غن

ى1 غَنِىَ, (S, MA, Msb, K, *) from المَال, aor. ـْ (Msb,) inf. n. غِنًى (S, * MA, Msb, K *) and غَنَآءٌ, (MA, K, * TK, [but the latter is app. held by some to be a simple subst.,]) He was, or became, free from want; in the state, or condition, of having no wants; and also, of having few wants; or in a state of competence, or sufficiency; or rich, or wealthy; الغِنَى being the contr. of الفَقْرُ, as also الغَنَآءُ; (K, TA;) and thus denoting the absence, or non-existence, of wants, which is [properly, or strictly speaking,] attributable to none but God; and also the paucity of wants; (TA;) or syn. with اليَسَارُ: (S:) and the epithet applied to him of whom this is said is ↓ غَنِىٌّ, (S:) or ↓ غَانٍ, (Msb,) [or both, for] both signify the same [as will be shown below]. (K.) One says غَنِىَ and ↓ استغنى and ↓ تغنّى and ↓ تغانى and ↓ اغتنى, (K, TA, [but wanting in the CK, and app. in several copies of the K, though it is said in one place in the K, as it is in the S, that تغنّى is syn. with استغنى,]) all having one and the same meaning, and followed by بِهِ [as therewith signifying He was, or became, free from want; in the state, or condition, of having no want, or need; or in a state of competence, &c.; by means of it, or him; i. e. he was, or became, sufficed by it, or him; and hence, he was, or became, content, or satisfied, with it, or him]. (TA.) ↓ لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ لَمْ يَتَغَنَّ بِالقُرْآنِ, (Msb, TA,) a saying of the Prophet, (Msb,) mentioned in a trad., (TA,) means من لم ↓ يَسْتَغْنِ [i. e. He is not of us who is not content, or satisfied, with the Kur-án]: so says Sufyán Ibn-'Oyeyneh; not regarding it as meaning the utterance of the voice [in chanting]: and A 'Obeyd says that this obtains extensively in the speech of the Arabs; that they say ↓ تَغَنَّيْتُ and ↓ تَغَانَيْتُ in the sense of ↓ اِسْتَغْنَيْتُ. (Az, Msb, TA.) And one says, غَنِىَ عَنْهُ, inf. n. غِنًى and غُنْيَانٌ, meaning He was in no need of it [or him]: as also عنه ↓ استغنى; and غنه ↓ أَغْنَى [which seems to be rarely used in this sense]: and ↓ غُنْيَةٌ signifies the state of being in no need: and ↓ غَانٍِ, a man free from need. (MA.) [And مَا عَنْهُ ↓ يَسْتَغْنِى He is not without need, or not free from want, of it, or him.] And غَنِىَ بِهِ عَنْهُ, (S, Msb,) i. e. عَنْ غَيْرِهِ, (Msb,) inf. n. غُنْيَةٌ, (S,) or ↓ غُنْيَةٌ is the subst., (Msb,) meaning ↓ استغنى

[He was sufficed by it, or was satisfied, or content, with it, so as to be in no need, or so as to be free from want, of it, i. e. of another thing]: and the epithet is ↓ غَنِىٌّ. (Msb.) And [in like manner] غَنِيَتِ المَرْأَةُ بِزَوْجِهَا (S, Msb, K) عَنْ غَيْرِهِ, (Msb,) inf. n. غُنْيَانٌ (S, K) and غَنَآءٌ also, (TA,) meaning ↓ اِسْتَغْنَت [The woman was satisfied, or content, with her husband, so as to have no want of other than him]. (S, K) And غَنِيَتْ [alone], (K, TA,) inf. n. غِنًا [for غِنًى, or perhaps a mistranscription for غَنَآءٌ, as in the next preceding sentence], She (a woman) was, or became, such as is termed غَانِيَةٌ [q. v. voce غَانٍ]. (K.) b2: غَنِىَ, (TK,) inf. n. غِنًى, (K, TK,) also signifies He married, or took a wife; [as also ↓ تغنّى; (see Ham p. 226 l. 1, where تَغَنَّتْ occurs said of a woman as meaning she married;)] syn. تَزَوَّجَ. (K, * TK. [In the K, only the inf. n. of the former verb in this sense is mentioned; الغِنَى being there expl. in some copies as signifying التَّزَوُّجُ; and in others, التَّزْوِيجُ.]) Hence the saying, الغِنَى حِصْنٌ لِلْعَزَبِ [Marriage is a bulwark to him who has no wife; protecting him from the attacks of seductive women by rendering him free from the want of them]: mentioned by Az. (TA.) b3: Also, غَنِىَ, (S, K,) inf. n. غِنًى, (TA,) He dwelt, or abode, (S, K,) بِالمَكَانِ in the place: (S:) or غَنِىَ القَوْمُ فِى دَارِهِمْ The people, or party, dwelt long in their place of abode: (T, TA:) or غَنِىَ فِى مَكَانِ كَذَا He dwelt long in such a place, satisfied, or content, therewith, so as to be in no need of any other. (Er-Rághib, TA.) كَأَنْ لَمْ يَغْنَوْا فِيهَا, in the Kur [vii. 90 and xi. 71 and 98], means As though they had not dwelt therein. (TA.) [See also the last sentence but two in this paragraph.] b4: and He lived; syn. عَاشَ. (S, K.) b5: And I. q.

بَقِىَ: (TA:) one says, غَنِيتُ لَكَ مِنِّى بِالمَوَدَّةِ, meaning بَقِيتُ [i. e. I remained, or have remained, constant to thee with my love, or affection]. (ISd, K, TA: in the CK [erroneously]

غَنَيْتُ.) b6: [And I. q. كَانَ.] قَدْ أَغْنَى الحَبِيبَ المُصَافِىَ, in a verse of Ibn-Mukbil, means أَكُونُ الحَبِيبَ [i. e. Certainly I will be, or shall be, the sincere friend]. (TA.) And غَنِيَتْ دَارُنَا تِهَامَةَ, (K, TA,) in a verse of another poet, (TA,) means كَانَتْ [i. e. Our place of abode was Tihámeh]. (K, TA.) And one says of a thing when it has perished, passed away, or come to nought, كَأَنْ لَمْ يَغْنَ بِالأَمْسِ, meaning كَأَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ [i. e. As though it had not been in existence yesterday]. (Az, TA.) A2: غَنِىَ also signifies لَقِىَ: (K:) [SM doubts this; saying,] thus in the copies; but perhaps it should be بَقِىَ, a signification of غَنِىَ accord. to ISd and the K [and mentioned above]: (TA:) [it appears, however, to be correct; for it is said that] مَا غَنِيتُ فُلَانًا means لَمْ أَلْقَهُ [i. e. I did not meet, or meet with, or find, or I have not met, &c., such a one]. (JK.) [Accord. to the TK, غَنِىَ followed by بِهِ signifies لَقِى: but this is perhaps said conjecturally.]2 غَنَّىَ see 4.

A2: غنّى, (S, MA, Msb,) inf. n. تَغْنِيَةٌ, (KL,) as syn. with ↓ تغنّى, (S, MA, Msb, *) He sang, or chanted, (S, * MA, KL;) or he trilled, or quavered, or prolonged his voice and modulated it sweetly, singing, or chanting. (Msb in explanation of the former.) You say غنّاهُ الشِّعْرَ [He sang, or chanted, to him the poetry], and غنّى بِهِ [he sang, or chanted, it, i. e., the poetry], inf. n. تَغْنِيَةٌ; and بِهِ ↓ تغنّى; تغنّى and غنّى

having one and the same meaning. (K, TA.) بِالقُرْآنِ ↓ يَتَغَنَّى, in a trad. cited in the first paragraph of art. اذن, means, as expl. by EshSháfi'ee, Reciting [or chanting] the Kur-án with a plaintive and gentle voice. (Az, Msb, TA. [See also that trad. somewhat differently related voce تَرَنَّمَ.]) b2: غنّى is also said of a pigeon, meaning It [cooed, or] uttered a cry; (K, TA;) and so ↓ تغنّى. (TA.) b3: غنّى بِالمَرْأَةِ meansتَغَزَّلَ بِهَا, (K, TA,) i. e. He mentioned the woman [in amatory language, as an object of love,] in his poetry: (TA:) and غنّى بِزَيْدٍ He eulogized Zeyd: or he satirized him: like ↓ تغنّى in these two senses: (K, TA:) in that of eulogizing and that of satirizing: or, in the opinion of ISd, both of the verbs are used in these two senses and likewise in the sense mentioned immediately before them; meaning that he did thus after prolonging and modulating his voice; singing, or chanting, the same, i. e. the غَزَل and the eulogy and the satire. (TA.) 3 غَاْنَىَ see غَنَآءٌ. [From what is there said, it seems that غاناهُ signifies He was in no need of him, or it; like غَنِىَ عَنْهُ and استغنى عنه: compare تَغَانَوْا.

A2: And app. it signifies also He spoke, or talked, to him, i. e. to a child, or boy, saying to him what was pleasing to him; for it is said that] المُغَانَاةُ means تَكْلِيمُكَ الصَّبِىَّ بِمَا يَهْوَى. (JK.) 4 اغناهُ He (i. e. God, S, K, TA, [but wanting in the CK and app. in several copies of the K,]) rendered him, or made him to be, in no need, or free from want; (S, * MA, K; *) [or in a state of competence, or sufficiency;] or possessed of wealth; (S, * K, * TA;) [or rich, or wealthy; (see 1, first sentence;)] and ↓ غنّاهُ signifies the same; (K, TA; [but wanting in the CK and app. in several copies of the K;]) or, as some say, this latter is [used] in prayer [app. as meaning he said to him, May God enrich thee, or the like: compare سَقَّيْتُهُ (“ I said to him, May God send down rain to thee ”), and عَقَّرْتُهُ (as expl. in art. عقر), &c.]. (TA.) [And اغناهُ عَنْ كَذَا He, or it, caused him to be in no need, or free from want, of such a thing. (See Ham p. 152.) and يُغْنِى عَنْ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ كَذَا It renders needless thy doing such a thing: lit. it causes that there shall be no need of thy doing such a thing.] b2: and اغنى عَنْهُ كَذَا Such a thing sufficed him; or stood him in stead: whence the saying in the Kur [lxix. 28], مَا أَغْنَىعَنِّى مَالِيَهْ [My property has not sufficed me, or stood me in stead]: and [in iii. 8 and lviii. 18 of the same,] لَنْ تُغْنِىَ عَنْهُمْ أَمْوَالُهُمْ [Their possessions will not suffice them in lieu of God]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or this last means, will not defend them from God, i. e. from his punishment. (Jel in iii. 8.) And ↓ أَغْنَيْتُ عَنْكَ مَغْنَى

فُلَانٍ and ↓ مَغْنَاتَهُ, (S, Msb, K, *) and ↓ مُغْنَى

فُلَانٍ and ↓ مُغْنَاتَهُ, (S, Mgh, K,) and فُلَانٍ ↓ غَنَآءَ, (K,) I sufficed, or satisfied, or contented, thee, or I have sufficed, &c., as such a one; or I stood thee, or served thee, or I have stood &c., in the stead of such a one. (S, * Mgh, Msb, K.) and مَا يُغْنِى عَنْكَ هٰذَا This does not suffice, or satisfy, or content, thee; or stand thee, or serve thee, in any stead; and does not avail, or profit, thee. (S.) Az mentions مَا أَغْنَى فُلَانٌ شَيْئًا, thus, and with ع, [i. e. أَعْنَى,] as meaning Such a one did not avail, or profit, at all, in a difficult, or an arduous, affair or case; and did not suffice for such an affair or such a case, or for the supply of what was necessary for subsistence. (Msb, TA.) And he says also that he heard a man chide his slave, and say to him, أَغْنِ عَنِّى وَجْهَكَ بَلْ شَرَّكَ, meaning Free me from, and avert from me, [thy face, nay, rather,] thy evil, or mischief: and hence the phrase شَأْنٌ يُغْنِيهِ, [respecting which see the second sentence in art. عنى,] in the Kur [lxxx. 37]. (TA.) [Hence also,] وَمَا أُغْنِى عَنْكُمْ مِنَ اللّٰهِ مِنْ شَىْءٍ, in the Kur xii. 67, means But I do not avert from you, by my saying this, anything decreed to befall you from God: the second من is redundant. (Jel.) And one says, أَغْنِ عَنِّى كَذَا, meaning Put thou away from me, and remove far from me, such a thing: properly [أَغْنِنِى عَنْ كَذَا, originally meaning render thou me in no need of such a thing,] a phrase of the same kind as عَرَضَ الدَّابَّةَ عَلَى المَآءِ [for عَرَضَ المَآءَ عَلَى الدَّابَّةِ]. (Mgh.) A2: أَغْنَى عَنْهُ as intrans.: see 1, former half.

A3: مَا أَغْنَاهُ [How free from wants, or how rich, or wealthy, is he!]: this and مَا أَفْقَرَهُ are [said to be] anomalous; for their [respective] verbs are استغنى and افتقر, from either of which the verb of wonder may not properly [or regularly] be formed. (S in art. فقر.

[But see غَنِىَ as syn. with استغنى; and see also art. فقر.]) 5 تَغَنَّىَ see 1, former half, in three places: b2: and again in the latter half: A2: and see also 2, in five places.6 تَغَاْنَىَ see 1, former half, in two places. b2: تَغَانُوْا means They were, or became, free from want, one of another, or, as we say, of one another. (S, K.) El-Mugheereh Ibn-Habnà says, عَنْ أَخِيهِ حَيَاتَهُ ↓ كِلَانَا غَنِىٌّ وَنَحْنُ إِذَا مُتْنَا أَشَدُّ تَغَانِيَا [Each of us is free from want of his brother in his life-time; and when we die, we shall be more free from such want]. (S.) 8 إِغْتَنَىَ see 1, second sentence.10 إِسْتَغْنَىَ see 1, in seven places.

A2: استغنى اللّٰهَ He asked, or begged, God to render him, or make him to be, in no need, or free from want; [or in a state of competence, or sufficiency;] or rich, or wealthy. (K, TA. [But wanting in the CK, and app. in several copies of the K.]) Hence the prayer, اَللّٰهُمَّ

إِنِّىَ أَسْتَغْنِيكَ عَنْ كُلِّ حَارِمٍ وَأَسْتَعِينُكَ [O God, I ask Thee to render me in no need of any one who refuses to give, and I beg thine aid]. (TA.) غَنًى, (K, TA,) with fet-h, and مَقْصُور, (TA,) i. q. مَئِنَّةٌ; so in the saying, مَكَانُ كَذَا غَنًى مِنْ فُلَانٍ [Such a place is meet, fit, or proper, for such a one; as though meaning a place of freedom from want]; as also مِنْهُ ↓ مَغْنًى. (K, TA.) غِنًى and ↓ غَنَآءٌ signify the same; (MA, K;) both are inf. ns. of غَنِىَ: (MA:) [see the first sentence of this art.: used as simple substs., they mean Freedom from need or want; competence, or sufficiency; or richness, or wealthiness:] or غِنًى is the inf. n. of غَنِىَ; (Msb;) and ↓ غَنَآءٌ signifies competence, or sufficiency; (Mgh, Msb;) as in the saying, لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ غَنَآءٌ He has not competence, or sufficiency: (Msb:) or غَنَآءٌ signifies profit, utility, or avail; (S;) and you say, رَجُلٌ لَا غَنَآءَ عِنْدَهُ meaning A man who is not profitable to any one: (TA voce دَدَانٌ; [and in like manner this phrase, occurring in the S voce دَدَانٌ, is expl. in the PS:]) and ↓ غُنْوَةٌ signifies the same as غِنًى

in the saying لِى عَنْهُ غُنْوَةٌ [I have no need of it, or him]: (K and TA in art. غنو:) so says Ks: but, as ISd says, the word commonly known is ↓ غُنْيَةٌ; (TA in that art.;) which see in two places in the former half of the first paragraph of this art.: this last word [said in the S to be an inf. n.] and ↓ غِنْيَةٌ and ↓ غُنْوَةٌ and ↓ غُنْيَانٌ [which is said in the S and in one place in the K to be an inf. n.] are substs. having one and the same meaning [syn. with غِنًى used as a simple subst.]: and مَا لَه عَنْهُ غِنًى [in the CK erroneously غَنًى] and ↓ غُنْيَةٌ and ↓ غُنْيَانٌ and ↓ مَغْنًى mean [lit. He has not freedom from need of it, or him; and hence,] he has not any means, or way, of separating himself from, or avoiding, it, or him; syn. بُدٌّ: (K:) and one says عَنِ ↓ فِى النِّكَاحِ غُنْيَةٌ السِّفَاحِ [In marriage is freedom from need of fornication]. (A and Msb in art. سفح.) مَا كَانَ عَنْ ظَهْرِ غِنًى, in a trad. respecting alms, means What is over and above that which suffices for the sustenance of the household, or family. (TA.) غُنْوَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

غُنْيَةٌ and غِنْيَةٌ: see غِنًى; the former in three places.

غُنْيَانٌ: see غِنًى, latter half, in two places.

غَنَآءٌ: see غِنًى, in two places; and see also 4, former half. A poet says, سَيُغْنِينِى الَّذِى أَغْنَاكَ عَنِّى

فَلَا فَقْرٌ يَدُومُ وَلَا غَنَآءُ [He will render me free from need who has rendered thee free from need of me: for poverty will not always continue, nor competence, or richness]: or, as some relate it, غِنَآءُ, meaning thereby the inf. n. of ↓ غَانَيْتُ: [see 3, above:] but it is said that the proper reading is غَنَآءُ; because this has no other meaning than that of غِنًى: so says ISd. (TA.) b2: مَا فِيهِ غَنَآءُ ذَاكَ means There is not in him [ability for] the setting-up of that, and strength, or power, to bear it, or carry it, or to raise it upon his back and rise with it. (ISd, K, TA.) غِنَآءٌ is an inf. n. of 3. (TA, [See the next preceding paragraph.]) A2: Also, (TA,) [Song, or vocal music; i. e.] an utterance of the voice with a prolonging and a sweet modulation thereof; (K, TA;) or a raising of the voice, and continuing it without interruption; (Nh, TA;) [a singing, and a chanting;] it is said in the S to be مِنَ السَّمَاعِ [meaning that it is a sort of musical performance]: (TA:) being an utterance of the voice, its analogical form would be with damm [i. e. غُنَآءٌ, like حُدَادٌ &c.]: (Msb, TA:) its pl. is أَغْنِيَةٌ: (MA:) [and ↓ مَغْنًى signifies the same as غِنَآءٌ; and a mode of singing; and any particular air, or tune; and a song, i. e. a composition in verse that is sung or to be sung: and its pl. is مَغَانٍ: but perhaps it is post-classical: the pl. occurs in the K, in art. نصب:] غِنَآءٌ [also] signifies [a song, i. e.] poetry, or verse, that is [sung, or chanted, or] uttered with a trilling, or quavering, or a prolonging and a sweet modulation, of the voice; (Har p. 286;) and ↓ أُغْنِيَّةٌ is syn. with غِنَآءٌ (S, Har) in this sense; (Har;) or, as also ↓ إِغْنِيَّةٌ, (Fr, K, TA,) and ↓ each of them also without teshdeed, (K, TA,) as mentioned by ISd, but said by him to be not of valid authority, (TA,) signifies a certain sort of غِنَآء (K, TA) which they sing or chant: (TA:) and the pl. is أَغَانِىُّ (S, TA) [and أَغَانٍ, this latter being the pl. of each sing. that is without teshdeed]. b2: الغِنَآء is also used by a poet in the place of an inf. n., meaning التَّغَنِّى: he says, تَغَنِّ بِالشِّعْرِ إِمَّا كُنْتَ قَائِلَهُ

إِنَّ الغِنَآءَ بهٰذَا الشِعْرِ مِضْمَارُ [Sing thou, or chant thou, the poetry, if thou be uttering it: verily the singing, or chanting, this poetry is a مضمار (expl. in art. ضمر)]. (TA.) غَنِىٌّ and ↓ غَانٍ: see 1, former half; each in two places: both signify [Free from want; or in a state of competence, or sufficiency; or rich, or wealthy; or] possessing much property or wealth: (K, * TA:) pl. of the former أَغْنِيَآءُ. (Msb, TA.) See an ex. of the former in a verse cited above, conj. 6. One says, أَنَا غَنِىٌّ بِكَذَا عَنْ غَيْرِهِ [I am sufficed by such a thing, or satisfied, or content, with it, so as to be free from want of another thing]. (Msb.) b2: الغَنِىُّ as a name of God signifies [The Self-sufficient; i. e.] He who has no need of any one in any thing. (TA.) غَنَّآءٌ A singer; (MA;) [as also ↓ مُغَنٍّ; and مُغَنِّيَةٌ a female singer, a songstress:] accord. to Ibn-Ya'eesh, a ↓ مُغَنٍّ is thus called لِأَنَّهُ يُغَنِّنُ صَوْتَهُ, i. e. because he makes his voice to have in it a غُنَّة [or sort of nasal sound, or twang]; the word being, in his opinion, originally, مُغَنِّنٌ, with three ن, the last of which is changed into ى, when one says المُغَنِّى, for the purpose of alleviating the utterance. (Mughnee, art. حَرْفُ النُّونِ.) غَانٍ: see غَنِىٌّ. b2: [The fem.] غَانِيَةٌ signifies A young woman who is sufficed by her husband; or satisfied, or content, with him, (S, Msb, TA, *) so as to be in no need, or free from want, of any other: (Msb:) and sometimes, also, applied to a woman, (S,) such as is sufficed by her beauty, (S, ISd, K, TA,) so as to be in no need of decoration (ISd, K, TA) with women's ornaments: (ISd, TA:) or such as is sought, or desired, by men, but does not seek, or desire: (ISd, K, * TA:) or such as has abode in the house, or tent, of her father and mother, and whom captivity (سِبَآء) has not befallen; (IJ, ISd, K, * TA;) which is the strangest of the explanations: (TA:) or such as is youthful and chaste, whether having a husband or not: (ISd, K, TA:) or, accord. to AO, one that is married: (Ham p. 226:) or, accord. to Az, such as pleases men, and is pleased by شَبَاب [which means both youthfulness and youths or young men]: (TA:) pl. غَوَانٍ; (K;) with the article, الغَوَانِى; [and also غَانِيَاتٌ: (see an ex. in a verse cited in the second paragraph of art. زج:)] in the saying of Ibn-Er-Rukeiyát, لَا بَارَكَ اللّٰهُ فِى الغَوَانِىِ هَلْ يُصْبِحْنَ إِلَّا لَهُنَّ مُطَّلَبُ [May God not bless those young women that are sufficed by their husbands, or by their beauty, &c.: do they enter upon the time of dawn without their having desire (lit. a time or place, meaning an occasion, of seeking, or desire) ?], the ى is made movent by a poetic license: (S, TA:) and another poet uses الغَوَانِ for الغَوَانِى. (TA.) أَغْنَآءٌ [a pl. of which the sing. is not mentioned,] The أَمْلَاكَات [meaning Goods and chattels, or paraphernalia,] of brides. (Az, K.) أُغْنِيَّةٌ and إِغْنِيَّةٌ, and each of them also without teshdeed: see غِنَآءٌ, latter half.

مَغْنًى: see 4, former half: b2: and غَنًى: b3: and غِنًى, near the end. b4: Also A place in which were its occupants, or inhabitants: (S:) or a place of abode by which its occupants, or inhabitants, were sufficed, or with which they were satisfied, or content, and from which they then departed, or removed: or in a general sense; (K, TA;) a place of abode, absolutely; but this seems to be a distinct application: (TA:) pl. مَغَانٍ; with the article, المَغَانِى. (S, TA.) A2: See also غِنَآءٌ.

مُغْنًى: see 4, former half.

مُغْنٍ [act. part. n. of 4,] A man sufficing, or satisfying, or contenting. (TA.) b2: المُغْنِى as a name of God signifies He who satisfies, or contents, whom He will, of his servants. (TA.) b3: And مُغْنِيَةٌ A woman who satisfies, or contents, her husband, so as to render him in no need of looking at other than her. (Har p. 451.) مَغْنَاةٌ and مُغْنَاةٌ: see 4, former half.

مُغَنٍّ; fem. مُغَنِّيَةٌ see غَنَّآءٌ, in two places.

