ظم

أ1 ظَمِئَ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. ظَمَأٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and ظَمْءٌ (TA) and ظَمَآءٌ (T, M, K) and ظَمَآءَةٌ, (M, K, TA,) in one copy of the K ظَمْأَة, (TA,) He thirsted, or was thirsty: (S, M, Msb, K:) or as some say, he thirsted in the slightest degree. (M, TA.) b2: Hence, (M,) ظَمِئَ إِلَى لِقَائِهِ (tropical:) He desired, or longed, [or, as we often say, thirsted,] to meet with him. (S, M, K, * TA.) 2 ظَمَّاَ see the next paragraph.4 اظمأهُ, (T, * S, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِظْمَآءٌ; (T;) and ↓ ظمّأهُ, (T, * Msb, K,) inf. n. تَظْمِئَةٌ; (T, S;) He made him to thirst: (S, Msb, K:) [or to thirst most vehemently: or to thirst in the slightest degree: see 1.] b2: And (K) (tropical:) He made him lean, or lank, namely, a horse, (T, * K, TA,) by sweating him. (TA.) [See also 4 in art. ظمى.]5 تظمّأ He constrained himself to endure with patience a state of thirst. (A, TA.) ظِمْءٌ a subst. from ظَمِئَ (S, M, K) in both of its senses; (M, K;) [i. e.] it signifies Thirst: (MA:) [or most vehement thirst: or the slightest degree of thirst:] pl. أَظْمَآءٌ. (MA.) b2: [and (tropical:) Desire, or a longing, (or, as we often say, a thirsting,) to meet with a person. See 1.] b3: And (S, M, K) The time, or interval, or period, between two drinkings, or waterings, (T, S, M, K,) in the coming of camels to water: (T:) and the keeping of camels from the water [during that interval, i. e.] until the extreme limit of the coming thereto: (S:) pl. أَظْمَآءٌ. (T, S, M.) The shortest ظِمْءٌ of camels is that termed غِبٌّ, i. e., when they come to the water one day and return, and are in the place of pasture a day, and come to the water [again] on the third day; the interval between their two drinkings being termed a ظِمْء: this is during the greatest heat: but when Suheyl [i. e. Canopus] rises [aurorally, which it did in Central Arabia, about the commencement of the era of the Flight, on the 4th of August, O. S.], they increase the ظِمْء, so that the camels remain in the place of pasture two days, and come to the water on the fourth; and one says, وَرَدَتْ رِبْعًا: then follow the خِمْس and the سِدْس to the عِشْر: and the interval between their two drinkings is termed ظِمْءٌ, whether long or short. (T.) One says, مَا بَقِىَ مِنْ عُمُرِهِ إِلَّا ظِمْءُ الحِمَارِ, (T, S, * K, * TA,) meaning There remained not of his life save a little; [lit., save the period between the two drinkings of the ass;] (S, K, * TA;) because there is no beast that bears thirst for a shorter time than the ass; (T, S, * K, * TA;) for he comes to the water in summer every day twice. (T, TA.) b4: الظِّمْءُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The period from birth to death; (K;) or so ظِمْءُ الحَيَاةِ. (S, M, TA.) b5: ظِمْوٌ is a dial. var. of ظِمْءٌ. (T and M in art. ظمو.) ظَمِئٌ: see the next paragraph.

ظَمْآنُ, (T, S, M, Msb, &c.,) fem. ظَمْأَى, (T, S, M, A, L, Msb,) both imperfectly decl.; (T;) or ظَمْآنٌ, fem. ظَمْآنَةٌ; (K; [but this requires consideration, for its correctness is extremely doubtful;]) and ↓ ظَمِئٌ, (so in the K accord. to the TA, and so in my MS. copy of the K,) like كَتِفٌ, [agreeably with analogy as part. n. of ظَمِئَ, and therefore probably correct,] (TA,) or ↓ ظَمِىْءٌ, (so in a copy of the M and in the CK,) fem. [of the former] ظَمِئَةٌ, like فَرِحَةٌ, mentioned by Ibn-Málik, but generally held to be disused; (MF, TA;) and ظَامٍ, like رَامٍ; (TA; [app. for ↓ ظَامِئٌ;]) Thirsty: (S, M, Msb, K:) or most vehemently thirsty: (T, M, K:) or thirsty in the slightest degree: (M, TA:) pl. (of the first, M, Msb, and of the second, M, or of all, mase. and fem., TA) ظِمَآءٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and ظُمَآءٌ, which is extr., (K, TA,) being of a form applying to only about ten words, (TA,) mentioned on the authority of Lh, (K, TA,) by ISd in the “ Mukhassas. ” (TA.) b2: [Hence,] one says, أَنَا ظَمْآنُ إِلَى لِقَائِكَ (tropical:) I am desirous, or longing, [or, as we often say, thirsting,] to meet with thee. (A, TA.) b3: And وَجْهٌ ظَمْآنُ (tropical:) A face having little flesh, (T, TA,) the skin of which adheres to the bone, and the sap of which is little: (TA:) an expression of praise: contr. of وَجْهٌ رَيَّانُ, which is [said to be] an expression of dispraise. (A, TA.) And فَرَسٌ ظَمْآنُ الشَّوَى (assumed tropical:) A horse having little flesh upon the legs: (T in art. روى:) and so أَظْمَى الشَّوَى. (T in art. ظمى.) And سَاقٌ ظَمْأَى (assumed tropical:) A lean shank: (T, TA:) and so ساق ظَمْيَآءُ. (S and M and K in art. ظمى.) And عَيْنٌ ظَمْأَى (assumed tropical:) An eye having a thin, or delicate, lid: (M, TA:) and so عين ظَمْيَآءُ. (S and M and K in art. ظمى.) And فُصُوصُهُ ظِمَآءٌ (said of a horse, T, S, TA) (tropical:) His joints are [firm,] not flabby, or lax, (T, S, K, TA,) nor fleshy; (S, K, TA;) and are well braced; an expression of commendation: (T:) and مَفَاصِلُ ظِمَآءٌ (tropical:) Hard [or firm] joints, without flabbiness, or laxness: (A, TA:) accord, to IB, belonging to art. ظمى; but said in the T to be originally from ظمأ. (TA.) b4: And رِيحٌ ظَمْأَى (assumed tropical:) A wind that is hot, (As, T, K,) thirsty, not gentle, (K,) and without moisture. (As, T.) ظَمِىْءٌ: see ظَمْآنُ, first sentence.

