بلو

1 بَلَاهُ, (T, S, Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـُ (T, Msb,) inf. n. بَلَآءٌ, (S,) or this is a simple subst., and the inf. n. is بَلْوٌ, (T, Msb,) He (God) tried, proved, or tested, him, (T, S, Msb,) بِخَيْرٍ [by, or with, good], or بِشَّرٍ [by, or with, evil]; (Msb;) for God tries his servant (يَبْلُوهُ) by, or with, a benefit, to test his thankfulness; and by, or with, a calamity, to test his patience; (T;) [wherefore it often means He afflicted him;] as also ↓ ابلاهُ, (T, S, Msb,) inf. n. إِبْلَآءٌ; (T, S; [in both restrieted to good; but in the Msb it seems to be common to good and evil;]) and ↓ ابتلاه: (T, S, M, Msb:) and بَلَوْتُهُ, inf. n. بَلْوٌ (S, M, K) and بَلَآءٌ, (M, K,) [but from what has been said above, it seems that the latter is used only when the agent is God, and that it is properly a simple subst.,] I tried, proved, or tested, him; (S, M, Mgh, * K;) as also ↓ اِبْتَلَيْتُهُ: (M, K:) each of these verbs implying two things; one of which is the learning the state, or condition, of the object, and becoming acquainted with what was unknown of the case thereof; and the other, the manifesting of the goodness or badness thereof; both of these things being sometimes meant, and sometimes only one of them, as when God is the agent, in which case only the latter is meant: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and ↓ التَّبَالِى, also, signifies the act of trying, proving, or testing. (S.) It is said in the Kur [xxi. 36], وَنَبْلُوكُمْ بِالشَّرِ وَالخَيْرِ فِتْنَةً [And we try you by, or with, evil and good, by way of probation]. (TA.) And in the same [ii. 118], ↓ وَإِذَ ابْتَلَى

إِبْرَاهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلَمَاتٍ [And when his Lord tried Abraham by certain words, meaning commands and prohibitions]. (TA.) And you say, ↓ لَا تُبْلِنَا

إِلَّا بِالَّتِى هِىَ أَحْسَنُ [Try Thou not us save by those things that are best]; (T;) from a trad. (TA.) [See also 4 and 8 below.] b2: [Hence,] بَلَوْتُهُ also signifies (tropical:) I smelt it. (T in art. بول, and A and TA.) b3: [And بَلَاهُ He knew it, or became acquainted with it. (See بَالٍ.)] b4: See also 4, in the latter half of the paragraph.

A2: بَلِى, aor. ـَ inf. n. بِلًا, or بِلًى, [in the CK, erroneously, بَلًى,] and بَلَآءٌ, [in the CK, erroneously, بِلاء,] (T, S, M, Msb, K,) the former with kesr and the latter with fet-h, (T, S, Msb,) said of a garment, (T, S, M, &c.,) It was, or became, old, and worn out: (Msb:) belonging to the present art. and to art. بلى. (M.) [The inf. n., used as a subst., signifies Wear; attrition; wear and tear: see an ex. in a hemistich cited near the end of the first paragraph of art. الا, where a dwelling is likened to a garment.] b2: Also said of a plant [as meaning It became old and withered, or wasted]. (K in art. عنث, &c.) b3: And of a corpse, meaning It became consumed by the earth. (Msb.) b4: and of a bone, meaning It became old, and decayed; syn. رَمَّ. (S and K &c. in art. رم.) b5: And of a man's reputation, meaning (assumed tropical:) It became worn out of regard or notice. (TA in art. دثر.) b6: and [hence,] بَلِيَتْ, (M,) or بُلِيَتْ, (K,) She (a camel, M, K, or a mare, or beast of the equine kind, M) was, or became, a بَلَيِّة; i. e., was tied at her dead master's grave (M, K) without food or water (M) until she died (M, K) and wasted away. (M in art. بلى.) 2 بَلَّوَ see 4, in six places, in the latter half of the paragraph.3 لَا أَبَالِيهِ is from البلآء, [inf. n. of بَلَاهُ,] so that it signifies [properly] I shall not, or I do not, care for him, mind him, heed him, or regard him, so as to share with him my trial and his trial: (Ham p. 94:) [and hence,] one says thus, (S, Mgh, Msb,) or مَا أَبَالِيهِ, (M, K,) and لَا أَبَالِىبِهِ, (Mgh, Msb,) or مَا أُبَالِى بِهِ, (MF, TA,) but the verb is more chastely made trans. without the preposition بِ, (A, TA,) inf. n. مُبَالَاةٌ (M, Mgh, Msb, K) and بِلَآءٌ (M, K, TA [in the CK, erroneously, بَلاء]) and بَالَةٌ (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) said by some to be a quasi-inf. n. and by others to be an inf. n., (MF, TA,) [in the T it is said to be a subst., from المُبَالَاةُ,] originally بَالِيَةٌ, like عَافِيَةٌ from عَافَاهُ, (T, S, Mgh, Msb,) and بَالٌ, [which is more strange,] (M, K,) meaning [merely] I shall not, or I do not, care for, mind, heed, or regard, him, or it; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) I shall not be, or I am not, disquieted by him, or it: (Mgh, Msb:) or, as some say, لَا أُبَالِيهِ is formed by transposition from لَا أُبَاوِلُهُ, from البَالُ, i. e. I will not, or I do not, cause him, or it, to move, or occur to, my mind; nor give, or pay, any attention to him, or it: (Z, TA: [and the like is said in the T:]) or the proper [or literal] meaning is, I will not, or I do not, contend with him for superiority in goodness, or excellence, by reason of my little care, or regard, for him: (Mgh:) or it was employed to denote the contending with another for superiority in glory, or excellence, as will be shown by the citation of a verse in the latter portion of this paragraph; and then, in consequence of frequency of usage, came to denote contempt, or mean estimation: (Ham p. 31:) or its original meaning is, I will not, or I do not, strive with him to be first; neglecting him, or leaving him to himself; from تَبَالَى القَوْمُ as explained below; see 6. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., لَا يُبَالِيهِمُ اللّٰهُ بَالَةً, or, accord. to one reading, لَا يُبَالِى بِهِمْ بَالَةً, meaning God will not hold them to be of any value or weight. (TA.) And in another, هٰؤُلآءِ فِى الجَنَّةِ وَلَا أُبَالِى وَهٰؤُلَآءِ فِى النَّارِ وَلَا أُبَالِى, said to mean [These will be in Paradise, and] I shall not disapprove; [and these will be in the fire of Hell,] and I shall not disapprove. (Az, TA.) And one says, لَا أُبَالِى مَا صَنَعْتَ [I shall not, or I do not, care for what thou didst, or hast done]. (IDrd, TA.) And مَا أُبَالِى أَقُمْتَ

