ارض

1 أَرُضَتِ الأَرْضُ, (S, K, [in two copies of the S أُرِضَت, but this is evidently a mistake,]) with damm, (S,) like كَرُمَت, (K,) inf. n. أَرَاضَةٌ, (S, M, K,) The land became thriving, or productive; (S, K;) as also ↓ استأرضت; (TA;) it became pleasing to the eye, and disposed by nature to yield good produce; (K, TA;) it became fruitful, and in good condition; (M;) it collected moisture, and became luxuriant with herbage; it became soft to tread upon, pleasant to sit upon, productive, and good in its herbage or vegetation: (AHn:) and أَرَضَتِ الأَرْضُ, (K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) the land became abundant in herbage, or pasture. (K.) b2: أَرُضَ, inf. n. أَرَاضَةٌ, is also said of a man, meaning (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, lowly, or submissive, and naturally disposed to good, or to do good. (L, TA,) A2: أَرَضَ الأَرْضَ He found the land to be abundant in herbage, or pasture. (K.) A3: أُرِضَتِ الخَشَبَةُ, (S, A, Msb, TA,) in the pass. form, (Msb,) like عُنِى, (TA,) aor. ـْ (S, TA,) inf. n. أَرْضٌ, (S, A, TA,) with sukoon [to the ر]; (S, TA;) and some add أَرِضَت, aor. ـْ inf. n. as above; (TA; [and so in a copy of the S in the place of what here precedes;]) The piece of wood was, or became, eaten by the أَرَضَة, q. v. (S, A, Msb, TA.) A4: أَرِضَتِ القَرْحَةٌ, (S, M. K,) aor. ـَ (S, K,) inf. n. أَرَضٌ, (S, M,) The ulcer, or sore, became blistered, (S, M, K,) and wide, (M,) and corrupt (S, M, K) by reason of thick purulent matter, (S,) and dissundered; (M;) so says As; (TA;) as also ↓ استأرضت. (Sgh, K.) A5: أُرِضَ, like عُنِىَ, (K,) inf. n. أَرْضٌ; (TA;) or أَرِضَ, like سَمِعَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. أَرْضٌ; (L;) He was, or became, affected with زُكَام [or rheum]. (L, K.) 2 ارّض, (TK,) inf. n. تَأْرِيضٌ, (K,) He depastured the herbage of the earth, or land: and he sought after it: (K:) or, accord. to some, تَأْرِيضٌ denotes this latter signification with respect to a place of alighting, or abiding: (TA:) and you say [also], المَنْزِلَ ↓ تأرّض he sought after, and chose, the place for alighting, or abiding: (M, TA:) and لِلْمَنْزِلِ ↓ تَرَكْتُ الحَىَّ يَتَأَرَّضُونَ I left the tribe seeking after a tract of country in which to alight, or abide. (TA.) A2: He, or it, rendered heavy; [app. meaning slow, or sluggish; see 5;] syn. ثَقَّلَ. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) b2: He made to tarry; to tarry and wait, or expect; or to be patient, and tarry, and wait, or expect. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) 4 آرض, inf. n. إِيْرَاضٌ: see 5.

A2: مَا آرَضُ هذَا المَكَانَ How abundant is the herbage (عُشْب) of this place! or, as some say, مَا آرَضَ هذِهِ الأَرْضَ How level, or soft, and productive, and good, is this land! (Lh, AHn.) A3: آرَضَهُ, (S, K, [in the CK, incorrectly, اَرَضَهُ,]) inf. n. as above, (S,) He (God) caused him to be affected with زُكَام [or rheum]. (S, K.) 5 تارّض It (herbage) became in such a state that it might be cut. (S, K.) A2: He clave, or kept, to the ground, not quitting it: (A:) and ↓ آرض, inf. n. إِيرَاضٌ, he remained upon the ground: and تأرّض بِالمَكَانِ he remained fixed in the place, not quitting it: or he waited, or expected, and stood upon the ground: and, as also بالمكان ↓ استأرض, he remained, and tarried, or tarried in expectation, in the place: or he remained fixed therein: (TA:) and تأرّض alone, he tarried, loitered, stayed, waited, or paused in expectation: (S, TA:) and he was, or became, heavy, slow, or sluggish, inclining, or propending, to the ground; (S, K;) [as also ↓ استأرض, accord. to IB's explanation of its act. part. n.] You say, فُلَانٌ إِنْ رَأَى

مَطْعَمًا تَأَرَّضَ وَإِنْ أَصَابَ مَطْعَمًا أَعْرَضَ [Such a one, if he see food, cleaves, or keeps, to the ground, not quitting it; and if he obtain food, turns away: or تأرّض may here be rendered agreeably with the explanation next following]. (A, TA.) b2: جَآءِ فُلَانٌ يَتَأَرَّضُ لِى (S, K, * TA) Such a one came asking, or petitioning, for a thing that he wanted, to me; syn. يَتَصَدَّى, and يَتَعَرَّضُ; (S, K, TA;) and تَضَرَّعَ is also a syn. of تَأَرَّضَ, used in this manner. (TA.) A3: See also 2, in two places.10 إِسْتَاْرَضَ see 5, in two places. b2: استأرض السَّحَابُ The clouds expanded, or spread: or, as some say, became fixed, or stationary. (M, TA.) A2: See also 1, first signification: A3: and see 1 again, last signification but one.

الأَرْضُ [The earth;] that whereon are mankind: (TA:) [and earth, as opposed to heaven: and the ground, as meaning the surface of the earth, on which we tread and sit and lie; and the floor: without ال signifying a land, or country: and a piece of land or ground: and land, or soil, or ground, considered in relation to its quality:] it is fem.: (S, A, Msb, K:) and is a coll. gen. n.; (S, A, K;) of which the n. un. should be أَرْضَةٌ, but this they did not say: (S:) or a pl. having no sing.; (A, K;) for أَرْضَةٌ has not been heard: (K:) its pl. is أَرَضَاتٌ, (S, K,) in [some of] the copies of the K أَرْضَاتٌ, (TA,) for they sometimes form the pl. of a word which has not the fem. ة with ا and ت, as in the instance of عُرُسَاتٌ; (S;) and أَرَضُونَ, [which is more common,] (Az, AHn, S, Mgh, Msb, K,) with fet-h to the ر, (Az, AHn, Mgh, Msb,) and with و and ن, though a fem. has not its pl. formed [regularly] with و and ن unless it is of the defective kind, like ثُبَةٌ and ظُبَةٌ, but they have made the و and ن [in this instance] a substitute for the ا and ت which they have elided [from أَرَضَاتٌ], and have left the fet-hah of the ر as it was; (S;) but they also said أَرْضُونَ, (Az, AHn, S,) sometimes, making the ر quiescent; (S;) and أُرُوضٌ (Az, AHn, Msb, K) is sometimes used as a pl., as in the saying مَا أَكْثَرَ أُرُوضَ بَنِى

فُلَانٍ [How many are the lands of the sons of such a one!]; (TA;) and another [and very common] pl. is [أَرَاضٍ, with the article written]

الأَرَاضِى, contr. to rule, (S, Msb, K,) as though they had formed a pl. from آرُضٌ; (S;) thus written in all the copies of the S; [accord. to SM; but in one copy of the S, I find كَأَنَّهُمْ جَمَعُوا ااراضًا; and in another, ارضًا;] and in one copy [is added], “ thus it is found in his [J's] handwriting; ” but IB says that correctly he should have said أَرْضَى, like أَرْطَى; for as to آرُضٌ, its regular pl. would be أَوَارِضُ; and [SM says] I have found it observed in a marginal note to the S that the pl. of آرُضٌ would be أَآرِضُ, like as أَكَالِبُ is pl. of أَكْلُبٌ; and wherefore did he not say that الاراضى is a pl. of an unused sing., like لَيَالٍ and أَهَالٍ, so that it is as though it were pl. of أَرْضَاةٌ, like as لَيَالٍ is pl. of لَيْلَاةٌ? yet if any one should propose the plea that it may be formed by transposition from أَآرِضُ, he would not say what is improbable; its measure being in this case أَعَالِفُ; the word being أَرَاضِئُ, and the ء being changed into ى: (TA:) accord. to Abu-l-Khattáb, (S,) آرَاضٌ is also a pl. of أَرْضٌ, (S, K,) like as آهَالٌ is a pl. of أَهْلٌ; (S;) but IB says that, in the opinion of the critics, the truth with respect to what is related on the authority of Abu-l-Khattáb is, that from أَرْضٌ and أَهْلٌ are formed أَرَاضٍ and أَهَالٍ, as though they were pls. of أَرْضَاةٌ and أَهْلَاةٌ; like as they said لَيْلَةٌ and لَيَال, as though this were pl. of لَيْلَاةٌ. (TA.) It is said in proverbs, أَجْمَعُ مِنَ الأَرْضِ [More comprehensive than the earth]: (TA:) and آمَنُ مِنَ الأَرْضِ [More trustworthy than the earth, in which treasures are securely buried]: and أَشَدُّ مِنَ الأَرْضِ [Harder than the earth, or ground]: (A, TA:) and أَذَلُّ مِنَ الأَرْضِ [More vile, or more submissive, than the earth, or ground]. (TA.) And you say, مَنْ أَطَاعَنِى كُنْتُ لَهُ أَرْضَا (tropical:) [Whoso obeyeth me, I will be to him as ground whereon one treads]; denoting submissiveness. (A, TA.) And فُلَانٌ إِنٌ ضُرِبَ فَأَرْضٌ (tropical:) [Such one, if he be beaten, is like ground]; i. e. he cares not for beating. (A, TA.) One says also, لَا أَرْضَ لَكَ [Mayest thou have no land, or country! or thou hast no land, or country]; like as one says, لَا أُمَّ لَكَ. (S, K,) b2: [And hence,] هُوَ ابْنُ أَرْضٍ He is a stranger, (A, K, TA,) of whom neither father nor mother is known. (TA.) b3: اِبْنُ الأَرْضِ [with the art. ال prefixed to the latter word] is A certain plant, (AHn, K,) which comes forth upon the summits of the [hills called] آكَام, having a stem (أَصْل), but not growing tall, (AHn,) which resembles hair, and is eaten, (AHn, K,) and quickly dries up; (AHn;) a species of بَقْل, as also بِنْتُ الأَرْضِ: (S in art. بنى:) and بَنَاتُ الأَرْضِ plants: (M in art. بسر:) and the places which are concealed from the pastor. (S in that art.) Also The pool that is left by a torrent: (T in art. بنى:) and بَنَاتُ الأَرْضِ pools in which are remains of water: (IAar in TA art. بسر:) and rivulets. (T in art. بنى.) b4: أَرْضٌ is also used to signify (assumed tropical:) A carpet; or anything that is spread: and in this sense, in poetry, it is sometimes made masc. (Msb.) b5: And (assumed tropical:) Anything that is low. (S, K.) And (tropical:) The lower, or lowest, part of the legs of a horse or the like: (S, K:) or the legs of a camel or of a horse or the like: and the part that is next to the ground thereof. (TA.) You say بَعِيرٌ شَدِيدُ الأَرْضِ (tropical:) A camel strong in the legs. (TA.) And فَرَسٌ بَعِيدٌ مَا بَيْمَ أَرْضِهِ وَسَمَائِهِ (tropical:) A horse that is large and tall. (A, TA.) b6: Also, of a man, (tropical:) The knees and what is beneath, or below, (lit. after,) them. (TA.) b7: And of a sandal, (assumed tropical:) [The lower surface of the sole;] the part that touches the ground. (TA.) A2: A febrile shivering; a tremor: (S, K:) or vertigo: or it signifies also vertigo arising from a relaxed state, and occasioning a defluxion from the nose and eyes. (TA.) I'Ab is related to have said, on the occasion of an earthquake, أَزُلْزِلَتِ الأَرْضُ أَمْ بِى أَرْضٌ, (S,) i. e. [Hath the earth been made to quake, or is there in me] a tremor? or a vertigo? (TA.) [أَهْلُ الأَرْضِ signifies A certain class of the jinn, or genii; by whom human beings are believed to be possessed, and affected by an involuntary tremor; whence it seems that this appellation may perhaps be from أَرْضٌ as signifying “ a tremor. ”

See مَأْرُوضٌ: and see خَبَلٌ, as explained in the S.]

b2: Also Rheum; syn. زُكَامٌ: (S, K:) in this sense masc.; or, accord. to Kr, fem., on the authority of Ibn-Ahmar. (TA.) A3: See also مَأْرُوضٌ.

أَرَضٌ: see أَرَضَةٌ.

أُرْضَةٌ: see what next follows.

إِرْضَةٌ of herbage, What suffices the camels, or other pasturing animals, for a year: (IAar, AHn, M:) or abundant herbage or pasture; as also ↓ أُرْضَةٌ and ↓ إِرَضَةٌ. (K.) أَرَضَةٌ [The wood-fretter;] a certain insect that eats wood, (S A, Msb, K,) well known; (A, K;) it is a white worm, resembling the ant, appearing in the days of the [season called] رَبِيع: (TA:) there are two kinds: one kind is small, like the large of the ذَرّ [or grubs of ants]; and this is the bane of wood in particular: (AHn, TA:) or this kind is the bane of wood and of other things, and is a white worm with a black head, not having wings, and it penetrates into the earth, and builds for itself a habitation of clay, or soil; and this is said to be that which ate the staff of Solomon [as is related in the Kur xxxiv. 13, where it is called دَابَّةُ الأَرْضِ, as is said in the A]: (TA:) the other kind [is the termite, or white ant; termes fatale of Linn.; called by Forskål (in his Descr. Animalium &c., p. 96,) termes arda, destructor; and this] is like a large common ant, having wings; it is the bane of everything that is of wood, and of plants; except that it does not attack what is moist, or succulent; and it has legs: (AHn, TA:) the pl. is ↓ أَرَضٌ (AHn, Msb, TA) and أَرَضَاتٌ; (Msb;) or, as some [more properly] say, أَرَضٌ is a quasi-pl. [or coll. gen.] n. (AHn, TA.) It is said in a prov., آكَلُ مِنَ الــأَرَضَةِ [More consuming than the wood-fretter, or the termite]. (TA.) And in another, أَفْسَدُ مِنَ الــأَرَضَةِ [More marring, or injuring, or destructive, than the wood-fretter, or the termite.] (A, TA.) أَرِضَةٌ: see أَرِيضٌ.

إِرَضَةٌ: see إِرْضَةٌ.

أَرُوضٌ: see أَريضٌ.

أَرِيضٌ part. n. of أَرُضَ. b2: You say أَرْضٌ أَرِيضَةٌ (S, A, K) and ↓ أَرِضَةٌ (TA) Land that is thriving, or productive; (S, A, K;) pleasing to the eye; (AA, S, A, K;) and disposed by nature to yield good produce: (A, K, TA:) or fruitful; increasing in plants or herbage: (IAar:) or level, or soft: (ISh:) or that collects moisture, and becomes luxuriant with herbage; that is soft to tread upon, pleasant to sit upon, productive, and good in its herbage or vegetation: (AHn:) it also signifies a wide land; syn. عَرِيضَةٌ: (TA:) and إِرَاضٌٍ [as pl. of أَرِيضٌ] is syn. with عِرَاضٌ and وِسَاع; (AA, K, TA;) as though the ء were a substitute for the ع. (TA.) b3: أَرِيضٌ is also an imitative sequent to عَرِيضٌ; (S, K;) as in the phrase أَرِيضٌ شَىْءٌ عَرِيضٌ [A very wide thing]: (S:) or it signifies fat, as an epithet: (K:) some use it in this sense without عرِيض, applied to a kid. (S.) And you say, اِمْرَأَةٌ عَرِيضَةٌ أَرِيضَةٌ [A very wide, or wide and fat, woman; or, as seems to be indicated in the TA in art. عرَض, prolific and perfect]; and in like manner, ↓ مُؤْرِضَةٌ. (TA.) You say also رَجُلٌ أَرِيضٌ, (S,) and لِلْخَيْرِ ↓ أَرُوضٌ, (A,) A man lowly, or submissive; (S;) naturally disposed to good, or to do good. (S, A.) and نَفْسٌ وَاسِعٌ أَرِيضٌ: see رَابِطٌ.

هُوَآرَضُهُمْ بِهِ He is the most adapted, meet, suited, fitted, or fit, of them, for it; or most worthy of them of it. (K.) And هُوَآرَضُهُمْ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ ذلِكَ He is the most adapted, &c., or most worthy, of them to do that. (As, S.) مُؤْرِضَةٌ: see أَرِيضٌ.

مَأْرُوضٌ Wood eaten by the أَرَضَة [or woodfretter, or termite, but generally meaning the former]; (S, A, Msb, K;) as also ↓ أَرْضٌ. (TA.) A2: A person affected with خَبَل [q. v.] from the jinn, or genii, and [what are called] أَهْلُ الأَرْضِ, (S, K,) i. e. (so accord. to the S and TA, but in the K “ and ”) he who moves about his head and body involuntarily. (S, K.) b2: A person affected with زُكَام [or rheum]: (S, K:) accord. to Sgh, [who seems, like J, not to have known أُرِضَ,] from آرَضَهُ; (Sgh, TA;) whereas by rule, [if from آرِضَهُ,] it should be مُؤْرَضٌ. (TA.) فَسِيلٌ مُسْتَأْرِضٌ, and وَدِيَّةٌ مُسْتَــأْرِضَةٌ, A young palm-tree, and a small young palm-tree, having a root in the ground: such as grows forth from the trunk of the mother-tree is called رَاكِبٌ. (S, K.) b2: مُسْتَأْرِضٌ also signifies Heavy, slow, or sluggish, inclining, or propending, to the ground. (IB.)

