غوث

1 غَاثَ: see 4.

A2: [And see also غَوِيثٌ.]2 غوّث, (S, K,) inf. n. تَغْوِيثٌ; (K;) and ↓ استغاث; (TA;) He cried out, (TA,) and said, (S, K,) ↓ وَا غَوْثَاهُ (S, K, TA) [Alas! a cry for aid, or succour! also pronounced وا غَوْثَاهِ (accord. to one of my copies of the S) and وا غَوْثَاهْ]. Yousay, ضُرِبَ فُلَانٌ فَغَوَّثَ Such a one was beaten, and cried وا غوثاه. (TA.) This is declared by the leading grammarians to be the primary signification of غوّث: then they used it as meaning He cried out, or called, desiring, or demanding, aid, or succour. (MF.) A2: See also غَوِيثٌ.4 اغاثهُ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِغَاثَةٌ (Msb, K) and ↓ مَغُوثَةٌ [which is anomalous], (K,) He aided, or succoured, him; (Msb;) He (i. e. God, Msb) removed from him trouble, or affliction: (Msb, TA:) ↓ غَاثَهُ, aor. ـِ is used in the sense of اغاثهُ, but is rare, and is said [by some] to be from الغَيْثُ, not الإِغَاثَةُ: غاثهُ, aor. ـُ is mentioned by Az as not heard by him from any one; but ISd mentions غاثهُ, inf. n. غَوْثٌ and غِيَاثٌ, though saying that اغاثهُ is more approved. (TA.) And one says also, أَغَاثَنَا المَطَرُ (assumed tropical:) [The rain gave us relief]. (Msb.) 6 تَغَاوَثُوا, accord. to Freytag, appears to be used in the Deewán of the Hudhalees as signifying They said, one to another, وَا غَوْثَاهُ: A2: and تغاوث as syn. with أَغَاثَ.]10 استغاثهُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and استغاث بِهِ, (O, Msb, TA,) the latter disallowed by some, but used by Sb, (TA,) He sought, desired, or demanded, aid, or succour, of, or by means of, him, or it; he sought, &c., [or called for,] his aid, or succour. (O, MF, TA.) b2: See also 2.

[Hence, استغاث العُودُ (assumed tropical:) The lute sent forth plaintive sounds: a modern phrase.]

غَوْثٌ and ↓ غُوَاثٌ and ↓ غَوَاثٌ, (S, K,) the last deviating from the common course of speech, (K, TA,) with respect to analogy, as will be seen from what follows, (TA,) A cry for aid, or succour. (S, K, KL, PS.) One says, أَجَابَ اللّٰهُ

↓ دُعَآءَهُ وغُوَاثَهُ and ↓ غَوَاثَهُ [God answered his prayer, and his cry for aid]. (Fr, S.) ↓ غَوَاثٌ is said by Fr to be the only word significant of a sound, or cry, having fet-h [to the first letter]; other words of this kind being with damm, as بُكَآءٌ and دُعَآءٌ, or with kesr, as نِدَآءٌ and صِيَاحٌ. (S.) See also 2. b2: And see غِيَاثٌ.

غَوَاثٌ: see غَوْثٌ, in three places: b2: and see also غِيَاثٌ. b3: In the dial. of Himyer it signifies (assumed tropical:) Travelling-provision. (TA.) غُوَاثٌ: see غَوْثٌ, in two places: b2: and see also the paragraph here following.

غِيَاثٌ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) in which the و is changed into ى because of the kesreh preceding it, (S,) a form disapproved by some of the lexicographers, but several others assign to it priority, (MF,) a subst. from أَغَاثَهُ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) as also ↓ غَوَاثٌ, ascribed by Ibn-Hajar to the majority, and ↓ غُوَاثٌ, mentioned on the authority of Aboo-Dharr, (MF,) and ↓ غَوْثٌ; (Msb;) signifying Aid, or succour; (Msb;) or deliverance from difficulty, distress, or adversity, and [from] revenge; and aid to release from difficulties, distresses, or adverse circumstances. (MF.) In the T, الغِيَاثُ is expl. as signifying That with which God aids, or succours, one. (TA.) b2: And غِيَاثٌ signifies also An aider, or a succourer: you say, فُلَانٌ غِيَاثُنَا Such a one is our aider, or succourer; i. q. ↓ مُغِيثُنَا: (TA in art. نور:) and God is said to be غِيَاثُ المُسْتَغِيثِينَ [The Aider of the seekers of aid]. (O.) b3: [Hence,] أُمُّ غِيَاثٍ is a name for (assumed tropical:) The cooking-pot. (T in art. ام.) غَوِيثٌ Food, or other succour, with which one aids a person in necessity. (O, K.) A2: Also, (O, K,) in one copy of the K ↓ تَغْوِيثٌ, (TA,) [both perhaps inf. ns., the former like دَبِيبٌ &c.,] Vehemence of running (شِدَّةُ عَدْوٍ). (O, K.) مُغِيثٌ: see غِيَاثٌ, last sentence but one.