ظَمَآءَةٌ (assumed tropical:) Evilness of nature, of a man, and meanness of disposition, and deficiency of equity to associates: (En-Nadr, T, K:) originating from the fact that he who is given to drink, if of an evil nature, does not act equitably to his associates. (T.) ظَامِئٌ: see ظَمْآنُ, first sentence.

أَظْمَأُ Tawny; applied to a spear: (A, TA:) and so أَظْمَى. (TA in art. ظمى.) b2: And Black; applied to an antelope and to a camel: pl. ظُمْءٌ. (A, TA.) مَظْمَأٌ A thirsty place of the earth or ground. (M, K.) مِظْمَآءٌ A very thirsty man. (K.) مِظْمَئِىٌّ Watered [only] by the rain: contr. of مَسْقَوِىٌّ: (K:) and so مَظْمِىٌّ: applied to seedproduce. (S and K in art. ظمى.)

ازم

1 أَزَمَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. أَزْمٌ and أُزُومٌ, He bit with the whole mouth, vehemently: (K:) or with the canine teeth: or you say, أَزَمَهُ, and أَزَمَ عَلَيْهِ, meaning he bit it, and then repeated [the action] upon it, not letting it go: or he seized upon it with his mouth: (TA:) or أَزَمَهُ signifies [simply] he bit it: (S:) and أَزَمَ عَلَيْهِ, aor. ـِ inf. n. أَزْمٌ; and أَزِمَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. أَزَمٌ; the same; or he seized, or took hold, upon it with his teeth: (Msb:) and أَزَمْتُ يَدَ الرَّجُلِ I bit the arm, or hand, of the man most vehemently. (TA.) أَزَمَ بِهَا occurs in a trad. as meaning He bit it, (referring to a ring of a coat of mail,) and held it between two of his central teeth. (AO.) And in another trad., أَزَمَ فِي يَدِهِ, meaning He bit his arm, or hand. (TA.) And you say, أَزَمَ الفَرَسُ عَلَى فَأْسِ اللِّجَامِ The horse seized [with his teeth, or champed,] upon the فأس [q. v.] of the bit. (K.) And أَزْمٌ signifies also The cutting with the canine tooth, and with a knife, (K,) and with other things. (TA.) b2: [And hence,] أَزَمَ عَلَيْنَا, (S, Msb, * K, *) aor. ـِ inf. n. أَزْمٌ (S) and أُزُومٌ, (TA,) said of a time, (S, Msb,) or a year, (K,) It was, or became, distressful, or afflictive, to us, [as though it bit us,] by drought, dearth, or scarcity; (S, Msb, K;) and scant in its good things; (S;) as also أَزِمَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. أَزَمٌ. (Msb.) And أَصَابَتْهُمْ سَنَةٌ

أَزَمَتْهُمْ, (S, K, *) inf. n. أَزْمٌ, (S,) A year, or year of dearth or drought or sterility, befell them, which extirpated them: (S, K: *) or, accord. to Sh, the verb in this sense is only with و. (TA. [See art. ارم.]) b3: [Hence also,] أَزَمَ بِهِ, (Az, S, K,) inf. n. أَزْمٌ, (TA,) He clave to him, namely, his companion; (Az, S, K;) and to it, namely, a place. (K.) And أَزَمَ عَلَيْهِ, (K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. أَزْمٌ, (TA,) He kept, attended, or applied himself, constantly, perseveringly, or assiduously, to it; (K;) he clave to it. (TA.) And أَزَمَ بِضَيْعَتِهِ, or لَهَا, (accord. to different copies of the K, the former being the reading in the TA,) and عَلَيْها, (TA,) inf. n. أُزُومٌ, (Az, TA,) He kept, attended, or applied himself, constantly, perseveringly, or assiduously, to his ضيعة [or land, &c.]. (Az, K, TA.) b4: أَزَمَ, (Nh, K,) inf. n. أَزْمٌ, (Nh, TA,) also signifies He held his teeth together, one upon another: (Nh:) [and he compressed, or put together, his lips: (see آزِمٌ:)] and he closed, or locked, a door. (K, TA.) It is said in a trad., السِّوَاكُ تَسْتَعْمِلُهُ عِنْدَ تَغَيُّرِ الفَمِ مِنَ الأَزْمِ The stick for cleaning the teeth, thou shalt use it on the occasion of the mouth's becoming altered in odour from the holding of the teeth together. (Nh.) b5: [And hence,] أَزَمَ, (S, Nh, Msb,) inf. n. أَزْمٌ, (Msb, K,) He held, refrained, or abstained, (S, K, *) عَنِ الشَّىْءِ from the thing: (S, TA:) and he held, refrained, or abstained, from desiring much: (TA:) and from food (Msb, K *) and drink; (Msb;) as also أَزِمَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. أَزَمٌ: (Msb:) and from speech; (Nh, K; *) like as does the faster from food: and hence, (Nh,) or from the next preceding signification, (Msb,) حِمْيَةٌ [meaning as explained in what follows] is termed أَزْمٌ: (Nh, Msb:) but accord. to the relation commonly known, of a trad. in which أَزَمَ is said to occur in the last of the senses explained above, the word is أَرَمَّ, with ر and with teshdeed in the case of the م. (Nh.) It is related in a trad., that 'Omar having asked El-Hárith Ibn-Keledeh, the طَبِيب of the Arabs, “What is the [best] remedy?” (S,) or having asked him respecting [the best] medical, or curative, treatment, (Msb,) the latter said, الأَزْمُ, meaning الحِمْيَةُ; (S, Msb;) both these words here meaning The practising abstinence; (PS;) or the abstaining, or desisting, from eating: (TA:) or, in this instance, (TA,) الأَزْمُ signifies the not putting in food upon food: and (some say, TA) the being silent: (K, TA:) and it signifies also strength. (TA.) b6: أَزَمَ الشَّىْءُ The thing became contracted; became drawn together, or compressed; as also أَزِمَ, aor. ـَ (K.) 5 تأزّم القَوْمُ, (TA,) or تأزّم القَوْمُ دَارَهُمْ, (S,) The people, or company of men, stayed, remained, or dwelt, long in their abode. (S, TA.) أَزْمٌ: see أَزْمَةٌ.

