زبد

1 زَبَدَهُ, (As, S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (As, S, A, Msb,) inf. n. زَبْدٌ, (As, Msb,) He fed him with, or gave him to eat, زُبْد [i. e. fresh butter]. (As, S, A, Mgh, Msb, K.) b2: And hence, (Mgh,) زَبَدَهُ, (As, S, A, Mgh, Msb,) or زَبَدَ لَهُ, (K, [app. a mistranscription, for its aor. is there mentioned immediately after without the prep.,]) aor. ـِ (As, S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) the verb in the sense here following being thus distinguished from that in the sense preceding, (As, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (As, S, Mgh,) (tropical:) He gave him a gift: (As, A, Mgh, Msb:) or he gave him somewhat, a little, not much, (S, K,) of property, (S,) or of his property. (K.) b3: [Hence also,] زَبَدْتُهُ ضَرْبَةً, or رَمْيَةً, (tropical:) I struck him a blow, or shot or cast at him a missile, hastily, or quickly; as though feeding him with a piece of fresh butter. (A, TA.) b4: زَبَدَتْ سِقَآءَهَا, (S, A,) or زَبَدَ السِّقَآءَ, (K,) inf. n. as above, (A,) She agitated her milk-skin, (S, A,) or he agitated the milk-skin, (K,) in order that its butter might come forth, (S, K,) or until its butter came forth. (A.) b5: And زَبَدْتُ السَّوِيقَ [app. I put, or added, fresh butter to the meal of parched barley, like as one says سَمَنْتُ الطَّعَامَ and أَدَمْتُ الخُبْزَ &c.], aor. ـْ (A, TA,) with kesr; (A;) and السَّوِيقَ ↓ تَزَبَّدْتُ. (TA. [Both these phrases are mentioned together, as though to indicate that both signify the same: but Ibr D thinks that the latter means I swallowed the سويق like as one swallows fresh butter: in my copy of the A, it is written تَزَبَّدَتِ السَّوِيقُ, which is evidently wrong: perhaps the right reading is تَزَبَّدَ السَّوِيقُ; and the verb in this phrase, quasi-pass. of that in the former phrase.]2 زبّد شِدْقُهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَزْبِيدٌ; (K;) and ↓ تزبّد; both signify the same [i. e. The side of his mouth had froth, or foam, appearing upon it; like زَبَّبَ and تَزَبَّبَ]: (S, K:) and ↓ تزبّد said of a man, [like تَزَبَّبَ,] He being angry, froth, or foam, appeared upon each corner of his mouth. (TA.) See also 4, in two places.

A2: زَبَّدَتِ القُطْنَ, (A, L,) inf. n. as above, (S,) She separated, or loosened, the cotton [with her fingers, or by means of the bow and wooden mallet], (S, * L, A,) and prepared it well for spinning. (L.) 3 فُلَانٌ يُزَابِدُ فُلَانًا (tropical:) Such a one speaks in like manner as does such a one. (A, TA.) 4 ازبد, (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِزْبَادٌ, (Msb,) said of wine, or beverage, (S,) or of the sea, (A, Msb, K,) &c., (Msb,) or of the sea when in a state of commotion, (S, * A,) and of a cookingpot, and of the mouth of a braying camel, (A,) [&c., see زَبَدٌ,] It frothed, or foamed, or cast forth froth or foam: (S, * A, Msb, K:) and [in like manner] ↓ زبّد, inf. n. تَزْبِيدٌ, said of milk, it [frothed, or foamed; or] had froth, or foam, upon it. (A.) b2: [Hence,] said of the سِدْر [or lote-tree], (S, A, K,) (tropical:) It blossomed; (S, K, TA;) i. e. (TA) it put forth a white produce like the froth, or foam, upon water. (A, TA.) And, said of the قَتَادِ [or tragacantha], (assumed tropical:) It put forth its leaf (خُوصَة), and its wood, or branch, became strong, or hard, and its rind, or outer covering, coalesced, and it blossomed; as also ↓ زبّد. (L.) b3: Also (tropical:) It became intensely white. (A, TA.) 5 تَزَبَّدَ see 1: b2: and see also 2, in two places. b3: تزبّدهُ (assumed tropical:) He swallowed it (K) like as one swallows a piece of fresh butter: (TA:) or he took the clear, or pure, or choice, part of it. (K, TA.) Of anything of which the clear, or pure, or choice part has been taken, one says, تُزُبِّدَ. (TA.) b4: [Hence,] تزبّد اليَمِينَ (assumed tropical:) He took the oath hastily; was hasty in taking it. (AA, S, K.) It is said in a prov., تَزَبَّدَهَا حَذَّآءَ (assumed tropical:) He swallowed it [i. e. took it, namely, an oath, hastily,] like as one swallows butter. (TA in art. حذ.) زَبْدٌ [originally an inf. n.,] (tropical:) A gift. (S, A, Mgh, Msb.) So in the saying (S, TA) of Mo-hammad, (TA,) mentioned in a trad., إِنَّا لَا نَقْبَلُ زَبْدَ المُشْرِكِينَ (tropical:) [Verily we will not accept the gift of the believers in a plurality of Gods]. (S, TA.) And so in the saying, نَهَى عَنْ زَبْدِ المُشْرِكِينَ (tropical:) (A, Mgh, Msb) i. e. [He (Mohammad) forbade] the acceptance of the gift [of the believers in a plurality of Gods]. (Msb.) زُبْدٌ [Fresh butter of the cow or buffalo or sheep or goat;] what is produced by churning from milk (Mgh, Msb) of cows [or buffaloes] and of sheep or goats; what is thus produced from camels' milk being termed جُبَابٌ, not زُبْدٌ; (Msb;) the زُبْد of سَمْن before it is clarified over the fire; (L;) [i. e. butter before it is clarified over the fire;] the زُبْد [in the CK, erroneously, زَبَد] of milk; (S, K;) what is extracted from milk; (M;) and ↓ زُبَّادٌ signifies the same as زُبْدٌ: (K:) ↓ زُبْدَةٌ is a more particular term, (S, M, L, Msb,) meaning a piece, bit, portion, or somewhat, of زُبْد: (L:) and زُبْدُ اللَّبَنِ signifies also the froth (رَغْوَة) of milk [if this be not a mistake occasioned by finding الزُّبْدُ expl. as meaning زَبَدُ اللَّبَنِ instead of زُبْدُ اللَّبَنِ]. (L.) قَدْ صَرَّحَ المَحْضُ عَنِ الزُّبْدِ [The clear milk has become distinct from the fresh butter] is a prov., relating to the appearance of the truth after information that has been doubted. (L.) And ↓ اِرْتَجَنَتِ الزُّبْدَةُ is another prov. [expl. in art. رجن]. (L.) b2: ↓ زُبْدَةٌ has for its pl. زُبَدٌ, which is metonymically applied to (tropical:) The choice, or best, portions, [or what we often term the cream (by which word the sing. also may be rendered) of anything; as, for instance,] of discourse, or of a story or the like. (Har p. 222, q. v.) b3: [And it also means (assumed tropical:) An issue, or event: (see an ex. voce مَخَضَ:) generally, such as is relishable, or pleasing. Hence, app.,] one says, العُمُرِ ↓ كَانَ لِقَاؤُكَ زُبْدَةَ (tropical:) [The meeting with thee was emphatically the event of life; meaning, the most relishable, or pleasing, event of life]. (A, TA.) زَبَدٌ Froth, foam, spume, or scum: (L:) it is of water, (S, L, K,) &c.; (K;) of the sea, (A, Msb,) &c., like رَغْوَةٌ [in signification]; (Msb;) and of a cooking-pot; (A;) and of a camel, (S,) [i. e.] of a braying camel's mouth, (A,) or the white foam upon the lips of a camel when he is excited by lust; (TA;) and of the cud; and of spittle; (L;) and [the scum, or dross,] of silver: (S:) ↓ زَبَدَةٌ is a more particular term [meaning a portion, or somewhat, thereof]: (S:) the pl. of زَبَدٌ is أَزْبَادٌ. (A, TA.) b2: تَخَرَّمَ زَبَدُهُ: see 5 in art. خرم, in two places.

زُبْدَةٌ: see زُبْدٌ, in four places.

زَبَدَةٌ: see زَبَدٌ.

زُبْدِىٌّ [Butyraceous: a rel. n. from زُبْدٌ]. See خَشْخَاشٌ.

