روح

1 رَاحَ, (S, Msb, K,) sec. Pers\. رِحْتَ, (Msb,) aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. رِيحٌ; (K;) and aor. ـُ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. رَوْحٌ, (Msb,) or رُؤُوحٌ; (TA;) It (a day) was violently windy. (S, Msb, K.) And راح, aor. ـُ inf. n. رُؤُوحٌ, It (a day) was one of good, or pleasant, wind. (TA.) b2: راح, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَوْحٌ, It was, or became, cool and pleasant [by means of the wind]. (L.) It (a house, or tent, the door being opened,) [was, or became, aired by the wind; or] was entered by the wind. (L.) b3: راح الشَّجَرُ The trees felt the wind. (AHn, K.) [See also another meaning below.] b4: [Hence, perhaps,] راح, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَاحٌ, (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, brisk, lively, sprightly, active, agile, prompt, or quick; [as though he felt the wind and was refreshed by it;] (L;) as also ↓ ارتاح: (S, A, L, K:) رَاحٌ and ↓ اِرْتِيَاحٌ signify the same: (S, L, K: [in the CK, الاِرْتِياحِ is erroneously put for الاِرْتِيَاحُ:]) and ↓ اِسْتَرْوَحَ (assumed tropical:) he (a man) became light, or active, and quick; syn. شَمَّرَ. (Msb.) You say, راح لِلشَّىْءِ [and إِلَى الشَّىْءِ] and ↓ ارتاح [and ارتاح بِهِ] (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, brisk, lively, &c, as above, at the thing, [or betook himself with briskness, liveliness, &c., to the thing,] and was rejoiced by it. (Lth, TA.) A poet says, وَ زَعَمْتَ أَنَّكَ لَا تَرَاحُ إِلَى النِّسَا [(assumed tropical:) And thou assertedst that thou dost not, or wilt not, betake thyself with briskness, &c., to women, nor be rejoiced by them]. (Lth, TA.) And راح لِلْأَمْرِ i. q. ↓ ارتاح [He betook himself with briskness, &c., to the thing, or affair; or was brisk, &c., to do it]. (TA.) And راح لِذٰلِكَ الأَمْرِ, (L, K,) and إِلَيْهِ, (L,) aor. ـَ inf. n. رَوَاحٌ and رُؤُوحٌ and رَاحٌ and رِيَاحَةٌ (L, K) and رَاحَةٌ and أَرْيَحِيَّةٌ, (L,) (assumed tropical:) He brightened in countenance at that thing, (L, [there explained by أَشْرَقَ لَهُ, and this I regard as the right reading, rather than that which I find in the copies of the K, which is أَشْرَفَ لَهُ, perhaps meaning the same as أَشْرَفَ عَلَيْهِ, i. e. he became acquainted with that thing, or knew it, syn. اِطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِ,]) and rejoiced in it, or at it, (L, K,) and was thereby affected with alacrity, cheerfulness, briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness, disposing him to promptness in acts of kindness or beneficence: said of a generous man when he is asked to confer a gift; and sometimes, metaphorically, of dogs when called by their owner, and of other animals. (L.) [It is also said that] رَوَاحٌ and رَوَاحَةٌ and رَاحَةٌ and رَوْحَةٌ and رَوِيحَةٌ [all app. inf. ns. of رَاحَ, or some of them may be simple substs.,] and مُرَايَحَةٌ [as though inf. n. of ↓ رَايَحَ] (L, K) signify (assumed tropical:) The experiencing relief from grief or sorrow, after suffering therefrom: (L:) or the experiencing the joy, or happiness, arising from certainty. (K. [See also رَوْحٌ, below.]) You say also, إِلَى حَدِيثِهِ ↓ اِسْتَرْوَحْتُ [app. meaning (assumed tropical:) I was affected with cheerfulness, liveliness, or the like, at his discourse, or narration; as seems to be indicated by the context in the place where it is mentioned: or perhaps, he trusted to his discourse, and became quiet, or easy, in mind; agreeably with an explanation of the verb which see below]: (A:) or الى حديثه ↓ استراح (assumed tropical:) he inclined to his discourse. (MA.) And راح لِلْمَعْرُوفِ, (S, A, L, K,) sec. Pers\. رِحْتَ, (L,) aor. ـَ inf. n. رَاحَةٌ (S, L, K) and رِيحٌ; (L;) and له ↓ ارتاح; (A, L;) (tropical:) He was affected with alacrity, cheerfulness, briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness, disposing him to promptness to do what was kind or beneficent: (As, S, L, K:) he inclined to, and loved, kindness or beneficence. (L.) And لِلنَّدَى ↓ ارتاح (assumed tropical:) [He was affected with alacrity, &c., and so disposed to bounty or liberality]. (S, K.) And نَزَلَتْ اللّٰهُ بِرَحْمَتِهِ فَأَنْقَذَهُ مِنْهَا ↓ بِهِ بَلِيَّةٌ فَارْتَاحَ (tropical:) [A trial, or an affliction, befell him, and God was active and prompt with his mercy, and delivered him from it]: (T:) but ISd disapproves of thus speaking of God; and El-Fárisee says that it is an instance of the rudeness of speech characteristic of Arabs of the desert. (TA.) [Hence seems to have originated, as is app. implied in the TA, the assertion that] ↓ الاِرْتِيَاحُ signifies (assumed tropical:) The being merciful: and اللّٰهُ لَهُ بِرَحْمَتِهِ ↓ ارتاح, (assumed tropical:) God delivered him from trial, or affliction: (K:) or اللّٰهُ لِفُلَانٍ ↓ ارتاح (assumed tropical:) God was merciful to such a one. (S.) One also says, راحت يَدُهُ لِكَذَا, (K,) or بِكَذَا, (S L,) (tropical:) His hand was active, prompt, or quick, (S, L, K, TA,) to do such a thing, (K, TA,) or with such a thing; (S, L, TA;) as, for instance, with a sword, to strike with it. (L.) Hence the saying of the Prophet, مَنْ رَاحَ

إِلَى الجُمُعَةِ فِى السَّاعَةِ الأُولَى فَكَأَنَّمَا قَدَّمَ بَدَنَةً (tropical:) [Whosoever is brisk, or prompt, or quick, in repairing to the Friday-prayers in the first hour, he is as though he offered a camel, or a cow or bull, for sacrifice at Mekkeh]: (K, * TA:) the meaning is, خَفَّ إِلَيْهَا, (K, TA,) and مَضَى; (TA;) not the going in the latter part of the day. (K, * TA.) [See also what follows.] b5: رَاحَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. رَوَاحٌ; and ↓ تروّح; both signify the same; (S, Msb, K, &c.;) contr. of غَدَا; (S;) said of a man, (TA,) and of a company of men, (K, TA,) He, and they, went, or journeyed, or worked, or did a thing, in the evening, (K, TA,) or in the afternoon, i. e., from the declining of the sun from the meridian until night: (IF, Msb, K, TA:) this is said to be the primary meaning: (TA:) but they also mean he, or they, returned: (Msb:) and went, or journeyed, at any time: (Msb, * TA:) [for] الرَّوَاحُ is not, as some imagine it to be, only [the going, or journeying,] in the last, or latter, part of the day; but is used by the Arabs as meaning the going, or journeying, at any time of the night or day; as also الغُدُوُّ: so say Az and others: (Msb:) or راح, inf. n. رَوَاحٌ, signifies he came, or went, after the declining of the sun from the meridian: but is sometimes used as meaning he went in an absolute sense: (Mgh:) and thus it means in the trad. commencing مَنْ رَاحَ إِلَى الجُمُعَةِ [mentioned above, where a different explanation of the verb is given]: (Mgh, * Msb:) and [in like manner] one says to his companion or companions, ↓ تَرَوَّحْ or تَرَوَّحُوا as meaning Go, or journey: (TA:) but رَاحَتِ الإِبِلُ, (S, L, K,) aor. ـُ and تَرَاحُ, inf. n. رَوَاحٌ (L) and رَائِحَةٌ, (Az, L, K,) signifies only The camels returned in the evening, or afternoon, (S, * Msb,) when their pastors drove or brought them back to their owners: so says Az. (Msb.) You say, رُحْتُ

إِلَيْهِمْ and عِنْدَهُمْ, inf. n. رَوْحٌ and رَوَاحٌ, I went, (K, TA,) and I came, (TA,) to them in the evening, or afternoon; [or at any time, as appears from what has been said above;] and so رُحْتُهُمْ, (K, TA,) inf. n. رَوْحٌ; (TA;) and ↓ رَوَّحْتُهُمْ, (K, TA,) inf. n. تَرْوِيحٌ; (TA;) and ↓ تَرَوَّحْتُهُمْ: (K, TA:) and ↓ أَنَا أُغَادِيهِ وَ أُرَاوِحُهُ [I go, or come, to him early in the morning, in the first part of the day, or between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise, and I go, or come, to him in the evening, or afternoon, app. he doing the like to me]. (A. [See also 6.]) And رَاحَتْ عَلَيْهِ إِبِلُهُ, and غَنَمُهُ, and مَالُهُ, His camels, and his sheep or goats, and his cattle, returned to him after the declining of the sun from the meridian; only at that time: and ↓ اراحت may perhaps be a dial. var. thereof: (L, TA:) or راحت بِالعَشِىِّ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا they (i. e. camels) returned from the place of pasture in the evening, or afternoon, to their owners. (S, * Msb.) b6: راح الشَّجَرُ, (S, A, K,) aor. ـَ (S, A;) and ↓ تروّح; (S, A;) [said in the TA to be tropical, but not so in the A;] The trees broke forth with leaves: (S, A, K:) or the former, the trees broke forth with leaves before the winter, when the night became cold, without rain; (As, TA;) and so the latter: (L:) or the latter, the trees broke forth with leaves after the close of the صَيْف [or summer]: (S, TA:) and الغُصْنُ ↓ تروّح The branch put forth leaves after other leaves had fallen from it. (R, TA.) [See another meaning of راح الشجر near the beginning of this art.] b7: راح, (S, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. رَاحَةٌ, (S,) said of a horse, [perhaps from the same verb as signifying “ he was, or became, brisk, lively,” &c.,] He became a stallion, or fit to cover. (S, K.) A2: رَاحَتْهُ الرِّيحُ, aor. ـَ The wind smote it; namely, a thing; (L, K;) as, for instance, a tree, and said of a tempestuous wind. (L.) And رِيحَ, said of a pool of water left by a torrent, It was smitten [or blown upon] by the wind. (S, A, K.) In like manner also it is said of other things. (TA.) One says, رِيحَتِ الشَّجَرَةُ The tree was blown upon by the wind: or was blown about, or shaken, by the wind, so that its leaves were made to fall: or had the dust scattered upon it by the wind. (L.) And رِيحُوا They (a people, or party,) were smitten and destroyed by the wind: (K, TA:) or they entered upon [a time of] wind; (K;) as also, in this latter sense, ↓ أَرَاحُوا, (S, K,) or ↓ أَرْوَحُوا. (A.) b2: راح الشَّىْءَ, (A 'Obeyd, S, K,) first Pers\. رِحْتُ, (A 'Obeyd, S,) aor. ـَ (A 'Obeyd, S, K,) and يَرِيحُ, (AA, S, K,) [inf. n., app., of the former رَوْحٌ and of the latter رِيحٌ as in the phrase of similar meaning following;] and ↓ أَرَاحَهُ, (Ks, S, K,) and ↓ أَرْوَحَهُ; (Az, K;) He smelt the thing; perceived its smell, or odour; (S, K, &c.;) as also ↓ استراحهُ and ↓ اِسْتَرْوَحَهُ: (Ham p. 228:) and راح الرِّيحَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَوْحٌ; and aor. ـِ inf. n. رِيحٌ; and ↓ أَرَاحَهَا; He smelt the odour. (Msb.) You say of an object of the chase, ↓ أَرَاحَنِى, (S,) and ↓ أَرْوَحَنِى, (Az, S, A,) inf. n. of the latter إِرْوَاحٌ, (Az, TA,) He smelt me; perceived my smell, or odour: (Az, S, A, TA:) and of the same, ↓ اراح, (K,) and ↓ أَرْوَحَ, (T, S, K,) and ↓ اِسْتَرْوَحَ, and ↓ استراح, (T, S,) He smelt a human being; perceived his smell, or odour: (T, S, K:) and the second of these four, (K, TA,) and the third and fourth, (TA,) he smelt gently, that he might perceive the odour of a thing: (K, TA:) or the third and fourth of the same, he smelt, or perceived, odour: (A:) and these two, said of a stallion, he perceived the smell of the female: and of a beast of prey you say, الرِّيحَ ↓ أَرْوَحَ, and ↓ أَرَاحَهَا, and ↓ استراحها, and ↓ اِسْتَرْوَحَهَا, meaning he smelt, or perceived, the odour; and accord. to Lh, some say, رَاحَهَا; but this is seldom used. (TA) [It is asserted (in Har p. 324) that ↓ استراح is only from الرَّاحَةُ; but this assertion is of no weight against the authorities cited above.] It is said in a trad., مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسًا مُعَاهِدَةً لَمْ يَرَحٌ رَائِحَةَ الجَنَّةِ, (A 'Obeyd, S, Mgh, * Msb, *) or لم يَرِحْ, (AA, S, Msb,) or ↓ لم يُرِحْ, (Ks, S, Mgh, Msb,) i. e. [He who slays a person with whom he is on terms of peace, (or, as in' the TA, مُؤْمِنًا, i. e. a believer,)] he will not perceive the odour of Paradise: (S, Mgh, Msb:) As says, I know not whether it be from رِحْتُ or from أَرَحْتُ. (S.) You say also, مِنْهُ طِيبًا ↓ أَرْوَحْتُ I perceived from him (a man, S) a sweet odour. (S, A.) b3: [And hence, app.,] راح مِنْكَ مَعْرُوفًا, and ↓ اراحهُ, (assumed tropical:) He obtained from thee a favour, or benefit. (K.) A3: رَوِحَ, aor. ـْ inf. n. رَوَحٌ, He (a man) had the quality termed رَوَحٌ, [explained below, i. e. width in the space between the thighs or legs; &c.; or] a spreading in the fore part of each foot. (Lth, TA.) And رَوِحَتْ قَدَمُهُ His foot had the quality so termed. (TA.) 2 روّح [He fanned]. You say, روّح عَلَيْهِ بِالمِرْوَحَةِ [He fanned him with the fan]. (A, TA.) And اِحْتَاجُوا إِلَى التَّرْوِيحِ مِنَ الحَرِّ بِالمِرْوَحَةِ [They required to be fanned, by reason of the heat, with the fan]. (TA.) b2: Also, (A, Msb,) inf. n. تَرْوِيحٌ, (Msb,) He perfumed oil; rendered it sweet in odour, (A, Msb,) by putting perfume in it. (Msb.) b3: روّح عَنْهُ; and رَوِّحُوا بِنَا: see 4. b4: روّح بِهِمْ, (A, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (A, Msb,) He performed with them the prayers termed التَّرَاوِيح. (A, Mgh, Msb.) b5: روّح having for its objects camels, and sheeep or goats: see 4. b6: رَوَّحْتُهُمْ: see رُحْتُ إِلَيْهِمْ, in the latter half of the first paragraph.3 أَنَا أُغَادِيهِ وَ أُرَاوِحُهُ: see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph. b2: المُرَاوَحَةُ فِى العَمَلَيْنِ, (S,) or بَيْنَ العَمَلَيْنِ, (Mgh, K,) signifies The doing the two deeds, or works, alternately; this one time, and that one time: (S, Mgh, K:) as, for instance, reading, or reciting, at one time, and writing at another time: (Mgh:) and المراوحة بين الرِّجْلَيْنِ the standing upon the two legs alternately; upon each in turn: and المراوحة بين الجَنْبَيْنِ the turning over [upon the two sides alternately, or] from side to side. (K.) You say, راوح بَيْنَ عَمَلَيْنِ [He did two deeds, or works, alternately; he alternated them]. (A.) And راوح بَيْنَ رِجْلَيْهِ He stood upon one of his legs one time and upon the other another time: (S, Mgh:) it is said also of one walking [as meaning he moved his legs alternately]. (A.) And it is said in a trad., كَانَ يُرَاوِحُ بَيْنَ قَدَمَيْهِ مِنْ طُولِ القِيَامِ He used to rest upon one of his feet one time and upon the other another time to give relief to each of them [in consequence of long standing]. (TA.) One says also, راوحهُ He did a thing with him by turns, each of them taking his turn [and so relieving the other: for المُرَاوَحَةُ signifies the giving mutual relief, or rest]. (TA in art. عقب.) [See also 6.]