سلم

1 سَلِمَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. سَلَامَةٌ (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and سَلَامٌ (A, TA) and سَلَمٌ and سَلْمٌ and سِلْمٌ, (Bd in xxxix. 30,) He was, or became, safe, or secure; or he escaped; (M, TA;) or he was, or became, free; (TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Mgh,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ البَلَآءِ [from trial, or affliction], (A, TA,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]: (M:) he (a traveller) was, or became, safe, secure, or free, from evils of any kind: (Msb:) and سَلِمَ مِنَ العَيْبِ he was, or became, free from fault, defect, imperfection, blemish, or vice; syn. بَرِئَ. (Msb in art. برأ.) [Hence,] one says, لَا بِذِى تَسْلَمُ مَا كَانَ

گَذَا وَكَذَا, (ISk, S, K, *) meaning No, by God [or Him] who maketh thee to be in safety, (ISk, S, K,) [such and such things were not;] and to two persons لا بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and to a pl. number لا بذى تَسْلَمُونَ, and to a female لا بذى تَسْلَمِينَ, and to a pl. number [of females] لا بذى تَسْلَمْنَ. (ISk, S, K. *) And لَا أَفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, meaning, بِذِى سَلَامَتِكِ [i. e. I will not do that, by the Author (lit. Lord or Master) of thy safety]; and in like manner, بذى تَسْلَمَانِ, and بذى تَسْلَمُونَ. (Sb, M. [See also ذو.]) And اِذْهَبْ بِذِى تَسْلَمُ, i. e. اِذْهَبْ بِسَلَامَتِكَ [Go thou with thy safety; or, with the Author of thy safety to protect thee; meaning go thou in safety]; and [to two persons]

اِذْهَبَا بِذِى تَسْلَمَانِ. (S, K.) ذى is thus prefixed to a verb [as virtually governing it in the gen. case] like as آيَة is in an instance mentioned under this latter word; but these are two extr. instances; for only a noun significant of time is [regularly] prefixed to a verb, as in the phrase هٰذَا يَوْمُ يُفْعَلُ, meaning يُفْعَلُ فِيهِ: (Akh, S:) it is not prefixed to any but this verb تَسْلَمُ [and its variations as above mentioned]. (Sb, M, K.) b2: And hence, (Mgh,) one says also, سَلِمَتْ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ, meaning [The landed estate] was, or became, free from participation to him; syn. خَلَصَت. (Mgh, TA.) A2: سلمهُ, [app. سَلَمَهُ, or perhaps سَلِمَهُ, for some verbs of this measure are trans., as حَسِبَ and وَرِثَ,] inf. n. سلم, [app. سَلَمٌ, q. v. infrà,] He made him a captive. (TA.) A3: سَلَمَتْهُ الحَيَّةُ, (TA,) inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M, K, TA,) The serpent bit him: (M, * K, * TA:) mentioned by Az, but he adds that no one but Lth has said this. (TA.) A4: سَلَمَ الجِلْدَ, aor. ـِ (S, K,) inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (TA,) He tanned the skin with [قَرَظ, i. e. leaves of] the سَلَم [or mimosa flava]. (S, K, TA.) b2: سَلَمَ الدَّلْوَ, (M, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. سَلْمٌ, (M,) He finished making the leathern bucket; and made it firm, strong, or sound, or made it firmly, strongly, or soundly. (M, K.) 2 سلّمهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَسْلِيمٌ, (K,) He (God) made him to be safe, secure, or free; saved, secured, or freed, him; (M, Msb, TA;) مِنَ الآفَاتِ [from evils of any kind], (S, Msb,) or مِنَ الآفَةِ [from evil of any kind], (K,) or مِنَ الأَمْرِ [from the affair]. (M.) [Freytag assigns the same meaning to ↓ اسلمهُ also, as on the authority of the Ham; in which I find no explanation of this verb except one which will be found later in this paragraph.] b2: [Hence,] التَّسْلِيمُ is also syn. with السَّلَامُ, (S, K, TA,) as meaning The saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his safety, or security, or freedom, from evils of any kind in his religion and in his person; and the interpretation thereof is [the expressing a desire for] التَّخْلِيصٌ; (Mbr, TA;) or the saluting, or greeting, one with a prayer for his life; or, by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [q. v. infrà, voce سَلَامٌ]; syn. التَّحِيَّةُ. (TA.) You say, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ [meaning He so saluted, or greeted, him]. (M, Msb.) [This, when said of God, virtually means سَلَّمَهُ, i. e. He saved him; and should be rendered agreeably with this explanation in the phrase commonly used after the mention of the Prophet, صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ May God bless and save him. You say also, سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالخِلَافَةِ He saluted him with the acknowledgment of his being Khaleefeh; saying, سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَمِيرَ المُؤْمِنِينَ Salutation to thee, or peace be on thee, &c., O Prince of the Faithful.] التَّسْلِيمَةُ signifies The salutation that is pronounced on finishing every two rek'ahs in prayer: (Har p. 180:) [and also that which is pronounced after the last rek'ah of each of the prayers (i. e. after the sunneh prayers and the fard alike), addressed to the two guardian and recording angels: (see my “ Modern Egyptians,” ch. iii., p. 78 of the 5th ed.:) and سَلَّمَ means He pronounced either of those salutations.] b3: [Hence also,] سلّم إِلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, (S, K, *) inf. n. as above; (K;) and ↓ اسلم اليه الشىءَ; (M;) He gave to him the thing; (S, * M, K;) or delivered it to him: (M:) [he resigned it to him:] and سلّم إِلَيْهِ الوَدِيعَةَ, (Mgh,) or سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, He delivered the deposit [to him, or] to its owner: (Msb:) and ↓ اسلم الثَّوْبَ إِلَى الخَيَّاطِ (Mgh) signifies the same as سلّمهُ إِلَيْهِ [i. e. He delivered the garment, or piece of cloth, to the tailor]. (Har p. 166.) b4: See also 4, in two places. b5: You say also, سلّم الأَجِيرُ نَفْسَهُ لِلْمُسْتَأْجِرِ The hired man gave himself up, or gave authority over himself, to the hirer. (Msb.) And ↓ أَسْلَمْتُهُ and سَلَّمْتُهُ I left him in the power of him who desired to kill him or to wound him. (Ham p. 115.) And لِلْهَلَكَةِ ↓ اسلمهُ [He gave him up to destruction]: in this case with [the prep.] ل only. (Har p. 166.) and الرَّجُلَ ↓ اسلم, (S, * M, Msb, *) or العَدُوَّ, (K,) He left, forsook, or deserted, (M, K,) the man, (S, * M, Msb, *) or the enemy; (K;) or abstained from aiding, or assisting, him; (S, M, Msb, K;) and threw him into destruction. (IAth, TA.) and لِمَا بِهِ ↓ اسلمهُ He left him [to that bane which was in him: app. referring to the bite of a serpent, or any evil affection: see سَلِيمٌ, third sentence]. (S, * M.) b6: And سلّم أَمْرَهُ إِلَى اللّٰهِ and ↓ اسلمهُ, both meaning the same, (S, Msb, K, TA,) i. e. He committed his case to God. (TA.) b7: And سلّم الدَّعْوَى He acknowledged the truth [or justice] of the claim, demand, or suit; [he conceded its truth or justice;] from سلّم الوَدِيعَةَ لِصَاحِبِهَا, expl. above; denoting an ideal delivering [or yielding of a thing to another person]. (Msb.) [Hence one says, سلّم أَنَّهُ كَذَا He conceded that it was thus.] b8: And التَّسْلِيمُ signifies also [The assenting, or] the giving [one's] approval (S, K, TA) unreservedly, (S,) to that which is ordained, or decreed, (S, K, TA,) by God; and the submitting to his commands; and the abstaining from offering opposition in the case in which it is not becoming [to do so]. (TA.) You say, سلّم لِأَمْرِ اللّٰهِ He assented to the command of God: [or he gave his approval to it:] or he submitted to it; as also ↓ اسلم. (MA.) 3 سالمهُ, (M, Msb,) inf. n. مُسَالَمَةٌ (S, M, Msb) and سِلَامٌ, (M, Msb,) He made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, with him; or he reconciled himself with him: [implying mutual concession, or a compromise:] (S, * M, Msb:) and سَالَمَا They made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, or they reconciled themselves, each with the other. (K.) 4 أَسْلَمَ see 2, in nine places. [The first of the meanings there assigned to this verb is, in my opinion, more than doubtful. In all its senses, it seems to be properly trans.: when it is used as an intrans. verb, an objective complement is app. understood. Thus,] أَسْلَمَ is syn. with أَسْلَفَ [as meaning He paid in advance, or beforehand]; (S, M, Mgh, Msb;) الثَّمَنَ [the price] being suppressed, though sometimes it is expressed; (Mgh;) as also ↓ سلّم; (M;) and ↓ تسلّم, as occurring in a trad., where it is said, مَنْ تَسَلَّمَ فِى شَىْءٍ فَلَا يَصْرِفُهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ [Whoso pays in advance for a thing, he shall not turn it over, or transfer it, to another than him]; but KT says that he had not heard this verb thus used except in this instance. (TA.) So the first of these verbs signifies in the saying, اسلم فِى الطَّعَامِ (S) or فى البُرِّ (Mgh) [He paid in advance for the wheat], and فى الشَّىْءِ [for the thing], as also ↓ سلّم. (M.) and hence the saying, إِذَا أَسْلَمَ صُوفًا فِى لِبْدٍ أَوْ شَعَرًا فِى

مِسْحٍ لَمْ يَجُزْ [If he give in advance wool for felt, or goats' hair for a garment, or piece, of haircloth, it will not be allowable]. (Mgh.) And so in the phrase, أَسْلَمْتُ إِلَيْهِ [I paid in advance to him]. (Msb.) b2: Also [He resigned, or submitted, himself; نَفْسَهُ being understood: or] he was, or became, resigned, or submissive; (M, K;) and so ↓ استسلم: (S, M, Msb, K:) you say, اسلم لِلّٰهِ [He resigned, or submitted, himself, or he was, or became, resigned, or submissive, to God: see also an ex. (before referred to) in the last sentence of the second paragraph: or he was, or became, sincere in his religion, or without hypocrisy, towards God: see مُسْلِمٌ]: (Msb:) [or]

اسلم signifies he entered into السِّلْم, (S, Msb,) which here means الاِسْتِسْلَام [i. e. the state of resignation, or submission]. (S.) b3: And He became a Muslim; as also ↓ تسلّم; (M, * K;) as in the saying, كَانَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ تَسَلَّمَ, i. e. أَسْلَمَ [He was an unbeliever, or a denier of the unity of God, &c.; then he became a Muslim]: (M:) or he entered [the pale, or communion, of] the religion of الإِسْلَام. (S, * Msb.) الإِسْلَامُ as a principle of the law of God is The manifesting of humility or submission, and outward conforming with the law of God, and the taking upon oneself to do or to say as the Prophet has done or said: for this, the blood is to be spared, and one may demand the repelling of evil: (T, * M:) and if there is therewith firm belief with the heart, it is إِيمَانٌ: (T:) this is the doctrine of Esh-Sháfi'ee; but the doctrine of Aboo-Haneefeh makes no difference between these two terms: (KT:) [agreeably with the former doctrine,] Th well and briefly says, الاسلام is with the tongue, and الايمان is with the heart: and he says, in explaining verse 48 of ch. v. of the Kur, that every prophet has been sent with الاسلام, though the ordinances differ. (M.) b4: One says also, أَسْلَمْتُ عَنْهُ, meaning I left it [app. an affair, as in an explanation in the TK,] after I had been [engaged] in it. (Ibn-Buzurj, K.) And اسلم occurs intransitively in the saying, كَانَ رَاعِىَ غَنَمٍ ثُمَّ

أَسْلَمَ, meaning [He was a pastor of sheep, or goats; then] he left them. (M.) b5: [Freytag assigns to اسلم another signification “ Adscendere fecit (vid. a سُلَّم),” as from the Ham, p. 39: but this is app. a mistake, into which he has been led by a saying, there cited, of Zuheyr, which I read thus: هَوِىَّ الدَّلْوِ أَسْلَمَهَا الرِّشَآءُ (meaning, The descent, or as the descent, of the bucket that the well-rope has let go): and by its being there said that “ you should not prefer any reading of هوى to that with damm, though it has been said otherwise: ” whereas the correct reading is, in my opinion, هَوِىّ, agreeably with what here follows:] Er-Riyáshee says, on the authority of Az, that الهَوِىُّ, with fet-h, is downwards; and with damm, upwards; and he cites the saying above as an ex. of the word as meaning downwards. (TA in art. هوى.) 5 تسلّم مِنْهُ He asserted, or declared, himself to be free from, or clear of, or quit of, it, or him. (M.) b2: تسلّم is also syn. with أُسْلَمَ, in two senses: see the latter, in two places.

A2: and تسلّمهُ signifies He took it, or received it; namely, a thing given, or delivered. (S, M, Msb, K.) 6 تسالموا, (M,) and تسالما, (K,) inf. n. تَسَالُمٌ, (S,) They, (M,) or they two, (K,) made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, (S, * M, K,) one with another, (S, M,) or each with the other. (S, K.) [See also 8.] b2: One says of a man, (M,) of a great, or frequent, liar, (TA,) لَا تَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, [for تَتَسَالَمُ,] (M,) or لَا يَتَسَالَمُ خَيْلَاهُ, (K, TA,) [(assumed tropical:) His two troops of horses will not agree in pace, each with the other;] meaning (tropical:) [his assertions will not be found to agree together; or] he will not say what is true, so that it may be accepted from him: for تَسَالَمَتْ, said of horses, means (assumed tropical:) they kept pace, one with another; (تَسَايَرَتْ [q. v.];) not exciting one another. (M, K, TA.) 8 استلم He became at peace, or reconciled. (TA.) Hence the saying, (TA,) هُوَ لَا يَسْتَلَمُ عَلَى

سَخَطِهِ He will not become at peace, or reconciled, during his displeasure at a thing. (K, TA.) [See also 6.] b2: استلم الزَّرْعُ The seed-produce put forth its ears. (K.) A2: استلم الحَجَرَ He touched, (S, K,) or reached, (Mgh,) the stone, [meaning the Black Stone of the Kaabeh,] by kissing, or with the hand: (S, Mgh, K:) or he wiped it, or stroked it, with the hand: (Mgh:) or he kissed the stone: or he embraced it: (M:) and اِسْتَلْأَمَهُ signifies the same; (M, K;) but is not the original: (M:) accord. to ISk, the Arabs pronounced it with hemz, contr. to analogy; (Msb;) or it should not be pronounced with hemz, though some thus pronounce it, (S,) the original being استلم, (ISk, Msb,) because it is from سِلَامٌ [pl. of سَلِمَةٌ] signifying “ stones,” (ISk, S, * M, Msb, * [in the Mgh, from سَلِمَةٌ signifying “ a stone,” and in the Msb the pl. of سَلِمَةٌ is said to be سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ,]) accord. to Sb, who says that it does not denote the act of taking; (M;) or, accord. to Sb, it is from السَّلَامُ, with fet-h, meaning “ salutation,” and it means the touching with the hand by way of salutation in order to obtain a blessing thereby: (TA:) but accord. to IAar, the original is with hemz, from المُلَآءَمَةُ, meaning الاِجْتِمَاعُ [“ the coming together,” &c., because denoting contact]. (Msb.) Abu-t-Tufeyl is related to have said, رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَطُوفُ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ يَسْتَلِمُ بِمِحْجَنِهِ وَيُقَبِّلُ المِحْجَنَ [i. e. I saw the Apostle of God (may God bless and save him) circuiting around the Kaabeh, upon his camel, touching the Black Stone with his hooked staff, and kissing the hooked staff]. (TA.) The primary signification of الاِسْتِلَامُ is [said to be] The wiping, or stroking, the سَلِمَة, i. e. the stone: afterwards it was used in relation to other things, and one said اِسْتَلَمْتُ يَدَهَا, meaning I stroked, or kissed, her hand. (Har pp. 30 and 31.) b2: استلم الخُفُّ قَدَمَيْهِ means The boot rendered his feet soft [after he had been accustomed to walking barefoot]. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَسْلَمَ see 4, in the former half of the paragraph.

A2: استسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ He went upon the middle of the road, not missing it. (K, * TA. [In the CK, after واسْتَسْلَمَ انقادَ, for وثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, meaning واستسلم ثَكَمَ الطَّرِيقِ, is erroneously put وتَسَلَّمَ الطَّرِيقَ, assigning to تسلّم a meaning belonging to استسلم.]) Q. Q. 2 تَمَسْلَمَ [from مُسْلِمٌ] He named, or called, himself a Muslim; or he named himself Muslim; his name having before been Mohammad: (M, K:) mentioned by Er-Ru-ásee. (M.) سَلْمٌ: see the next paragraph, in six places.