أَمْ قَعَدْتَ [I care not whether thou stand or sit]: and مَا أُبَالِى بِقِيَامِكَ وَعَدَمِهِ [I care not for thy standing and thy not doing so]. (Mughnee in art. ا.) And مَا بَالَيْتُ بِهِ (Az, Msb, TA) I did not care for, mind, or regard, him, or it. (TA.) And بَالَى بِالشَّىْءِ [He cared for the thing; or] he was disquieted by the thing. (T.) The verb is sometimes thus used, in an affirmative manner; (Ham p. 94; [and the like is said in the TA;]) though some say that it is not; (Msb;) but it is not unless it occurs with a negative in the former part of the sentence or in the latter part thereof; as when one says, مَا بَالَى بِكَ صَدِيقُكَ وَلٰكِنْ بَالَى

عَبْدُكَ [Thy friend cared not for thee, but thy slave cared]; and as in the saying of Zuheyr, لَقَدْ بَالَيْتُ مَظْعَنَ أُمِّ أَوْفَى

وَلٰكِنْ أُمُّ أَوْفَى لَا تُبَالِى

[Verily I cared for the departure of Umm-Owfà, but Umm-Owfà cares not]. (Ham p. 94.) One says also, لَمْ أُبَالِ and لَمْ أُبَلْ [I did not care, &c.]: (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K: [but in the CK the latter of these is omitted:]) in the latter the ا [of prolongation] is suppressed for the purpose of alleviating the utterance, like as ى is suppressed in the inf. n. [or quasi-inf. n.] بَالَةٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) originally بَالِيَةٌ, (S, Msb,) and in لَا أَدْرِ: (S:) or the ا is suppressed in this case to avoid the concurrence of two quiescent letters; (Kh, Sb, M, IB;) not for the purpose of alleviating the utterance; (IB, TA;) for this is done because the ل is made quiescent. (Kh, Sb, M.) And, accord. to Kh, (Sb, M,) some of the Arabs say, لَمْ أُبَلِهِ [I did not care for him, or it], (Sb, M,) or لَمْ أُبَلِ, [in the CK, erroneously, لم اَبْلِ,] with kesr to the ل; (K, TA;) [for لم أُبَالِهِ, or لم أُبَالِ;] only suppressing the ا, as they do in عُلَبِطٌ [ for عُلَابِطٌ]. (Sb, S, M.) b2: IAar says that بَالَى, inf. n. مُبَالَاةٌ, is like ↓ أَبْلَى meaning He exerted himself in a description of a war, or battle, or of generous conduct; as when one says, أَبْلَى ذٰلِكَ اليَوْمَ بَلَآءً حَسَنًا [He exerted himself well, that day, in a description of war, &c.]: and he cites the following verse [to which reference has been made above]: وَأَنْتَ قَدْمَتَّ مِنَ الهُزَالِ [What hath happened to me that I see thee standing exerting thyself in a description of generous qualities, when thou hast become like one dead by reason of leanness?]: he says that he [the poet] heard him [whom he thus addresses] saying, “We have eaten and we have drunk [with guests], and we have done [such and such things]; ” enumerating, or recounting, generous qualities or actions, and lying in doing so: (T, TA:) in another place he says that تُبَالِى means looking to see which of them [or of thee and others] is best in بال [i. e. state, or condition], while thou art dying: (TA:) he says, also, that بَالَاهُ, inf. n. مُبَالَاةٌ, signifies he contended with him for superiority in glory, or excellence; (T, TA; *) and [it is said that] تبالى in the verse here cited means thus contending; syn. تُفَاخِرُ: (Ham p. 31:) and accord. to IAar, بَالَاهُ also signifies he contended with him in contradiction. (T, TA.) 4 ابلاهُ, inf. n. إِبْلَآءٌ: see 1, in two places. b2: [Hence,] ابلاهُ اللّٰهُ إِبْلَآءً حَسَنًا, (T,) or بَلَآءَ حَسَنًا, (S,) God did to him a good deed. (T.) [and hence,] it is said in the Kur [viii. 17], وَلِيُبْلِىَ المُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْهُ بَلَآءً حَسَنُا (TA) And that He might confer upon the believers a great benefit, or favour, or blessing: (Bd:) or a good gift; meaning spoil. (Jel.) And أَبْلَيْتُهُ مَعْرُوفًا [I conferred upon him a favour, or benefit]. (S.) Zuheyr says, جَزَى اللّٰهُ بِا لإِحْسَانِ مَا فَعَلَا بِكُمْ وَأَبْلَاهُمَا خَيْرَ البَلَآءِ الَّذِى يَبْلُو (T, * S,) meaning, الذى يَبْلُو بِهِ عِبَادَهُ, (T,) or الذى يَخْتَبِرُ بِهِ عِبَادَ, (S,) i. e. [May God recompense with beneficence what they two have done to you,] and do to them two the best of the deeds wherewith He tries [the thankfulness of] his servants. (T.) b3: ابلاهُ also signifies He made him to swear; [as though he tried his veracity by so doing;] (M, K;) or so ابلاهُ يَمِينًا. (TA.) [See also 8.] b4: And He swore to him: (M, K:) or this, (TA,) or ابلاهُ يَمِينًا, [as above,] (T, S,) he swore [or swore an oath] to him, and thereby soothed, or placated, his mind. (T, S, * TA.) b5: And hence, (TA,) He informed him, acquainted him, or told him. (IAar, M, K, TA.) b6: [and hence, He manifested it; revealed it; made it manifest, apparent, evident, clear, or plain; whence a phrase in a verse cited voce مُضْمَرٌ; and the phrase] مَا لَمْ يُبْلِ العُذْرَ, i. e. As long as he does not manifest, show, or make apparent, the excuse: but the verb [in this sense] is originally doubly trans.: one says, أَبْلَيْتُ فُلَانًا عُذْرًا, meaning I manifested to such a one an excuse so that I was not to be blamed after it; properly signifying I made such a one to be acquainted with my excuse, and to know the manner thereof; (Mgh;) and thus it is explained in the A: (TA: [in like manner, also, it is explained in the T:]) [or]