A2: رَايَحَ, inf. n. مُرَايَحَةٌ: see 1, in the former part of the paragraph.4 اراح He breathed: (S, A, K:) said of a man, (A,) and of a horse. (S.) b2: [It emitted an odour:] it (a thing, Msb) stank; (S, Msb, K;) as also أَرْوَحَ: (Msb, TA:) the former said of flesh-meat, (S, K,) and of water; (K;) and so the latter: (TA:) or the latter, it became altered [for the worse] in odour; (Lh, S, M, A, Msb;) said of flesh-meat, (Lh, M, A, * Msb,) and of water, (Lh, S, M, A, Msb,) &c.; (S;) and so the former, said of water: (L, TA:) ISd makes a distinction between اروح and ↓ تروّح [q. v., as does also J,] said of water. (Msb, TA.) b3: Also, (inf. n. إِرَاحَةٌ, L,) He (a man, S, and a beast, Lh) revived, or his spirit returned to him, after fatigue; (Lh, S, K;) like ↓ استراح, q. v.: (TA:) and he had rest. (K.) b4: And [hence], (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِرَاحَةٌ, (TA,) or إِرْوَاحٌ, (Msb,) (assumed tropical:) He (a man) died; (S, Msb, K;) as though he found rest: and he (a camel) died, or perished. (TA.) You say, أَرَاحَ فَأَرَاحَ [He rested, i. e. had rest, and so rested others], meaning (assumed tropical:) he died, and so people became at rest from him. (A.) b5: [Hence also,] أَرَحْنَا بِالصَّلَاةِ We performed the act of prayer: because its performance is [a cause of] rest to the soul; the waiting for the time thereof being troublesome. (Msb.) b6: أَرَاحَتْ said of camels &c. [as though meaning They returned in the evening, or afternoon, to rest]: see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph. b7: اراح, inf. n. إِرَاحَةٌ and إِرَاحٌ, said of a man, His camels, and sheep or goats, and cattle, returned to him in the evening, or afternoon, from pasture. (L.) b8: And اراح, [app. for اراح بَعِيرَهُ,] like wise said of a man, He alighted from his camel to rest him and to alleviate him. (L.) b9: أَرَاحُوا, or أَرْوَحُوا: see 1, in the last quarter of the paragraph.

A2: أَرَاحَهُ and أَرْوَحَهُ, and اراح الرِّيحَ, &c.: see 1, in the last quarter of the paragraph, in twelve places. b2: اراحهُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِرَاحَةٌ, (Msb, TA,) and ↓ رَاحَةٌ is a subst. used as an inf. n., [i. e. a quasi-inf. n.,] like طَاعَةٌ and عَارَةٌ used as inf. ns. of أَطَاعَهُ and أَعَارَهُ, (TA,) said of God, (S, K,) or of a man, (A, Msb,) He rested him, made him to be at rest or at ease, or gave him rest; (S, * A, * Msb;) namely, a hired man, (Msb,) or any man; as also عَنْهُ ↓ روّح: (TA:) and the former, He (God) caused him to enter into a state of rest, (K, TA,) or of mercy. (TA.) And بِنَا ↓ رَوِّحُوا (K in art. لث) Give ye us rest. (TK in that art.) And اراح بَعِيرَهُ He revived, or recovered, his camel. (TA.) b3: [Hence,] اراح النَّاسَ بِالصَّلَاةِ He chanted the call to prayer, and so made the people to ease their hearts by performing the act of prayer. (L.) b4: And اراح, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِرَاحَةٌ; (M, Mgh;) accord. to one dial., هَرَاحَ, aor. ـَ (TA;) and ↓ روّح, (S, * A, TA,) inf. n. تَرْوِيحٌ; (S;) He (the pastor, Msb) drove back, or brought back, (S, M, Msb, K,) camels, (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and sheep or goats, (M, A, * Mgh,) and cows or bulls, (A, * Mgh,) in the evening, or afternoon, (M, Msb,) after the declining of the sun from the meridian, (S,) [from their place of pasture,] to their nightly resting-place, (S, M, K,) or إِلَى أَهْلِهَا [and عَلَى أَهْلِهَا (for you say رَاحَتْ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا) i. e. to their owners]. (Msb.) b5: [Hence,] اراح عَلَيْهِ حَقَّهُ (assumed tropical:) He restored to him his right, or due; (S, K;) as also أَرْوَحَ. (K.) And the saying, in a trad., of Umm-Zara, اراح عَلَىَّ نَعَمًا ثَرِيًّا (assumed tropical:) He gave me much cattle: because she was [as though she were] a مُرَاح for his bounty. (L.) 5 تروّح [He fanned himself]. (A, TA.) and تروّح بِمِرْوَحَةٍ [He fanned himself with a fan]. (S, Msb, K.) رَأَيْتُهُمْ يَتَرَوَّحُونَ فِى الضُّحَى, occurring in a trad., means I saw them requiring the being fanned with the fan (التَّرْوِيح بِالمِرْوَحَة) by reason of the heat [in the morning after sunrise]: or it may mean returning to their tents or houses: or seeking rest. (TA.) b2: تروّحت الرَّائِحَةُ The odour exhaled, or diffused itself. (Msb.) b3: تروّح said of water, It acquired the odour of another thing by reason of its nearness thereto. (S, A, Msb, K.) See also 4. b4: See also 10: b5: and see 1, in five places. b6: تروّح said of herbage, It became tall: (S, K:) and in like manner said of trees; as well as in well as in another sense explained in the first paragraph. (TA.) b7: تَرَيُّحٌ, thought by ISd to be an inf. n., of which the verb is تَرَيَّحَ: see أَرْيَحِيَّةٌ.6 تَرَاوَحَا عَمَلًا (TA) and ↓ اِرْتَوَحَاهُ, (K, TA,) [like تَعَاوَرَاهُ and اِعْتَوَرَاهُ,] They two did a deed, or work, by turns, [resting by turns,] or alternately; syn. تَعَاقَبَاهُ. (K, TA.) And تراوحوا أَمْرًا They did a thing by turns; syn. تعاوروهُ. (TA.) [Hence,] إِنَّ يَدَيْهِ لَتَتَرَاوَحَانِ بِالمَعْرُوفِ (S, A *) [in the S, the context implies that the meaning is, Verily his two hands are occupied alternately in doing that which is kind, or beneficent: in the A, it is said to be tropical, and the context seems to indicate that the meaning is, (tropical:) his two hands vie, one with the other, in promptness to do that which is kind, or beneficent]. b2: تراوحوا لِبُيُوتِهِمْ and تراوحوا بُيُوتَهُمْ [They went in the evening, or afternoon, to their tents, or houses, app. meaning one to another's tent, or house, by turns]. (A.) [See also 3.]8 ارتاح, and its inf. n. اِرْتِيَاحٌ: see 1, in the former half of the paragraph, in ten places: b2: and see also 10.

A2: اِرْتَوَحَا عَمَلًا: see 6.10 اِسْتَرْوَحَ, said of a branch, (Msb, TA,) It became shaken by the wind: (TA:) or it inclined from side to side. (Msb.) b2: See also 1, near the beginning of the paragraph; and see اِسْتَرْوَحْتُ

إِلَى حَدِيثِهِ, and استراح الى حديثه, in the former part of the same paragraph. b3: Also, (K,) and استراح, (S, A, Msb, K,) [which latter is the more common in this sense,] and ↓ ارتاح, (TA,) and sometimes ↓ اراح, q. v., (Msb,) [and ↓ تروّح, as quasi-pass. of رَوَّحَ عَنْهُ or بِهِ,] said of a hired man, (Msb,) [and of any man,] He found, or experienced, rest, or ease; [was, or became, at rest, or at ease; rested;] (S, * A, * Msb, * K;) مِنْهُ [from him, or it], (A,) and بِهِ [by means of it]; (Msb;) from الرَّاحَةُ; (S;) quasi-pass. of أَرَحْتُهُ, (A, Msb,) and of أَرَاحَهُ اللّٰهُ. (S.) b4: استروح إِلَيْهِ (accord. to the S and K, but in other lexicons استراح, TA) He trusted to, or relied upon, him, or it, and became quiet, or easy, in mind. (S, K, TA.) b5: See also 1, in the last quarter of the paragraph, in seven places.

A2: استروح المَطَرُ الشَّجَرَ The rain revived the trees. (L.) رَاحٌ Windy; applied to a day: (TA:) or, so applied, violently-windy; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ رَائِحٌ, which is the original form, (Msb,) or may be so: (TA:) fem. of the former with ة, applied to a night (لَيْلَةٌ). (A, TA.) [See also رَيِّحٌ.] One says, هٰذِهِ لَيْلَةٌ رَاحَةٌ لِلْمَكْرُوبِ فِيهَا رَاحَةٌ [This is a windy night: the oppressed in mind has rest therein]. (A.) A2: It is also syn. with اِرْتِيَاحٌ. (S, L, K. [See 1, near the beginning of the paragraph.]) b2: And [hence,] Wine; (S, A, * K;) as also ↓ رَيَاحٌ: (S, K:) so called because the drinker thereof becomes brisk, lively, or sprightly; or, accord. to IHsh, because he becomes affected with briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness, disposing him to generous actions: in the L, [which mentions these two words in art. ريح,] the ا in the former word is said to be substituted for ى [and hence the ى in the latter if such be the case]. (TA.) A3: See also رَاحَةٌ, in four places.

رَوْحٌ, as an epithet; fem. with ة: see رَيِّحٌ, in two places.

A2: Also A gentle wind; a gentle gale; a breeze; the commencement of a wind before it becomes strong; or the breath of the wind when weak: (S, K, TA:) or the cold, or coolness, of such gentle wind. (A, TA.) b2: I. q.

نفس [app. نَفَسٌ i. e. Breath; like رُوحٌ]: said to be the primary signification: (MF:) or spirit; [like رُوحٌ;] syn. نَفْسٌ; as in the saying, أَحْيَا النَّاسَ بِرَوْحِهِ [He (meaning God) hath quickened, or vivified, mankind with his spirit: or perhaps the right reading is بِرُوحِهِ]. (A.) b3: See also رَاحَةٌ, with which it is syn. (S, K.) b4: Also (assumed tropical:) Joy, happiness, or gladness; (AA, MF, TA;) said to be a metaphorical meaning, from the same word as syn. with نفس; (MF;) and ↓ رُوحٌ likewise has this meaning: (IAar, TA:) or the former, rest, or ease, from grief, or sorrow, of heart. (As, TA.) In the saying of 'Alee, فَبَاشَرُوا رَوْحَ اليَقِينِ or اليقين ↓ رُوحَ, the phrase روح اليقين is thought by ISd to mean (assumed tropical:) The joy and happiness that arise from certainty. (TA. [See art. بشر.]) b5: Also (assumed tropical:) Mercy (S, K, TA) of God; thus called as being a cause of rest, or ease; (TA;) and so ↓ رِيحٌ; (K;) and ↓ رَيْحَانٌ; (L;) and ↓ رُوحٌ is said by Az to have this meaning in the Kur iv.

169: the pl. of the first of these three words [and of the last, and accord. to some a pl. of the second also,] is أَرْوَاحٌ. (TA.) رُوحٌ The soul, spirit, or vital principle; syn. نَفْسٌ; (IAar, IAmb, L, Msb, TA, and S and K &c. in art. نفس; [but there is a difference between these two words, for they are not always interchangeable, as I have shown in art. نفس;]) [i. e.]

مَا بِهِ حَيَاةُ الأَنْفُسِ; (K; [see also رَوْحٌ, third sentence;]) often occurring in the Kur and the Traditions in different senses, but generally signifying [as explained above, i. e.] the vital principle; (IAth, TA;) [or the nervous fluid; or animal spirit;] a subtile vaporous substance, which is the principle of vitality and of sensation and of voluntary motion; also called the رُوح حَيَوَانِىّ; (KT in explanation of the term نَفْسٌ;) or a subtile body, the source of which is the hollow of the corporeal heart, and which diffuses itself into all the other parts of the body by means of the pulsing veins, or arteries: (KT in explanation of the term الرُّوحُ الحَيَوَانِىُّ: [so too نَفْسٌ; q. v.: see also Gen. ix. 4: many of the ancients believed the soul to reside in the blood: see Aristotle, De Anim. i. 2, and Virgil's Æn. ix. 349:]) or the vital principle in man: (Fr, TA:) or the breath which a man breathes, and which pervades the whole body: [and this seems to be the original idea expressed by the word:] after its exit, he ceases to breathe; and when it has completely gone forth, his eyes remain gazing towards it until they close; called in Pers\. جَانْ: (AHeyth, TA:) accord. to the Sunnees, the rational soul, (النَّفْسُ النَّاطِقَةُ, [also termed الرُّوحُ الإِنْسَانِىُّ,]) which is adapted to the faculty of making known its ideas by means of speech, and of understanding speech, and which perishes not with the perishing of the body, being a substance, not an accident; as is shown by the words in the Kur iii. 163, which refer to the روح: (Msb:) most of the doctors of the fundamentals of religion forbid the diving into this matter, because God has abstained from making it known: (TA:) the philosophers say that it is the blood, by the exhausting of which the life ceases: (Msb:) the word is masc., (IAar, IAmb, Az, S, M, A, Msb, K, *) thus, with the Arabs, differing from نَفْسٌ, for this they make fem., (IAar, IAmb, Msb,) but the former is also fem., (S, M, A, Msb, K,) app. as meaning نَفْسٌ, (Msb,) as is said in the R; (TA;) and most hold it to be as often fem. as it is masc.: (MF:) one says خَرَجَ رُوحُهُ (IAar, Az, TA) [and also خَرَجَتْ رُوحُهُ, meaning His soul departed, or went forth]: the pl. is أَرْوَاحٌ. (S, Msb.) b2: Also i. q. نَفْخٌ (K) [properly A blowing with the mouth; but here] meaning wind that issues from the رُوح; (TA;) wind, or breath. (ADk, TA.) Dhu-r-Rummeh says, respecting fire that he had struck, and upon which he bade his companion to blow, أَحْيِهَا بِرُوحِكَ Give life to it, or enliven it, with thy wind [or breath]. (TA.) And one says, مَلَأَ القِرْبَةَ مِنْ رُوحِهِ He filled the skin with his wind; with his breath. (ADk, TA.) b3: [Hence,] الرُّوحُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) Inspiration, or divine revelation; (Zj, Th, K;) such as is imparted by means of an angel: thus in the Kur xvi. 2 and xl. 15: so called because it quickens from the death of infidelity, and thus is, to a man, like the رُوح which is the vital principle of his body: (T:) or (so says Zj accord. to the L, but in the K “ and ” ) the prophetic commission. (Zj, K.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) The Kur-án; (IAar, Zj, S, * A, * K;) whereby God's creatures are [spiritually] quickened, and guided to the right way. (TA.) So in the trad., تَحَايَوْا بِذِكْرِ اللّٰهِ وَ رُوحِهِ (tropical:) [Revive yourselves with God's book of religion and religious laws, (or ذِكْر may here have some other meaning,) and his Kur-án]. (TA. [Mentioned also in the A; in a copy of which, in the place of تَحَايَوْا, I find تَحَابُوا, an evident mistranscription.]) b5: And (assumed tropical:) What God ordains and commands (K, TA) by means of his assistants and angels. (TA.) b6: Also Jibreel [i. e. Gabriel]; (S, * A, * K;) called in the Kur [xxvi. 193] الرُّوحُ الأَمِينُ, and [in ii. 81] رُوحُ القُدُسِ or القُدْسِ, as related by Az on the authority of Th. (TA.) [The last of these appellations, or generally, but incorrectly, الرُّوحُ القُدُسُ, is applied by the Eastern Christians among the Arabs to The Holy Spirit; the Third Person of the Trinity.] b7: And [sometimes Our Lord] Jesus. (S, * A, * K.) b8: And A certain angel, (I'Ab, K,) in the Seventh Heaven, (I'Ab, TA,) whose face is like that of a man, and his body like that of the [other] angels: (I'Ab, K:) or certain creatures resembling mankind, but not men: so in the Kur lxxviii. 38: (Zj:) or the watchers over the angels who are watchers over the sons of Adam, whose faces are said to be like the faces of men, and whom the other angels see not, like as we see not the watchers nor the [other] angels. (Th.) b9: See also رَوْحٌ, in three places.

A2: Also pl. of رَؤُوحٌ: (L:) b2: and of أَرْوَحُ. (S &c.) رَوَحٌ: see رَائِحٌ, of which it is said to be a quasi-pl. n., in three places.