طلم

1 طَلَمَ الخُبْزَةَ, (K,) aor. ـُ (TK,) inf. n. طَلْمٌ, (TA,) He made the cake of bread even, or equable. (K.) 2 طلّم, inf. n. تَطْلِيمٌ, He beat a cake of bread baked in hot ashes with his hand, (K, TA) in order that it might become cool. (TA.) Hence the saying of Hassán.

تَظَلُّ جِيَادُنَا مُتَمَطِّرَاتٍ

يُطَلِّمُهُنَّ بِالخُمُرِ النِّسَآءُ (K, * TA:) or, as some relate it, يُلَطِّمُهُنَّ; but this is weak, or repudiated: (K:) or this is the correct reading, and the more obviously appropriate in meaning, accord. to MF; and accord. to IAth, it is the reading commonly known, and the same as the former in meaning: (TA:) the meaning is, [Our coursers passing the day running like the pouring of rain,] the women wiping the sweat from them with the mufflers: (K, TA:) or, as some say, [the women with the mufflers] beating them with the hands in removing the dust that was upon them. (TA.) طُلْمٌ A table upon which the bread is expanded [previously to the baking]. (K.) طَلَمٌ Dirt of the teeth in consequence of neglect [of the use] of the سِوَاك [or tooth-stick]. (K.) طُلْمَةٌ A خُبْزَة, (S, K, TA,) [i. e. a cake of bread, or lump of dough,] baked in hot ashes in a hollow in the ground; what people [now] call a مَلَّة; but this is the name of the hollow itself: what is baked in this is [properly called] the طُلْمَة and خُبْزَة and مَلِيل: (S, TA:) pl. طُلَمٌ. (L, TA.) It is said in a prov., إِنَّ دُونَ الطَّلْمَةِ خَرْطَ قَتَادِ هُوْبَرَ (Meyd, TA) [i. e. Before the attainment of the cake of bread baked in hot ashes is the stripping of the leaves, by grasping each branch and drawing the hand down it, of the tragacanth of Howbar]: the طُلْمَة is the cake of bread that is put in hot ashes; and Howbar is a place abounding with the tragacanth: the prov. is applied in relation to a thing that is unattainable. (Meyd.) طُلَّامٌ The [tree called] تَنُّوم [q. v.]; which is [erroneously said to be] hemp-seed (حَبُّ الشَّهْدَانِجِ). (K.) مِطْلَمَةٌ The implement with which bread is expanded. (KL.) طلو and طلى 1 طَلَوْتُ الطّلَا, (S, TA,) or الطَّلِىَّ, aor. ـْ (TA;) and طَلَيْتُهُ, (S, K, TA,) aor. ـْ inf. n. طَلْىٌ; (TA;) I tied the young lamb or kid, (S, K, * TA,) by its leg, (S, TA,) to a peg, or stake; (TA;) and confined, restrained, or withheld, it. (S.) And طَلَيْتُ الشَّىْءَ I confined, restrained, or withheld, the thing. (S, K, * TA.) A2: طَلَيْتُهُ بِهِ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـْ (Msb,) inf. n. طَلْىٌ, (S, Msb,) I daubed, bedaubed, smeared, or besmeared, it; (Mgh;) [rubbed, or did, it over; anointed, painted, varnished, plastered, coated, overspread, or overlaid, it; with it; i. e. with any fluid, semifluid, liniment, unguent, or the like; as, for instance,] with oil, (S,) or tar, (Mgh,) or clay, or mud, (Msb,) &c. (S, Mgh, Msb.) You say, طَلَى البَعِيرَ الهِنَآءَ, and بِالهِنَآءِ, [the latter of which is the more common,] aor. ـْ (K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He daubed, bedaubed, smeared, or besmeared, the camel with tar; as also ↓ طلّاهُ, [but app. in an intensive sense, or relating to several objects,] (K, TA,) inf. n. تَطْلِيَةٌ. (TA.) [And طَلَاهُ بِالذَّهَبِ He gilded it. And طَلَاهُ بِالفِضَّةِ He silvered it.] b2: Hence, طَلَى اللَّيْلُ الآفَاقَ (tropical:) The night covered [with its darkness] the adjacent regions, or the tracts of the horizon; like as when a camel is daubed with tar. (TA.) b3: And طَلَى, aor. ـْ (assumed tropical:) He reviled [another], or vilified [him]; (TA;) as also ↓ طلّى, (K, * TA,) inf. n. تَطْلِيَةٌ; (K;) or تَطْلِيَةٌ signifies the reviling, or vilifying, in a foul manner. (IAar, TA.) b4: And طَلَى

البَقْلُ (assumed tropical:) The herbs, or leguminous plants, appeared upon the surface of the earth [as though they overspread it with a coating of colour]. (TA.) A3: طَلِىَ فُوهُ, aor. ـْ inf. n. طَلًا, His mouth had a yellowness in the teeth. (S, TA.) طَلًا [in relation to the mouth but in a somewhat different sense] is mentioned in the K in art. طلو and not in art. طلى; but it belongs to both of these. (TA.) 2 1َ2َّ3َ see the preceding paragraph, in two places. b2: طَلَّيْتُ فُلَانًا, (S,) inf. n. تَطْلِيَةٌ, (S, K,) signifies also I tended, or took care of, such a one in his sickness; undertook, or managed, or superintended, the treatment of him therein. (S, K, * TA.) A2: And التَّطْلِيَةُ also signifies The act of singing. (AA, K.) 4 اطلت She (a wild animal) had with her a young one, which is termed طَلًا. (IKtt, TA.) A2: اطلى (said of a man, S, TA, and of a camel, TA) He had an inclining of the neck (S, K, TA) towards one side when said of a man, (TA,) on the occasion of death, (S, K, TA,) or on some other occasion. (S, TA.) b2: Hence, (IAth, TA,) مَا أَطْلَى نَبِىٌّ قَطُّ, (K, TA,) occurring in a trad., (TA,) means مَا مَالَ إِلَى هَوَاهُ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) No prophet ever inclined to his natural desire]: (K, TA:) as some relate it, مَا اطَّلَى; but this is a mistake. (TA.) 5 تطلّى: see 8. b2: Also, (said of a man, TA,) He kept to diversion, sport, or play, and mirth. (K, TA.) 8 اِطَّلَى, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) and ↓ تطلّى, (S, K,) [He, or it, was, or became, daubed, bedaubed, smeared, or besmeared; rubbed, or done, over; anointed, painted, varnished, plastered, coated, overspread, or overlaid: or] he daubed, &c., himself: (S, * Mgh, Msb, K: *) بِهِ [with it]; (S, K;) i. e. [with any fluid, semifluid, liniment, unguent, or the like; as, for instance,] with oil, (S,) or tar, (Mgh, K,) or clay, or mud, (Msb,) &c. (S, Mgh, Msb.) 12 اِطْلَوْلَى He was good in speech: A2: and He was defeated, or put to flight. (IAar, TA in art. خلى.) طَلًا The young one of any of the cloven-hoofed animals: (S, TA: [in the latter of which is added, as from the S, وَالخُفِّ; but this is app. a mistake:]) or the young one of the gazelle, when just born: (M, Msb, K: [see شَصَرٌ:]) and the youngling, of any kind; as also ↓ طَلْوٌ; (K, TA;) which latter is mentioned by IDrd; but expl. by him as meaning the young one of a wild animal: (TA:) and ↓ طِلْوَةٌ has this last meaning (K, TA) likewise accord. to IDrd: (TA:) the pl. [of pauc.] of طَلًا is أَطْلَآءٌ (S, Msb, K) and [of mult.] طِلَآءٌ (K) and طُلِيٌّ (K, TA, but omitted in the CK) and طِلِىٌّ (Lth, TA) and طُلْيَانٌ (K) and طِلْيَانٌ. (Lth, K.) [See also طَلِىٌّ.]

b2: [And, accord. to Freytag (in art. طلى), An infant until a month old or more: but for this he has named no authority.]

A2: And The person; syn. شَخْصٌ. (S, K.) So in the saying, إِنَّهُ لَجَمِيلُ الطَّلَا [Verily he is goodly, or comely, in person]. (S.) A3: Also Daubed, or smeared, (↓ مَطْلِىٌّ,) with tar. (S, K.) [See also طَلْيَآءُ.]

b2: And A man having a severe disease: (K, TA:) having no dual nor pl., or, as some say, (TA,) the pl. is أَطْلَآءٌ, and the dual is طَلَيَانِ. (K, TA.) [See also مُطَلًّى.]

A4: And Desire; syn. هَوًى. (K, TA.) So in the saying, قَضَى

طَلَاهُ مِنْ حَاجَتِهِ [He accomplished his desire of that which he wanted]. (K, TA.) [Or, as Freytag says, on the authority of the Deewán of the Hudhalees, accord. to some it signifies Pleasure (voluptas): and accord. to others, thirst. But see طِلًا.] b2: See also طُلَاوَةٌ, in two places.

A5: And see also طِلَآء, last sentence.

طِلًا Pleasure, or delight. (K.) A2: See also طِلَآءٌ.

طَلْوٌ: see طَلًا, first sentence.

طِلْوٌ The wolf. (K.) b2: And A hunter, or pursuer of wild animals or the like, slender in body: (Aboo-Sa'eed, K, TA: [in the CK, القابِضُ is erroneously put for القَانِصُ:]) said to be [so called as being] likened to the wolf. (Aboo-Sa'eed, TA.) Et-Tirimmáh says, صَادَفَتْ طِلْواً طَوِيلَ الطَّوَى

حَافِظَ العَيْنِ قَلِيلَ السَّآمْ [She, or they, (app. referring to one or more of the objects of the chase,) encountered a hunter slender in body, a long endurer of hunger, one whom sleep did not overcome, little, or seldom, subject to disgust]. (Aboo-Sa'eed, TA.) A2: See also طِلَآءٌ, last sentence.

طُلَاةٌ (S, K, TA) accord. to AA and Fr, (S, TA,) and so says Sb on the authority of Abu-lKhattáb, (TA,) or ↓ طُلْيَةٌ (S, K, TA) accord. to As, (S, TA,) each with damm, (TA,) is sing. of طُلًا or طُلًى; which signifies Necks: (S, K:) or the bases of the necks: (M, K:) or the broad part [or parts] beneath the protuberant bone behind the ear: or, accord. to ISk, the sides of the neck: Sb says that طُلَاةٌ and طُلًا are of the class of رُطَبَةٌ, and رُطَبٌ, not of the class of تَمْرَةٌ and تَمْرٌ: (TA:) [but see art. رطب, in which it is said, as on the authority of Sb, that رُطَبٌ is not a broken pl. of رُطَبَةٌ, being masc. like تَمْرٌ:] ↓ طُلْوَةٌ, also, signifies the side of the neck, as a dial. var. of [طُلَاةٌ or of] طُلْيَةٌ. (TA.) طُلْوَةٌ The whiteness of the dawn, (K, TA,) and of blossoms, or flowers. (TA.) A2: See also طُلَاةٌ.

طِلْوَةٌ: see طَلًا: A2: and see also طِلآءٌ, last sentence.

طَلْيَةٌ A single act of daubing or smearing or the like: pl. طَلَيَاتٌ. (Mgh.) b2: See also طِلَآءٌ, last sentence.

طُلْيَةٌ: see طُلَاةٌ.

A2: Also A portion, tuft, or wisp, of wool, with which mangy camels are daubed [with tar]; also called رِبْذَةٌ: whence the saying, مَا يُسَاوِى طُلْيَةً [It is not worth a طلية]. (TA.) b2: See also طَلْيَآءُ. b3: And see طِلَآءٌ, last sentence.

طَلْيَآءُ A she-camel daubed, or smeared, (↓ مَطْلِيَّةٌ, K, TA,) with tar. (TA.) [See also طَلًا.] b2: And A mangy she-camel: (K:) app. so called because the she-camel is not daubed, or smeared, [with tar] unless mangy. (TA.) b3: And The rag of a menstruous woman: (K, TA:) whence the prov., أَهْوَنُ مِنَ الطَّلْيَآءِ [More despicable than the طلياء]: or, accord. to IAar, this is called ↓ طُلْيَةٌ. (TA.) b4: [In some copies of the K, this word is erroneously put for طَلِيَّا, q. v.]

طُلَوَآءُ: see طُلْوَانٌ.

A2: Also [The green substance that overspreads stale water, called]

طُحْلُب; and so ↓ طُلَاوَةٌ. (Sgh, TA.) طَلْوَانٌ: see طُلَاوَةٌ.

طُلْوَانٌ and ↓ طَلَوَانٌ and ↓ طُلَوَآءُ [or app. the last only accord. to some copies of the K] Expectation: and slowness, or tardiness; as also ↓ طَلَاوَةٌ, (K, TA,) with fet-h. (TA.) See also طُلَاوَةٌ.

طَلَوَانٌ: see the next preceding paragraph: and see also طُلَاوَةٌ.

طِلْيَانٌ: see طَلِىٌّ.

طَلَيَانٌ: see طُلَاوَةٌ.

طُلَآءٌ The coat upon the surface of blood. (K.) [See also طُلَاوَةٌ. And see طُلَّآءٌ.]

طِلَآءٌ Tar: and anything (S, Mgh, Msb, K) of the like kind (Mgh, Msb) with which one daubs or smears or the like; [i. e. any fluid, semifluid, liniment, unguent, oil, varnish, plaster, or the like, with which a thing is daubed, smeared, rubbed or done over, anointed, painted, varnished, plastered, coated, overspread, or overlaid;] (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ طُلَاوَةٌ, which by rule should be ↓ طُلَايَةٌ, for it is from طَلَيْتُ. (TA, in which طُلَايَةٌ is afterwards mentioned as having the same meaning.) b2: And, as being likened thereto, (assumed tropical:) Any thick beverage or wine: (Mgh:) expressed juice of grapes cooked until the quantity of two thirds has gone by evaporation; (S, A, Mgh;) called by the Persians مَيْبُخْتَج [or مَىْ

پُخْتَه]; called by the Arabs طِلَآء as being likened to tar: (A, Mgh: *) or thick expressed juice, or wine, cooked until half of it has gone: (K:) in a verse of Ibn-Sukkarah, shortened to ↓ طِلًا, for the sake of the metre. (Har p. 302.) b3: and (assumed tropical:) Wine [in an absolute sense] (S, K) is thus called by some of the Arabs, for the purpose of euphemism. (S.) 'Obeyd Ibn-El-Abras said to El-Mundhir when he [the latter] desired to slay him, هِىَ الخَمْرُ تُكْنَى الطِّلَآءَ كَمَا الذِّئْبُ يُكْنَى أَبَا جعْدَةَ [It is wine: it is surnamed الطلآء like as the wolf is surnamed ابو جعدة]: i. e. thou pretendest to show honour to me while desiring to slay me; like the wolf, whose acting is not good though his surname is good: (S:) or, as cited by IKt, عَنِ الخَمْرِ تَكْنِى الطِّلَآءَ: and in the M, هَىِ الخَمْرُ يَكْنُونَهَا بِالٰطِّلَآءِ [forming a hemistich; the words كَمَا الذِّئْبُ الخ, cited above, completing the verse]. (TA.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) The ashes between the three stones upon which the cooking-pot is placed: so called by way of comparison [to tar]. (TA.) b5: And Pure silver. (TA.) b6: And (assumed tropical:) Revilement, or reproach. (K.) A2: Also The cord with which the leg of the lamb, or kid, is tied (S, K) to a peg, or stake; (S;) and so ↓ طِلْوٌ and ↓ طِلْوَةٌ: (TA:) or the string with which the leg of the kid is tied as long as he is little; (Lh, TA;) and so ↓ طُلْيَةٌ and ↓ طَلْيَةٌ and ↓ طَلًى [or طَلًا]. (TA.) طَلِىٌّ Confined, restrained, or withheld; [and particularly tied by the leg, as is shown by what follows;] as also ↓ مَطْلِىٌّ. (S. b2: And A young lamb or kid: (ISk, S, K:) so called because it is tied by the leg for some days to a peg, or stake: (ISk, S:) pl. طُلْيَانٌ; like رُغْفَانٌ, (ISk, S, K,) pl. of رَغِيفٌ: (ISk, S:) it is thus pluralized like a subst. because it is an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant. (AAF, TA.) [See also طَلًا.] b3: [Hence الطَّلِىُّ meaning (assumed tropical:) The sign of Aries: see an ex. voce حَمَلٌ.]

A2: Also A yellowness in the teeth; and so ↓ طِلْيَانٌ: like صَبِىٌّ and صِبْيَانٌ [in form]. (S.) [See also طُلَاوَةٌ.]

طَلَاوَةٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places: A2: and see also طُلْوَانٌ.

طُلَاوَةٌ, and ↓ طَلَاوَةٌ, (Az, S, ISd, Msb, K,) the former preferred by Az, (TA, and this, only, mentioned in the Mgh,) and ↓ طِلَاوَةٌ, (K,) Beauty, goodliness, grace, comeliness, or pleasingness: (Az, * ISd, * S, Mgh, Msb, * K:) ISd says, it is in that which has growth and that which has not growth. (TA.) One says, عَلَيْهِ طُلَاوَةٌ [Upon him, or it, is an appearance of beauty, &c.]. (Msb.) and مَا عَلَيْهِ طُلَاوَةٌ [There is not upon him, or it, &c.]. (S.) And إِنَّ لِلْقُرْآنِ لَطُلَاوَةً [Verily to the Kur-án pertains beauty, &c.]. (Mgh, from a trad.) and مَاعَلَى وَجْهِهِ حَلَاوَةٌ وَلَا طُلَاوَةٌ [There is not upon his face an appearance of sweetness nor an appearance of beauty, &c.]. (TA.) b2: Also, (K,) or the first, with damm, (TA,) Enchantment, or fascination: (K:) a meaning mentioned by ISd. (TA.) A2: And (the first, TA) The thin skin that overspreads the surface of milk, (T, ISd, K, TA,) as also ↓ طُلَايَةٌ, (Kr, TA,) or of blood. (ISd, K, TA. [See also طُلَآءٌ.]) b2: And Remains of food in the mouth. (Lh, K, TA.) b3: And Saliva becoming dry (K, TA) and thick (TA) in the mouth, by reason of some accident, (K, TA,) or, as in the M, from thirst, (TA,) or disease; (K, TA;) the first and ↓ second have this meaning; (TA;) as also ↓ طَلًا (K) [and app. ↓ طُلْوَانٌ and ↓ طَلَوَانٌ also accord. to the copies of the K followed in the TA; but see طُلْوَنٌ above]: it is also said that ↓ طَلْوَانٌ, with fet-h, signifies saliva becoming dry upon the teeth from hunger; and has no pl.: ↓ طَلًا is the inf. n. of طَلِىَ فُوهُ: and signifies also a whiteness that comes upon the teeth from disease or thirst; and so ↓ طَلَيَانٌ. (TA.) [See also طَلِىٌّ.] b4: For other meanings of طُلَاوَةٌ, see طُلَوَآءُ, b5: and طِلَآءٌ. b6: It signifies also A small quantity of herbage or pasture. (TA.) طِلَاوَةٌ: see طُلَاوَةٌ, first sentence.

طُلَايَةٌ: see طِلَآءٌ: b2: and see also طُلَاوَةٌ.

طَلِيَّا, thus correctly, as written by Sgh in the TS, not, as in the copies of the K, طَلْيَا [or طَلْيَآء], (TA,) The mange, or scab. (K, TA.) And A certain purulent pustule, [or eruption,] resembling the قُوبَآء [or ringworm], (K, TA,) that comes forth in a man's side; whereupon one says to him, “It is only قوبآء, and not طليّا; ” thus making light of it to him. (TA.) طُلَّى A draught of milk: (K:) but this is of the measure فُعْلَى, belonging to art. طل. (TA. [See طُلَّةٌ in that art.]) طَلَّآءٌ A seller of the thickened juice called طِلَآء. (MA.) طُلَّآءٌ Blood, (A'Obeyd, S, K, TA,) itself; applied to that of a slain person: or, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, a thing [or fluid] that comes forth after the flow of the blood, differing from blood in colour, on the occasion of the exit of the soul of the slaughtered animal: and the blood with which one daubs, or smears. (TA.) [See also طُلَآءٌ.]

طَالٍ A water to which camels come to drink overspread with [the green substance called] طُحْلُب [and طُلَوَآء]. (K, TA.) b2: And (tropical:) A dark night: (AA, K, TA:) as though it smeared [with tar] the forms, or persons, of men, and obscured them. (AA, TA.) مِطْلًى: see what next follows.

مِطْلَآءٌ (S, K) and ↓ مِطْلًى (K) A narrow tract of ground in which water flows: (K:) or soft ground that gives growth to the trees called عِضَاه, (as in the S and in some copies of the K,) or غَضًا: (so in other copies of the K and in copies of the T and M:) and المَطَالِى, which is the pl. [of the latter, or المَطَالِىُّ pl. of the former], signifies the soft places: (TA:) or the places in which the wild animals feed their younglings: (S, K, TA:) so it is said. (S.) مَطْلِىٌّ: see طَلِىٌّ: A2: see also طَلًا; and see the fem., with ة, voce طَلْيَآءُ. b2: [Hence,] أَمْرٌ مَطْلِىٌّ (assumed tropical:) A dubious and obscure affair, or case: as though it were smeared over with that which involved it. (TA.) b3: And عُودٌ مَطْلِىٌّ (assumed tropical:) A stick, or rod, or branch, not stript of the peel or bark. (TA.) مُطَلًّى Having a constant, or chronic, disease, (K, TA,) and bent thereby. (TA.) [See also طَلًا.] b2: And Imprisoned without hope of liberation. (K.)

(ك ف ر) : (الْكَفْرُ) فِي الْأَصْلِ السَّتْرُ يُقَالُ كَفَرَهُ وَكَفَّرَهُ إذَا سَتَرَهُ (وَمِنْهُ) الْحَدِيثُ فِي ذِكْرِ الْجِهَادِ هَلْ ذَلِكَ مُكَفِّرٌ عَنْهُ خَطَايَاهُ يَعْنِي هَلْ يُكَفِّرُ الْقَتْلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ذُنُوبَهُ فَقَالَ «نَعَمْ إلَّا الدَّيْنَ» أَيْ إلَّا ذَنْبَ الدَّيْنِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا بُدَّ مِنْ قَضَائِهِ وَالْكَفَّارَةِ مِنْهُ لِأَنَّهَا تُكَفِّرُ الذَّنْبَ (وَمِنْهَا) كَفَّرَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَأَمَّا كَفَّرَ يَمِينَهُ فَعَامِّيٌّ (وَالْكَافُورُ) و (الْكُفَرَّى) بِضَمِّ الْكَافِ وَفَتْحِ الْفَاءِ وَتَشْدِيدِ الرَّاءِ كِمُّ النَّخْلِ لِأَنَّهُ يَسْتُرُ مَا فِي جَوْفِهِ (وَالْكُفْرُ) اسْمٌ شَرْعِيٌّ وَمَأْخَذُهُ مِنْ هَذَا أَيْضًا (وَأَكْفَرَهُ) دَعَاهُ كَافِرًا (وَمِنْهُ) لَا تُكَفِّرْ أَهْلَ قِبْلَتِكَ وَأَمَّا لَا تُكَفِّرُوا أَهْلَ قِبْلَتِكُمْ فَغَيْرُ ثَبَتٍ رِوَايَةً وَإِنْ كَانَ جَائِزًا لُغَةً قَالَ الْكُمَيْتُ يُخَاطِبُ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَكَانَ شِيعِيًّا
وَطَائِفَةٌ قَدْ أَكْفَرُونِي بِحُبِّكُمْ ... وَطَائِفَةٌ قَالُوا مُسِيءٌ وَمُذْنِبُ
وَيُقَالُ أَكْفَرَ فُلَانًا صَاحِبُهُ إذَا أَلْجَأَهُ بِسُوءِ الْمُعَامَلَةِ إلَى الْعِصْيَانِ بَعْدَ الطَّاعَةِ (وَمِنْهُ) حَدِيثُ عُمَرَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - وَلَا تَمْنَعُوهُمْ حُقُوقَهُمْ فَتُكَفِّرُوهُمْ يُرِيدُ فَتُوقِعُوهُمْ فِي الْكُفْرِ لِأَنَّهُمْ رُبَّمَا ارْتَدُّوا عَنْ الْإِسْلَامِ إذَا مُنِعُوا الْحَقَّ (وَكَافَرَنِي) حَقِّي جَحَدَهُ (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْلُ عَامِرٍ إذَا أَقَرَّ عِنْدَ الْقَاضِي بِشَيْءٍ ثُمَّ كَافَرَ (وَأَمَّا) قَوْلُ مُحَمَّدٍ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - رَجُلٌ لَهُ عَلَى آخَرَ دَيْنٌ فَكَافَرَهُ بِهِ سِنِينَ فَكَأَنَّهُ ضَمَّنَهُ مَعْنَى الْمُمَاطَلَةِ فَعَدَّاهُ تَعْدِيَتَهُ (وَقَوْلُهُ) - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - «إذَا أَصْبَحَ ابْنُ آدَمَ كَفَّرَتْ جَمِيعُ أَعْضَائِهِ لِلْقَلْبِ» فَالصَّوَابُ اللِّسَانُ أَيْ تَوَاضَعَتْ مِنْ تَكْفِيرِ الذِّمِّيِّ وَالْعِلْجِ لِلْمَلِكِ وَهُوَ أَنْ يُطَأْطِئَ رَأْسَهُ وَيَنْحَنِيَ وَاضِعًا يَدَهُ عَلَى صَدْرِهِ تَعْظِيمًا لَهُ وَلَفْظُ الْحَدِيثِ لِأَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ مَوْقُوفًا كَمَا قَرَأْتُهُ فِي الْفَائِقِ «إذَا أَصْبَحَ ابْن آدَمَ فَإِنَّ الْأَعْضَاءَ كُلَّهَا تُكَفِّرُ لِلِّسَانِ» الْحَدِيثَ (وَالْكَفْرُ) الْقَرْيَةُ (وَمِنْهُ) قَوْلُ مُعَاوِيَةَ أَهْلُ الْكُفُورِ هُمْ أَهْلُ الْقُبُورِ وَالْمَعْنَى أَنَّ سُكَّانَ الْقُرَى بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمَوْتَى لَا يُشَاهِدُونَ الْأَمْصَارَ وَالْجُمَعَ (وَلَا نَكْفُرُكَ) فِي (ق ن) .

