pauc.] and بُؤُوزٌ (K in this art. and in art. بأز) and بِئْزَانٌ. (K in the latter art.) بَازِىٌّ: see بَازٍ.

أَبْزَى, applied to a man, (S, Mgh,) Having what is termed بَزًا; (S, K;) i. e., prominence of the breast and depression of the back, (S, Mgh, K, and Ham p. 105,) or of the part between the shoulder-blades: (Ham ubi suprà:) &c.: [see 1, latter part:] fem. بَزْوَآءُ: (S, K:) the masc. is sometimes coupled with أَبْزَخُ; and the fem., with بَزْخَآءُ, applied to an old woman who, when she walks, is as though she were bowing down her head and body: and the fem. is said by some to signify sticking out her posteriors to be seen of men. (TA.) هُوَ مُبْزٍ بِهٰذَا الأَمْرِ He is strong, or able, to perform this affair; a prudent, or sound, manager thereof. (S.)

قشب

1 قَشْبٌ signifies The act of mixing. (S, Mgh, O, K.) You say, قَشَبَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. قَشْبٌ, He mixed. (K.) And قُشِبَ, said of anything, It was mixed. (M.) b2: And قَشَبَهُ, aor. and inf. n. as above, He corrupted, or vitiated, it: (K, TA:) or he mixed it (i. e. anything) with a thing that corrupted, or vitiated, it. (TA.) b3: [Hence,] قَشَبَ الطَّعَامَ, (S, M,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (M,) He poisoned the food; (S;) he mixed the food with poison; as also ↓ قشّبهُ: (M, TA:) or قَشَبَ signifies he mixed poison, and so prepared it that it should take effect upon the body. (IAar, TA.) b4: And قَشَبَهُ, (S, O, K,) aor. as above, (K,) and so the inf. n., He gave him poison to drink; (S, O, K;) and (TA) so لَهُ ↓ قشّب. (M, TA.) And قَشَبَ النَّسْرَ He put poison on flesh-meat for the vulture, that he might eat it and die, and he might take his feathers. (AA, TA.) b5: And [hence] قَشَبَنِى رِيحُهُ; (K, TA;) and (TA) ريحه ↓ قَشَّبَنِى, inf. n. تَقْشِيبٌ; (S, TA;) His, or its, odour annoyed me: (S, K, TA:) as though meaning it poisoned me. (S, TA.) قَشَبَهُ and ↓ قشّبهُ both signify He, or it, annoyed him. (Mgh.) And قَشَبَهُ الدُّخَانُ means The smoke annoyed him by its odour; and oppressed, or overpowered, him. (O.) قَشْبٌ [in a case of this kind], (O, K,) as inf. n. of قَشَبَ, aor. ـِ (K,) means The affecting [a person] with what is displeasing, or hateful, and with what is deemed unclean, or filthy: (O, K: [in the former القَشْبُ is expl. by the words الاصابةُ بما يُكْرَهُ ويُسْتَقْذَرُ; which, as well as what here follows, shows that an assertion in the TK (copied from the TA, and adopted by Freytag) respecting the explanation in the K, is erroneous:]) and hence the saying of 'Omar, when he perceived the odour of perfume from Mo'áwiyeh when the latter was a pilgrim, مَنْ قَشَبَنَا [i. e. Who has affected us with what is displeasing &c.?]; likening the odour of perfume in this case to a stink. (O.) b6: قَشْبٌ also signifies The depriving [one] of reason; (K, TA;) from the same word as signifying the act of “ corrupting,” or “ vitiating: ” (TA:) and its verb is قَشَبَ, aor. ـِ (K, TA.) 'Omar said to one of his sons, قَشَبَكَ المَالُ (M, O, TA) i. e. Wealth has deprived thee of thy reason: (M:) or has corrupted, or vitiated, thee, and deprived thee of thy reason. (O, TA.) b7: And قَشَبَهُ, (S, M, O, K,) aor. as above, (K,) and so the inf. n., (M, K,) (assumed tropical:) He spoke evil of him: (S, O:) (tropical:) he aspersed him, or upbraided him, (M, K, TA,) بِشَىْءٍ with a thing; (K, TA;) and so ↓ قشّبهُ, inf. n. تَقْشِيبٌ: (accord. to some copies of the K, and said in the TA to be agreeable with usage:) and (tropical:) he reproached him with disgraceful conduct. (M, K, TA.) You say, قَشَبَهُ بِقَبِيحٍ (tropical:) He charged, or upbraided, him with something bad, evil, abominable, or foul. (S, O, TA.) And قَشَبَهُ بِشَرٍّ (assumed tropical:) He cast upon him an evil imputation that was a mark whereby he should, or would, be known. (M, TA.) And قَشَبَهُ بِعَيْبِ نَفْسِهِ (assumed tropical:) He imputed to him, or charged him with, his own vice, or fault. (IAar, TA.) And قَشَبَنَا (assumed tropical:) He reproached, or upbraided, us with, or accused us of, a thing that was not in us: (O:) [or] he commanded us to forbear from a thing that was not in us. (TA.) And قَشَبَ, aor. and inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) He forged, or fabricated, a lie, or falsehood. (K, TA.) A2: قَشَبَ اِلسَّيْفَ, (O, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (K,) He polished the sword; (O, K;) removed its قِشْب [i. e. rust]. (O.) A3: And قَشَبَ, (S, M, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above; (M, K;) or قَشِبَ, with kesr; (O, as on the authority of Fr;) He (a man, S, M, O) gained, or acquired, praise or blame; (Fr, S, M, O, K;) as also ↓ اقتشب. (S, M, K.) A4: قَشُبَ, (Th, M, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. قَشَاَبةٌ, (K,) It (a garment, Th, M, TA) was new and clean: (Th, M, TA:) or it was white and clean. (K, TA.) b2: And قَشُبَ, (thus written in my copy of the TA,) or قَشِبَ, (thus in a copy of the M,) It (a thing) was, or became, unclean, dirty, or filthy. (M, TA.) 2 قشّب: see the preceding paragraph, in five places. b2: Also, He rendered a thing unclean, dirty, or filthy. (M, TA.) 4 مَا أَقْشَبَ بَيْتَهُمْ How unclean, dirty, or filthy, is their tent or house! (O,) or, what surrounds their tent or house, by reason of the human excrement, or ordure! (TA.) 8 إِقْتَشَبَ see 1, last sentence but two.10 استقشبهُ He deemed it (i. e. a thing) unclean, dirty, or filthy. (M, TA.) قَشْبٌ inf. n. of قَشَبَ [q. v.] b2: [The explanations of this word by Golius and Freytag, by the former as an epithet applied in two contr. senses to a sword, and by the latter as a subst. (from a misstatement in the TK mentioned above), are erroneous.]