ابلاهُ عُذْرًا signifies He gave him an excuse which he accepted: (M, K:) and in like manner, ابلاهُ جُهْدَهُ [He gave him his endeavour, or energy, in an acceptable manner]; and نَائِلَهُ [his gift]. (M.) Hence, ابلى عُذْرَهُ signifies also He strove, laboured, or exerted himself, [and thus manifested his excuse,] in work. (Mgh.) And hence, ابلى فِى الحَرْبِ He manifested, or showed, his might, valour, or prowess, in war, or fight, [and he strove, laboured, or exerted himself, therein, (عُذْرَهُ being understood,)] so that men proved him and knew him. (Mgh.) See also 3, where another explanation of ابلى is given, in the latter portion of the paragraph.

A2: ابلى الثَّوْبَ [He wore out the garment;] trans. of بَلِىَ; (T, S, M, K;) as also ↓ بَلَّاهُ; (M, K;) belonging to the present art. and to art. بلى. (M.) One says to the مُجِدّ [i. e. him who makes, or puts on, a new garment], أَبْلِ وَ يُخْلِفُ اللّٰهُ [Wear out thy garment, and God will replace it with another; or, may God replace &c.]. (S.) And أَبْلِ وَ أَجِدَّ وَاحْمِدَ الكَاسِى Wear out, and make new, [or put on new,] and praise the Clother [meaning God]. (S in art. جد.) b2: [Hence,] السَّفَرُ ↓ بَلَّاهُ [Journeying, or travel, wore him, or wasted him]; namely, a man; (M, K; but in the copies of the latter, ↓ بَلَاهُ [which I think an evident mistranscription];) as also عَلَيْهِ ↓ بلّى; and ابلاهُ: (M:) and so الهَمُّ [anxiety], (M, K,) and the like, (M,) and التَّجَارِبُ [tryings, or trying events]: (K:) and ابلاها السَّفَرُ (T, S) or ↓ بلّاها (thus in a copy of the S) [journeying, or travel, wore her, or wasted her]; namely, a she-camel. (T, S.) El-'Ajjáj says, وَالمَرْءُ يُبْلِيهِ بَلَآءَ السِّرْبَالْ كَرُّاللَّيالِى وَاخْتِلَافُ الأَحْوَالُ [And man, the returning of the nights time after time, and the alternation of states of being, wear him out as the wearing out of the shirt]: (S, M: *) he means, إِبْلَآءَ السِرْبَال, or فَبَلِىَ بَلَآءَ السِّرْبَال. (M.) And Ibn-Ahmar says, لَبِسْتُ أَبِى حَتَّى تَمَلَّيْتُ عُمْرَهُ وَبَلَّيْتُ أَعْمَامِى وَ بَلَّيْتُ خَالِيَا he means I lived the period that my father lived [so that I had long enjoyment of his life, and I outwore my paternal uncles, and I outwore my maternal uncle]: or, as some say, I lived with my father for the length of his life &c. (M, TA. * [In the latter, ↓ تَبَلَّيْتُ is put in the place of تَمَلَّيْتُ; and hence it is there said that تَبَلَّاهُ is like بَلَّاهُ: but I think that تبلّيت is a mistranscription.]) b3: أَبْلَيْتُ and ↓ بَلَّيْتُ also signify I bound the foreshank of a she-camel to her arm at the grave of her [dead] master, and left her without food or water until she died; or I dug for her a pit, and left her in it until she died. (S, TA. [See بَلِيَّةٌ, and مُبَلًّى.]) 5 تَبَلَّوَ see 4, near the end of the paragraph.6 التَّبَالِى [inf. n. of تَبَالَى]: see 1.