A2: Also Width, wideness, or ampleness. (S, K.) El-Mutanakhkhil [in the TA El-Muntakhal] El-Hudhalee says, لٰكِنْ كَبِيرُ بْنُ هِنْدٍ يَوْمَ ذٰلِكُمُ فُتْخُ الشَّمَائِلِ فِى أَيْمَانِهِمْ رَوَحُ (S, TA,) meaning But Kebeer Ibn-Hind, a tribe of Hudheyl, on that day, were lax in the joints of the left hands by reason of vehement pulling [of the bows], having wideness in their right hands by reason of vehement striking with the sword. (TA.) b2: And [particularly] Width, or wideness, in the space between the thighs: (TA:) or width, or wideness, (S, Mgh, K,) in, (S, K,) or of, (Mgh,) [or between,] the two legs, (S, Mgh, K,) less than what is termed فَحَجٌ, (S, K,) or less than فَجَجٌ, (A, Mgh,) with wideness between the fore parts of the feet, and nearness of the heels, each to the other: (S:) or [simply] wideness between the fore parts of the feet, and nearness of the heels, each to the other: (Msb:) or a spreading in the fore part of each foot: (Lth, Mgh, Msb:) or a turning over of the foot upon its outer side: IAar says that رَوَحٌ in the legs is less than فَدَعٌ, and this is less than عَقَلٌ. (TA.) A3: هٰذَا الأَمْرُ بَيْنَنَا رَوَحٌ means This is a thing, or an affair, which we do by turns; as also عَوَرٌ. (TA.) رِيحٌ originally رِوْحٌ, the و being changed into ى because of the preceding kesreh, (T, S, Msb,) as is shown by its dim. mentioned below; (T, Msb;) Sb held it to be of the measure فِعْلٌ; and Abu-l-Hasan, فِعْلٌ and فُعْلٌ; [if the latter, originally رُيْحٌ;] (TA;) [Wind; i. e.] the air that is made to obey [the will of God] and to run its course between heaven and earth: (Msb, TA:) or the breath (نَسِيم) of the air; and in like manner, of anything: (L, TA:) said to be thus called because it generally brings رَوْح and رَاحَة [i. e. rest, or ease]: (IAmb, MF:) one says رِيحٌ and ↓ رِيحَةٌ, like دَارٌ and دَارَةٌ; (S;) [using the latter as a more special term; for] رِيحَةٌ signifies a portion of wind (طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ رِيحٍ) [meaning a wind of short duration; or a breath, puff, blast, or gust, of wind]; (Sb, M;) but رِيحٌ and ↓ رِيحَةٌ may be used in the same sense; i. e. the latter may be used as syn. with the former, and they are mentioned by some [as analogous] with كَوْكَبٌ and كَوْكَبَةٌ: (Sb, L:) رِيْح is of the fem. gender (IAmb, L, Msb) in most cases; (Msb;) and all the other names for wind are fem. except إِعْصَارٌ, which is masc.; (IAmb, Msb;) but ريح is sometimes made masc. as meaning هَوَآءٌ: (Az, Msb:) [it is used by physicians as signifying flatus, flatuosity, or flatulence; as in the phrase رِيحٌ غَلِيظَةٌ a gross flatus:] the pl. [of pauc.] is أَرْوَاحٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.) and أَرْيَاحٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the latter used by some, but disallowed by AHát because there is in it no kesreh to cause the و to be changed into ى, (L, Msb,) and [the pl. of mult. is] رِيَاحٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) with ى because of the kesreh, (Msb,) and رِيَحٌ; (K, but not found by SM in any other lexicon;) and the pl. pl. is أَرَاوِيحُ [pl. of أَرْوَاحٌ] and أَرَايِيحُ [pl. of أَرْيَاحٌ]: (K:) the dim. of رِيحٌ is ↓ رُوَيْحَةٌ. (T, Msb.) رِيَاحٌ, or another form of pl., is often used in a good sense; and the sing., in an evil sense; because the Arabs say that the clouds are not made to give rain save by diverse winds blowing together; and this distinction is observed in the Kur-án. (L.) Hence, it is related in a trad., that he [Mohammad] used to say, when wind rose, اَللّٰهُمَّ اجْعَلْهَا رِيَاحًا وَ لَا تَجْعَلْهَا رِيحًا [O God, make it to be winds, and made it not to be a wind]. (TA.) [But this distinction is not always observed.] One says, فُلَانٌ يَمِيلُ مَعَ كُلِّ رِيحٍ (tropical:) [Such a one inclines, or turns, with every wind]. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ كَالرِّيحِ المُرْسَلَةِ [Such a one is like the wind that is sent forth to drive the clouds, and produce rain; (see the Kur xxv.

50;)] meaning, (tropical:) quick, or prompt, to do acts of kindness, or beneficence. (A.) And رَجُلٌ سَاكِنُ الرِّيحِ (tropical:) A man who is calm, sedate, staid, or grave. (A.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) Predominance, or prevalence; and power, or force. (S, K.) A poet says, (S,) namely, Suleyk Ibn-Es-Sulakeh, or Taäbbata-Sharrà, or Aashà of the tribe of Fahm, (TA, and so in one of my copies of the S,) أَتَنْظُرَانِ قَلِيلًا رَيْثَ غَفْلَتِهِمْ

أَوْ تَعْدُوَانِ فَإِنَّ الرِّيحَ لِلْعَادِى (assumed tropical:) [Will ye two await, a little, the time of their inadvertence, or will ye act aggressively? for prevalence is for the aggressor]. (S.) and hence the phrase in the Kur [viii. 48], وَ تَذْهَبَ رِيحُكُمْ (assumed tropical:) [And your predominance, or power, depart]: (S:) [or in this latter instance it has the meaning next following.] b3: (tropical:) Aid against an enemy; or victory, or conquest: (K, TA:) and (tropical:) a turn of good fortune. (A, K, TA.) One says, ذَهَبَتْ رِيحُهُمْ (tropical:) Their turn of good fortune departed. (A.) And إِذَا هَبَّتْ رِيَاحُكَ فَاغْتَنِمْهَا (tropical:) [When thy turns of good fortune come, avail thyself of them]. (A.) And الرِّيحُ لِآلِ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) Aid against the enemy, or victory or conquest, or the turn of good fortune, is to the family of such a one. (TA.) b4: See also رَوْحٌ. b5: And see رَائِحَةٌ (with which it is syn.), in four places. b6: Also (assumed tropical:) A good, sweet, or pleasant, thing. (K.) b7: The pl. أَرْوَاحٌ occurs in a trad. as meaning (tropical:) The jinn, or genii; because they are [supposed to be often] invisible, like the wind. (TA.) رَاحَةٌ Rest, repose, or ease; contr. of تَعَبٌ; (TA;) cessation of trouble, or inconvenience, and of toil, or fatigue; (Msb;) [or freedom therefrom;] and ↓ رَوْحٌ signifies the same as رَاحَةٌ, (S, A, K,) from الاِسْتِرَاحَةُ; (S, A;) like ↓ رَوَاحٌ [mentioned in the first paragraph as an inf. n. in a similar sense, as are also رَاحَةٌ and ↓ رَوْحَةٌ and ↓ رَوَاحَةٌ and ↓ رَوِيحَةٌ, i. e., as meaning the experiencing relief from grief &c.]. (TA.) Yousay, ↓ مَا لِفُلَانٍ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ مِنْ رَوَاحٍ i. e. رَاحَةٍ

[There is not, for such a one, in this affair, or case, or event, any rest, &c.]. (TA.) And اِفْعَلْ

↓ ذٰلِكَ فِى سَرَاحٍ وَ رَوَاحٍ (tropical:) Do thou that in a state of ease (S, A, K) and rest. (A.) b2: See also 4, near the middle of the paragraph.

A2: (assumed tropical:) A wife; syn. عِرْسٌ: (K:) because one trusts to her, or relies upon her, and becomes quiet, or easy, in mind. (TA.) A3: The hand; syn. كَفٌّ: (S, K:) or [rather] the palm of the hand; (Msb, MF;) for the term كَفّ includes the راحة with the fingers: (MF:) pl. ↓ رَاحٌ, (S, A, * Msb, K, *) [or rather this, said in the K to be syn. with رَاحَاتٌ, is a coll. gen. n., of which رَاحَةٌ is the n. un.,] and [the pl. is] رَاحَاتٌ. (Msb, K.) You say, دَفَعُوهُ

↓ بِالرَّاحِ [They pushed him with the palms of the hands]. (A.) The saying of a poet, ↓ إِذَا دَلَكَتْ شَمْسُ النَّهَارِ بِرَاحِ is explained as meaning When the sun of day has set, and men, looking towards it, shield themselves from its rays with the palms of their hands: or, accord. to IAar, when the [sun of] day has become dark, by reason of the dust of battle, and it is as though it were setting, and people have found rest from its heat. (L. [See also بَرَاحٌ, in art. برح; where other readings are mentioned.]) b2: [Hence, app., as seems to be indicated in the TA,] رَاحَةُ الكَلْبِ (tropical:) A certain plant. (K, TA.) b3: And ذُو الرَّاحَةِ (assumed tropical:) A sword of El-Mukhtár Ibn-Abee-' Obeyd (K, TA) Eth-Thakafee. (TA.) b4: رَاحَةٌ also signifies A court, an open area, or a yard, (K, TA,) of a house. (TA.) One says, تَرَكْتُهُ أَنْقَى مِنَ الرَّاحَةِ (K, TA) i. e. I left him, or it, more clear than the court, open area, or yard, [of a house,] or than the palm of the hand; (TA;) meaning, (assumed tropical:) without anything. (K, TA.) b5: And ↓ رَاحٌ signifies also Plain and open tracts of land, producing much herbage, (ISh, K,) hard, but comprising soft places and [what are termed] جَرَاثِيم [pl. of جُرْثُومَةٌ, q. v.], not forming any part of [the bed of] a torrent nor of a valley; (ISh;) one whereof is termed رَاحَةٌ. (ISh, K.) b6: Also The plicature of a garment, or piece of cloth: (K, TA:) or the original plicature thereof: so in the saying, in a trad., respecting a new garment, or piece of cloth, اِطْوِهِ عَلَى رَاحَتِهِ [Fold thou it in the manner of its original plicature]. (TA.) رَوْحَةٌ: see رَاحَةٌ. b2: Also A journey in the evening, or afternoon: an inf. n. of un. of رَاحَ: (L:) pl. رَوْحَاتٌ. (Ham p. 521.) And The space of a journey in the afternoon, or evening. (L.) A2: [Also, as seems to be indicated in the TA, The outer side of each of the legs of a man when bowed: see رَوَحٌ.]

رِيحَةٌ: see رِيحٌ, in two places: A2: and see also رَيِّحَةٌ.

رِيحِىٌّ Of, or relating to, wind: flatulent; as in the phrase قَوْلَنْجٌ رِيحِىٌّ flatulent colic.]

رَيْحَانٌ a word respecting the formation of which there are different opinions; many saying that its medial radical letter is و, and its original form رَيْوَحَانٌ, as may be argued from the form of its dim., mentioned below; (Msb;) others, that its original form is رَوْيَحَانٌ; (MF;) and others, that its medial radical letter is ى, and that it is of the same measure as شَيْطَانٌ, as may be argued from the form of its pl., mentioned below; (Msb;) A certain plant, (S, K,) well known, (S,) of sweet odour; (K;) the شَاهَسْفَرَم [or شَاهِسْفَرَم, i. e. basil-royal, or common sweet basil, ocimum basilicum, the seed of which (called بِزْرُ الرَّيْحَانِ) is used in medicine]: (Mgh: [see also حَبَقٌ:]) or any sweet-smelling plant; (T, Mgh, Msb, K;) but when used absolutely by the vulgar, a particular plant [that mentioned above] is meant thereby: (Msb:) or the extremities thereof; (K;) i. e. the extremities of any sweet-smelling herb, when the first of its blossoms come forth upon it: (TA:) or the leaves thereof: (K:) or the leaves of seed-produce: so, accord. to Fr, in the Kur lv. 11: (S, TA:) [it is a coll. gen. n.:] the n. un. is with ة; (TA;) and is applied to a bunch (طَاقَةٌ) of رَيْحَان; and, with the article ال, (as a proper name, TA,) the حَنْوَة [a certain plant respecting which authors differ]: (K:) the dim. of رَيْحَانٌ is رُوَيْحِينٌ: (Msb:) and the pl. is رَيَاحِينُ. (Mgh, Msb) رَيْحَانُ الحَبَاحِمِ: and رَيْحَانُ الشُّيُوخِ: see حَبَقٌ. رَيْحَانُ القُبُورِ is a name of The مِرْسِين [or myrtle-tree]. (TA in art. مرس.) b2: (tropical:) Offspring; (L, K, TA;) from the same word as signifying “ any sweet-smelling plant; (Ham p. 713;) or from the same word in the sense next following: (L:) [a coll. gen. n.: n. un. with ة; whence,] رِيْحَانَنَىَّ [meaning (tropical:) My two descendants] occurs in a saying of Mohammad as applied to El-Hasan and El-Hoseyn. (TA.) b3: (tropical:) A bounty, or gift, of God; such as the means of subsistence, &c.; syn. رِزْقٌ: (S, L, K, TA:) said to be of the dial. of Himyer. (MF.) So in the saying, خَرَجْتُ أَبْتَغِى رَيْحَانَ اللّٰهِ (tropical:) [I went forth seeking, or seeking diligently, the bounty, &c., of God]. (AO, S, TA.) And in a verse of En-Nemir Ibn-Towlab cited voce دِرَّةٌ. (S, TA.) And in the saying, in a trad., الوَلَدُ مِنْ رَيْحَانِ اللّٰهِ (tropical:) [Offspring are of the bounty of God]. (S, TA.) b4: It is also used (S, K) in the accus. case as an inf. n. [forming an absolute complement of a verb understood], (S,) in the sense of اِسْتِرْزَاق: so in the saying, سُبْحَانَ اللّٰهِ وَ رَيْحَانَهُ (assumed tropical:) [I extol, or celebrate, or declare, the absolute perfection, or glory, or purity, of God, and beg his bounty, or his supply of the means of subsistence]. (S, K.) b5: See also رَوْحٌ.

رَوْحَانِىٌّ, with fet-h to the ر, applied to a place, Good, or pleasant [app., like رَيِّحٌ, in respect of wind or air]. (S, TA.) b2: See also what next follows.

رُوحَانِىٌّ, with damm to the ر, (S, A, K, &c.,) and ↓ رَوْحَانِىٌّ, with fet-h, but this latter is deemed strange by the lexicologists [as syn. with the former], (MF,) app. rel. ns., from رَوحٌ [in the former instance], or from رَوْحٌ meaning the “ breath of the wind when weak ” [in the latter instance], extraordinary in form, with ا and ن added to the usual form of the rel. n.: (TA:) Of, or relating to, the angels and the jinn or genii: (S, A, * K:) in this sense Abu-l-Khattáb asserts himself to have heard the former used: (S:) accord. to AO, it is applied by the Arabs to anything having in it a soul, or spirit, (Sb, S,) whether a human being or a beast: (Sb:) or it has this signification also: (K:) accord. to Wardán Aboo-Khálid, as related by ISh, among the angles are those who are termed رُوحَانِيُّونَ, and those who are created of light; and of the former are Jibreel and Meekáeel and Isráfeel: and ISh adds that the روحانيّون are souls, or spirits, which have not bodies; [spiritual beings;] and that the term روحانىّ is not applied to anything save what is of this description, such as the angles and the jinn and the like: and this is the correct explanation; not that of Ibn-El-Mudhaffar, that it signifies that into which, a soul, or spirit, has been blown. (T, TA.) الحَبَقُ الرَّيْحَانِىُّ: see حَبَقٌ.

رَوَاحٌ: see رَاحَةٌ, in three places. b2: It is also an inf. n. of رَاحَ, [q. v.,] signifying the contr. of غُدُوٌ. (S.) b3: And it signifies also The evening; (K;) or the afternoon, from the declining of the sun from the meridian until night. (S, K.) One says, سَارُوا رَوَاحًا [They journeyed in the evening, or afternoon]. (TA.) And ↓ لَقِيتُهُ رَائِحَةً I met him in the evening, or afternoon. (A.) And خَرَجْوا بِرَوَاحٍ مِنَ العَشِىِّ, (S, K,) and من العشىّ ↓ بِرِيَاحٍ, (so in the T, A, L, and K,) or ↓ بِرَيَاحٍ, (so in the S,) and من العشىّ ↓ بِأَرْوَاحٍ, (A, K,) using a pl. form, (TA,) meaning the same, (S,) or They went forth in the beginning of the evening, (K,) or (tropical:) when there were yet some remains of the evening. (A.) And أَتَى فُلَانٌ وَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ النَّهَارِ

↓ رِيَاحٌ, and ↓ أَرْوَنحٌ (tropical:) [Such a one came when there were yet some remains for him of day]. (A.) رَيَاحٌ: see رَاحٌ: A2: and see also رَوَاحٌ.

رِيَاحٌ: see رَوَاحٌ, in two places.

رَؤُوحٌ: see رَائِحٌ.

رَيُوحٌ: see رَيِّحٌ, below.

رَوَاحَةٌ: see رَاحَةٌ.

رَوِيحَةٌ: see رَاحَةٌ.

رُوَيْحَةٌ dim. of رِيحٌ, q. v. (T, Msb.) يَوْمٌ رَيِّحٌ A day of good, or pleasant, wind; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ يَوْمٌ رَوْحٌ and ↓ رَيُوحٌ; (TA;) or these two signify a good, or pleasant, day: (S:) and ↓ لَيْلَةٌ رَوْحَةٌ a good, or pleasant, night; (K;) or a night of good, or pleasant, wind; as also رَيِّحَةٌ and ↓ رَائِحَةٌ: (TA:) and مَكَانٌ رَيِّحٌ a place of good, or pleasant, wind: (S: [see also رَوْحَانِىٌّ:]) or, accord. to Lth, (TA,) and the Kifáyet el-Mutahaffidh, (Msb,) يَوْمٌ رَيِّحٌ signifies a violently-windy day; like يَوْمٌ رَاحٌ [before mentioned]. (Mgh, Msb, TA.) رَيِّحَةٌ and ↓ رِيحَةٌ A certain plant that appears at the roots, or lower parts, of the عِضَاه, remaining from the preceding year: or what grows when affected by the cold, without rain: (K:) in the T, the former is expl. as signifying a plant that becomes green after its leaves and the upper parts of its branches have dried: (TA: [see also رَبْلٌ:]) this term is applied to the حُلَّب, the نَصِىّ, the رُخَامَى, and the مَكْنَان. (TA in art. حلب.) رَوَّاحٌ [(assumed tropical:) Very brisk, lively, sprightly, active, agile, prompt, or quick]. b2: See also رَائِحٌ.