مَغُوثَةٌ, an [anomalous] inf. n.: see 4.

مَغَاوِثُ Waters: (O, K:) said to be one of those plurals that have no singulars. (TA.) يَغُوثُ A certain idol which belonged to [the tribe of] Medhhij: (Zj, ISd, K, TA:) or a certain good man, who lived between [the times of] Adam and Noah, and of whom, after his death, was made an image, which, after a long time, became an object of worship; like وَدٌّ and سُوَاعٌ and يَغُوقُ and نَسْرٌ, mentioned therewith in the Kur lxxi. 22 and 23. (Bd.)

دجن

1 دَجَنَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. دَجْنٌ and دُجُونٌ, It (a day) was, or became, one in which the clouds covered the sky: (S:) and دَغَنَ, inf. n. دُغُونٌ, signifies the same, accord. to IAar. (TA. [See also 4.]) b2: دَجَنَتِ السَّحَابُ i. q. ↓ ادجنت [meaning The clouds rained continually]: (TA:) [for]

السَّمَآءُ ↓ ادجنت signifies the sky rained continually: (S, K:) [or دَجَنَتِ السَّحَابُ and ↓ ادجنت may mean the clouds covered the sky, or the regions of the sky, or the earth: for] ↓ الدَّجْنُ [is app. the inf. n. of the former verb, and] signifies the clouds' covering (S, M, K) the sky, (S,) or the regions of the sky, (M, K,) or the earth. (K.) b3: دَجَنَ بِالمَكَانِ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. دُجُونٌ (S, Msb, K) and دَجْنٌ, (Msb,) (tropical:) He remained, stayed, dwelt, or abode, in the place; (S, Msb, K, TA;) kept to it, or became accustomed to it: (TA:) and so ↓ ادجن. (S, Msb.) b4: And hence, (TA,) دَجَنَ said of the pigeon, and the sheep or goat, &c., (K, TA,) as, for instance, the camel, (TA,) (tropical:) It kept to the house or tent. (K, TA.) b5: And دَجَنَتْ لِلسِّنَاوَةِ (assumed tropical:) She (a camel) was, or became, accustomed to irrigating the land. (TA.) b6: And دَجَنَ فِى فِسْقِهِ (tropical:) He continued in his transgression, or wickedness, or unrighteousness. (TA.) And دَجَنُوا فِى

لُؤْمِهِمْ (tropical:) They kept to their baseness, or ungenerousness; not abandoning it. (TA.) And ↓ ادجن المَطَرُ, and الحُمَّى ↓ ادجنت, (tropical:) The rain, and the fever, continued (IAar, K) incessantly for some days. (IAar, TA.) 3 داجنهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُدَاجَنَةٌ, (S, M, TA,) He endeavoured to conciliate him; treated him with gentleness, or blandishment; soothed, coaxed, wheedled, beguiled, or deluded, him; syn. دَاهَنَهُ: (K:) in the S it is said that مُدَاجَنَةٌ is like مُدَاهَنَةٌ: in the M, that it signifies the mixing in familiar, or social, intercourse, or conversing, in a good manner. (TA.) [Golius assigns to داجن another signification of داهن; namely “ He held in contempt;” as on the authority of the KL; in my copy of which it is not mentioned; nor can I find it elsewhere.]4 أَدْجَنَ see 1, in six places. b2: ادجن also signifies It (a day) became one of much rain; and so ↓ اِدْجَوْجَنَ: (K:) or the latter has a more intensive meaning, i. e. it became cloudy with mist or vapour, and dark [with rain]; and [simply] it became dark, or obscure. (TA. [See also 1, first sentence.]) b3: And ادجنو They entered into [or upon a time of] much rain. (AAF, K.) 12 اِدْجَوْجَنَ: see the next preceding paragraph.