زَبَادٌ [Civet;] a certain perfume, well known: the lawyers and the lexicologists err in saying that it is a certain beast, [meaning the civet-cat,] from which the perfume is milked: (K:) or this assertion is not to be reckoned as a mistake, the word being tropically thus applied: so says El-Karáfee: and Z and other authors worthy of confidence thus apply it [as a coll. gen. n.]: Z also mentions a saying in which ↓ زَبَادَةٌ is applied [as a n. un.] to an animal of the kind from which the perfume is obtained: (TA:) this animal is the cat, (K,) i. e. the wild cat, which is like the tame, but longer and larger, and its hair inclines more to blackness: it is brought from India and Abyssinia: (TA:) the perfume above mentioned is a fluid, or matter, exuded, (رَشَحٌ, thus in the TA and in my MS. copy of the K, but in the CK وَسَخٌ [i. e. dirt],) resembling black viscous dirt, (TA,) which collects beneath the animal's tail, upon the anus (المَخْرَج), (K,) and in the inner sides of the thighs also, as says Ed-Demámeenee: (TA:) [see also زُهْمٌ:] the beast is taken, and prevented from struggling, and the said exuded fluid or matter, or dirt, (رَشَح, or وَسَخ, accord. to different copies of the K,) collected there, is scraped off with a piece of the exterior part of a cane, (K,) or, more commonly, with a spoon, (TA,) or with a piece of rag, (K,) or a thin [silver coin such as is called] دِرْهَم. (TA. [Other accounts of this perfume, which are less correct, I omit.]) A2: See also زُبَّادٌ.

زُبَادٌ, like غُرَابٌ [in measure], Fresh butter (زُبْد) that has become bad, or spoiled, in the churning: or, as some say, thin milk. (TA voce اِخْتَلَطَ, q. v.) [See also زُبَّادُ اللَّبَن, below.]

زَبَادَةٌ: see زَبَادٌ.

زُبَّادُ اللَّبَنِ [The watery part of milk;] that [part] in which is no good, of milk. (S, K. [See also زُبَادٌ.]) It is said in a prov., اِخْتَلَطَ الخَاثِرُ بِالزُّبَّادِ (S) [The thick milk became mixed with the thin watery part: or] (tropical:) the good became mixed with the bad: relating to a case of difficulty, and applied to the mixture of truth with falsehood. (L. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov., i. 434: and see اِخْتَلَطَ.]) b2: See also زُبْدٌ.

A2: زُبَّادٌ and ↓ زُبَّادَى A certain plant, (S, K,) growing in the plains, or soft land, having broad leaves, and a [pericarp such as is called] سِنْفَة: it sometimes grows in hard ground, is eaten by men, and is good, or pleasant: AHn says that it has small, contracted, dust-coloured leaves, like those of the مَرْزَنْجُوش, and its branches, or twigs, spread out: and he adds, Az says that the زُبَّاد, as also ↓ زَبَاد, the latter like سَحَاب [in measure], is of the [kind of plants called] أَحْرَار [pl. of حُرٌّ, q. v.]: (TA:) [some say that it is the psyllium. (Freytag's Lex.) See, again, اِخْتَلَطَ.]

زُبَّادَى: see the next preceding paragraph.

زَابِدٌ Possessing, or a possessor of, زُبْد [or fresh butter]; (L;) as also ↓ مُزْدَبِدٌ. (K.) بَحْرٌ مُزْبِدٌ [A frothing, or foaming, sea; or] a tumultuous, frothing, or foaming, sea. (S, A.) b2: [Hence,] أَبْيَضُ مُزْبِدٌ (tropical:) Intensely white. (A, TA.) مُزْدَبِدٌ: see زَابِدٌ.

زرع

1 زَرَعَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. زَرْعٌ (S, TA) and زِرَاعَةٌ, (TA,) He sowed, or cast seed; (S, K, TA;) as also ↓ اِزْدَرَعَ, (S, Msb, K,) originally اِزْتَرَعَ, the ت being changed into د in order that it may agree with the ز, (S, K,) for د and ز are pronounced with the voice as well as the breath, whereas ت is pronounced with the breath only: (S, TA:) [or the latter verb, as appears from an explanation of it to be found below, may signify he sowed for himself.] They say, مَنْ زَرَعَ حَصَدَ [He who sows reaps]. (TA.) And [they use this verb transitively, saying,] زَرَعْتُ البُرَّ وَالشَّعِيرَ [I sowed wheat and barley]: and in like manner, زَرَعْتُ الشَّجَرَ [I sowed the trees; or sowed the seeds which should produce the trees: or it may signify I planted the trees]. (Ibn-Abi-l-Hadeed.) and زَرَعَ الحُبَّ لَكَ فِى القُلُوبِ كَرَمُكَ وَحُسْنُ خُلُقِكَ (tropical:) [Thy generosity and the goodness of thy disposition have sown love for thee in the hearts]. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَرْضٌ فَلِيَزْرَعْهَا أَوْ لِيَمْنَحْهَا أَخَاهُ فَإِنْ أَبَى فَلِيُمْسِكْ أَرْضَهُ [Whoso hath land,] let him sow it [or let him lend it, or give it, to his brother; and if he refuse, let him retain his land]. (TA.) b2: زَرَعَ الأَرْضَ, (Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. زَرْعٌ, (Msb,) signifies [also] (tropical:) He ploughed up, or tilled, or cultivated, the land, or ground, for sowing. (Mgh, Msb.) Hence [the saying in a trad.], إِذَا زَرَعَتْ هٰذِهِ الأُمَّةُ نُزِعَ مِنْهَا النَّصْرُ (tropical:) When this nation shall employ itself altogether with agriculture and the affairs of the present world, and turn away from warring against unbelievers and the like, aid shall be withdrawn from it. (Mgh.) b3: زَرَعَهُ اللّٰهُ signifies God caused it, or made it, to grow, vegetate, or germinate; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) and, to increase; (Mgh;) namely, الحَرْثَ [the seed-produce]. (Mgh, Msb;) The verb is properly thus used of divine affairs, exclusively of human: (Er-Rághib:) and hence the saying in the Kur [lvi. 63-4], أَفَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا تَحْرُثُونَ أَأَنْتُمْ تَزْرَعُونَهُ أَمْ نَحْنُ الزَّارِعُونَ (S, * Er-Rághib) Now think ye, what ye sow, do ye cause it to grow, or are We the causers of growth? (Bd:) or, as some say, do ye cause it to increase, or are We the causers of its increase? the حَرْث [or sowing] being ascribed to them, and the زَرْع [or causing to grow] exclusively to God: when the latter is ascribed to a man, it is because he is an agent as a means of making to grow; as when you say, أَنْبَتُّ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) I was a means of causing such a thing to grow. (Er-Rághib.) [In like manner,] you say, زَرْعًا ↓ اِزْدَرَعَ, meaning (tropical:) [He raised seed-produce, i. e., was a means of causing it to grow,] for himself, in particular. (TA.) b4: [Hence,] one says, with respect to a child, زَرَعَهُ اللّٰهُ (tropical:) May God render him sound and strong; syn. جَبَرَهُ: (S, K, TA:) like as one says أَنْبَتَهُ اللّٰهُ: and in like manner, زَرَعَ اللّٰهُ وَلَدَكَ لِلْخَيْرِ (tropical:) [May God render thine offspring sound and strong, or rather, cause thine offspring to grow up, for the doing, or enjoyment, of what is good]. (TA.) b5: [Hence also,] زُرِعَ لَهُ بَعْدُ شَقَاوَةٍ (tropical:) [An increase was made for him after adversity; or] he obtained property after want; for the verb in this instance is like عُنِىَ. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) 3 مُزَارَعَةٌ is of the measure مُفَاعَلَةٌ, [denoting a mutual action,] from الزِّرَاعَةُ, (Mgh,) and its signification is well known; (S;) i. e. (tropical:) The making a contract, or bargain, with another, for labour upon land, [to till and sow and cultivate it, as is indicated in the Mgh and Msb,] for a share, or portion, of its produce, (Msb, K, TA,) the seed being from the owner of the land. (K, TA.) [You say, زَارَعَهُ (tropical:) He made with him a contract, or bargain, such as is above described; and in like manner, خَابَرَهُ, and آكَرَهُ. The doing this is forbidden, because of the uncertainty of the result.]4 ازرع It (a plant, or herbage,) had, or became in the state of having, زَرْع [i. e. produce of its seed; i. e. it grew from its seed]: (TA:) and, said of زَرْع [or seed-produce], it became tall: (K:) or, as some say, it produced its leaves: and it attained to the proper time for its being reaped. (TA.) b2: ازرع النَّاسُ signifies أَمْكَنَهُمُ الزَّرْعُ [expl. in the TK as meaning The men, or people, became able to sow seed; i. e., became possessors of seed: but I rather think that it means they had seedproduce within their power, or reach; they became able to avail themselves thereof; or they attained to a season when they had seed produce]. (K.) 5 تزرّع إِلَى الشَّرَّ i. q. تسرّع [He hastened, or made haste, to do evil, or mischief]. (Sgh, K.) 8 اِزْدَرَعَ, originally اِزْتَرَعَ: see 1, in two places.10 أَسْتَزْرِعُ اللّٰهَ وَلَدِى لِلْبِرِّ وَأَسْتَرْزِقُهُ لَهُ مِنَ الحِلِّ (tropical:) [I beg God to make my offspring grow up for piety, and I beg of Him means of subsistence for them, or him, of such kind as is of lawful attainment]. (TA.) زَرْعٌ, originally an inf. n., [see 1,] (Mgh, Msb, TA,) used as a subst. properly so termed, signitying Seed-produce; what is raised by means of sowing; (Mgh, Msb;) what is sown; (K, TA;) while in growth, [i. e. standing corn, and the like,] (K and TA voce أَزْرَعَ,) and also after it has been reaped; (S and Msb and K in art. رفع, &c.;) its predominant application is to wheat and barley; (TA;) but it signifies also plants, or herbage, [in general,] such as one reaps; or, as some say, only while fresh and juicy: (Msb:) [and often a sown field:] pl. زُرُوعٌ. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) b2: [Hence,] (tropical:) Offspring, or children; or a child. (IDrd, K, TA.) You say, هٰؤُلَآءِ زَرْعُ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) These are the offspring, or children, of such a one. (IDrd, TA.) And هُوَ زَرْعُ الرَّجُلِ (tropical:) He is the offspring, or child, of the man. (TA.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) The seed, or seminal fluid, of a man. (TA.) b4: [and (assumed tropical:) The fruit, or harvest, of a man's conduct; as though it were the produce of what he sowed.] One says, بِئْسَ الزَّرْعُ زَرْعُ المُذْنِبِ (assumed tropical:) [Very evil is the fruit, or harvest, of conduct; the fruit, or harvest, of the conduct of the sinner]. (TA.) زَرْعَةٌ and ↓ زُرْعَةٌ and ↓ زِرْعَةٌ and ↓ زَرَعَةٌ A place in which to sow. (AHn, Sgh, K.) You say, مَا فِى الأَرْضِ زَرْعَةٌ, &c., (K,) or زَرْعَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ, &c., and in like manner, عَلَى الأَرْضِ, (TA,) There is not in the land, (K,) or upon the land, (TA,) a place, (K,) or a single place, (TA,) in which to sow. (K, TA.) b2: [The first also app. signifies An ear of corn: see سَبَلٌ.]