كفر: لا يقال درعه فحسب بل كفر على درعه (حيان 55).
كفر: ارتد، خرج (من دينه)، انسحب (من حزبه) (بوشر).
كفر: أرغى، وأزبد، تذمر بشدة، جدّف (بوشر).
كفّر: انظر عند (فوك) في مادة discredere: حمله على الكفر (محيط المحيط، معجم التنبيه، والكامل 127، 4، 562، 611، 12 وعبد الواحد 124، 1 وهلال 41 وباين سميث 1799).
كفّر يمينه: عامبية وفصيحها كفّر عن يمينه (انظر الهامش المتقدم أي 252) (معجم الجغرافيا).
كفّر: كفّرتني: جعلتني أكفر (بوشر).
أكفر: أكفر فلاناً جعله كافراً (عباد 1، 255). (انظر الهامش السابق).
تكفّر: انظرها عند (فوك) في مادة Satisfacere.
كَفْر عامية كَفَر: القرية والعامة تفتح الفاء أيضاً (محيط المحيط). (وفي وصف مصر 72:12): القرية تتألف من كفور متعددة.
كفر اليهودي= قفر: قار، إسفلت (معجم الأسبانية 32).
كُفر. الكفر= بلاد الكفر (المقري 1، 92).
كفّر؟ انظر مكفّر.
كفّر يهودي: قار، إسفلت (الكالا).
كفرة: (سريانية) جفنة تصنع من قماش مشبك يحيط أغصان النخيل بعد أن يطلى بالقار (بار علي 4814، باين سميث 1802).
كُفّارة: (سريانية: كوفارة): منشفة، منديل (بار علي 4656، باين سميث 1799).
كَفّارة: توبة، ندم، عقوبة يفرضها الكاهن مقابل الإثم (بوشر).
كافر: مرتد، جاحد، مارق (بوشر).
كافر: جمعها كفرا: مراءٍ، لئيم، متظاهر بالتقوى (بوشر).
كافر: في نويبا يطلق هذا الاسم على الجُعل (الجعران) (بركهات نويبا23).
كافر: الدروع: ثوب يلبس على الزند (الزمخشري: الأساس).
كافور: في الشعر والإنشاء الرفيع يطلق الكافور على بياض. كقولهم كافور الصبح أو الصباح (بياض الفجر كالكافور) (عبد الواحد 80، 7 المقري 1، 445) مسك المداد وكافور القراطيس (المقري 3، 31).
كافور: عصفة الخمر، شميم الخمر، وعطرها (أنظر في مادة مزاج).
الكافور اليهودي: واسمه باللاتينية Laurus Camphora ( ابن البيطار 1، 509).
كافور الكعك: zedorir ( سانك). كافورة: camphree ( اسم نبات) (بوشر)؛ (أعتقد إنه النبات نفسه، أو ما يقرب منه، الذي يطلق عليه Camphorata Monspeliensis) هذا ما ورد في ترجمة (لين) لألف ليلة 641:3. انظر (باجني) أيضاً (ص197).
كافوري: بياض كالفور (المقري 439:2)؛ شمع كافوري: شمع أبيض (بوشر).
كافوري: نعت لنوع من أنواع المشمش والخوخ (معجم الجغرافيا).
كافوريّة: أقحوان (جمع أقاح): Parthenium ( ابن البيطار 1، 73) وهي عند (شيرب) و (رولاند) تسمى chrysantheme = أقحوان.
تكفير: جحود، ارتداد (هيلو).
تكفيري: استغفاري (بوشر).
مُكفّر: (الكلمة مكتوبة من دون حركة وغير مشكّلة) هي باللاتينية Edia؛ وقد قرأها (سكاليجر) بهذا الشكل إلا إنه أضاف إليها نجمة (علامة قطبية) مما يدل على إن معناها كان غامضاً لديه جعلها غامضة لدي أيضاً.
مُكفّر، مكفر اليمين: (أصبح في حل من يمينه) (الكالا).
( Suelto de Juramento) .
مُكفّر: مكوّن من (الكافور) (معجم المنصوري).
مُكفَّر: قصيدة لا تحتوي على غير الحكم والنصائح (الجريدة الآسيوية 2:1849، 249).
الكَفّر: (الجريدة الآسيوية 2:1839، 164) يبدو إنها من خطأ الطباعة.
المكَفّر: معناه بالأسبانية: معول صغير، مَغرس معزق (انظر معجم الأسبانية 167).
والكلمة، وفقاً لموريسك ألونزو دل كاستيلو هي بالعربية (المُكَفَّر) (سيمونيه).
مُكَوفر: كافور (بوشر) الشمع المكوفر (ألف ليلة، برسل2، 48 و10 98) (ماكني شمع الكافور).

كفر
الكُفْرُ في اللّغة: ستر الشيء، ووصف الليل بِالْكَافِرِ لستره الأشخاص، والزّرّاع لستره البذر في الأرض، وليس ذلك باسم لهما كما قال بعض أهل اللّغة لمّا سمع:
ألقت ذكاء يمينها في كافر
والْكَافُورُ: اسم أكمام الثّمرة التي تَكْفُرُهَا، قال الشاعر:
كالكرم إذ نادى من الكَافُورِ
وكُفْرُ النّعمة وكُفْرَانُهَا: سترها بترك أداء شكرها، قال تعالى: فَلا كُفْرانَ لِسَعْيِهِ [الأنبياء/ 94] . وأعظم الكُفْرِ: جحود الوحدانيّة أو الشريعة أو النّبوّة، والكُفْرَانُ في جحود النّعمة أكثر استعمالا، والكُفْرُ في الدّين أكثر، والكُفُورُ فيهما جميعا قال: فَأَبَى الظَّالِمُونَ إِلَّا كُفُوراً
[الإسراء/ 99] ، فَأَبى أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ إِلَّا كُفُوراً [الفرقان/ 50] ويقال منهما: كَفَرَ فهو كَافِرٌ. قال في الكفران: لِيَبْلُوَنِي أَأَشْكُرُ أَمْ أَكْفُرُ وَمَنْ شَكَرَ فَإِنَّما يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ رَبِّي غَنِيٌّ كَرِيمٌ [النمل/ 40] ، وقال: وَاشْكُرُوا لِي وَلا تَكْفُرُونِ
[البقرة/ 152] ، وقوله:
وَفَعَلْتَ فَعْلَتَكَ الَّتِي فَعَلْتَ وَأَنْتَ مِنَ الْكافِرِينَ
[الشعراء/ 19] أي: تحرّيت كفران نعمتي، وقال: لَئِنْ شَكَرْتُمْ لَأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ وَلَئِنْ كَفَرْتُمْ إِنَّ عَذابِي لَشَدِيدٌ
[إبراهيم/ 7] ولمّا كان الكفران يقتضي جحود النّعمة صار يستعمل في الجحود، قال: وَلا تَكُونُوا أَوَّلَ كافِرٍ بِهِ
[البقرة/ 41] أي: جاحد له وساتر، والكَافِرُ على الإطلاق متعارف فيمن يجحد الوحدانيّة، أو النّبوّة، أو الشريعة، أو ثلاثتها، وقد يقال: كَفَرَ لمن أخلّ بالشّريعة، وترك ما لزمه من شكر الله عليه. قال: مَنْ كَفَرَ فَعَلَيْهِ كُفْرُهُ
[الروم/ 44] يدلّ على ذلك مقابلته بقوله: وَمَنْ عَمِلَ صالِحاً فَلِأَنْفُسِهِمْ يَمْهَدُونَ [الروم/ 44] ، وقال: وَأَكْثَرُهُمُ الْكافِرُونَ [النحل/ 83] ، وقوله: وَلا تَكُونُوا أَوَّلَ كافِرٍ بِهِ [البقرة/ 41] أي: لا تكونوا أئمّة في الكفر فيقتدى بكم، وقوله: وَمَنْ كَفَرَ بَعْدَ ذلِكَ فَأُولئِكَ هُمُ الْفاسِقُونَ [النور/ 55] عني بالكافر السّاتر للحقّ، فلذلك جعله فاسقا، ومعلوم أنّ الكفر المطلق هو أعمّ من الفسق، ومعناه: من جحد حقّ الله فقد فسق عن أمر ربّه بظلمه. ولمّا جعل كلّ فعل محمود من الإيمان جعل كلّ فعل مذموم من الكفر، وقال في السّحر: وَما كَفَرَ سُلَيْمانُ وَلكِنَّ الشَّياطِينَ كَفَرُوا يُعَلِّمُونَ النَّاسَ السِّحْرَ [البقرة/ 102] وقوله: الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبا، إلى قوله: كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ أَثِيمٍ
[البقرة/ 275- 276] وقال: وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ إلى قوله: وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعالَمِينَ [آل عمران/ 97] والكَفُورُ: المبالغ في كفران النعمة، وقوله:
إِنَّ الْإِنْسانَ لَكَفُورٌ
[الزخرف/ 15] ، وقال:
ذلِكَ جَزَيْناهُمْ بِما كَفَرُوا وَهَلْ نُجازِي إِلَّا الْكَفُورَ
[سبأ/ 17] إن قيل: كيف وصف الإنسان هاهنا بالكفور، ولم يرض بذلك حتى أدخل عليه إنّ، واللّام، وكلّ ذلك تأكيد، وقال في موضع وَكَرَّهَ إِلَيْكُمُ الْكُفْرَ [الحجرات/ 7] ، فقوله: إِنَّ الْإِنْسانَ لَكَفُورٌ مُبِينٌ [الزخرف/ 15] تنبيه على ما ينطوي عليه الإنسان من كفران النّعمة، وقلّة ما يقوم بأداء الشّكر، وعلى هذا قوله: قُتِلَ الْإِنْسانُ ما أَكْفَرَهُ
[عبس/ 17] ولذلك قال: وَقَلِيلٌ مِنْ عِبادِيَ الشَّكُورُ [سبأ/ 13] ، وقوله: إِنَّا هَدَيْناهُ السَّبِيلَ إِمَّا شاكِراً وَإِمَّا كَفُوراً [الإنسان/ 3] تنبيه أنه عرّفه الطّريقين كما قال: وَهَدَيْناهُ النَّجْدَيْنِ [البلد/ 10] فمن سالك سبيل الشّكر، ومن سالك سبيل الكفر، وقوله: وَكانَ الشَّيْطانُ لِرَبِّهِ كَفُوراً [الإسراء/ 27] فمن الكفر، ونبّه بقوله: كانَ أنه لم يزل منذ وجد منطويا على الكفر. والْكَفَّارُ أبلغ من الكفور لقوله: كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ
[ق/ 24] وقال:
وَاللَّهُ لا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ أَثِيمٍ [البقرة/ 276] ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَهْدِي مَنْ هُوَ كاذِبٌ كَفَّارٌ [الزمر/ 3] ، إِلَّا فاجِراً كَفَّاراً [نوح/ 27] وقد أجري الكفّار مجرى الكفور في قوله: إِنَّ الْإِنْسانَ لَظَلُومٌ كَفَّارٌ [إبراهيم/ 34] . والكُفَّارُ في جمع الكافر المضادّ للإيمان أكثر استعمالا كقوله: أَشِدَّاءُ عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ
[الفتح/ 29] ، وقوله: لِيَغِيظَ بِهِمُ الْكُفَّارَ [الفتح/ 29] .
والكَفَرَةُ في جمع كافر النّعمة أشدّ استعمالا، وفي قوله: أُولئِكَ هُمُ الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ [عبس/ 42] ألا ترى أنه وصف الكفرة بالفجرة؟
والفجرة قد يقال للفسّاق من المسلمين. وقوله:
جَزاءً لِمَنْ كانَ كُفِرَ [القمر/ 14] أي: من الأنبياء ومن يجري مجراهم ممّن بذلوا النّصح في أمر الله فلم يقبل منهم. وقوله: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا
[النساء/ 137] قيل: عني بقوله إنهم آمنوا بموسى، ثمّ كفروا بمن بعده. والنصارى آمنوا بعيسى، ثمّ كفروا بمن بعده. وقيل: آمنوا بموسى ثم كفروا بموسى إذ لم يؤمنوا بغيره، وقيل: هو ما قال: وَقالَتْ طائِفَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتابِ آمِنُوا بِالَّذِي إلى قوله:
وَاكْفُرُوا آخِرَهُ
[آل عمران/ 72] ولم يرد أنّهم آمنوا مرّتين وكفروا مرّتين، بل ذلك إشارة إلى أحوال كثيرة. وقيل: كما يصعد الإنسان في الفضائل في ثلاث درجات ينعكس في الرّذائل في ثلاث درجات. والآية إشارة إلى ذلك، وقد بيّنته في كتاب «الذّريعة إلى مكارم الشّريعة» .
ويقال: كَفَرَ فلانٌ: إذا اعتقد الكفر، ويقال ذلك إذا أظهر الكفر وإن لم يعتقد، ولذلك قال:
مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِيمانِهِ إِلَّا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمانِ [النحل/ 106] ويقال: كَفَرَ فلان بالشّيطان: إذا كفر بسببه، وقد يقال ذلك إذا آمن وخالف الشّيطان، كقوله: فَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِالطَّاغُوتِ وَيُؤْمِنْ بِاللَّهِ
[البقرة/ 256] وأَكْفَرَهُ إِكْفَاراً: حكم بكفره، وقد يعبّر عن التّبرّي بالكفر نحو: ثُمَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيامَةِ يَكْفُرُ بَعْضُكُمْ بِبَعْضٍ
الآية [العنكبوت/ 25] ، وقوله تعالى: إِنِّي كَفَرْتُ بِما أَشْرَكْتُمُونِ مِنْ قَبْلُ [إبراهيم/ 22] ، وقوله: كَمَثَلِ غَيْثٍ أَعْجَبَ الْكُفَّارَ نَباتُهُ [الحديد/ 20] قيل: عنى بالكفّار الزّرّاع ، لأنّهم يغطّون البذر في التّراب ستر الكفّار حقّ الله تعالى بدلالة قوله: يُعْجِبُ الزُّرَّاعَ لِيَغِيظَ بِهِمُ الْكُفَّارَ [الفتح/ 29] ولأنّ الكافر لا اختصاص له بذلك. وقيل: بل عنى الكفار، وخصّهم بكونهم معجبين بالدّنيا وزخارفها وراكنين إليها.
والْكَفَّارَةُ: ما يغطّي الإثم، ومنه: كَفَّارَةُ اليمين نحو قوله: ذلِكَ كَفَّارَةُ أَيْمانِكُمْ إِذا حَلَفْتُمْ [المائدة/ 89] وكذلك كفّارة غيره من الآثام ككفارة القتل والظّهار. قال: فَكَفَّارَتُهُ إِطْعامُ عَشَرَةِ مَساكِينَ [المائدة/ 89] والتَّكْفِيرُ: ستره وتغطيته حتى يصير بمنزلة ما لم يعمل، ويصحّ أن يكون أصله إزالة الكفر والكفران، نحو:
التّمريض في كونه إزالة للمرض، وتقذية العين في إزالة القذى عنه، قال: وَلَوْ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْكِتابِ آمَنُوا وَاتَّقَوْا لَكَفَّرْنا عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئاتِهِمْ
[المائدة/ 65] ، نُكَفِّرْ عَنْكُمْ سَيِّئاتِكُمْ
[النساء/ 31] وإلى هذا المعنى أشار بقوله: إِنَّ الْحَسَناتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئاتِ [هود/ 114] وقيل: صغار الحسنات لا تكفّر كبار السّيّئات، وقال:
لَأُكَفِّرَنَّ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئاتِهِمْ [آل عمران/ 195] ، لِيُكَفِّرَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ أَسْوَأَ الَّذِي عَمِلُوا [الزمر/ 35] ويقال: كَفَرَتِ الشمس النّجومَ: سترتها، ويقال الْكَافِرُ للسّحاب الذي يغطّي الشمس والليل، قال الشاعر:
ألقت ذكاء يمينها في كافر
وتَكَفَّرَ في السّلاح. أي: تغطّى فيه، والْكَافُورُ: أكمام الثمرة. أي: التي تكفُرُ الثّمرةَ، قال الشاعر:
كالكرم إذ نادى من الكافور
والْكَافُورُ الذي هو من الطّيب. قال تعالى:
كانَ مِزاجُها كافُوراً
[الإنسان/ 5] .

كفر

1 كَفَرَ الشَّىْءَ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, &c,) aor. , in the sense first explained below كَفِرَ, (S, K, &c.;) [respecting which Fei observes,] ElFárábee, whom J follows, says that it is like يَضْرِبُ, but in a trustworthy copy of the T it is written كَفُرَ, and this is the proper form, because they say that كَفَرَ النِّعْمَةَ [of which the aor. is كَفُرَ] is borrowed from كَفَرَ الشَّىْءَ in the sense which is first explained below; (Msb;) and MF says, that the saying of J, following his maternal uncle Aboo-Nasr El-Fárábee, that the aor. of this verb is كَفِرَ, is doubtless a mistake; but to this, [says SM,] I reply, that it is correctly كَفِرَ, as J and F and other leading lexicologists have said; though the aor. of the verb of كُفْرٌ as meaning the contr. of إِيْمَانٌ is كَفُرَ; (TA;) [or, if this latter verb be taken from the former, the aor. of the former may have been originally كَفِرَ and كَفُرَ, and general usage may have afterwards applied the aor. ـِ to one signification, while the aor. ـُ has been applied by very few persons to that signification, but by all to the significations thence derived;] inf. n. كَفْرٌ; (S, Msb;) and ↓ كفّرهُ, (A, Mgh, K,) inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ; (TA;) He veiled, concealed, hid, or covered, the thing: (S, A, * Mgh, * Msb, K: *) or he covered the thing so as to destroy it: (Az, TA:) and كَفَرَ عَلَيْهِ, aor. [and inf. n.] as above, he covered it; covered it over. (K,) You say كَفَرَ البَذْرَ الْمَبْذُورَ CCC He covered the sown seed with earth. (TA.) And كَفَرَ السَّحَابُ السَّمَآءَ The clouds covered the sky. (A.) Lebeed says, فِى لَيْلَةٍ كَفَرَ النُّجُومَ غَمَامُهَا In a night whereof the clouds that covered the sky concealed the stars. (Msb.) You say also كَفَرَهُ اللَّيْلُ, and كَفَرَ عَلَيْهِ, The night covered it with its blackness. (TA.) And كَفَرَتِ الرِّيحُ الرَّسْمَ The wind covered the trace or mark [with dust.] (A.) And كَفَرَ فَوْقَ دِرْعِهِ He clad himself with a garment over his coat of mail. and دِرْعَهُ بِثَوْبٍ ↓ كَفَّرَ He covered his coat of mail with a garment. (TA.) And كَفَرَ مَتَاعَهُ He put his goods in a receptacle. (TA.) and كَفَرَ الْمَتَاعَ فِى الوِعَآءِ CCC He covered, or concealed, the goods in the receptacle. (A.) And ↓ كَفَّرَ نَفْسَهُ بِالسِّلَاحِ He covered himself with the arms. (A.) And كَفَرَ الجَهْلُ عَلَى عِلْمِ فُلَانٍ Ignorance covered over the knowledge of such a one. (TA.) وَكَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ, [thus, with damm as the vowel of the aor. ,] in the Kur, iii. 96, has been explained as signifying And wherefore do ye cover the familiarity and love in which ye were living? (TA.) b2: Hence, (Msb, TA,) كَفَرَ, (S,) and كَفَرَ النِّعْمَةَ, and بِالنِّعْمَةِ; (Msb;) and كَفَرَ نِعْمَةَ اللّٰهِ, and بِنِعْمَةِ اللّٰهِ; (K;) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. كُفْرَانٌ. (S, K,) which is the most common form in this case, (El-Basáïr,) and كُفُورٌ, (S, K,) and كُفْرٌ; (El-Basáïr;) He covered, or concealed, (Msb,) and denied, or disacknowledged, the favour or benefit [conferred upon him]; (S, Msb;) he was ungrateful, or unthankful, or behaved ungratefully or unthankfully; contr. of شَكَرَ; (S;) and he denied, or disacknowledged, and concealed, or covered, the favour or benefit of God: (K:) God's favours or benefits are the signs which show to those who have discrimination that their Creator is one, without partner, and that He has sent apostles with miraculous signs and revealed scriptures and manifest proofs. (Az, TA.) وَلَا نَكْفُرُكَ, in the prayer [termed القُنُوتُ], means وَلَا نَكْفُرُ نِعْمَتَكَ [And we will not deny, or disacknowledge, thy favour; or we will not be ungrateful, or unthankful, for it]. (Msb.) [The verb when used in this sense, seems, from what has been said above, to be a حَقِيقَة عُرْفِيَّة, or word so much used in a particular tropical sense as to be, in that sense, conventionally regarded as proper.] b3: and hence, كَفَرَ, inf. n. كُفْرَانٌ, is used to signify [absolutely] He denied, or disacknowledged. (TA.) [See the act. part. n., below: and see 3. See also art. ف, p. 2322 a.] You say كَفَرَ بِالصَّانِعِ He denied the Creator. (Msb.) b4: Hence also, (TA.) كَفَرَ, (S, Msb,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. كُفُرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) which is the most common form in this case, (El-Basáïr,) and كَفْرٌ (K) and كُفْرَانٌ (Msb, K) and كُفُورٌ, (K,) He disbelieved; he became an unbeliever, or infidel; contr. of آمَنَ, inf. n. إِيْمَانٌ. (S, K.) You say كَفَرَ بِاللّٰهِ (S, Msb) He disbelieved in God: (S:) because he who does so conceals, or covers, the truth, and the favours of the liberal Dispenser of favours [who is God]. (MF.) [Also, as shown above, He denied God.] It is related in a trad. of 'Abd-El-Melik, that he wrote to El-Hajjáj, مَنْ أَقَرَّ بِالكُفْرِ فَخَلِّ سَبِيلَهُ, meaning, Whosoever confesses the unbelief of him who opposes the Benoo-Marwán, and goes forth against them, let him go his way. (TA.) See also كُفْرٌ, below. b5: [He blasphemed: a signification very common in the present day.] b6: Also, كَفَرَ بِكَذَا He declared himself to be clear, or quit, of such a thing. (Msb.) In this sense it is used in the Kur xiv. 27. (Msb, TA.) b7: And كَفَرَ also signifies He was remiss, or fell short of his duty, with respect to the law, and neglected the gratitude or thankfulness to God which was incumbent on him. So in the Kur xxx. 43; as is shown by its being opposed to عَمِلَ صَالِحًا. (TA.) A2: كَفَرَ لَهُ, inf. n. كَفْرٌ: see 2.2 كفّرهُ, inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ: see 1, first signification, in three places.