A2: Also A leathern bucket (دَلْوٌ) having one عُرْوَة [or loop-shaped handle], (T, S, M, K,) with which the waterer walks, like the buckets (دِلَآء) of the attendants of the camels or other beasts upon which water is drawn or which carry water, (T, TA,) or like the دَلْو of the water-carriers: (S, K:) expl. in the S as above as on the authority of AA; but IB says that the correct explanation is, having one عَرْقُوَة [or stick fixed across from one part of the brim to the to the opposite part, serving as a handle as well as to keep it from collapsing]: (TA:) of the masc. gender [whereas دَلْوٌ is fem.]: (M:) pl. [of pauc.] أَسْلُمٌ and [of mult.] سِلَامٌ, (M, K,) and Lh mentions as its pl. أَسَالِمُ, which is extr. [unless as a pl. pl., i. e. pl. of أَسْلُمٌ]. (M.) سِلْمٌ Peace, or reconciliation; as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) masc. and fem.; (S, Msb, K; *) and ↓ سَلَمٌ and ↓ سَلَامٌ are like سِلْمٌ [in signification]: (M: [the context there shows that the signification mentioned above is what is meant in this instance:]) or سِلْمٌ signifies the making peace, or becoming at peace or reconciled, with another or others; (Ham p. 80;) as also ↓ سَلْمٌ; and both are sometimes fem. as being syn. with مُصَالَحَةٌ. (L voce جَنَحَ, q. v.) In the saying of El-Aashà, أَذَاقَتْهُمُ الحَرْبُ أَنْفَاسَهَا

↓ وَقَدْ تُكْرَهُ الحَرْبُ بَعْدَ السِّلِمْ [War made them, or has made them, to taste its draughts, and verily war is disliked after peace], he has transferred the vowel of the م to the ل, in pausing; or it may be that he has inserted a kesreh in imitation of the preceding kesreh: it is not an instance like إِبِل, in the opinion of Sb; for in his opinion the latter is the only instance of its kind. (M.) It is said in a trad., respecting El-Hodeybiyeh, أَخَذَ ثَمَانِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ سِلْمًا, or ↓ سَلْمًا, or ↓ سَلَمًا, accord. to different relations, meaning [He took forty of the people of Mekkeh] peaceably: thus expl. by El-Homeydee, in his “ Ghareeb. ” (TA. [See also سَلَمٌ below.]) b2: Also i. q. ↓ سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) as signifying Selfresignation, or submission; (TA; [and thus the latter is expl. in one place in the S;]) which is also a signification of ↓ سَلَمٌ: (S, M, K, TA:) and this is meant in the Kur [iv. 96], where it is said, لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا ↓ وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ, (Bd, TA,) or ↓ السَّلَمَ, as some read, (Bd,) [i. e. and say not ye to him who offers to you submission, Thou art not a believer:] or ↓ السَّلَامَ here means the salutation of الإِسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ]: (Bd, TA: *) or salutation, and submission by uttering the profession of الإِسْلَام; and so ↓ السَّلَمَ: (Jel:) [or the latter here means, simply, salutation; and this is app. what is meant by its being said that] السَّلَمُ is the subst. from التَّسْلِيمُ; (K;) [but accord. to SM,] this means the unreserved approval of what is decreed; and this is said to be meant by the reading السَّلَمَ mentioned above. (TA.) b3: And [hence] السِّلْمُ signifies also الإِسْلَامُ [as meaning The religion of the Muslims; because it is a religion of self-resignation, or submission]: (S, K:) this is meant in the Kur [ii. 204], where it is said, اُدْخُلُوا فِى السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً

[Enter ye into the religion of El-Islám wholly]; (S, Bd, Jel;) and so ↓ السَّلْمِ, as some there read; (Bd, Jel;) or both there mean submission and obedience to God: (Bd:) [and] ↓ السَّلَمُ [also] has the former meaning. (M.) A2: Also, (S, M, K,) and ↓ سَلْمٌ, (M,) A man, (S, K, TA,) [and] a woman, (M,) who makes peace, or is at peace, with another; (S, M, K;) and in like manner, a company of men (قَوْمٌ). (M.) This is said to be meant in the Kur [xxxix. 30], where it is said, وَرَجْلًا سِلْمًا لِرَجُلٍ, as some read, i. e. And a man who is at peace with respect to a man: (TA:) or سِلْمًا and ↓ سَلْمًا and ↓ سَلَمًا, three different readings, in the place of [the more common reading]

سَالِمًا, are all inf. ns. of سَلِمَ, used as epithets [syn. with سَالِمًا], or ذَا is suppressed before them. (Bd.) You say, أَنَا سِلْمٌ لِمَنْ سَالَمَنِى [I am one who is at peace with respect to him who is at peace with me]. (S, TA.) And a poet says, [using this word in two different senses, the latter of which has been mentioned above,] لِأَهْلِكِ فَاقْبَلِى سِلْمِى أَنَائِلُ إِنَّنِى سِلْمٌ [O Náïleh, (نَائِلُ being for نَائِلَةٌ, a woman's name, apocopated,) verily I am one who is at peace with respect to thy family, therefore accept thou my submission]. (TA. [It seems to be there indicated by the context that سلمى here means my peace, or reconciliation; which is less appropriate than the meaning that I have assigned to it.]) سَلَمٌ: see سَلَامٌ: and see also سِلْمٌ, in seven places. b2: Also, in buying or selling, (Msb,) the subst. from أَسْلَمَ فِى الشَّىْءِ and سَلَّمَ signifying

أَسْلَفَ, (M,) i. q. سَلَفٌ; (S, Msb, K;) i. e. Any money, or property, paid in advance, or beforehand, as the price of a commodity for which the seller has become responsible and which one has bought on description: (T and TA in art. سلف:) or payment for a commodity to be delivered at a certain [future] period with something additional to [the equivalent of] the current price at the time of such payment; this [transaction] being a cause of profit to him who makes such payment: (TA in that art.:) or a sort of sale in which the price is paid in advance, and the commodity is withheld, on the condition of description, to a certain [future] period: (S and O in that art., in explanation of سَلَفٌ:) but it is said in a trad. that the term سَلَمٌ as meaning سَلَفٌ was disliked; app. because the former is applied to obedience, and self-resignation, or submission, to God. (TA.) A2: And The making [one] captive. (K. [See 1, in the latter part of the paragraph.]) A3: And A captive; (K;) because he submits himself. (TA.) One says, أَخَذَهُ سَلَمًا, (M, TA, [in the TK بِالسَّلَمِ,]) He took him [a captive], (TA,) or made him captive, (M,) without war: (M, TA:) or he brought him in a state of submission, not resisting; and so, if wounded: (IAar, M, TA:) and thus El-Khattábee has expl. the phrase in the trad. respecting El-Hodeybiyeh cited above, voce سِلْمٌ. (TA.) A4: Also A sort of tree, (S, M, Msb, K,) [the mimosa flava of Forskål, who writes its Arabic name in Italic characters syllæm, and in Arabic characters سليم, (Flora Aegypt. Arab., p. cxxiii.,)] a species (M) of the [kind of thorny trees called] عِضَاه, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, TA, [not غَضَاة, as in the Lexicons of Golius and Freytag,]) the leaves whereof are the قَرَظ, with which skin is tanned: (TA:) AHn says, its branches are long, like rods; and it has no wood such as is used in carpentry, even if it grows large: it has slender, long thorns, grievous when they wound the foot of a man; and a yellow [fruit such as is termed] بَرَمَة [n. un. of بَرَمٌ, see this word, and see also حُبْلَةٌ,] which is the sweetest of the بَرَم in odour; and they tan with its leaves: and it is said, on the authority of the Arabs of the desert, that it has a yellow flower, containing a green grain (حَبَّة خَضْرَآء [or this may mean a grain of a dark, or an ashy, dustcolour]), of sweet odour, in which is somewhat of bitterness, and of which the gazelles are very fond: (M:) the n. un. is with ة: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) and pl. أَسْلَامٌ, (M,) and سِلَامٌ is said by IB to be pl. of the n. un., like as إِكَامٌ is of أَكَمَةٌ. (TA.) [Hence,] ذَاتُ أَسْلَامٍ A land (أَرْض) that gives growth to the [trees called] سَلَم. (K.) See also سلَمَان.

سَلِمٌ Stones; (S, M;) as also ↓ سِلَامٌ: (M:) and ↓ سَلِمَةٌ [as n. un. of the former and sing. of the latter, (incorrectly written by Freytag, in one place, سَلَمَةٌ, and incorrectly said by him to be of the dial. of the people of Himyer,)] signifies a stone: (S, M, Mgh, Msb:) [or] the pl. [or quasipl. n.] of سَلِمَةٌ in this sense is ↓ سَلَامٌ, like كَلَامٌ in measure: (Msb:) or ↓ سَلِمَةٌ signifies stones; (K;) or hard stones; (TA;) and ↓ سِلَامٌ is its pl.: (K:) [said to be] so called because of their freedom (سلَامَة) from softness: (TA:) or this last signifies stones, the small thereof and the large; and they assign to it no sing.: (ISh, TA:) or سلام [probably meaning ↓ سَلَامٌ] is a quasi-pl. n.: (Aboo-Kheyreh, TA:) and it is also said to be a name for any broad stone. (TA.) See also سَلَمَان. A poet says, (namely, Bujeyr Ibn-'Anameh, IB, TA,) يَرْمِى وَرَائِى بِامْسَهْكِ وَامْسَهْمِ وَامْسَلِمَهْ [He casts from behind me (i. e. defends me) with the arrow and the stone]: this [usage of ام for ال] is of the dial. of [Teiyi and] Himyer. (S, TA.) السِّلِمْ for السِّلْمْ: see سِلْمٌ, second sentence.

سَلِمَةٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: and سَلَمَان.

A2: Also A woman soft, or tender, in the أَطْرَاف [or fingers, or other extremities]. (K.) b2: And An old and weak she-camel. (IAar, TA in art. سد.) سَلْمَى A certain plant (K, TA) which becomes green in the [season called] صَيْف [app. here meaning spring]. (TA.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَى The [species of lizard called] وَزَغ: (K:) or, some say, [as is said in the M,] ↓ أَبُو سَلْمَانَ. (TA.) b3: See also the next paragraph. b4: [In the CK, by a mistranscription, a meaning belonging to سُلَامَى is assigned to سَلْمَى.]

السَّلْمَآء, accord. to Aboo-Mis-hal, as meaning The earth, occurs in the prov., أَنْفٌ قِى المَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ [A nose in the water and a rump on the earth]: and if this be correct, it may be derived from سلام [i. e. سِلَامٌ] meaning “ stones: ” and it may be originally ↓ السَّلْمَى, and lengthened for the sake of the rhyme. (Ham p. 214.) [But the reading commonly known is, أَنْفٌ فِى السَّلْمَآءِ وَاسْتٌ فِى المَآءِ.]

هُوَ سَلْمَانُ بَيْتِهِ He is the special, or particular, friend of his [another's] house; one who mixes with him much: from the saying of the Prophet, سَلْمَانُ مِنَّا أَهْلِ البَيْتِ [Selmán is of us, the people of the house]; referring to Selmán El-Fárisee. (Har p. 472.) b2: أَبُو سَلْمَانَ: see سَلْمَى. b3: Also A species of the [black beetles called] جِعْلَان [pl. of جُعَلٌ, q. v.]: (M:) or i. q. جُعَلٌ, (IAar, K,) or أَبُو جَعْرَان, with fet-h [app. a mistake for kesr] to the ج: (Kr, TA:) or the largest of the جِعْلَان: or a certain insect like the جُعَل, having a pair of wings: (TA:) or the male of the [black beetles called] خَنَافِس [pl. of خُنْفَسَآءُ, q. v.]. (IAar, TA in art. فرض.) سَلَمَان or سَلِمَان, accord. to different readings, occurs in a trad. of Ibn-'Omar, in which it is said, كَانَ يُصَلِّى عِنْدَ سَلَمَانٍ فِى طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ [He used to pray at certain selem-trees, or certain stones, in the road of Mekkeh]: each may be a pl. [or rather a quasi-pl. n.]; the former, of ↓ سَلَمَةٌ, the “ tree so called; ” the latter, of ↓ سَلِمَةٌ, “ stones ” [or a “ stone: ” but both of these explanations are strange]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ, (S, K, TA,) in its primary acceptation, (TA,) is syn. with ↓ سَلَامَةٌ, (S, K, TA,) as is also ↓ سَلَمٌ, (S, [so in one of my copies, but omitted in the other copy,]) and signifies Safety, security, immunity, or freedom, from faults, defects, imperfections, blemishes, or vices, (S, * [mentioned in one only of my two copies, and there as relating peculiarly to the third word,] K, [in which it ostensibly relates peculiarly to the first word, but in the CK, by the omission of a و before it, it is made to relate only to the second word,] and TA, [accord. to which it relates to the first and second words, as it is well known to do,]) and from evils of any kind: (TA:) or [simply] safety, security, immunity, or freedom; as also ↓ سَلَامَةٌ: (Sb, M:) IKt says that these two words may be dial. vars. [syn. each with the other]; or the former may be pl. of the latter [or rather a coll. gen. n. of which the latter is the n. un.]: (M, TA:) and Suh says, in the R, that most of the lexicologists hold them to have one [and the same] meaning: but that if they considered the language of the Arabs, and the distinction, or limitation, denoted by the ة, they would see that between them is a great difference [inasmuch as the former has a large range of meaning which the latter has not, as will be seen from what follows]. (TA.) سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ is an announcement of the continuance of سَلَامَة [or safety, &c.]: (Bd in xiii. 24:) [it may therefore be rendered Safety, &c., be, or light and abide, on you; or, generally, peace be, or light and abide, on you; for] it means nothing disliked, or evil, shall befall you henceforth: (Bd in xvi. 34:) and سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ [may be rendered in like manner; for it virtually] means I will not do to thee anything that is disliked, or evil; (Bd and Jel in xix. 48;) nor say to thee henceforward what would annoy thee, or be disagreeable, or evil, to thee. (Bd ibid.) It may also be [rendered May safety, &c., or peace, be, or light and abide, on you; as] a prayer for سَلَامَة, to those to whom it is addressed, from the state in which they are at the time. (Bd in xxviii. 55.) [It is generally held that this salutation may not be used by, nor to, any but a Muslim.] In the beginning of an epistle, the approved practice is to write سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ, without the article ال; and in repeating it, at the end, to write it with that article. (Durrat el-Ghowwás, in De Sacy's Anthol. Gramm. Arabe, p. 72 of the Arabic text. [In the latter case, the general practice in the present day is to write simply وَالسَّلَام, suppressing عَلَيْكَ.]) In saluting the dead, one puts عَلَيْكَ first, saying, عَلَيْكَ سَلَامُ اللّٰهِ. (Ham p. 367.) You also say, مَا كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا ↓ لَا بِسَلَامَتِكَ [No, by thy safety, such and such things were not]. (S.) السُّلَامُ is also a name of God, (S, M, Msb, K,) [applied to Him in the Kur lix. 23, accord. to some for ذُو السَّلَامِ, i. e. ذُو السَّلَامَةِ,] because of his safety, or freedom, from defect, and imperfection, and cessation of existence; (IKt, M, TA;) or from variations, and as being the everlasting, who brings the creation to nought and will not come to nought; or, accord. to Suh in the R, He is so named [as being the Author of Safety, Security, &c.; i. e.] because He has rendered all his creatures safe, or free, from defectiveness, or unsoundness, and mankind and the jinn, or genii, from the betiding of injustice, or wrong, to them, from Him; and the expositors who assert that He is thus named because of his safety, or freedom, from imperfections, and evils of any kind, utter an unseemly saying, making سَلَامٌ to be syn. with ↓ سَالِمٌ, which latter applies only to him who is liable to evil of any kind, and who expects it, and then becomes safe, or free, from it. (TA.) دَارُ السَّلَامِ is an appellation of Paradise, (M, K,) [applied thereto in the Kur vi. 127 and x. 26,] as being the abode of everlasting safety, or security; (Zj, M, TA;) the abode of safety, or security, from evils of any kind, from death and decrepitude and diseases [&c.]: (TA:) or as being the abode of God. (M, TA.) b2: See also سِلْمٌ, in four places. b3: [As is there stated,] it signifies also Salutation, or greeting; (M, TA;) particularly the salutation of الإِسْلَام [by saying سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ, expl. above]; (Bd in iv. 96;) a subst. (S, Mgh, Msb, TA) from سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ, (Msb,) [i. e.] from التُّسْلِيمُ, (S, Mgh, TA,) like كَلَامٌ from التَّكْلِيمُ. (Mgh. [See 2, third sentence.]) b4: In the saying in the Kur [xxv. 64], وَإِذَا خَاطَبَهُمُ الْجَاهِلُونَ قَالُوا سَلَامًا [And when the ignorant speak to them, they say, سَلَامًا], this last word signifies تَسَلُّمًا, (Sb, M,) or تَسَلُّمًا مِنْكُمْ [ for نَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكُمْ تَسَلُّمًا We declare ourselves to be clear, or quit, of you], and مُتَارَكَهً لَلُمْ [ for نُتَارِكُكُمْ مُتَارَكَةً we relinquish you], (Bd,) [and means] there shall be neither good nor evil between us (Sb, M, Bd) and you: it is not the سلام that is used in salutation; for the verse was revealed at Mekkeh, and the Muslims had not then been commanded to salute the believers in a plurality of gods: (Sb, M:) [in iv. 88 of the Kur, which was promulgated afterwards, at ElMedeeneh, is a general command to return a salutation with a better or with the same; but the Sunneh prescribes that the salutation of سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ or سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ when addressed to a Muslim by one not a Muslim is to be returned only by saying وَعَلَيْكَ or وَعَلَيْكُمْ:] or the meaning in xxv. 64 is, they say a right saying, in which they are secure from harming and sinning. (Bd.) Sb asserts that Aboo-Rabee'ah used to say, إِذَا لَقِيتَ فُلَانًا فَقُلْ سَلَامًا, meaning تَسَلُّمًا [for أَتَسَلَّمُ مِنْكَ تَسَلُّمًا, i. e. When thou meetest such a one, say, I declare myself to be clear, or quit, of thee]: and he says that some of them said سَلَامٌ, meaning The case of me and thee is the [case of] being clear, or quit, each of the other; and the [case of] mutual relinquishing. (M.) [It is usual, in the present day, to say, اِفْعَلْ كَذَا وَالسَّلَام, meaning Do thou such a thing, and there will be an end of altercation between us.]

A2: See also سَلِيمٌ.

A3: Also A kind of trees; (S, M, Msb, K;) they assert that they are evergreen; nothing eats them; but the gazelles keep to them, and protect themselves by their shade, but do not hide among them; and they are not great trees, nor of the kind called عِضَاه: (AHn, M:) they are also called ↓ سِلَامٌ; (K;) or this is pl. of سَلَمَةٌ [n. un. of سَلَمٌ], which is of another kind; like as إِكَامٌ is pl. of أَكَمَةٌ: (IB, TA:) n. un. with ة. (S, M.) السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ was said to an Arab of the desert; and he replied, الجَثْجَاثُ عَلَيْكَ: and being asked, “ What is this reply? ” he answered, “They are two bitter trees: thou hast put upon me one, so I have put upon thee the other. ” (K.) A4: See also سَلِمٌ, in two places.