أَزِمٌ [part. n. of أَزِمَ; fem. with ة]: see أَزْمَةٌ.

أَزْمَةٌ [inf. n. of un. of 1: and hence,] A single act of eating; (K, TA;) i. e. an eating but once in the course of the day; like وَجْبَةٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) b2: Also, (Fr, S, Msb, K,) and ↓ أَزَمَةٌ and ↓ آزِمَةٌ, (Fr, K, [the last in the CK like the first,]) Straitness, hardness, or distress; (S, Msb, K;) drought, dearth, or sterility: (S, Msb:) pl. (of the first, TA) ↓ أَزْمٌ, (K,) [or rather this is a coll. gen. n.,] like as تَمْرٌ is of تَمْرَةٌ, (TA,) [but originally an inf. n. of أَزَمَ. q. v.,] and إِزَمٌ, (K,) like as بِدَرٌ is of بَدْرَةٌ. (TA.) Hence the trad., اشْتَدِّــى أَزْمَةٌ تَنْفَرِجِى, meaning Become severe, O year of drought, or dearth, or sterility: then thou wilt pass away: though it has been strangely asserted that ازمة is here the proper name of a woman, to whom, on an occasion of her being taken with the pains of labour, these words were said by the Prophet. (TA.) You also say سَنَةٌ أَزْمَةٌ and ↓ أَزِمَةٌ, (K,) so in the copies of the K, there said to be like فَرِحَةٌ, but correctly ↓ آزِمَةٌ, as in the M &c., (TA,) [or both are correct, being part. ns., respectively, of أَزِمَ and أَزَمَ,] and ↓ أَزُومَةٌ, meaning A distressful, or an afflictive, year; (K;) a year of vehement drought or dearth or sterility. (TA.) And أَوَازِمُ [pl. of ↓ آزِمَةٌ, used as a subst.,] signifies Distressful, or afflictive, years. (TA.) ↓ أَزَامِ, also, (K,) or, accord. to Aboo-'Alee, ↓ أَزُومُ, (IB,) [each a proper name, as denoting a kind of personification,] signifies The year of drought or dearth or sterility. (K.) And you say, ↓ نَزَلَتْ بِهِمْ أَزَام and ↓ أَزُومُ Severe straitness, or distress, befell them. (S, TA. *) أَزَمَةٌ: see أَزْمَةٌ.

أَزِمَةٌ: see أَزْمَةٌ.

أَزَامِ: see أَزْمَةٌ, in two places.

أُزَامٌ: see what next follows.

أَزُومٌ: see آزٌم, in three places. b2: أَزُومُ: see أَزْمَةٌ, in two places. b3: Also, the former, Cleaving to a thing; (K;) and so ↓ أُزَامٌ. (Sgh, K.) أَزُومَةٌ: see أَزْمَهٌ.

آزِمٌ act. part. n. of أَزَمَ Biting with the whole mouth, vehemently: [&c.:] as also ↓ أَزُومٌ: (K: [in the CK the former is erroneously written اَزْمٌ:]) or the latter signifies that has a habit of biting; or that bites much; syn. عَضُوضٌ: (Ham p. 532:) pl. of the former أُزُومٌ: (Ham p. 360:) and of the latter أُزُمٌ. (Ham p. 609.) [Hence,] ↓ الأَزُومُ The biting lion; or the lion that bites much, or vehemently; الأَسَدُ العَضُوضُ. (TA.) b2: [Hence also,] The canine tooth; syn. نَابٌ; and so ↓ آزِمَةٌ; and ↓ أَزُومٌ: pl. of the first أُزَّمٌ; and of the second آوازِم; and of the third أُزُمٌ. (M, K.) b3: Also Having his lips compressed, or put together. (Az, S.) آزِمَةٌ: see آزِمٌ: b2: and see also أَزْمَةٌ, in three places.

مَأْزِمٌ A narrow, or strait, place; a place of narrowness or straitness; (S, K;) like مَأْزِلٌ; (S;) of a land, and of the pudendum muliebre, and of life, (K,) or of the means of subsistence; (Lh, K;) or of any kind: (TA:) any narrow road between two mountains: (S, Msb:) a narrow place in mountains, such that one part meets another, and the place beyond widens: (TA:) pl. مَآزِمُ. (S, K.) b2: And hence, (Msb,) A place of war or fight; (S, Msb;) because of the straitness of the state thereof, and the difficulty of escape from it. (Msb.) مُتَأَزِّمٌ Smitten, or afflicted, by أُزْمَة [or straitness, &c.]: (K:) or expressing pain or grief, or lamenting, or complaining, on account of the straitness, or distressfulness, or afflictiveness, (أَزْمَة and شِدَّة,) of time, or fortune. (TA.)