زُرْعَةٌ: see زَرْعَةٌ. b2: Also Seed, or grain, for sowing, or that is sown; syn. بَذْرٌ. (K.) You say, أَعْطِنِى زُرْعَةً أَزْرَعُ بِهَا أَرْضِى [Give thou to me seed that I may sow therewith my land]. (TA.) [See also زَرِيعَةٌ.] b3: And (tropical:) The young one of a قَبْجَة [generally meaning a partridge]. (Z, TA.) زِرْعَةٌ: see زَرْعَةٌ.

زَرَعَةٌ: see زَرْعَةٌ.

زَرِيعٌ [i. q. ↓ مَزْرُوعٌ Sown: &c.: see زَرِيعَةٌ]. b2: Seed produce that is watered by the rain. (Ham p. 657.) b3: And hence, (tropical:) Anything soft, or tender; as being likened thereto. (Id.) زِرَاعَةٌ [an inf. n. of 1, q. v.: and] The business, or occupation, of sowing, (tropical:) ploughing up, tilling, or cultivation, land. (Mgh, * Msb, * TA.) زَرِيعَةٌ A thing that is sown; (IDrd, K;) sometimes used in this sense; as though meaning ↓ مَزْرُوعَةٌ: (IDrd:) or grain that is sown: زَرِّيعَةٌ, with teshdeed, is wrong. (IB.) [See also زُرْعَةٌ.]

زَرَّاعٌ: see زَارِعٌ. b2: Also (tropical:) A calumniator: (IAar:) one who sows rancours in the hearts of friends. (TA.) زِرِّيعٌ (tropical:) What grows in land that has been left unsown for a year or more, from what has become scattered upon it in the days of the reaping; (K;) i. e., of the grain; mentioned by Sgh, on the authority of ISh; and by Z, who says that it is also called كَاثٌّ. (TA.) زَرَّاعَةٌ: see مَزْرَعَةٌ, in two places.

زَارِعٌ [act. part. n. of 1:] i. q. ↓ زَرَّاعٌ (TA) [One who sows:] (tropical:) one who ploughs up, tills, or cultivates, land: (Mgh:) pl. زُرَّاعٌ. (TA.) By this pl., in the Kur xlviii. 29, are meant Mohammad and his Companions, the inviters to El-Islám. (Zj.) b2: Causing to grow, vegetate, or germinate: (S, TA:) causing to increase: (TA:) pl. with ون. (S, TA.) A2: Also The name of a certain dog: (Ibn-'Abbád, IF, K:) whence أَوْلَادُ زَارِعٍ

meaning (tropical:) dogs. (Ibn-'Abbád, Z, K.) مَزْرَعَةٌ (S, Msb, K, &c.) and مَزْرُعَةٌ (Sgh, L, K) and مَزْرِعَةٌ (K) A place of زَرْع [or seed-produce]; as also ↓ مُزْدَرَعٌ; (S, Msb, K;) and ↓ زَرَّاعَةٌ; (Ham p. 657;) or this last signifies land that is sown: (TA:) pl. of the first مَزَارِعُ; (TA;) and of ↓ the last زَرَّاعَاتٌ. (Ham, TA.) b2: [Hence the saying,] الدُّنْيَا مَزْرَعَةُ الآخِرَةِ (tropical:) [The present world is the place in which is produced the fruit, or harvest, to be reaped in the world to come]. (TA.) مَزْرُوعٌ and مَزْرُوعَةٌ: see زَرِيعٌ and زَرِيعَةٌ.

مُزْدَرَعٌ: see مَزْرَعَةٌ.

مُزْدَرِعٌ (tropical:) One who raises seed-produce (يَزْدَرِعُ زَرْعًا) for himself, in particular. (TA.)