سِلَامٌ: see سَلِمٌ, in two places: A2: and the paragraph here next preceding, last sentence but two.

سَلِيمٌ i. q. ↓ سَالِمٌ, (S, M, K,) which means Safe, secure, or free, (Msb,) from evils of any kind; (K, Msb, TA;) applied to a man: (M:) pl. سُلَمَآءُ; (M, K, TA;) in some copies of the K سَلْمَى, like جَرْحَى pl. of جَرِيحٌ; (TA;) [but this is probably its pl. only when it is used in the sense of جَرِيحٌ or the like, as seems to be the case from what follows.] Also, (M,) applied to a heart: (S, M:) بِقَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ, in the Kur xxvi. 89, means With a heart free from unbelief: (M, TA:) or, divested of corruptness, or unsoundness: (Er-Rághib, TA:) in the Kur xxxvii. 82, some say that it means with a grieving, or sorrowful, heart; from سَلِيمٌ in the sense here next following. (Bd.) b2: Also i. q. لَدِيغٌ [meaning Bitten by a serpent]; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ سَلَامٌ (S, K) and ↓ مَسْلُومٌ: (K:) app., (S,) as implying a good omen, of safety; (S, M;) or because the person is left (مُسْلَمٌ) to that [bane] which is in him: (IAar, S, * M:) and sometimes it is metaphorically used as meaning (tropical:) wounded: (M:) or it means wounded, at the point of death, (M, K,) as some say: (M:) pl. سَلْمَى. (M, and Ham p. 214.) A2: Also, (M, K,) of a horse, (M,) The part, of the hoof, that is between the أَشْعَر [or hair, or extremity of the skin, next the hoof], (M, TA,) or that is between the أَمْعَر [q. v.], (K,) but the former is the right, (TA,) and the interior of the hoof. (M, K, TA.) سَلَامَةٌ [the most usual inf. n. of سَلِمَ]: see سَلَامٌ, in three places.

A2: Also n. un. of سَلَامٌ applied to a kind of trees [described above]. (S, K.) سُلَامَى, a noun of the fem. gender, (Msb,) A certain bone that is in the فِرْسِن [q. v., here meaning foot] of the camel: (S, K:) this is said by A'Obeyd to be the primary signification: (S:) or the سُلَامَى of the camel are the bones of the فُرْسِن [or foot]: (M:) [for] سُلَامَى is used alike as sing. and pl., and sometimes it has also a pl., (S,) which is سُلَامَيَاتٌ: (S, M, K:) or it is a pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.], of which the sing. [or n. un.] is سُلَامَيَةٌ, signifying the أَنْمَلَة [q. v.] of [any of] the fingers: (IAth, TA:) [but this is a strange explanation:] it is said that the last parts in which مُخّ [here meaning marrow or pulp and the like] remains in a camel when he has become emaciated are the سُلَامَى and eye; and when it has gone from these, he has none remaining: (S:) the pl. سُلَامَيَاتٌ, (S, TA,) or سُلَامَى, (M, Msb,) also signifies the bones of the أَصَابِع, (S, M,) so says Kh, and Zj adds that they are also called the قَصَب, (Msb,) of the hand and of the foot; (M;) [i. e., of the fingers and of the toes; and this seems to be the most common meaning, in relation to a human being; namely, the phalanges of the fingers and of the toes;] that are between every two joints [and what are beyond the extreme joints] of the أَصَابِع: accord. to Lth, the سلامى are the bones of the أَصَابِع [or fingers and toes] and the أَشَاجِع and the أَكَارِع, and are hard and compact bones like كِعَاب [pl. of كَعْبٌ]: (TA: [see the words that I have here left untranslated, for the senses in which they are here used are doubtful:]) accord. to IAar, (M,) certain small bones, of the length of the إِصْبَع [or finger], (M, K,) or nearly so, (M,) or less, (K,) of which there are four, or three, (M,) [or app., five, for the meaning here seems to be the metacarpal and metatarsal bones, to which the terms سُلَامَى and سُلَامَيَاتٌ are sometimes applied, (see أَشْجَعُ and مُشْظٌ,)] in the hand and in the foot, (K,) [i. e.] in each hand and foot: (M:) Ktr says that the سلاميات are the عُرُوق [app. a mistake for عِظَام i. e. bones] of the outer side of the hand and foot: (Msb:) سلامى is also said to signify any small hollow bone: and any bone of a human being: and ISh says that in every horse are six سلاميات [app. in the fore legs and the same in the hind legs; for he seems to mean that the term سلامى is applied to each of the pasternbones and to the coffin-bone; these three corresponding to the phalanges of a human being: see فَصٌّ]: (TA:) it is not allowable to write سلامى otherwise than with what is termed the short alif. (MF, TA.) A2: سُلَامَى, (M, K,) like سُكَّارَى, (K, TA, [in the CK like سَكْرٰى, which is shown to be wrong by a verse cited in the M and TA,]) signifies also The [south, or southerly, wind called] جَنُوب. (M, K.) سَلَامَانٌ A kind of tree, (S, M, K,) growing in soft, or plain, tracts: (M:) Az says, it is like the أَلَآء, which is a tree resembling the myrtle, which changes not in the midst of summer, and which has a produce resembling the head [or ear] of millet (ذُرَة), except that it is smaller than the الآء; tooth-sticks (مَسَاوِيك) are made from it; and its produce is like that of the الآء; and it grows in the sands and the deserts: (TA in art. الأ:) n. un. with ة. (M.) نَمْلُ سُلَيْمَانُ Red ants [lit. the ants of Solomon]. (TA voce أَحْوَى, in art. حو.) سُلَّمٌ A ladder, or a series of stairs or steps, syn. مِرْقَاةٌ, (M, K,) and دَرَجَةٌ, (M,) or مِعْرَاجٌ, (Msb,) upon which one ascends; (S, Mgh;) either of wood or of clay [&c.]: (Mgh:) said by Zj to be so called because it delivers thee (يُسَلِّمُكَ) to the place to which thou desirest to go, (Mgh, TA,) i. e., to some high place, and thou hopest for safety (السَّلَامَة) by means of it: (Er-Rághib, TA:) masc. and fem.; (Lth, M, Mgh;) [app., accord. to Lth and F, generally fem.; for] accord. to Lth, one says, هِىَ السُّلَّمُ and هُوَ السُّلَّمُ; (Mgh;) [and F says,] it is sometimes made masc.: (K:) pl. سَلَالِيمُ (S, Mgh, K) and سَلَالِمُ, (K,) [which latter is the original, for] the ى in سَلَالِيمُ is added by poetic license. (M, TA.) [Hence,] السُّلَّمُ (assumed tropical:) Certain stars, below [those called] العَانَةُ, on the right of them; (K;) as being likened to the سُلَّم [above-mentioned]. (TA.) b2: And The غَرْز [or stirrup of the camel's saddle] (S, K) is sometimes thus called [as being a means of mounting]. (S.) b3: And (tropical:) A means to a thing; (K, TA;) because it leads to another thing like as does the سُلَّم upon which one ascends. (TA.) b4: And السُّلَّمُ is the name of The horse of Zebbán (in the CK Zeiyán) Ibn-Seiyár. (K.) سَالِمٌ: see سَلِيمٌ; and see سَلَامٌ, near the middle of the paragraph. [See also an ex. voce شَاجِبٌ.]

b2: [Hence,] كَلِمَةٌ سَالِمَةُ العَيْنَيْنِ (tropical:) A good word or expression or sentence. (TA.) A2: The saying of J [in the S], (K,) in which he has followed his maternal uncle El-Fárábee, (TA,) that it signifies The portion of skin between the eye and the nose, is a mistake; (IB, K;) and his citation, as an authority, of the verse of 'AbdAllah Ibn-'Omar (K) in which he says, وَجِلْدَةُ بَيْنَ العَيْنِ وَالأَنْفِ سَالِمُ (TA,) is futile: (K:) for, as IB says, Sálim was the son of Ibn-'Omar, who, by reason of his love of him, thus makes him to be as the skin between his eyes and his nose: or, as MF says, the truth is, that the said verse is by Zuheyr, and Ibn-'Omar used it as a proverb: and [SM says], if this be correct, it strengthens the saying of J. (TA.) أَسْلَمُ [More, and most, safe or secure or free from evils of any kind]. You say, هٰذَا أَسْلَمُ مِنْ هٰذَا [This is more safe &c. than this]: and هٰذَا الأَسْلَمُ [This is the most safe &c.]; and هٰذِهِ السُّلْمَى. (Ham p. 214.) A2: And الاسلم [app. الأَسْلَمُ] signifies, like الطفى [i. e. الطَّفْىُ]; The leaves (خُوص) of the دَوْم [or Theban palm]. (Ibn-Beytár, app. from AHn, cited by De Sacy in his Chrest. Arabe, 2nd ed., iii. 480.) الإِسْلَامُ [inf. n. of 4, q. v. b2: It is the general term for The religion of Mohammad: differing from الإِيمَانُ, as shown above: see 4. b3: and hence, for أَهْلُ الإِسْلَامِ, or the like,] The Muslims, collectively. (M in art. بيض, &c.) إِسْلَامِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, الأِسْلَام as meaning the religion of Mohammad. b2: And particularly] A poet of the class next after the مُخَضْرَمُون and next before the مُوَلَّدُون. (Mz 49th نوع.) [See the Preface to the present work, p. ix.] The most celebrated of the poets of this class, it seems, were Jereer, El-Farezdak, El-Akhtal, and Dhu-rRummeh, who were contemporaries, and flourished in the first and second centuries of the Flight. (Mz ubi suprà, and Ibn-Khillikán in art. جَرِير.) b3: لَفْظٌ إِسْلَامِىٌّ A word, or phrase, introduced, or used in a new sense, on the occasion of the promulgation and establishment of the religion of الإِسْلَام, by means of the Kur-án &c. (Mz 20th نوع.) الأُسَيْلِمُ [The vena salvatella;] a certain vein (S, M, K) in the hand, (M,) between the little finger and the finger next to this: (S, K:) it occurs only [thus] in the dim. form. (M.) مُسْلِمٌ act. part. n. of 4 [q. v.]. (Msb.) وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمِينَ لَكَ, in the Kur ii. 122, means And make both of us self-resigned, or submissive, to Thee: (Bd, Jel:) or, sincere in religion, or without hypocrisy, towards Thee; syn. مُخْلِصَيْنِ: (M, Bd:) and therefore مسلمين is made trans. by means of ل. (M.) b2: [It commonly means One who holds, or professes, the religion of الإِسْلَام.] And one says, ↓ كَأَنَ كَافِرًا ثُمَّ هُوَاليَوْمَ مُسْلَمَةٌ [He was an unbeliever: then, to day, he has become a Muslim]. (M.) مَسْلَمَةٌ: see what next precedes.

المُسَلَّم is said to be used in the sense of ↓ المُسْتَلَم in the saying of El-'Ajjáj, بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالكَعْبَةِ المُسَلَّممِ [Between Es-Safà and the Kaabeh of which the Black Stone is touched with the hand, or kissed: see 8]. (M.) مَسْلُومٌ: see سَلِيمٌ. b2: b3: Also A hide, or skin, tanned with [قَرَظ, or leaves of] the سَلَم. (S, M.) أَرْضٌ مَسْلُومَآءُ A land abounding with the trees called سَلَم. (M, K.) b2: Suh says, on the authority of AHn, that مَسْلُومَآءُ is a name for A collection of سَلَم; like مَشْيُوخَآءُ applied to “ many elders, or men advanced in age. ” (TA.) المُسْتَلَم: see المُسَلَّم. b2: مُسْتَلَمُ القَدَمَيْنِ meansA man soft, or tender, in the feet. (TA.)

ركب

1 رَكِبَهُ, (S, * A, K,) and رَكِبَ عَلَيْهِ, (A,) aor. ـَ (A, K,) inf. n. رُكُوبٌ (S, A, K) and مَرْكَبٌ; (A, K;) and ↓ ارتكبهُ; (K;) I. q. عَلَاهُ (A, K, TA) and عَلَا عَلَيْهِ [explained by what follows]. (TA.) You say, رَكِبْتُ الدَّابَّةَ, (Msb,) or الفَرَسَ, (Mgh,) and رَكِبْتُ عَلَيْهَا, [or عَلَيْهِ,] inf. n. رُكُوبٌ and مَرْكَبٌ [as above, meaning I rode, or rode upon, and I mounted, or mounted upon, the beast, or the horse]. (TA. [See also رَاكِبٌ.]) [and رَكِبْتُ السَّفِينَةَ, or فِى السَّفِينَةِ (agreeably with the Kur xi. 43 and xviii. 70 and xxix. 65), I embarked in the ship; went on board the ship.] And one says, of anything, رَكِبَهُ [and ↓ ارتكبه] as meaning عَلَاهُ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) It was, or became, upon, or over, it; got upon it; came, or arose, upon it; overlay it; was, or became, superincumbent, or supernatant, upon it; overspread it]; namely, another thing. (TA.) [In like manner,] one says also, of anything, رُكِبَ and ↓ اُرْتُكِبَ as meaning عُلِىَ [i. e., when said of a horse or the like, He was ridden, or ridden upon, and was mounted, or mounted upon: whence other significations in other cases, indicated above]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] رَكِبَ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضًا i. q. ↓ تراكب (tropical:) [It lay one part upon another; it was, or became, heaped, or piled, up, or together, one part upon, or overlying, another:] said of fat [as meaning it was, or became, disposed in layers, one above another: see رَاكِبَةٌ]. (A, TA.) [And hence, رَكِبَ النَّاسُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا (assumed tropical:) The people bore, or pressed, or crowded, (as though mounting,) one upon another; a phrase well known, and of frequent occurrence: or meaning (assumed tropical:) the people followed one another closely; from what next follows.] b3: رَكِبَهُ also means [(assumed tropical:) He came upon him, or overtook him; or] he followed closely, or immediately, after him: and رَكِبْتُ أَثَرَهُ and طَرِيقَهُ (assumed tropical:) I followed close after him. (L.) b4: [رَكِبَ الطَّرِيقَ, and الرَّمْلَ, and المَفَازَةَ, (assumed tropical:) He went upon, or trod, or travelled, the road, and the sand or sands, and the desert: and رَكِبَ البَحْرَ (assumed tropical:) He embarked, or voyaged, upon the sea. Hence,] رَكِبَ اللَّيْلَ, and الهَوْلَ, (tropical:) [He ventured upon, encountered, or braved, the night, and that which was terrible or fearful,] and the like thereof. (TA.) [And رَكِبَ أَمْرًا and ↓ ارتكبهُ (assumed tropical:) He ventured upon, embarked in, or undertook, an affair: and (assumed tropical:) he surmounted it, or mastered it: the former meaning is well known: the latter is indicated by an explanation of the phrase رَكَّابٌ لِلْأُمُورِ, which see below.] And رَكِبَ ذَنْبًا (A, K) and ↓ ارتكبهُ (S, A, MA, K) (tropical:) He committed a sin, or crime, or the like. (S, MA, TA.) And رَكِبَ فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا بِأَمْرٍ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one did to such a one a thing]. (TA.) And رَكِبَهُ بِمَكْرُوهٍ and ↓ ارتكبهُ (tropical:) [He did to him an evil, or abominable, or odious, deed]. (A.) And رَكِبْتُ الدَّيْنَ and ↓ ارتكبتهُ (tropical:) I became much in debt: and رَكِبَنِى الدَّيْنُ and ↓ ارتكبنى (tropical:) [Debt burdened me]. (Msb.) b5: رَكِبَ رَأْسَهُ (tropical:) He went at random, heedlessly, or in a headlong manner, (مَضَى عَلَى وَجْهِهِ, A, Msb,) [i. e.,] without consideration, (A,) or without any certain aim, or object, (Msb,) not obeying a guide to the right course. (A.) You say, يُرْكَبُ رَأْسَهُ لَا يَدْرِى أَيْنَ يَتَوَجَّهُ (assumed tropical:) [He goes at random, &c., not knowing whither to direct himself]. (S and K in art. كمه.) [See also رَكْبَةٌ. In like manner also, you say, رَكِبَ رَأْيَهُ (K voce اِسْتَهَجَّ &c.) (assumed tropical:) He followed his own opinion. And رَكِبَ هَوَاهُ (S in art. جمح) (assumed tropical:) He followed his own natural desire, without consideration, and not obeying a guide to the right course of conduct.] b6: رَكِبْتُ دُبَّتَهُ and دُبَّهُ (assumed tropical:) I kept to his state, or condition, and his way, mode, or manner, of acting &c.; and did as he did. (M in art. دب.) And رَكِبَتْهُ الحُمَّى (assumed tropical:) [The fever continued upon him] is a phrase similar to أَغْبَطَتْهُ الحُمَّى and اِمْتَطَتْهُ and اِرْتَحَلَتْهُ. (A and TA in art. غبط) A2: رَكَبَهُ, aor. ـُ (S, A, K,) inf. n. رَكْبٌ, (TA,) [from رُكْبَةٌ,] He struck, or smote, his knee: (S, A, K:) or it signifies, (K,) or signifies also, (S, A,) he struck him, or smote him, with his knee: (S, A, K:) or he took him by his hair, (K,) or by the hair of each side of his head, (TA,) and struck his forehead with his knee. (K, TA.) Hence, in a trad., رَكَبْتُ

أَنْفَهُ بِرُكْبَتِى I struck his nose with my knee. (TA.) And in another trad., أَمَا تَعْرِفُ الأَزْدَ وَرَكْبَهَا اِتَّقِ الأَزْدَ لَا يَأْخُذُوكَ فَيَرْكُبُوكَ [Knowest thou not El-Azd, (the tribe so called,) and their striking with the knee? Beware thou of El-Azd, lest they take thee, and strike thee with their knees]: for this practice was notorious among El-Azd; in the dial. of whom, أُمُّ كَيْسَانَ was a metonymical appellation of the knee. (TA.) A3: رُكِبَ, like عُنِىَ, [pass. in form, but neut. in signification,] He (a man) had a complaint of his knee. (TA.) A4: رَكِبَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. رَكَبٌ, (TA,) He was large in the knee. (K.) 2 ركّبهُ الفَرَسَ, [inf. n. as below,] He lent him the horse, [or mounted him on the horse,] to go forth on a warring and plundering expedition, on the condition of receiving from him one half of the spoil: (K, * TA:) or for a portion of the spoil that he should obtain. (TA.) [See also 4.]

b2: And ركّبهُ, inf. n. تَرْكِيبٌ, He put, or set, one part of it upon another: (K:) [he set it, or fixed it, in another thing: he composed it; constituted it; or put it together.] تَرْكِيبٌ signifies The putting together, or combining, things, whether suitable or not, or placed in order or not: it is a more general term than تَأْلِيفٌ, which is the collecting together, or putting together, suitable things. (Kull p. 118.) You say, رَكَّبَ الفَصَّ فِى

الخَاتَمِ (S, A) He set the stone in the signet-ring: and ركّب السِّنَانَ فِى القَنَاةِ He fixed the spearhead in the shaft; (A;) and النَّصْلَ فِى السَّهْمِ [the arrow-head in the shaft]. (S.) And شَىْءٌ حَسَنُ التَّرْكِيبِ [A thing good, or beautiful, in respect of composition or constitution; well, or beautifully, composed or constituted or put together]. (TA.) b3: Also He removed it from one place to another in which to plant it; namely, a shoot of a palm-tree. (Mgh.) 4 اركب He (a colt) became fit for being ridden; attained to the fit time for being ridden. (S, Msb, K.) [See also مُرْكِبٌ.]