نفط

1 نَفِطَتْ يَدُهُ, (S, Msb,) or كَفُّهُ, (K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. نَفَطٌ and نَفِيطٌ (S, Msb, K,) and نَفْطٌ; (K;) or, accord. to Az, نَفَطتْ, aor. 2, inf. n. نَفْطٌ and نَفِيطٌ; (TA;) His hand became blistered, or vesicated; it had water, or fluid, between the skin and the flesh; (Az, Msb;) i. q. مَجِلَتْ; (S, K;) as also ↓ تنفّطت: (S:) or it became ulcerated by work. (K.) A2: نَفَطَتْ aor. ـِ inf. n. نَفِيطٌ (ADk, S, K) and نَفْطٌ. (TA,) She (a goat) did what was like sneezing (نَثَرَتْ [app. meaning scattered forth moisture or the like]) with her nose: (ADk, S, K:) or sneezed. (K.) It is said in a proverb, لَا تَنْفِطُ فِيهِ عَنَاقٌ meaning (assumed tropical:) Blood-revenge will not be taken for him; i. e. for this slain person. (TA.) b2: Also, (S, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. نَفِيطٌ, (S,) It (a cookingpot, قِدْرٌ,) boiled, (S, K,) and poured forth [some of its contents], (S,) or so that it threw forth what resembled arrows; (TA;) a dial. var. of نَفَتَتْ. (S.) b3: نَفَطَ, aor. ـِ (assumed tropical:) He was angry: or he burned with anger: as also ↓ تنفّط. (K, TA.) You say, إِنَّ فُلَانًا لَيَنْفِطُ غَضَبًا, (S, TA,) (tropical:) Verily such a one burns with anger: (TA:) or it is like يَنْفِتُ [meaning boils with anger; or makes a noise like coughing, in anger; or blows, in anger]: (S:) [for the inf. n.] نَفَطَانٌ signifies the doing what resembles coughing: and blowing, on an occasion of anger: and so نَفَتَانٌ. (TA.) b4: Also, (K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. نَفِيطٌ, said of an antelope; الصَّبِىُّ in the K, being a mistake for الظَّبْىِ, as in the TS and L, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He uttered a sound, or cry. (TS, L, K.) b5: (assumed tropical:) He (a man) spoke, or talked, unintelligibly; (K, TA;) as though by reason of his anger. (TA.) b6: نَفَطَتِ اسْتُهُ (assumed tropical:) His anus emitted wind with a sound. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) 3 نَاْفَطَ see 6.4 انفط It (work) caused the hand to become blistered, or vesicated: or caused it to become ulcerated. (K.) [See 1, first sentence.]5 تَنَفَّطَ see 1, in two places.6 القِدْرُ تَنَافَطُ [for تَتَنَافَطُ, in the CK ↓ تُنافِطُ,] The cooking-pot throws forth foam; (K;) a dial. var. of تَنَافَتُ [q. v.] (TA.) نَفْطٌ, accord. to the T, Pustules which come forth upon the hand, in consequence of work, full of water, or fluid; (Mgh;) blisters, or vesicles, upon the hand; a contraction of ↓ نَفِطٌ; which is pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] of ↓ نَفِطَةٌ, sometimes contracted into ↓ نَفْطَةٌ; and sometimes نَفِطَاتٌ is used as pl. of نَفِطَةٌ: (Msb:) or ↓ نَفِطَةٌ signifies [simply] a pustule; as also ↓ نَفْطَةٌ and ↓ نِفْطَةٌ; (K;) and the lawyers call it ↓ نَفَّاطَةٌ, from this word as signifying “ a place whence نِفْط issues,” or it may be [originally] an intensive act. part. n. (Msb.) b2: Also, and ↓ نَفِطٌ, (Msb,) or ↓ نَفِطَةٌ and ↓ نَفْطَةٌ and ↓ نِفْطَةٌ, (Mgh, Sgh, K,) The small-pox: (Mgh, Sgh, Msb, K:) accord. to Z, ↓ نفظ [so in the TA, without any syll. signs,] signifies, in the dial. of Hudheyl, the small-pox in children and in sheep or goats. (TA.) A2: See also what next follows.

نِفْطٌ and ↓ نَفْطٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the former of which is the more chaste, (ISk, S, Msb, K, *) or, as some say, the latter, (Msb,) or the latter is a mistake, (As, K,) [Naphtha: and petroleum: both so called in the present day:] a certain oil, (S,) well known, (K,) with which camels are smeared for the mange, or scab, and galls on the back, and tikes; it does not include what is termed كُحَيْل: (ISd, TA:) or, accord. to AHn, i. q. كُحَيْلٌ: accord. to A'Obeyd, i. q. قَطِرَانٌ; but AHn denies this; and says that it is an exuding fluid (حِلَابَة) of a mountain, [found] in the bottom of a well, with which fire is kindled: (TA:) the best is the white: it is a dissolvent; and opens obstructions; removes the colic; and kills worms that are in the vulva, when used in the manner of a suppository. (K.) نَفِطٌ: see نَفْطٌ, throughout: b2: and for the last, see also نَفِيطَةٌ.

نَفْطَةٌ: see نَفْيطٌ, throughout: b2: and for the last, see also نَفِيطَةٌ.

نِفْطَةٌ: see نَفْطٌ, throughout: b2: and for the last, see also نَفِيطَةٌ.

نَفِطَةٌ: see نَفْطٌ, throughout: b2: and for the last, see also نَفِيطَةٌ.

نَفَاطَةٌ [accord. to the CK, but erroneously, نَفَاطٌ]: see نَفَّاطَةٌ, in two places.

كَفٌّ نَفِيطَةٌ A hand ulcerated by work: or blistered, or vesicated; having water or fluid, between the skin and the flesh: and ↓ نَافِطَةٌ signifies the same; and so ↓ مَنْفُوطَةٌ; (K;) of which last, however, ISd says, it is thus related by the lexicologists; but there is no way of accounting for it in my opinion; for it is from أَنْفَطَ. (TA.) [Golius also mentions ↓ نَفِطَةٌ as signifying A hand affected with pustules; on the authority of Meyd; and it is agreeable with analogy.]

نَفَّاطٌ A thrower of نِفْط [or naphtha]: pl. ↓ نَفَّاطَةٌ, [or rather this is a coll. gen. n.,] (Msb,) and نَفَّاطُونَ. (Mgh.) نَفَّاطَةٌ A place whence نِفْط [or naphtha] is extracted; (El-Fárábee, Msb, K;) as also ↓ نَفَاطَةٌ; (K;) but the former is the more known; (TA;) a place where it is generated; a mine, or source, thereof; a word similar to مَلَّاحَةٌ (Mgh, Msb) and قَيَّارَةٌ: (Mgh:) pl. نَفَّاطَاتٌ. (Msb.) b2: A kind of lamp made to give light by means thereof; as also ↓ نَفَاطَةٌ; (K;) but the former is the more known. (TA.) b3: An instrument with which نِفْط is thrown; (Mgh;) an instrument of copper, or brass, in which نِفْط is thrown, (K, TA,) and fire; (TA;) a قَارُورَة of نِفْط, which is thrown: (Msb:) pl. as above. (Mgh.) Yousay, خَرَجَ النَّفَّاطُونَ بِأَيْدِيِهمُ النَّفَّاطَاتُ [The throwers of naphtha went forth, having in their hands the instruments with which to throw it]. (Mgh.) b4: See also نَفَّاطٌ. b5: And see نَفْطٌ.