قِشْبٌ Poison; (S, M, Mgh, O, K;) because consisting of things mixed together; (Mgh;) as also ↓ قَشَبٌ: (M, K:) pl. of the former أَقْشَابٌ. (S, M.) b2: And [hence, app.,] A certain plant, (M, O, K,) resembling the مَقِر, (M, [which is generally said to mean the aloe, and by AHn to be a certain plant consisting of leaves without branches, agreeably with what follows, in the O and K resembling the مَفْد,]) from the middle whereof there rises a stalk, which, when it grows tall, bends down its top by reason of its succulence, or suppleness; having upon its head a fruit (ثَمَرَةٌ, M, O, [in the TA عقدة,]) with which birds of prey are killed, (M, O,) being poisoned therewith by its being put into flesh and thrown where they alight: he who prepares it stops up his nose; if he do not, it injures him; and people fear to pasture their cattle near to the places of its growth lest the animals should come in contact with it and should break it or bruise it and it should exhale its odour upon them and kill them: thus says AHn, on the authority of some one or more of the Arabs of the desert, of the Saráh (السَّرَاة). (O.) b3: And Anything unclean, dirty, or filthy; as also ↓ قَشَبٌ: (M, TA:) or anything that is deemed unclean, dirty, or filthy. (Mgh.) b4: Rust (K, TA) upon iron: (TA:) or dirt upon a sword. (A, TA.) b5: The refuse, that is thrown away, as being of no good, of طَعَام [i. e. wheat, or other food]. (M, TA.) b6: See also [the pl.]

أَقْشَابٌ, voce قَاشِبٌ. b7: Also, i. e. قِشْبٌ A man in whom is no good; (K, TA;) and (TA) so قِشْبٌ خِشْبٌ; (S, M, O, TA;) or this means with whom is no good: the latter word is an imitative sequent. (TA in art. خشب.) [See also قِشْبَةٌ.]

b8: And Dry, or tough, and hard. (M, TA. [Like قَسْبٌ.]) A2: And القِشْبُ signifies The نَفْس [here meaning جَسَد, i. e. body, as is shown below, voce قَاشِبٌ]. (O, K.) قَشَبٌ: see قِشْبٌ, in two places.