A2: اركبهُ He gave him, appointed him, or assigned him, an animal on which to ride. (S.) [See also 2.] b2: أَرْكَبَنِى خَلْفَهُ [He mounted me, or made me to ride, behind him]. (A.) And أَرْكَبَنِى مَرْكَبًا فَارِهًا [He mounted me on a quick, brisk, sharp, or strong, beast]. (A.) b3: [Hence, اركبهُ أَمْرًا (assumed tropical:) He made him to venture upon, embark in, or undertake, an affair. And اركبهُ ذَنْبًا (assumed tropical:) He made him to commit a sin, or crime, or the like.]5 تركّب It had one part of it put, or set, upon another; as also ↓ تراكب: (K:) [it was, or became, composed, constituted, or put together: see 2.] You say, تركّب الفَصُّ فِى الخَاتَمِ [The stone was set in the signet-ring]: and تركّب النَّصْلُ فِى السَّهْمِ [The arrow-head was fixed in the shaft]. (S.) 6 تراكب: see 1: and 5. You say, تراكب السَّحَابُ The clouds were, or became, [heaped, or piled, up,] one above, or upon, [or overlying,] another; as also تراكم. (TA.) 8 إِرْتَكَبَ see 1, in eight places.10 استركبهُ فَأَرْكَبَهُ [He asked him to give him, appoint him, or assign him, an animal on which to ride, and he gave him, appointed him, or assigned him, one]. (A.) رَكْبٌ: see رَاكِبٌ, in three places.

رَكَبٌ The عَانَة: (ISk, Msb, K:) or the place of growth of the عَانَة, (S, K,) or of the hair of the عَانَة: (Mgh:) [i. e. it signifies the pubes; either as meaning the hair of the mons Veneris, or the mons Veneris itself: generally the latter; and this is often meant by the term عانة alone:] or the part that slopes down from the belly, and is beneath the ثُنَّة [q. v.] and above the pudendum: in all these senses said by Lh to be masc.: (TA:) or the pudendum (Az, Msb, K) itself: (TA:) or the external portion thereof: (K:) or the رَكَبَانِ are the roots of the two thighs, upon which is the flesh of the pudendum, (K, TA,) or upon which are the two portions of flesh of the pudendum: (TA:) the ركب is masc.: (Msb:) it is common to the man and the woman, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, *) accord. to Fr: (S, Msb:) or peculiar to the woman, (S, Mgh, K,) accord. to Kh: (S:) ElFarezdak makes it plainly common to both, saying, حِينَ التَقَى الرَّكَبُ المَحْلُوقُ بِالرَّكَبِ [When the shaven pubes met the pubes]: (TA: [and a similar ex. is given in the S and Msb, as cited by Fr:]) the pl. is أَرْكَابٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and أَرَاكِيبُ; (K;) the latter being pl. of the former; but in some copies of the K أَرَاكِبُ, like مَسَاجِدُ. (TA.) A2: Also Whiteness in the رُكْبَة [or knee]. (TA.) رَكْبَةٌ A single ride, or act of riding: pl. رَكَبَاتٌ. (IAth, L.) b2: [Hence,] one says, هُوَ يَمْشِى الرَّكْبَةَ (tropical:) [i. e. يَرْكَبُ رَأْسَهُ He goes at random, heedlessly, or in a headlong manner, &c., (see 1,)] and هُمْ يَمْشُونَ الرَّكَبَاتِ (tropical:) [They go at random, &c.]. (A. [The meaning is there indicated by the context, and is shown by what here follows.]) Respecting the phrase تمْشُونَ الرَّكَبَاتِ, occurring in a trad., meaning تَرْكَبُونَ رُؤُوسَكُمْ (assumed tropical:) [Ye go at random, &c.], in that which is false, wrong, or vain, and in factions, or seditions, or the like, following one another without consideration, IAth says that رَكْبَةٌ [properly] signifies as explained above in the first sentence of this paragraph, and that the pl. الركبات is here governed in the accus. case by a verb understood, and [with that verb] is a denotative of state relating to the agent in تمشون: it supplies the place of that verb, which it does not require to be expressed; and the implied meaning is تَمْشُونَ تَرْكَبُونَ الرَّكَبَاتِ. (L.) رُكْبَةٌ a word of well-known meaning, (S, Msb,) [The knee; i. e., in a man,] the joint between the lower parts of the thigh and the upper parts of the shank: (A, K:) or [in a quadruped,] the joint between the metacarpus and the radius (مَوْصِلُ الوَظِيفِ وَالذِّرَاعِ): this is the right explanation: in the K, مَوْضِع is erroneously put for مَوْصِل: [this explanation is evidently given accord. to the terms employed in the anatomy of quadrupeds as compared to human beings: in that which next follows, there is certainly an omission, which I have endeavoured to supply:] or the رُكْبَتَانِ of the fore legs of the camel are the two joints that [project forwards, in like manner as do, in the hind legs, those that] are next the belly [meaning the stifle-joints] when he lies down upon his breast with folded legs: the two joints that project behind [in the hind legs, namely, the hocks,] are called the عُرْقُوبَانِ: in every quadruped, the ركبتان are in the fore legs, and the عرقوبان are in the hind legs: and the عرقوب is what is called مَوْصِلُ الوَظِيفِ [i. e. the upper joint of the metatarsus]: (TA:) or the ركبة is the مِرْفَق [which in a man is the elbow, but here seems to mean the lower joint] of the ذِرَاع [or radius] of anything [i. e. of any beast]: (K:) [from its being said in the S and Msb that the رُكْبَة is “ well known,” I conclude that there is no real discrepancy in the foregoing explanations: it is perhaps needless to add that the term رُكْبَة is now universally applied to the knee of a man and to what we commonly call the knee of a horse and the like:] the pl. is رُكَبٌ, (S, Msb, K,) i. e. the pl. of mult., and the pl. of pauc. is رُكْبَاتٌ and رُكَبَاتٌ and رُكُبَاتٌ. (S.) Lh mentions the phrase بَعِيرٌ مُسْتَوْقِحُ الرُّكَبِ [meaning A hardkneed camel]; as though the term رُكْبَةٌ were applied to each part, and the pl. used accord. to this application. (TA.) b2: One says [of an agitating affair or event], أَمْرٌ اصْطَكَّتْ فِيهِ الرُّكَبُ وَحَكَّتْ فِيهِ الرُّكْبَةُ الرُّكَبَةَ (tropical:) [An affair, or event, in which the knees knocked together, and in which the knee rubbed the knee]. (A.) b3: And of one who has the mark of prostration in prayer on his forehead, between his eyes, (L,) بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ مِثْلُ رُكْبَةِ العَنْزِ [Between his eyes is the like of the knee of the she-goat]. (A, * L.) And of any two things that are alike, or correspondent, هُمَا كَرُكْبَتَى العَنْزِ [They are like the two knees of the she-goat]; because her two knees fall together upon the ground when she lies down. (L.) b4: And it is said in a prov., شَرُّ النَّاسِ مَنْ مِلْحُهُ عَلَى رُكعبَتِهِ [The worst of men is he whose fat is upon his knee]: applied to him who is quickly angered; and to the perfidious: (Meyd, TA:) the phrase مِلْحُهُ عَلَى رُكْبَتِهِ is also used as meaning The smallest thing makes him angry: (TA:) and a poet says, لَا تَلُمْهَا إِنَّهَا مِنْ عُصْبَةٍ

مِلْحُهَا مَوْضُوعَةٌ فَوْقَ الرُّكَبْ [Blame her not; for she is of a set of people whose fat is placed above the knees: perhaps meaning, for she is but a woman; as women are generally fat in the part above the knee]: (TA:) or مِنْ نِسْوَةٍ [in the place of مِنْ عُصْبَةٍ], meaning of women whose object of anxiety, or care, is fatness and fat: (Meyd, TA:) so that the prov. seems to mean that the worst of men is he who has not such intelligence as bids him to do that which is praiseworthy, but only bids him to do that in which is inconstancy and levity, and an inclining to the dispositions of women, to the love of fatness and fat. (Meyd.) [See other explanations in art. ملح.]

A2: Also The lower part (أَصْل) of the plant صِلِّيَانَة, when it has been cut. (K.) رِكْبَةٌ A mode, or manner, of riding. (S.) Yousay, هُوَ حَسَنُ الرِّكْبَةِ He has a good mode, or manner, of riding. (A, * TA.) b2: [It is said in the K to be a subst. from رَكِبَهُ; as though signifying A riding.]

رَكَبَةٌ A company of riders upon camels, (K,) or of owners of camels on a journey, or travellers upon camels, exclusively of other beasts, (S,) but less in number than the company called رَكْبٌ: (S, K:) [and probably also a company of riders upon any beasts, but less than what is called رَكْبٌ:] accord. to MF, it is a pl. of رَاكِبٌ. (TA.) [See also أُرْكُوبٌ.]

رَكْبَى and رَكْبَاةٌ: see رَكُوبٌ.

رَكَبُوتٌ and رَكَبُوتَى: see رَكُوبٌ.

رَكْبَانَةٌ: see رَكُوبٌ, in two places.

رِكَابٌ [Travelling-camels, used for riding; i. e.] camels (S, K, TA) upon which people journey; (S, TA;) i. q. مَطِىٌّ: (Msb:) or camels fit for carrying: (Har p. 22:) it has no proper sing.: (S:) the word used for the sing. is رَاحِلَةٌ: (S, Msb, K:) or, as ISh says, in the “ Book of Camels,” رِكَابٌ and عِيرٌ are applied to camels that go forth for corn (طَعَام) to be brought back upon them, both when they go forth and after they have come back: and the former term is applied also to camels upon which people journey to Mekkeh, on which مَحَامِل are borne: and hired [or other] camels that carry the goods and corn of merchants: but camels are not called عير, though bearing corn, [unless] if hired: [I insert the words “ or other ” and “ unless ” because it is further said,] عير are not those that bring corn for their owners; but these are called رِكَابٌ: (L, TA:) the pl. is رُكُبٌ, (S, K,) accord. to A'Obeyd, (TA,) and رِكَابَاتٌ and رَكَائِبُ; (K;) or, accord. to IAar, رُكُبٌ is not pl. of رِكَابٌ; and others say that it is pl. of ↓ رَكُوبٌ, signifying any beast on which one rides, [an epithet] of the measure فَعُولٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; (TA;) but called by ISd a subst.; (TA voce جَزُوزٌ;) and ↓ رَكُوبَةٌ is a more special term than رَكُوبٌ. (TA in the present art.) b2: [Hence,] رِكَابُ السَّحَابِ (tropical:) [The bearers of the clouds; i. e.] the winds. (A, K.) Umeiyeh says, تَرَدَّدُ وَالرِّيَاحُ لَهَا رِكَابُ [It (referring to a cloud) goes to and fro (تَرَدَّد being for تَتَرَدَّدُ), the winds being its bearers]. (TA.) A2: Also [The stirrup of a horse's saddle;] a well-known appertenance of a horse's saddle; (S;) the same with respect to a horse's saddle as the غَرْز with respect to a camel's: pl. رُكُبٌ. (K.) رَكُوبٌ and ↓ رَكُوبَةٌ: see رِكَابٌ: both signify A beast that is ridden: (S:) or a she-camel that is ridden: (K:) or the latter has this meaning: and is metaphorically applied to anything ridden: (Msb:) or the former signifies any beast that is ridden: and the latter is a name for everything that is ridden; applied to one, and to a pl. number: (TA:) or the former signifies ridden, as a fem. epithet: and the latter, one specially appointed for riding; and that is constantly kept to work; of beasts (K, TA) of any kind: (TA:) and the latter and ↓ رَكْبَانَةٌ and ↓ رَكْبَاةٌ and ↓ رَكَبُوتٌ (K) and ↓ رَكْبَى and ↓ رَكَبُوتَى, (K * and TA in art. حلب, [see حَلُوبٌ in several places,]) a she-camel that is ridden; or that is broken, trained, or rendered submissive or manageable: (K:) or رَكُوبٌ has this last signification, accord. to Az: and its pl. is رُكُبٌ: (TA:) the pl. of رَكُوبَةٌ being رَكَائِبُ: (TA voce جَزُوزٌ:) and ↓ رَكْبَانَةٌ signifies [also] a she-camel fit to be ridden; (S, TA;) like as حَلْبَانَةٌ signifies fit to be milked: the ا and ن are [said to be] added in order to give intensiveness to the signification: (TA:) [and all the other epithets mentioned above seem also, accord. to some, to have an intensive sense: see حَلُوبٌ.] You say, مَا لَهُ رَكُوبَةٌ وَلَا حَمُولَةٌ وَلَا حَلُوبَةٌ He has not a she-camel to ride, nor one to carry burdens, nor one to be milked. (S, TA.) b2: Also بَعِيرٌ رَكُوبٌ A camel having marks of galls, or sores, on his back, produced by the saddle. (TA.) b3: And طَرِيقٌ رَكُوبٌ A road ridden upon, (S, TA,) and trodden so as to be rendered even, or easy to be travelled. (TA.) A2: See also رَكَّابٌ.

رَكِيبٌ One who rides with another; a fellowrider. (K.) رَكِيبُ السُّعَاةِ, mentioned in a trad., and there promised a place in Hell, means He who accompanies tyrannical عُمَّال [or collectors of the poor-rates]. (TA.) b2: See also مَرَكَّبٌ. b3: نَخْلٌ رَكِيبٌ (K) and رَكِيبٌ مِنْ نَخْلٍ (TA) Palmtrees planted in a row by a rivulet, or not by a rivulet. (K, TA.) A2: Also A مَشَارَة, (K,) i. e. سَاقِيَة [or channel of water for irrigation]: (TA:) or a rivulet between [two pieces of sown ground such as are termed] دَبْرَتَانِ: (K:) or between two gardens of palm-trees and grape-vines: (so accord. to the text of the K in the TA:) or what is between two gardens of palm-trees and grape-vines: (so accord. to the CK and my MS. copy of the K:) or grape-vines between two rivers or rivulets: (TA:) or a place of seed-produce: (K:) or a clear, or cleared, piece of land, in which one sows: (T:) pl. رُكُبٌ. (K.) b2: [Hence,] أَهْلُ الرَّكِيبِ The people who stay, or dwell, by water; syn. الحُضَّارُ. (TA.) رُكَيْبٌ dim. of رَكْبٌ. (TA.) See رَاكِبٌ.

رَكُوبَةٌ: see رَكُوبٌ.

زَيْتٌ رِكَابِىٌّ [Olive-oil:] so called because brought on camels from Syria. (S, A, * K.) رَكَّابٌ and ↓ رَكُوبٌ, applied to a man, (K, TA,) the latter on the authority of Th, (TA,) signify the same, (K, TA,) Who rides much; a great rider: and so رَكَّابَةٌ applied to a woman. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] رَكَّابٌ لِلْأُمُورِ (assumed tropical:) A man who surmounts, or masters, affairs; [or who often does so; or accustomed to embark in, or undertake, or to surmount, or master, them; or who often embarks in, or undertakes, them, and therefore surmounts, or masters, them;] by his knowledge, and repeated experience, and good judgment. (K and TA in art. طلع.) عَلاهُ الرُّكَّابُ (tropical:) The nightmare, or incubus, came upon him. (A.) رَكَّابَةٌ: see the latter part of the next paragraph.