كَفٌّ نَافِطَةٌ: see نَفِيطَةٌ. b2: رَغْوَةٌ نَافِطَةٌ Froth, or foam, having bubbles: (Az, Msb:) pl. نَوَافِطُ (TA.) كَفٌّ مَنْفُوطَةٌ: see نَفِيطَةٌ.

شد

1 شَدَّ, as an intrans. verb, aor. ـِ inf. n. شِدَّةٌ: see 8; and see also شِدَّةٌ. b2: [Hence,] لَشَدَّ مَا is an expression used in the same sense as لَعَزَّ مَا (A and K in art. عز) and لَحَقَّ مَا: (A and TA in that art.:) [and in like manner without the ل: thus] one says, شَدَّ مَا أَنَّكَ ذَاهِبٌ, meaning حَقَّ أَنَّكَ ذَاهِبٌ [i. e. It is distressing, or it distresses me, that thou art going away]: and if you please, you may consider شَدَّ as similar to نِعْمَ; as when you say, نِعْمَ العَمَلُ أَنَّكَ تَقُولُ الحَقَّ [Excellent, or most excellent, is the deed, thy saying the truth]. (Sb, TA.) [And it is also used to render intensive a verb following it; as in the saying, لَشَدَّ مَا أَبْغَضَنِى Much indeed, or greatly indeed, did he hate me.] b3: شَدَّ عَلَيْهِ, aor. ـَ (S, L) and شَدِّ, (L,) inf. n. شَدٌّ (S, L) and شُدُودٌ, (L,) He charged, or made an assault or attack, upon him, in war, or battle. (S, L.) You say, شَدَّ عَلَى العَدُوِّ شَدَّةً وَاحِدَةً, and شَدَّاتٍ كَثِيرَةً, He made one charge, or assault, or attack, upon the enemy, and many charges, &c. (L.) And شَدَّ عَلَى قِرْنِهِ بِسِكِّينٍ, or بِعَصًا, He made an assault, or attack, upon his adversary, with a knife, or with a staff; as also عَلَيْهِ ↓ اشتدّ. (Mgh.) And شَدَّ الذِّئْبُ عَلَى الغَنَمِ The wolf asaulted, or attacked, the sheep or goats. (L.) In the phrase, شَدُّوا الإِغَارَةَ, the meaning is شَدُّوا لِلْإِغَارَةِ [They made a charge for the purpose of a sudden attack upon an enemy, or a predatory incursion]; and therefore الاغارة is put in the accus. case, not as an objective complement. (Ham p. 8.) b4: شَدَّ, (S,) aor. ـُ and شَدِّ, (TK,) inf. n. شَدٌّ, (S, L, K,) also signifies He ran; (S, L, * K; *) and so ↓ اشتدّ. (S, L, K.) رُبَّ شَدٍّ فِى

الكُرْزِ [Many a run is in the sack] is a prov., originating from the fact that a man riding a pregnant mare was pursued by an enemy, and she cast her foal, which ran with its mother, whereupon the horseman alighted, and carried it off in a sack; and the enemy overtook him, and said to him, “Throw to me the foal;” and he replied in these words, meaning that the foal was of generous race: it is applied to him whose internal, or intrinsic, qualities are commended. (Meyd.) And one says, شَدَّ فِى العَدْوِ, (A, Mgh, L,) inf. n. شَدٌّ; (L;) and ↓ اشتدّ; (A, Mgh, L;) He hastened, or was quick, in running: (Mgh, L:) and شَدَّ الإِحْضَارَ [meaning the same]. (S in art. افر.) b5: شَدَّ النَّهَارُ, (S, L,) and الضُّحَى, (L,) inf. n. شَدٌّ; (L, K; but in the latter, النَّار is erroneously put for النَّهَار; TA;) and ↓ اشتدّ; (L;) The day, and the morning, became advanced, the sun being high. (S, * L, K. *) [See also شَدٌّ below.]

A2: شَدَّهُ, aor. ـُ (S, A, L, Msb) and شَدِّ, the latter anomalous, for the aor. of a trans. verb of this class, of the measure فَعَلَ, should be شَدُّ only, and that of an intrans. verb of the same class and measure should be شَدِّ, and this is the only instance, or almost the only one, of its kind, with both of these forms of aor. , except عَلَّ [and بَتَّ] and نَمَّ الحَدِيثَ, but there is one trans. verb of the same class having the latter form of aor. only, namely, حَبَّ, (Fr, S, L,) inf. n. شَدٌّ, (L, Msb, K,) He made it, or rendered it, hard; used in relation to substances and attributes: (L:) he made, or rendered, it, or him, firm, compact, or sound; and strong, powerful, or forcible; vigorous, robust, or sturdy; syn. أَحْكَمَهُ, (L,) and قَوَّاهُ; (S, A, L, K; *) as also ↓ شدّدهُ, [inf. n. تَشْدِيدٌ,] i. e. as syn. with احكمهُ (L) and قوّاهُ: (S, A, L:) he bound, or tied, him, or it, firmly, fast, or strongly; syn. أَوْثَقَهُ: [which may also be meant to convey the signification immediately preceding this last:] (S, L, Msb, K:) and [simply] he tied, bound, or made fast, him, or it; syn. رَبَطَهُ. (S and Msb and K &c. in art. ربط.) One says, شَدَّ عَضُدَهُ i. e. He strengthened [his fore arm, or perhaps his upper arm, but the former is app. here meant]. (S, L.) And شَدَّ عَلَى يَدِهِ He strengthened him, [lit. his arm, or hand,] and aided him. (L.) And شَدَّ اللّٰهُ مُلْكَهُ, and ↓ شَدَّدَهُ, God strengthened, or may God strengthen, his dominion. (S, L. [See also a similar ex. voce أَزْرٌ.]) And شَدَّ العُقْدَةَ [He tied firmly or fast or strongly, or he pulled tight, or tightened, the knot], (A, Mgh, Msb,) and الوَثَاقَ [the bond]. (Kur xlvii. 4.) [And شَدَّ الدَّابَّةَ He bound the saddle on the beast: see an ex. voce دَلِيلٌ.] شَدُّ الرِّحَالِ [lit. The binding of the camels' saddles upon their backs] is a metonymical phrase for (tropical:) the going a journey. (Mgh, Msb.) and شَدُّ المِئْزَرِ, occurring in a trad., [lit. The binding of the waist-wrapper upon the waist] is a metonymical phrase for (tropical:) the avoiding of women: or the exerting oneself, or employing oneself vigorously or laboriously, in work: or for both of these together. (L.) مَا أَمْلِكُ شَدًّا وَلَا إِرْخَآءً [lit. I possess not power to tighten nor to slacken] meansI am not able to do anything. (TA.) [And شَدَّهُ also signifies He pressed, compressed, or squeezed, it: and he pulled, or strained, it.] وَاشْدُدْ عَلَى