قَشِبٌ: see قَشِيبٌ.

قِشْبَةٌ A low, vile, ignoble, or mean, man, (IDrd, M, O, K, TA,) possessing no good: (TA:) of the dial. of El-Yemen. (IDrd, M, O, TA.) [See also قِشْبٌ, last quarter.] b2: And The young one of the ape, or of the monkey: (M, O, K:) so, IDrd says, some assert; (O;) but he doubted its correctness; (M, O, TA;) and the right word is قِشَّةٌ. (M, TA.) قَشِيبٌ Food mixed with poison: (M, TA:) and anything poisoned; as also ↓ مُقَشَّبٌ. (Nh, TA.) [Hence,] نَسْرٌ قَشِيبٌ A vulture for which poison is mixed in flesh-meat, which he eats, and which kills him; and then his feathers are taken: (S, O:) a vulture killed by means of غَلْثَى

[q. v.]. (M, TA.) A2: And White, (O, K,) and clean. (K.) b2: And, (S, M, O, K,) as also ↓ قَشِبٌ, (M,) New: (S, M, O, K:) b3: and Old, and worn-out: (M, O, K:) thus having two contr. meanings: (O, K:) the former used alike as masc. and fem.; applied to a garment; and its pl. is قُشُبٌ [and by contraction قُشْبٌ, mentioned by Golius on the authority of Meyd]. (M.) b4: And the former, applied to a sword, (S, O, K,) Polished: (K:) or recently polished: (S, O:] b5: and, (O, K,) so applied, (A, O, K,) Rusty: (O, K:) or dirty: (A:) thus, again, having two contr. meanings. (O, K) قُشْبَانِيَّتَانِ (occurring in a trad., O) Two old and worn-out [garments of the kind called] burdehs (بُرْدَتَانِ): (O, K, TA:) or, as some say, new: (Nh, TA:) the assertion that قُشْبَانٌ is a pl. of قَشِيبٌ, and that قُشْبَانِيَّةٌ is a rel. n. from this pl., is one upon which no reliance is to be placed, (O, K,) for a rel. n. is not formed from a pl. [unless from a pl. of the class of أَنْصَارٌ]: it is an innovated form of rel. n. (O.) قَاشِبٌ [act. part. n. of قَشَبَ; Mixing: &c.]. b2: One who imputes to others, or charges them with, vices, or faults, that are in himself. (IAar, TA.) b3: And A tailor (O, K) who ejects his ↓ أَقْشَاب, i. e. the knots of the threads, [meaning who spits them out,] when he ejects them. (O.) A2: And [A man] weak in respect of the body (ضَعِيفُ النَّفْسِ); (K, TA;) i. e. (TA) one whose قِشْب [meaning body] is weak, or emaciated; (O, TA;) by his فِشْب being meant his نَفْس [as syn. with جَسَد]. (O.) مُقَشَّبٌ Poison with which medicaments [or drugs] are mixed to render it potent. (Ham p.

331.) See also قَشِيبٌ, first sentence. b2: And, (M, K,) or مُقَشَّبُ الحَسَبِ, (S,) (tropical:) A man whose grounds of pretension to respect are mixed (S, M, K, * TA) with ignobleness. (M, TA.)

رزق

1 رَزَقَهُ اللّٰهُ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. رِزْقٌ, (S,) or رَزْقٌ, (IB, K,) the latter being the proper inf. n., (K,) and the former a simple subst. but also used as an inf. n., (TA,) God caused what is termed رِزْق [q. v.] to come to him: (K:) or God gave him. (S, IB.) [The verb is doubly trans.: when the second objective complement is implied, the phrase generally means God caused the means of subsistence to come to him; i. e., gave him, granted him, or bestowed upon him, the means of subsistence; or supplied, provided, or blessed, him therewith: when the second objective complement is expressed, this word is generally one signifying the means of subsistence or the like, property, or offspring.] One says also, رَزَقَ الطَّائِرُ فَرْخَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. رَزْقٌ, [The bird fed its young one.] (TA.) and رَزَقَ الأَمِيرُ الجُنْدَ The commander gave their subsistence-money, pay, or allowances, to the army: and رَزَقَ الجُنْدَ رَزْقَةً He gave the army their subsistence-money, &c., once: and رُزِقُوا رَزْقَتَيْنِ They were given their subsistence-money, &c., twice. (TA.) b2: [Hence رُزِقَ also signifies It (a place) was rained upon.] Lebeed says, رُزِقَتْ مَرَابِيعَ النُّجُومِ وَصَابَهَا وَدْقُ الرَّوَاعِدِ جَوْدُهَا وَرِهَامُهَا