رَاكِبٌ Riding; or a rider: (Mgh, Msb, K:) or properly only a rider upon a camel: (ISk, S, K:) or the latter is its meaning when it is not used as a prefixed noun, as explained below; and is said to be the original signification: IB says that it may signify a rider upon a camel, ass, horse, or mule, when used as a prefixed noun; as when you say رِاكِبُ جَمَلٍ and رَاكِبُ حِمَارٍ &c.: (L:) accord. to ISk, you term a rider upon an ass فَارِسٌ عَلَى حِمَارٍ, (S, TA,) and a rider upon a mule فَارِسٌ عَلَى بَغْلٍ; (TA;) but 'Omarah says, I do not call the owner or rider of the ass فارس, but حَمَّارٌ; and the reason of his saying so is manifest, for فارس is an epithet of the measure فَاعِلٌ from الفَرَسُ “ the horse,” meaning “ an owner, or a rider, of the horse: ” (S, TA:) the pl. is رُكَّابٌ (S, K) and رُكْبَانٌ (S, * Mgh, Msb, K) and رُكُوبٌ (Mgh, K) and رِكَبَةٌ, (K,) or this last is a mistake for رَكَبَةٌ [q. v.], (MF, TA,) and ↓ رَكْبٌ, (Akh, Msb, K, TA,) as some say; (TA;) or this last is a quasi-pl. n., (K, TA,) not a broken pl. of رَاكِبٌ; (TA;) and signifies riders upon camels; (K;) or owners of camels on a journey, or travellers upon camels; (S;) consisting of ten or more: (S, K:) and sometimes it signifies riders upon horses: (IB, K:) or riders upon horses and camels: (IB, L, TA:) or a company of riders upon horses; or upon horses and camels: (TA:) [or, accord. to Kh, riders upon any beasts: (De Sacy's Anthol. Gram. Ar. p. 54 of the Arabic text:)] in the Kur viii. 43, الرَّكْبُ may signify the riders upon horses, or the riders upon camels, or the army composed of both these: (TA:) the pl. of رَكْبٌ is أَرْكُبٌ, (S, K,) [a pl. of pauc.,] and رُكُوبٌ. (K.) Accord. to IB, you do not say إِبِلٍ ↓ رَكْبُ nor رُكْبَانُ إِبِلٍ: but it is said that رُكَّابُ إِبِلٍ and رُكَّابُ خَيْلٍ &c. are allowable. (L.) An instance of رُكْبَان as distinguished from فُرْسَان occurs in a verse cited as one of the exs. of the preposition بِ. (TA.) ↓ رُكَيْبٌ [properly signifying A small company of riders upon camels, &c.,] occurs as meaning collectors of the poorrates: it is the dim. of ↓ رَكْبٌ; and shows that this latter is not a pl. [properly speaking] of رَاكِبٌ; for, were it so, the word used as its dim. would be رُوَيْكِبُونَ. (TA.) [See also رَكَبَةٌ, and أُرْكُوبٌ.] b2: [Also A person on board of a ship or boat: pl. رُكَّابٌ.] You say رُكَّابُ السَّفِينَةِ (S, TA) The persons on board of the ship, or boat: and رُكَّابُ المَآءِ the voyagers upon the water: and Ibn-Ahmar has used in this sense the pl. رُكْبَانٌ; but it is said that this is not allowable; nor is أُرْكُوبٌ; nor رَكْبٌ. (TA.) b3: Also, and ↓ رَاكُوبٌ, (assumed tropical:) A shoot germinating upon the trunk of a palm-tree, not having any root in the ground: (S:) or a shoot on the upper part of a palm-tree, hanging down, but not reaching the ground; and so ↓ رَاكِبَةٌ and ↓ رَاكُوبَةٌ and ↓ رَكَّابَةٌ: (K:) or, as some say, the last of these words is not thus applied, but means a woman “ who rides much: ”

AHn, however, says that it signifies a palm-shoot, or the like thereof, growing forth at the top of the trunk of a palm-tree, and, in some instances, bearing with its mother; but when it is cut off, it is better for the mother: and رَاكِبٌ is also explained in the L as meaning small palm-trees that grow forth at the lower parts of large palmtrees: (TA:) or it means a shoot of a palm-tree not cut off from its mother: (Ham p. 66:) accord. to As, when a palm-shoot grows from the trunk, and does not adhere to the ground, it forms a vile kind of palm-tree; and the Arabs call it رَاكِبٌ and ↓ رَاكُوبٌ: the pl. of this last [and of ↓ رَاكُوبَةٌ] is رَوَاكِيبُ. (TA.) b4: رُكْبَانُ السُّنْبُلِ means (tropical:) What first appear, or grow forth, from the قُنْبُع, (A, K, TA,) i. e. the envelope of the grain, (TA,) of the ear of wheat. (K, TA.) b5: رَاكِبٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The head [or summit] of a mountain (جَبَل), as in [most of] the copies of the K; in some of which is found حَبْل [or rope]. (TA.) رَاكِبَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph. b2: Also sing. of رَوَاكِبُ (TA) which signifies (tropical:) Streaks [or layers] of fat, (A, K, TA,) overlying one another, (K, TA,) in the fore part of a camel's hump: those in the hinder part are called رَوَادِفُ, (A, K, TA,) of which the sing. is رَادِفَةٌ. (TA.) رَاكُوبٌ and رَاكُوبَةٌ: see رَاكِبٌ, latter part, in four places.

أَرْكَبُ Large in the رُكْبَة [or knee]. (S, K.) b2: A camel having one of his knees larger than the other. (S, K.) أُرْكُوبٌ A company of riders upon camels, (K,) or of owners of camels on a journey, or of travellers upon camels, exclusively of other beasts, (S,) but more in number than the company called رَكْبٌ: (S, K:) pl. أَرَاكِيبُ. (TA.) [See also رَكَبَةٌ.]

مَرْكَبٌ an inf. n. of رَكِبَ. (A, K, TA.) b2: And also a noun of place [properly signifying A place of riding, &c.]. (TA.) [Hence, Anything upon which one rides; and upon, or in, which one is borne or carried:] one of the مَرَاكِب of the land; and [more commonly] of the sea: (S, K:) [i. e.] a beast [on which one rides]; (A, TA;) and a vessel, i. e. a ship or boat: (A, Mgh, Msb, TA:) a saddle; and any kind of vehicle borne by a camel or other beast: (the lexicons passim:) مَرَاكِبُ is the pl. (Mgh, Msb.) Yousay, نِعْمَ المَرْكَبُ الدَّابَّةُ [Excellent, or most excellent, is the thing upon which one rides, the beast]. (A.) And جَآءَتْ مَرَاكِبُ اليَمَنِ The vessels, or the ships or boats, of El-Yemen came. (A.) b3: [And hence المَرْكَبُ as the name of (assumed tropical:) The principal star (a) of Pegasus; because in the place of the saddle.]

مُرْكِبٌ A colt that has become fit for being ridden. (TA.) And دَابَّةٌ مُرْكِبَةٌ A beast that has attained the age at which one may ride him during a warring and plundering expedition. (TA.) مُرَكَّبٌ A man to whom a horse is lent for a portion of the spoil that he may obtain: (IAar, TA:) or a man who borrows a horse upon which to go forth on a warring and plundering expedition, and who receives one half of the spoil, the other half being for the lender: (K:) or one to whom a horse has been given for him to ride, and who has put his foot into the stirrup. (A.) [Also] Weak in the art of horsemanship, or the management of horses, and the riding of them. (Ham p. 441.) b2: [Also Put, or set, one part upon another: set, or fixed, in another thing: composed; constituted; or put together: see its verb, 2.] The stone [set] in the signet-ring is termed مُرَكَّبٌ and ↓ رَكِيبٌ; and so the arrowhead [fixed] in the shaft: (S:) or رَكِيبٌ signifies, (K, TA,) as a subst., (TA,) a thing set (مُرَكَّبٌ) in a thing, such as a ring-stone in the bezel, or collet, of the signet-ring. (K, * TA.) A2: Also (tropical:) Origin: and place of growth or germination or vegetation. (S, K, TA.) You say, فُلَانٌ كَرِيمُ المُرَكَّبِ (tropical:) Such a one is generous, or noble, in respect of the origin of his rank among his people. (S, A. *)

بيض

1 بَاضَهُ, (S, K,) first Pers\. بِضْتُ, (M,) aor. ـِ for which one should not say يَبُوضُ, [though it would be agreeable with a general rule respecting verbs denoting surpassingness,] (S, O,) He surpassed him in whiteness. (S, M, O, K.) A2: بَاضَتْ, (S, M, Msb, K, except that in the M and Msb we find the masc. form, بَاضَ, followed by الطَّائِرُ,) aor. ـِ (Msb,) inf. n. بَيْضٌ, (M, Msb,) said of an ostrich, (M,) or a hen, (K,) or any bird, (S, M, Msb,) and the like, (Msb,) She laid her eggs, (M, Msb, TA,) or egg. (Msb.) b2: بَاضَ السَّحَابُ (tropical:) The clouds rained. (IAar, O, K.) A poet says, [using a phrase from which this application of the verb probably originated,] بَاضَ النَّعَامُ بِهِ فَنَفَّرَ أَهْلَهُ

إِلَّا المُقِيمَ عَلَى الدَّوَى المُتَأَفِّنِ (IAar,) i. e. (tropical:) The نعام, meaning the نَعَائِم, [or Twentieth Mansion of the Moon,] sent down rain upon it, and so put to flight its occupants, except him who remained incurring the risk of dying from disease, wasting away: [the last word being in the gen. case, by poetic license, because the next before it is in that case; like خَرِبٍ in the phrase هٰذَا جُحْرُ ضَبٍّ خَرِبٍ:] the poet is describing a valley rained upon and in consequence producing herbage; for the rain of the asterism called النعائم is in the hot season, [when that asterism sets aurorally, (see مَنَازِلُ القَمَرِ, in art. نزل,)] whereupon there grows, at the roots of the حَلِىّ, a plant called نَشْر, which is poisonous, killing beasts that eat of it: the verse is explained as above by El-Mohellebee: (IB:) or, as IAar says, the poet means rain that falls at the نَوْء [by which we are here to understand the setting aurorally] of النعائم; and that when this rain falls, the wise flees and the stupid remains. (O.) b3: بَاضَ بِالمَكَانِ (tropical:) He remained, stayed, or abode, in the place [like as a bird does in the place where she lays her eggs]. (O, K.) b4: بَاضَتِ الأَرْضُ (assumed tropical:) The earth produced كَمْأَة [or truffles, which are thus likened to eggs]: (A, TA:) or (assumed tropical:) the earth produced the plants that it contained: or (assumed tropical:) it became changed in its greenness to yellowness, and scattered the fruit, or produce, and dried up. (M, TA.) b5: بَاضَ الحَرُّ (tropical:) The heat became vehement, or intense. (S, A, K.) A3: بَاضَ القَوْمَ; &c.: see 8, in three places.2 بيّض, (S, M, K,) inf. n. تَبْيِضٌ, (S,) He whitened a thing; made it white; (S, M;) contr. of سَوَّدَ. (K.) He bleached clothes. (M.) [He whitewashed a wall &c. He tinned a copper vessel or the like.] You say, بَيَّضَ اللّٰهُ وَجْهَهُ [lit., God whitened his face: or may God whiten his face: meaning (tropical:) God rendered his face expressive of joy, or cheerfulness; or rejoiced, or cheered, him: or may God &c.: and also God cleared his character; or manifested his honesty, or the like: or may God &c.: see the contr. سَوَّدَ]. (TA.) And بيّض لَهُ [He left a blank space for it; namely, a word or sentence or the like: probably post-classical]. (TA in art. شمس; &c.) b2: [He wrote out fairly, after having made a first rough draught: in this sense, also, opposed to سَوَّدَ: probably post-classical.] b3: (tropical:) He filled a vessel: (M, A, K: *) or he filled a vessel, and a skin, with water and milk. (S, O.) b4: And (tropical:) He emptied (A, K) a vessel: (A:) thus it bears two contr. significations. (K.) 3 بايضهُ, (S, M,) inf. n. مُبَايَضَةٌ, (TA,) He contended with him for superiority in whiteness. (S, M.) b2: بَايَضَنِى فُلَانٌ (tropical:) Such a one acted openly with me; syn. جَاهَرَنِى: from النَّهَارِ ↓ بَيَاضُ [the whiteness of day, or daylight]. (A, TA.) 4 أَبْيَضَتْ and أَبَاضَتْ She (a woman) brought forth white children: and in like manner one says of a man [أَبْيَضَ and أَبَاضَ, meaning He begat white children]. (M, TA.) b2: See also 9, in two places.8 ابتاض He (a man, S) put upon himself a بَيْضَة [or helmet] (S, K, TA) of iron. (TA.) A2: ابتاضهُمْ He entered into their بَيْضَة [or territory, &c.]: (A, TA:) and ابتاضوا القَوْمَ They exterminated the people, or company of men; they extirpated them; (M, K; *) as also ↓ بَاضُوهُمْ: (M:) and اُبْتِيضُوا [originally اُبْتُيِضُوا; in the CK, incorrectly, ابتَيَضُوا;] They were exterminated, or extirpated, (K, TA,) and their بَيْضَة [or quarter, &c.,] was given up to be plundered: (TA:) and اِبْتَضْنَاهُمْ We smote their بيضة [or collective body, &c.,] and took all that belonged to them by force; as also ↓ بِضْنَاهُمْ: and ↓ بِيضَ الحَىُّ The tribe was so smitten &c. (TA.) 9 ابيضّ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and, by poetic license, اِبْيَضَضَّ, [of which see an ex. voce خَفَضَ, and see also 9 in art. حو,] (M, TA,) inf. n. اِبْيِضَاضٌ, (S, Msb,) It was, or became, white; (S, M, Msb;) contr. of اِسْوَدَّ; (K;) as also ↓ ابياضّ, inf. n. اِبْيِيضَاضٌ;. (S;) contr. of اِسْوَادَّ; (K;) and ↓ أَبَاضَ: which ↓ last also signifies it (herbage or pasture) became white, and dried up. (M, TA.) [You say also, ابيضّ وَجْهُهُ, lit., His face became white: meaning (tropical:) his face became expressive of joy, or cheerfulness; or he became joyful, or cheerful: and also his character became cleared; or his honesty, or the like, became manifested: see 2.]11 إِبْيَاْضَّ see 9.

بَيْضٌ: see بَيْضَةٌ, in three places.

بَيْضَةٌ An egg (Msb) of an ostrich, (Mgh,) and of any bird, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and the like, i. e. of anything that is termed صَمُوخٌ [or having merely an ear-hole] as distinguished from such as is termed أَذُونٌ [or having an ear that is called أُذُنٌ]: so called because of its whiteness: (TA:) n. un. of ↓ بَيْضٌ: (S, M, * Msb, K:) pl. [of the former] بَيْضَاتٌ (M, Sgh, K) and بَيَضَاتٌ, which latter is irreg., (M, Sgh,) and only used by poetic license; (Sgh;) and (of بَيْضٌ, M) بُيُوضٌ. (M, K.) You say, أَفْرَخَتِ البَيْضَةُ The egg had in it a young bird. (ISh.) And أَفْرَخَ بَيْضَةُ القَوْمِ (assumed tropical:) What was hidden, of the affair, or case, of the people, or company of men, became apparent. (ISh.) [See also art. فرخ.] بَيْضَةُ البَلَدِ signifies The egg which the ostrich abandons. (S, M, K.) And hence the saying, هُوَ أَذَلُّ مِنْ بَيْضَةِ البَلَدِ (tropical:) He is more abject, or vile, than the egg of the ostrich which it abandons (S, A, * K) in the desert. (TA.) You say also, هُوَ بَيْضَةُ البَلَدِ in dispraise and in praise. (IAar, Aboo-Bekr, M.) When said in dispraise, it means (tropical:) He is like the egg of the ostrich from which the young bird has come forth, and which the male ostrich has cast away, so that men and camels tread upon it: (IAar, M:) or he is alone, without any to aid him; like the egg from which the male ostrich has arisen, and which he has abandoned as useless: (TA:) or he is an obscure man, or one of no reputation, whose lineage is unknown. (Ham p. 250.) And when said in praise, it means (tropical:) He is like the ostrich's egg in which is the young bird; because the male ostrich in that case protects it: (IAar, M:) or he is unequalled in nobility; like the egg that is left alone: (M:) or he is a lord, or chief: (IAar, M:) or he is the unequalled of the بَلَد [or country or the like], to whom others resort, and whose words they accept: (K:) or he is a celebrated, or wellknown, person. (Ham p. 250.) [See also art. بلد. And for another meaning of بَيْضَةُ البَلَدِ see below.] b2: (tropical:) A helmet of iron, (AO, S, * M, * Mgh, * K, *) which is composed of plates like the bones of the skull, the edges whereof are joined together by nails; and sometimes of one piece: (AO:) so called because resembling in shape the egg of an ostrich: (AO, M, Mgh: *) in this sense, also, n. un. of ↓ بَيْضٌ. (S, K: [in the CK, for والحَدِيدُ we should read والحَدِيدِ.]) This may be meant in a trad. in which it is said that a man's hand is to be cut off for his stealing a بَيْضَة. (Mgh.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A testicle: (S, K:) pl. بِيضَانٌ. (TA.) b4: (tropical:) The bulb of the saffron-plant [&c.]: as resembling an egg in shape. (Mgh.) b5: (assumed tropical:) [A tuber: for the same reason.] b6: (assumed tropical:) A kind of grape of Et-Táïf, white and large. (M.) b7: (tropical:) The core of a boil: as resembling an egg. (M.) b8: (tropical:) The fat of a camel's hump: for the same reason. (M.) b9: بَيْضَةُ البَلَدِ, in addition to its meanings mentioned above, also signifies (assumed tropical:) The white truffle: (O, K:) or simply truffles; syn. الكَمْأَةُ; (TA;) or these are called الأَرْضِ ↓ بَيْضُ. (A.) b10: بَيْضَةٌ also signifies (tropical:) The continent, or container, or receptacle, (حَوْزَة,) of anything. (S, K, TA.) and [hence] بَيْضَةُ الإِسْلَامِ (tropical:) The place [or territory] which comprises El-Islám [meaning the Muslims]; like as the egg comprises the young bird: (Mgh:) or this signifies the congregation, or collective body, of the Muslims. (Az, M.) And بَيْضَةُ القَوْمِ (tropical:) The quarter, tract, region, or district, of the people, or company of men: (S, K:) the heart; or midst, or main part, of the abode thereof: (S, TA:) the principal place of abode (أَصْل) thereof; (M, TA;) the place that comprises them; the place of their government, or regal dominion; and the seat of their دعوة [i. e. دِعْوَة or kindred and brotherhood]: (TA:) the midst of them: (M:) or, as some say, their [kinsfolk such as are termed]