قُلُوبِهِمْ, in the Kur [x. 88], means And put Thou a seal upon their hearts, so that they may not heed admonition, nor be disposed, or directed, to that which is good. (L.) A3: أَشَدُّ لَقَدْ كَانَ كَذَا, as also أَشَدُ without teshdeed, means أَشْهَدُ [q. v.]: (K:) a strange saying. (TA.) 2 شَدَّّ see the preceding paragraph, latter half, in two places. b2: شدّدهُ, inf. n. تَشْدِيدٌ, also signifies He made it, or rendered it, namely, a beating, and anything, hard to be borne, heavy, vehement, violent, intense, severe, strict, rigorous, or excessive; he intensified it, or aggravated it: (L:) تَشْدِيدٌ is the contr. of تَخْفِيفٌ [in this sense and in other senses here following]. (S.) [Hence, the objective complement being understood,] one says, شدّد عَلَيْهِ, (A, Msb,) which is the contr. of خَفَّفَ [i. e. of خَفَّفَ عَنْهُ; thus meaning He rendered his burden, suffering, distress, uneasiness, or the like, hard to be borne, heavy, vehement, violent, intense, severe, strict, rigorous, or excessive; intensified it, or aggravated it; or he pressed hard upon him; treated him with hardness, strictness, severity, or rigour]: (Msb:) and مَنْ شَدَّدَ شَدَّدَ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ [Whoso treateth others hardly, God will treat him hardly]. (A. [See also 8.]) b3: [تَشْدِيدٌ, as opposed to تَخْفِيفٌ, also signifies The characterizing of a letter by a lengthened pronunciation equivalent in grammatical analysis and in prosody to doubling, denoted in writing by the sign called ↓ شَدَّة, i. e. by the sign ّ over that letter; as also تَثْقِيلٌ.] b4: See also سَدَّدَهُ.3 شادّهُ, (A, L,) inf. n. مُشَادَّةٌ and شِدَادٌ, (L,) He vied with him, contended with him for superiority, or strove to surpass him, in strength, power, or force. (A, L.) [Hence,] مَنْ يُشَادِدِ الدِّينَ يَغْلِبْهُ, (A,) or مَنْ يُشَادَّ هٰذَا الدِّينَ بِغْلِبْهُ, i. e. Whoso contendeth for superiority in strength with this religion, and withstandeth it, or opposeth it, and tasketh himself with religious service beyond his power, it (the religion) will overcome him: a trad. (L.) And لَنْ يُشَادَّ الدِّينَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا غُلِبَ No one shall contend for superiority in strength with religion, &c. but he will be overcome by the religion. (K, * TA.) b2: See also 5.4 اشدّ, (S, A, L, K,) inf. n. إِشْدَادٌ, (K,) He, (a man, S, L, K, *) or they, (a company of men, A, L,) had, (A, L,) or had with him, (S, L, K,) [or had with them,] a strong beast, (S, L, K,) or strong beasts. (A, L.) A2: [مَا أَشَدَّ كَذَا How hard, hard to be borne, vehement, violent, intense, or the like, or how great, is such a thing!]5 تشدّد He acted, or behaved, with forced hardness, firmness, strength, vigour, hardiness, courage, vehemence, severity, strictness, or rigour; he exerted his strength, force, or energy; strained, or strained himself, or tasked himself severely; syn. تَصَلَّبَ; (A and TA in art. صلب;) and جَهَدَ نَفْسَهُ; (L;) [فِى الشَّىْءِ in the thing; as also فِيهِ ↓ شَادَّ; for] المُشَادَّةُ فِى الشَّىْءِ and التَّشَدُّدُ فِيهِ signify the same: (S, L, K: * [see an ex. of تشدّد in the first paragraph of art. جلد:]) [and] both of these phrases signify the showing hardness, &c., in the thing. (PS.) You say also تشدّد لِلْأَمْرِ He applied himself with hardness, firmness, vigour, hardiness, severity, or rigour, to the affair. (MA.) And تَشَدَّدَتِ القَيْنَةُ The slavesongstress strained herself, or tasked herself severely, in raising her voice in singing. (L.) b2: Also He (a man) was, or became, hard, or difficult: you say, سَأَلْنَا فُلَانًا حَاجَةً فَتَشَدَّدَ عَلَيْنَا [We asked of such a one a thing wanted, and he was hard, or difficult, to us]. (TA in art. وعر.) b3: And He was, or became, niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious. (MA, KL.) 6 تشادّوا [They vied, contended for superiority, or strove to surpass one another, in strength, power, or force: see 3]. (TA in art. حمس: there coupled with اِقْتَتَلُوا.) b2: See also the next paragraph.8 اشتدّ; (S, A, L, Msb;) and ↓ شَدَّ, aor. ـِ (L, Msb,) the only form of its aor. , (L,) inf. n. شِدَّةٌ, (S, Msb,) whence the former verb; (S;) and ↓ تشادّ; (L;) It was, or became, hard, (L, and MA and KL and PS in explanation of the first,) said of a substance and of an attribute: (L:) it, or he, was, or became, firm, compact, or sound; (L &c. as above;) strong, powerful, or forcible; vigorous, robust, or sturdy; (L, and A and MA and KL in explanation of the first, and Msb in explanation of the second:) [also it was, or became, bound, or tied, firmly, fast, or strongly:] and the first of these verbs, [and the second also,] it was, or became, hard to be borne, heavy, vehement, violent, intense, pressing, severe, strict, rigorous, tight, strait or difficult, distressing or distressful, afflictive, calamitous, or adverse. (MA, L, KL.) It is said in a trad., لَا تَبِيعُوا الحَبَّ حَتَّى يَشْتَدَّ i. e. [Ye shall not sell grain] until it becomes hard, or firm, or strong. (L.) And you say, اشتدّــت العُقْدَةُ [The knot became tied firmly, fast, or strongly; or became tight]. (A, Mgh, Msb.) And اشتدّ الزَّمَنُ عَلَيْهِمْ The time, or fortune, became hard upon them; or severe, rigorous, distressful, afflictive, calamitous, or adverse, to them. (L. [See also 2.]) And اشتدّ بِهِ الأَمْرُ [The affair, or event, distressed, or afflicted, him; like اشتدّ عَلَيْهِ]. (L in art. جد, &c.) b2: See also 1, former half, in four places.