A2: تبالى القَوْمُ The people, or company of men, vied, or strove, one with another, in hastening to a little water, and drew from it. (Msb.) 8 ابتلاهُ: see 1, in three places. [Hence, اُبْتِلِىَ بِكَذَا (vulg. اِبْتَلَى) He was tried, proved, or tested, by, or with, such a thing; generally meaning he was afflicted thereby, or therewith; as, for instance, by, or with, a disease.] b2: Also He asked, or sought, or desired, of him information, or news, or tidings. (M, K.) And ابتلى signifies also He conjured, or adjured, and asked if any had knowledge; syn. اِسْتَحْلَفَ and اِسْتَعْرَفَ [explained by what here follows]. (M, K, TA. [In the CK, both the verb and the explanation are here wrong: the former is written اُبْلِىَ; and the latter, اسْتُحْلِفَ و اسْتُعْرِفَ.]) A poet says, تَبَغَّى أَبَاهَا فِى الرِّفَاقِ وَ تَبْتَلِى

وَ أَوْدَي بِهِ فِى لُجَّةِ البَحْرِ تَمْسَحُ [She seeks for her father among the travellingcompanions, and conjures, or adjures, and asks. if any have knowledge, when a crocodile has destroyed him in the depth of the great river: تَبَغَّى is for تَتَبَغَّى]: he means that she says to them, “I conjure you, or adjure you, by God, (نَاشَدْتُكُمْ اللّٰهَ,) [tell me,] do ye know any tidings of my father? ” (M, TA.) But Aboo-Sa'eed says that تتبلى here means tries, proves, or tests; and that الاِبْتِلَآءُ signifies the trying, proving, or testing, whether by an oath or otherwise. (TA.) b3: [Also He desired it; he sought it.] It is said in a trad., النَّذْرُ مَا ابْتُلِىَ بِهِ وَجْهُ اللّٰهُ, i. e. [The vow that a man makes to be binding, or obligatory, on himself is that whereby the recompense of God] is desired, or sought. (TA.) b4: And He chose him, made choice of him, or elected him. (Sh and T, from a trad.) 12 اِبْلَوْلَى It (herbage) became tall, so that the camels were able to avail themselves of it. (K.) بِلْوُ سَفَرٍ, (T, S, M, A,) with kesr to the ب, (S,) and بِلْىُ سَفَرٍ, (S, A,) Worn, or wasted, by journeying, or travel; applied to a she-camel, (T, S, M, A,) and in like manner to a man, and to a he-camel: (M:) and بِلْىُ أَسْفَارٍ (M, K) and بِلْوُ

أَسْفَارٍ, (K, TA,) with kesr to the ب in both, (TA, [in the CK written with fet-h,]) a man worn, or wasted, by journeyings, or travels, and anxiety, (M, K, *) and the like, (M,) and tryings, or trying events: (K:) pl. أَبْلَآءٌ. (S, M.) And بِلْوٌ شَرٍّ and بِلْىُ شَرٍّ [both written in the CK with fet-h to the ب] A man having strength, or power, to endure evil; tried, proved, or tested, thereby: (M, K:) and in like manner, بِلْوُ خَيْرٍ and بِلْىُ خَيْرٍ

[tried, &c., by good, or prosperity]. (TA.) and إِنَّهُ لِبَلْوٌ مِنْ أَبْلَآءِ المَالِ and بِلْىٌ [both written in the CK with fet-h to the ب as before] Verily he is one of those who manage, or tend, camels, or the like, well. (M, * K, * TA.) The ى in بِلْى, in all these instances, is originally و, changed into ى because of the kesreh, and the weakness of the intervening letter, ل; as is the case in عِلَْيَةٌ: so says IJ. (M.) بَلَى: see art. بلى.

بِلْوَةٌ: see what next follows.

بِلْيَةٌ: see what next follows.

بَلْوَي: see what next follows.

بَلَآءٌ (T, S, Msb) and ↓ بَلْوَى (T, S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ بَلِيَّةٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ بِلْوَةٌ, (S, M, K,) with kesr, (S, K,) and ↓ بِلْيَةٌ, (so in a copy of the S, beside the third,) thus in the handwriting of Aboo-Zekereeyà, in the place of the third, (TA,) substs. (T, M, Msb, K) from بَلَاهُ اللّٰهُ, (T, Msb,) or from اِبْتَلَاهُ اللّٰهُ, [which is the same in meaning,] (M,) or from بَلَوْتُهُ, (K,) are one [in their signification; which is A trial, as meaning a probation, or a test; and as meaning particularly a trouble or an affliction of any kind by which one's patience or any other grace or virtue is tried, proved, or tested]; (S;) and the pl. (S, TA) of ↓ بَلِيَّةٌ (TA) is بَلَايَا, of the measure فَعَائِلُ changed to فَعَالَى: (S, TA:) [or] بَلَآءٌ is [properly, or originally,] an inf. n., (S, M, K,) and signifies the act of trying, proving, or testing, by, or with, good, and by, or with, evil: (S, M:) it is evil and good: (T, M: *) a trial, or an affliction, (T, K,) which is its original meaning; (T;) and a [probationary] benefit, favour, or blessing, (T,) or a [probationary] gift; (K;) the former of these requiring patience, and the latter being the greater of the two [as being commonly the more dangerous to the soul]; (TA;) [but the latter meaning is generally indicated only by the addition of an epithet: thus] بَلَآءٌ حَسَنٌ means a great benefit, or favour, or blessing, of God; (Bd in viii. 17;) or a good gift of God: (Jel ibid.:) بَلَآءٌ also means grief; as though it tried the body: (Er-Rághib, K:) and the imposition of a difficult, or troublesome, thing; a requirement; an exaction; because it is difficult, or distressing, to the body; or because it is trying. (K.) بَلَآءِ (like قَطَامِ, S, K) is syn. with البَلَآءُ: (S, M, K:) occurring in the saying, نَزَلَتْ بَلَآءِ عَلَى الكُفَّارِ [Trial, or affliction, befell the unbelievers]: (S, M, * K: *) mentioned by El-Ahmar, as heard by him from the Arabs. (S.) بِلَآءٌ, like كِتَابٌ in form, [is an inf. n. of 3, q. v.: A2: and also signifies] Anxiety respecting which one talks to himself, or soliloquizes. (Msb. [Compare a meaning of بَلَآءٌ, above.]) بَلِىٌّ: see the paragraph next following; last sentence.