ظلم

1 ظَلَمَ, aor. ـِ has for its inf. n. ظَلْمٌ, (M, Msb, K, and so in some copies of the S,) or ↓ ظُلْمٌ, (so in other copies of the S,) or both, (T,) or the latter is a simple subst., (T, M, Msb, TA,) which is put in the place of the inf. n., (TA, [and the same is indicated in the T and K by the saying that the proper inf. n. is with fet-h,]) and ↓ مَظْلِمَةٌ, (S, TA,) or this is likewise a simple subst., (Msb,) and ↓ مَظْلَمَةٌ, [or this also is a simple subst.,] and ↓ ظِلَامٌ also is said to be an inf. n. like ظُلْمٌ, these two being like لِبَاسٌ and لُبْسٌ, [or it is a simple subst. like as ظُلْمٌ is said to be, or it is an inf. n. of 3, as such occurring in the middle of this paragraph,] or, accord. to Kr, it is pl. of ظُلْمٌ [like as رِمَاحٌ is pl. of رُمْحٌ]: (TA:) [ظَلَمَ when intrans. generally means He did wrong; or acted wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically: and when trans., he wronged; or treated, or used, wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically; or he misused:] accord. to most of the lexicologists, (Er-Rághib, TA,) primarily, (As, T, S, Msb,) ↓ الظُّلْمُ signifies the putting a thing in a place not its own; putting it in a wrong place; misplacing it: (As, T, S, M, Er-Rághib, Msb, K:) and it is by exceeding or by falling short, or by deviating from the proper time and place: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or the acting in whatsoever way one pleases in the disposal of the property of another: and the transgressing the proper limit: (El-Munáwee, TA:) [i. e.] the transgressing the proper limit much or little: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or, accord. to some, it primarily signifies النَّقْص [as meaning the making to suffer loss, or detriment]: (MF, TA:) and it is said to be of three kinds, between man and God, and between man and man, and between a man and himself; every one of which three is really لِلنَّفْسِ [i. e. a wrongdoing to oneself]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [when it is used as a simple subst.,] the pl. of ظُلْمٌ, accord. to Kr. is ظِلَامٌ, as mentioned above, and ↓ ظُلَامٌ, with damm, is said to be syn. with ظُلْمٌ, or a pl. thereof, [of an extr. form, commonly regarded as that of a quasi-pl. n.,] like رُخَالٌ. (TA.) One says, مَنِ اسْتَرْعَى الذِّئْبَ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ [He who asks, or desires, the wolf to keep guard surely does wrong, or puts a thing in a wrong place]: a prov. (S, Msb.) And مَنْ أَشْبَهَ أَبَاهُ فَمَا ظَلَمَ, (As, T, S,) a prov., meaning [Whoso resembles his father in a quality, or an attribute,] he has not put the likeness in a wrong place. (As, T. [See art. شبه.]) وَلَمْ تَظْلِمْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا, in the Kur [xviii. 31], means وَلَمْ تَنْقُصْ [i. e. And made not aught thereof to suffer loss, or detriment]: (M, K:) and in like manner Fr explains the saying in the Kur [ii. 54 and vii. 160], وَمَا ظَلَمُونَا وَلٰكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ And they made not us to suffer loss, or detriment, by that which they did, but themselves they made to suffer loss, or detriment: (T, TA:) in which sense it seems to be indicated in the A that the verb is tropical. (TA.) b2: It is also trans. by means of بِ; as in the phrase in the Kur [vii. 101 and xvii. 61] فَظَلَمُوا بِهَا, because the meaning is كَفَرُوا [i. e. And they disbelieved in them], referring to the آيَات [or signs]; (M, TA; *) the verb having this meaning tropically or by implication; or being thus made trans. because implying the meaning of التَّكْذِيب: or [the meaning is, and they wronged themselves, or the people, because of them; for], as some say, the ب is causative, and the objective complement, i. e. أَنْفُسَهُمْ, or النَّاسَ, is suppressed. (TA.) b3: and it is doubly trans. by itself: (TA:) one says, ظَلَمَهُ حَقَّهُ [He made him to suffer loss, or detriment, of his right, or due; or defrauded, or despoiled, or deprived, him of it]; and حَقَّهُ ↓ تظلّمهُ: (M, K:) [and] you say, فُلَانٌ ↓ تَظَلَّمَنِى, [as well as تظلّمنى مَالِى, occurring in a verse cited in the M,] meaning ظَلَمَنِى مَالِى [i. e. Such a one caused me to suffer loss, &c., of my property]. (S.) It is said in the Kur [iv. 44], إِنَّ اللّٰهَ لَا يَظْلِمُ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ, for لَا يَظْلِمُهُمْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةِ, and the verb is made doubly trans. because the meaning is لَا يَسْلُبُهُمْ [i. e. Verily God will not despoil them, or deprive them, of the weight of one of the smallest of ants, or a grub of an ant, &c.]: or مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ, may be put in the place of the inf. n., for ظَلْمًا حَقِيرًا كَمِثْقَالِ ذَرَّةٍ [i. e. with a paltry spoliation or deprivation, such as the weight of one of the smallest of ants, &c.]. (M.) b4: One says also, أَرَادَ ظِلَامَهُ and مُظَالَمَتَهُ, [these two nouns being inf. ns. of ↓ ظَالَمَهُ, or the former, as mentioned above, is, accord. to some, an inf. n. of ظَلَمَ,] meaning ظُلْمَهُ or ظَلْمَهُ [i. e. He desired the wronging, &c., of him]. (M, K.) b5: ظَلَمَهُ, inf. n. ظُلْمٌ [or ظَلْمٌ?], also means He imposed upon him a thing that was above his power, or ability. (TA.) And يُظْلَمُ He is asked for a thing that is above his power, or ability. (S.) b6: And one says, ظَلَمَ البَعِيرَ (tropical:) He slaughtered the camel without disease. (S, K, TA.) And ظُلِمَتِ النَّاقَةُ (assumed tropical:) The she-camel was slaughtered without disease: or was covered without her desiring the stallion. (M.) And ظَلَمَ الحِمَارُ الأَتَانَ (tropical:) The he-ass leaped the she-ass (K, TA) before her time: (TA:) or when she was pregnant: (K, TA:) so in the A. (TA.) b7: And ظَلَمَ الوَطْبَ, (S, K,) inf. n. ظُلْمٌ [or ظَلْمٌ?], (S,) (tropical:) He gave to drink of the milk of his skin before its becoming thick (S, K, TA) and its butter's coming forth. (TA. [And the like is said in the T and M.]) And ظَلَمَ القَوْمَ (assumed tropical:) He gave to drink to the people, or party, (T, M, K,) milk before it had attained to maturity, (T, K,) as related on the authority of A 'Obeyd, (T,) or [milk such as is termed] ظَلِيمَة: (M:) but this is a mistake: it is related on the authority of Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà [i. e. Th] and AHeyth that one says, ظَلَمْتُ السِّقَآءَ, and اللَّبَنَ, meaning I drank, or gave to drink, what was in the skin, and the milk, before its attaining to maturity and the extracting of its butter: accord. to ISk, one says, ظَلَمْتُ وَطْبِىَ القَوْمَ, [but I think that it is correctly ظَلَمْتُ وَطْبِى لِلْقَومِ, agreeably with a verse cited in the T and M,] meaning I gave to drink [to the people, or party,] the contents of my milk-skin before the thickening thereof. (T.) And ظَلَمْتُهُ is said of anything as meaning (assumed tropical:) I did it hastily, or hurriedly, before its proper time, or season. (M, TA.) b8: ظَلَمْتُ الحَوْضَ means (assumed tropical:) I made the watering-trough in a place in which watering-troughs should not be made. (ISk, T.) And ظَلَمَ الأَرْضَ means (tropical:) He dug the ground in what was not the place of digging: (M, K, TA:) or when it had not been dug before. (M.) And, said of a torrent, (assumed tropical:) It furrowed the earth in a place that was not furrowed. (T.) And ظَلَمَ البِطَاحَ, said of a torrent, (tropical:) It reached the بطاح [or wide water-courses containing fine, or broken, pebbles, &c.], not having reached them before. (A, TA.) And ظَلَمَ الوَادِى (tropical:) The water of the valley reached a place that it had not reached before. (Fr, T, S, K, TA.) b9: When men have added upon the grave other than its own earth, لَا تَظْلِمُوا (tropical:) [Transgress not ye the proper limit] is said to them. (TA.) b10: And one says, لَا تَظْلِمْ وَضَحَ الطَّرِيقِ (assumed tropical:) Turn not thou from the main part, or the beaten track, of the road. (M.) And لَا تَظْلِمْ عَنْهُ شَيْئَا (assumed tropical:) Turn not thou from it at all. (T.) And لَزِمَ الطَّرِيقَ فَلَمْ يَظْلِمْهُ (assumed tropical:) [He kept to the road, and] did not turn from it to the right and left. (TA.) b11: And مَا ظَلَمَكَ

أَنْ تَفْعَلَ (T, K, TA) (tropical:) What has prevented thy doing (K, TA) such a thing? (TA.) A man complained to Abu-l-Jarráh of his suffering indigestion from food that he had eaten, and he said to him, مَا ظَلَمَكَ أَنْ تَقِىْءَ (assumed tropical:) [What has prevented thy vomiting?]. (Fr, T.) And one says, مَا ظَلَمَكَ عَنْ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) What has prevented thee from such a thing? (T.) Respecting the saying قَالَ بَلَى يَا مَىَّ وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمْ [addressed by a man to a woman who had invited him to visit her], Fr says, they say that the meaning is حَقًّا [Truly, or in truth; i. e. He said, Yes, O Meiya, truly, or in truth, I will visit thee]; and it is a prov.; (T;) or اليَوْمُ ظَلَمَ, or بَلَى وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمَ, is a prov.; (Meyd;) and thus it was expl. by IAar, as used in the manner of an oath: but Fr says, in my opinion the meaning is, and a day in which is a cause of prevention shall not prevent me: [so that the words of the hemistich above may be rendered, he said, Yes, O Meiya, though the day present an obstacle, for I will overcome every obstacle]: (T:) accord. to Kr, قَدِمَ فُلَانٌ وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمَ means Such a one came truly, or in truth: [or it may be rendered such a one came though the day presented an obstacle:] but in the saying إِنَّ الفِرَاقَ اليَوْمَ وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمْ the meaning is said by some to be وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمَنَا [i. e. Verily separation is to-day, and the day has wronged (us)]: or, as some say, ظلم here means, has put the thing in a wrong place: (M:) accord. to ISk, the phrase وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَم means[And, or but, or though,] the day has put the affair in a wrong place. (T.) [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 911.]