دَجْنٌ: see 1, second sentence: and see also دُجُنَّةٌ [which has the same, or a similar, signification]. Accord. to Az, it signifies The shade of the clouds in a day of rain. (TA.) b2: Also Much, or abundant, rain: (Az, S, Msb, K:) pl. [of pauc.] أَدْجَانٌ and [of mult.] دُجُونٌ and دُجُنٌ and دِجَانٌ. (K.) You say يَوْمُ دَجْنٍ and يَوْمٌ دَجْنٌ and ↓ يَوْمُ دُجُنَّةٍ and يَوْمٌ دُجُنَّةٌ [app. meaning, accord. to the K, A day of much, or abundant, rain; but it seems to be indicated in the S that the meaning is a day of clouds covering the whole sky, full of moisture, and dark, but containing no rain]: and in like manner one says of the night [app. لَيلَةُ دَجْنٍ and لَيْلَةٌ دَجْنٌ as well as ↓ لَيْلَةٌ دُجُنَّةٍ and لَيْلَةٌ دُجُنَّةٌ]: using the latter word both as the complement of a prefixed noun and as an epithet. (Az, S, K.) دُجْنٌ: see دُجُنَّةٌ.

دُجْنَةٌ [or ↓ دُجُنَّةٌ ?] Rain: so in the phrase يَوْمٌ ذُو دُجْنَةٍ [or دُجُنَّةٍ ?] a day of rain; as also ذُو دُغْنَةٍ [or دُغُنَّةٍ]. (TA.) b2: See also دُجُنَّةٍ. b3: Also, (S, K,) in the colours of camels, (S,) The ugliest kind of blackness. (S, K.) دُجُنٌّ: see the next paragraph, in three places.

دُجُنَّةٌ (Az, S, K) and ↓ دِجِنَّةٌ and ↓ دُجُنٌّ (K) Clouds covering the whole sky, full of moisture, and dark, but containing no rain; (Az, S, K;) pl. ↓ دُجُنٌّ [or this is a coll. gen. n. of which دُجُنَّةٌ is the n. un., though said to be syn. with this last, as well as a pl.]: (K:) and darkness; syn. ظُلْمَةٌ: or the first of these words (دُجُنَّةٌ) has this last signification; i. e. ظُلْمَةٌ, or ظَلْمَآءُ; [thus in some copies of the K and in the TA; but in other copies of the K ظَلْمَآءُ only;] and is also without teshdeed; (K;) i. e., it is also written ↓ دُجْنَةٌ, as in the “ Book ” of Sb: this is explained by Seer [and in the S] as syn. with ظُلْمَةٌ; and, accord. to Sb, its pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] is ↓ دُجْنٌ; but in the S it is said that its pl. is دُجَنٌ, i. e. like صُرَدٌ, and دُجُنَاتٌ and دُجَنَاتٌ: (TA: [but in one copy of the S, I find دُجْنٌ and دُجْنَاتٌ; and in another, دُجَنٌ and دُجُنَاتٌ:]) and ↓ دُجُنٌّ is syn. with ↓ دَجْنٌ [q. v.]: (K, TA: [in the CK, الدُّجُنُ is erroneously put for الدُّجُنُّ; and الدَّجْنُ, which should immediately follow it, is omitted:]) the pl. of دُجُنَّةٌ is دُجُنَّاتٌ. (TA.) b2: دُجُنَّةٌ also signifies The clouds' covering the earth, and being heaped; one upon another, and thick. (K, * TA.) b3: See also دَجْنٌ, in two places: and see دُجْنَةٌ.

دِجِنَّةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

دَجُونٌ: see دَاجِنٌ, in two places. b2: Also (assumed tropical:) A ewe or she-goat that does not withhold her udder from the lambs or kids of another. (TA.) دَاجِنٌ act. part. n. of 1. Hence,] دَاجِنَةٌ A rain (مَطْرَةٌ, in two copies of the S مَاطِرَةٌ,) overspreading, or covering, [the earth,] like that which is termed دِيمَةٌ [i. e. lasting, or continuous, and still, &c.]. (Az, S, K. [Freytag has written the word, as on the authority of the K, دَجْنَة.]) And سَحَابَةٌ دَاجِنَةٌ (S, Msb) and ↓ مُدْجِنَةٌ (S) A cloud raining (S, Msb) much, or continually. (S. [Which of these two meanings is intended in the S is not clearly shown.]) b2: جَمَلٌ دَاجِنٌ and ↓ دَجُونٌ (assumed tropical:) A he-camel that irrigates land; or that is used for drawing water upon him for the irrigation of land; syn. سَانٍ