بَلِيَّةٌ: see بَلَآءٌ, in two places.

A2: Also A she-camel that has her fore shank bound to her arm at the grave of her master, and is left without food until she dies: (T:) or a she-camel, (M in arts. بلو and بلى, and K,) or a mare, or beast of the equine kind, (M in art. بلو,) that is bound at the grave of her master, (M, K,) he being dead, and is left without food or water (M) until she dies (M, K) and wastes away; for they used to say that her master would be raised from the dead upon her: (M:) or a she-camel which, in the Time of Ignorance, had her fore shank bound to her arm at the grave of her master, and was left without food or water until she died: or for which was dug a pit, wherein she was left until she died: for they used to assert that men would be raised from the dead riding upon the بَلَايَا, [pl. of بَلِيَّةٌ in the sense above explained, (T, TA,)] or walking if their beasts whereon they rode were not bound, with the head turned backwards, at their graves: (S:) or a cow, or she-camel, or sheep, or goat, which, in the Time of Ignorance, they used to hamstring, or slaughter, at the grave: so in a trad. (TA.) Suh says that this custom proves that, in the Time of Ignorance, they held the doctrine of the resurrection of the body: but they who held it were the fewer number. (TA.) It is said that بَلِيَّةٌ is originally ↓ مُبْلَاةٌ or ↓ مُبَلَّاةٌ. (TA.) Et-Tirimmáh says, مَنَازِلُ لَا تَرَى الأَنْصَابَ فِيهَا وَلَا حُفَرَ المُبَلَّى لِلْمَنُونِ [Places of abode in which thou wilt not see the stones, or other things, that have been set up to be worshipped, nor the pits of the beast left by the grave of the master to die]; meaning places of abode of the people of El-Islám, exclusively of the pagans. (S.) IAar says that ↓ بَلِىٌّ and بَلِيَّةٌ signify Such as is wearied, or jaded, and emaciated, and dying. (TA.) بَالٍ [act. part. n. of بَلَاهُ; Trying, proving, or testing. b2: And hence,] Knowing, or being acquainted [with a thing]; as in the phrase, جَعَلْتُهُ بَالِيًا بِعُذْرِى I made him to be acquainted with my excuse, and to know the manner thereof. (Mgh.) A2: Also Old, and wearing out [or worn out]; applied to a garment. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] بَالِيَاتٌ is used as meaning The places of tents. (Ham p. 492.) مُبْلَاةٌ, fem. of مُبَلًى: see بَلِيَّةٌ.

مُبْلًّى, and its fem. مُبَلَّاةٌ: see بَلِيَّةٌ.

مُبَلِّيَاتُ Women that stand around a man's riding-camel [which they bind, or place in a pit, by his grave, to die of hunger and thirst,] when he has died or been slain, wailing for him. (T, S. *) You say, قَامَتْ مُبَلِّيَاتُ فُلَانٍ يَنُحْنَ عَلَيْهِ [The women that bound, or placed, the بَلِيَّة by the grave of such a one stood around it wailing for him]. (T, S.)

عصفر

Q. 1 عَصْفَرَ He dyed a garment, or piece of cloth, with عُصْفُر. (S, O, Msb, K.) Q. 2 تَعَصْفَرَ It (a garment, or piece of cloth,) became dyed with عُصْفُر. (S, O, K.) عُصْفُرٌ [Safflower, or bastard saffron; i. e., cnicus, or carthamus tinctorius;] a certain dye, (S, O,) or plant, (Msb, K,) well known, (O, Msb,) with which one dyes, (M,) the first juice (سُلَافَة) of which is called جِرْيَال, (TA,) and one of the properties of which is that it causes tough meat to become thoroughly cooked, so as to fall off from the bone, (K, * TA,) when somewhat thereof is thrown into it: (TA:) its seed is called قُرْطُمٌ: (K:) there are two kinds of it; one of the cultivated land, and one of the desert; and both grow in the country of the Arabs: (M, TA:) it is an Arabicized word. (Az, TA.) عُصْفُورٌ (S, O, Msb, K, &c.) and عَصْفُورٌ, (Ibn-Rasheek, MF,) but the latter is not an approved form, because there is no chaste word of the measure فَعْلُولٌ, (MF, TA,) [The sparrow;] a certain bird, (S, O, K,) well known; (Msb:) accord. to AHát, the same that is called the نَقَّار; the male black in the head and neck, the rest of it inclining to ash-colour, with a redness in the wings; the female inclining to yellowness and whiteness: (O:) the word is masc.: (TA:) fem. with ة: (S, O, K:) pl. عَصَافِيرُ. (Msb.) Accord. to Hamzeh, it is so called because it was disobedient, and fled, عَصَى وَفَرَّ. (MF, TA.) [This, I believe, is said to have been the case when the beasts and birds &c. were summoned before Adam, to be named by him. See the Kur ii. 29-31.] b2: [It is also applied to Any passerine bird. and hence,] عُصْفُورُ الجَنَّةِ [The passerine bird of Paradise; meaning] the swallow; syn. الخُطَّافُ. (ISd in TA art. خطف, and IB in TA art. وط.) b3: [Also, sometimes, Any small bird.] b4: طَارَتْ عَصَافِيرُ رَأْسِهِ [lit., The sparrows of his head flew;] is a prov., meaning (tropical:) he became frightened; as though there were sparrows upon his head when he was still, and they flew away when he was frightened: (Meyd:) [or he became light, or inconstant: or he became angry: like طَارَ طَائِرُهُ: (see طَائِرٌ:)] or he became aged. (TA.) b5: نَقَّتْ عَصَافِيرُ بَطْنِهِ [lit. The sparrows of his belly cried], (K,) like نَقَّتْ ضَفَادِعُ بِطْنِهِ, alluding to the intestines, is also a prov., (TA,) meaning (tropical:) he was, or became, hungry. (K, TA.) In like manner also one says, لَا تَأْكُلْ حَتَّى تَطِيرَ عَصَافِيرُ بَطْنِكَ, meaning (tropical:) Eat thou not until thou be hungry. (TA.) A2: أَصَافِيرُ المُنْذِرِ is an appellation of (assumed tropical:) Certain excellent camels, that belonged to kings: (S, O, K:) or certain excellent camels that belonged to En-Noamán Ibn-El-Mundhir were called أَصَافِيرُ النُّعْمَانِ. (T, TA.) A3: العُصْفُورُ also signifies The male locust. (O, K.) A4: And The chief, or lord. (IAar, O, K.) b2: And The king. (K.) A5: Also A portion, (S, O,) or small portion, (K,) of the brain, (S, O, K,) beneath the فَرْخ of the brain, (TA,) as though separated therefrom: (S, O, TA:) between the two is a pellicle. (S, O, K.) b2: and A certain vein in the heart. (IF, O.) b3: and A prominent bone in the temple of the horse, (S, O, K,) on the right and on the left; both being called عُصْفُورَانِ. (S, O.) b4: And The place whence grows the forelock [app. of the horse]. (M, K.) b5: And A narrow blaze extending downwards from the blaze on the forehead of the horse, not reaching to the muzzle. (O, K.) b6: The عَصَافِير of a camel's hump see expl. voce عُرْصُوفٌ.