meaning مُطِرَتْ; (TA;) i. e. They were rained upon with the rain of the أَنْوَآء [pl. of نَوْءٌ q. v.] of the رَبِيع, and the rain of the thundering clouds fell upon them, the copious thereof and the drizzling and lasting thereof. (EM pp. 140 and 141.) b3: And رَزَقَ فُلَانًا He thanked such a one; was thankful, or grateful, to him; or acknowledged his beneficence: of the dial. of Azd, (K,) i. e. Azd-Shanooah. (TA.) One says, فَعَلْتُ ذٰلِكَ لَمَّا رَزَقْتَنِى i. e. لَمَّا شَكَرْتَنِى [I did that since, or because, thou thankedst me]. (TA.) And hence, in the Kur [lvi. 81], وَتَجْعَلُونَ رِزْقَكُمْ أَنَّكُمْ تَكَذِّبُونَ [And do ye make your thanking to be that ye disacknowledge the benefit received, as being from God?]; (K;) i. e., accord. to Ibn-'Arafeh, do ye, instead of acknowledging what God has bestowed upon you, and being thankful for it, attribute it to another than Him? or, accord. to Az and others, [as J also says in the S,] the meaning is, تَجْعَلُونَ شَكْرَ رِزِقْكُمُ التَّكْذِيبَ [do ye make the thanking for your sustenance to be disacknowledgment?]: (TA:) and some read شَكْرَكُمْ [ for رِزْقَكُمْ]. (Bd.) 8 ارتزقوا, (S, Msb, K,) said of soldiers, (S,) or of people, (Msb,) They took, or received, their أَرْزَاق [i. e., when said of soldiers, portions of subsistence-money, pay, or allowances, and when said of others, means of subsistence, &c.]. (S, Msb, K.) b2: See also what next follows.10 استرزقهُ He asked, or demanded, of him what is termed رِزْق [i. e. means of subsistence, &c.; when said of a soldier, subsistence-money, pay, or allowance]; (MA, TA;) as also ↓ ارتزقهُ. (TA.) رِزْقٌ A thing whereby one profits, or from which one derives advantage; (S, K;) as also ↓ مُرْتَزَقٌ, (K, TA,) in the pass. form: (TA: [in the CK, erroneously, مُرْتَزِق:]) and a gift; and especially, of God: (S:) or [especially, and according to general usage,] the means of subsistence, or of the support and growth of the body, which God sends to [mankind and other] animals; [sustenance, victuals, food, or provisions; or a supply thereof from God:] but with the Moatezileh it means a thing possessed and eaten by the deserving; so that it does not apply to what is unlawful: (TA:) pl. أَرْزَاقٌ: (S, Msb, K:) and what are thus termed are of two kinds; apparent, [or material,] which are for the bodies, such as aliments; and unapparent, [or intellectual,] which are for the hearts and minds, such as the several sorts of knowledge and of science: (TA:) or رِزْقٌ properly signifies a portion, share, or lot; or particularly, of something good, or excellent; syn. حَظٌّ: and is conventionally made to apply to a thing by which an animal is enabled to profit: (Bd in ii. 2:) and [hence] it signifies also a daily allowance of food or the like; and so ↓ رِزْقَةٌ of which the pl. is رِزَقٌ: (TA:) [the subsistencemoney, pay, or allowance, of a soldier; or] what is given forth to the soldier at the commencement of every month, or day by day: or, accord. to ElKarkhee, العَطَآءُ is what is assigned to those who fight; and الرَّزْقُ, to the poor: (Mgh: [but see عَطَآءٌ:]) and ↓ رَزَقَاتٌ, pl. of ↓ رَزَقَةٌ, which is the inf. n. of unity of رَرَقَ, signifies the portions of subsistence-money, pay, or allowances, (syn. أَطْمَاع,) of soldiers: (S, K:) one says, كَمْ رِزْقُكَ فِى الشَّهْرِ How much is thy allowance of food, or the like, [or thy subsistence-money, or pay,] in the month? (TA:) and أَخَذُوا أَرْزَاقَهُمْ [They took, or received, their portions of subsistence-money, &c.,] (S, Msb, K) is said of soldiers. (S.) الرِّزْقُ الحَسَنُ means A thing [or provision] that comes to one without toil in the seeking thereof: or, as some say, a thing [or provision] that is found without one's looking, or watching, for it, and without one's reckoning upon it, and without one's earning it, or labouring to earn it. (KT.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) Rain (S, K) is sometimes thus called; as in the Kur xlv. 4 and li. 22: this being an amplification in language; as when one says, “The dates are in the bottom of the well; ” meaning thereby “ the [water for] watering the palm-trees. ” (S.) رَزْقَةٌ, and its pl. رَزَقَاتٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