رَوَّاحَةٌ A flock of sheep or goats. (L.) رَائِحٌ, applied to a day; and رَائِحَةٌ, applied to a night (لَيْلَةٌ): see رَاحٌ; and رَيِّحٌ. [In each case it probably has both of the meanings assigned under these two heads.] b2: Also Going, or returning, [or journeying, or working, or doing a thing, (see its verb, 1,)] in the evening, or in the afternoon: (L:) [and going, or journeying, at any time of the night or day: (see, again, its verb:)] and in like manner, [but in an intensive sense,] ↓ رَؤُوحٌ, of which the pl. is رُوحٌ; and ↓ رَوَّاحٌ, of which the pl. is رَوَّاحُونَ, it having no broken pl.: (L:) ↓ رَوَحٌ is pl., (S, K,) or [rather] a quasi-pl. n., (L,) of رَائِحٌ, (S, L, K,) like as خَدَمٌ is of خَادِمٌ. (S, L.) قَوْمُكَ رَائِحٌ [Thy people, or party, are, or is, going, &c.] is a phrase of the Arabs mentioned by Lh on the authority of Ks; but he says that it is only used thus, with a determinate noun; i. e., that one does not say قَوْمٌ رَائِحٌ [though this is agreeable with analogy, as well as قَوْمٌ رَائِحَةٌ and قَوْمٌ رَائِحُونَ]: one says also ↓ قَوْمٌ رَوَحٌ and رُوحٌ. (L, TA.) And one says إِبِلٌ رَائِحَةٌ Camels returning in the evening, or afternoon, from pasture. (Msb.) [Hence,] مَا لَهُ سَارِحَةٌ وَ لَا رَائِحَةٌ [lit. He has not any camels, &c., that go away to pasture, nor any that return from pasture], meaning (assumed tropical:) he has not anything: (S:) and sometimes it means (assumed tropical:) he has not any people, or party. (Lh, TA in art. سرح.) أَعْطَانِى

رَائِحَةٍ زَوْجًا occurs in a trad. as meaning He gave me, of every kind of cattle that returned to him from pasture, a portion, or sort: and in another, مَالٌ رَائِحٌ, as meaning (assumed tropical:) [Property, or cattle,] of which the profit and recompense return to one: or in each, as some relate it, the word is with ب [i. e. رَابِحَة and رَابِح]. (TA.) ↓ طَيْرٌ رَوَحٌ meansBirds in a state of dispersion: or returning in the evening, or afternoon, (S, K,) to their places, (S,) or to their nests: (K:) or, accord. to the T, رَوَحٌ in this case is for رَوَحَةٌ, [a pl. of رَائِحٌ,] like كَفَرَةٌ and فَجَرَةٌ, [pls. of كَافِرٌ and فَاجِرٌ,] and means, in this instance, in a state of dispersion. (TA.) b3: Also, [used as a subst., or an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant,] A wild bull: so in the saying of El-' Ajjáj, عَالَيْتُ أَنْسَاعِى وَ جُِلْبَ الكُورِ عَلَى سَرَاةِ رَائِحٍ مَمْطُورِ i. e. [I put my plaited thongs, and the curved pieces of wood, or the cover, of the camel's saddle, upon the back of (a camel like)] a wild bull rained upon; for when he is rained upon, he runs vehemently: (S, TA:) but the reading commonly known is, بَلْ خِلْتُ أَعْلَاقِى وَ جُِلْبَ كُورِ [Nay, or nay rather, I fancied my bags for travelling-provisions &c. that were hung upon my camel, and the curved pieces of wood of my camel's saddle]. (IB, TA in art. جلب. [اعلاقى is there explained as meaning “ my things that I held in high estimation: ” but the rendering that I have given I consider preferable.]) رَائِحَةٌ [fem. of رَائِحٌ, used as a subst.,] and ↓ رِيحٌ both signify the same; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) i. e. An accidental property or quality that is perceived by the sense of smelling; [or rather an exhalation that is so perceived; meaning odour, scent, or smell;] (Mgh, Msb;) syn. نَسِيمٌ; whether sweet or stinking: (K:) and the former, a sweet odour which one perceives in the نَسِيم [or breath of the wind]: (L:) ↓ the latter is fem. [like the former]: (Msb:) the pl. of the former is رَوَائِحُ; and El-Hulwánee mentions أَرَايِيحُ as pl. of أَرْيَاحٌ [which is pl. of ↓ رِيحٌ, under which see its other pls.]. (Mgh.) You say, الشَّىْءِ ↓ وَجَدْتُ رِيحَ and رَائِحَتَهُ in the same sense [i. e. I perceived the odour of the thing]. (S.) And لِهٰذِهِ البَقْلَةِ رَائِحَةٌ طَيِّبَةٌ [This herb, or leguminous plant, has a sweet odour]. (L.) b2: It is said in the K, that مَا فِى وَجْهِهِ رَائِحَةٌ means (tropical:) There is not in his face any blood: but [SM says that] this requires consideration; for, accord. to A'Obeyd, one says, أَتَانَا فُلَانٌ وَ مَا فِى وَجْهِهِ رَائِحَةُ دَمٍ مِنْ الفَرَقِ (tropical:) [Such a one came to us not having in his face any tinge of blood by reason of fright, or fear]: and accord. to the A [and the Mgh], one says of a person who has come in fright, or fear, أَتَانَا وَ مَا فِى رَجْهِهِ رَائِحَةُ دَمٍ: (TA:) [accord. to Mtr, however,] one sometimes says, وَ مَا فِى وَجْهِهِ رَائِحَةٌ, without adding دم; and an instance of this occurs in a trad. of Aboo-Jahl. (Mgh.) b3: رَائِحَةٌ also signifies A rain of the evening or afternoon: (Lh, K:) or, as Lh says on one occasion, [simply] rain: (TA:) pl. رَوَائِحُ. (Lh, K.) b4: [And] A cloud (سَحَابَةٌ) that comes in the evening or afternoon. (Har p. 667.) b5: See also رَوَاحٌ.

أَرْوَاحُ [More, and most, conducive to rest or ease]. (K in art. مخر.) A2: Also Having the quality termed رَوَحٌ [q. v.] (Lth, A, Mgh, Msb, K) in the thighs, (TA,) or in the legs, (S, A, * Mgh, * K,) and feet, (S,) or in the feet: (Lth, Mgh, Msb:) fem. رَوْحَآءُ: (S, Msb:) and pl. رُوحٌ. (S.) Such was 'Omar; (K, TA;) appearing as though he were riding when others were walking: (TA:) and such is every ostrich. (S, TA.) You say also قَدَمٌ رَوْحَآءُ, meaning A foot spreading in its fore part: (Lth, Mgh, TA:) or turning over upon its outer side. (TA.) b2: Also, and ↓ أَرْيَحُ, (K,) or the latter only is correct in this case, (TA,) Wide; applied to a مَحْمِل [q. v.]: (K, TA:) and so the latter applied to anything: (Lth, TA:) so too the former applied to a [bowl such as is termed]

قَدَح: and the same also signifies shallow; applied to a vessel: (TA:) and so رَوْحَآءُ; applied to a [bowl such as is termed] قَصْعَة. (S, A, K.) أَرْيَحُ: see the next preceding paragraph.

أَرْيَحِىٌّ (tropical:) Large, or liberal, in disposition; (S, K, TA;) characterized by alacrity, cheerfulness, briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness, disposing him to promptness in acts of liberality, kindness, or beneficence: (S, * A, L, K: *) the former ى is said by AAF to be substituted for و: (TA. Mentioned in the L in the present art. and in art. ريح.) The Arabs have many epithets like this, [as أَجْوَلِىٌّ and أَحْوَذِىٌّ and أَحْوَزِىٌّ and أَلْمَعِىٌّ,] of the meansure أَفْعَلِىٌّ, as though they were rel. ns. (TA.) b2: It is also an epithet applied to a sword, meaning (assumed tropical:) That shakes, (TA, and Ham p. 358,) as though brisk, or prompt, to strike: (Ham:) or meaning of Aryah, a town of Syria, (TA and Ham, [in the latter of which the phrase سُيُوفَ

أَرْيَحَ is cited in confirmation from a poem of Sakhr el-Ghei,]) or a tribe of El-Yemen. (TA.) أَرْيَحِيَّةٌ (tropical:) Largeness, or liberality, of disposition; (S, K, TA;) alacrity, cheerfulness, briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness, disposing one to promptness in acts of liberality, kindness, or beneficence: (S, * A, L, K: *) the former ى is said by AAF to be substituted for و: (TA:) ↓ تَرَيُّحٌ, accord. to Lh, signifies the same, and ISd thinks it to be an inf. n., of which the verb is تَرَيَّحَ. (L: in which these two ns. are mentioned in the present art. and in art. ريح. [See also رَاحٌ: and see 1.]) You say, أَخَذَتْهُ الأَرْيَحِيَّةُ, (S, L, K,) or أَرْيَحِيَّةٌ إِلَى النَّدَى, (A,) i. e. (tropical:) Alacrity, cheerfulness, &c., disposing him to promptness in acts of liberality, affected him. (S, A, L, K.) [See also 1, near the begin ning, where it is mentioned as an inf. n.]

أَرْوَاحٌ [pl. of رَوْحٌ, and of رُوحٌ, and of رِيحٌ]. b2: خَرَجُوا بِأَرْوَاحٍ مِنَ العَشِىِّ: and أَتَى فُلَانٌ وَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ النَّهَارِ أَرْوَاحٌ: see رَوَاحٌ.

تَرْوِيحَةٌ A single rest: pl. تَرَاوِيحُ. (Mgh, * Msb, * TA.) b2: Hence, the تَرْوِيحَة of the month of Ramadán, (K, TA,) or صَلَاةُ التَّرَاوِيحِ [A form of prayer performed at some period of the night in the month of Ramadán, after the ordinary prayer of nightfall, consisting of twenty, or more, rek'ahs, according to different persuasions]; (Mgh, * Msb, TA;) so called because the per former rests after each ترويحة, which consists of four rek'ahs; (Mgh, * Msb, K, * TA;) or because they used to rest between every two [pairs of] salutations. (TA.) [See De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., i. 167-8.] You say, صَلَّيْتُ بِهِمُ التَّرَاوِيحَ [I performed with them the prayer of the تراويح]. (A, * Mgh, Msb.) مَرَاحٌ a n. of place from 1: (Msb:) A place from which people go, or to which they return, in the evening or afternoon [or at any time: see 1]. (S, Msb, K.) b2: [Hence,] مَا تَرَكَ فُلَانٌ مِنْ

أَبِيهِ مَغْدًى وَ لَا مَرَاحًا, (S, and K in art. غذو,) and ↓ مَغْدَاةً وَ لَا مَرَاحةً, (K in that art.,) (assumed tropical:) Such a one resembled his father [without exception,] in all his states, conditions, or circumstances. (S, K. *) See also what next follows.

مُرَاحٌ a n. of place from 4; (Msb;) meaning The place to which camels, and sheep or goats, and cows or bulls, are driven, or brought, back [from their place of pasture] in the evening, or afternoon; (Mgh;) the nightly resting-place or resort (S, Msb, K) of cattle, (Msb,) or of camels, (S, K,) and sheep or goats [&c.]. (S.) ↓ مَرَاحٌ, with fet-h, in this sense, is wrong. (Mgh, Msb.) مَرُوحٌ and ↓ مَرِيحٌ, applied to a pool of water left by a torrent, (S,) and to a place, &c., (TA,) and the former, (A,) or the latter, (S,) to a branch, (S, A,) Smitten [or blown upon] by the wind: (S:) and مَرُوحَةٌ and ↓ مَرِيحَةٌ, the latter originally مَرْيُوحَةٌ, applied to a tree (شَجَرَةٌ), blown upon by the wind: or blown about, or shaken, by the wind, so that its leaves have been made to fall: or having the dust scattered upon it by the wind. (L.) مِرْوَحٌ: see مِرْوَحَةٌ.

مَرِيحٌ, and its fem., with ة: see مَرُوحُ.

مَرَاحَةٌ: see مَرَاحٌ.

مَرْوَحَةٌ A place in which, or through which, the winds blow, (S, *, K, TA,) and in which they efface the traces of dwellings: (TA:) and [hence,] a desert, or waterless desert: (S, K:) pl. مَرَاوِيحُ [for مَرَاوِحُ]. (S.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce تَدَلَّى, in art. دلو.]

مِرْوَحَةٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ مِرْوَحٌ (Lh, K) A fan; a thing, or an instrument, with which one fans himself (يُتَرَوَّحُ): (S, A, Msb, K:) pl. مَرَاوِحُ. (S.) مُرَوَّحٌ Perfumed; applied to oil; (S, A;) and to إِثْمِد [q. v.], (A'Obeyd, S,) which latter is per fumed with musk. (A'Obeyd.) نَاقَةٌ مُرَاوِحٌ A she-camel that lies down behind the other camels. (IAar, Az.) المُرْتَاحُ The fifth of the horses that run in a race; (K, TA;) the number of which is ten. (TA.) مِرْيَاحٌ, applied to food, That occasions much flatulence in the belly. (A, TA.) مُسْتَرَاحٌ a n. of place: and as such meaning (assumed tropical:) The grave [as being a place of rest or ease]. (Ham p. 228.) [And as such] (assumed tropical:) A privy; syn. مَخْرَجٌ. (S.) b2: Also, accord. to rule, a n. of time [i. e. A time of rest or ease]. (Ham ubi suprà.) b3: And a pass. part. n. of 10. (Id. ibid.) [As such] meaning (assumed tropical:) Dead [for مُسْتَرَاحٌ مِنْهُ]; as also ↓ مُسْتَريِحٌ [lit. at rest or ease]. (Id. p. 251.) b4: And it may also be used as an inf. n. of 10. (Ham p. 228.) مُسْتَرِيحٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

روع

1 رَاعَهُ, (IAar, Az, S, Msb, K, *) aor. ـُ (Mgh,) inf. n. رَوْعٌ (Msb, TA) and رُوعٌ and رُوُوعٌ and رُؤُوعٌ, (IAar, TA,) [He, or it, affected his رُوع, i. e. heart, or mind, with fright, or fear;] fear of it (namely an affair or event) reached his رُوع; (Az, TA;) he, or it, (a man, S, or an affair or event, IAar, TA, or a thing, Msb,) frightened him; put him in fear; made him afraid; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ روّعهُ, (S, Msb, K, *) inf. n. تَرْوِيعٌ: (TA:) or its beauty and abundance or multitude frightened him: (Lth, TA:) and ↓ the latter also, it frightened him by its abundance or multitude, or its beauty. (TA.) Hence the saying, in a trad., إِذَا شَمِطَ لإِنْسَانُ فِى عَارِضَيْهِ فَذٰلِكَ الرَّوْعُ, as though meaning [When the man becomes grizzled in the hair of the two sides of his face, that is] the warning of death. (TA.) You say also, [using the pass. form,] رِيعَ, aor. ـَ (TA,) inf. n. رَوْعٌ, (S, K,) He was, or became, frightened, or afraid; or he feared; (S, * K, * TA;) as also ↓ ارتاع, and ↓ تروّع. (S, K, TA.) And رَاعَ مِنْهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. رَوْعٌ, He was, or became, frightened at it, or afraid of it; or he feared it. (TK. [But I know of no authority on which this is founded, except a prov. (cited in art. جعر) , in which some read رُوعِى جَعَارِ instead of رُوغِى.]) To a man, you say, لَا تُرَعْ [Be not thou frightened;] fear not thou; let not fear overtake thee: and to a woman, لَا تُرَاعِى. (S, TA.) And hence the saying, in a trad., لَنْ تُرَاعَوْا مَا رَأَيْنَا مِنْ شَىْءٍ [Ye shall not be frightened, or afraid: we saw not, or have not seen, anything]. (TA.) You also say, مِنْهُ ↓ ارتاع and لَهُ He was, or became, frightened at, or afraid of, him, or it; or he feared him, or it. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) [It affected his رُوع, i. e. heart, or mind, with a sudden surprise; it took him by surprise.] One says, مَا رَاعَنِى إِلَّا مَجِيؤُكَ meaning (tropical:) [Nothing took me by surprise but thy coming; i. e. I was surprised by thy coming; or] I knew not save thy coming; as though he said, nothing struck my رُوع but thy coming. (TA.) And خَرَجْتُ وَ مَا رَاعَنِى إِلَّا فُلَانٌ لِالبَابِ (assumed tropical:) [I went forth, and nothing took me by surprise but such a one at the door]; which is equivalent to saying, and lo, such a one was at the door. (Har p. 207.) And it is said in a trad. of I'Ab, فَلَمْ يَرُعْنِى إِلَّا رَجُلٌ آخِذٌ بِمَنْكِبِى, i. e. I knew not [save a man taking hold of, or seizing, my shoulder-joint]; as though he came upon him suddenly, or unexpectedly, without any previous appointment, and without knowledge, and so that event frightened him. (TA.) b3: [It affected his رُوع, i. e. heart, or mind, with admiration, or pleasure;] it excited his admiration and approval; it pleased him, or rejoiced him; (S, Msb, K;) said of beauty [&c.]. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., describing the people of Paradise, فَيَرُوعُهُ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ اللِّبَاسِ And what is upon him, of apparel, excites his admiration &c., by its beauty. (TA.) b4: [It (drink) cooled it, (namely, the heart,) or allayed its thirst.] A poet says, سَقَتْنِى شَرْبَةً رَاعَتْ فُؤَادِى