A2: ظَلِمَ, said of the night: see 4.2 ظلّمهُ, inf. n. تَظْلِيمٌ, (T, S, &c.,) He told him that he was ظَالِم [i. e. doing wrong or acting wrongfully &c., or a wrongdoer]: (T:) or he attributed, or imputed, to him ظُلْم [i. e. wrongdoing, &c.]. (S, M, Msb, K.) b2: And He (a judge) exacted justice for him from his wronger, and aided him against him. (T.) 3 ظَاْلَمَ see 1, in the middle of the paragraph.4 اظلم, said of the night, (Fr, T, S, M, Msb, K,) and ↓ ظَلِمَ, (Fr, T, S, K,) the latter with kesr, (S,) like سَمِعَ, (K,) [erroneously written in the TT as from the M ظَلَمَ,] It became dark; (S, K;) or it became black; (M;) or it came with its darkness. (Msb.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 19], وَإِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا [And when it becomes dark to them they stand still]; the verb being intrans.: or, accord. to the Ksh, and Bd follows it, it may be trans. [so that the meaning is, and when He makes their place dark &c.]; as is shown by another reading, which is أُظْلِمُوا: accord. to AHei, it is known by transmission as only intrans.; but Z makes it to be trans. by itself; Ibn-Es-Saláh affirms it to be trans. and intrans.: and Az [so in the TA, but correctly ISd, in the M,] mentions the saying, تَكَلَّمَ فَأَظْلَمَ عَلَيْنَا البَيعتَ (assumed tropical:) [He spoke, and made dark to us the house, or chamber, or tent], meaning he made us to hear what we disliked, or hated, the verb being trans. (TA.) b2: And أَظْلَمُوا They entered upon the ظَلَام [or darkness, or beginning of night]: (S, M, Msb, K:) or, as in the Mufradát [of Er-Rághib], they became in darkness. (TA.) b3: And they said, مَا أَظْلَمَهُ and ما أَضْوَأَهُ [How dark is it! and How light, or bright, is it!]; which is anomalous. (S, TA.) A2: And اظلم الثَّغْرُ The front teeth glistened. (T, K.) Hence the saying [of a poet], إِذَا مَا اجْتَلَى الرَّائِى إِلَيْهَا بِطَرْفِهِ غُرُوبَ ثَنَايَاهَا أَضَآءَ وَأَظْلَمَا [as though meaning, When the beholder of her with his eye looks at the fineness, or sharpness, (but غُرُوب is variously explained,) of her central teeth, it shines brightly, and glistens: but Az plainly indicates another meaning; i. e., he sees (lit. lights on, or finds,) brightness and lustre; for he immediately adds, without the intervention of وَ or أَوْ, evidently in relation to this verse,] أَضَآءَ

أَىْ أَصَابَ ضَوْءًا وَأَظْلَمَ أَصَابَ ظَلْمًا: (T:) [and ISd cites the verse above with the substitution of بِعَينِهِ for بِطَرْفِهِ and of أَنَارَ for أَضَآءَ immediately after saying that] أَظْلَمَ signifies he looked at the teeth and saw lustre (الظَّلْمَ). (M.) [In the K, next after the explanation of اظلم الثَّغْرُ given above, it is added that اظلم said of a man signifies أَصَابَ ظَلْمًا: thus, with fet-h, to the ظ, accord. to the TA: in my MS. copy of the K and in the CK, ظُلْمًا, which is doubtless a mistranscription.]5 تظلّم مِنْهُ CCC (T, S, M, K, [but in some copies of the S, منه is omitted,]) He complained of his ظُلْم [or wrongdoing, &c.], (S, M, K,) إِلَى الحَاكِمِ [to the judge]: (T:) in some copies of the S, تُظُلِّمَ. (TA.) b2: And تظلّم signifies also He transferred the responsibility for the ظُلْم [or wrongdoing, &c.,] upon himself, (M, K,) accord. to IAar, who has cited as an ex., كَانَتْ إِذَا غَضِبَتْ عَلَىَّ تَظَلَّمَتْ [as though meaning She used, when she was angry with me, to transfer the responsibility for the wrongdoing upon herself; which may mean that she finally confessed the wrongdoing to be hers]; but [ISd says] I know not how that is: the تَظَلُّم in this case is only the complaining of الظُّلْم; for when she was angry with him, it was not allowable [to say] that she attributed the ظُلْم to herself. (M.) b3: See also 1, former half, in two places.6 تظالم القَوْمُ (S, M, Msb) The people, or company of men, treated, or used, one another wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically (ظَلَمَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا). (M, Msb.) b2: And [hence]

تَظَالَمَتِ المِعْزَى (tropical:) The goats smote one another with their horns by reason of their being fat and having abundance of herbage. (IAar, M, TA.) One says, وَجَدْنَا أَرْضًا تَظَالَمَ مِعْزَاهَا (tropical:) We found a land whereof the goats smote one another with their horns by reason of satiety and liveliness. (T, TA.) 7 إِنْظَلَمَ see the next paragraph.8 اِظَّلَمَ (T, S, M, K) and اِظْطَلَمَ and اِطَّلَمَ, (S, M,) which last is [said to be] the most usual, (S,) [but I have mostly found the first to be used,] of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ, (S, M,) He took upon himself [the bearing of] ظُلْم [or wrong, &c.,] in spite of difficulty, trouble, or inconvenience: (S, TA:) or he bore الظُّلْم [or wrong, &c.,] (T, M, K, TA,) willingly, being able to resist; (T, TA;) and ↓ اِنْظَلَمَ signifies [thus likewise, or] he bore الظُّلْم. (S, M, K.) ظَلْمٌ The lustre, and brightness, of gold. (Z, TA.) b2: And hence, (Z, TA,) The lustre (lit. running water) upon the teeth; (Lth, T, Z, TA;) the lustre (مَآء, S, M, K, and بَرِيق, S, K) of the teeth, (Lth, T, S, M, Z, K, TA,) from the clearness of the colour, not from the saliva, (Lth, * T, * M,) like blackness within the bone thereof, by reason of the intense whiteness, (S, K,) resembling the فِرِنْد [q. v.] of the sword, (S, K,) or appearing like the فِرِنْد [of the sword], so that one imagines that there is in it a blackness, by reason of the intense lustre and clearness: (M:) or, accord. to Sh, whiteness of the teeth, as though there were upon it [somewhat of] a blackness: or, as Abu-l-'Abbás ElAhwal says, in the Expos. of the “ Kaabeeyeh,”

lustre (lit. running water) of the teeth, such that one sees upon it, by reason of its intense clearness [app. meaning transparency], what resembles dustcolour and blackness: or, accord. to another explanation, fineness, or thinness, and intense whiteness, of the teeth: (TA:) pl. ظُلُومٌ. (S, M.) b3: Also Snow: (M, K:) it is said to have this meaning: and the phrase مُشْرَبَةِ الثَّنَايَا بِمَآءِ الظَّلْمِ, used by a poet, may mean [Having the central teeth suffused with the lustre termed ظَلْم, as is indicated in the T and S, or] with the water of snow. (Lth, T.) ظُلْمٌ [as a simple subst. generally means Wrong, wrongdoing, injustice, injuriousness, or tyranny]: see 1, first sentence, in two places. b2: [ظُلْمُ الارضِ in the CK is a mistranscription for ظَلَمَ الأَرْضَ. b3: And الظُلْمُ in one place in the CK, as syn. with الظَّلْمَآءُ, is a mistake for الظُّلْمَةُ.]

لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى ظَلَمٍ, (S, M, K,) or أَدْنَى ذِى ظَلَمٍ, (K, TA, [in the CK اَوَّلَ ذِى ظَلَمٍ,]) means (tropical:) I met him the first of everything: (S, K, TA:) or the first thing: (M:) or when the darkness was becoming confused: (M, K:) or أَدْنَى ظَلَمٍ meansnear; (El-Umawee, S, M, K;) or nearness: (M, K:) and one says, هُوَ مِنْكَ أَدْنَى ذِى ظَلَمٍ

[app. He is near thee], and رَأَيْتُهُ أَدْنَى ذِى ظَلَمٍ

[app. I saw him near]: (M:) and ظَلَمٌ is also syn. with شَخْصٌ [as meaning an object seen from a distance, or a person]; (K;) or, as some say, it has this meaning in the phrase أَدْنَى ظَلَمٍ [so that لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى ظَلَمٍ may mean I met him the nearest object seen from a distance, or the nearest person]: (M:) and accord. to Kh, one says, ↓ لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى ظُلْمَةٍ, or أَوَّلَ ذِى ظُلْمَةٍ, (as in different copies of the S,) meaning I met him the first thing that obstructed my sight. (S.) b2: ظَلَمٌ signifies also A mountain: and the pl. is ظُلُومٌ. (M, K.) ظُلَمٌ an appellation of Three nights (T, S, K) of the lunar month (T, S) next after the three called دُرَعٌ; (T, S, * K; *) so says A'Obeyd: (T:) thus called because of their darkness: (S:) the sing. is ↓ ظَلْمَآءُ; (T, S;) so that it is anomalous; for by rule it should be ظُلْمٌ; (S;) and the sing. of دُرَعٌ is دَرْعَآءُ: so says A'Obeyd: but accord. to AHeyth and Mbr, the sings. are ↓ ظُلْمَةٌ and دُرْعَةٌ, agreeably with rule; and this is the correct assertion. (T. [See more in art. درع, voce أَدْرَعُ.]) ظِلَمٌ: see ظِلَّامٌ.

ظُلْمَةٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ ظُلُمَةٌ (S, M, K) [accord. to the CK ظُلْمٌ and ظُلُمٌ, both of which are wrong,] and ↓ ظَلْمَآءُ (S, M, Msb, K) Darkness; contr. of نُورٌ: (S, Msb:) or nonexistence of نُور [or light]: or an accidental state that precludes the coëxistence therewith of نُور: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or the departure of light; as also ↓ ظَلَامٌ; (M, K;) which last has no pl.; (T, TA;) or this last signifies the beginning, or first part, of night, (S, M, Msb,) even though it be one in which the moon shines; and is said by Sb to be used only adverbially; one says, أَتَيْتُهُ ظَلَامًا, meaning I came to him at night, and مَعَ الظَّلَامِ i. e. at the time of the night: (M, TA:) the pl. of ظُلْمَةٌ is ظُلَمٌ and ظُلُمَاتٌ and ظُلَمَاتٌ (T, S, Msb) and ظُلْمَاتٌ, (S, Msb,) or, accord. to IB, the first of these pls. is of ظُلْمَةٌ and the second is of ظُلُمَةٌ. (TA.) One says, ↓ هُوَ يَخْبِطُ الظَّلَامَ [or فِى الظَّلَامِ, expl. in art. خبط], and الظُّلْمَةَ [which means the same] and ↓ الظَّلْمَآءَ [which is also expl. in art. خبط]. (TA.) b2: ظُلْمَةٌ is also [tropically] used as a term for (assumed tropical:) Ignorance: and (assumed tropical:) belief in a plurality of gods: and (assumed tropical:) transgression, or unrighteousness: like as نُورٌ is used as a term for their contraries: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and it is said in the A that الظُّلْمُ is ظُلْمَةٌ, like as العَدْلُ is نُورٌ. (TA.) ظُلُمَاتُ البَحْرِ means (assumed tropical:) The troubles, afflictions, calamities, or hardships, of the sea. (M.) A2: And one says لَيْلَةٌ ظُلْمَةٌ, [using the latter word as an epithet, (in the CK, erroneously, ظَلِمَةٌ,)] and ↓ لَيْلَةٌ ظَلْمَآءُ, both meaning A night intensely dark; (M, K;) or the latter means مُظْلِمَةٌ [i. e. dark, or black]: (S:) and ↓ لَيْلٌ ظَلْمَآءُ also, (M, K,) which is anomalous, (K,) mentioned by IAar, but [ISd says] this is strange, and in my opinion he has put لَيْلٌ in the place of لَيْلَةٌ, as in his mentioning لَيْلٌ قَمْرَآءُ [q. v.]. (M.) b2: See also ظُلَمٌ: b3: and see the paragraph next preceding it.

ظِلْمَةٌ sing. of ظِلَمٌ: see ظِلَّامٌ.

ظُلُمَةٌ: see ظُلْمَةٌ.

ظَلْمَآءُ: see ظُلْمَةٌ, in four places: and see also ظُلَمٌ.

ظَلَامٌ: see ظُلْمَةٌ, in two places.

ظُلَامٌ: see 1, in the first quarter of the paragraph.

ظِلَامٌ: see 1, near the beginning: A2: see also ظِلَّامٌ.

A3: It signifies also Little, or small, in quantity: or mean, contemptible, paltry, or of no weight or worth: b2: whence the saying, نَظَرَ إِلَىَّ ظِلَامًا, meaning شَزْرًا [i. e. He looked at me from the outer angle of the eye, with anger, or aversion]. (K.) ظَلُومٌ: see ظَلَّامٌ. b2: [Hence,] one says اِمْرَأَةٌ ظَلُومٌ لِلسِّقَآءِ (assumed tropical:) [A woman wont to give to drink the milk of the skin before its attaining to maturity and the extracting of its butter: see ظَلَمَ الوَطْبَ, and what follows it, in the first paragraph]. (M.) ظَلِيمٌ [as syn. with مَظْلُومٌ in the primary sense of the latter I have not found: but as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates it signifies] (tropical:) Milk that is drunk before its becoming thick and its butter's coming forth or being extracted; (S, * M;) as also ↓ ظَلِيمَةٌ, (T, S, M,) and ↓ مَظْلُومٌ. (T, S.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) A place that is ↓ مَظْلُوم [i. e. dug where it should not be dug]: (M, TA:) used in this sense by a poet describing a person slain in a desert, for whom a grave was dug in a place not proper for digging [it]. (M.) b3: And (tropical:) The earth of land that is ↓ مَظْلُومَة (S, K, TA) i. e. dug, (TA,) or dug for the first time. (S.) And (assumed tropical:) The earth of the لَحْد [or lateral hollow] of a grave; which is put back, over it, after the burial of the dead therein. (T, TA.) A2: Also The male ostrich: (T, S, M, K:) said (by IDrd, TA) to be so called because he makes a place for the laying and hatching of the eggs (يُدَحِّى, inf. n. تَدْحِيَةٌ,) where the doing so is not proper: (M, TA:) or, accord. to Er-Rághib and others, because he is believed to be deaf: (TA:) pl. ظِلْمَانٌ (T, M, K) and ظُلْمَانٌ (M, K) and أَظْلِمَةٌ, (T, M,) which last is a pl. of pauc. (T.) b2: And الظَّلِيمَانِ is an appellation of Two stars; (M, K, * TA;) the two stars of القَوْس [or Sagittarius] that are on the northern curved end of the bow [i. e.

λ and μ, above the nine stars called النَّعَائِم, or “ the ostriches ”]. (Kzw in his descr. of Sagittarius.) And الظَّلِيمُ is the name of The bright star α] at the end of النَّهْر [i. e. Eridanus]: and A star upon the mouth of الحُوت [i. e. Piscis Australis] (Kzw in his descr. of Eridanus.) [It seems to be implied in the K that الظَّلِيمُ is the name of two stars; or it may be there meant that each of two stars is thus called. Freytag represents the sing. as “ a name of stars,” and the dual also as “ a name of stars; ” referring, in relation to the former, to Ideler's “ Untersuch,” pp. 201, 228, and 233; and in relation to the latter, to the same work, pp. 106 and 184.]

ظُلَامَةٌ: see مَظْلِمَةٌ.

ظَلِيمَةٌ: see مَظْلِمَةٌ: b2: and see also ظَلِيمٌ.

ظَلَّامٌ (TA) and ↓ ظِلِّيمٌ (S, TA) [and ↓ ظَلُومٌ, mentioned in the M and K with ظَالِمٌ, as though syn. therewith, but it is an intensive epithet,] One who acts wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically, much, or often; i. q. كَثِيرُ الظُّلْمِ. (S, TA.) b2: ظَلَّامُونَ لِلْجُزُرِ occurs in a verse of Ibn-Mukbil [meaning (assumed tropical:) Men often slaughtering camels without disease]. (T, S.) A2: See also what next follows.

ظِلَّامٌ (AHn, T, M, K) and ↓ ظَلَّامٌ (T) and ↓ ظِلَامٌ (K) and ↓ ظَالِمٌ and ↓ ظِلَمٌ, (T, K,) the last mentioned by IAar, and its sing. is ↓ ظِلْمَةٌ, (T,) accord. to AHn, A certain herb, (M, K, TA,) which is depastured; (M, TA;) accord. to IAar, a strange kind of tree; (T, TA;) accord. to As, a kind of tree (T, TA *) having long [shoots such as are termed] عَسَالِيج [pl. of عُسْلُوجٌ q. v.], (T, K, TA,) which extend so that they exceed the limit of the أَصْل [i. e. either root or stem] thereof; for which reason the tree is called ظَلَّام. (T, TA.) ظِلِّيمٌ: see ظَلَّامٌ.

ظَالِمٌ [Acting wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically: and wronging; or treating, or using, wrongfully, &c.:] part. n. of ظَلَمَ: (M, K:) and ↓ مُتَظَلِّمٌ signifies the same; as well as complaining of his wrongdoer: (T:) [the pl. of the former is ظَالِمُونَ and ظَلَمَةٌ:] and ظَلَمَةٌ signifies those who debar men from, or refuse to them, their rights, or dues. (IAar, T, TA.) A2: See also ظِلَّامٌ.