رِزْقَةٌ: see رِزْقٌ.

الرَّزَّاقُ: see what next follows, in two places.

الرَّازِقُ and ↓ الرَّزَّاقُ, the latter of which has an intensive signification, are epithets applied to God, meaning [The Supplier of the means of subsistence, &c.; or] the Creator of what are termed الأَرْزَاق, and the Giver of their أَرْزَاق to his creatures. (TA.) [The former epithet is also applicable to a man; but ↓ the latter is not.] b2: رَوَازِقُ [as pl. of رَازِقٌ, agreeably with a general rule relating to epithets of the measure فَاعِلٌ when not applicable to rational beings, and of رَازِقَةٌ,] Dogs, and birds, that prey, or catch game. (TA.) رَازِقِىٌّ [erroneously written by Golius and Freytag رَازَقِىٌّ] Weak: (Moheet, L, K:) applied to anything. (Moheet, L.) A2: Also The species of grapes called مُلَاحِىّ or مُلَّاحِىّ; (T, K;) a species of grapes of Et-Táïf, with long berries; they are called عِنَبٌ رَازِقِىٌّ. (TA.) b2: And Wine (K, TA) made of the grapes so called; (TA;) as also ↓ رَازِقِيَّةٌ. (K, TA.) A3: And ↓ رَازِقِيَّةٌ [as a coll. gen. n. of which رَازِقِىٌّ is the n. un.] White flaxen cloths. (S, K.) Lebeed says, describing vessels of wine, لَهَا غَلَلٌ مِنْ رَازِقِىٍّ وَكُرْسُفٍ

بِأَيْمَانِ عُجْمٍ يَنْصُفُونَ المَقَاوِلَا [They have a strainer of white flaxen cloth and of cotton, in the right hands of foreigners that act as servants to the kings]: he means يَخْدُمُونَ الأَقْيَالَ: (S:) and by غَلَلٌ he means “ a strainer ” (مِصْفَاة, or فِدَام,) on the heads of the أَبَارِيك. (S in art. غل.) رَازِقِيَّةٌ [erroneously written by Golius and Freytag رَازَقِيَّةٌ]: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

مَرْزُوقٌ A man possessed of good fortune, or of good worldly fortune. (S, K, TA.) b2: أَبُو مَرْزُوقٍ

was the name of A certain he-goat, mentioned in poetry. (IAar.) مُرْتَزَقٌ: see رِزْقٌ.

المُرْتَزِقَةُ Those who receive [subsistence-money, pay, or] settled periodical allowances of food or the like: (Mgh, * Msb, * TA:) and they are thus called though they be not written down in the register [of the army &c.]. (Mgh.)

صقر

1 صَقَرَ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـُ (M,) inf. n. صَقْرٌ, (S, M,) He broke, (S, K,) or struck, (M,) stones, (S,) or a stone, (M, K,) with a صَاقُور [q. v.]. (S, M, K.) b2: صَقَرَهُ بِالعَصَا, (M, K,) inf. n. as above, (M,) He struck him, or beat him, (M, K,) on his head, (M,) with the staff, or stick. (M, K.) b3: صُقِرَ بِهِ الأَرْضُ He was thrown, or cast, upon the ground; lit. the ground was struck with him. (O, K. [In some copies of the K, صقر in this instance and the verb explaining it (ضرب) are in the act. form, and الارض is therefore in the accus. case.]) b4: صَقَرَ النَّارَ, (M, K,) inf. n. as above; (M;) and ↓ صقّرها, (M, K,) inf. n. تَصْقِيرٌ; (TA;) He lighted, or kindled, the fire; or made it to burn, burn up, burn brightly or fiercely, blaze, or flame. (M, K.) b5: صَقَرَتْهُ الشَّمْسُ, (S, M, A,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (M,) (tropical:) The sun hurt him by its heat: (A:) or pained his brain: (S:) or fell vehemently, with fierce heat, upon him, or upon his head: or was hot upon him. (M, TA.) [See also 1 in art. سقر.] b6: صَقَرَنِى