A2: Hence, كَفَّرَ الذَّنْبَ It (war in the cause of God [or the like]) covered, or concealed, the crime or sin: (Mgh:) (or expiated it: or annulled it; for] تكفير with respect to acts of disobedience is like إِحْبَاطٌ with respect to reward. (S, K.) The saying in the Kur [v. 70.] لَكَفَّرْنَا عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ means, We would cover, or conceal, their sins, so that they should become as though they had not been: or it may mean, We would do away with their sins; as is indicated by another saying in the Kur [xi. 116,] “ good actions do away with sins. ” (El-Basáïr.) كَفَّرَ اللّٰهُ عَنْهُ الذَّنْبَ signifies God effaced his sin. (Msb.) b2: And كَفَّرَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ [He expiated his oath;] he performed, (Msb,) or gave, (K,) what is termed كَفَّارَة [i. e. a fast, or alms, for the expiation of his oath]: (Msb, K:) تَكْفِيرٌ of an oath is the doing what is incumbent, or obligatory, for the violation, or breaking, thereof: (S:) كَفَّرَ يَمِينَهُ is a vulgar phrase. (Mgh.) A3: كَفَّرَهُ as syn. with أَكْفَرَهُ: see 4.

A4: كَفَّرَ لَهُ, inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ, (A, Mgh, TA,) He did obeisance to him, lowering his head, or bowing, and bending himself, and putting his hand upon his breast: (Mgh:) or put his hand upon his breast and bent himself down to him: (TA:) or he made a sign of humbling himself to him; did obeisance to him: (A:) namely, an عِلْج [or unbeliever of the Persians or other foreigners] (A, Mgh) or a ذِمِّىّ [or free non- Muslim subject of a Muslim government, i. e., a Christian, a Jew, or a Sabian] (Mgh) to the king; (A, Mgh;) or a slave to his master, or to his دِهْقَان [or chief]: (TA:) and ↓ كَفَرَ, [aor. ـُ accord. to the rule of of the K,] (TK,) inf. n. كَفْرٌ, (K,) he (a Persian, فَارِسِىٌّ, K, and so in the L and other lexicons, but in the TS فَارِس, without ى, which is probably a mistake of copyists, TA) paid honour to his king, (K, TA,) by making a sing with his head, near to prostration: (TA:) تَكْفِيرٌ is a man's humbling himself to another, (S, K, TA,) bending himself, and lowering his head, nearly in the manner termed رُكُوعٌ; as one does when he desires to pay honour to his friend; (TA;) or as the عِلْج does to the دِهْقَان: (S:) and the تكفير of the people of the scriptures [or Christians and Jews, and Sabians] one's lowering his head to his friend, like the تَسْلِيم with the Muslims: or one's putting his hand, or his two hands, upon his breast: (TA:) and تكفير in prayer is the bending one's self much in the state of standing, before the action termed رُكُوعٌ; the doing of which was disapproved by Mohammad, accord. to a trad. (TA.) It is said in a trad., إِذَا أَصْبَحَ ابْنُ آدَمَ فَإِنَّ الأَعْضَآءَ تُكَفِّرُ كُلُّهَا لِلِّسَانِ When the son of Adam rises in the morning, verily all the members abase themselves to the tongue, (Mgh, TA,) and confess obedience to it, and humbly submit to its command. (TA.) b2: تَكْفِيرٌ also signifies The crowning a king with a crown, [because] when he, or it, is seen, obeisance is done to him (إِذَا رُئِىَ كُفِّرَ لَهُ). (K.) b3: See also تَكْفِيرٌ below.3 كَافَرَنِى حَقِّى He denied, or disacknowledged, to me my right, or just claim. (A, Mgh, K.) Hence the saying of 'Ámir, إِذَا أَقَرَّ عِنْدَ القَاضِى

بِشَىْءٍ ثُمَّ كَافَرَ [When he confesses a thing in the presence of the Kádee, then denies, or disacknowledges: كَافَرَ being thus used in the sense of كَفَرَ]. But as to the saying of Mohammad [the lawyer], رجُلٌ لَهُ عَلَى آخَرَ دَيْنٌ فَكَافَرَهُ بِهِ سِنِينَ [A man who owed to another a debt, and denied to him, in the case of it, for years], he seems to have made it imply the meaning of المُمَاطَلَة, and therefore to have made it trans. in the same manner as المماطلة is trans. (Mgh.) 4 اكفرهُ, (S, A, Mgh, K,) and ↓ كفّرهُ, (A, Mgh, Msb,) [the latter of which is the more common in the present day,] He called him a كَافِر [i. e. a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel]: (S, Mgh, K:) he attributed, or imputed to him, charged him with, or accused him of, disbelief, or infidelity: (S, A, Msb:) or he said to him كَفَرْتَ [Thou hast become an unbeliever, or infidel, or Thou hast blasphemed: in this last sense, “ he said to him Thou hast blasphemed, ”

كفّرهُ, to which alone it is assigned in the Msb, is very commonly used in the present day]. (Msb.) Hence the saying, لَا تُكْفِرْ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ قِبْلَتِكَ Do not thou attribute or impute disbelief or infidelity to any one of the people of thy kibleh; (S, TA;) i. e., do not thou call any such a disbeliever, &c.; or do not thou make him such by thine assertion and thy saying. (TA.) لَا تُكَفِّرُوا أَهْلَ قِبْلَتِكُمْ is not authorized by the relation, though it be allowable as a dial. form. (Mgh.) b2: [Also] أَكْفَرْتُهُ, inf. n. إِكْفَارٌ, I made him a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel; I compelled him to become a disbeliever, &c. (Msb.) And أَكْفَرَ فُلَانٌ صَاحِبَهُ Such a one compelled his companion by evil treatment to become disobedient after he had been obedient. (Mgh.) And أَكْفَرَ الرَّجُلُ مُطِيعَهُ The man compelled him who had obeyed him to disobey him: (T, TA:) or he made him to be under a necessity to disobey him. (TA.) A2: اكفر He (a man, TA) kept, or confined himself, to the كَفْر, (K,) i. e. قَرْيَة [town or village]; (TA;) as also ↓ اكتفر. (IAar, K.) 5 تكفّر بِالسِّلَاحِ He covered himself with the arms. And تكفّر بِالثَّوْبِ He enveloped himself entirely with the garment. (A.) 8 إِكْتَفَرَ see 4, last signification.

كَفْرٌ The darkness and blackness of night; [because it conceals things;] as also, sometimes, ↓ كِفْرٌ. (S, K.) [See also كَافِرٌ.] See a verse cited voce ذُكَآءُ.

A2: Earth, or dust; because it conceals what is beneath it. (Lh.) A3: [Hence also] A grave, or sepulchre: (S, K:) pl. كُفُورٌ. (S.) Whence the saying, أَللّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِأَهْلِ الكُفُورِ [O God, pardon the people of the graves]. (S.) A4: [And hence, perhaps,] A town, or village; [generally the latter;] syn. قَرْيَةٌ: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) a Syriac word, and mostly used by the people of Syria [and of Egypt]: or, accord. to El-Harbee, land that is far from men, by which no one passes: (TA:) pl. كُفُورٌ: (S, Msb:) in the present day, it is applied in Egypt to any small قَرْيَة [or village] by the side of a great قَرْيَة [or town]: they say القَرْيَةُ الفُلَانِيَّةُ وَكَفْرُهَا [Such a town and its village]: and sometimes one قَرْيَة has a number of كُفُور. (TA.) Hence the saying of Mo'áwiyeh, أَهْلُ الكُفُورِ هُمْ أَهْلُ القُبُورِ [The people of the villages are the people of the graves]; meaning, that they are as the dead; they do not see the great towns and the performance of the congregational prayers of Friday: (S, Mgh:) by الكفور he meant the villages (القُرَى) remote from the great towns and from the places where the people of science assemble, so that ignorance prevails among their inhabitants, and they are most quickly affected by innovations in religion and by natural desires which cause to err. (Az, TA.) Hence also the trad. (of Aboo-Hureyreh, TA), لَيُخْرِجَنَّكُمُ الرُّومُ مِنْهَا كَفْرًا كَفْرًا [The Greeks will assuredly expel you from them, town by town, or village by village]; (S, * TA;) i. e. from the فُرًى of Syria. (S, TA.) b2: كَفْرٌ عَلَى كَفْرٍ also signifies One upon another; or one part upon another. (TA.) كُفْرٌ: see 1. [As a simple subst., Ingratitude, &c. b2: And particularly Denial, or disacknowledgment, of favours or benefits, and especially of those conferred by God: and disbelief, unbelief; infidelity.] It is of four kinds: كُفْرُ إِنْكَارٍ the denial, or disacknowledgment, of God, with the heart and the tongue, having no knowledge of what is told one of the unity of God [&c.]: and كُفْرُ جُحُودٍ the acknowledgment with the heart without confessing with the tongue: [or the disacknowledgment of God with the tongue while the heart acknowledges Him:] and كُفْرُ المُعَانَدَةِ the knowledge of God with the heart, and confession with the tongue, with refusal to accept [the truth]: and كُفْرُ النِّفَاقِ the confession with the tongue with disbelief in the heart: all of these are unpardonable: (L, TA:) the greatest كُفْر is the denial, or disacknowledgment, of the unity [of God], or of the prophetic office [of Mohammad and others], or of the law of God. (El-Basáïr.) [Also, Blasphemy. Its pl., as a simple subst. in all these senses, is said to be كُفُورٌ.]. Akh says, that كُفُورًا [in the accus. case] in the Kur xvii. 101, [to which may be added v. 91 of the same ch., and xxv. 52,] is pl. of كُفْرٌ, like as بُرُودٌ is pl. of بُرْدٌ. (S.) A2: Tar, or pitch, syn. قِيرٌ; with which ships are smeared; (K;) of which there are three sorts, كُفْرٌ and قِيرٌ and زِفتٌ: كفر is melted, and then ships are smeared with it: [whence, app., its name, from its being a covering:] زفت is used for smearing skins for wine, &c. (ISh.) كِفْرٌ: see كَفْرٌ.

كَفَرٌ: see كَافُورٌ.

كَفْرَةٌ: see كَافِرٌ.

كُفَرَّى, and its variations: see كَافُورٌ.

كَفُورٌ: see كافر.

كَفَّارٌ: see كافر.

كَفَّارَةٌ a subst. from تَكْفِيرُ اليَمِينِ, (S,) or an intensive epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates; signifying [An expiation for a sin or crime or a violated oath;] an action, or a quality, which has the effect of effacing a wrong action or sin or crime; (TA;) that which covers, or conceals, sins or crimes; such as the كفّارة of oaths [violated], and that of [the kind of divorce termed] ظِهَار, and of unintentional homicide; (T, TA;) an expiation (مَا كُفِّرَ بِهِ), such as an alms-giving, and a fasting, and the like: (K:) pl. كَفَّارَاتٌ. (T, TA.) كَافِرٌ A sower: (S, K:) or a tiller of the ground: (Msb:) because he covers over the seed with earth: (S, Msb: *) pl. كُفَّارٌ. (S, TA.) The pl. is said by some to be thus used in the Kur lvii. 19. (TA.) b2: Dark clouds, or a dark cloud; (K;) because it conceals what is beneath it. (TA.) b3: Night: (K:) or intensely black night; because it conceals everything by its darkness. (S.) b4: The darkness; (K;) because it covers what is beneath it; (TA;) as also ↓ كَفْرَةٌ, accord. to the copies of the K; but in the L, كَفْرٌ, q. v. (TA.) b5: The sea; (S, A, K;) for the same reason. (TA.) Thaalabeh Ibn-So'eyr El-Mazinee says, (S, TA,) describing a male and a female ostrich and their returning to their eggs at sunset, (TA,) فَتَذَكَّرَا ثَقَلًا رَثِيدًا بَعْدَمَا

أَلْقَتْ ذُكَآءُ يَمِينَهَا فِى كَافِرِ [And they remembered goods placed side by side, after the sun had cast its right side into a sea]; i. e., the sun had begun to set: or the poet may mean [by كافر] night: (S, TA:) but Sgh says, that the right reading is تَذَكَّرَتْ; the pronoun referring to the female ostrich. (TA.) b6: Also, A great river: (S, K:) used in this sense by El-Mutalemmis: (S:) and a great valley. (K.) b7: [A man] staying, or abiding, [in a place,] and hiding himself. (TA.) [See an ex. voce عَرْشٌ.] b8: [A man] wearing arms; covered with arms: (Az, K:) as also ↓ مُكَفِّرٌ (A, K) and ↓ مُتَكَفِّرٌ (S, A) and ↓ مُكَفَّرٌ: (A:) or this last signifies bound fast in iron; (K, TA;) as though covered and concealed by it: (TA:) pl. of the first, كُفَّارٌ. (K.) Hence the following, (K,) said by Mohammad during the pilgrimage of valediction, (TA,) لَا تَرْجِعُوا بِعْدِى كُفَّارًا يَضْرِبُ بَعْضُكُمْ رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ (K) [Do not ye become again, after me, i. e., after my death,] wearers of arms, preparing yourselves for fight, [one party of you smiting the necks of others;] as though he meant thereby to forbid war: (AM, TA:) or [do not ye become unbelievers, after me, &c.; i. e.,] do not ye call people unbelievers, and so become unbelievers [yourselves]. (AM, K, TA.) b9: A coat of mail; (Sgh, K;) because it conceals what is beneath it. (TA.) b10: One who has covered his coat of mail with a garment worn over it. (S.) b11: كَافِرُ الدُّرُوعِ A garment that is worn over the coat of mail. (A.) A2: One who denies, or disacknowledges, the favours or benefits of God: (K:) [ungrateful; unthankful; especially to God:] one who denies, or disacknowledges, the unity [of God], and the prophetic office [of Mohammad and others], and the law of God, altogether, accord. to the common conventional acceptation: a disbeliever; an unbeliever; an infidel; a miscreant; contr. of مُؤْمِنٌ: (El- Basáïr:) because he conceals the favours of God: (S:) or because his heart is covered; as though it were of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: (IDrd, TA:) or because كُفْر covers his heart altogether: (Lth, TA:) i. e. having a covering to his heart: or because, when God invites him to acknowledge his unity, He invites him to accept his favours; and when he refuses to do so, he covers the favour of God, excluding it from him: (Az, TA:) fem. with ة: (S, Msb, K:) pl. masc.

كَفَرَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the most common pl. of كافر in the first of the senses explained above, (El-Basáïr,) and كُفَّارٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the most common pl. of the same in the last of those senses, as contr. of مؤمن, (El-Basáïr,) and كِفَارٌ (S, K) and كَافِرُونَ: (Msb:) and pl. fem.

كَوَافِرُ (S, Msb, K) and كَافِرَاتٌ: (Msb:) and ↓ رَجُلٌ كَفَّارٌ, and ↓ كَفُورٌ signify the same as كَافِرٌ: (K:) or كَفُورٌ is an intensive epithet, meaning very ungrateful, or unthankful, [&c., especially to God]: so in the Kur xxii. 65, and xliii. 14: and كَفَّارٌ has a more intensive signification than كَفُورٌ, [meaning habitually ungrateful, &c.:] os in the Kur ا 23: but sometimes it is used in the sense of كَفُورٌ; as in the Kur xiv. 37: (ElBasáïr:) ↓ كَفُورٌ is fem. as well as masc.; (TA;) and its pl. is كُفُرٌ, (K, * TA,) also both masc. and fem.; and it has no unbroken pl. (TA.) b2: Also, simply, Denying, or disacknowledging; a denier, or disacknowledger: followed byبِ before the thing denied: pl. كَافِرُونَ: (S, TA;) so in the Kur ii. 38, (TA,) and xxviii. 48. (S, TA.) b3: [Also, Blaspheming; a blasphemer.]

A3: See also كَافُورٌ.

كَافُورٌ The spathe, or envelope of the طَلْع [or spadix], (As, S, K, TA,) or upper covering thereof, (TA,) of a palm-tree; (As, S, K, TA;) the كِمّ of a palm-tree: (Mgh, Msb:) as also ↓ كُفَرَّى, (S, Mgh, Msb,) with damm to the ك and fet-h to the ف and teshdeed to the ر, (Mgh, Msb,) or كُفُرَّى, [so in the copies of the K, and so I have found it written in other works, so that both forms appear to be correct,] and كَفَرَّى and كِفِرَّى, (K, * TA,) and ↓ كَافِرٌ (AHn, K) and ↓ كَفَرٌ: (K:) so called because it conceals what is within it: (Mgh, Msb:) or, accord. to AA and Fr, the طَلْع [by which they probably mean the spathe, for, as is said in the Mgh, it is applied by some to the كِمّ (or spathe) before it bursts open]: (S:) [↓ كفرّى is sometimes masc., though more properly and commonly fem.:] IAar says, I heard Umm-Rabáh say.

هٰذِهِ كفرّى and هٰذَا كفّرى: (TA:) the pl. of كَافُورٌ is كَوَافِيرُ; and the pl. of كَافِرٌ is كَوَافِرُ. (TA.) b2: Also (tropical:) The زَمَع of the grape-vine; (K, TA;) i. e., the leaves which cover what is within them of the raceme; likened to the كافور of the طلع; (TA;) the كِمّ [or calyx] of the grapes, before the blossom comes forth; because they cover the unopened raceme; accord. to IF, as also ↓ كُفَرَّى: (Msb:) pl. كَوَافِيرُ and كَوَافِرُ, accord. to the K; but it is well known that the former is pl. of كافور, and the latter of كافر. (TA.) b3: And, accord. to some, (assumed tropical:) The envelope [or calyx] of any plant. (TA.) A2: [Camphor;] a kind of perfume, (S, K,) well known, from certain trees [the laurus camphora of Linn.] in the mountains of the sea of India and China, which afford shadow to many people or creatures, (K,) by reason of its greatness and its many spreading branches, (TA,) which leopards or panthers frequent, and the wood of which is white and easily broken; the كافور is found within it, and is of various kinds, in colour red, and becoming white only by تَصْعِيد [or sublimation]. (K.) A3: Accord. to the M, A mixture of perfume, composed of the spathe (كافور) of the spadix of the palm-tree. (TA.) A4: A certain spring, or fountain, in paradise. (Fr. K.) So in the Kur [lxxvi. 5,] إِنَّ الْأَبْرَارَ يَشْرَبُونَ مِنْ كَأْسٍ كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا كَافُورًا [Verily the pious shall drink a cup of wine whereof the mixture is Káfoor]. (Fr.) IDrd says, that it should be imperfectly decl., because it is a fem. [proper] name, determinate, of more than three letters; but it is made perfectly decl. for the conformity of the ends of the verses: Th says, that it is made perfectly decl. because it is used by way of comparison; and that if it were a [proper] name of the spring, or fountain, it would be imperfectly decl.: Th means, says ISd, whereof the mixture is like كافور [or camphor]: and Zj says, that it may mean that the taste of perfume and كافور is in it, or that it is mixed with كافور. (TA.) A5: A certain plant, (Lth, K,) [which I believe to he the same as the camphorata Monspeliensis, see my “ Thousand and One Nights, ”

ch. xxviii. note 6,] of sweet odour, (ISd, K,) the flower of which is (Lth, K) white, (Lth,) like the flower of the أُقْحُوَان [or camomile]. (Lth, K.) A6: IDrd says, I do not think the كافور is Arabic, because they sometimes say قَفُورٌ and قَافُورٌ. (TA.) أَكْفَرُ [More, or most, ungrateful or unthank-ful, especially to God; or disbelieving or unbelieving]. (TA.) تَكْفِيرٌ, as a subst., The crown of a king. (ISd, K.) مُكْفَّرٌ A bird covered with feathers. (A.) See also كَافِرٌ: and see مَكْفُورٌ.

A2: One who, though beneficent, is regarded, or treated, with ingratitude; (K;) a benefactor whose beneficence is not gratefully acknowledged. (A.) مُكَفِّرٌ: see كَافِرٌ.

رَمَادٌ مَكْفُورٌ Ashes upon which the wind has swept the dust so that it has covered them. (S.) See also مُكَفَّرٌ.

مُتَكَفِّرٌ: see كَافِرٌ.

كفل كفن كفى See Supplement

رجز

1 رَجِزَ, [aor. ـَ (S,) inf. n. رَجَزٌ, (TA,) He (a camel) had the disease termed رَجَزٌ [expl. below]. (S.) A2: رَجَزَ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. رَجْزٌ, (TA,) He said, spoke, uttered, or recited, poetry, or verse, of the metre termed رَجَزٌ; [see this word below;] he spoke in verse of that metre; he poetized, or versified, in that metre; as also ↓ ارتجز; (S, * Msb, K, * TA;) and in like manner ↓ ارجز, he composed verses of that metre. (Ibn-Buzurj, L in art. قصد.) You say also, رَجَزَبِهِ He recited to him (أَنْشَدَهُ [so in more than one MS. copy of the K, and in the TA, but in the CK أَنْشَدَ, without the affixed pronoun, which is probably wrong,]) a poem of that metre; as also ↓ رجّزهُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. تَرْجِيزٌ. (TA.) And ↓ ترجّز He urged, or excited, his camels by singing رَجَز, or his رَجَز: so accord. to different copies of the K. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] رَجَزَتِ الرِّيحُ, inf. n. رَجْزٌ, (assumed tropical:) The wind was continuous, or lasting. (TA.) And الرَّعْدُ ↓ ارتجز (tropical:) The thunder made uninterrupted sounds, like the recitation of the رَاجِز: (A, TA:) or, as also ↓ ترجّز, made a sound: (K:) or made consecutive sounds. (TA.) and بَآذِيِّهِ ↓ البَحْرُ يَرْتَجِزُ (tropical:) [The sea makes a continuous sound, or murmuring, with its waves]; as also ↓ يَتَرَجَّزُ. (A, TA.) [And hence, perhaps,] ↓ ترجّز السَّحَابُ (tropical:) The clouds moved slowly by reason of the abundance of their water. (K, TA.) [See also 6.]2 رجّزهُ: see 1.3 راجز صَاحِبَهُ [He recited verses, or poetry, of the metre termed رَجَز with his companion: or vied with him in doing so: see 6]. (A.) 4 أَرْجَزَ see 1.5 تَرَجَّزَ see 1, in four places.6 تراجزوا i. q. تَنَازَعُوا الرَّجَزَ بَيْنَهُمْ, (A, K,) and تَعَاطَوْهُ, (TA,) i. e. They recited verses, or poetry, of the metre termed رَجَز, one with another: (TK:) [or vied, one with another, in doing so.] b2: [Hence,] تراجز السَّحَابُ (tropical:) [The clouds combined, one with another, in uninterrupted thundering]. (A.) [See also 1.]8 إِرْتَجَزَ see 1, in three places.

رُجْزٌ: see the next paragraph, in four places.