A6: and عُصْفُورٌ signifies also A piece of wood in the [kind of camel-vehicle called] هَوْدَج, uniting the extremities of certain [other] pieces of wood therein; [perhaps what unites the outer extremities of two long pieces of wood which project horizontally from the lower part of the هودج, from the two extremities of either side;] (K;) having the form of the [kind of saddle called] إِكَاف: (L:) or the pieces of wood which are in the [kind of camel's saddle called] رَحْل, by which the heads of the [curved pieces of wood called the] أَحْنَآء are fastened [together]: (K:) and the wood by which are fastened the heads of the [kind of saddle called] قَتَب: (K:) the pl. is عَصَافِيرُ: or the عصافير of the قتب are its عَرَاصِيف, from which عصافير is formed by transposition; and they are four pins of wood which are put between [or rather which unite or conjoin] the heads of the احنآء of the قتب; in each حِنْو are two of these pins, fastened with sinews or with camel's skin; and in it [or appertaining to the same part] are the ظَلِفَات: (S, O:) or the nails which unite the head of the قتب: (IDrd:) or the عُصْفُور of the [kind of saddle called] إِكَاف is its عُرْصُوف, from which latter word the former is formed by transposition; and it is a piece of wood fastened between [or rather uniting or conjoining] the anterior حِنْوَانِ. (S, O.) In a trad. it is said that it it is unlawful to cut or shake off aught from the trees of El-Medeeneh, except for the عصفور of a قتب, or to supply a sheave of a pulley, or for the handle of an iron implement. (S.) b2: Also A nail of a ship. (O, K.)