بِكَلَامِهِ (tropical:) [app. He cursed me, and calumniated me]. (A. [These meanings seem to be there indicated by the context.]) A2: صَقَرَ اللَّبَنُ The milk was, or became, intensely sour; as also ↓ اصقرّ, inf. n. اِصْقِرَارٌ; (K;) and ↓ صَمْقَرَ, (K in art. صمقر,) and ↓ اِصْمَقَرَّ. (K in that art and in the present art. also.) b2: [See also صَقْرٌ, below, last explanation but one.]2 صقّر النَّارَ: see 1.

A2: صقّر التَّمْرَ, (M,) or الرُّطَبَ, inf. n. تَصْقِيرٌ, (As, TA,) He poured صَقَر [q. v.], (M,) or دِبْس, [which is the same,] (As,) upon the dates, (M,) or upon the fresh ripe dates. (As.) 4 اصقرت الشَّمْسُ (tropical:) The sun was, or became, burning, or fiercely burning; syn. اِتَّقَدَت; (M, K;) as also ↓ اِصْمَقَرَّت, (L and K in art. صمقر,) in which the م is augmentative: (L in that art.:) the former is from اصتقرت said of fire. (M.) 5 تصقّرت النَّارُ: see 8.

A2: تصقّر [He hawked;] he hunted with the صَقْر. (A, K.) A3: And He tarried, stayed, or waited, (K, TA,) in a place. (TA.) 8 اصتقرت النَّارُ and اصطقرت The fire became lighted or kindle; burned, burned up, burned brightly or fiercely, blazed, or flamed; (M, K;) as also ↓ تصقّرت. (K.) 9 اصقرّ: see 1, last explanation. Q. Q. 1 صَمْقَرَ: see 1, last explanation. Q. Q. 1 صَوْقَرَ He (a bird) uttered the cry termed صَوْقَرِير [q. v.]: (K:) reiterated his cry. (TA.) Q. Q. 4 اِصْمَقَرَّ: see 1, last explanation: b2: and see also 4.

صَقْرٌ [The hawk;] the bird with which one hunts, or catches, game; (S;) whatever preys, or hunts or catches game, of the birds called بُزِاة [pl. of بَازٍ] and شَوَاهِين [pl. of شَاهِين]; (M, A, K;) a kind of bird including the بَازِى and the شَاهِين and the زُرَّق and the يُؤْيُؤ and the بَاشَق: (AHát, TA in art. بشق:) [like our term “ saker,” and the French “ sacre,” &c:] pl. [of pauc.]

أَصْقُرٌ (M, K) and [of mult.] صُقُورٌ and صُقُورَةٌ (M, A, K) and صِقَارٌ and صِقَارَةٌ and صُقُرٌ; (M, K;) the last of which is said by Th to be pl. of صُقُورٌ, which is pl. of صَقْرٌ, but [ISd says] I hold it to be pl. of صَقْرٌ: the fem. is ↓ صَقْرَةٌ. (M.) b2: [and accord. to Reiske, as mentioned by Freytag, A liberal man: perhaps a noble man, as likened to a hawk.]

A2: Also, (S, K,) and ↓ صَقْرَةٌ, (S, M, K,) Vehemence of the stroke of the sun, (S, M, K,) and fierceness of its heat: (M:) or the vehemence of its stroke upon the head: (M:) pl. [of the latter] صَقَرَاتٌ. (S, A.) A3: Also the former, Sour milk; (K;) [and] so ↓ صَقْرَةٌ: (A:) or milk rendered sour by a stroke of the sun: (Sh:) or milk sour in the utmost degree: (As:) or very sour milk; as also ↓ صَقْرَةٌ: (S:) or this latter is milk that has curdled, and of which the thick part has become separate, and the whey become clear, and that has become sour, so as to be a good kind of sauce. (L.) One says, تَزْوِى الوَجْهَ ↓ جَآءَنَا بِصَقْرَةٍ