رِجْزٌ properly signifies Commotion, agitation, or convulsion; and consecutiveness of motions. (TA.) b2: Hence, (TA,) Punishment (Aboo-Is-hák, S, Mgh, Msb, K) [like رِجْسٌ] that agitates by its vehemence, and occasions vehement consecutive commotions; (Aboo-Is-hák, Mgh, * TA;) as also ↓ رُجْزٌ: (K:) so in the Kur vii. 131; (Aboo-Is-hák;) and in ii. 56, and vii. 162, and xxix. 33. (S.) b3: Conduct that leads to punishment: so, accord. to some, in the Kur lxxiv. 5; (TA;) where some read الرِّجْزَ and others ↓ الرُّجْزَ: (S, TA:) ↓ the latter is also expl. as signifying sin: (TA:) and both, uncleanness; or filth: (S, K:) so in that instance: like رِجْسٌ: (S:) and polytheism; or the associating of another, or others, with the true God: (K, TA:) so, accord to some, in that instance: because he who worships what is not God is in doubt respecting his case, and unsettled in his belief: (TA:) and the worship of idols: (K:) so, accord. to some, in the same instance: (TA:) or the meaning there is and idol: (Mujáhid, S:) or ↓ the latter word signifies a certain idol; being the name thereof: (Katádeh, TA:) and the devil: and his suggestions. (TA.) b4: Also Plague, or pestilence; syn. طَاعُونٌ. (Mgh.) رَجَزٌ A certain disease which attacks camels, in the rump; (S, K;) so that when a she-camel rises, or is roused, her thighs tremble for a while, and then stretch out: (S:) or it is when there is a convulsive motion in the hind leg or the thighs of a camel, when he desires to stand up, or rises, or is roused, for a while, and then a stretching out of the same. (TA.) A2: Hence, (S,) الرَّجَزُ is the name of A certain species [or kind] of verse or poetry; (S, A, K;) a species [or kind] of the metres of verse; (Msb;) consisting of the measure مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ [primarily] six times: (K:) a metre easy to the ear and impressive to the mind; wherefore it may be reduced to a single hemistich, and also to two feet instead of six: (TA:) so called because it commences with a motion and a quiescence, [i. e., a movent and a quiescent letter,] followed by a motion and a quiescence; and so in the other feet; resembling the رَجَز in a she-camel, which consists in her quivering and then being quiet: (TA:) or because of the contractedness of its feet, and the fewness of its letters: (S, K:) or because it is [characterized by] صُدُور without أَعْجَاز [lit. breasts without rumps; for, as the two hemistichs generally rhyme with each other, the verse seems as though it had no عَجُز; i. e., as though its last foot should rather be called عَرُوضٌ, like the last of the first hemistich, than عَجُزٌ:] (TA:) Akh once said, رَجَزٌ, with the Arabs, is whatever consists of three feet; and it is that [kind of verse] which they sing in their work, and in driving their camels: [see بِذْلَةٌ, last sentence:] ISd says that certain of those in whom he placed confidence related this on the authority of Kh. (TA.) Some say that it is not verse, or poetry, but a kind of rhyming prose; but Kh held it to be true verse, or poetry: so in the M: but in the T it is said [as in the K] that Kh asserted it to be not poetry, but halves or thirds of verses: one of his reasons for this assertion [the only one that seems to have had much weight with the Muslims] is, that Mo-hammad once said, أَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ المُطَّلِبْ أَنَا النَّبِىُّ لَا كَذِبْ [which is an instance of a species of رَجَز, meaning, “I am the Prophet: it is no lie: I am the son of 'Abd-el-Muttalib ”]: and were this verse, he would not have said it, as is shown by what is said in the Kur., xxxvi. 69: but on this point, Akh has contended against him. (TA.) رِجَازَةٌ A certain vehicle for women, (S, * TA,) a thing smaller than the هَوْدَج: (S, K, TA:) pl. رَجَائِزُ: (TA:) or a [garment of the kind called]

كِسَآء, (S, K, TA,) in which is a stone, (K, TA, [in the CK a while stone,]) or in which are put stones, (S,) and which is suspended to one of the two sides of the هودج, to balance it, when it inclines: (S, TA:) so called because of its commotion: (TA:) or a thing consisting of a pillow and skins, or hides, put in one of its two sides for that purpose, and called رِجَازَةُ المَيْلِ: (T, TA:) or hair, (K,) or red hair, (TA,) or wool, suspended to the هورج, (K, TA,) for ornament: pl. رَجَائِزُ, said to occur in a verse of EshShemmákh: but accord. to As, this is a mistake for جَزَائِزُ [pl. of جَزِيزَةٌ, q. v.]. (TA.) رَجَّازٌ and رَجَّازَةٌ: see رَاجِزٌ; the latter, in two places.

رَاجِزٌ One who utters, or recites, poetry, or verse, of the metre termed رَجَزٌ; who speaks in verse of that metre; who poetizes, or versifies, in that metre: and in like manner, ↓ مُرْتَجِزٌ, and ↓ رَجَّازٌ [which signifies one who does so much], and ↓ رَجَّازَةٌ [one who does so very much]. (TA.) El-'Ajjáj has been placed the highest in rank as a راجز. (Mz, 49th نوع.) [His son, Ru-beh, seems to occupy nearly an equal place. Each of them composed a complete deewán of رَجَز.] b2: [Hence,] ↓ سَحَابَةٌ رَجَّازَةٌ (tropical:) [A cloud thundering much, or uninterruptedly]. (A, TA.) And ↓ غَيْثٌ مُرْتَجِزٌ, and ↓ مُتَرَجِّزٌ, (tropical:) Rain accompanied by thunder. (TA.) أَرْجَزُ A camel having the disease termed رَجَزٌ: fem. رَجْزَآءُ: (S, K:) the latter is explained as signifying weak in the rump, that does not move from her place unless after twice or thrice rising from the place where she lay: and that does not rise, when she desires to do so, unless after vehement trembling. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] إِنَّهَا لَرَجْزَآءُ, said of the wind (الرِّيح), (assumed tropical:) Verily it is continuous, or lasting. (TA.) And رَجْزَآءُ القِيَامِ (tropical:) A great, heavy cooking-pot. (TA.) أُرْجُوزَةٌ A poem of the metre termed رَجَزٌ: (Msb, K:) pl. أَرَاجِيزُ. (A, K.) مُرْتَجِزٌ: see رَاجِزٌ; the former, in two places.

مُتَرَجِّزٌ: see رَاجِزٌ; the former, in two places.

حو

ى1 حَوَاهُ, aor. ـِ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. حَىٌّ, (S,) or حَوَايَةٌ, (Msb,) or both, (K,) He collected it; brought it, drew it, or gathered it, together; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ تحاواهُ: (TA:) he grasped it; got, or gained, possession of it: (Msb, K:) and ↓ احتواهُ signifies the same; (S, Msb, K;) as also عَلَيْهِ ↓ احتوى: (Msb, K:) or this last, he took, or got, possession of it; took it, got it, or held it, within his grasp, or in his possession: (S:) and حَوَاهُ signifies also he possessed it: (Msb:) and, said of a place [&c., as also ↓ احتوى

عليه and ↓ احتواه], it comprised, comprehended, or contained, it. (TA.) b2: He turned it round, made it to turn round, or wound it. (Har p. 236.

[See حَىٌّ in art. حى.]) A2: حَوَى حَوِيَّةً He made a vehicle for a woman such as is called حَوِيَّة. (TA.) A3: حَوِىَ [originally حَوِوَ]: see art. حو.2 تَحْوِيَةٌ [inf. n. of حوّى] signifies The act of drawing together, or contracting: and the state of drawing together, or contracting; or being drawn together, or contracted; as also تَحَوٍّ

[inf. n. of ↓ تحوّى]: (Lh, K:) or, in the opinion of ISd, تَحْوِيَةٌ has the former signification; and ↓ تَحَوٍّ, the latter. (TA.) A woman of the tribe of Kelb, being asked what she did in the rainy night, answered, أُحَوِّى نَفْسِى [I draw myself together]. (Lh, TA.) b2: كَانَتْ تُحَوِّى وَرَآءَهُ بِعَبَآءَةٍ

أَوْ كِسَآءٍ, occurring in a trad. of Safeeyeh, means She used to wind an عباءة or a كساء round the hump of the camel, behind him, and then to ride upon it. (IAth. [See حَوِيَّةٌ.]) 5 تحوّى, (S, K,) inf. n. تَحَوٍّ, (K,) It assumed a round, or circular, form; or coiled itself: (K:) or it gathered itself together, and coiled itself, or assumed a round, or circular, form. (S.) Yousay, تَحَوَّتِ الحَيَّةُ (S, K *) The serpent gathered itself together, and wound, or coiled, itself; (TA;) whence, as some say, the word حَيَّةٌ: (K:) and in like manner one says of the intestines. (K.) b2: See also 2, in two places.6 تَحَاْوَىَ see 1.8 إِحْتَوَىَ see 1, in four places.

A2: احتوى حَوِيًّا He made a small watering-trough, or tank, for his camels. (TA.) حَوًى, (Az, IB, TA,) or ↓ حَوِيَّةٌ, (K,) The having, or assuming, a round, or circular, or coiled, form; or roundness or circularity [or the state of being coiled]; of anything; (Az, K, TA;) as, for instance, of a serpent; (Az, IB, TA;) and of certain asterisms, which appear regularly disposed in a round, or circular, form. (Az, TA.) [See 5.]

حِوَآءٌ A place that comprises, comprehends, or contains, a thing: for instance, the belly [or womb] of the mother is a حوآء to the child [or fœtus]. (TA.) b2: A collection of tents (بُيُوت), near together; as also ↓ مُحَوًّى: (K:) or a collection of tents (بيوت) of people, made of camel's fur: (S:) or a collection of tents (بيوت) of people, at a water: (TA:) pl. أَحْوِيَةٌ: (S, TA:) and ↓ محتوى

[app. مُحْتَوًى] and ↓ محوى [app. مَحْوًى] signify a place in which the tents (بيوت) of a tribe are collected together: (Lth, TA:) the last is of the dial. of El-Yemen, where it is applied to a few small tents collected together in a tract, or region, of fruitful, or productive, land: (TA:) and its pl. is محاوى [or, more probably, مَحَاوٍ; with the article, المَحَاوِى]. (Lth, TA.) A tent of [goats'] hair, and of [camels'] fur, of the Arabs of the desert. (KL.) حَوِىٌّ Possessing, after deserving, or after becoming entitled. (IAar, K.) A2: A small wateringtrough, or tank, (K, TA,) which a man makes for his camel; called also مَرْكُوٌّ. (TA.) [See also the next paragraph.]

حَوِيَّةٌ: see حَوًى.

A2: Also A winding, or circling, or coiled, gut or intestine; and so ↓ حَاوِيَةٌ and ↓ حَاوِيَآءُ: (K:) [also called قِتْبٌ:] or the [kind of gut, or intestine, termed]

دَوَّارَة in the belly of the sheep or goat; as also ↓ حَاوِيَةٌ: (IAar:) حَوِيَّةٌ البَطْنِ and البَطْنِ ↓ حَاوِيَةٌ and البَطْنِ ↓ حَاوِيَآءُ all signify the same: (S:) the pl. is حَوَايَا; (K;) or this is the pl. of حَوِيَّةٌ, signifying the أَمْعَآء [or intestines into which the food passes from the stomach]; and the pl. of حَاوِيَةٌ and حَاوِيَآءُ is [said to be] حَوَاوٍ; (S;) but IB says that this latter pl. is not held to be allowable by Sb, and that حَوَايَا is the pl. of all the three sings., [originally] of the measure فَعَائِلُ as pl. of the first, and فَوَاعِلُ as pl. of the second and third [though in these two cases it should be by rule حَوَآءٍ]: AHeyth says that حَوَايَا as pl. of حَاوِيَةٌ is like زَوَايَا as pl. of زَاوِيَةٌ: and ISk mentions الحَاوِيَاتُ as pl. of الحَاوِيَةُ and الحَاوِيَآءُ, [in the latter case like قَاصِعَاتٌ as pl. of قَاصِعَآءُ,] and explains it as signifying بَنَاتُ اللَّبَنِ [app. meaning the small guts, or intestines, in which originate the lacteals]. (TA.) b2: Also sing. of حَوَايَا signifying Winding excavations or hollows, which the rain fills, and in which it remains a long time because the soil at the bottom thereof is cohesive and hard, retaining the water: the Arabs call them [also] أَمْعَآء, likening them to the حَوَايَا of the belly: accord. to AA, the pl. signifies i. q. مَسَاطِحُ [pl. of مِسْطَحٌ], made by collecting earth and stones upon smooth and hard rock, to confine thereby water: accord. to IB, on the authority of IKh, wells that are dug in the district of Kelb, in hard ground, whereby is confined the water of the torrents, which they drink throughout the year: accord. to Nasr, a certain construction with masses of rock in the form of a pool, on the way to Et-Teghlibeeyeh, near Ood: accord. to ISd, the sing. signifies a smooth and hard rock which is surrounded with stones and earth, in which water collects. (TA.) b3: Also A [garment of the kind called] كِسَآء, stuffed [with ثُمَام or the like], which is wound round the hump of the camel; (S, K; *) i. q. سَوِيَّةٌ, except that the former is only for camels, and the latter is sometimes for other animals: pl. حَوَايَا: (S:) a subst. from 2 in the last of the senses assigned to it above: (IAth:) [the same is app. meant by what here follows:] a certain thing that is prepared for a woman to ride upon. (TA. [But it was also used by men.]) 'Omeyr Ibn-Wahb El-Jumahee said, on the day of Bedr, when he computed the number of the companions of the Prophet, رَأَيْتُ الحَوَايَا عَلَيْهَا المَنَايَا [meaning I saw the حوايا with the men of courage upon them]: (S:) [for]

مَنِيَّةٌ [sing. of منايا] means (assumed tropical:) “ a man of courage upon his saddle. ” (TA.) حُوَيَّةٌ [a dim. of حَيَّةٌ]: see what next follows.

رَجُلٌ حَوَّآءٌ A man who collects serpents (حَيَّات); and so ↓ حَاوٍ: [which latter, vulgarly pronounced حَاوِى, is also now applied to a serpent-charmer; and a juggler who performs various tricks with serpents &c.:] (K in art. حى:) or the latter, (S in that art.,) or both, (T in that art.,) an owner of serpents; (T, S;) and so حَاىٍ: (T:) the pl. of حَاوٍ is حُوَاةٌ. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] ↓ الحَوَّآءُ الحُوَيَّةُ (assumed tropical:) The constellations Serpentarius and Serpens. (Kzw.) حَاوٍ: see what next precedes.

حَاوِيَةٌ: see حَوِيَّةٌ, in three places.

حَاوِيَآءُ: see حَوِيَّةٌ, in two places.

حَاوِىٌّ: see حَائِىٌّ, in art. حوأ.

حَيَّةٌ [meaning A serpent] is said by some to be from تَحَوَّى, because what is so termed gathers itself together, and winds, or coils, itself; (ISd, * K, * TA;) and to be originally حَوْيَةٌ; (TA in art. حى;) and their opinion is strengthened by the forms and meaning of the words حَوَّآءٌ and حَاوٍ (TA) [and by the form and meaning of the word مَحْوَاةٌ]: or the حيّة is so called because of the length of its life (لِطُولِ حَيَاتِهَا). (K. [See the next art.]) أَحْوَى: see art. حو.

أَحْوِىٌّ: see art. حو.

محوى [app. مَحْوًى]: see حِوَآءٌ.

أَرْضٌ مَحْوَاةٌ A land abounding with حَيَّات [or serpents]: (TA:) or containing serpents; as also مَحْيَاةٌ. (Ibn-Es-Sarráj, S in art. حى.) مَحْوِىٌّ pass. part. n. of حَوَاهُ. (Msb.) مُحَوًّى: see حِوَآءٌ.

محتوى [app. مُحْتَوًى]: see حِوَآءٌ.

حى: or حى and حيو 1 حَيِىَ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and حَىَّ, (S, K,) which latter is the more common, (Fr, S,) [like مَلَّ, originally مَلِلَ,] dual حَيِيَا, and حَيَّا, (Fr,) pl. حَيُوا, (Fr, S,) like خَشُوا, (S,) and حَيُّوا, (Fr, S,) as some say, (S,) aor. ـْ (S, Msb, K,) and يَحَىُّ, (Fr, K,) [like يَمَلُّ, originally يَمْلَلُ,] occurring in poetry, but improper, and disallowed by the Basrees, (Fr,) inf. n. حَيَاةٌ [q. v. infrà], (IB, Mgh, Msb,) or حَيَآءٌ, (K,) and حِىٌّ and حَيَوَانٌ, (IB,) which last has an intensive signification, like its contr. مَوَتَانٌ, (Msb,) He, or it, lived; or was, or became, in the state termed حَيَاةٌ, explained below. (S, K.) [The inf. n. حَيَوَانٌ (q. v. infrà) suggests the supposition that حَيِىَ may be originally حَيِوَ; but I find no authority for this supposition; and if it be the case, this verb presents the only instance of a root of which the medial radical letter is ى and the final و.] b2: حَيُوا, said of a people, or company of men, (assumed tropical:) They were, or became, in good condition: (AA, S:) or they were, or became, fat, by having the means of subsistence, بَعْدَ هُزَالٍ [after leanness]. (Az. [See also 4.]) b3: You say also, حَيَّتِ النَّارُ, inf. n. حَيَاةٌ and حَيَآءٌ, (assumed tropical:) [The fire was, or became, alive, or burning,] like as you say, مَاتَت. (AHn.) b4: حَيِىَ الطَّرِيقُ (assumed tropical:) The road, or way, was, or became, apparent, or distinct. (K.) One says, إِذَا حَيِىَ لَكَ الطَّرِيقُ فَخُذْ يَمْنَةً (assumed tropical:) [When the road, or way, becomes apparent, or distinct, to thee, take to the right]. (TA.) b5: حَيِىَ and حَيِىَ مِنْهُ, aor. ـْ inf. n. حَيَآءٌ: see 10, in two places.

A2: حَىَّ الخَمْسِينَ: see 2.2 حيّاهُ, inf. n. تَحِيَّةٌ, (Mgh, Msb, K,) in its primary sense, i. q. ↓ احياهُ. (Mgh.) You say, حَيَّاكَ اللّٰهُ, (S, K,) meaning May God preserve thee alive; prolong thy life; or make thee to continue in life; syn. أَبْقَاكَ; (Fr, Selemeh Ibn-'Ásim, K;) as also ↓ احياك; (Selemeh Ibn-'Ásim, TA;) or عَمَّرَكَ: (Aboo-'Othmán El-Mázinee, Mgh, TA:) or may God save thee; or make thee to be free from evil, or harm, or the like: (Fr, TA:) or may God make thee to have dominion: (Fr, S, K:) or may God honour thee, and benefit thee. (Ham. p. 489.) And حَيَّاكَ اللّٰهُ وَبَيَّاكَ [explained in art. بى]. (TA.) And حَيَّا اللّٰهُ وَجْهَكَ [May God preserve thy face: see مُحَيًّا]. (Ham p. 23.) b2: Also He said to him حَيَّاكَ اللّٰهُ, explained above: (Mgh:) originally, he prayed for his life: and then, he prayed for him, absolutely: (Msb:) he saluted him; (K, TA;) and so حيّاهُ تَحِيَّةَ المُؤْمِنِ: (Lh, TA:) as used in the language of the law, he said to him, سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ. (Msb.) b3: [See also تَحِيَّةٌ, below.]

A2: حيّا الخَمْسِينَ [in the CK (erroneously) الخَمْسِينَ ↓ حَىَّ] He approached [the age of] fifty. (IAar, K, TA.) A3: حَيَّيَتُ حَآءً حَسَنةً and حَسَنًا [I wrote a beautiful ح]. (TA in باب الالف اللّينة.) 3 حَايَيْتُ النَّارَ, (inf. n. مُحَايَاةٌ, TA,) i. q. ↓ أَحْيَيْتُهَا [i. e. (assumed tropical:) I gave life to, enlivened, or revived, the fire] by blowing. (K.) [See also 2 in art. رهب; where a similar meaning is assigned to the former verb; but perhaps it is there a mistranscription.] مُحَايَاةٌ also signifies Nourishment (غِذَآء [which is properly speaking a subst., but seems to be here used as an inf. n.,]) for, or of a child, (K, TA,) with that whereby is his life, or, as in the M, because thereby is his life. (TA.) 4 احياهُ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. إِحْيَآءٌ, (TA,) said of God, (S, Msb,) He made him alive, to live, or be a living being; quickened, endued with life, vivified, [revivified, revived, or resuscitated,] him. (S, * Msb, * K.) Hence, in the Kur [lxxv. last verse], أَلَيْسَ ذٰلِكَ بِقَادِرٍ أَنْ يُحْيِىَ المَوْتَى, (S, TA,) i. e. Is not That Doer of these things (Jel) [able to quicken the dead?]. b2: See also 2, in two places. b3: (assumed tropical:) He (God) endued him with the intellectual faculty: as in the saying, in the Kur [vi. 122], أَوَمَنْ كَانَ مَيِّتًا فَأَحْيَيْنَاهُ (assumed tropical:) [And is he who was intellectually dead and whom we have endued with the intellectual faculty...?]. (Er-Rághib.) b4: See also 3. b5: احيا الأَرْضَ (assumed tropical:) He (God) revived the earth, or land, by the rain, so as to produce in it plants, or herbage. (TA.) And أُحْيِيَتِ الأَرْضُ (assumed tropical:) The land was tilled, and made productive. (AHn.) And احيا المَوَاتِ (tropical:) He turned to use the unowned and unused and uncultivated land by walling it round or sowing it or building upon it and the like. (TA.) b6: Also (assumed tropical:) He (a man) found the land to be fruitful, or abundant in herbage, (S, K,) with fresh herbage. (K.) b7: احيا اللَّيْلَ (assumed tropical:) He passed the night in religious service, worship, adoration, or devotion, abstaining from sleep: (TA:) or [simply] he remained awake during the night. (W p. 9.) And احيا لَيْلَتَهُ He passed his night awake. (MA.) A2: احيت النَّاقَةُ The she-camel had living offspring; (S, K;) her offspring seldom, or never, died. (S.) b2: احيا القَوْمُ The people, or company of men, had their cattle living: (K:) or had their cattle in good condition: (AA, S, K:) or had rain, so that their beasts obtained herbage to such a degree that they became fat: (Az:) or they (themselves) became in a state of abundance of herbage, or plenty. (S, K. [See also 1.]) 5 تحيّا مِنْهُ (assumed tropical:) He shrank from it: taken from الحَيَآءُ [or الحَيَاةُ]; because it is of the nature of the living to shrink: or it is originally تَحَوَّى; the و being changed into ى; or [in other words] from الحَىُّ “ the act of collecting,” [inf. n. of حَوَاهُ,] like تَحَيَّزَ from الحَوْزُ. (TA.) [See also 10.]6 تَحَايَا as quasi-pass. of 3, He quickened, enlivened, or revived, himself. See an ex. voce رُوحٌ.]10 استحياهُ He spared him; let him live; or left him alive; (S, Msb, K, TA;) did not slay him; (Msb;) in which sense the verb has but one form: (Msb, TA:) or he left him; let him alone; or forbore from him. (Mgh.) b2: Hence, as some say, (K,) إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَا يَسْتَحْيِى أَنْ يَضْرِبَ مَثَلًا, (S, K,) in the Kur [ii. 24], i. e. لَا يَسْتَبْقِى