أَظْلَمُ [More, and most, wrongful, unjust, injurious, or tyrannical, in conduct]. El-Muärrij says, I heard an Arab of the desert say to his companion, أَظْلَمِى وَأَظْلَمُكَ فَفَعَلَ اللّٰهُ بِهِ, meaning The more wrongful in conduct of me and of thee [may God do to him what He will do; i. e. may God punish him]. (T.) [And] one says, لَعَنَ اللّٰهُ أَظْلَمِى وَأَظْلَمَكَ i. e. [May God curse] the more wrongful in conduct of us. (K. [But in the TA, a doubt is intimated as to the correctness of this latter saying.]) One says also, لَهُوَ أَظْلَمُ مِنْ حَيَّةٍ [i. e. Verily he is more wrongful in conduct than a serpent]: because it comes to a burrow which it has not excavated, and makes its abode in it: (Fr, T:) for it comes to the burrow of the [lizard called] ضَبّ, and eats its young one, and takes up its abode in its burrow. (TA voce حَيَّةٌ.) b2: And الأَظْلَمُ is an appellation of The ضَبّ; because it eats its young ones. (TA.) مُظْلِمٌ [Becoming dark, &c.: see its verb, 4]. b2: [Hence,] شَعَرٌ مُظْلِمٌ (tropical:) Hair intensely black. (M, K, TA.) And نَبْتٌ مُظْلِمٌ (tropical:) A plant intensely green, inclining to blackness by reason of its [deep] greenness. (M, K, TA.) And يَوْمٌ مُظْلِمٌ (tropical:) A day of much evil: (K, TA:) or a very evil day: and a day in which one finds hardship, or difficulty. (M.) And أَمْرٌ مُظْلِمٌ (tropical:) An affair such that one knows not how to enter upon it; (Az, M, K;) and so ↓ أَمْرٌ مِظْلَامٌ: (K:) [or,] accord. to Lh, one says ↓ يَوْمٌ مِظْلَامٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) a day such that one knows not how to enter upon it. (M.) مَظْلِمَةٌ and مَظْلَمَةٌ: see 1, near the beginning. b2: Also the former, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and the latter likewise, mentioned by Ibn-Málik and ISd and IKtt, and مَظْلُمَةٌ, which is disallowed by several but mentioned on the authority of Fr, and all three are mentioned in the Towsheeh and in copies of the S, (MF, TA,) and ↓ ظُلَامَةٌ, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ ظَلِيمَةٌ, (S, TA,) A thing of which one has been defrauded; (M, K; [in the CK, تَظَلَّمَهُ is erroneously put for تُظُلِّمَهُ;]) a thing of which thou hast been defrauded, (اَلَّتِى

ظُلِمْتَهَا, T,) or a thing that thou demandest, (مَا تَطْلُبُهُ, S, Msb,) in the possession of the wrongdoer; (T, S, Msb;) a term for a thing that has been taken from thee; (S; [thus, as is said in the M, the first is expl. by Sb;]) a right, or due, that has been taken from one wrongfully: (A, Mgh:) the pl. of مظلمة is مَظَالِمُ. (Mgh, TA.) In the phrase يَوْمُ المَظَالِمِ, [meaning The day of the demand of things wrongfully taken, and particularly applied to the great day of judgment,] the prefixed noun [i. e. طَلَبِ] is suppressed. (Mgh.) [Respecting the office termed النَّظَرُ فِى المَظَالِمِ The examination into wrongful exactions, see De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., see. ed., i. 132.]

مُظَلَّمٌ (assumed tropical:) A house, or chamber, decorated with pictures; (M, TA;) as though the pictures were put therein where they should not be: it is related in a trad. that the Prophet, having been invited to a repast, saw the house, or chamber, to be مُظَلَّم, and turned away, not entering: (M:) or adorned with gilding and silvering; an explanation disapproved by Az, but pronounced by Z to be correct, from الظَّلْمُ signifying “ the lustre, and brightness, of gold. ” (TA.) b2: and (assumed tropical:) Herbage spreading (مُنْبَثٌّ [in the CK مُنْبَت]) upon the ground, not rained upon. (K, TA.) b3: Also, of birds, (assumed tropical:) The رَخَم [or vultur percnopterus], and crows, or ravens. (IAar, M, K. *) مِظْلَامٌ: see مُظْلِمٌ, in two places.

مَظْلُومٌ [Wronged; treated, or used, wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically: b2: and hence used in other senses]: see ظَلِيمٌ, in three places.

أَرْضٌ مَظْلُومَةٌ is also expl. as meaning (tropical:) Land that is dug in a place not proper for digging: (TA:) or land in which a watering-trough has been dug, not being a proper place for digging it: (ISk, M:) or land in which a well, or a wateringtrough, has been dug, when there had not been any digging therein: (A, TA:) or hard land, when it is dug. (Ham p. 56.) Also (assumed tropical:) Land upon which rain has not fallen. (T.) And بَلَدٌ مَظْلُومٌ (assumed tropical:) A country upon which rain has not fallen, and wherein is no pasturage for the camels upon which people journey. (T.) مُتَظَلِّمٌ: see ظَالِمٌ. Quasi ظلى 5 تظلّى: see 5 in art. ظل.

فخت

1 فَخَتَتْ, said of a woman, She walked with an elegant and a proud and self-conceited gait, with an affected inclining of the body from side to side. (Msb.) [See also 5.] b2: And, said of the bird called فَاخِتَة, It [cooed, or] uttered a cry or sound. (K.) b3: And فَخَتَ He lied, or uttered a falsehood. (A, TA. [See فَاخِتَةٌ.]) A2: فَخَتَهُ, aor. ـَ He cut it off (K, TA) with a sword. (TA.) b2: فَخَتَ رَأْسَهُ He smote his head with a sword, (O, K, TA,) and cut it off. (TA.) b3: فَخَتَ الإِنَآءَ, (K, TA,) inf. n. فَخْتٌ, (TA,) He uncovered the vessel. (K, TA.) b4: And الفَخْتُ signifies also The cook's taking out with the hand a piece of flesh-meat from the cooking-pot: (K, TA:) مِنَ القِدْرَةِ, the reading found in copies of the K, [in the CK من الفِدْرَةِ,] is a mistake: it should be من القِدْرِ, as in the L [and O] &c. (TA.) 5 تفخّت He walked in the manner of the bird called فَاخِتَة: thus in the K: but in most of the lexicons تَفَخَّتَتْ: (TA:) i. e. she (a woman) walked as walks the فَاخِتَة: (A:) [or,] accord. to Lth, [in the 'Eyn,] signifying مشت مجنبحة: (TA: in the O, مَشَتْ مجنحه; and in the margin thereof, مُجَنْبِخَةً: [the right reading is مَشَتْ مُجْتَنِحَةً; thus in the JK, a lexicon founded upon the 'Eyn:] thought by him to be from the walking of the bird called فَاخِتَة: (O, * TA:) he means, she strode in her walking, and held out her arms apart from [her sides beneath] her armpits. (TA.) b2: And He wondered, syn. تَعَجَّبَ, (O, K, TA,) and said, How good, or goodly, is he, or it! (O, TA.) And it is said of a man as signifying تعجّب فِى مِشْيَتِهِ [app. meaning He showed عُجْب, i. e. self-admiration, &c., in his gait: but I do not find this signification assigned to تعجّب]. (TA.) b3: And He affected lying; or lied purposely; syn. تَكَذَّبَ. (A, TA.) 7 انفخت, said of a roof, It became perforated. (O, K.) فَخْتٌ The light of the moon; moonlight: (S, A, O, K:) or the light of the moon when it first appears: and hence [as some say] the derivation of فَاخِتَةٌ [as the name of a certain bird], because of its colour: (Msb: [see, however, what follows:]) you say, جَلَسْنَا فِى الفَخْتِ [as though meaning We sat in the moonlight]: (A 'Obeyd, S, O:) but Sh says, I have not heard الفِخْت except in this instance; and Aboo-Is-hák states that some one of the lexicologists says, I know not whether it be a name of the light of the moon or of its darkness: Abu-l-'Abbás says that the meaning [in the saying above mentioned] is, in the shade of the moon [i. e. in the shade of a moonlight-night; and to this the colour of the فَاخِتَة may be likened]. (TA.) A2: Also The [snare, or trap, &c., called]

فَخّ, (K, TA,) of the sportsman: (TA:) or [a thing] nearly resembling the فَخّ. (O.) A3: and Holes, or perforations, of a round form, in a roof. (O, K.) فَاخِتَةٌ A certain well-known bird; (K;) of those having neck-rings [or collars]; (S, O;) a species of pigeon, marked with a neck-ring: (TA:) accord. to Ibn-El-Jawáleekee, (IB, TA,) the name is derived from الفَخْتُ, (IB, Msb, TA,) meaning “ the light of the moon,” (IB, TA,) or “ the light of the moon when it first appears; ”

because of its colour: (Msb:) [hence, and from what will be found stated voce قُمْرِىٌّ, it seems to be a species of collared turtle-dove, of a dull white colour, marked with a black neck-ring:] or, as some say, the word is a part. n. from فَخَتَتْ signifying as expl. in the first sentence of this art.: (Msb:) the pl. is فَوَاخِتُ. (S, O, Msb.) أَكْذَبُ مِنْ فَاخِتَةٍ [More lying than a fákhiteh] is a prov.; because the cry of the فاختة resembles هٰذَا أَوَانُ الرُّطَبِ [This is the season of the fresh ripe dates]; and this it utters when the spadix of the palmtree has not yet come forth. (Meyd. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 383.])