[He brought us some sour milk, or very sour milk, &c., such as contracts the face, or makes it to wrinkle: like as one says بِصَرْبَةٍ]. (S, A, L.) b2: Also, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) and ↓ صَقْرَةٌ, (M,) [The exuded, or expressed, juice called] دِبْس; (S, K;) in the dial. of the people of El-Medeeneh: (S:) or the دِبْس of dates; (M;) or of fresh ripe dates, (Mgh, Msb,) before it is cooked; i. e. what flows from them, like honey, and what, when it is cooked, is called رُبّ: (Msb:) or the honey of fresh ripe dates and of raisins; as also ↓ صَقَرٌ: (K:) or the honey of fresh ripe dates when it has become dry, or tough: or what exudes from grapes, and from raisins, and from dates, without their being pressed; (M;) as also ↓ صَقَرٌ: (TA:) or, in the dial. of the Bahránees, [or people of El-Bahreyn,] the crude دِبْس, resembling honey, which flows from baskets of dates when they [i. e. the dates] are deposited and congested, in an uncovered chamber, [so I render بَيْت مُصَرَّح, but the meaning of the epithet is not clear,] with green earthen pots beneath them. (AM, TA.) b3: And the former, (صَقْرٌ,) (assumed tropical:) Water that has become altered for the worse in taste and colour. (K, O, TA. [See also مُصَقَّرٌ and صَقَرَةٌ.]) A4: صَقْرْ also signifies A دَائِرَة [or feather, i. e. portion of the hair naturally curled or frizzled in a spiral manner or otherwise,] behind the place of the liver (AO, K, TA) of a horse or similar beast, (K, TA,) on the right and on the left, (TA,) or in the back of a horse: (AO, TA:) there are two such feathers, (AO, K, TA,) which are the limit of the back. (AO, TA.) A5: Also, [probably as an inf. n., of which the verb is صَقَرَ,] The acting the part, or performing the office, of a pimp to [men's] wives, or women under covert. (IAar, M, O, K. [In the CK, الحَرَمِ is erroneously put for الحُرَمِ.]) Hence the epithet صَقَّار, [as some explain it,] occurring in a trad. [which see below]. (TA.) b2: And A cursing of such as is not deserving [thereof]: pl. صُقُورٌ and صِقَارٌ. (K.) صَقَرُ a name of Hell; a dial. var. of سَقَرُ [q. v.]. (K.) A2: صَقَرٌ Fallen leaves of the [kind of trees called] عِضَاه, and [particularly] of the عُرْفُط, (M, K,) and of the سَلَم, and of the طَلْح, and of the سَمُر: not so called until they fall. (M.) A3: See also صَقْرٌ, in two places.

رُطَبٌ صَقرِ, (S,) or صَقِرٌ مَقِرٌ, (M, K,) in which the latter word is an imitative sequent, (K,) Fresh ripe dates containing صَقْر: (M, K:) [melliferous:] or proper for دِبْس [or صَقْر]. (S.) A2: اِمْرَأَةٌ صَقِرَةٌ A woman sharp, or acute, of mind, (ذَكِيَّةٌ, [in the CK, erroneously, زَكِيَّةٌ,]) strongsighted. (Sgh, K.) جَآءَ بِالصُّقَرِ وَالبُقَرِ, (A, K, TA,) and ↓ بِالصُّقَارَى

وَالبُقَارَى, (K, TA,) (tropical:) He came with lies, and excitements of dissension: (A, TA:) or with sheer lying: (K:) or with sheer, and excessive, or abominable, lying: (TA:) each being a name for that which is unknown: (K, TA:) and in like manner one says جآء بِالشُّقَرِ وَالبُقَرِ, and بِالشُّقَارَى

وَالبُقَارَى; mentioned by IDrd, in the JM; and by Meyd, in the Collection of Proverbs. (TA in art. بقر.) [See also Har p. 399.]

صَقْرَةٌ: see صَقْرٌ, in six places.

صَقَرَةٌ (assumed tropical:) Water remaining in a watering-trough in which dogs and foxes void their urine, (O, K, TA,) altered for the worse in taste and colour. (TA. [See also صَقْرٌ and مُصَقَّرٌ.]) صُقْرَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A colour, of a bird, in which the خُضْرَة [or dark, or ashy, dust-colour] thereof, or the blackness thereof, is mixed with redness or yel-lowness; as being likened to [the colour of] صَقْرَة [or صَقْر], i. e. دِبْس: a bird of that colour is termed ↓ مُصَقَّرٌ: so in the book entitled “ Ghareeb el-Hamám,” by Hoseyn Ibn-'Abd-Allah el-Kátib El-Isbahánee. (TA.) صَقُورٌ, (so in a copy of the M in two instances, and so in the O in one instance,) or ↓ صَقُّورٌ, (so in the O in another instance, and so accord. to the K, in which latter it is expressly likened to تَنُّورٌ,) A wittol, or tame cuckold; syn. دَيُّوثٌ: (M, K:) or one who acts the part of a pimp to his own wives, or women under covert; as also ↓ صَقَّارٌ: (O:) the former epithet occurring in a trad. (M, O.) صُقَارَى: see جَآءَ بِالصُّقَرِ وَالبُقَرِ, above.