[q. v.]: (K:) or that is accustomed to the irrigation of land, or to be used for drawing water upon him for that purpose: (TA:) and ↓ مَدْجُونَةٌ applied to a she-camel has this latter signification. (K, TA.) b3: And دَاجِنٌ (S, Mgh, K) and رَاجِنٌ, and some of the Arabs say دَاجِنَةٌ, (ISk, S,) applied to a sheep or goat (شَاةٌ), (ISk, S, Mgh, K,) and a pigeon, (K,) &c., (ISk, S, K,) as, for instance, a camel, (TA,) (tropical:) That keeps to the houses or tents; (ISk, S, Mgh, K, TA;) domesticated, or familiar, or tame: (ISk, S:) the first (داجن) occurs in a trad. as meaning a sheep or goat home-fed; that is fed by men in their places of abode: (TA:) pl. دَوَاجِنُ; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) applied to sheep or goats and pigeons and the like that keep to the houses or tents; (Msb; [in which it is added that some say دَاجِنَةٌ;]) by ElKarkhee said to be contr. of سَائِمَةٌ; (Mgh;) and applied by Lebeed to dogs used for the chase, (S,) in this instance meaning trained, or taught: (EM p. 164:) or دَاجِنٌ applied to a dog means that keeps to the houses or tents; and so ↓ دَجُونٌ. (TA) أَدْجَنُ A camel (S) of the colour termed دُجْنَةٌ: fem. دَجْنَآءُ. (S, K.) مُدْجِنَةٌ: see دَاجِنٌ.

لَيْلَةٌ مِدْجَانٌ A dark night. (K.) b2: شَاةٌ مِدْجَانٌ [A sheep or goat, or a ewe or she-goat,] that keeps to the lambs or kids, or is familiar with them, and affects them. (IB, TA.) مَدْجُونَةٌ: see دَاجِنٌ.