عَشِيرَة: (TA:) but when you say, أَتَاهُمُ العَدُوُّ فِى

بَيْضَتِهِمْ, the meaning is [the enemy came to them in] their principal place of abode (أَصْل), and the place where they were congregated. (TA.) and بَيْضَةُ الدَّارِ (tropical:) The midst of the country or place of abode or the like: (Az, M, TA:) the main part thereof. (TA.) And بَيْضَةُ المُلْكِ i. q. حَوْزَتُهُ (assumed tropical:) [The seat of regal power: or the heart, or principal part, of the kingdom]. (S and K in art. حوز.) b11: بَيْضَةُ الخِدْرِ (M, A, K) (tropical:) The damsel (M, K) of the خدر [or curtain &c.]: (K: [in the CK, جَارِيَتُهَا is erroneously put for جَارِيَتُهُ:]) because she is kept concealed within it. (TA.) You say also, هِىَ مِنْ بَيْضَاتِ الحِجَالِ (tropical:) [She is of the damsels of the curtained bridal canopies]. (A, TA.) بَيْضَةٌ is used by a metonymy to signify (tropical:) A woman, by way of likening her thereto [i. e. to an egg] in colour, and in respect of her being protected as beneath the wing. (B.) [See Kur xxxvii. 47.] b12: بَيْضَةٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) White land, in which is no herbage; opposed to سَوْدَةٌ: (TA:) and ↓ بِيضَةٌ, with kesr, white, smooth land; (K;) thus accord. to IAar, with kesr to the ب: (Sh:) and ↓ أَرْضٌ بَيْضَآءُ signifies smooth land, in which is no herbage; as though herbage blackened land: or untrodden land: as also بَيْضَةٌ. (M.) b13: بَيْضَةُ النَّهَارِ The whiteness of day; [daylight;] i. q. ↓ بَيَاضُهُ; (K;) i. e. its light. (Har p. 222.) Yousay, أَتَيْتُهُ فِى بَيْضَةِ النَّهَارِ I came to him in the whiteness of day. (TA.) b14: بَيْضَةُ الحِرِّ (assumed tropical:) The vehemence, or intenseness, of heat. (M.) And بَيْضَةُ القَيْظِ (tropical:) The most vehement, or intense, heat of summer, or of the hottest period of summer, from the [auroral] rising of الدَّبَرَان to that of سُهَيْل; [i. e., reckoning for the commencement of the era of the Flight, in central Arabia, from about the 26th of May to about the 4th of August, O. S.;] (A, * TA;) as also القَيْظِ ↓ بَيْضَآءُ. (A, TA.) And بَيْضَةُ الصَّيْفِ (assumed tropical:) The main part of the صيف [or summer]: (M, TA:) or the vehement, or intense, heat thereof. (Ham p. 250.) بَيضَةٌ: see بَيْضَةٌ, in the latter part of the paragraph.

بَيَاضٌ Whiteness; contr. of سَوَادٌ; in an animal, and in a plant, and in other things; and, accord. to IAar, in water also; (M;) the colour of that which is termed أَبْيَضُ: (S, Msb, * K:) they said بَيَاضٌ and ↓ بَيَاضَةٌ, (S, M, K,) like as they said مَنْزِلٌ and مَنْزِلَةٌ: (S:) بَيَاضَةٌ being applied to a whiteness in the eye. (M.) You say, هٰذَا أَشَدُّ بَيَاضًا مِنْ كَذَا [This is whiter than such a thing]: (S, K: *) but not ↓ أَبْيَضُ منْهُ: (S:) the latter is anomalous; (K;) [like أَسْوَدُ مِنْهُ; q. v.;] but it was said by the people of El-Koofeh, (S, K,) who adduced as authority the saying of the rájiz, جَارِيَةٌ فِى دِرْعِهَا الفَضْفَاضِ

أَبْيَضُ مِنْ أُخْتِ بَنِى إِبَاضِ [A damsel in her ample shift, whiter than the sister of the tribe of Benoo-Ibád]: Mbr, however, says that an anomalous verse is no evidence against a rule commonly approved: and as to the saying of another, إِذَا الرِّجَالُ شَتَوْا وَاشْتَدَّ أَكْلُهُمُ فَأَنْتَ أَبْيَضُهُمْ سِرْبَالَ طَبَّاخِ [When men experience dearth in winter, and their eating becomes vehement, thou art the whitest of them, or rather the white of them, in respect of cook's clothing, having little or nothing to do with entertaining them], the word in question may be considered as an epithet of the measure أَفْعَلُ that is followed by مِنْ to denote excess: but it is only like the instances in the sayings هُوَ أَحْسَنُهُمْ وَجْهًا and أَكْرَمُهُمْ أَبًا, meaning حَسَنُهُمْ وَجْهًا and كَرِيِمُهُمْ

أَبًا; so it is as though he said فَأَنْتَ مُبْيَضُّهُمْ سِرْبَالًا; and as he has prefixed it to a complement which it governs in the gen. case, what follows is in the accus. case as a specificative. (S.) This latter verse is by Tarafeh, who satirizes therein 'Amr Ibn-Hind; and is also differently related in respect of the first hemistich, and the first word of the second. (L, TA.) b2: بَيَاضُ النَّهَارِ: see 3; and see بَيْضَةٌ, near the end of the paragraph. b3: بَيَاضٌ is also used elliptically for ذُو بَيَاضٍ; and thus means (assumed tropical:) White clothing; as in the saying, فُلَانٌ يَلْبَسُ السَّوَادَ وَالبَيَاضَ Such a one wears black and white clothing. (Mgh.) [Hence, also, it has other significations, here following.] b4: (assumed tropical:) Milk. (K.) See an ex., voce سَوَادٌ. b5: [(assumed tropical:) The white of an egg.] b6: بَيَاضُ الأَرْضِ (assumed tropical:) That part of land wherein is no cultivation nor population and the like. (M.) b7: بَيَاضُ الجِلْدِ (assumed tropical:) That part of the skin upon which is no hair. (M.) b8: (tropical:) بَيَاضٌ also signifies (tropical:) A man's person; like سَوَادٌ; syn. شَخْصٌ; as in the saying, لَا يُزَايِلُ سَوَادِى بَيَاضَكَ (tropical:) My person will not separate itself from thy person. (As, A, TA.) بَيُوضٌ A hen that lays many eggs; (S, M, A, * K; *) as also ↓ بَيَّاضَةٌ: (M:) [but in the Msb it is evidently used as signifying simply oviparous:] pl. (of the former, S, M *) بُيُضٌ (S, M, A, K) and بِيضٌ, (S, M, K,) the latter in the dial. of those who say رُسْلٌ for رُسُلٌ, the ب being with kesr in order that the ى may remain unchanged; (S, M;) but sometimes they said بُوضٌ. (M.) بَيَاضَةٌ: see بَيَاضٌ.

بَائِضٌ A hen, (Az, K,) or bird, (S, Msb,) and the like, (Msb,) laying an egg or eggs: (Az, S, * Msb, K: *) without ة because the cock does not lay eggs: (Az, TA:) or it is applied also to a cock, (M, TA,) and to a crow, (M, A, TA,) [as meaning begetting an egg or eggs,] in like manner as one uses the word وَالِدٌ. (M, TA.) بَيَّاضٌ A bleacher of clothes; as a kind of rel. n.; not as a verbal epithet; for were it this, it would be مُبَيِّضٌ. (M.) b2: A seller of eggs. (M.) b3: بَيَّاضَةٌ: see بَيُوضٌ.

أَبْيَضُ White; contr. of أَسْوَدُ; (A, K;) having whiteness: (Msb:) fem. بَيْضَآءُ: (Msb:) pl. بِيضٌ, originally بُيْضٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the damm being converted into kesr in order that the ى may remain unchanged, (S, K,) [i. e.] to suit the ى. (Msb.) In the phrase أَعْطِنِى أَبْيَضَّهْ, mentioned by Sb, as used by some of the Arabs, meaning أَبْيَضَ, [i. e. Give thou to me a white one,] ه is subjoined as it is in هُنَّهْ for هُنَّ, and the ض is doubled because the letter of declinability cannot have ه subjoined to it; wherefore the letter of declinability is the first ض, and the second is the augmentative, and for this reason it has subjoined to it the ه whereof the purpose is to render plainly perceivable the vowel [which is necessarily added after the doubled ض]: Aboo-'Alee says, [app. of the ه,] that it should properly have neither fet-h nor any vowel. (M.) b2: Applied to a man &c., it was sometimes used to signify White in complexion: but in this sense they generally used the epithet أَحْمَرُ. (IAth, TA in art. حمر.) They also said, فُلَانٌ أَبْيَضُ الوَجْهِ and فُلَانَةُ بَيْضَآءُ الوَجْهِ, meaning Such a man, and such a woman, is clear, in face, from freckles or the like, and unseemly blackness. (Az, TA.) And they used بِيضَانٌ, (S, K,) a pl. of أَبْيَضُ, (TA,) in the contr. of the sense of سُودَانٌ, (S, K,) [i. e. as signifying Whites,] applied to men: (S:) though they applied the appellation أَبُو البَيْضَآءِ to the Abyssinian: (TA in art. عور:) or to the negro: and أَبُو الجَوْنِ to the white man. (ISk.) But accord. to Th, أَبْيَضُ applied to a man signifies only (tropical:) Pure; free from faults: (IAth, TA in art. حمر:) or, so applied, unsullied in honour, nobility, or estimation; (Az, K;) free from faults; and generous: and so بَيْضَآءُ applied to a woman. (Az.) [In the lexicons, however, (see, for ex., among countless other instances, an explanation of بَضَّةٌ in the S,) and in other post-classical works, it is generally used, when thus applied, in its proper sense, of White; or fair in complexion.] b3: كَتِيبَةٌ بَيْضَآءُ An army, or a portion thereof, upon which the whiteness of the [arms or armour of] iron is apparent. (M.) b4: And بَيْضَآءُ alone, [as a subst.,] A piece of paper [without writing]. (Har p. 311.) b5: الأَبْيَضُ The sword: (S, A, K:) because of its whiteness: (TA:) pl. بِيضٌ. (S.) b6: Silver: (A, K:) because of its whiteness: like as gold is called الأَحْمَرُ [because of its redness]. (TA.) b7: The saliva (رضاب) of the mouth. (Ham p. 348.) b8: A certain star in the margin of the milky way. (A, K.) b9: البَيْضَآءُ The sun: because of its whiteness. (M.) b10: Waste, or uncultivated, or uninhabited, land: (K, * TA: [in the CK الجِرابُ is erroneously put for الخَرَابُ:]) opposed to السَّوْدَآءُ: because dead lands are white; and when planted, become black and green. (TA.) See also بَيْضَةٌ, near the end. b11: Wheat: (K:) as also السَّمْرَآءُ. (TA.) b12: Fresh [grain of the kind called] سُلْت. (El-Khattábee, K.) b13: A certain kind of wood; that which is called الحَوَرُ: (K in art. حور:) because of its whiteness. (TA in that art.) [See حَوَرٌ.]

b14: The cooking-pot; as also أُمُّ بَيْضَآءَ. (AA, K.) b15: The snare with which one catches game. (IAar, K.) b16: الأَبْيَضَانِ Milk and water. (ISk, S, M, A, K.) A poet says, وَمَا لِىَ إِلَّا الأَبْيَضَيْنِ شَرَابُ [And I have not any beverage except milk and water]. (ISk, S, M.) b17: Bread and water: (As, M, K:) or wheat and water: (Fr, K:) or fat and milk. (AO, K.) b18: Fat and youthfulness (Az, IAar, M, A, K.) You say, ذَهَبَ أَبْيَضَاهُ His fat and youthfulness departed. (TA.) b19: مَا رَأَيْتُهُ مُذْ أَبْيَضَانِ I have not seen him for, or during, two days: (Ks, M, A, K:) or two months. (Ks, M, K.) b20: أَيَّامُ البِيضِ, (Msb, K,) or simply البِيضُ, (Mgh,) for أَيَّامُ اللَّيَالِى البِيضِ; [The days of the white nights;] i. e. the days of the thirteenth and fourteenth and fifteenth nights of the month; (Mgh, Msb, K;) so called because they are lighted by the moon throughout: (Msb:) or of the twelfth and thirteenth and fourteenth nights: (K:) but this is of weak authority, and extr.: the former is the correct explanation: (MF, TA:) you should not say الأَيَّامُ البِيضُ: (Ibn-El-Jawá- leekee, IB, K:) yet thus it is in most relations of a trad. in which it occurs; and some argue for it; and the author of the K has himself explained الأَوَاضِحُ by الأَيَّامُ البِيضُ. (TA.) b21: سَنَةٌ بَيْضَآءُ (assumed tropical:) A year [of scarcity of herbage,] such as is a mean between that which is termed شَهْبَآء and that which is termed حَمْرَآء. (TA in art. شهب.) b22: كَلَامٌ

أَبْيَضُ (tropical:) Language expounded or explained. (M.) b23: كَلَّمْتُهُ فَمَا رَدَّ عَلَىَّ سَوْدَآءَ وَلَا بَيْضَآءَ (tropical:) I spoke to him, and he did not return to me a bad word nor a good one. (M.) b24: يَدٌ بَيْضَآءُ (assumed tropical:) A demonstrating, or demonstrated, argument, plea, allegation, or evidence. (M.) b25: And (assumed tropical:) A favour, or benefit, for which one is not reproached; and which is conferred without its being asked. (M.) [See also يَدٌ.] b26: المَوْتُ الأَبْيَضُ (assumed tropical:) Sudden death; (K, TA;) such as is not preceded by disease which alters the complexion: or, as some say, death without the repentance, and the prayer for forgiveness, and the accomplishment of necessary duties, usual with him who is not taken unawares; from بَيَّضَ signifying “ he emptied ” a vessel: so says Sgh: opposed to المَوْتُ الأَحْمَرُ, which is slaughter. (TA.) b27: بَيْضَآءُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) A calamity, or misfortune: (Sgh, K:) app. as a term of good omen; like سَلِيمٌ applied to one who is stung by a scorpion or bitten by a serpent. (TA.) b28: بَيْضَآءُ القَيْظِ: see بَيْضَةٌ, last sentence but one.

A2: هٰذَا أَبْيَضُ مِنْ كَذَا; &c.: see بَيَاضٌ.

مَبِيضٌ A place for laying eggs. (ISd, TA in art. فحص.) مُبِيضَةٌ A woman who brings forth white children: the contr. is termed مُسْوِدَةٌ: (Fr, K:) but مُوضِحَةٌ is more commonly used in the former sense. (O.) مُبْيَضَّةٌ The fair copy, or transcript, made from a first rough draught; which latter is called مُسْوَدَّةٌ: probably post-classical.]

مُبَيِّضٌ A man wearing white clothing. (TA.) b2: Hence, المُبَيِّضَةُ A sect of [the class called] the ثَنَوِيَّة, (S, K,) the companions of المُقَنَّع; (S;) so called because they made their clothes white, in contradistinction to the مُسَوِّدَة, the partisans of the dynasty of the 'Abbásees; (S, K, *) for the distinction of these was black: they dwelt in Kasr 'Omeyr. (TA.) [See also الحَرُورِيَّةُ.]

دفل

دِفْلٌ: see the following paragraph.

A2: Also i. q. قَطِرَانٌ and زِفْتٌ [both app. here meaning Tar, or liquid pitch]: (K:) or such as is thick: mentioned in this art. by IF, and also as written with ذ. (TA.) دِفْلَى, (T, S, M, K, &c.,) accord. to those who make the alif to be a sign of the fem. gender; and دِفْلًى, accord. to those who make that letter to be one of quasi-coordination; used alike as a sing. and a pl.; (S;) and ↓ دِفْلٌ; (Ibn-'Abbád, K;) [the first of these appellations applied in the present day to The rose-bay, or laurel-bay; oleander, nerium oleander, rhododendron, or rhododaphne: and also to the common laurel:] a certain tree, (T, M,) or plant, (S, K,) bitter, (T, S, M, K,) very bitter, (TA,) and poisonous, (T,) green, and beautiful in appearance, the blossom of which is beautifully tinged, (M,) called in Persian خَرْزَهْرَهْ: (K:) there is a river-kind, and a land-kind: the leaves are like those of the حَمْقَآء [or gardenpurslane], but more slender; and the branches, or twigs, are long, spreading over the ground; at the leaves are thorns; and it grows in waste places: the river-kind grows upon the banks of rivers; its thorns are unconspicuous, or unapparent; its leaves are like those of the خِلَاف [or salix Aegyptia] and of the almond, broad; and the upper part of its stem is thicker than the lower part thereof: (TA:) it is very deadly: its blossom is like the red rose, (K,) very rough (خشن جدّا [but this I think is a mistranscription for حَسَنٌ جِدًّا very beautiful], and upon it is a kind of tuft like hair: (TA:) its fruit is like the خُرْنُوب [q. v.]; (K;) having an aperient, or a deobstruent, property; and stuffed with a substance like wool: (TA:) it is good for the mange, or scab, and the itch (حِكَّة), used in the manner of a liniment, (K,) and especially the expressed juice of its leaves; (TA;) and for pain of the knee and the back, (K,) of long duration, (TA,) applied in the manner of a poultice, or plaster; and for expelling fleas and the [insect called] أَرَض, by the sprinkling of a decoction thereof; and the rubbing over with the heart thereof twelve times, after cleansing, is good for removing the [malignant leprosy termed] بَرَص; (K;) and its leaves put upon hard tumours are very beneficial: but it is a poison: [yet] sometimes it is mixed with wine and rue, and given to be drunk, and saves from the poisons of venomous reptiles: the Ra-ees [Ibn-Seenà, or Avicenna,] says that it is perilous by itself, and its blossom, to men, and to horses and the like, and to dogs, but is beneficial when made into a decoction with rue, and drunk: (TA:) IAar says that the [trees termed] آء and أَلَآء and حبر [app. a mistranscription for خَبْر, a species of lote-tree,] are all called دِفْلَى. (T.) AHn says that the زَنْد made from the دِفْلَى is excellent for producing fire: and hence the prov., اِقْدَحْ بِدِفْلَى فِى مَرْخِ ثُمَّ شُدَّ بَعْدُ أَوْ أَرْخِ [Endeavour thou to produce fire with wood of the دفلى upon wood of the مرخ: then tighten afterwards or loosen]: (M:) said when one incites a bad man against another bad man: (M, Meyd:) or, accord. to IAar, said in relation to a man whom one needs not to press, or importune. (Meyd.)