صَقَّارٌ [A falconer, or rearer of hawks. (Golius, from Meyd: and so in the present day.) A2: And] i. q. دَبَّاسٌ [A seller of دِبْس, or صَقْر]. (O, K.) A3: Also (assumed tropical:) One who is in the habit of cursing (M, O, K) those who are not deserving [of being cursed]: (M, O, K:) and (assumed tropical:) a calumniator: and (assumed tropical:) an unbeliever. (M, O, K.) The Prophet, being asked the meaning of صَقَّارٌ, (M, TA,) or of سَقَّارَةٌ, (T, TA,) or of صَقَّارُونَ, (O,) occurring in a trad., said (assumed tropical:) Young people who shall be in the end of time, whose mutual greeting will be mutual cursing. (T, M, O, TA.) See also صَقُورٌ.

صَقُّورٌ: see صَقُورٌ.

صَاقِرٌ, applied to a صَقْر [or hawk] Sharp-sighted. (K.) صَوْقَرٌ: see صَاقُورٌ.

صَاقِرَةٌ A calamity, (M, K,) or a vehement calamity, (O,) befalling. (M, K.) صَاقُورٌ [A pickaxe;] a large فَأْس (AA, S, M, K) with one slender head, with which stones are broken; (AA, S, M;) i. q. مِعْوَلٌ; (AA, S, A;) and ↓ صَوْقَرٌ signifies the same; (M, K;) [but] this latter is expl. by IDrd as meaning a thick فَأْس with which stones are broken. (TA.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) The tongue. (M, K.) b3: See also what next follows.

صَاقُورَةٌ The inner side of the cranium, over the brain, (M, K, TA,) as though it were the bottom of a bowl: in the T said to be termed ↓ صَاقُورٌ. (TA.) b2: And صَاقُورَةُ, (M,) and الصَّاقُورَةُ, (M, K,) a name of (assumed tropical:) The Third Heaven. (M, K.) صَوْقَرِيرٌ A cry of a bird, (M, K,) with a reiteration, (M,) resembling the sound of this word. (M, K.) أَصْقَرُ in the following saying, (M,) هٰذَا التَّمْرُ

أَصْقَرُ مِنْ هٰذَا These dates have more صَقْر than these, (AHn, M, K,) has no verb. (M.) مُصْقَرٌّ Milk that is sour and disagreeable: (Ibn-Buzurj, TA:) and ↓ مُصْمَقِرٌّ signifies milk intensely sour. (TA in art. صمقر.) رُطَبٌ مُصَقَّرٌ Fresh ripe dates, (A,) or fresh ripe dates that have become dry, (S,) upon which is poured دِبْس (S, A) of ripe dates, (A,) in order that they may become soft: and sometimes it occurs with س; for they often change ص into س when there is in the word ق or ط or غ or خ; as in بُصَاقٌ and صِرَاطٌ and صُدْغٌ and صَمَاخٌ: (S:) or excellent fresh ripe dates, picked from the raceme, which are put into [earthen vessels of the kind called] بَسَاتِيق [pl. of بُسْتُوقَةٌ (in the TA erroneously written بَسَاتِين)], and upon which صَقْر is poured: they remain moist and good all the year. (AHn, L.) b2: And مَآءٌ مُصَقَّرٌ (assumed tropical:) Water altered for the worse [in colour, as though صَقْر, i. e. دِبْس had been mixed with it]. (M. [See also صَقْرٌ and صَقَرَةٌ.]) b3: And طَائِرٌ مُصَقَّرٌ (assumed tropical:) A bird of the colour termed, صُقْرَةٌ, q. v. (TA.) مُصَقِّرٌ One who hunts with hawks. (A, * TA.) مُصْمَقِرٌّ A day intensely hot: the two م in this word are augmentative. (TA.) b2: See also مُصْقَرٌّ.