سَقَاهَا اللّٰهُ مِنْ حَوْضِ الرَّسُولِ [She gave me to drink a draught that cooled, or allayed the thirst of, my heart: may God give her to drink from the pool of the Apostle in Paradise]. (TA.) You say also, هٰذِهِ شَرْبَةٌ رَاعَ بِهَا فُؤَادِى [which may be rendered This is a draught by which he has cooled, or allayed the thirst of, my heart; and it is implied in the TA that this is the right meaning: or it means] this is a draught by which the thirst, or vehement thirst, of my heart has been allayed: (so accord. to the pointing in the copies of the K:) mentioned by Az. (TA.) A2: The verb from رَوَعٌ [q. v. infrà] is one and the same [whether trans. or intrans.; i. e., you say رَاعَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. رَوْعٌ, meaning “He,” or “it, excited his admiration and approval,” &c., as expl. above; and رَاعَ, app. with the same aor. and inf. n., meaning He possessed the quality of exciting admiration and approval by his beauty and the pleasingness of his aspect, or by his courage, &c.; and in like manner, رَاعَتْ, said of a woman]; the trans. verb [in this case] being like the trans. [in other cases], and the intrans. [in this case] like the intrans. [in other cases]: but the regular form, accord. to Az, of the [intrans.] verb hence derived is رَوِعَ, aor. ـْ inf. n. رَوَعٌ. (TA.) A3: رَاعَ فِى يَدِى

كَذَا: see art. ريع. b2: And رَاعَ, aor. ـُ and يَرِيعُ, inf. n. of the former رُوَاعٌ, and of the latter رَيْعٌ: see art. ريع.2 رَوَّعَ see 1, first sentence, in two places.5 تَرَوَّعَ see 1, in the former half of the paragraph.8 إِرْتَوَعَ see 1, in the former half of the paragraph, in two places. b2: ارتاع لِلْخَيْرِ i. q. ارتاح لَهُ [He was affected by alacrity, cheerfulness, briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness, disposing him to promptness to do good; he inclined to, and loved, doing good]. (Az.) رَوْعٌ [see 1, of which it is an inf. n. b2: ] Fright, or fear; (S, K;) as also ↓ رَوعٌ [accord. to some, but this seems to be little known]. (TA.) Hence the saying, أَفْرَخَ رَوْعُهُ His fright, or fear, departed. (S.) Az says, All the lexicologists whom I have met say أَفْرَخَ رَوْعُهُ, with fet-h to the ر [in روعه], except El-Mundhiree, who informs me that AHeyth used to say, It is only ↓ افرخ رَوْعُكَ, with damm. (TA.) Accord. to different relations of a trad., you say, ↓ أَفْرَخَ رُوعُكَ, meaning Fright, or fear, hath departed from thy heart; or may fright, or fear, depart from thy heart; (K, TA;) thus expl. by AHeyth; (TA;) and افرخ رَوْعُكَ, with fet-h; or this latter, only, is the right, and means what thou fearest hath quitted thee, and departed from thee, and become removed; or may what thou fearest quit thee, &c.; as though it were taken from the young bird's going forth from the egg, (K, TA,) and the darkness' becoming removed from it; thus expl. by Aboo-Ahmad El-Hasan Ibn-' Abd-Allah Ibn-Sa'eed El-' Askeree; and AO says that افرخ روعك [thus in the TA, without any syll. signs,] means let thy fright, or fear, depart, for the case is not as thou fearest it to be. (TA.) It is also said, in a trad. of Mo'áwiyeh, that he wrote in a letter to Ziyád, ↓ لِيُفْرِخْ رُوعُكَ, with damm; (K, TA;) but the opinion commonly obtaining with the leading lexicologists is, that it is with fet-h; except AHeyth, who relates it thus, with damm; (TA;) meaning Dismiss thou the رَوْع from thy رُوع; (K, TA;) i. e., the fright, or fear, from thy heart: (TA:) for you say أَفْرَخَتِ البَيْضَةُ when the young bird quits the egg; and رَوْع is fright, or fear, which does not depart from itself, but from its place, which is the رُوع, with damm; (AHeyth, K;) the رَوْع in the رُوع being like the young bird in the egg: in like manner also one says أَفْرَخَ فُؤَادُ الرَّجُلِ when a man's fright, or fear, departs: but Dhu-r-Rummeh, though knowing the meaning, has made an inversion, saying, قَدْ أَفْرَخَتْ عَنْ رُوعِهِ الكُرَبُ [for قَدْ أَفْرَخَ عَنِ الكُرَبِ رُوعُهُ His heart had freed itself from griefs]. (AHeyth, TA.) AHeyth adds, (TA,) one also says, عَنِ الأَمْرِ ↓ أَفْرِخَ رُوعَكَ, or عَلَى الأَمْرِ, [accord. to different copies of the K, the latter being the reading in the TA, but the former probably the right,] meaning [Free thy heart from the affair; i. e.] be thou tranquil, and without fear. (K, TA.) Az observes, What AHeyth says is clear; but I am averse from it because of his being alone in his saying; though sometimes later authorities correct things in which the earlier have erred; therefore the correctness of AHeyth may not be [absolutely] denied in this matter, seeing that he had an ample share of knowledge. (TA.) [See also art. فرخ, in several places.] b3: Also (tropical:) War, or battle; as in the phrase, شَهِدَ الرَّوْعَ (tropical:) [He witnessed, or was present at or in, war, or battle]. (TA.) [See also an ex. in a verse cited voce سَعَفٌ.]

رُوعٌ The heart: (S, Msb, K:) or the part thereof which is the place of رَوْع, i. e. fear: (K, * TA:) or the سَوَاد [or core, &c.,] thereof: (K:) and the mind: (S, Msb, K, * TA:) and the understanding; or intellect. (S, K.) See رَوْعٌ, in five places. You say, وَقَعَ ذٰلِكَ فِى رُوعِى That came into my mind. (S, Msb, * TA.) And it is said in a trad., إِنَّ الرُّوحَ نَفَثَ فِى رُوعِى [Verily the Trusted, or Trusty, Spirit (meaning Gabriel) inspired into my mind, or heart]. (S.) You say also, ثَابِ رُوعُهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He went to [app. a mistake for from] a thing, and then returned to it. (TA.) رَوَعٌ The quality of exciting admiration and approval by beauty (S, K) and pleasingness of aspect, or by courage; (K;) the quality denoted by the epithet أَرْوَعُ, applied to a man, (S, K, *) and رَوْعَآءُ, applied to a woman. (S.) [See also 1, near the end of the paragraph.]

رَوِعٌ: see رَائِعٌ; last sentence.

رَوْعَةٌ A fit of fright or fear: (S, K, TA:) pl. رَوَعَاتٌ; (TA;) which is applied by Tarafeh to the frights occasioned by a stallion-camel to a she-camel when he desires to cover her. (EM, p. 66.) It is said in a trad., فَأَعْطَاهُمْ بِرَوْعَةِ الخَيْلِ, meaning And he gave them something for the fright occasioned to their women and their children by the horsemen. (TA.) b2: A trait, or sign, or mark, of beauty [that affects the رُوع, or heart]: (IAar, K:) beauty that excites admiration and approval, or pleases, or rejoices. (TA.) رُوَاعُ الفُؤَادِ and رُوَاعَةُ الفُؤَادِ, applied to a she-camel, Quick, spirited, vigorous; sharp in spirit; syn. شَهْمَةٌ ذَكِيَّةٌ: (K:) and [in like manner]

↓ رَوْعَآءُ, applied to a she-camel and a mare, (S, K,) but not to a male [in this sense, i. e. its masc. form, أَرْوَعُ, is not thus used], (S,) sharp in spirit; syn. حَدِيدَةُ الفُؤَادِ: (S, K:) in the T, رُوَاعٌ, without ة, is applied as an epithet to a mare: and IAar says that ↓ رَوْعَآءُ, thus applied, is not from رَائِعَةٌ, but means one that is as though she were fearful, by reason of her sharpness, and briskness, or lightness, of spirit: he says also, that ↓ أَرْوَعُ, applied to a horse, is like this epithet applied to a man; and IB says, in art. عجس, that, applied to a man, it signifies quickly frightened or afraid: it is also applied to a heart, meaning that is frightened, [or startled,] by reason of its sharpness, at everything that is heard or seen; and so رُوَاعٌ. (TA.) [See also رَائِعٌ, and أَرْوَعُ mentioned and expl. therewith.]

رَائِعٌ [act. part. n. of رَاعَهُ, q. v.,] Frightening; putting in fear; making afraid; [and particu-larly] by its beauty and abundance or multitude. (Lth, TA.) b2: Applied to beauty, That excites admiration and approval in the رُوع [i. e. heart, or mind,] of him who beholds it, and pleases him, or rejoices him. (TA.) Applied to a man, (K, * TA,) as also ↓ أَرْوَعُ (S, K, TA) so applied, (S, TA,) Who excites admiration and approval by his beauty (S, K, TA) and pleasingness of aspect, (K, TA,) with generousness, or nobleness, and excellence, and lordly condition; (TA;) or by his courage: (K, TA:) or the former, beautiful in countenance, who excites admiration and approval by his pleasingness of aspect and by the goodliness of his form or figure or state of apparel and the like: or, as some say, who frightens men by his aspect, inspiring reverence or awe: but the former explanation is the more reasonable: and ↓ the latter epithet, a beautiful man, who excites admiration and approval in him who beholds him: or, as some say, sharp; lively in spirit, and sharp in intellect: (TA:) [see also the next preceding paragraph:] the fem. of the former is with ة: (TA:) that of the latter, ↓ رَوْعَآءُ: (S:) the pl. of رَائِعٌ is أَرْوَاعٌ, (K, * TA,) applied to men, like as رَوَائِعُ [the pl. of رَائِعَةٌ] is to women: (TA:) and the pl. of أَرْوَعُ and رَوْعَآءُ is ↓ رُوعٌ, (K, TA,) applied to men and to women. (TA.) You say also, فَرَسٌ رَائِعٌ A beautiful horse, that frightens (يُرُوعُ, i. e. يُخَوِّفُ, [or rather startles, but better rendered excites admiration and approval in, or pleases, or rejoices,]) the beholder by his beauty: (Mgh:) and فَرَسٌ رَائِعَةٌ, and ↓ رَوْعَآءُ, [but see, respecting the latter, a remark of IAar in the next preceding paragraph,] a mare that excites admiration and approval, or pleases, or rejoices, (تَرُوعُ,) by her generousness, or excellence, or high blood, and her description. (TA.) [See also art. ريع, to which, as well as to the present art., رَائِعٌ, applied to a horse, is said, in the TA, to belong.] And زِينَةٌ رَائِعَةٌ Beautiful ornament. (TA.) And كَلَامٌ رَائِعٌ (tropical:) Surpassing, or excelling, speech, or language. (TA.) A2: Also Frightened, or afraid; and so ↓ رَوِعٌ, with the و unaltered, as though it were of the measure فَعِيلٌ: [or both signify having fright or fear: for] each is a possessive epithet: or the former may be of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ [and therefore have the signification first given]. (TA.) أَرْوَعُ: fem. رَوْعَآءُ: pl. رُوعٌ: see the two paragraphs next preceding; the former in three places; the latter, in five.

رهن

1 رَهَنَ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. رَهْنٌ, (S, TA,) or رُهُونٌ, (Msb,) It (a thing, S, Msb, TA) continued, subsisted, lasted, endured, remained, or remained fixed or stationary; it was, or became, permanent, constant, firm, steady, stead fast, stable, fixed, fast, settled, or established. (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA.) This is the primary signification. (Mgh, TA. *) b2: Hence, (Mgh,) رَهَنَ بِالمَكَانِ (tropical:) He remained, stayed, dwelt, or abode, in the place. (A, Mgh, TA.) b3: And رَهَنَ, (JK, S, K,) aor. ـَ (K, TA,) or ـُ (JK, [but this I think to be a mis take,]) inf. n. رُهُونٌ, (K,) said of a man, and of a camel, (JK, S, * TA,) and of any beast (TA,) He was, or became, lean, or emaciated; (JK, S, K, TA;) and fatigued, tired, weary, or jaded. (JK, TA.) You say, رَكِبَ حَتَّى رَهَنَ He rode until he became lean, or emaciated. (ISh, TA. [See رَاهِنٌ.]) A2: As trans., see 4, first signification. b2: [Hence,] as a law term, رَهْنٌ signifies The putting, or placing, an article of real property [to remain] as a pledge, or security, or making it to be such, for a debt that is obligatory or that will become obligatory. (TA.) You say, رَهَنَهُ الشَّىْءَ, and رَهَنَهُ عِنْدَهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. رَهْنٌ (Msb, TA) [and رَهِينَةٌ, q. v. voce رَهْنٌ]; and ↓ ارهنهُ الشَّىْءَ; (S, K;) all signify the same; (S;) i. e. He deposited the thing with him (Msb, K) [as a pledge] to be in lieu of that which he had taken, or received, from him: (K:) [i. e. he pledged the thing to him, or with him:] and رَهَنْتُ المَتَاعَ بِالدَّيْنِ, inf. n. رَهْنٌ, I restricted the commodity or placed it in custody, for, or by reason of, the debt; and بالدين ↓ ارهنتهُ is a dial. var. thereof, but of rare occurrence, and disallowed by those who are held in esteem: (Msb:) for, properly, they say, (Msb,) زَيْدًا الثَّوْبَ ↓ أَرْهَنْتُ signifies I gave to Zeyd the garment, or piece of cloth, in order that he should deposit it as a pledge (Msb, K *) with some one. (Msb.) 'Abd-Allah Ibn Hemmám Es-Saloolee says, (S,) or Hemmám Ibn-Murrah, (TA,) مَالِكَا ↓ نَجَوْتُ وَ أَرْهَنْتُهُمْ فَلَمَّا خَشِيتُ أَظَافِيرَهُمْ [And when I dreaded their nails, I escaped, and gave them, or left with them, as a pledge, Málik]: thus, says Th, all relate the verse, except As, who says وَ أَرْهَنُهُمْ مالكا [i. e. leaving with them, as a pledge, Málik]: he likens this phrase to the say ing قُمْتُ وَ أَصُكُّ وَجْهَهُ; and this is a good way of explaining it; for the و is that which is a deno tative of state; the meaning being صَاكًّا وَجْهَهُ: [accord. to the former reading, in the opinion of Th,] the poet means I left Málik remaining with them; not as a pledge; because [when the leaving a thing as a pledge is meant, in his opinion,] one does not say, الشَّىْءَ ↓ أَرْهَنْتُ, but only رَهَنْتُهُ. (S, TA.) [See, however, 4.] You say also, رَهَنَهُ عَنْهُ, inf. n. رَهْنٌ, meaning He made him, or it, to be a pledge in lieu of him, or it: a poet, asserted by IJ to be a pagan, says, اِرْهَنْ بَنِيكَ عَنْهُمُ أَرْهَنْ بَنِىْ [Make thou thy sons to be pledges in lieu of them: in that case I will make my sons to be pledges: بَنِى being for بَنِىَّ]. (TA.) And رَهَنْتُهُ لِسَانِى (assumed tropical:) [I made my tongue to be as though it were a pledge to him, to be restrained, or to be used, for his sake or benefit]: in this case one should not say ↓ أَرْهَنْتُهُ; (IAar, K;) though one says thus of a garment, or piece of cloth, [&c.,] as well as رَهَنْتُهُ. (TA.) 3 رَاهُنْتُ فُلَانًا عَلَى كَذَا, (S, Msb,) inf. n. مُرَاهَنَةٌ, (S,) or رِهَانٌ, (Msb,) or both, (K, and so in a copy of the S,) I laid a bet, or wager, or stake, with such a one, for such a thing, (S, Msb, K, *) mostly (TA) said in relation to horses running a race, (JK, TA, *) to be taken by him who should outstrip, or overcome. (Msb.) b2: The inf. ns. also signify (tropical:) The contending [of two persons] to outstrip [in a race] upon horses, (K, TA,) and otherwise. (TA.) Hence the prov., هُمَا كَفَرَسَىْ رِهَانٍ [explained in art. فرس]. (JK.) 4 ارهن He made (a thing, Msb,) to continue, subsist, last, endure, remain, or remain fixed or stationary; to be, or become, permanent, can stant, firm, steady, steadfast, stable, fixed, fast, settled, or established; (S, * Mgh, * Msb, K; *) and so ↓ رَهَنَ; (K;) but the former is the more ap proved: (TA:) and also he found it to be so. (Msb.) You say, ارهن لَهُمُ الطَّعَامَ, (T, S, K, TA,) and الشَّرَابَ, (T, S, TA,) and المَالَ, (TA,) (tropical:) He continued, or made permanent, to them the food, (T, S, K, TA,) and the beverage, (T, S, TA,) and the property. (TA.) [And accord. to an expla nation of أُرْهِنَتْ (referring to dates), by 'Alee Ibn Hamzeh, cited in a marginal note in a copy of the S, in art. أَرْهَنَ, وهب signifies He prepared food, and continued it, or made it permanent.]