[meaning Verily God will not spare to propound, or refrain from propounding, a parable, or as a parable]. (S.) [Hence, also,] إِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَسْتَحْيِى مِنْ ذِى الشَّيْبَةِ المُسْلِمِ أَنْ يُعَذِّبَهُ, i. e. [Verily God] forbears from punishing [the hoary Muslim]. (Er-Rághib.) b3: [اِسْتَحْيَى, or اِسْتَحْيَا, which latter is the more proper mode of writing it, also signifies He felt, or had a sense of, or he was, or became, moved or affected with, shame, shyness, or bashfulness; and particularly, but not always, honest shame, or pudency, or modesty; or his soul shrank from foul things; as also اِسْتَحَى; and ↓ حَيِىَ, inf. n. حَيَآءٌ.] استحيى is of the dial. of El-Hijáz; and استحى, with a single ى, is of the dial. of Temeem; (Akh, S, Msb;) the former being the original, (Akh, S,) and that which is used in the Kur: (Msb:) in the latter, the first ى [of the original] is suppressed, [and its vowel is transferred to the ح,] to facilitate the pronunciation, because of the occurrence of the two ى s together: this is the opinion of Sb; and with it agrees that of Aboo-'Othmán [ElMázinee]: the opinion ascribed to Sb in the S, namely, that اِسْتَحَيْتُ is changed from اِسْتَحْيَيْتُ in like manner as اِسْتَبَعْتُ is changed from اِسْتَبٌيَعْتُ, is that of Kh, and is disallowed by El-Mázinee. (IB.) You say, استحيى منه, (S, K, [in the CK, erroneously, عَنْهُ,]) or استحيا منه, (Mgh, Msb,) and استحى منه, and استحياهُ, (S, Msb, K, TA,) and استحاهُ; (TA, [and so in the CK in the place of استحياهُ;]) as also منه ↓ حَيِىَ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـْ (S,) inf. n. حَيَآءٌ; (S, * Mgh, Msb, K;) He was ashamed of it or on account of it, or ashamed to do it, or shy of doing it; [generally meaning a foul thing;] he was ashamed for himself, or of himself, or was bashful, or shy, with respect to it, or him; he was abashed at, or shy of, it, or him; (K;) he shrank from it, or him: (Msb, K: *) and استحيى مِنْ كَذَا [or استحيا] He disdained, or scorned, such a thing; abstained from it, or refused to do it, by reason of disdain and pride; he dislike, or hated, it, and his soul was above it; he shunned it, avoided it, or kept himself far from it; syn. أَنِفَ مِنْهُ. (TA.) حَىَّ a verbal noun, (S, M, Mgh, TA,) and therefore immediately followed by عَلَى, (M, TA,) used as an imperative [addressed to a single person, male or female, and to more than one]; (S;) used in calling, or summoning, or inviting, and urging; (Lth, T, TA;) and having no verb derived from it [alone, for حَيْعَلَ is derived from حَىَّ and عَلَى together]; (Lth, T, Msb, TA;) meaning Come: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, TA, &c.:) or come quickly: or hasten. (Mgh, TA.) Hence, حَىَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاهٌ (in the أَذَان, TA) Come to prayer: (IKt, S, M, Msb, K:) or come ye to prayer: or come ye quickly: or hasten ye. (TA.) And حَىَّ عَلَى الفَلَاحْ [in the same: see art. فلح]. (Mgh, TA.) And حَىَّ عَلَى الغَدَآءِ [Come to the morning-meal]: and على العَشَآءِ [to the evening-meal]: (Msb:) and على الثَّرِيدِ [to the crumbled bread moistened with broth]: (S:) and على الخَيْرِ [to good, good fortune, prosperity, &c.]. (Lth, T, TA.) The saying of Ibn-Ahmar, حَىَّ الحُمُولَ فَإِنَّ الرَّكْبَ قَدْ ذَهَبَا means Keep thou to the loads [for the riders upon the camels have gone]. (TA.) b2: In the phrase حَىَّ هَلَ, and حَىَّ هَلًا, followed by عَلَى كَذَا and إِلَى كَذَا, and حَىَّ هَلَا, (K,) which last is used in a case of pausation, but is bad in other cases, (S in art. هل,) and حَىَّ هَلْ, and حَيَّهْل, [so in the copies of the K,] with the ه quiescent, (K,) and حىّ هلن [app. حَىَّ هَلَنْ, for حَىَّ هَلًا, or perhaps a mistranscription for حَىَّ هَلَكَ], (TA,) [the most common rendering of حَىَّ هَلَ &c. is like that of حَىَّ alone, namely, Come: or] حىّ signifies hasten thou; and [هل or] هلا, come to it, or reach it; [so that the meaning is hasten thou: come to such a thing:] or حىّ signifies come; and [هل or] هلا, quickly (حَثِيثًا), or be thou quick; [so that the meaning is come quickly to such a thing:] or [هل or]

هلا signifies be thou quiet; and the meaning is أَسْرِعْ عِنْدَ ذِكْرِهِ وَاسْكُنْ حَتَّى يَنْقَضِىَ [Speed thou at the mention thereof, and be quiet until it is finished]. (K.) Accord. to Abu-lKhattáb, the Arabs used to say, حَىَّ هَلَ الصَّلَاةَ, meaning Come thou to prayer. (TA.) And one says, حَىَّ هَلْ بِفُلَانٍ, (IAar, and so in the CK,) and حَىَّ هَلًا بفلان, (IAar, and so in MS. copies of the K,) and حَىَّ هَلَ بفلان, meaning Hasten thou with such a one: (IAar:) or keep thou to such a one, and call him. (K.) It is said in a trad., إِذَا ذُكِرَ الصَّالِحُونَ فِحَىَّ هَلَ بِعُمَرَ, (S in art. هل,) or فَحَيَّهَلًا بِعُمَرَ, (TA,) i. e. [When the good, or righteous, are mentioned, then] keep thou to 'Omar, and call 'Omar, (S ubi suprà, and TA,) and begin with him, and be quick in mentioning him; (TA;) for he is of such. (S ubi suprà.) Accord. to some of the grammarians, (TA,) when you say حَىَّ هَلًا, with tenween, it is as though you said حَثًّا; and without tenween, it is as though you said الحَثَّ; the tenween being made a sign of indeterminateness; and the omission of it, a sign of determinateness: and so it is in all compounds of this kind. (K.) [See also art. هل.]

حَىٌّ Living, having life, alive, or quick; contr. of مَيِّتٌ [or مَيْتٌ]; (S, Mgh, * Msb, * K;) and ↓ حَيَوَانٌ is syn. with حَىٌّ [as meaning having animal life]: (IB:) dim. of the former ↓ حُيَىٌّ: (Msb:) and pl. أحْيَآءٌ. (Msb, K.) When you say of a person, لَيْسَ بِحَىٍّ, you mean that he is dead: (Lh:) but مِنْهَا ↓ ضُرِبَ ضَرْبَةً لَيْسَ بِحَاىٍ, (Lh, K,) [in the CK ضَرَبَ, and] in [some of] the copies of the K, erroneously, بِحَآءٍ, (TA,) means [He was struck a blow] in consequence of which he will not live: (Lh, K: *) like as the saying لَا تَأْكُلْ كَذَا فَإِنَّكَ مَارِضٌ means Thou wilt be sick if thou eat such a thing. (Lh, K.) Accord. to ISh, one says, أَتَانَا حَىُّ فُلَانٍ, meaning Such a one came to us in his life [-time]: and سَمِعْتُ حَىَّ فُلَانٍ يَقُولُ كَذَا, meaning I heard such a one say thus in his life [-time]: (TA:) [or the former may mean Such a one himself came to us: and the latter, I heard such a one himself say thus: for] حى [i. e. حَىّ as a prefixed noun] is sometimes redundant, like آل and ذُو: (Ham p. 308:) [and] IB says that حَىُّ فُلَانٍ means Such a one himself. (TA.) And they say, أَهْلِكَ ↓ كَيْفَ أَنْتَ وَحَيَّةُ, i. e. How art thou, and those remaining alive of thy family? (TA.) b2: Applied to God, Deathless. (Er-Rághib.) b3: Possessing the faculty of growth, as an animal, and as a plant: (Er-Rághib:) and, applied to a plant, fresh, juicy, or succulent, and growing tall. (TA.) b4: [Sensitively alive;] possessing the faculty of sensation. (Er-Rághib.) b5: (assumed tropical:) [Intellectually alive;] possessing the faculty of intellect. (Er-Rághib.) [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) A Muslim; like as مَيِّتٌ means an unbeliever. (TA.) b6: (assumed tropical:) Lively, as meaning free from grief or sorrow. (Er-Rághib.) b7: (assumed tropical:) Whole, sound, or unbroken. (L and TA in art. صأب.) b8: أَرَضٌ حَيَّةٌ (assumed tropical:) Fruitful land; or land abounding with herbage; (K, TA;) like as ارض مَيْتَةٌ means unfruitful land. (TA.) b9: الشَّمْسُ حَيَّةٌ (assumed tropical:) The sun is, or was, of a clear colour, unaltered by approaching the place of setting; as though its setting were regarded as death: (TA:) or still bright and white: or still hot and powerful: but the former of these two meanings is the more probable. (Mgh.) b10: نَارٌ حَيَّةٌ (assumed tropical:) [A live, or burning, fire. (AHn.) b11: طَرِيقٌ حَىٌّ (assumed tropical:) An apparent, or a distinct, road or way: (K:) pl. أَحْيَآءٌ. (TA.) A2: See also حَيَّةٌ, first sentence.

A3: [A tribe] of the Arabs: (S:) the children, or descendants, of one father or ancestor, whether many or few: and a شَعْب comprising قَبَائِل: (Az, TA:) or a قَبِيلَة of the Arabs: (Msb:) or a بَطْن of the بُطُون of the Arabs: (K, TA:) pl. أَحْيَآءٌ. (S, Msb, K.) A4: The vulva, or external portion of the organs of generation, of a woman. (Az, K. See also حَيَآءٌ, of which حَىٌّ is also said to be a pl.) Hence, سَعَفُ الحَىِّ, applied by an Arab of the desert to The paraphernalia of a bride. (Az, TA.) A5: لَاحَىَّ عَنْهُ means لَامَنْعَ مِنْهُ, (Ks, K, *) i. e. [There is no forbiddance of him; or] nothing is forbidden him. (Fr.) A6: لَا يَعْرِفُ الحَىَّ مِنَ اللَّىِّ He knows not, or will not know, what is true from what is false; (IAar, K, Har p. 236;) and so الحَوَّ من اللَّوِّ: (TA:) or the حَوِيَّة [or winding gut, &c.,] from the twisting of the rope: (K:) or overt speech from covert: or the living from the dead: or the act of turning round, or winding, [see حَوَاهُ, (in art. حوى,) of which حَىٌّ is an inf. n.,] from the act of twisting. (Har ubi suprà.) A7: The act of collecting. (TA. [But in this and some other senses it is an inf. n. of حَوَى: see 1 in art. حوى.]) A8: أَحْيَآءٌ as pl. of حَآءٌ: see art. حوأ.

حِىٌّ: see حَيَاةٌ, of which it is said to be a syn.: and of which it is also said to be a pl.:

A2: and see حَيَآءٌ, of which, also, it is said to be a pl.

حَيَّةٌ [A serpent;] a certain thing well known: (K, TA:) [improperly explained in the Msb as syn. with أَفْعًى:] applied to the male and the female; (S, Msb;) the ة being added to denote one of a kind, as in بَطَّةٌ and دَجَاجَةٌ; [although حَىٌّ is not used as a coll. gen. n.; and] although the saying عَلَى حَيَّةٍ ↓ رَأَيْتُ حَيًّا, as meaning [I saw] a male [serpent] upon a female [serpent], is related as having been heard from the Arabs: (S:) but ↓ حَيُّوتٌ is also applied to the male; (Az, S, K;) the ت being augmentative; for the word is originally حَيُّو [or حَيُّوٌّ]: (Az, TA:) it is said that it does not die unless by an accident: and they say of a long-lived man, مَا هُوَ إِلَّا حَيَّةٌ [He is none other than a serpent]; and in like manner they say of a woman; as though it were called حيّة because of its long life: [for] some, including Sb, say that it is derived from حَيَاةٌ, as the rel. n. is حَيَوِىٌّ, not حَوَوِىٌّ: and to him who objects that one says رَجُلٌ حَوَّآءٌ [meaning “ a man who collects serpents ”], it is replied that حَيَّةٌ and حَوَّآءٌ are of different roots, like لُؤْلُؤٌ and لَأّلٌ, &c.: but it may be from تَحَوَّى, because of its winding, or coiling, itself; and some say that it is originally حَوْيَةٌ; some, that it is originally حَيْوَةٌ: (TA:) [the dim. is ↓ حُيَيَّةٌ:] the pl. is حَيَّاتٌ (K) and حَيْوَاتٌ, (K, TA,) or حَيَوَاتٌ. (So in some copies of the K [agreeably with the dial. of Hudheyl].) Hence the prov. هُوَ أَبْصَرُ مِنْ حَيَّةٍ

[He is more sharp-sighted than a serpent]; because of the sharpness of its sight: and أَظْلَمُ مِنْ حَيَّةٍ [more wrongful in conduct than a serpent]; because it comes to the burrow of the [lizard called] ضَبّ, and eats its young one, and takes up its abode in its burrow. (TA.) and سَقَاهُ اللّٰهُ دَمَ الحَيَّاتِ [May God give him to drink the blood of the serpents]; i. e., (assumed tropical:) destroy him. (TA.) And ↓ لَا تَلِدُ الحَيَّةُ إِلَّا حُيَيَّةً [The serpent does not bring forth anything save a little serpent]: a prov. applied to the cunning and mischievous, or malignant. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ حَيَّةُ الوَادِى, or الأَرْضِ, or البَلَدِ, or الحَمَاطِ, (assumed tropical:) Such a one is cunning and mischievous, or malignant, (IAar, K,) and intelligent, in the utmost degree: (IAar:) [or] فلان حيّة الوادى means (assumed tropical:) such a one is strong in resisting, a defender of his possessions. (TA.) And حَيَّةُ الوَادِى is also an appellation applied to (assumed tropical:) The lion; (K, TA;) because of his cunning, or craftiness. (TA.) One says also, هُمْ حَيَّةُ الأَرْضِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) They are cunning, guileful, malignant, or mischievous, and strong, not neglecting to take blood-revenge: so in a saying of Dhu-l-Isba' El-'Adwánee cited voce عَذِيرٌ. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ حَيَّةٌ ذَكَرٌ (S, TA) (assumed tropical:) Such a one is courageous and strong. (TA.) and رَأْسُهُ رَأْسُ حَيَّةٍ (assumed tropical:) He is clever, or ingenious; acute, or sharp; intelligent. (TA.) And رَأَيْتُ فى كِتَابِهِ حَيَّاتِ وَعَقَارِبَ (assumed tropical:) I saw in his letter slanders, or calumnies, addressed to the ruling power, in order to cause the object thereof to fall into embarrassment from which escape would be difficult. (TA.) b2: الحَيَّةُ is also a name of (assumed tropical:) [The constellation Draco; commonly called التِّنِّينُ;] certain stars [partly] between the فَرْقَدَانِ [or B and y of Ursa Minor] and بَنَاتُ نَعْشٍ [meaning the stars in the tail of Ursa Major]: (K:) so called by way of comparison. (TA.) b3: And حَيَّةٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) A certain mark made with a hot iron upon the neck, and upon the thigh, of a camel, twisting, or winding, like the حَيَّة [properly so called]. (Ibn-Habeeb, TA.) A2: See also حَىٌّ.

حَيًا Rain; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ حَيَآءٌ: (K:) or much rain: (Har p. 185:) as being the means of giving life to the earth: (TA:) and (assumed tropical:) plenty; or abundance of herbage, (S, K,) and the means of giving life to the earth and to men; as being caused by the rain; and so ↓ حَيَآءٌ: (TA:) or [simply] herbage; because produced by the rain: and fat, and fatness; because produced by the herbage: (Ham p. 662:) dual. حَيَيَانِ: (S:) and pl. أَحْيَآءٌ. (TA.) حَيَا الرَّبِيعِ means The rain [called ربيع, or of the season thus called,] that gives life to the earth. (TA.) A2: See also the next paragraph.

حَيَآءٌ an inf. n. of حَيِىَ in the first of the senses explained in this art. (K.) b2: [Hence,] syn. with حَيًا, in two senses: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places. b3: Also inf. n. of حَيِىَ as syn. with اِسْتَحْيَى; (S, * Mgh, Msb, K;) i. q. اِسْتِحْيَآءٌ; (S;) Shame; a sense of shame; shyness, or bashfulness; [and particularly, but not always, honest shame, or pudency, or modesty;] syn. حِشْمَةٌ; (K;) a shrinking of the soul from foul conduct, (Bd in ii. 24, and Er-Rághib,) through fear of blame; (Bd ibid.;) a languor that affects the animal faculty, (Bd ibid, and Mgh, *) and turns it back from its actions: (Bd:) and repentance; syn. تَوْبَةٌ. (K.) b4: And hence, as being a thing that should be concealed, and of which one is ashamed to speak plainly, (TA,) The vulva, or external portion of the female organs of generation, (فَرْج, El-Fárábee, Msb, K, or رَحِم, [which here means the same,] S,) of a camel, (El-Fárábee, S, Msb, K,) or an animal having feet like those of the camel, and of a cloven-hoofed animal, and of a beast of prey: (K:) accord. to Az, the دُبُر [here meaning the same as فَرْج] of any of these and of other animals: (Msb:) accord. to IAar, it is of the ewe or she-goat, the cow, and the gazelle: (ISd, TA:) and [sometimes] the فَرْج of a girl, (El-Fárábee, Msb,:) or of a woman: (Zj in his “ Khalk el-Insán: ” [see also حَىٌّ:]) and ↓ حَيًا signifies the same; (K;) but accord. to Az, this is not allowable except in poetry, in a case of necessity: (TA:) pl. أَحْيَآءٌ (Az, IJ, K) and أَحْيِيَةٌ (As, Sb, S, K) and, by contraction, أَحِيَّةٌ, (Sb, IB, TA,) which is said to be preferable, (TA,) and [quasi-pl. n.] ↓ حَىٌّ and ↓ حِىٌّ [which two have been mistaken by Freytag for syns. of تَحِيَّةٌ, immediately following them in the K]. (Sb, K.) حَيَاةٌ, or ↓ حَيٰوة, (as in different copies of the K, in the latter manner in copies of the S,) written with و in the Kur, to show that و follows ى in the pl. [حَيَوَاتٌ, like صَلَوَاتٌ], or because the sound of the ا is inclined towards that of و, (ISd, TA,) and ↓ حَيَوْةٌ, with sukoon to the و, (K,) which is substituted for the ا of حَيَاةٌ, as is done by the people of El-Yemen in the case of every ا that is changed from و, as in صَلَاةٌ and زَكَاةٌ, though the final radical letter of the verb of حَيَاةٌ is ى, (TA,) an inf. n. of حَيِىَ in the first of the senses explained in this art.; (IB, Mgh, Msb;) Life; contr. of مَوْتٌ; (S, K;) as also ↓ حَيَوَانٌ and ↓ حِىٌّ, (K,) or this last is asserted to be a pl. of حَيٰوةٌ, (S,) and as also ↓ مَحْيًا, (S, * Har pp. 25 and 350,) of which the pl. is مَحَاىٍ: (S:) حَيَاةٌ signifies the faculty of growth, as in an animal, and in a plant: and the faculty of sensation: and (assumed tropical:) the faculty of intellect: and (assumed tropical:) freedom from grief or sorrow: and everlasting life in the world to come; to which one attains by that حياة which is intelligence and knowledge: and the حياة that is an attribute of God. (Er-Rághib.) يَا لَيْتَنِى قَدَّمْتُ لِحَيَاتِى, in the Kur [lxxxix. 25], means [O, would that I had prepared, or laid up in store,] for my everlasting state of existence. (Er-Rághib.) And ↓ فَإِنَّ الدَّارَ الآخِرَةَ لَهِىَ الحَيَوَانُ, in the Kur [xxix. 64], means [And verily the last abode is] the abode of everlasting life: (TA:) or الحيوان here means the life that will not be followed by death: or much life; like as مَوَتَانٌ signifies much death: (Msb:) and it is also the name of a certain fountain in Paradise, [the water of] which touches nothing but it lives, by permission of God. (TA.) الحَيٰوةُ الطَّيِّبَةُ, accord. to I'Ab, explaining xvi. 99 of the Kur, (TA,) means Lawful means of subsistence (K, TA) in the present world: (TA:) or Paradise. (K, TA.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) Advantage, or profit; or a cause, or means, thereof: whence the saying, لَيْسَ لِفُلَانٍ حَيَاةٌ There is not, in such a one, profit, nor good: and so it is said to mean in the Kur [ii. 175], وَلَكُمْ فِى القِصَاصِ حَيٰوةٌ (assumed tropical:) [And there is to you, in retaliation, an advantage]: (TA:) or this means that the knowledge of the law of retaliation restrains from slaughter, and so is a cause of life to two persons; and because they used to slay one who was not the slayer, retaliation upon the slayer is a cause of saving the lives of the rest: or the meaning is life in the world to come; for when the slayer has suffered retaliation in the present world, he is not punished for his act in the world to come. (Bd.) b3: حَيَاةُ الشَّمْسِ means (assumed tropical:) The remaining of the light and whiteness of the sun: or the remaining of its heat and power: but the former of these two meanings is the more probable. (Mgh. [See الشَّمْسُ حَيَّةٌ, voce حَىٌّ.]) حَيٰوةٌ and حَيَوْةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

حَيِىٌّ Having حَيَآء [i. e. shame, shyness, bashfulness, pudency, or modesty]; (K;) part. n. of حَيِىَ as syn. with استحيى; of the measure فَعِيلٌ: (Msb:) fem. حَيِيَّةٌ. (TA.) The saying of I'Ab, اَللّٰهُ حَيِىٌّ, means God is one who acts with others in the manner of him who has حَيَآء; for حَيَآء in its proper sense is not ascribable to Him: (Mgh:) or one who leaves undone evil deeds, and does good deeds. (Er-Rághib.) حُيَىٌّ: see حَىٌّ, of which it is the dim.

حُيَيَّةٌ: see حَيَّةٌ, (of which it is the dim.,) in two places.

A2: And dim. of حَآءٌ, q. v. in art. حوأ. (Lth, TA in باب الالف الليّنة.) حَيَوِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, the serpent;] rel. n. of حَيَّةٌ. (S.) A2: [And rel. n. of حَا: see حَائِىٌّ in art. حوأ.]

حَيَوَانٌ an inf. n. of حَيِىَ, like حَيَاةٌ, (IB,) but having an intensive signification: (Msb:) see حَيَاةٌ, in two places. b2: See also حَىٌّ, first sentence. b3: Also Any thing, or things, possessing animal life, (Msb, K, *) whether rational or irrational; [an animal, and animals;] used alike as sing. and pl., because originally an inf. n.; (Msb;) contr. of مَوَتَانٌ [q. v.]. (S.) [حَيَوَانَاتٌ is used as its pl. of pauc. And hence,] الحَيَوَانَاتُ الخَمْسُ [The five animals] is applied to what may be killed by a person in the state of إِحْرَام, and by one engaged in prayer: (Msb in art. فسق:) these are the rat, or mouse, and the biting dog, and either the serpent, the crow termed أَبْقَع, and the kite, or the serpent, the scorpion, and the kite, or the serpent, the scorpion, and the crow, or the scorpion, the crow, and the kite. (Es-Suyootee, in “ El-Jámi' es-Sagheer,” voce خَمْسٌ.) It is originally حَيَيَانٌ; (Sb, K, TA;) the ى which is the final radical letter being changed into و because the occurrence of two ى together is disliked: (Sb, TA:) Aboo-'Othmán [El-Má- zinee] holds the و to be a radical letter; but his opinion is said to be not admissible, because it is asserted that there is no instance in the language of a word of which the medial radical is ى, and the final و. (TA.) حَيَوَانِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, an animal or animals]. b2: It is [also] particularly applied to A seller of birds. (TA.) حَيَوَانِيَّةٌ Animality; or animal nature.]

حَيُّوتٌ: see حَيَّةٌ.

حَاىٍ, of the measure فَاعِلٌ, [said to be] originally حَايِوٌ, is syn. with حَاوٍ and حَوَّآءٌ, belonging to art. حوى [q. v.]. (Az, TA.) أُحَىُّ and أُحَىٌّ and أُحَىٍّ: see art. حو.

أُحَيْوٍ: see art. حو.

أَحْيَى in the saying أَحْيَى مِنْ ضَبٍّ [More longlived than a ضبّ, a kind of lizard, which is supposed to live seven hundred years,] is from الحَيَاةُ. (TA.) b2: In the sayings أَحْيَى مِنْ هَدِىٍّ [More shy, or bashful, than the bride] and أَحْيَى مِنْ مُخَدَّرَةٍ [More shy, or bashful, than a girl kept behind the curtain] it is from الحَيَآءُ. (TA.) تِحْيَاةٌ: see the next paragraph.