شَدٌّ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, L, &c.) b2: [Hence,] شَدُّ النَّهَارِ, and شَدُّ الضُّحَى, The time when the day, and the morning, is advanced, the sun being high. (L.) One says, جِئْتُكَ شَدَّ النَّهَارِ, and شَدَّ الضُّحَى, (L, and the like is said in the A,) and فِى شَدِّ النَّهَارِ, and فِى شَدِّ الضُّحَى, (L,) I came to thee in the time when the day, and the morning, was advanced, the sun being high. (A, * L.) شَدَّةٌ [inf. n. of un. of شَدَّهُ: as such signifying] A single act [of making, or rendering, hard, firm, compact, or sound; strong, powerful, or forcible: and] of binding, or tying, firmly, fast, or strongly. (Msb.) b2: See also 2, last sentence but one.

A2: Also [inf. n. of un. of the intrans. verb شَدَّ: as such signifying] A single charge or assault or attack in war or battle. (S, A, * Mgh, L, K. *) شِدَّةٌ inf. n. of ↓ شَدَّ (L, Msb) as syn. with اِشْتَدَّ: (L:) [and] a subst. from [i. e. syn. with] اِشْتِدَــادٌ: (K:) The attribute denoted by the epithet شَدِيدٌ: (S:) hardness, (A, MA, L,) in substances and in attributes; (L;) firmness, compactness, or soundness; strength, power, or force; vigour, robustness, sturdiness, or hardiness; (MA, L; see أَشُدٌّ, which, accord. to some, is a pl. of شِدَّةٌ;) courage, bravery, firmness of heart: (L:) niggardliness, tenaciousness, or avarice: (A: [see also 5, last sentence:]) vehemence, violence, intenseness, stress, pressure, severity, strictness, rigour, tightness, straitness or difficulty: (MA:) hardship, rigour of fortune: (MA, L:) famine, dearth, want of victuals; hardness, straitness, or difficulty, of subsistence [&c.]: (L:) trouble, distress, affliction, calamity, or adversity; (MA, L;) as also [↓ شُدَّى, in these as well as in some of the preceding senses, and] ↓ شَدِيدَةٌ, [rather meaning a hard, or distressing, event, an affliction, or a calamity, and rarely used,] of which, (L,) or of شِدَّةٌ, (MA, L,) the pl. is شَدَائِدُ, (MA, L,) agreeably with analogy if of شَدِيدَةٌ, but extr. if of شِدَّةٌ: and this pl. also signifies seditions, discords, or dissensions, whereby men are put into a state of commotion: (L:) and the rigours, or pangs, (غَمَرَات,) of death: (S and Msb in art. غمر:) accord. to Sb, the pl of شِدَّةٌ is شِدَدٌ, which, he says, preserves its original form [without idghám] because it does not resemble a verb. (L.) One says, قَاسَيْتُ مِنْهُ شِدَّةً [I endured, from him, hardness, &c.; or from it, hardship, &c.]. (A.) And فُلَانٍ ↓ خفْتُ شُدَّى meaning شِدَّتَهُ [i. e. I feared the hardness, &c., of such a one]: so says Az: and he cites this verse: ↓ فَإِنِّى لَا أَلِينُ لِقَوْلِ شُدَّى

مِنَ الحَدِيدِ ↓ وَلَوْ كَانَتْ أَشَدَّ [And, or for, I will not become gentle for a hard saying, (lit. a saying of hardness,) though it should be harder than iron]. (L.) And أَصَابَتْنِى

↓ شُدَّى meaning شِدَّةٌ [i. e. Hardship, &c., befell me]. (Az, S.) [And شِدَّةٌ also signifies A strong, an intense, or a great, degree of any quality &c.]

شُدَّى: see the next preceding paragraph, in four places.

شَدِيدٌ Possessing the quality of شِدَّة: (S, L:) i. e. hard; applied to a substance and to an attribute: firm, compact, or sound: (L:) strong, powerful, forceful; vigorous, robust, sturdy, or hardy; (A, Mgh, L, Msb;) applied to a thing, (Msb,) and to a man; (A, Mgh, L;) as also شَدِيدُ القُوَى: (Mgh:) pl., applied to men, أَشِدَّآءُ and [applied to things and men] شِدَادٌ (A, L) and شُدُدٌ, (Sb, L,) which last preserves its original form [without idghám] because not resembling a verb: (L:) also courageous, brave, firm of heart: (L, K: *) and niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious; (A, L, Msb, K;) as also ↓ مُتَشَدِّدٌ: (S, A, L, K:) and [as is implied by the first explanation above, and shown by frequent usage,] vehement, violent, intense, pressing, severe, strict, rigorous, tight, strait or difficult, hard as meaning hard to be borne, troublesome, distressing or distressful, afflictive, calamitous, or adverse. (L, KL, PS, &c.) You say, هُوَ شَدِيدٌ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ [He is hard, or severe, or rigorous, to his people]. (A.) [And شَدِيدٌ عَلَى كَذَا Niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious, of such a thing.] Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, using شَدِيد in the sense of شَحِيح, حَدَرْنَاهُ بِالأَثْوَابِ فِى قَعْرِ هُوَّةٍ