b2: [Hence ارهنهُ as used by some in another sense of رَهَنَهُ:] see 1, in six places. [That it is allowable to use it thus may be inferred from phrases here following.] b3: You say, أَرْهَنْتُ مَالِى I staked my property. (JK.) And أَرْهَنُوا بَيْنَهُمْ خَطَرًا They gave, of their own free will, what the party approved, whatever were its amount, to be to them a stake at a race. (TA.) And أَرْهَنْتُ بِهِ وَلَدِى (S, K, *) inf. n. إِرْهَانٌ, (S,) (assumed tropical:) I made my children to be as a stake for him, or it. (S, K. *) And ارهنهُ لِلْمَوْتِ (assumed tropical:) He resigned him to death. (IAar, TA.) And ارهن المَيِّتَ القَبْرَ (tropical:) He deposited the dead body in the grave [as a pledge to be rendered up on the day of resurrection]. (K, TA.) b4: Accord. to Az, (S, TA, in one copy of the S it is A'Obeyd,) أَرْهَنْتُ فِى السِّلْعَةِ signifies I bought the commodity for a dear, or an excessive, price; (S, K, TA;) gave largely for it until I obtained it: (TA:) accord. to ISk, I paid in advance for the commodity; syn. أَسْلَفْتُ; (S, TA;) and in the T it is said, [and in like manner in the JK,] that ارهن فِى كَذَا وَ كَذَا signifies اسلف فِيهِ: (TA:) [in the K it is said that أَرْهَنَهُ signifies أَسْلَفَهُ, as though it meant he lent him a sum of money &c.:] accord. to Er-Rághib, the proper meaning [of إِرْهَانٌ] is one's giving a com modity before [the full payment of] the price, and so making it to be pledged for the completion of its price. (TA.) A2: ارهنهُ also signifies He, or it, weakened him: (K:) [like أَوْهَنَهُ:] and rendered him lean, or emaciated. (TA.) And ارهن اللّٰهُ قُوَّتَهُ God weakened him; syn. أَوْهَنَهُ. (JK.) 6 تراهنا They two laid bets, wagers, or stakes, each with the other; syn. تَوَاضَعَا الرُّهُونَ. (TA.) And تراهن القَوْمُ The party contended together, every one of them laying a bet, wager, or stake, in order that the person outstripping should take the whole when he overcame. (Msb.) 8 ارتهن مِنْهُ He took, or received, from him a pledge. (K.) [Or] ارتهنهُ He took, or received, it as a pledge: (JK, Mgh:) or ارتهنهُ مِنْهُ he took, or received, it from him; namely, a pledge. (Msb.) b2: [Accord. to Freytag, ارتهنهُ بِهِ signifies He had him, or held him, as a pledge to him for it. And اُرْتُهِنَ He, or it, was given as a pledge. But for neither of these has he mentioned any authority.]10 إِسْتَرْهَنَ [استرهنهُ He asked him, or desired him, to pledge a thing with him: and, to give a pledge.] You say, اِسْتَرْهَنَنِى كَذَا فَرَهَنْتُهُ عِنْدَهُ [He asked me, or desired me, to pledge such a thing, or to deposit such a thing as a pledge, and I pledged it with him, or deposited it with him as a pledge]. (Mgh.) رَهْنٌ, originally an inf. n., (Msb,) is syn. with

↓ مَرْهُونٌ; (Mgh, Msb;) i. e. (Msb) it signifies [A pledge;] a thing deposited with a person (Msb, * K) to be in lieu of a thing that has been taken, or received, from him; (K;) or a thing that is deposited as a security for a debt: and ↓ رِهَانٌ has a similar meaning, but is specially applied to a thing that is deposited as a bet, or wager, or stake; and is likewise originally an inf. n.: (Er-Rághib, TA:) ↓ رَهِينَةٌ, also, is syn. with رَهْنٌ [as meaning the act of giving as a pledge], like as شَتِيمَةٌ is syn. with شَتْمٌ; the ة being added to give intensiveness to the significa tion: then, like رَهْنٌ, it is used as syn. with مَرْهُونٌ [in the sense explained above, as will be seen in what follows in this paragraph]; (IAth, TA;) [i. e.] رَهِينَةٌ is an inf. n. like شَتِيمَةٌ, applied to denote the pass. part. n. [used as a subst. pro perly so termed] like رَهْنٌ, not as an epithet; (Bd in lxxiv. 41;) [or, in other words,] رَهِينَةٌ signifies anything by reason of which a thing [such as a debt or the like] is restricted, or appro priated, to oneself; as also ↓ مُرْتَهَنَةٌ: (K: [I here follow two copies of the K, in which it is said, كُلُّ مَا احْتُبِسَ بِهِ شَىْءٌ فَرَهِينَةٌ وَ مُرْتَهَنَةٌ: in the CK, and in the copy of the K followed in the TA, فَرَهِينُهُ وَ مُرْتَهَنُهُ, which perverts the meaning, though ↓ رَهِينٌ and ↓ مُرْتَهَنٌ may be used in the same sense as رَهِينَةٌ and مُزْتَهَنَةٌ, as will be seen in the course of this paragraph: and in the TA, in the place of احْتُبِسَ, is put يحبس, meaning يُحْبَسُ: there is, however, this difference between ↓ رَهِينَةٌ and ↓ مُرْتَهَنَةٌ; that the former properly signifies a thing deposited as a pledge; and the latter, a thing taken, or received, as a pledge:]) the pl. of رَهْنٌ is رِهَانٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and رُهُونٌ (Mgh, Msb, K) and رُهُنٌ, (Mgh, K,) this last said to be a pl. of رَهْنٌ by Aboo-' Amr Ibn-El-' Alà, but disap proved by Akh, because a word of the measure فَعْلٌ has not a pl. of the measure فُعُلٌ except in rare and anomalous instances, though he says that it may be [as it is said to be in the Msb] pl. of رِهَانٌ, which is pl. of رَهْنٌ, (S,) and Fr says that رُهُنٌ is pl. of رِهَانٌ, but this is denied in the M, because any pl. may not be pluralized except when there is express authority for it and when the case does not admit of any other decision; (TA;) and رُهْنٌ, also, is another pl. of رَهْنٌ, (TA,) [or rather it is a contraction of رُهُنٌ;] and another pl. of رَهْنٌ [or rather a quasi-pl. n.] is ↓ رَهِينٌ, (IJ, K,) like as عَبِيدٌ is of عَبْدٌ: (TA:) the pl. of ↓ رَهِينَةٌ is رَهَائِنُ. (S, K.) غَلِقَ الرَّهْنُ بِمَا فِيهِ. [The pledge became, or has become, per manent as a possession, with what was, or is, comprised in it,] is a prov., applied to him who has fallen into a case from which he cannot hope to escape: it is said in a trad., لَا يَغْلَقُِ الرَّهْنُ, (Meyd,) [i. e. The pledge shall not remain, or let not the pledge remain, in the hand of its receiver when its depositer is able to release it; for] لا is here either negative or prohibitive: you say, غَلِقَ الرَّهْنُ, aor. ـْ inf. n. غُلُوقٌ [or غَلَقٌ], meaning The pledge remained in the hand of the receiver when the depositor was able to release it: (Nh, cited in a copy of the “ Jámi' es-Sagheer: ”) the trad. means that the receiver of the pledge shall not have a right to it when the depositer has not released it within a certain time: for it was a custom in the Time of Ignorance for the receiver to keep possession of the pledge in this case; but El-Islám abolished it. (Meyd, * Nh.) Yousay also, هُوَ رَهْنٌ بِكَذَا and بكذا ↓ رَهِينَةٌ He, or it, is [a person, or thing,] pledged for such a thing: (IAth, TA:) or taken [as a pledge] for such a thing; as also ↓ رَهِينٌ and ↓ مُرْتَهَنٌ. (TA.) and أَنَا رَهْنٌ بِكَذَا and ↓ رَهِينٌ and ↓ رَهِينَةٌ I am taken [as a pledge] for such a thing. (Mgh.) and [hence,] أَنَا لَكَ رَهْنٌ بِكَذَا (JK, TA) and ↓ رَهِينَةٌ (TA) I am responsible, or a surety, to thee for such a thing. (JK, TA.) And بِقَيْدِهِ ↓ رِجْلُهُ رَهِينَةٌ [His leg, or foot, is a pledge for the safe-keeping of his shackle: for if the meaning were مَرْهُونَةٌ it would be رَهِينٌ, without ة]. (TA.) And الخَلْقُ المَوْتِ ↓ رَهَائِنُ [Mankind, or all created beings, are the pledges of death]. (TA.) And هُوَ رَهْنُ يَدِ المَنِيَّةِ [He is the pledge of the hand of death, or of fate, or destiny]; said of one when he has sought, or courted, death. (TA.) And يَدِى لَكَ رَهْنٌ [My hand is a pledge to thee]; by which is meant responsibility, or suretiship. (TA.) and قَبْرٍ ↓ إِنَّهُ لَرَهِينُ [Verily he is the pledge of a grave, which will render him up on the day of resurrection]. (TA.) It is said in the Kur lxxiv. 41, ↓ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ, meaning [Every soul is a thing] pledged with God [for what it shall have wrought; its works being regarded as a debt, for which it will be either released or held in custody to be punished everlastingly]: رهينة being an inf. n. like شَتِيمَةٌ applied to denote the pass. part. n. [in a manner before mentioned] like رَهْنٌ; for if it were an epithet [i. e. used in the proper sense of a pass. part. n.] the word would be رَهِينٌ. (Bd.) And in lii. 21 of the same, كُلُّ

↓ امْرِئٍ بِمَا كَسَبَ رَهِينٌ, i. e. [Every man is] pledged (مَرْهُونٌ, Bd, Jel) with God (عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ) for what he shall have wrought; so that if he have done good, He will release him; but other wise, He will destroy [or hold in confinement and punish] him; (Bd;) or to be punished for evil, and recompensed for good. (Jel.) And it is said in a trad., بِعَقِيقَتِهِ ↓ كُلُّ غُلَامٍ رَهِينَةٌ [Every boy that is born is a pledge for his عقيقة, i. e. for the victim that is to be sacrificed for him when his head is shaven the first time; which is com monly regarded as his ransom from the fire of Hell]: i. e., the عقيقة is absolutely necessary for him; wherefore he is likened, when not released from it, to a pledge in the hand of the receiver: El-Khattábee says that the best explanation of it is that of Ahmad Ibn-Hambal; that if the عقيقة be not sacrificed for the boy and he die an infant, he will not intercede for his parents. (TA.) b2: See also what next follows.

هُوَ رِهْنُ مَالٍ, (JK, K, TA,) with kesr, (K,) and ↓ رَهْنُهُ, (JK,) He is a manager, tender, or superintendent, of cattle, or camels &c.; or a good pastor thereof. (K, * TA.) رِهَانٌ, as a sing: see رَهْنٌ. b2: It is also a pl. of the latter word. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) رَهِينٌ: see مَرْهُونٌ: and see also رَهْنٌ in six places.

رَهِينَةٌ, and its pl. رَهَائِنُ: see رَهْنٌ, in ten places.

رَاهِنٌ Continuing, subsisting, lasting, enduring, remaining, or remaining fixed or stationary, permanent, constant, firm, steady, steadfast, stable, fixed, fast, settled, or established. (S, * Mgh, Msb.) You say طَعَامٌ رَاهِنٌ (S, Mgh) Food that continues, or is permanent, &c. (Mgh.) And خَمْرٌ رَاهِنَةٌ Wine of which there is a con tinual, or constant, supply; uninterrupted, or unfailing. (TA.) And نِعْمَةُ اللّٰهِ رَاهِنَةٌ, i. e. [The bounty of God is] continual, permanent, or constant. (TA.) And حَالَةٌ رَاهِنَةٌ A state, or condition, continuing; remaining to the present time. (Es-Semeen, TA.) And هٰذَا رَاهِنٌ لَكَ meaning This is continual, or permanent, to thee; beloved by thee; and also as explained below. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) Remaining, staying, dwelling, or abid ing, in a place. (JK.) b3: Prepared. (K.) One says, هٰذَا رَاهِنٌ لَكَ meaning as explained above, and also This is prepared for thee. (TA.) b4: As an epithet applied to a man, and a camel, (JK, S, TA,) and any beast, (TA,) Lean, or emaciated; (JK, S, K, TA;) accord. to ISh, in consequence of riding, or disease, or some [other] accident: (TA:) and fatigued, tired, weary, or jaded. (JK, TA.) b5: And إِبِلٌ رَاهِنَةٌ Camels that will not, or do not, pasture upon the [plants, or tress, termed] حَمْض. (JK.) رَاهِنَةٌ The navel, with what surrounds it, (JK, Az, K,) in the outer part of the belly (JK) of the horse. (JK, Az, K.) إِرْهَانٌ A thong, or strap, that is bound upon the middle of the نِير [or yoke] that is upon the two bulls [drawing a plough]. (JK.) أُرْهُونٌ A girl, or young woman menstruating: (K:) seen by Az in the handwriting of Aboo Bekr El-Iyádee, but not seen by him on any other authority. (TA.) مَرْهُونٌ [Pledged; deposited as a pledge; or] restricted, or placed in custody, for, or by reason of, a debt; (S, * Msb;) originally مَرْهُونٌ بِالدَّيْنِ [or بِدَيْنٍ]; (Msb;) and ↓ رَهِينٌ signifies the same; (S, Msb;) and the fem. of this [or rather the subst. formed from it, for when it is used as a fem. epithet, having the sense of a pass. part. n., it is without ة, as remarked above, voce رَهْنٌ,] is رَهِينَةٌ. (S.) الأُمُورُ مَرْهُونَةٌ بِأَوْقَاتِهَا is expl. by مَكْفُولَةٌ [app. meaning Events are guaranteed, or pledged, for their times, to which they are limited by the decrees of God]. (TA.) See also رَهْنٌ.

مُرْتَهَنٌ: see رَهْنٌ, in two places.

مُرْتَهِنٌ One who takes, or receives, a رَهْن [or pledge]. (S.) مُرْتَهَنَةٌ: see رَهْنٌ, in two places.

شعر

1 شَعَرَ بِهِ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) and شَعُرَ بِهِ, (K,) which latter is disallowed by some, but both are correct, though the former is the [more] chaste, (TA,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. شِعْرٌ (S, Msb, K, &c.) and شَعْرٌ (K, TA) and شَعَرٌ, (TA, and so in the CK in the place of شَعْرٌ,) but the first is the most common, (TA,) and شِعْرَةٌ (Msb, K) and شَعْرَةٌ and شُعْرَةٌ, (K,) of which last three the first is the most common, (TA,) and شِعْرَى and شُعْرَى (K) and شَعْرَى (TA) and شُعُورٌ (Msb, K) and شُعُورَةٌ, (K,) which is said to be the inf. n. of شَعُرَ, (TA,) and مَشْعُورٌ and مَشْعُورَةٌ (Lh, K) and مَشْعُورَآءُ, (K,) which is of extr. form, (TA,) He knew it; knew, or had knowledge, of it; was cognizant of it; or understood it; (S, * A, Msb, K, TA;) as also شَعَرَ لَهُ: (Lh, TA:) or he knew the minute particulars of it: or he perceived it by means of [any of] the senses. (TA.) Lh mentions the phrase أَشْعُرُ فُلَانًا مَا عَمِلَهُ and أَشْعُرُ لِفُلَانٍ مَا عَمِلَهُ [I know what such a one did or has done], and مَا شَعَرْتُ فُلَانًا مَا عَمِلَهُ [I knew not what such a one did], as on the authority of Ks, and says that they are forms of speech used by the Arabs. (TA.) [See also شِعْرٌ, below.] b2: شَعَرَ, (A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb, K,) inf. n. شِعْرٌ and شَعْرٌ, (K, TA,) or شَعَرٌ, (so accord. to the CK instead of شَعْرٌ,) He said, or spoke, or gave utterance to, poetry; spoke in verse; poetized; or versified; syn. قَالَ شِعْرًا; [for poetry was always spoken by the Arabs in the classical times; and seldom written, if written at all, until after the life-time of the author;] (A, Msb, K;) as also شَعُرَ: (K:) or the latter signifies he made good, or excellent, poetry or verses; (K, MF;) and this is the signification more commonly approved, as being more agreeable with analogy: (MF:) or the latter signifies he was, or became, a poet; (S;) as also شَعِرَ, aor. ـَ (TA.) One says, شَعَرْتُ لِفُلَانٍ I said, or spoke, poetry, &c., to such a one. (TS, O, TA.) And لَوْ شَعُرَ بِنَقْصِهِ لَمَا شَعَرَ [Had he known his deficiency, he had not spoken poetry, or versified]. (A.) A2: شَاعَرَهُ فَشَعَرَهُ: see 3.

A3: شَعَرَ as a trans. verb syn. with اشعر: see 4. b2: As syn. with شاعر: see 3.