التَّحَايِى The two stars in the foot and before the foot of the foremost of Gemini: (Kzw:) or three stars over against الهَنْعَة [which is the Sixth Mansion of the Moon]; (IKt, K;) and sometimes the moon deviates from الهنعة, and makes its abode in التحايى: (IKt:) they are between the Milky Way and the stars that follow العَيُّوق [or Capella]: Aboo-Ziyád El-Kilábee used to say that this name means الهنعة, and is also pronounced التَّحَائِى, withء: but AHn says that the moon makes its abode in these stars, and not in الهنعة itself: (TA:) its sing. is ↓ تِحْيَاةٌ; (IKt, AHn, TA;) if so, of the measure تِفْعَلَةٌ, like تِحْلَبَةٌ, not فِعْلَاةٌ, like عِزْهَاةٌ, because there is no such root as تَحى; derived from الحَيَا, because its نَوْء [here meaning its auroral setting, in midwinter,] is attended with much rain: but التحائى, with ء, is irreg.; as though pl. of ↓ تَحِيَّةٌ likened to a word of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ. (IB.) تَحِيَّةٌ inf. n. of 2. (Mgh, Msb, K.) b2: Also A salutation, or greeting, (A'Obeyd, AHeyth, Mgh, Msb,) pronounced by one person to another on their meeting; (AHeyth;) particularly the saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ; (Mgh, * Msb;) and the like; (Mgh;) the most comprehensive form thereof, used by the believer [to his fellow-believer], being the saying السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللّٰهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ: (AHeyth:) hence it is pluralized; the pl. being تَحِيَّاتٌ and تَحَايَا. (Mgh.) b3: Also Continuance, or endurance; or endless, or everlasting, existence: (IAar, Msb, K, &c.:) and so it is said to mean in the following verse of Zuheyr Ibn-Jenáb ElKelbee; who was a [kind of] king among his people: قَدْ نِلْتُهُ إِلَّا التَّحِيَّهْ وَلَكُلُّ مَا نَالَ الفَتَى

[And indeed everything that the young man has attained, I have attained it, except endless existence]: or, as some say, it here means security from death and from evils. (TA. [But more probably the meaning is that next following: for in the Mz, 49th نوع, where this verse is cited, but with مِنْ كُلِّ in the place of وَلَكُلُّ, he is said to have been (not a king, but,) “ a nobleman. ” See also, respecting him, p. x. of my Preface.]) and (tropical:) Dominion, or kingship: (Fr, AA, S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.:) because the people of the Time of Ignorance used to greet kings [or rather those of Himyer] by the saying أَبَيْتَ الَّعْنَ, which they addressed to none other than a king; so that when any one of them became a king, it was said of him, فُلَانٌ نَالَ التَّحِيَّةَ [meaning (tropical:) Such a one has attained the kingship]. (Mgh: in which, and in the S, the foregoing verse is cited as an ex. of this last meaning.) التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلّٰهِ means Endless existence belongs to God: (Lth, Msb, TA:) or dominion, or kingship: (Lth, Yaakoob, S, Msb, TA:) or freedom, or security, from all evils, (Khálid Ibn-Yezeed, AHeyth,) and from all causes of the cessation of existence: (AHeyth:) or endless existence, and security from evils, and dominion, and the like: (Fr:) or the expressions [of praise] that indicate and imply the ascription of dominion and endless existence: (KT:) or salutations and benedictions are Gods, and at his disposal. (Mgh.) [التَّحِيَّاتُ is also a term applied to the following form of words repeated in the ordinary prayers: التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلّٰهِ وَالصَّلَوَاتُ وَالطَّيِّبَاتُ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِىُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللّٰهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللّٰهِ الصَّالِحِينَ

أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ, or (instead of عبده ورسوله) رَسُولُ اللّٰهِ: see 5 in art. شهد.] b4: The assigning to this word, as used in the Kur iv. 88, the meaning of A gift is a mistake. (Mgh.) A2: See also التَّحَايِى.

مَحْيًا: see حَيَاةٌ. b2: Also A time, and a place, of life. (TA.) مُحْىٍ and مُحْيِيَةٌ, applied to a she-camel, Having living offspring; whose offspring seldom, or never, die. (S.) مُحَيًّا The face (S, K, Ham p. 23) of a man, because it is specified in salutation; [see 2;] (Ham ubi suprá;) a term used only in praise; (Ham p. 640;) i. e. the face altogether: or the حُرّ of the face [i. e. the ball of the cheek; or what appears of the elevated part thereof; or what fronts one, of the face, &c.]. (K.) b2: Of a horse, it is The place where the flesh is separated (حيث انفرق اللحم) beneath the forelock. (Ham p. 23.) And دَائِرَةُ المُحَيَّا, in a horse, [The feather in] the place of separation [of the hair] beneath the forelock, in the upper part of the forehead. (TA.) محَيِّىٌ act. part. n. of 2; fem. مُحَيِّيَةٌ: (S, TA:) for in every noun in which three ىs occur together, [the last of them being the final radical, and ending the word,] if it is not formed from a verb, the final radical letter is elided from it, as in عُطَىٌّ the dim. of عَطَآءٌ, and in أُحَىُّ the dim. of أَحْوَى: but if it is formed from a verb, that letter remains, as in مُحَيِّىٌ from حَيَّى. (S.) أَرْضٌ مَحْيَاةٌ i. q. مَحْوَاةٌ, i. e. A land containing serpents: (Ibn-Es-Sarráj, S:) or abounding with serpents. (TA in art. حوى.) أَبُو يَحْيَى Death. (TA, Har p. 218.)

حوى: حوى على والمصدر منه حِوَايَة: ختلة وخدعه (فوك) وفي محيط المحيط: حويت الرجل.
وحوى: شعبذ، شعوذ (بوشر).
حوَّى وتحوَّى مأخوذتان من حاوٍ (انظر حاو) (فوك) وقد ذكرها في مادة ( Efeminatus) .
حَوَايَة: سحر حلال، سمياء، شعبذة، شعوذة (بوشر).
حِوَايَة: الاسم من ذكرت في معجم فوك في مادة ( Wfeminatus) .
حَوَّاء: حاوٍ: بالمعنى الأول الذي سأذكره لكلمة حاوٍ (باين سميث 1184= مشعبذ ورَقَّاء).
ويقول لين نقلا عن القزويني أن مجموعة النجوم المسماة بالحاوي يسمى أيضاً الحَوَّاء والحُوَيَّة وهذه الكلمة مكتوية هكذا في بعض مخطوطات هذا المؤلف (انظر طبعة وستنفيلد 1: 33، رقم 0) غير أن وستنفيلد طبع والحُيَّة اعتمادا على مخطوطات أخرى (1: 14) وكذلك عند دورن ص49 وفي ألف استر (1: 13): ( Venator serpentum) بالعربية: الحاسة (كذا). والحية (ص41) الحوة، الحية.
حاوٍ: لا يطلق على راقي الحيات وجامعها فقط. بل تطلق على الأحر أيضاً (همبرت ص157) وعلى المشعبذ والمشعوذ.
وحاو ويجمع على حِواً: جماعة البيوت المتدانية من الوبر (فوك، ألكالا).
حاوي العلوم: جامع العلوم، دائرة المعرف (بوشر).
حيّ:
حَيَّا. يقال: حَيَّا بكأس حين يشرب الرجل نخب آخر قائلا له حَيَّاك الله أي أطال حياتك.
ويقال أيضا: حياك الله بكذا إذا شرب نخبه وتمنى له شيئا (عباد 1: 367 - 368).
وحياه بالملك: سلم عليه بالملك، بويع بالملك وبالسلطان.
أحيا: كما يقال أحْيا ليلته في الصلاة. يقول الشاعر مسلم بن الوليد: أحْيَيْت نُجُوم الليل بالقوافي أي صرفت الليل ساهرا أنظم الشعر. وهو يقول أيضا: أحيا البكا ليله أي أسهره البكا ليله (معجم مسلم). تَحَيَّا: أنظر فريتاج. وقد ذكرت في معجم فوك في مادة حيّا.
وتَحَيَّا: انبعث حيّا، قام من الأموات، نُشِر (المعجم اللاتيني - العربي).
استحيا: انبعث حيا، قام من الأموات، نُشِر (ألكالا)؟، عباد 2: 14).
ومن هذا قيل: عيد الاستحياء: عيد القيامة، عيد الفصح (ألكالا).
استحيت منك لكثرة إحسانك إليَّ أخجلني كثرة إحسانك إليَّ (بوشر).
والعامة تقول استحت المرأة أي سترت وجهها عن الرجال (محيط المحيط).
حَيّ. يقال حيّ إذا كان فيه مد وجزر ضد بحر ميت. ففي الإدريسي (كليم 4 قسم 3).
في كلامه عن تورنت: مرسى فيه بحر حي ويقول بعد ذلك: يحيط بها البحر الحيّ والبحيرة.
وحَيُّ زيد أي زيد نفسه وأهل زيد الخ، أنظر المفصل طبعة بروش (ص41 وما بعدها).
الحي والميت: ذكر ألكالا في مادة ( Hay Cuyméit: satiriones yerva) غير أن هذا خطأ أو تصحيف، والصواب: الحَيّ والمَيِّت ( Ophry Ciliata Biv) وهو خصي الكلب وخصي الثعلب بصلة في أصله. وتوجد له بصلة حية وبصلة ميتة. ويقول العرب أن من يأكل البصلة الميتة يصاب بانحلال القوى والعجز عن الجماع. ومن يأكل البصلة الحية يزداد قوة على الجماع. (براكس، مجلة الشرق والجزائر 8: 342).
حي عالم: أبيد، مخلدة (نبات) (بوشر).
وحَيّ: طحلب اشنة، اشنة سمراء، ضريع (ألكالا).
وحّيّ: قرن الغزال، زيتة (براكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر 8: 348).
حَيّة بمعنى دودة (جوليوس) ويقال مثلاً: الحيات في الأمعاء (الجريدة الآسيوية 1853، 1: 347).
حية البحر: انقليس، جري، سلور (همبرت ص70).
حية زرزورية أو حية طيارة: نوع من الحيات انظر نيبور رحلة إلى بلاد العرب (ص167).
حية شمس: عظاية، ضب، سام أبرص (بوشر).
حية الماء: ثعبان الماء، عدار (بوشر).
سمك حية أو سمك حيات: انقليس، جري سلور (بوشر).
حَيَاة. وحياتك: حقا، بلا ريب، بلا شك (بوشر).
وحياة محبَّتِك: قضسماً بحبك ويستعمل هذا القسم للإنكار (بوشر).
وحياة رَأْسِي: سحقا لك (بوشر، ألف ليلة 1: 31).
شَجَر الحياةِ: شجرة اسمها العلمي ( Theeya) وهي عفصية، جنس شجرة من الفصيلة الصنوبرية (بوشر).
ماءُ الحياة: عرق (شراب مسكر) (ألكالا).
وحياة: سمك بحري غير ملح (ألكالا).
حَيَوان: تعني عند أهل تمبكتو كل أنواع المنقولات من الأملاك والعروض منها (بارت 454).
وهذه الكلمة تعني عند أهل الكيمياء معنى خاصاً (المقدمة 3: 199) ويقول دي سلان إنه لا يعرف المعنى المقصود منها. الحيوانات الخمس: يظهر أنها تعني خمسة أنواع من الهوام الدنسة المؤذية المزعجة مثل القمل والبراغيث والبق الخ. أنظرها في مادة فاسق.
حَيَوانِيّ. روح حيواني عند الأطباء، أنظر العبارة في معجم المنصوري في مادة بَطْنُ.
قُوَّة حيوانية: إحساس (فوك) يعني الحاسة والحس (انظر دوكانج).
حُوَيَّن ويجمع على حُوينات: دُوَيبة، وهو تصغير حيوان.
تَحَيْوَن: توحش، اختبل، تبلَّة (هلو).
مَحْيَا. ليلة المَحْيَا: ليلة الحياة وهي عند الشيعة ليلة السابع والعشرين من شهر رجب (ابن بطوطة 1: 417).
محايا: ماء الحياة، عرق (دوماس حياة العرب ص298).
مُسْتَحا: أستحياء، خجل، احتشام (بوشر).
مستحية: حَسَّاسة (نبات) (بوشر).

حمر الحُمْرَةُ لَوْنُ الأحْمَرِ. واحْمَرَّ الشَّيْءُ احْمِرَارا. واحْمَارَّ يَحْمارُّ احْمِيْراراً. ويُقال للعَجَمِ الحَمْراءُ؛ لِحُمْرَةِ ألْوَانِهم. ورِجالٌ أحْمَرُوْنَ وأسْوَدُوْنَ. ومَوْتٌ أحْمَرُ، ومَنِيَّةٌ حَمْرَاءُ شَدِيْدَةٌ، وكذلك سَنَةٌ حَمْرَاءُ وسِنُوْنَ حَمْرَاواتٌ. وقد يكونُ الأحْمَرُ الأبْيَضَ في قَوْلِ أوْسٍ
وأحْمَرَ جَعْداً عليه النُّسُوْرُ
ويقولونَ: " الحُسْنُ أحْمَر " أي مَنْ طَلَبَ الجَمَالَ تَجَشَّمَ فيه المَشَقَّةَ. والحُمُوْرَةُ: الحُمْرَةُ. والأحْمَرَانِ: الخَمْرُ واللَّحْمُ. والأحامِرَةُ: الزَّعْفَرَانُ واللَّحْمُ والخَمْرُ. والحَمَرُ: داءٌ يَعْتَري من كَثْرَةِ الشَّعِير، حَمِرَ البِرْذَوْنُ. وكُلُّ حَمِرٍ أبْخَرُ، ومنه قَوْلُه: وافَرَسٍ حَمِرْ: أي أبْخَرُ. والحُمْرَةُ: تَعْتَري الإنْسَانَ. والحْمَارُ: العَيْرُ الأهْليُّ والوَحْشِيُّ، والجَميعُ: الحَمِيْرُ والحُمُرُ والحُمُرَاتُ. والأُنْثى حِمَارَةٌ. وفَرَسٌ مِحْمَرٌ: يَجْري مَجْرى الحِمارِ، والجَميعُ: المَحَامِرُ والمَحَامِيْرُ. والمَحْمُوْراءُ: جَمْعُ الحِمارِ. ويقولونَ: " أدْنى حِمَارَيْكِ فازْجُري " أي عليكِ بأدْنى أمْرِكِ ثُمَّ تَناوَلي الأبْعَدَ. وحِمَارَةُ القَدَمِ: هي المُشْرِفَةُ بين مَفْصِلِها وأصابِعِها من فَوْق. وهو في الرَّحْلِ: خَشَبَةٌ في مُقَدَّمِه، وكذلك خَشَبَةُ الصَّيْقَلِ. وحِمَارُ قَبّانَ: دُوَيْبَّةٌ صَغِيرةٌ لازِقَةٌ بالأرْضِ. والحِمَارانِ: حَجَرانِ يُجَفَّفُ عليهما الأقِطُ. والحُمَّرَةُ: ضَرْبٌ من الطَّيْرِ، وكذلك الحُمَرَةُ على وَزْنِ الزُّهَرَةِ. وحَمَّاَرُة القَيْظِ: شِدَّتُه، وحِمِرُّهُ: مِثْلُه. وحُمَّرُ الغَيْثِ: مُعْظَمُه وأشَدُّه. والحَمَائرُ: حِجَارَةٌ تُنْصَبُ حَوْلَ القُتْرَةِ، واحِدَتُها: حَمِيْرَةٌ. وحَمَرْتُ الأدِيْمَ حَمْراً: قَشَرْتُ عنه الشَّعَرَ والتِّحْلِىءَ. وحَمَرَ شاتَه: نَتَفَها، فهو مَحْمُوْرٌ. والحِمِرُّ - بِلُغَةِ أهْلِ الحِجازِ -: الغَيْمُ الذي يَحْمُرُ وَجْهَ الأرْضِ: أي يَقْشِرُه. وسَيْلٌ حِمِرٌّ: شَدِيْدٌ. ويُقال لِهِبْرِيَةِ الرَّأْسِ: الحَمَارَّةُ. وتَحَمْيَرَ الرَّجُلُ: ساءَ خُلُقُه. وكذلك إِذا تَكَلَّمَ بالحِمْيَرِيَّةِ، وحَمَّرَ: كذلك، ومنه: " مَنْ دَخَلَ ظَفَارِ حَمَّرَ ". والحُمْرَةُ: شَجَرَةٌ هي أحَبُّ شَيْءٍ إِلى الحَمِيرِ. ورُطَبٌ ذو حُمْرَةٍ: شَديدُ الحَلاَوَةِ. وأثَرٌ أحْمَرُ: أي حَدِيْثُ العَهْدِ طَرِيٌّ. والأحْمَرُ: صِنْفٌ من أصْنافِ التَّمْرِ. والوَطْأةُ الحَمْرَاءُ: الجَدِيدةُ، والسَّوْداءُ: الدّارِسَةُ واليَحْمُوْرُ: ضَرْبٌ من الطَّيْرِ. ويقولون: حَمَّرْنا للذِّئْبِ فَنَحْنُ مُحَمِّرُوْنَ: وهو حِيْلَةٌ لهم في قَتْلِه. والمُحَمَّرَاتُ من الغَنَمِ: البَهْمُ الصِّغَارُ؛ سُمِّيَتْ بذلك لأنَّها تَرْعى قُرْبَ الحَيِّ شِبْهَ الحُمُرِ لا تَبْعُدُ. والمِحْمَرُ: البَطِيءُ، وجَمْعُه: مَحَامِرُ، قال الحُطَيْئةُ:
وتَبَرَّرَ النُّجُبُ الجِيَادُ ... وبَلَّدَ الكُذُبُ المَحَامِرْ وفَرَسٌ مِحْمَرٌ: هَجِيْنٌ. ومن السَّمَكِ: صَغِيرٌ، ولا أحُقُّه. ورَجُلٌ حُمْرَانٌ: لا سِلاحَ عليه، ورَجُلٌ أحْمَرُ. وجاءَ فلانٌ بِغَنَمِه حُمْرَ الكُلَى: أي مَهَازِيْلَ.

حمر: حَمَّر (بالتشديد). حمَّر الوجه: زيَّنه (بوشر). ويقال: الله يحمَّر لك وجهك حين يراد تمني الخير للشخص بصور عامة. لن العرب ينسبون إلى الألوان الزاهرة وبخاصة اللون الأحمر منها صور السرور والسعادة (دوماس حياة العرب ص518).
وحمَّر: شوى اللحم حتى يحمر (بوشر) ويقال مثلا دجاجات محمَّرة أي مشوية (ألف ليلة 1: 579) وكذلك: فراخ محمَّرة (ألف ليلة 3: 205) وانظر: مُحَمَّر.
وفي منتخبات من قصة عنتر: اللوز المحمَّر.
حمَّر الكرم: أحاط عيون الكفر بقفر اليهود. انظر تحمير الكرم في ابن البيطار (2: 309). أو ترجمة كلامه في ذلك من قبل دي ساسي (عبد اللطيف ص274 - 275، وانظر تيفيز (2: 62).
تحمَّر: ذكرها فوك في مادة ( Ribescere) .
احمرَّ: صار أحمر وخجل واستحيا (ألكالا).
حُمْر: (عامية حمرة) ويراد بها الشاعر الشعبي أي العامي (المقدمة 3: 407) وهذا هو صواب قراتها.
حُمَر: دِفْلى: (المستعيني في مادة دفلى) وفيه: دفلى ويسمى حمر أيضاً.
حَمْرَة: نبات اسمه العلمي ( Hypericum) ( براكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر 8: 345). وهي عند باجني (مخطوطات): (حمورة Hamûra) .
حَمُرة رأس: نبات اسمه العلمي: ( Calcendula sicula) ( براكس 1، 1: 282). حُمْرَة: حَصْبَة، حميرة، جدري الماء (معجم الاسبانية ص115. وقد ذكر المعجم اللاتيني - العربي Cerbum) =؟ Carbunculus ومقابله دُمَّل وداء الحُمْرة. وقد ذكر أيضا: داء الحمرة في مادة ( Eresimila) .
وحُمرة: مرض يصيب الخطمي الهندي. (ابن العوام 2: 292).
وحُمرة: طباشير أحمر فيما يظهر (المقري 1: 687).
وحُمرة: حناء، خضاب، غمرة (بوشر).
وحُمْرَة: شجرة الغَرقَد. وقد أطلق عليها هذا الاسم لأنها تحمل ثمرا أحمر (بركهارت سوريا ص474).
والجمع حُمَر: نمش. وهو نوع من الاحمرار أو البقع الحمراء التي تظهر على الجلد من أثر الحمى (بوشر). وحُمْرة عند أهل الرمل: شكل صورته = (محيط المحيط).
حَمَرة: قافلة مؤلفة من البغال فقط (اسبينا مجلة الشرق والجزائر 13: 150) وفيها ( Hamara) .
حَمُرَة: أبو الحناء (باجني مخطوطات).
وحَمُرَة: قطلب (باجني مخطوطات) حَمَرِيّة: بلادة، غباوة (بوشر).
وحمرية: (من غير شكل). حمرة (فوك).
حُمْرانِيّ: أحمر (فوك).
حَمْراية: صنف من التمر (براكس مجلة الشلاق والجزائر 5: 212).
حَمْرَنة: بلاده، غباوة، بلاهة، خرق (بوشر).
حِمَار: (الحيوان المعرف) يطلق على شارب الماء عند المسلمين الذين لا يلتزمون بتعاليم القرآن (برتون 1: 130).
وحمار: (من غير شكل): حُمْرة (بوشر).
وحِمار: نهاية القرن (مائة سنة) (الثعالبي لطائف ص30).
وحمار: آلة تجر بها المراكب إلى المرسى (المعجم اللاتيني- العربي وفيه: الحُمُر التي تجر بها المراكب إلى المرسى).
وقضيب الحمار (انظر قضيب): آلة طويلة على شكل الرافعة يستعملها الفلاحون لقياس الارضين والحفر.
وحمار الوَحْش: فرا، عير، حمار وحشي مخطط الجلد (ألكالا).
حمير: أسفلت، زفت، قير (بوشر).
وحمير؟ صنف من الريحان، صنف من الآس (ابن العوام 1: 248).
حُمُورة: حُمْرة تزين بها النساء وجوههن (ألكالا).
حَمِيرَة: اسفلت، زفت، قير، ففي الادريسي (كليم 2 قسم 5): وهذه الصحراء وبها جب حميرة.
حَمُوريّ: ضرب من التمر شديد الحمرة (باجني ص151) وفي (ص152) منه يسمى هذا الصنف من التمر: حمورة بكسرى.
وحَمُوري: حجر كريم (انظر نيبور رحلة إلى بلاد العرب ص25).
حُمَيِّر جَدة: حمار قَبَّان: (دومب ص66 بوشر). حَمَّر: نبات اسمه العلمي ( Ynonchophora capiomontiaa) ( باركس مجلة الشرق والجزائر 8: 282).
زحمَّر: حَمُرَة (باجني مخطوطات). حُمَّر: عامية حُمَر ضرب من القار معدني (محيط المحيط).
حَمَّار: عامل، صانع أخرق (بوشر).
حمَّيرا: رجل الحمام بلغة أهل الأندلس (ابن البيطار 1: 327، 2: 108). وتشديد الميم في مخطوطة أانظر مادة شنجار في معجم فريتاج.
حَمَامير: حلمات الثدي (دوماس حياة العرب ص166).
أَحْمَر: رأس احمر: عبد حبشي (زيشر 16: 476).
الحمراء أو بنو الحمراء (انظر لين) الموالي وهو الاسم الذي أطلقه العرب على سكان الأندلس من الأسبان (انظر تعليقاتي في زيشر 16: 598).
لحم أحمر: لحم لا شحم فيه (معجم المنصوري).
وأحمر: دينار (ألف ليلة برسل 9: 250) وفي طبعة ماكن دينار بدل أحمر.
والجمع حُمْر (المقري 1: 464).
وأحمر: طحين، دقيق (فوك) الأحمر: حجر احمر بلون الدم يستعمل دواء ويعمل منه الحبر الأحمر (كاليه 1: 885).
وأحمر: نوع من الطير (ياقوت 1: 885).
الأحمر: كوكب المريخ، مارس (المعجم اللاتيني - العربي).
والملك الأحمر: مارس، المريخ. وهو اله الحرب عند الوثنين (بوشر).
أَحْمَرانِيّ: ضارب إلى الحمرة (بوشر).
مُحَمَّر: لحم مفروم مشوي حتى أحمرَّ (ألف ليلة طبعة بولاق 1: 79، وطبعة ماكن 2: 258 مع تعليق لين في الترجمة (2: 459 رقم 13).
مُحمَّر: من مصطلح الطب وهو دواء جاذب (محيط المحيط).