نقد

1 نَقَدَ الدَّرَاهِمَ (S, A, L, Msb) aor. ـُ (L, Msb,) inf. n. نَقْدٌ (L, Msb, K) and تَنْقَادٌ; (L, K;) and ↓ انتقدها (S, L, Msb, K) and ↓ تنقّدها; (L, K:) He picked, or separated, the money, or pieces of money, (Lth, L, K,) and put forth the bad; (S, L, K;) he picked, or separated, the good money from the bad: (A:) he examined the money, or pieces of money, to pick, or separate, the good from the bad: (Msb:) and the verbs are used in the same sense with respect to other things than pieces of money. (K.) b2: [نَقَدَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نَقْدٌ, q. v. infra, He gave cash, or ready money; paid in cash, or ready money. Often used in this sense.] b3: نَقَدَهُ الثَّمَنَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نَقْدٌ; He gave him the price in cash, or ready money: (L:) or simply he gave him the price; as also نَقَدَ لَهُ الثَّمَنَ: (A:) and نَقَدَهُ الدَّرَاهِمَ, and نَقَدَ لَهُ الدَّرَاهِم, he gave him the money, or pieces of money. (S, L, Msb.) b4: [Hence, from the first meaning,] نَقَدَ الكَلَامَ, [and الشِّعْرَ,] and so He picked out the faults of the language, [and of the poetry;] syn. نَاقَشَهُ. (TA.) b5: ↓ اِنْتَقَدَ الشِعْرَ عَلَى قَائِلِهِ (tropical:) [He picked out the faults of the poetry and urged them against its author.] (A.) b6: نَقَدَهُ بِنَظَرِهِ, and نَقَدَ إِلَيْهِ, aor. ـُ (L,) inf. n. نَقْدٌ (L, K) (tropical:) He looked furtively at, or towards it: (L, K: *) and so نقده بِعَيْبِهِ: (L:) and نقد بِعَيْنِهِ اليه he continued looking furtively at, or towards, it: you say also, مَا زَالَ بَصَرُهُ يَنْقُدُ إِلَى ذٰلِكَ [his gaze ceased not to be furtively directed at, or towards, that]: as though likened to the look of a man picking, or separating, what is good from what is bad: (A:) and مَا زَالَ يَنْقُدُ بَصَرَهُ إِلَى الشَّىْءِ he ceased not to look at, or towards, the thing. (S, L.) A2: يَقِدَ, (S, L,) [aor. ـَ inf. n. نَقَدٌ; (S, L, K;) and, as some say, نَقَدَ; (S, L;) It (a tooth, S, L, K, and a horn, T, L, and a hoof of a horse or the like, L,) became eroded, (T, S, L, K,) and much broken: (L, K:) and it (the hoof of a horse or the like) sealed off, part after part: (S, L:) it (the trunk of a tree) became wormeaten. (L.) 3 ناقدهُ (tropical:) He reckoned with him to the utmost, syn. نَاقَشَهُ, (S, A, L, K,) فِى أَمْرٍ in, or respecting, an affair, (S, L,) [picking out his faults].4 انقد It (a tree) put forth its leaves. (L, K.) 5 تَنَقَّدَ see 1.8 انتقد الدَّرَاهِمَ He received the money, or pieces of money; (Lth, S, L, Msb, K;) and الثَّمَنَ the price. (A.) b2: See 1.

A2: انتقد It (a worm) ate the trunk of a tree, and rendered it hollow. (L.) A3: He (a boy) grew up into manhood. (K.) نَقْدٌ [properly an inf. n. used in the sense of a pass. part. n., and thus signifying “ paid,” Cash, or ready money: or simply money]. You say نَقْدٌ جَيِّدٌ [Good cash, or ready money: or good money]: pl. نُقُودٌ جِيَادٌ. (A.) التَّقْدَانِ signifies Silver and gold money; dirhems and deenárs. (TA in art. عرض.) b2: نَقْدٌ Payment in cash, or ready money; contr. of نَسْيئَةٌ: (L, K:) the giving of نَقْد [i. e., cash, or ready money]: (K:) [an inf. n.: see 1]. b3: الدِّرْهَمُ نَقْدٌ The piece of money is of full weight, (S, L, K, *) and good. (S, L.) b4: هٰذِهِ مِائَةٌ نَقْدُ النَّاسِ [This is a hundred, ready money of the people] is a phrase used by the Arabs, in which ل is meant to be understood [before النّاس: i. e. الناس is for لِلنَّاسِ; and نَقْدُ for نَقْدٌ, as an epithet of مائة; you may also say نَقْدَ النَاس, making نقد a denotative of state; but] the epithetic mode of construction is that which prevails in this case. (Sb, L.) b5: نَقْدٌ. b6: The saying of the poet, لَتُنْتَجَنَّ وَلَدًا أَوْ نَقْدَا means She will certainly bring forth a she-camel, which shall be a permanent acquisition for breeding, or a male, which shall be sold: for they seldom kept the male camels. (Th, L.) نُقْدٌ (Lh, L, K,) and ↓ نُقُدٌ (K) and ↓ نُقَدٌ. (Lh, Az, L,) the form most frequently heard by Az from the Arabs, (L,) or ↓ نَقَدٌ, (K,) [coll. gen. n.] A certain kind of tree, (Lh, L, K,) accord. to AA, of the description termed خُوصَة, having a blossom resembling the بَهْرَمَان, i. e. the عُصْفُر [or bastard-saffron]; (AHn, L;) its blossom is yellow, and it grows in plain, or soft, grounds: (Az, L:) n. un. with ة; (K;) نُقْدَةٌ (Lh, S, L) and نُقُدَةٌ (TA) and نُقَدَةٌ (Lh, L) and نَقَدَةٌ. (TA.) b2: Also ↓ نُقْدَةٌ, (L,) or ↓ نِقْدَةٌ, (IAar, L, K,) The كَرَوْيَآء [or caraway]. (IAar, L, K.) b3: See نَقِدٌ.

نِقْدٌ: see نَقِدٌ.

نَقَدٌ [a coll. gen. n.] A kind of sheep, of ugly form; (K;) a kind of sheep of El-Bahreyn, having short legs and ugly faces: (S, L:) or a kind of small sheep of El-Hijáz: (L:) or, simply, lambs: (A, L:) [see an ex. in a prov. cited voce شَامَ in art. شيم:] n. un. with ة: (S, L:) applied alike to the male and female: (L:) pl. نِقَادٌ, and [quasi-pl. n.] نِقَادَةٌ. (L, K.) As says, that the best of wool is that of نَقَد. And one says, أَذَلُّ مِنَ النَّقَدِ [More abject, or vile, than the sheep called نقد]. (S, L.) b2: Also, (assumed tropical:) The lower sort of people. (L.) b3: See نُقْدٌ and نَقِدٌ.

نَقِدٌ, (L,) or ↓ نِقْدٌ, (K,) Slow in growing up into manhood, and having little flesh: (L, K:) [and so ↓ نُقْدٌ, accord. to the CK: but ويُضمّ is there put by mistake for وبِضَمٍّ: and the former, (S, L,) or ↓ نَقَدٌ, (K,) a boy despised and little in the eyes of others, that scarcely grows up into manhood; (S, L, K;) sometimes thus applied. (S, L.) b2: نَقِدٌ A horn eaten, or eroded, at the root. (L.) See also نَقِدَ.

نُقُدٌ and نُقَدٌ and نُقْدَةٌ and نِقْدَهٌ: see نُقْدٌ.

نُقَادَةٌ The choice part of a thing. (JK.) b2: هُوَ مِنْ نُقَادَةِ قُوْمِهِ (tropical:) He is of the best of his people. (A.) نَقَّادٌ A shepherd who tends the kind of sheep called نَقَد: (L, K:) or a possessor of skins of that kind of sheep. (Th, L.) b2: See نَاقِدٌ.

نَاقِدٌ [One who picks, or separates, money, and puts forth the bad; who picks, or separates, good money from bad:] who examines money, to pick, or separate the good from the bad: [as also ↓ نَقَّادٌ:] pl. نُقَّادٌ (Msb) [and نَقَدَةٌ]. b2: [نَاقِدُ شِعْرٍ, and ↓ نَقَّادُهُ (tropical:) One who picks out the faults of poetry; and, the ↓ latter, one who is accustomed to do so.]

b3: هُوَ مِنْ نَقَدَةِ الشِّعْرِ and مِنْ نُقَّادِهِ, (tropical:) [He is one of those who pick out the faults of poetry]. (A.) أَنْقَدُ The hedge-hog; القُنْفُذُ; (S, L, K;) a proper name, like أَسَامَةُ applied to the lion: (S:) as also الأَنْقَدُ; (K;) but some disallow the prefixing of the art.; (TA;) and الأَنْقَذُ. (L.) Hence the saying, بَاتَ بِلَيْلِ أَنْقَدَ, (S, L,) or بِلَيْلَةِ أَنْقَدَ, (A, L,) He passed the night of the hedge-hog; i. e. sleepless: (L:) because the hedge-hog remains sleepless (and sees, L) all night: (S, L, K:) and أَسْرَى مِنْ أَنْقَدَ [A greater journeyer by night than the hedge-hog]. (A, L.) b2: أَنْقَدُ لَيْلٍ A calumniator; a slanderer; as also قُنْفُذُ لَيْلٍ. (L, art. قنفذ.) b3: Also, الأَنْقَدُ [L, K,) and ↓ الإِنْقِدَانُ (K) The tortoise: (L, K:) or the latter, the male tortoise: (Lth:) as also with ذ. (TA.) الإِنْقِدَانُ: see preceding sentence.

سمك

1 سَمَكَ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. سُمُوكٌ, It (a thing) rose, or became high or elevated or lofty. (S, K.) b2: And, aor. and inf. n. as above, He ascended. (TA.) One says, اُسْمُكْ فِى الرَّيْمِ Ascend thou the stairs. (S, TA. [See رَيْمٌ.]) A2: and سَمَكَهُ, (S, K,) aor. as above, (TA,) inf. n. سَمْكٌ, He raised, elevated, upraised, or uplifted, it. (S, K.) So in the phrase, سَمَكَ اللّٰهُ السَّمَآءَ [God raised the heaven]. (S.) سَمْكٌ The roof of a house, or chamber: (S, Mgh, * K: *) or the interior uppermost part [i. e. the ceiling] of a house, or chamber; the exterior uppermost part thereof being called صَهْوَةٌ: (Ham p. 725:) or [the height] from the top to the bottom of a house or chamber. (K.) [and hence, The canopy of the heaven or sky: or] the measure of the height of the heaven from the earth: or the thickness thereof, upwards. (Bd in lxxix. 28.) And The stature, or height in a standing posture, or anything: (K:) thus expl. by Lth: one says بِعِيرٌ طَوِيلُ السَّمْكِ [A camel tall of stature]. (TA.) [In the present day, it signifies The extent of anything from top to bottom; its height, depth, and thickness: and is vulgarly pronounced سُمْك.]

سَمَكٌ Fish; syn. حُوتٌ; (K;) a kind of aquatic creatures: [a coll. gen. n.:] n. un. with ة: pl. of the former سِمَاكٌ and سُمُوكٌ. (S, TA.) شَوَى

فِى الحَرِيقِ سَمَكَتَهُ [He broiled his fish in the fire of a burning house] is a post-classical prov. of the people of Baghdád, relating to the concealing, disguising, or cloaking, of a fault, for the purpose of seizing an opportunity; orginating from the fact that the thief used, when he saw the fire of a burning house in a place, to go thither for the purpose of theft; and if it were in his power, he did what he desired; and if he were lighted on, he said, I came to broil a fish. (Mtr, in Har pp. 481-2.) b2: السَّمَكَةُ [is a name of (tropical:) The constellation Pisces; also called السَّمَكَتَانِ;] a certain sign of the Zodiac; (K, TA;) thought by ISd to be so called because it is a watery sign; and also called الحُوتُ. (TA.) سِمَاكٌ A thing with which a thing is raised, elevated, upraised, or uplifted; (K, TA;) whether a wall or a roof: (TA:) pl. سُمُكٌ. (K.) A2: السِّمَاكَانِ is the name of Two bright stars; السِّمَاكُ الأَعْزَلُ and السِّمَاكُ الرَّامِحُ: (S, O, K:) the former is a star [namely a] in Virgo, called by astrologers السُّنْبُلَةُ [or Spica Virginis]; (Kzw;) and is one of the Mansions of the Moon, (S, O, and Kzw in his descr. of the Mansions of the Moon,) the Fourteenth thereof; (Kzw ibid.;) it is one of the أَنْوَآء [pl. of نَوْءٌ, q. v.], and rises aurorally in تِشْرِينُ الأَوَّلُ [October, O. S.; its auroral rising, in Central Arabia, about the commencement of the era of the Flight, began on the 4th of that month]; it is called الا عزل because it has no star [near] before it, like the اعزل that has with him no spear; or, as some say, because, when it rises [aurorally], it is not accompanied by wind nor by cold: (TA:) the latter سِمَاك, i. e. الرَّامِحُ, [thus called for a reason expl. in art. رمح, q. v., is the star Arcturus, and] is not of the Mansions of the Moon, (S, O, TA,) and has not any نَوْء [here meaning supposed influence in bringing rain &c.]; it is towards the north; the former being towards the south; (TA;) and is also called السِّمَاكُ المِرْزَمُ: (Az, TA in art. رمح:) [it is erroneously said that] the سماكان are in the sign of Libra: (TA:) and it is said that they are the two kind legs of Leo (رِجْلَا الأَسَدِ): (S, O, K: *) [for it appears, as I have before observed, (voce ذِرَاعٌ,) that the ancient Arabs, or many of them, extended the figure of Leo (as they did also that of Scorpio) far beyond the limits which we assign to it: and hence,] السماك الا عزل was also called سَاقُ الأَسَدِ [the thigh, or the hind shank, of Leo]. (Kzw in his descr. of Virgo.) The rhyming-proser says, إِذَا طَلَعَ السِّمَاكْ ذَهَبَ العِكَاكْ فَأَصْلِحْ فِنَاكْ وَأَجِدَّ حِذَاكْ فَإِنَّ الشِّتَآءَ قَدْ أَتَاكْ [When السماك rises aurorally, (i. e. السماك الا عزل,) the sultriness has gone, therefore do thou put thy court, or yard, in good condition, and renew thy sandal, for the winter has come to thee: فِنَاك and حِذَاك being contractions of فِنَآءَك and حِذَآءَك, for the sake of the rhyme]. (O, TA.) The نَوْء [here app. meaning the rain consequent upon the auroral setting] of السماك الاعزل [about the 4th of April, O. S. in Central Arabia] is abundant, but disapproved, because it gives growth to the نَشْر [q. v.], which diseases the camels that pasture upon it. (Kzw in his descr. of the Mansions of the Moon.) [The epithet ↓ سِمَاكِىٌّ is applied to the rain above mentioned.] b2: السِّمَاكُ also signifies, (K,) or سِمَاكُ التَّرْقُوَةِ, (Ibn-'Abbád, O,) The upper part of the chest, next to the collar-bone. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) سِمَاكِىٌّ: see the next preceding paragraph.

سُمَيْكَآءُ i. q. حُسَاسٌ; (S, O, K;) i. e. Certain small fish, which are dried; also called هِفٌّ. (O, TA.) سَمَّاكٌ A fishmonger. (MA.) سَنَامٌ سَامِكٌ A high, (S, TA,) or long and high, and plump, (TA,) camel's hump. (S, TA.) b2: شَرَفُكَ تَامِكٌ وَإِقْبَالُكَ سَامِكٌ (tropical:) [Thy nobility is lofty, and thy good fortune is high]. (A and Ta in art. تمك.) المُسْمَكَاتُ The heavens; (K;) which are seven in number: (TA:) or so ↓ المَسْمُوكَاتُ: (S:) or this is wrong; or it is a dial. var.: (K:) the latter word is used by the vulgar, but is correct. (TA.) مِسْمَاكٌ A pole of a [tent such as is called] خِبَآء, (S, K,) which latter is raised thereby. (S.) مَسْمُوكٌ Tall; (IDrd, O, K;) applied to a man. (IDrd, O.) b2: And, applied to a horse, [من الحَبْلِ in the CK being a mistake for مِنَ الخَيْلِ,] (tropical:) Firm (Ibn-'Abbád, Z, O, K, TA) in the [ribs called] جَوَانِح. (Z, TA.) b3: المَسْمُوكَاتُ: see المُسْمَكَاتُ.

بَيْتٌ مُسْتَمِكٌ and ↓ مُنْسَمِكٌ A tall house or tent. (TA.) مُنْسَمِكٌ: see what next precedes.