فقح

1 فَقَحَ: see 2. b2: Said of a plant, It became tall, or full-grown, and blossomed. (K.) A2: فَقَحَ فُلَانًا He, or it, hit, or struck, such a one in his فَقْحَة [q. v.]. (K.) A3: And فَقَحَ الشَّىْءَ, (K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. فَقْحٌ, (TA,) i. q. سَفَّهُ [i. e. He took the thing into his mouth, not moistened,] like as one does medicine: (K, TA:) of the dial. of ElYemen. (TA.) 2 فقّح, (S, K,) inf. n. تَفْقِيحٌ, (S,) He (a whelp) opened his eyes for the first time; (S, K;) as also ↓ فَقَحَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. فَقْحٌ. (TA.) It is said in a trad., فَقَّحْنَا وَصَأْصَأْتُمْ (S, TA) (tropical:) We have opened our eyes for the first time, and ye have kept your eyes closed; (TA;) meaning the truth has become manifest to us, and ye have been blind to it; (AO, A, * TA;) or we have seen our right course, and ye have not seen [yours]. (IB, TA.) And فقّح الشَّجَرُ The trees burst their buds, and made the extremities of their leaves to appear. (L.) 5 تفقّح It opened; syn. تَفَتَّحَ: (K:) it is said in this sense of a rose, (S, A, TA,) and of any flower, or blossom: (TA:) some say that it signifies تفتّح absolutely: others, peculiarly فى الكلام. (Az, as quoted in the L. [See تَفَتَّحَ فِى الكَلَامِ (a well-known phrase) in art. فتح: but فى كلام in the present case appears, from what precedes, to be evidently a mistranscription for فِى الكِمَامِ, i. e., in relation to calyxes.]) 6 تفاقحوا They put [or turned] their backs one towards another; (S, K;) [from فَقْحَةٌ, q. v.;] like as you say تَظَاهَرُوا [and تَدَابَرُوا] and [in the contr. sense] تَقَابَلُوا. (S, TA.) فَقْحَةٌ: see فُقَّاحٌ. b2: Also The anus: (S, K:) because it opens in the case of need: (Ham p.

677:) or a wide, or an ample, anus: (K, MF:) or a wide دُبُر: or a دُبُر with what it comprises: and afterwards, by reason of frequency of usage, applied to signify any دُبُر: (L:) pl. فِقَاحٌ. (S, K.) b3: And The palm of the hand; as also ↓ فَقَاحَةٌ: (K:) of the dial. of El-Yemen: so called because of its width. (TA.) b4: And The napkin (مِنْدِيل) of الإِحْرَام [i. e., which is used by one performing the rites of the حَجّ or of the عُمْرَة]: (K:) of the dial. of El-Yemen. (TA.) فَقَاحَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

فُقَّاحٌ A certain herb, (K, TA,) resembling the أُقْحُوَان [or chamomile] in its growth and its place of growth; n. un. with ة: it is one of the plants growing in the sands; and it is said that its flower is more contracted than that of the chamomile, and that the dust, or earth, sticks to it as it does to the [herb called] حَمَصِيص: (TA:) or the flower of the إِذْخِر [or juncus odoratus]; (S, K, TA;) said by Az to be a sort of perfume, sometimes put into medicine, called فُقَّاحُ الإِذْخِرِ; and it is the flower of the إِذْخِر when its calyx opens: (TA:) or the flower, or blossom, of any plant, (K, TA,) when it opens, whatever be its لَوْن [i. e. colour, or kind]; (TA;) as also ↓ فَقْحَةٌ, (K, TA,) thus with fet-h and sukoon. (TA. [Written by Golius فُقْحَةٌ.]) b2: Also (tropical:) A woman of goodly, or beautiful, make, or form. (Kr, K, TA.) عَلَى فُلَانٍ حُلَّةٌ فُقَّاحِيَّةٌ Upon such a one is a حُلَّةٌ [q. v.] of the colour of the rose when it is about to open. (S.) هُوَ مُتَفَقِّحٌ لِلشَّرِّ (assumed tropical:) He is in a state of preparation for evil, or mischief.

فضخ

1 فَضَخَ, aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. فَضْخٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) He broke a hollow thing [or the like], (Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) such as a head, and a melon; (A, TA,) syn. كَسَرَ: (Msb. K, TA;) as also ↓ افتضخ: (K, TA:) he broke, or crushed, syn. شَدَخَ, (S, K, TA,) a person's head, (S, TA,) and a fresh ripe date, and the like; (TA,) as also ↓ افتضخ: (K, TA:) or he struck a person's head [and wounded it] so that the brains came forth: (Msb:) and [particularly] he crushed (شَدَخَ) fullgrown unripe dates [to make the beverage called فَضِيخ]; and so ↓ افتضخ: (S:) or البُسْرَ ↓ افتضخ he made, or made for himself, the beverage called نَبِيذ [or فَضِيخ] of the full-grown unripe dates. (A.) b2: And He ruptured, or broke, or rent open, an eye, (Az, K, TA,) and a belly, and any receptacle containing oil or beverage. (Az, TA.) b3: And فَضْخُ المَآءِ signifies The pouring forth of water, (K, TA,) and of the seminal fluid; occurring in the latter sense in a trad. (TA.) b4: and يَفْضَخُ شَارِبَهُ, said of a beverage, (K, TA,) such as is termed فَضِيح, (TA,) means (assumed tropical:) It subdues (يَكْسِرُ) and intoxicates its drinker. (K, TA.) 4 افضخ, said of a raceme, or bunch, (عُنْقُود,) [of dates or the like,] It attained to the time, (L, K,) and became in a fit state, for the crushing of the fruit and (L) for the expressing of the juice. (L, K.) 7 انفضخ [It (a hollow thing or the like, such as a head, and a melon,) became broken, or crushed: (see 1:) or] it (a person's head) was struck [and wounded] so that the brains came forth: (Msb:) and it (a camel's hump) became broken, or crushed. (S, K.) b2: انفضخت It (an eye) became ruptured, broken, or rent open. (L.) And انفضخ It (a full skin) slit, or burst, and let flow its contents. (L.) And the former, It (a قَارُورَة [i. e. flask, or bottle,]) broke, and became empty. (L.) And It (a دَلْو [or leathern bucket]) poured forth the water that was in it: (L, K:) and so انفضجت. (L.) And It (a قَرْحَة [i. e. purulent pustule, or the like,]) opened, (A, L, K,) and discharged its fluid, (L,) or and became wide. (K.) b3: And انفضخ said of a man, He wept much, (K, TA,) and shed copious tears. (TA.) b4: And It (anything) became wide. (L.) 8 إِفْتَضَخَ see 1, in four places.

فَضُوخٌ Beverage that subdues (يَكْسِرُ) and intoxicates its drinker. (L, K.) See the next paragraph.

فَضِيحٌ A beverage (S, A, Mgh, K) of the kind called نَبِيذ (A) prepared from full-grown unripe dates, (S, A, Mgh, K,) crushed, (K,) without its being touched [i. e. boiled or heated in any degree] by fire: (S:) or prepared by putting dried dates into a vessel, and then pouring upon them hot water, which extracts their sweetness, after which the preparation is boiled, and becomes strong: it is like بَاذَق in respect of the legal predicament to which it belongs: but if cooked in the least degree, it is like مُثَلَّث. (KT.) A rájiz says, بَالَ سُهَيْلٌ فِى الفَضِيخِ فَفَسَدْ expl. in art. بول. (L.) Ibn-'Omar, being asked respecting فَضِيخ, said, “It is not فَضِيخ, but ↓ فَضُوخ; ” meaning that it subdues and intoxicates its drinker. (Mgh, * L.) b2: Also Expressed juice of grapes. (L, K.) b3: And Milk mixed with a greater quantity of water, (K, TA,) so that it has become thin, and is white, like ضَيْحٌ and خَضَارٌ &c. (TA.) مِفْضَخَةٌ A stone with which full-grown unripe dates are crushed. (K.) b2: And مَفَاضِخُ [of which it is app. the sing.] signifies Vessels for the beverage called فَضِيخُ, (L, K,) in which it is left to become [fermented and] strong. (L.) b3: and the former signifies also A wide دَلْو [or leathern bucket]. (K.)