الرُّومُ:
جيل معروف في بلاد واسعة تضاف إليهم فيقال بلاد الروم، واختلفوا في أصل نسبهم فقال قوم: إنّهم من ولد روم بن سماحيق بن هرينان بن علقان بن العيص بن إسحاق بن إبراهيم، عليه السلام، وقال آخرون: إنّهم من ولد روميل ابن الــأصفر بن اليفز بن العيص بن إسحاق، قال عدي ابن زيد العبّادي:
وبنو الــأصفر الكرام ملوك ال ... رّوم لم يبق منهم مذكور
وقال ابن الكلبي: ولد لإسحاق بن إبراهيم الخليل، عليهما السلام، يعقوب، وهو إسرائيل، عليه السلام، والعيص، وهو عيصو وهو أكبرهم، وقد ولدا توأمين وإنّما سمّي يعقوب لأنّه خرج من بطن أمّه آخذا بعقب العيص، فولد العيص روم القسطنطينية وملوك الروم، وقال آخرون: سمّي يعقوب لأنّه هو والعيص وقت الولادة تخاصما في الولادة فكلّ أراد الخروج قبل صاحبه وكان إسحاق، عليه السلام، حاضرا وقت الولادة فقال اعقب يا يعقوب، فأمّا الذين هم الروم فهم بنو رومي ابن بزنطي بن يونان بن يافث بن نوح، عليه السلام، وقال أهل الكتاب: إنّما سمّي عيصو بهذا الاسم لأنّه عصى في بطن أمّه وذاك أنّه غلب على الخروج قبله مثل ما ذكرناه وخرج يعقوب على أثره آخذا بعقبه فلذلك سمّي يعقوب، قالوا: وتزوّج عيصو بسمة بنت إسماعيل وكان رجلا أشقر فولدت له الروم، قال الأزهري: الروم جيل ينتمون إلى عيصو بن إسحاق بن إبراهيم، عليهم السلام، وقال الجوهري:
الروم من ولد روم بن عيص، يقال: روميّ وروم كما يقال زنجيّ وزنج، فليس بين الواحد والجمع إلّا الياء المشددة كما قالوا تمرة وتمر فلم يكن بين الواحد والجمع إلّا الهاء، وقال ابن الكلبي عن أبي يعقوب التّدمري: إنّما سميت الروم لأنّهم كانوا سبعة راموا فتح دمشق ففتحوها وقتلوا أهلها وكان سكانها سكرة للعازر بن نمرود بن كوش بن حام بن نوح،
عليه السلام، والسّكرة الفعلة، واسم السبعة:
لوطان وشوبال وصيفون وغاود وبشور وآصر وريضان، ثمّ جعلوا يتقدمون حتى انتهوا إلى أنطاكية ثمّ جاءت بنو العيص فأجلوهم عمّا افتتحوا وسكنوه حتى انتهوا إلى القسطنطينيّة فسكونها فسموا الروم بما راموا من فتح هذه الكور، وبنى القسطنطينيّة ملك من بني العيص يقال له بزنطي، ويقال:
سميت الروم بروم بن بزنطي، وعندي أنّهم إنّما سمّوا بني الــأصفر لشقرتهم لأن الشقرة إذا أفرطت صارت صفرة صافية، وقيل: إن عيصو كان أصفر لمرض كان ملازما له، وقال جرير بن الخطفى الشاعر اليربوعي يفتخر على اليمن بالفرس والروم ويقول إنّهم من ولد إسحاق:
وأبناء إسحاق اللّيوث إذا ارتدوا ... حمائل موت لابسين السّنورا
إذا افتخروا عدّوا الصبهبذ منهم ... وكسرى وعدّوا الهرمزان وقيصرا
وكان كتاب فيهم ونبوّة، ... وكانوا بإصطخر الملوك وتسترا
أبونا أبو إسحاق يجمع بيننا، ... وقد كان مهديّا نبيّا مطهّرا
ويعقوب منّا، زاده الله حكمة، ... وكان ابن يعقوب أمينا مصوّرا
فيجمعنا والغرّ أبناء سارة ... أب لا نبالي بعده من تعذّرا
أبونا خليل الله، والله ربّنا، ... رضينا بما أعطى الإله وقدّرا
بنى قبلة الله التي يهتدى بها، ... فأورثنا عزّا وملكا معمّرا
وأمّا حدود الروم فمشارقهم وشمالهم الترك والخزر ورسّ، وهم الروس، وجنوبهم الشام والإسكندرية ومغاربهم البحر والأندلس، وكانت الرّقّة والشامات كلّها تعدّ في حدود الروم أيّام الأكاسرة، وكانت دار الملك أنطاكية إلى أن نفاهم المسلمون إلى أقصى بلادهم، قال أحمد بن محمد الهمذاني: وجميع أعمال الروم التي تعرف وتسمى وتأتينا أخبارها على الصحة أربعة عشر عملا، منها ثلاثة خلف الخليج وأحد عشر دونه، فالأوّل من الثلاثة التي خلف الخليج يسمّى طلايا وهو بلد القسطنطينيّة، وحدّه من جهة المشرق الخليج الآخذ من بحر الخزر إلى بحر الشام، ومن القبلة بحر الشام، ومن المغرب سور ممدود من بحر الشام إلى بحر الخزر ويسمّى مقرن تيخس، وتفسيره السور الطويل، وطوله مسيرة أربعة أيّام، وهو من القسطنطينيّة على مسيرة مرحلتين، وأكثر هذا البلد ضياع للملك والبطارقة ومروج لمواشيهم ودوابّهم، وفي أخبار بلاد الروم أسماء عجزت عن تحقيقها وضبطها فليعذر الناظر في كتابي هذا، ومن كان عنده أهلية ومعرفة وقتل شيئا منها علما فقد أذنت له في إصلاحه مأجورا، ومن وراء هذا العمل عمل تراقية، وحدّه من وجه المشرق هذا السور الطويل، ومن القبلة عمل مقدونية، ومن المغرب بلاد برجان مسيرة خمسة عشر يوما، وعرضه من بحر الخزر إلى حدّ عمل مقدونية مسيرة ثلاثة أيّام، ومنزل الاصطرطغوس الوالي حصن يسمى أرقدة على سبع مراحل من القسطنطينيّة، وجنده خمسة آلاف، ثمّ عمل مقدونية، وحدّه من المشرق السور الطويل، ومن القبلة بحر الشام، ومن المغرب بلاد الصقالبة، ومن ظهر القبلة بلاد برجان، وعرضه مسيرة خمسة أيّام، ومنزل الاصطرطغوس، يعني