A4: شَعِرَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. شَعَرٌ, (TA,) His (a man's, TA) hair became abundant (K, TA) and long: (TA:) and said likewise of a goat, or other hairy animal, his hair became abundant. (TA.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) He possessed slaves. (Lh, K.) 2 شعّر as an intrans. verb: see 4: b2: and as a trans. verb also: see 4.3 شَاْعَرَ ↓ شَاعَرَهُ فَشَعَرَهُ, (S, K,) aor. of the latter شَعَرَ, that is with fet-h, (S, MF,) accord. to Ks, who holds it to be thus even in this case, where superiority is signified, on account of the faucial letter; or, accord. to most, شَعُرَ, agreeably with the general rule; (MF;) He vied, or contended, with him in poetry, and he surpassed him therein. (S, K, MF.) A2: And شاعرهُ, (S,) and شاعرها, (A, Msb, K,) and ↓ شَعَرَهَا, (A, K,) He slept with him, and with her, (نَاوَمَهُ, S, and نَامَ مَعَهَا, Msb, K, or ضَاجَعَهَا, A,) in one شِعَار [or innermost garment]. (S, A, Msb, K.) A3: [Reiske, as mentioned by Freytag, explains شاعر as signifying also Tractavit, prensavit, vellicavit: but without naming any authority.]4 اشعرهُ He made him to know. (S.) Yousay, اشعرهُ بِالأَمْرِ and الأَمْرَ, (K,) the latter of which is less usual than the former, because one says شَعَرَ بِهِ but not شَعَرَهُ, (MF,) He aquainted him with the affair; made him to know it. (K.) And أَشْعَرْتُ أَمْرَ فَلَانٍ I made known the affair of such a one. (A.) And أَشْعَرْتُ فُلَانًا I made such a one notorious for an evil deed or quality. (A.) b2: Also, (inf. n. إِشْعَارٌ, Msb,) He marked it, namely a beast destined for sacrifice at Mekkeh, (S, * Mgh, Msb, * K, TA,) by stabbing it in the right side of its hump so that blood flowed from it, (S,) or by making a slit in its skin, (K,) or by stabbing it (K, TA) in one side of its hump with a مِبْضَع or the like, (TA,) so that the blood appeared, (K, TA,) or by making an incision in its hump so that the blood flowed, (Msb,) in order that it might be known to be destined for sacrifice. (S, Msb.) b3: [Hence, app.,] (assumed tropical:) He wounded him so as to cause blood to come. (TA.) It is said in a trad. respecting the assassination of 'Othmán, أَشْعَرَهُ مِشْقَصًا (assumed tropical:) He wounded him so as to cause blood to come with a مشقص [q. v.]: (TA:) and in another trad., أَشْعِرَ أَمِيرُ المُؤْمِنِينَ (assumed tropical:) [The Prince of the Faithful was wounded so that blood came from him]. (S.) b4: And (tropical:) He pierced him with a spear so as to make the spearhead enter his inside: and اشعرهُ سِنَانًا (tropical:) he made the spear-head to enter into the midst of him: [but this is said to be] from اشعرهُ بِهِ “ he made it to cleave to it. ” (TA.) أَشْعِرَ is said specially of a king, meaning He was slain. (A, TA.) b5: Also He made it to be a distinguishing sign: as when the performance of a religious service is made, or appointed, by God to be a sign [whereby his religion is distinguished]. (TA.) b6: and اشعروا They called, uttering their شِعَار [whereby they might know one another]: or they appointed for themselves a شِعَار in their journey. (Lh, K, TA. [See also 10.]) A2: مَا أَشْعَرَهُ [How good, or excellent, a poet is he !]. (TA in art. خزى: see مُخْزٍ in that art.) A3: اشعر [from شَعْرٌ or شَعَرٌ signifying “ hair ”] It (a fœtus, S, A, K, in the belly of its mother, TA) had hair growing upon it; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ تشعّر; (S, K;) and ↓ شعّر, inf. n. تَشْعِيرٌ; and ↓ استشعر. (K.) b2: And اشعرت She (a camel) cast forth her fœtus with hair upon it. (Ktr, K.) b3: And اشعر He lined a boot, (A, K,) and a جُبَّة, (A,) and the مِيثَرَة of a horse's saddle, and a قَلَنْسُوَة, and the like, (TA,) with hair; (A, K;) as also ↓ شَعَرَ; (Lh, A, K;) and ↓ شعّر, (K,) inf. n. تَشْعِيرٌ: (TA:) or, said of a ميثرة, he covered it with hair. (A.) b4: and اشعرهُ He clad him with a شِعَار [i. e. an innermost garment]. (S, A, K.) And He put on him a garment as a شِعَار, i. e., next his body. (TA.) [Hence,] اشعرهُ فُلَانٌ شَرًّا (tropical:) Such a one involved him in evil. (S, A.) And اشعرهُ الحُبُّ مَرَضًا (assumed tropical:) [Love involved him in disease]. (S.) and اشعرهُ بِهِ (assumed tropical:) He made it (i. e. anything) to cleave, or stick, to it, [like the شِعَار to the body,] i. e., to another thing. (K.) b5: [And (assumed tropical:) It clave to him, or it, as the شِعَار cleaves to the body. Hence,] اشعرهُ الهَمُّ (tropical:) [Anxiety clave to him as the شِعَار cleaves to the body]. (A.) And اشعر الهَمُّ قَلْبِى (tropical:) Anxiety clave to my heart (K, TA) as the شِعَار cleaves to the body. (TA.) And أَشْعَرَ الرَّجُلُ هَمًّا (tropical:) The man clave to anxiety as the شِعَار cleaves to the body. (S, TA. [In one of my copies of the S, أُشْعِرَ, accord. to which reading, the phrase should be rendered The man was made to have anxiety cleaving to him &c.]) A4: اشعر السِّكِّينَ (tropical:) He put a شَعِيرَة [q. v.] to the knife. (S, A, K. *) 5 تَشَعَّرَ see 4, in the latter half of the paragraph.6 تشاعر He affected, or pretended, to be a poet, not being such. (See its part. n., below.)]10 استشعرت البَقَرَةُ The cow uttered a cry to her young one, desiring to know its state. (A, TA.) b2: And استشعروا They called, one to another, uttering the شِعَار [by which they were mutually known], in war, or fight. (TA. [See also 4.]) A2: استشعر as syn. with اشعر and تشعّر: see 4, in the latter half of the paragraph. b2: Also, (A,) or استشعر شِعَارًا, (K,) He put on, or clad himself with, a شعار [i. e. an innermost garment]. (A, K.) [Hence,] اِسْتَشْعِرْ خَشْيَةَ اللّٰهِ (tropical:) Make thou the fear of God to be شِعَارَ قَلْبِكَ [i. e. the thing next to thy heart]. (TA.) And استشعر خَوْفًا (tropical:) He conceived in his mind fear. (S, A. *) شَعْرٌ and ↓ شَعَرٌ, (A, Msb, K, but only the latter in my copies of the S and in the O,) two wellknown dial. vars., the like being common in cases of this kind, in which the medial radical letter is a faucial, (MF,) [but the latter I have found to be the more common,] Hair; i. e. what grows upon the body, that is not صُوف nor وَبَر; (K;) it is an appertenance of human beings and of other animals: (S, A, Msb:) [when spoken of as used in the fabrication of cloth for tents &c., the meaning intended is goats' hair: (see 4 in art. بنى:)] of the masc. gender: (Msb, TA:) pl. (of the former, Msb) شُعُورٌ and (of the latter, Msb) أَشْعَارٌ (S, Msb, K) and (of the latter also, TA) شِعَارٌ: (K, TA:) and ↓ أُشَيْعَارٌ, properly dim. of أَشْعَارٌ, is used, accord. to Aboo-Ziyád, as dim. of شُعُورٌ: (TA:) the n. un. is with ة: (S, A, * Msb, K:) and this, i. e. شَعْرَةٌ [or شَعَرَهٌ], is also used metonymically as a pl. (K, TA.) One says, بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَكَ المَالُ شَقُّ الشَّعْرَةِ and شَقُّ الأُبْلُمَةِ (assumed tropical:) [The property is, or shall be, equally divided between me and thee]. (TA.) And رَأَى فُلَانٌ الشَّعْرَةَ Such a one saw, or has seen, hoariness, or white hairs, (Yaakoob, S, A, TA,) upon his head. (TA.) b2: [The n. un.] شَعْرَةٌ is also used, metonymically, as meaning (tropical:) A daughter. (TA.) b3: And ↓ شَعَرٌ (K, and so accord. to the TA, but in the CK ↓ شُعْرٌ,) signifies also (tropical:) Plants and trees; (K, TA;) as being likened to hair. (TA.) b4: And the same, (A, K, TA, but in the CK ↓ شُعْرٌ,) (tropical:) Saffron (A, K) before it is pulverized. (A.) شُعْرٌ: see the next two preceding sentences.

شِعْرٌ [an inf. n., (see 1, first sentence,) and used as a simple subst. signifying] Knowledge; cognizance: (K, TA:) or knowledge of the minute particulars of things: or perception by means of [any of] the senses. (TA.) One says, لَيْتَ شِعْرِى فُلَانًا مَا صَنَعَ, (Ks, Lh, S, * Msb, * K, *) and لَيْتَ شِعْرِى لَهُ مَا صَنَعَ, and لَيْتَ شِعْرِى عَنْهُ مَا صَنَعَ, (Ks, Lh, K, *) i. e. Would that I knew what such a one did, or has done; (S, * K, * Msb, * TA;) for would that my knowledge were present at, or comprehending, what such a one did, or has done; the phrase being elliptical: (TA:) accord. to Sb, لَيْتَ شِعْرِى is for ليت شِعْرَتِى, the ة being elided as in هُوَ أَبُو عُذْرِهَا [for هو ابو عُذْرَتِهَا], (S, TA,) the elision of the ة in this latter instance, as Sb says, being peculiar to the case of the words being preceded by ابو; [but see عُذْرَةٌ;] and as in إِقَامَة when used as a prefixed noun; though لَيْتَ شِعْرَتِى is not now known to have been heard. (TA.) One says also, لَيْتَ شِعْرِى مَا كَانَ Would that I knew what happened, or has happened. (A.) b2: The predominant signification of شِعْرٌ is Poetry, or verse; (Msb, K;) because of its preeminence by reason of the measure and the rhyme; though every kind of knowledge is شِعْرٌ: (K:) or because it relates the minute affairs of the Arabs, and the occult particulars of their secret affairs, and their facetiæ: (Er-Rághib, TA:) it is properly defined as language qualified by rhyme and measure intentionally; which last restriction excludes the like of the saying in the Kur [xciv. 3 and 4], اَلَّذِى أَنْقَضَ ظَهْرَكْ وَرَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكْ, because this is not intentionally qualified by rhyme and measure: (KT; and the like is said in the Msb:) and sometimes a single verse is thus termed: (Akh, TA:) pl. أَشْعَارٌ. (S, K.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) Falsehood; because of the many lies in poetry. (B, TA.) شَعَرٌ: see شَعْرٌ, in two places.

شَعِرٌ: see أَشْعَرُ. b2: [The fem.] شَعِرَةٌ signifies [particularly] A sheep or goat (شَاةٌ) having hair growing between the two halves of its hoof, which in consequence bleed: or having an itching in its knees, (K, TA,) and therefore always scratching with them. (TA.) شَعْرَةٌ and شَعَرَةٌ ns. un. of شَعْرٌ [q. v.] and شَعَرٌ.

شِعْرَةٌ The hair of the pubes; (T, Msb, K;) as also ↓ شِعْرَآء, [accord. to general analogy with tenween,] or ↓ شَعْرَآء, [and if so, without tenween,] accord to different copies of the K; (TA;) of a man and of a woman; and of the hinder part of a woman: (T, Msb:) or the hair of the pubes of a woman, specially: (S, O, Msb:) and the pubes (عَانَة) [itself]: (K:) and the place of growth of the hair beneath the navel. (K, * TA.) b2: Also A portion of hair. (K, * TA.) الشِّعْرَى [The star Sirius;] a certain bright star, also called المِرْزَمُ; (TA; [but see this latter appellation;]) the star that rises [aurorally] after الجَوْزَآء [by which is here meant Gemini], in the time of intense heat, (S, TA,) and after الهَقْعَة [app. a mistranscription for الهَنْعَة]: (TA:) [about the epoch of the Flight, it rose aurorally, in Central Arabia, on the 13th of July, O. S.: (see النَّثْرَةُ; and see also مَنَازِلُ القَمَرِ, in art. نزل:) on the periods of its rising at sunset, and setting aurorally, see دَبَرٌ and دَبُورٌ:] the Arabs say, إِذَا طَلَعَتِ الشِّعْرَى جَعَلَ صَاحِبُ النَّخْلِ يَرَى [When Sirius rises aurorally, the owner of the palm-trees begins to see what their fruit will be]: (TA:) there are two stars of this name; الشِّعْرَى العَبُورُ and الشِّعْرَى الغُمَيْصَآءُ, (S, K,) together called الشِّعْرَيَانِ: the former is that [above mentioned] which is in [a mistake for “ after ”] الجَوْزَآء, and the latter is [Procyon,] in the ذِرَاع [by which is meant الذِّرَاعُ المَقْبُوضَةُ, not الذِّرَاعُ المَبْسُوطَةُ]; (S;) and both together are called the two Sisters of Suheyl (سُهَيْل [i. e. Canopus]): (S, K:) the former was worshipped by a portion of the Arabs; and hence God is said in the Kur-án to be Lord of الشِّعْرَى: (TA:) it is called العَبُور because of its having crossed the Milky Way; and the other is called الغُمَيْصَآء because said by the Arabs to have wept after the former until it had foul thick matter in the corner of the eye: (K in art. غمص:) the former is also called الشِّعْرَى اليَمَانِيَّةُ [the Yemenian, or Southern, شعرى]; and the latter, الشِّعْرَى الشَّامِيَّةُ [the Syrian, or Northern, شعرى]. (Kzw.) شَعْرَآءُ fem. of أَشْعَرُ [q. v.: under which head it is also mentioned either as a subst. or as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant]. b2: See also شِعْرَةٌ.

شِعْرَآء [app., if correct, with tenween]: see شِعْرَةٌ.

شِعْرِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, poetry; poetical. b2: And also (assumed tropical:) False, or lying]. One says أَدِلَّةٌ شِعْرِيَّةٌ (assumed tropical:) False, or lying, evidences or arguments: because of the many lies in poetry. (B, TA.) A2: [and Of, or relating to, الشِّعْرَى, i. e. Sirius.] You say, رَعَيْنَا شِعْرِىَّ المَرَاعِى We pastured our cattle upon the herbage of which the growth was consequent upon the نَوْء [i. e. the auroral rising or setting] of الشِّعْرَى [or Sirius]. (A.) شَعَرِيَّاتٌ The young ones of the رَخَم [i. e. vultur percnopterus]. (K.) شَعْرَانُ: see أَشْعَرُ. b2: شَعْرَان [app. without tenween, being probably originally an epithet, also] signifies (assumed tropical:) The [shrub called] رِمْث, (K,) or a species thereof, (Tekmileh, TA,) green, inclining to dust-colour: (Tekmileh, K, TA:) or a species of [the kind of plants called] حَمْض, dust-coloured: (TA:) or حَمْض upon which hares feed, and in which they [make their forms, i. e.] lie, cleaving to the ground; it is like the large أُشْنَانَة [here app. used as the n. un. of أُشْنَانٌ, i. e. kali, or glasswort], has slender twigs, and appears from afar black. (AHn, TA.) شُعْرُورٌ [A poetaster]: see شَاعِرٌ.

A2: Also, accord. to analogy, sing. of شَعَارِيرُ, which is (assumed tropical:) Syn. with شُعْرٌ [as pl. of شَعْرَآءُ, q. v. voce أَشْعَرُ], meaning the flies that collect upon the sore on the back of a camel, and, when roused, disperse themselves from it. (TA.) [Hence the saying,] ذَهَبَ القَوْمُ شَعَارِيرَ (assumed tropical:) The people dispersed themselves, or became dispersed: (S:) and ذَهَبُوا شَعَارِيرَ بِقُذَّانَ, (K,) or بِقَذَّانَ, and بِقِذَّانَ, (TA,) and بِقِنْدَحْرَةَ, (K,) and بِقِنْذَحْرَةَ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) They went away in a state of dispersion, like flies: (K:) شعارير thus used being pl. of شُعْرُورٌ; (TA;) or having no sing. (Fr, Akh, S, TA.) And أَصْبَحَتْ شَعَارِيرَ بِقِرْدَحْمَةَ, and بِقِرْذَحْمَةَ, and بِقِنْدَحْرَةَ and بِقِدَّحْرَةَ, and بِقِذَّحْرَةَ, (assumed tropical:) They became beyond reach, or power. (Lh, TA.) b2: And the same pl. شَعَارِيرُ, having no sing., also signifies (assumed tropical:) A certain game (S, K, TA) of children. (TA.) You say, لَعِبْنَا الشَّعَارِيرَ [We played at the game of الشعارير]: and هٰذَا لَعِبُ الشَّعَارِيرِ [This is the game of الشعارير]. (S.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) A sort of women's ornaments, like barley [-corns], made of gold and of silver, and worn upon the neck. (TA.) b4: And شُعْرُورَةٌ [n. un. of شُعْرُورٌ] signifies A small قِثَّآء [or cucumber]: pl. شَعَارِيرُ [as above]. (S, K.) شَعْرَانِىٌّ: see أَشْعَرُ.

A2: أَرْنَبٌ شَعْرَانِيَّةٌ A hare that feeds upon the شَعْرَان [q. v.], and that [makes its form therein, i. e.] lies therein, cleaving to the ground. (AHn, TA.) شَعَارٌ (tropical:) Trees; (ISk, Er-Riyáshee, S, A, K;) as also ↓ شِعَارٌ: (As, ISh, K:) or tangled, or luxuriant, or abundant and dense, trees; (T, K;) as also ↓ شِعَارٌ: (Sh, T, K:) or (TA, but in the K “ and ”) trees in land that is soft (K, TA) and depressed, between eminences, (TA,) where people alight, (K, TA,) such as is termed دَهْنَآء, and the like, (TA,) warming themselves thereby in winter, and shading themselves thereby in summer, as also ↓ مَشْعَرٌ: (K, TA:) or this last signifies any place in which are a خَمَر [or covert of trees, &c.,] and [other] trees; and its pl. is مَشَاعِرُ. (TA.) One says, أَرْضٌ كَثِيرَةُ الشَّعَارِ (assumed tropical:) A land abounding in trees [&c.]. (S.) b2: See also the next paragraph, latter half.