شَدِيدٍ عَلَى مَا ضُمَّ فِى اللَّحْدِ جُولُهَا [We lowered him, with the grave-clothes, into the bottom of a cavity in the ground, the sides whereof were tenacious of what was comprised in the lateral hollow which was the place of the corpse]. (L.) And the words of the Kur [c. 8], وَإِنَّهُ لِحُبِّ الخَيْرِ لَشَدِيدٌ, accord. to Zj, mean and verily, on account of the love of wealth, he is niggardly, or tenacious, or avaricious. (L.) شَدِيدُ العَيْنِ applied to a man, and شَدِيْدَةُ جَفْنِ العَيْنِ metaphorically applied by a poet to a she-camel, mean Whom sleep does not overcome. (L.) And الشَّدِيدُ means The lion; (K;) because of his strength and hardiness. (TA.) [شَدِيد with a subst. or an inf. n. following it in the gen. case, the latter having the article ال prefixed to it, or being prefixed to another noun in the gen. case, supplies the place of an intensive epithet; as in شَدِيدُ السَّوَادِ Intensely, or very, black; and شَدِيدُ الغَضَبِ Vehemently, or exceedingly, or very, angry; and] مِسْكٌ شَدِيدُ الرَّائِحَةِ Strong-smelling musk; (L;) [and رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ العَيْنِ A man intensely white in the eye.] b2: الحُرُوفُ الشَّدِيدَةُ [The strong letters] are those letters which, in a state of quiescence, prevent the current of the voice in their utterance; namely أ, ب, ت, ج, د, ط, ق, and ك; (TA;) the letters comprised in the words أَجَدْتَ طَبَقَكَ. (K.) شَدِيدَةٌ [as a subst. from شَدِيدٌ, rendered such by the affix ة]: see شِدَّةٌ.

أَشَدُّ [Possessing the quality of شِدَّة, in a greater, and in the greatest, degree; i. e. more, and most, hard, &c.]. See an ex. in a verse cited voce شِدَّةٌ.

حَلَبْتَ بِالسَّاعِدِ الأَشَدِّ, or حَلَبْتُهَا الخ, is a prov., expl. in art. حلب. And بَقِىَ أَشَدُّهُ. [The hardest part of it has remained] is another prov., applied to him who attains a part of that which he wants, and is unable to attain the completion thereof. (TA. [See also Freytag's “ Arab. Prov.,” i. 169.]) [With an indeterminate subst. or inf. n. following it in the accus. case, it supplies the place of a simple epithet denoting the comparative and superlative degrees; as in أَشَدُّ سَوَادًا More, and most, black; and أَشَدُّ غَضَبًا More, and most, angry.] b2: أَشَدُّ النَّهَارِ The time when the day is most advanced, the sun being at the highest. (L. [See شَدُّ النَّهَارِ.]) أَشُدٌّ, (S, A, Mgh, L, K, &c.,) also pronounced أُشُدٌّ, (Seer, K,) but the latter form is rare, (TA,) is both masc. and fem., (Zj, TA,) and as used in the Kur it has somewhat different meanings: (Az, TA:) in the phrase حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ, (S, K,) and other phrases in the Kur, (TA,) أَشُدّ is expl. as meaning The state of strength; (S, Mgh, L, K;) which is from eighteen to thirty years: (S, L, K:) or from about seventeen to forty: (Zj:) or from thirty to forty: (Zj in another place:) or puberty: (Az, Mgh, L:) or firmness, or soundness, of judgment, produced by experience: (L:) or puberty together with such maturity as gives evidence of rectitude of conduct or course of life; (Zj, Az, Mgh, L;) which may be at, or before, the age of eighteen years; accord. to most of the men of science, and among them Esh-Sháfi'ee; (Zj, Az, L;) and the extreme term of which is three and thirty years: (Mgh:) or the age of forty years; as in the Kur xlvi. 14: (L:) أَشُدٌّ [originally أَشْدُدٌ] is a sing. having a pl. form, like آنُكٌ; and these two words are [said to be] the only instances of the kind: (S, K: [but see آنُكٌ:]) or a pl. having no proper sing., (S, Mgh, K,) like

آسَالٌ and أَبَابِيلُ and عَبَادِيدُ and مَذَاكِيرُ: (S:) or its sing. is ↓ شِدَّةٌ, (AHeyth, S, Mgh, K,) accord. to Sb; and this is good with respect to the meaning, because one says, بَلَغَ الغُلَامُ شِدَّتَهُ; (S;) but فِعْلَةٌ does not form a pl. of the measure أَفْعُلٌ; (S, K;) for as to أَنْعُمٌ, (S,) which is said by AHeyth to be pl. of نِعْمَةٌ, (TA,) [and respecting which Mtr says that] أَشُدٌّ is said to be pl. of شِدَّةٌ like as أَنْعُمٌ is of نِعْمَةٌ, formed by regarding the ة as elided, (Mgh, [and AHeyth says the like,]) it is only pl. of نُعْمٌ in the phrase يَوْمُ نُعْمٍ: (S:) or its sing. is شَدٌّ, like as كَلْبٌ is of أَكْلُبٌ; or شِدٌّ, like as ذِئْبٌ is of أَذْؤُبٌ; (S, K;) accord. to some; (S;) but neither شَدٌّ nor شِدٌّ has been heard from the Arabs [as sing. of أَشُدٌّ]; and they are only deduced from analogy: (S, K:) or it is pl. of أَشَدُّ; and the أ is not regarded in the formation of this pl. (IJ, from A 'Obeyd.) مَشَدُّ العِصَابَةِ [The place, or part, where the fillet, or the like, is bound, or tied]. (A.) مُشِدٌّ A man having, (A, Mgh, L,) or having with him, (L,) a strong beast, (A, Mgh, L,) or strong beasts; (L;) contr. of مُضْعِفٌ. (Mgh, L.) It is said in a trad., يَرُدُّ مُشِدُّهُمْ عَلَى مُضْعِفِهِمْ [He among them who has a strong beast, or strong beasts, shall give back a portion of the spoil to him of them who has a weak beast, or weak beasts]; meaning that the strong warrior and plunderer shall share with (يُسَاهِمُ) the weak in the plunder that he gains. (L.) مُتَشَدِّدٌ: see شَدِيدٌ.