الوالي، حصن يسمى بابدس، وجنده خمسة آلاف، فهذه الثلاثة بلدان التي خلف الخليج ومن دون الخليج أحد عشر عملا، فأوّلها ممّا يلي بحر الخزر إلى خليج القسطنطينيّة عمل أفلاجونية، وأوّل حدوده على الانطماط والثاني بحر الخزر والثالث على الأرمنياق والرابع على البقلار، ومنزل الاصطرطغوس ايلاي، وهو رستاق وقرية تدعى نيقوس، وله منزل آخر يسمّى سواس، وجنده خمسة آلاف، وإلى جانبه عمل الانطماط، وحده الأوّل الخليج، وجنده أربعة آلاف، وأهل هذا العمل مخصوصون بخدمة الملك وليسوا بأهل حرب، وإلى جانبه عمل الأبسيق، وحده الأول الخليج والثاني الانطماط والثالث عمل الناطلقوس والرابع عمل ترقسيس، ومنزل الاصطرطغوس حصن بطنة، وجنده ستة آلاف، وإلى جانبه عمل ترقسيس، وحده الأوّل الخليج والثاني الابسيق والثالث عمل الناطلقوس والرابع بحر الشام، ومنزل الاصطرطغوس في حصن الوارثون، واسمه قانيوس، والوارثون: اسم البلد، وجنده عشرة آلاف، وإلى جانبه عمل الناطلقوس وتفسيره المشرق، وهو أكبر أعمال الروم، وحدّه الأوّل الأبسيق والترقسيس والثاني عمل البقلار، ومنزل الاصطرطغوس مرج الشحم، وجنده خمسة عشر ألفا ومعه ثلاثة طرموخين، وفي هذا العمل عمّورية، وهي الآن خراب، وبليس ومنبج ومرعش، وهو حصن برغوث، وإلى جانبه من ناحية البحر عمل سلوقية، وحده الأوّل بحر الشام والثاني عمل ترقسيس والثالث عمل الناطلقوس والرابع دروب طرسوس من ناحية قلمية واللامس، واسم صاحب هذا العمل كيليرج، ومرتبته دون مرتبة الاصطرطغوس، وتفسيره صاحب الدروب، وقيل: تفسيره وجه الملك، ومنزله سلوقية إلى أنطاكية ثمّ يتصل به عمل القباذق، وحده الأوّل جبال طرسوس وأذنة والمصيصة والثاني عمل سلوقية والثالث عمل طلغوس والرابع عمل السملار وخرشنة، ومنزل الكيليرج حصن قره، وجنده أربعة آلاف، وفيه حصون كثيرة قويّة، ومن بلاده قورية أو قونية وملقونية وجرديلية وغير ذلك، ويتصل به عمل خرشنة، وحده الأوّل عمل القيار والثاني درب ملطية والثالث عمل الارمنياق والرابع عمل البقلار، ومنزل الكيليرج حصن خرشنة، وجنده أربعة آلاف، وفيه من الحصون خرشنة وصارخة ورمحسو وباروقطة وماكثيرى ثمّ يتصل به عمل البقلار، وحده الأوّل عمل الناطلقوس والثاني القباذق وخرشنة والثالث عمل الارمنياق والرابع عمل أفلاجونية، ومنزل الاصطرطغوس أنقرة التي بها قبر امرئ القيس، وقد ذكر في موضعه، وجندها ثمانية آلاف، ومع صاحبها طرموخان، وفيه حصون وعدّة بلاد ثمّ يتصل به عمل الأرمنياق، وحده الأوّل عمل أفلاجونية والثاني عمل البقلار والثالث خرشنة والرابع جلدية وبحر الخزر، ومنزل الاصطرطغوس حصن أماسية، وجنده تسعة آلاف ومعه ثلاثة طرموخين، وفيه عدّة بلاد وحصون ثمّ يتصل به عمل جلدية، وحدّه الأوّل بلاد أرمينية، وأهله مخالفون للروم متاخمون لأرمينية، والثاني بحر الخزر والثالث عمل الارمنياق والرابع أيضا عمل الارمنياق، ومنزل الاصطرطغوس اقريطة، وجنده عشرة آلاف ومعه طرموخان، وفيه بلاد وحصون، قال الهمذاني: فهذه جميع أعمال الروم المعلومة لنا في البرّ على كلّ عمل منها وال من قبل الملك الذي يسمى الاصطرطغوس إلّا صاحب الأنماط فإنّه يسمى الدمستق، وصاحب سلوقية وصاحب خرشنة فإن
كلّ واحد منهما يسمّى الكيليرج، وعلى كل حصن من حصون الروم رجل ثابت فيه يسمّى برقليس يحكم بين أهله، قلت أنا: وهذا فيما أحسب رسوم وأسماء كانت قديما ولا أظنّها باقية الآن وقد تغيرت أسماء البلاد وأسماء تلك القواعد، فإن الذي نعرف اليوم من بلاد الروم المشهورة في أيدي المسلمين والنصارى لم يذكر منها شيء مثل قونية وأقصرى وأنطاكية وأطرابزندة وسيواس إلى غير ذلك من مشهور بلادهم، وإنّما ذكرت كما ذكر، والله أعلم، وقال بعض الجلساء: سمعت المعتز بالله يقول لأحمد ابن إسرائيل: يا أحمد كم خراج الروم؟ فقال: يا أمير المؤمنين خرجنا مع جدك المعتصم في غزاته فلمّا توسط بلد الروم صار إلينا بسيل الخرشني وكان على خراج الروم فسأله محمد بن عبد الملك عن مبلغ خراج بلدهم فقال خمسمائة قنطار وكذا وكذا قنطارا، فقال: حسبنا ذلك فإذا هو أقل من ثلاثة آلاف ألف دينار، فقال المعتصم: اكتب إلى ملك الروم أني سألت صاحبك عن خراج أرضك فذكر أنّه كذا وكذا وأخسّ ناحية في مملكتي خراجها أكثر من خراج أرضك فكيف تنابذني وهذا خراج أرضك! قال: فضحك المعتز وقال: من يلومني على حبّ أحمد بن إسرائيل؟ ما سألته عن شيء إلّا أجابني بقصته، وينسب إلى الروم وصيف بن عبد الله الرومي أبو عليّ الحافظ الأنطاكي الأشروسني، قال الحافظ أبو القاسم: قدم دمشق وحدث بها عن أبي يعقوب إسحاق بن العنبر الفارسي وعليّ بن سرّاج وسهل بن صالح وأحمد بن حرب الموصلي ومحفوظ بن بحر وأبي عليّ الحسن بن عبد الرحمن الجروي وسليمان بن عبد الله بن محمد ومحمد بن عبد الله القردواني الحرّاني وعبد الله بن محمد بن سعيد الحراني ومحمد بن عليّ الأفطح وعبد الحميد بن محمد بن المستام وإبراهيم ابن محمد بن إسحاق وعليّ بن بكار المصيصي، روى عنه أبو زرعة وأبو بكر ابنا أبي دجانة وأبو عليّ بن آدم الفزاري وأبو محمد الحسن بن سليمان بن داود بن بنوس البعلبكّي وأبو عليّ الحسن بن منير التنوخي وأبو عبد الله بن مروان وأبو أحمد بن عدي وأبو سعيد بن عبد الله الأعرابي وأبو الحسن بن جوصا وسليمان الطبراني وأبو مروان عبد الملك بن محمد بن عمر الطحان وأبو القاسم حمزة بن محمد بن عليّ الكناني الحافظ وأبو جعفر محمد بن أبي الحسن اليقطيني.