حمر

1 حَمَرَ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. حَمْرٌ, (TA,) He pared a thong; stripped it of its superficial part: (S, K:) or he (a sewer of leather or of skins) pared a thong by removing its inner superficial part, and then oiled it, previously to sewing with it, so that it became easy [to sew with; app. because this operation makes it to appear of a red, or reddish, colour]. (Yaakoob, S.) b2: and [hence,] He pared, or peeled, anything; divested or stripped it of its superficial part, peel, bark, coat, covering, crust, or the like: and ↓ حمرّ, inf. n. تَحْمِيرٌ, signifies the same in an intensive degree, or as applying to many objects; syn. قشّر. (TA.) b3: Also, (S, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (S,) He skinned a sheep [and thus made it to appear red]. (S, K.) b4: He shaved the head [and thus made it to appear red, or of a reddish-brown colour, the common hue of the Arab skin]. (K.) And حَمَرَتِ المَرْأَةُ جِلْدَهَا [The woman removed the hair of her skin]. (TA.) The term حَمْرٌ is [also] used in relation to soft hair, or fur, (وَبَر,) and wool. (TA.) b5: حَمَرَهُ بِالسَوْطِ He excoriated him (قَشَرَهُ) with the whip. (TA.) b6: حَمَرَ الأَرْض, aor. and inf. n. as above, It (rain) removed the superficial part of of the ground. (TA.) b7: حَمَرَهُ بِاللِّسَانِ (assumed tropical:) He galled him (قَشَرَهُ) with the tongue. (TA.) A2: حَمِرَ, aor. ـَ (Lth, S, K,) inf. n. حَمَرٌ, (Lth, S,) He (a horse) suffered indigestion from eating barley: or the odour of his mouth became altered, or stinking, (K, TA,) by reason thereof: (TA:) or he became diseased from eating much barley, (Lth,) or he suffered indigestion from eating barley, (S,) so that his mouth stank: (Lth, S:) and in like manner one says of a domestic animal [of any kind]: part. n. ↓ حَمِرٌ. (TA.) A3: حَمِرَ عَلَىَّ, (Sh, K, *) aor. and inf. n. as above, (Sh,) He (a man) burned with anger and rage against me. (Sh, K. *) A4: حَمِرَتِ الدَّابَّةُ, (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) [The horse] became like on ass in stupidity, dulness, or want of vigour, by reason of fatness. (K.) 2 حمّر, inf. n. تَحْمِيرٌ: see 1. b2: Also He cut [a thing] like pieces, or lumps, of flesh-meat. (K.) b3: He dyed a thing red. (Msb.) b4: [He wrote with red ink. b5: See also تَحْمِيرٌ, below.]

A2: He called another an ass; saying, O ass. (K.) A3: He rode a مِحْمَر; i. e. a horse got by a stallion of generous race out of a mare not of such race; or a jade. (A, TA.) A4: He spoke the language, or dialect, of Himyer; (S, K;) as also ↓ تَحَمْيَرَ. (K.) 4 احمر He (a man, TA) had a white child (وَلَدٌ أَحْمَرُ,) born to him. (K.) A2: He fed a beast so as to cause its mouth to become altered in odour, or stinking, (K, TA,) from much barley. (TA.) 5 تحمّر He asserted himself to be related to [the race of] Himyer: or he imagined himself as though he were one of the Kings of Himyer: thus explained by IAar. (TA.) 7 انحمر مَا عَلَى الجِلْدِ [What was upon the skin became removed]: said of hair and of wool. (TA.) 9 احمرّ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. اِحْمِرَارٌ, (K,) It became أَحْمَر [or red]; (Msb, K;) as also ↓ احمارّ: (K:) both these verbs signify the same: (S:) or the former signifies it was red, constantly, not changing from one state to another: and ↓ the latter, it became red, accidentally, not remaining so; as when you say, جَعَلَ يَحْمَارُّ مَرَّةً وَيَصْفَارُّ أُخْرَى

He, or it, began to become red one time and yellow another. (TA.) [It is also said that] every verb of the measure اِفْعَلَّ is contracted from اِفْعَالَّ; and that the former measure is the more common because [more] easy to be pronounced. (TA.) b2: احمرّ البَأْسُ (tropical:) War, or the war, became vehement, or fierce: (S, A, IAth, Msb, K:) or the fire of war burned fiercely. (TA.) 11 إِحْمَاْرَّ see 9, in two places. Q. Q. 2 تَحَمْيَرَ: see 2. b2: Also He (a man, TA) became evil in disposition. (K.) حَمرٌ, applied to a horse &c.: see حَمِرَ.

A2: Also A man burning with anger and rage: pl. حَمِرُونَ. (Sh.) حُمَرٌ (incorrectly written, by some physicians and others, ↓ حُمَّرٌ, with teshdeed, MF) and ↓ حَوْمَرٌ (which is of the dial. of the people of 'Omán, a form disallowed by MF, but his disallowal requires consideration, TA) The tamarindfruit: (K:) it abounds in the Saráh (السَّرَاة) and in the country of 'Omán, and was seen by AHn in the tract between the two mosques [of Mekkeh and El-Medeeneh]: its leaves are like those of the خِلَاف called البَلْخِىّ: AHn says, people cook with it: its tree is large, like the walnut-tree; and its fruit is in the form of pods, like the fruit of the قَرَظ. (TA.) A2: Also, the former word, Asphaltum, or Jews' pitch; bitumen Judaicum; syn. قَفْرٌ يَهُودِىٌّ. (Ibn-Beytár: see De Sacy's Abd-allatif,” p. 274.) A3: See also حُمَّرٌ.

حُمْرَةٌ [Redness;] a well-known colour; (Msb, K;) the colour of that which is termed أَحْمَرُ: (S, A:) it is in animals, and in garments &c.; and, accord. to IAar, in water [when muddy; for it signifies brownness, and the like: but when relating to complexion, whiteness: see أَحْمَرُ]. (TA.) b2: الحُمْرَةُ [Erysipelas: to this disease the term is evidently applied by Ibn-Seenà, in vol. ii. pp. 63 and 64 of the printed Arabic text of his قانون; and so it is applied by the Arabian physicians in the present day:] a certain disease which attacks human beings, in consequence of which the place thereof becomes red; (ISk, TA;) a certain swelling, of the pestilential kind; (T, K;) differing from phlegmone. (Ibn-Seenà ubi suprà.) b3: ذُو حُمْرَةٍ Sweet: applied to fresh ripe dates. (K.) b4: See also حِمِرٌّ.

حَمْرَى: see حَمَارَّةٌ.

حَمْرَآءُ [originally fem. of أَحْمَرُ, q. v.]: see حَمَارَّةٌ.

حِمِرٌّ Violent rain, (S,) such as removes the superficial part of the ground. (S, K.) b2: A severe night-journey to water. (TA.) A2: The most copious portion of rain; and violence thereof. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) The violence, vehemence, or intenseness, of anything; as also ↓ حِمِرَّةٌ and ↓ حُمْرَةٌ. (TA.) b3: See also حَمَارَّةٌ, in two places. b4: Also The evil, or mischief, of a man. (K.) حِمِرَّةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

حِمَارٌ [The ass;] the well-known braying quadruped; (TA;) i. q. عَيْرٌ; (Az, S;) applied to the male; (Msb;) both domestic and wild: (Az, K:) the former is also called حِمَارٌ أَهْلِىٌّ; (Msb;) and the latter, حِمَارٌ وَحْشِىٌّ, (K,) and حِمَارُ الوَحْشِ, and ↓ يَحْمُورٌ: (S, K:) أَتَانٌ is the appellation applied to the female; and sometimes ↓ حِمَارَةٌ: (S, Msb, K: *) pl. [of pauc.] أَحْمِرَةٌ and [of mult.]

↓ حَمِيرٌ [more properly termed a quasi-pl. n.] and حُمُرٌ (S, Msb, K) and حُمْرٌ (S) and حُمُورٌ and ↓ مَحْمُورَآءُ, (K,) the last [a quasi-pl. n.] of a very rare form [of which see instances voce شَيْخٌ], (TA,) and حُمُرَاتٌ, (S, K,) which is said to be a pl. of حُمُرٌ. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] مُقَييِّدَةُ الحِمَارِ (assumed tropical:) A stony tract, of which the stones are black and worn and crumbling, as though burned with fire; syn. حَرَّةٌ: because the wild ass is impeded in it, and is as though he were shackled. (TA.) b3: and [hence,] بَنُو مُقَيِّدَةِ الحِمَارِ (assumed tropical:) Scorpions: because they are generally found in a حَرَّة. (TA. [See an ex. in verses cited voce رُمْحٌ.]) A2: A piece of wood in the fore part of the [saddle called] رَحْل, (K, TA,) upon which a woman [when riding] lays hold: and in the fore part of the [saddle called]

إِكَاف: and, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, the stick upon which [the saddles called] أَقْتَاب [pl. of قَتَبٌ] are carried. (TA.) b2: The wooden implement of the polisher, upon which he polishes iron [weapons &c.]. (Lth, K. *) b3: Three pieces of wood, (T, K,) or four, (T,) across which is placed another piece of wood; with which one makes fast a captive. (T, K.) [The last words of the explanation are يُؤْسَرُ بِهَا.]) b4: حِمَارُ الطُّنْبُورِ [The bridge of the mandoline;] a thing well-known. (TA.) b5: حَمَارُ قَبَّانَ [The wood-louse; so called in the present day;] a certain insect; (S, K;) a certain small insect, (Msb, TA,) that cleaves to the ground, (TA,) resembling the beetle, but smaller, (Msb,) and having many legs: (Msb, TA:) when any one touches it, it contracts itself like a thing folded. (Msb.) The حمار قبّان is also called حِمَارُ البَيْتِ; app. because its back resembles a قُبَّة. (TA in art. قب, q. v.) b6: حِمَارَانِ Two stones, (S, K,) which are set up, (S,) and upon which is placed another stone, (S, K,) which is thin, (TA,) and is called عَلَاةٌ, (S,) whereon [the preparation of curd called]

أَقِط is dried. (S, K.) b7: الحِمَارَانِ The two bright stars [a and حَمِيرٌ] in Cancer. (Kzw.) حَمِيرٌ Anything pared, or peeled; divested, or stripped, of its superficial part, peel, bark, coat, covering, crust, or the like; as also ↓ مَحْمُورٌ. (TA.) [See 1.] b2: Also, and ↓ حَمِيرَةٌ, i. q. أُشْكُزٌّ, i. e. A thong, or strap, (S, K,) white, and having its outside pared, (S,) in a horse's saddle, (K,) or with which horses' saddles are bound, or made fast: (S:) so called because it is pared. (TA.) A2: See also حِمَارٌ.

حَمَارَةٌ: see حَمَارَّةٌ.

حِمَارَةٌ: see حِمَارٌ. b2: Also A great, (K,) or great and wide, (TA,) mass of stone, or rock: (K:) and stones set up around a watering-trough or tank, to prevent its water from flowing forth: (S:) and a stone, (K,) or stones, (S,) set up around the booth in which a hunter lurks: (S, K:) but J should have said that حَمَائِرُ signifies stones: that حِمَارَةٌ is the sing.: that this latter signifies any wide stone: and the pl., stones that are set round a watering-trough or tank, to prevent the water from overflowing: (IB:) and حَمَائِرُ المَآءِ signifies four large and smooth masses of stone at the head of the well, upon which the drawer of the water stands. (TA in art. خلق.) Also, the sing., A wide stone that is put upon a trench or an oblong excavation, in the side of a grave, in which the corpse is placed: (K:) or upon a grave: (TA:) pl. as above. (K.) b3: A piece of wood in the [woman's vehicle called] هَوْدَج. (K.) b4: Three sticks, or pieces of palm-branches, having their [upper] ends bound together and their feet set apart, upon which the [vessel of skin called]

إِدَاوَة is hung, in order that the water may become cool. (TA.) And its pl., حَمَائِرُ, Three pieces of wood bound together [in like manner], upon which is put the وَطْب [or milk-skin], in order that the [insect called] حُرْقُوص may not eat it. (TA.) b5: حِمَارَةُ القَدَمِ, (K,) or القدم ↓ حمارّة [thus, without any vowel-sign written], with teshdeed to the ر, (IAth,) The elevated, or protuberant, part of the foot, above the toes (K, TA) and their joints, where the food of the thief is directed, in a trad., to be cut off. (TA.) حِمَارِىٌّ Of, or relating to, asses; asinine.]

حِمَارِيَّةٌ [Asinineness]. (A in art. خطب.) حَمِيرَةٌ: see حَمِيرٌ.

حُمَيْرَآءُ dim. of حَمْرَآءُ, fem. of أَحْمَرُ, q. v.

الحِمْيَرِيَّةُ The language, or dialect, of [the race of] Himyer, who had words and idioms different from those of the rest of the Arabs. (TA.) حَمَارٌّ: see what next follows.

حَمَارَّةٌ, (S, K, &c.,) a word of a rare form, of which the only other instances are said to be حَبَالَّةٌ and زَرَافَّةٌ and زَعَارَّةٌ and سَبَارَّةٌ and صَبَارَّةٌ and عَبَالَّةٌ, (TA,) and sometimes ↓ حَمَارَةٌ, without teshdeed, in poetry, (S, K,) and in prose also, as is said by Lh and others, (TA,) (tropical:) The intenseness of heat (Lth, Ks, S, A, K) of summer; (Lth, Ks, S, A;) and so ↓ حَمْرَآءُ; (TA;) which also signifies the same in relation to the noon, or summer-noon; (K;) and ↓ حَمْرَى, (Az, TA in art. بيض,) and ↓ حِمِرٌّ: (TA:) or the most intense heat of summer; (TA;;) as also ↓ حِمِرٌّ: (K, TA:) and sometimes, though rarely, used in relation to winter [as signifying the intenseness of cold; like صَبَارَّةٌ]: (TA:) pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] ↓ حَمَارٌّ. (S.) A2: See also حِمَارَةٌ, last sentence.

حُمَّرٌ and ↓ حُمَرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the former of which is the more common, (S, Msb,) [coll. gen. ns.,] A kind of bird, (S, Msb, K,) like the sparrow: (S, Msb:) accord. to Es-Sakháwee, the lark; syn. قُبَّرٌ [q. v.]: and حُمَّرَةٌ is said in the Mujarrad to be an appellation applied by the people of El-Medeeneh to the [bird commonly called] بُلْبُل; as also نُغَرَةٌ: (Msb:) حُمَّرَةٌ and حُمَرَةٌ are the ns. of un.: (S, Msb, K:) pl. حُمَّرَاتٌ (S, TA) [and حُمَرَاتٌ].

A2: See also حُمَرٌ.

حَمَّارٌ: see حَمَّارَةٌ. b2: Also A seller of asses. (TA.) حَمَّارَةٌ, [a coll. gen. n.,] Owners, or attendants, of asses (S, K, TA) in a journey; (S, TA;) as also ↓ حَامِرَةٌ: (K:) n. un. ↓ حَمَّارٌ (S, TA) and ↓ حَامِرٌ. (TA.) A2: See also مِحْمَرٌ, in two places.

حَامِرٌ: see حَمَّارَةٌ.

حَوْمَرٌ: see حُمَرٌ.

حَامِرَةٌ: see حَمَّارَةٌ.

أَحْمَرُ [Red: and also brown, or the like:] a thing of the colour termed حُمْرَةٌ: (Msb, K:) it is in animals, and in garments &c.; and, accord. to IAar, in water [when muddy]: and so ↓ يَحْمُورٌ: (K:) fem. of the former حَمْرَآءُ: (Msb:) pl. حُمْرٌ and حُمْرَانٌ: (K:) or when it means dyed with the colour termed حُمْرَةٌ, the pl. is حُمْرٌ (S, Msb) and حُمْرَانٌ; for you say ثِيَابٌ حُمْرٌ and حُمْرَانٌ [red garments]: (TA:) but if you apply it as an epithet to a man, [in which case it has other meanings than those explained above, as will be shown in what follows,] the pl. is أَحَامِرُ (S) and حُمْرٌ: (TA:) or if it means a thing having the colour termed حُمْرَةٌ, the pl. is أَحَامِرُ, because, in this case, it is a subst., not an epithet. (Msb.) ↓ أَحْمَرِىٌّ also signifies the same as أَحْمَرُ: (Ham p. 379:) or, as some say, it has an intensive sense. (TA voce كَرُوبِيُّونَ.) It is said in the S, in art. دك, that حَمْرَاوَاتٌ is a pl. of حَمْرَآءُ, like as دَكَّاوَاتٌ, is of دَكَّآءُ; but it is not so. (IB in that art.) b2: Applied to a camel, Of a colour like that of saffron when a garment is dyed with it so that it stands up by reason of [the thickness of] the dye: (TA:) or of an unmixed red colour; (As, S in art. كمت, and TA;) and so the fem. when applied to a she-goat. (TA.) It is said that, of she-camels, the حَمْرَآء is the most able to endure the summer midday-heat; and the وَرْقَآء, to endure nightjourneying; and that the صَهْبَآء is the most notable and the most beautiful to look at: so said Aboo-Nasr En-Na'ámee: and the Arabs say that the best of camels are the حُمْر and the صُهْب. (TA.) [Hence,] حُمْرُ النَّعَمِ signifies (assumed tropical:) The high-bred, or excellent, of camels: and is proverbially applied to anything highly prized, precious, valuable, or excellent. (Mgh, Msb.) b3: Applied to a man, (AA, Sh, Az,) White (AA, Sh, Az, K) in complexion; (Az;) because أَبْيَضُ might be considered as of evil omen [implying the meaning of leprosy]: (AA, Sh:) or, accord. to Th, because the latter epithet, applied to a man, was only used by the Arabs as signifying “ pure,” or “ free from faults: ” but they sometimes used this latter epithet in the sense of “ white in complexion,”

applied to a man &c.: (IAth:) fem., in the same sense, حَمْرَآءُ: the dim. of which, ↓ حُمَيْرَآءُ, occurs in a trad., applied to 'Áïsheh. (K, * TA.) So, accord. to some, in the trad., بُعِثْتُ إِلَى الأَحْمَرِ وَالأَسْوَدِ, (TA,) i. e. I have been sent to the white and the black; because these two epithets comprise all mankind: (Az, TA:) [therefore, by the former we should understand the white and the red races; and by the latter, the negroes: but some hold that by the former are meant the foreigners, and] by the latter are meant the Arabs. (TA.) One says also, [when speaking of Arabs and more northern races,] أَتَانِى كُلُّ أَسْوَدَ مِنْهُمْ وَأَحْمَرَ, meaning Every Arab of them, and foreigner, came to me: and one should not say, in this sense, أَبْيَضَ. (AA, As, S.) الحَمْرَآءُ, also, is applied to The foreigners (العَجَمُ) [collectively]; (S, A, K;) because a reddish white is the prevailing hue of their complexion: (S:) or the Persians and Greeks: or those foreigners mostly characterized by whiteness of complexion; as the Greeks and Persians. (TA.) You say, لَيْسَ فِى

الحَمْرَآءِ مِثْلُهُ There is not among the foreigners (العَجَم) the like of him. (A.) And accord. to some, الأَحْمَرُ وَالأَبْيَضُ means The Arabs and the foreigners. (TA.) الحَمْرَآءُ [so in the TA, but correctly أَبْنَآءُ الحَمْرَآءِ,] is an appellation applied to Emancipated slaves: and اِبْنُ حَمْرَآءِ العِجَانِ, meaning Son of the female slave, is an appellation used in reviling and blaming. (TA.) b4: Also (tropical:) A man having no weapons with him: pl. حُمْرٌ (A, K) and حُمْرَانٌ. (K.) b5: الحُسْنُ أَحْمَرُ meansBeauty is in الحُمْرَة [app. fairness of complexion; i. e. beauty is fair-complexioned]: (TA:) or (assumed tropical:) beauty is attended by difficulty; i. e. he who loves beauty must bear difficulty, or distress: (IAth:) or the lover experiences from beauty what is experienced from war. (ISd, K.) b6: الأَحْمَرُ A sort of dates: (K:) so called because of their colour. (TA.) b7: الأَحْمَرُ وَالأَبْيَضُ Gold and silver. (TA.) And الأَحْمَرَانِ Flesh-meat and wine; (S, A, K;) said to destroy men: (S:) so in the saying, نَحْنُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الأَسْوَدَيْنِ لَا الأَحْمَرَيْنِ We are of the people of dates and water, not of flesh-meat and wine: (A:) or the beverage called نَبِيذ and flesh-meat. (IAar.) Also Wine and [garments of the kind called] بُرُود. (Sh.) and Gold and saffron; (Az, ISd, K;) said to destroy women; i. e. the love of ornaments and perfumes destroys them: (Az:) or these are called الأَصْفَرَانِ; (AO, TA;) and milk and water, الأَبْيَضَانِ; (TA;) and dates and water, الأَسْوَدَانِ. (A, TA.) And الأَحَامِرَةُ Flesh-meat and wine and [the perfume called] الخَلُوق: (S, K:) or gold and flesh-meat and wine; as also الأَخَاضِرُ: (TA in art. خضر:) or gold and saffron and الخَلُوق. (ISd, TA.) b8: المَوْتُ الأَحْمَرُ (assumed tropical:) Slaughter; (L, K;) because it occasions the flowing of blood: (TA:) and [so in the L, but in the K “ or ”] (tropical:) violent death: (S, A, L, K:) or death in which the sight of the man becomes dim by reason of terror, so that the world appears red and black before his eyes: (A 'Obeyd:) or it may mean (assumed tropical:) recent, fresh, death; from the phrase next following. (As.) b9: وَطْأَةٌ حَمْرَآءُ (tropical:) A new, or recent, footstep, or footprint: opposed to دَهْمَآءُ. (As, S, A.) b10: سَنَةٌ حَمْرَآءُ (tropical:) A severe year; (S, K;) because it is a mean between the سَوْدَآء and the بَيْضآء: or a year of severe drought; because, in such a year, the tracts of the horizon are red: (TA:) when الجَبْهَةُ [the tenth Mansion of the Moon (see مَنَازِلُ القَمَرِ in art. نزل)] breaks its promise [of bringing rain], the year is such as is thus called. (AHn.) b11: See also حَمْرَآءُ voce حَمَارَّةٌ. b12: جَآءَ بِغَنَمِهِ حُمْرَ الكُلَى, and, in like manner, سُودَ البُطُونِ, (tropical:) He brought his sheep or goats, in a lean, or an emaciated, state. (A, * TA.) أَحْمَرِىٌّ: see أَحْمَرُ.

تَحْمِيرٌ [an inf. n. (of حَمَّرَ) used as a subst.] A bad kind of tanning. (K. [For دِبْغٌ in the CK, I read دَبْغٌ, as in other copies of the K.]) مِحْمَرٌ i. q. مِحْلَأٌ; (K; in the CK مِحْلاء;) i. e. The iron instrument, or stone, with which one shaves off the hair and dirt on the surface of a hide, and with which one skins. (L, TA. [But for the last words of the explanation in those two lexicons, ينشف به, I read يُنْتَقُ بِهِ.]) A2: Also, (S, TA,) in the K, [and in a copy of the A,] مَحَمَّرٌ, which is a mistake, (TA,) A horse got by a stallion of generous, or Arabian, race, out of a mare not of such a race; or not of generous birth; or a jade; syn. هَجِينٌ; (S, A, K;) in Persian, پَالَانِىْ; (S, K;) as also ↓ حَمَّارَةٌ: (K:) or a horse of mean race, that resembles the ass in his slowness of running: and a bad beast: (TA:) pl. مَحَامِرُ (S, A, TA) and مَحَامِيرُ: (TA:) and accord. to the T, ↓ حَمَّارَةٌ signifies [not as it is explained above, as a sing., but] i. q. مَحَامِرُ; and Z explains it as an epithet applied to horses, signifying that run like asses. (TA.) b2: Also An ignoble, or a mean, man: (K, * TA:) and a man who will not give unless pressed and importuned. (K, * TA.) المُحَمِّرَةٌ A sect of the خُرَّمِيَّة, who opposed the مُبَيِّضَة (S, K) and the مُسَوِّدَة: (TA:) a single person thereof was called مُحَمِّرٌ: (S, K:) they made their ensigns red, in opposition to the مسوّدة of the Benoo-Háshim; and hence they were thus called, like as the حَرُورِيَّة were called المُبَيِّضَةُ because their ensigns in war were white. (T.) مَحْمُورٌ: see حَمِيرٌ.

مَحْمُورَآءُ: see حِمَارٌ يَحْمُورٌ The wild ass: see حِمَارٌ: (S, Mgh, K:) or a certain kind of wild animal: (Mgh:) [the oryx; to which the name is generally applied; and so in Hebrew: see also بَقَرُ الوَحْشِ, in art. بقر:] a certain beast (K, TA) resembling the she-goat. (TA.) b2: And A certain bird. (K.) A2: See also أَحْمَرُ.