نُوبَهارُ:
بالضم ثم السكون، وباء موحدة مفتوحة، وهاء، وألف، وراء، في موضعين: أحدهما قرب الريّ، قال أبو الفضل بن العميد: خرج ابن عبّاد من الريّ يريد أصبهان ومنزله ورامين وهي قرية كالمدينة فتجاوزها إلى قرية عامرة وماء ملح لغير شيء إلا ليكتب إليّ: كتابي هذا من النوبهار يوم السبت نصف النهار، ونوبهار أيضا: ببلخ بناء للبرامكة، قال عمر بن الأزرق الكرماني: كانت البرامكة أهل شرف على وجه الدهر ببلخ قبل ملوك الطوائف وكان دينهم عبادة الأوثان فوصفت لهم مكة وحال الكعبة بها وما كانت قريش ومن والاها من العرب يأتون إليها ويعظمونها فاتخذوا بيت النوبهار مضاهاة لبيت الله الحرام ونصبوا حوله الأصنام وزينوه بالديباج والحرير وعلّقوا عليه الجواهر النفيسة، وتفسير النوبهار البهار الجديد لأن نو الجديد، وكانت سنّتهم إذا بنوا بناء حسنا أو عقدوا بابا جديدا أو طاقا شريفا كلّلوه بالريحان، وتوخّوا لذلك أول ريحان يطلع في ذلك الوقت، فلما بنوا ذلك البيت جعلوا عليه أول ما يظهر من الريحان وكان البهار فسمي نوبهار لذلك، وكانت الفرس تعظّمه وتحج إليه وتهدي له وتلبسه أنواع الثياب وتنصب على أعلى قبّته الأعلام، وكانوا يسمّون قبته الأستن، وكانت مائة ذراع في مثلها وارتفاعها فوق مائة ذراع بأروقة مستديرة حولها، وكان حول البيت ثلاثمائة وستون مقصورة يسكنها خدّامه وقوّامه وسدنته، وكان على كل واحد من سكان تلك المقاصير خدمة يوم لا يعود إلى الخدمة حولا كاملا، ويقال إن الريح ربما حملت الحرير من العلم الذي فوق القبة فتلقيه بترمذ وبينهما اثنا عشر فرسخا، وكانوا يسمون السادن الأكبر برمك لتشبيههم البيت بمكة يسمون سادنه برمكة، فكان كل من ولي منهم
السدانة برمكا، وكانت ملوك الهند والصين وكابل شاه وغيرهم من الملوك تدين بذلك الدين وتحج إلى هذا البيت، وكانت سنّتهم إذا هم وافوه أن يسجدوا للصنم الأكبر ويقبّلوا يد برمك، وجعلوا للبرمك ما حول النوبهار من الأرضين سبعة فراسخ في مثلها، وجميع أهل ذلك الرستاق عبيد له يحكم فيهم بما يريد، وصيروا للبيت وقوفا كثيرة وضياعا عظيمة سوى ما يحمل إليه من الهدايا التي تتجاوز الحدّ، وكل ذلك يصل إلى برمك الذي يكون عليه، فلم يزل يليه برمك بعد برمك إلى أن افتتحت خراسان في أيام عثمان بن عفّان وانتهت السدانة إلى برمك أبي خالد بن برمك فسار إلى عثمان مع رهائن كانوا ضمنوا مالا عن البلد، ثم إنه رغب في الإسلام فأسلم وسمي عبد الله ورجع إلى أهله وولده وبلده، فأنكروا إسلامه وجعلوا بعض ولده مكانه برمكا، فكتب إليه نيزك طرخان أحد الملوك يعظم ما أتاه من الإسلام ويدعوه إلى الرجوع إلى دين آبائه، فأجابه برمك: إني إنما دخلت في هذا الدين اختيارا له وعلما بفضله من غير رهبة ولم أكن لأرجع إلى دين بادي العوار مهتك الأستار، فغضب نيزك وزحف إلى برمك في جمع كثير، فكتب إليه برمك: قد عرفت حبي للسلامة وإني قد استنجدت الملوك فأنجدوني فاصرف عني أعنّة خيلك وإلا حملتني على لقائك! فانصرف عنه ثم استغرّه وبيّته فقتله وعشرة بنين له فلم يبق له سوى طفل وهو برمك أبو خالد فإن أمه هربت به وكان صغيرا إلى بلاد القشمير من بلاد الهند فنشأ هناك وتعلم علم الطبّ والنجوم وأنواعا من الحكمة وهو على دين آبائه، ثم إن أهل بلده أصابهم طاعون ووباء فتشاءموا بمفارقة دينهم ودخولهم في الإسلام، فكتبوا إلى برمك حتى قدم عليهم فأجلسوه في مكان آبائه وتولى النوبهار، ثم تزوّج برمك بنت ملك الصغانيان فولدت له الحسن وبه كان يكنى وخالدا وعمرا وأختا يقال لها أم خالد، وسليمان بن برمك أمه امرأة من أهل بخارى، وكان ابن برمك وأم القاسم من امرأة أخرى بخاريّة أيضا، ولما فتح عبد الله بن عامر بن كريز خراسان أنفذ قيس بن الهيثم حتى قدم مدينة بلخ وقدّم بين يديه عطاء ابن السائب فدخل بلخ وخرّب النوبهار، وقال بعض الشعراء يذكر النوبهار:
أوحش النوبهار من بعد جعفر، ... ولقد كان بالبرامك يعمر
قل ليحيى: أين الكهانة والسح ... ر وأين النجوم عن قتل جعفر؟
أنسيت المقدار أم زاغت الشم ... س عن الوقت حين قمت تقدّر!
وقال أبو بكر الصولي: حدثنا محمد بن الفضل المذاري عن علي بن محمد النوفلي قال: كان برمك يعمّر النوبهار ويقوم به، وهو اسم لبيت النار الذي كان ببلخ يعظم قدره بذلك، فصار ابنه خالد بن برمك بعده، فقال أبو الهول الحميري يمدح الفضل بن الربيع ويهجو الفضل بن يحيى بن خالد البرمكي:
فضلان ضمّهما اسم وشتّت الأخبار ... آثار فضل الربيع مساجد ومنار
وفضل يحيى ببلخ آثاره النوبهار ... وما سواه إذا ما أثيرت الآثار
بيت يوحّد فيه ويعبد الجبّار ... وبيت شرك وكفر به تعظّم نار