شِعَارٌ A sign of people in war, (S, Msb, K,) and in a journey (K) &c., (TA,) i. e. (Msb) a call or cry, (A, Mgh, Msb,) by means of which to know one another: (S, A, Mgh, Msb:) and the شِعَار of soldiers is a sign that is set up in order that a man may thereby know his companions: (TA:) and شِعَار signifies also the banners, or standards, of tribes. (TA in art. برم.) It is said in a trad. that the شِعَار of the Prophet in war was يَا مَنْصُورُ أَمِتْ أَمِتْ [O Mansoor, (a proper name of a man, meaning “ aided ” &c.,) kill thou, kill thou]. (TA.) and it is said that he appointed the شِعَار of the refugees on the day of Bedr to be يابَنِى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمٰنِ: and the شعار of El-Khazraj, يا بَنِى عَبْدِ اللّٰهِ: and that of El-Ows, يَا بَنِى عُبَيْدِ اللّٰهِ: and their شعار on the day of El-Ahzáb, حٰم لَا يُنْصَرُونَ. (Mgh.) b2: And Thunder; (Tekmileh, K;) as being a sign of rain. (TK.) b3: شِعَارُ الحَجِّ means The religious rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage; and the signs thereof; (K;) and, (TA,) as also ↓ الشَعَائِرُ, (S,) the practices of the pilgrimage, and whatever is appointed as a sign of obedience to God; (S, Msb, * TA;) as the halting [at Mount 'Arafát], and the circuiting [around the Kaabeh], and the سَعْى [or tripping to and fro between Es-Safà and El-Marweh], and the throwing [of the pebbles at Minè], and the sacrifice, &c.; (TA;) and ↓ شَعِيرَةٌ and ↓ شِعَارَةٌ and ↓ مَشْعرٌ signify the same as شِعَارٌ: (L:) ↓ شَعِيرَةٌ is the sing. of شَعَائِرُ meaning as expl. above; (As, S, Msb;) or, as some say, the sing. is ↓ شِعَارَةٌ: (As, S:) or ↓ شَعِيرَةٌ and ↓ شِعَارَةٌ, by some written ↓ شَعَارَةٌ, and ↓ مَشْعَرٌ, signify a place [of the performance] of religious rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage; expl. in the K by مُعْظَمُهَا, which is a mistake for مَوْضِعُهَا; (TA;) and ↓ مَشَاعِرُ, places thereof: (S:) or الحَجِّ ↓ شَعَائِرُ signifies the مَعَالِم [or characteristic practices] of the pilgrimage, to which God has invited, and the performance of which He has commanded; (K;) as also ↓ المَشَاعِرُ: (TA:) and اللّٰهِ ↓ شَعَائِرُ, all those religious services which God has appointed to us as signs; as the halting [at Mount 'Arafát], and the سَعْى [or tripping to and fro between Es-Safà and El-Marweh], and the sacrificing of victims: (Zj, TA:) or the rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage, and the places where those rites and ceremonies are performed; (Bd in v. 2 and xxii. 33;) among which places are Es-Safà and El-Marweh, they being thus expressly termed; (Kur ii. 153;) and so accord. to Fr in the Kur v. 2: (TA:) or the obligatory statutes or ordinances of God: (Bd in v. 2:) or the religion of God: (Bd in v. 2 and xxii. 33:) the camels or cows or bulls destined to be sacrificed at Mekkeh are also said in the Kur xxii. 37, to be مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللّٰهِ, i. e. of the signs of the religion of God: (Bd and Jel:) and [hence the sing.]

↓ شَعِيرَةٌ signifies [sometimes] a camel or cow or bull that is brought to Mekkeh for sacrifice; (S, K;) such as is marked in the manner expl. voce أَشْعَرَ; (Msb;) and شَعَائِرُ is its pl.; (K;) and is also pl. of شِعَارٌ: and the [festival called the]

عِيد is said to be a شِعَار of the شَعَائِر [i. e. a sign of the signs of the religion] of El-Islám. (Msb.) b4: شِعَارُ الدَّمِ is said to mean (tropical:) The piece of rag: or (tropical:) the vulva: because each is a thing that indicates the existence of blood. (Mgh.) A2: Also The [innermost garment; or] garment that is next the body; (S, Msb;) the garment that is next the hair of the body, under the دِثَار; as also ↓ شَعَارٌ; (K;) but this is strange: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَشْعِرَةٌ and [of mult.] شُعُرٌ. (K.) [Hence,] one says, لَبِسَ شِعَارَ الهَمِّ (tropical:) [He involved himself in anxiety]. (A.) And جَعَلَ الخَوْفَ شِعَارَهُ (assumed tropical:) [He made fear to be as though it were his innermost garment], by closely cleaving to it. (TA in art. درع.) [Hence, also,] it is said in a prov., هُمُ الشِّعَارُ دُونَ الدِّثَارِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) They are near in respect of love: and in a trad., relating to the Ansár, أَنْتُمُ الشِّعَارُ وَالنَّاسُ الدِّثَارُ (assumed tropical:) Ye are the special and close friends [and the people in general are the less near in friendship]. (TA.) b2: Also A horse-cloth; a covering for a horse to protect him from the cold. (K.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) A thing with which wine [app. while in the vat] is protected, or preserved from injury: (L, K: [for الخَمْرُ, the reading in the CK, the author of the TK has read الخُمُرُ (and thus I find the word written in my MS. copy of the K) or الخُمْرُ, pls. of الخِمَارُ; and Freytag has followed his example: but الخَمْرُ is the right reading, as is shown by what here follows:]) so in the saying of El-Akhtal, فَكَفَّ الرِّيحَ وَالأَنْدَآءَ عَنْهَا مِنَ الزَّرَجُونِ دُونَهُمَا الشِّعَارُ

[evidently describing wine, and app. meaning (assumed tropical:) And the شعار of the wine, (الشِّعَارُ مِنَ الزَّرَجُونَ, i. e. شِعَارُ الزَّرَجُونِ,) while yet in the vat, intervening as an obstacle to them, kept off the wind and the rains, or dews, or day-dews, from it, namely, the wine]. (L.) b4: See also شَعَارٌ, in two places.

A3: Also Death. (O, K.) شَعِيرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) which may be also pronounced شِعِيرٌ, agreeably with the dial. of Temeem, as may any word of the measure فَعِيلٌ of which the medial radical letter is a faucial, and, accord. to Lth, certain of the Arabs pronounced in a similar manner any word of that measure of which the medial radical letter is not a faucial, like كَبِيرٌ and جَلِيلٌ and كَرِيمٌ, (MF,) [and thus do many in the present day, others pronouncing the fet-h in this case, more correctly, in the manner termed إِمَالَة, i. e. as “ e ” in our word “ bed: ”

Barley;] a certain grain, (S, Msb,) well known: (Msb, K:) of the masc. gender, except in the dial. of the people of Nejd, who make it fem.: (Zj, Msb:) n. un. with ة [signifying a barleycorn]. (S, K.) A2: Also An accompanying associate; syn. عَشِيرٌ مُصَاحِبٌ: on the authority of En-Nawawee: (K, TA:) said to be formed by transposition: but it may be from شَعَرَهَا meaning “ he slept with her in one شِعَار; ” [see 3; and so originally signifying a person who sleeps with another in one innermost garment;] then applied to any special companion. (TA.) شِعَارَةٌ, and, as written by some, شَعَارَةٌ: see شِعَارٌ, in four places.

شَعِيرَةٌ A sign, or mark. (Mgh.) b2: See this word, and the pl. شَعَائِرُ, voce شِعَارٌ, in seven places.

A2: Also n. un. of شَعِيرٌ [q. v.]. (S, K.) b2: and [hence,] (tropical:) The iron [pin] that enters into the tang of a knife which is inserted into the handle, being a fastening to the handle: (S:) or a thing that is moulded of silver or of iron, in the form of a barley-corn, (K, TA,) entering into the tang of the blade which is inserted into the handle, (TA,) being a fastening to the handle of the blade. (K, TA.) b3: [And (assumed tropical:) A measure of length, defined in the law-books &c. as equal to six mule's hairs placed side by side;] the sixth part of the إِصْبَع [or digit]. (Msb voce مِيلٌ.) b4: [And (assumed tropical:) The weight of a barley-corn.]

شُعَيْرَةٌ dim. of شَعْرَةٌ and شَعَرَةٌ: pl. شُعَيْرَاتٌ.]

شُعَيْرَآءُ [dim. of شَعْرَآءُ fem. of أَشْعَرُ.

A2: Also] A kind of trees; (Sgh, K;) in the dial. of Hudheyl. (Sgh, TA.) b2: See also أَشْعَرُ, last signification but one.

شَعِيرِىٌّ A seller of شَعِير [or barley]: one does not use in this sense either of the more analogical forms of شَاعِرٌ and شَعَّار. (Sb, TA.) شَاعِرٌ A poet: (T, S, Msb, K:) so called because of his intelligence; (S, Msb;) or because he knows what others know not: (T, TA:) accord. to Akh, it is a possessive epithet, like لَابِنٌ and تَامِرٌ: (S:) pl. شُعَرَآءُ, (S, Msb, K,) deviating from analogy: (S, Msb:) Sb says that the measure فَاعِلٌ is likened in this case to فَعِيلٌ; and hence this pl.: (TA:) or, accord. to IKh, the pl. is of this form because the sing. is from شَعُرَ, and therefore should by rule be of the measure فَعِيلٌ, like شَرِيفٌ [from شَرُفَ]; but were it so, it might be confounded with شَعِير meaning the grain thus called, therefore they said شَاعِرٌ, and regarded in the pl. the original form of the sing. (Msb.) A wonderful poet is called خِنْذِيذٌ: one next below him, شَاعِرٌ: then, ↓ شَوَيْعِرٌ [the dim.]: (Yoo, K:) then, ↓ شُعْرُورٌ: and then, ↓ مَتَشَاعِرٌ. (K.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) A liar: because of the many lies in poetry: and so, accord. to some, in the Kur xxi. 5. (B, TA.) b3: شِعْرٌ شَاعِرٌ Excellent poetry: (Sb, T, K:) or known poetry: but the former explanation is the more correct. (TA.) One also says, sometimes, كَلِمَةٌ شَاعِرَةٌ, [by كلمة] meaning قَصِيدَةٌ: but generally in a phrase of this kind the two words are cognate, as in وَيْلٌ وَائِلٌ and لَيْلٌ لَائِلٌ. (TA.) شُوَيْعِرٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

أَشْعَرُ [More, and most, knowing or cognizant or understanding: see 1, first sentence. b2: And,] applied to a verse, (T,) or to a poem, (S,) More [and most] poetical. (T, S. *) A2: Also, (S, A, K,) and ↓ شَعِرٌ, (A, K,) and ↓ شَعْرَانِىٌّ, (K,) which last (SM says) I have seen written شَعَرَانِىٌّ, (TA,) A man having much hair upon his body: (S, A:) or having hair upon the whole of the body: (IAth, L voce أَجْرَدُ [q. v.], in explanation of the first:) or having much and long hair (K, TA) upon the head and body: (TA:) and the first and second, a goat having much hair: fem. of the first شَعْرَآءُ: (TA:) and pl. of the first شَعْرٌ. (S, K.) One says أشْعَثُ أَشْعَرُ, meaning Having his head unshaven and not combed nor anointed. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ أَشْعَرُ الرَّقَبَةِ [lit. Such a one is hairy in the neck] is said of a man though he have not hair upon his neck, as meaning (tropical:) such a one is strong, like a lion. (A, * TA.) b2: [The fem.] شَعْرَآءُ also signifies A testicle, or scrotum, (خُصْيَةٌ,) having much hair: (TA:) and the سَوْءَة [or pudendum]: thus used as a subst. (IAar, TA in art. معط.) See also شِعْرَةٌ. b3: And A furred garment. (Th, K.) b4: And as an epithet, (tropical:) Evil, foul, or abominable: [as being likened to that which is shaggy, and therefore unseemly:] (K, * TA:) in the K, الخَشِنَةُ is erroneously put for الخَبِيثَةُ. (TA.) One says, دَاهِيَةٌ شَعْرَآءُ, (S, A, K,) and وَبْرَآءُ, (S, A,) and زَبَّآءُ, (TA in art. زب,) (tropical:) An evil, a foul, or an abominable, (TA,) or a severe, or great, (K,) calamity or misfortune: pl. شُعْرٌ. (K, TA.) and one says to a man when he has said a thing that one blames or with which one finds fault, جِئْتَ بِهَا شَعْرَآءَ ذَاتَ وَبَرٍ (tropical:) [Thou hast said it as a foul, or an abominable, thing]. (S, A. *) b5: And أَشْعَرُ signifies also The hair that surrounds the solid hoof: (S:) or [the extremity, or border, of the pastern, next the solid hoof; i. e.] the extremity of the skin surrounding the solid hoof, (K, TA,) where the small hairs grow around it: (TA:) or the part between the hoof of a horse and the place where the hair of the pastern terminates: and the part of a camel's foot where the hair terminates: (TA:) pl. أَشَاعِرُ, (S, TA,) because it is [in this sense] a subst. (TA.) b6: Also The side of the vulva, or external portion of the female organs of generation: (K:) it is said that the أَشْعَرَانِ are the إِسْكَتَانِ, which are the two sides [or labia majora] of the vulva of a woman: or the two parts next to the شُفْرَانِ, which are the two borders of the إِسْكَتَانِ: or the two parts between the إِسْكَتَانِ and the شُفْرَانِ: (L, TA:) or the two parts next to the شُفْرَانِ, in the hair, particularly: (Zj, in his “ Khalk el-Insán: ”) the أَشَاعِر of the حَيَآء [or vulva of a camel &c.] are the parts where the hair terminates: (TA:) and the أَشَاعِر of a she-camel are the sides of the vulva. (S, L, TA.) b7: And A thing that comes forth from [between] the two halves of the hoof of a sheep or goat, resembling a ثُؤْلُول [or wart]; (Lh, K;) for which it is cauterized. (Lh, TA.) b8: And Flesh coming forth beneath the nail: pl. شُعُرٌ, (K, TA,) with two dammehs, (TA,) or شُعْرٌ. (So in the CK.) b9: And [the fem.] شَعْرَآءُ also signifies (tropical:) Land (أَرْض) containing, or having, trees: or abounding in trees: (A, K:) [and so, app., ↓ شَعْرَانُ; for] there is a mountain in [the province of] El-Mowsil called شَعْرَانُ, said by AA to be thus called because of the abundance of its trees: (S:) or شَعْرَآءُ signifies many trees: (A 'Obeyd, S:) or i. q. أَجَمَةٌ [i. e. a thicket, wood, or forest; &c.]: (TA:) and a meadow (رَوْضَةٌ, AHn, A, K, TA) having its upper part covered with trees, (AHn, K * TA,) or abounding in trees, (TA,) or abounding in herbage: (A:) and a tract of sand (رَمْلَةٌ) producing [the plant called] نَصِىّ (Sgh, L, K) and the like. (Sgh, K.) b10: And (assumed tropical:) A certain tree of the kind called حَمْض, (K, TA,) not having leaves, but having [what are termed] هَدَب [q. v.], very eagerly desired by the camels, and that puts forth strong twigs or branches; mentioned in the L on the authority of AHn, and by Sgh on the authority of Aboo-Ziyád; and the latter adds that it has firewood. (TA.) b11: And (assumed tropical:) A certain fruit: (AHn, TA:) a species of peach: (S, K:) sing. and pl. the same: (AHn, S, K:) or a single peach: (IKtt, MF:) or الأَشْعَرُ is a name of the peach, and the pl. is شُعْرٌ. (Mtr, TA.) b12: Also (assumed tropical:) A kind of fly, (S, K,) said to be that which has a sting, (S,) blue, or red, that alights upon camels and asses and dogs; (K;) as also ↓ شُعَيْرَآءُ: (TA:) a kind of fly that stings the ass, so that he goes round: AHn says that it is of two species, that of the dog and that of the camel: that of the dog is well known, inclines to slenderness and redness, and touches nothing but the dog: that of the camel inclines to yellowness, is larger than that of the dog, has wings, and is downy under the wings: sometimes it is in such numbers that the owners of the camels cannot milk in the day-time nor ride any of them; so that they leave doing this until night: it stings the camel in the soft parts of the udder and around them, and beneath the tail and the belly and the armpits; and they do not protect the animal from it save by tar: it flies over the camels so that one hears it to make a humming, or buzzing, sound. (TA. [See also شُعْرُورٌ, under which its pl. شُعْرٌ is mentioned.]) b13: And [hence, perhaps, as this kind of fly is seen in swarms,] (assumed tropical:) A multitude of men. (K.) أُشَيْعَارٌ: see شَعْرٌ.

مَشْعَرٌ i. q. مَعْلَمٌ [meaning A place where a thing is known to be]. (TA.) b2: And hence, A place of the performance of religious services. (TA.) See this word, and its pl. مَشَاعِرُ, voce شِعَارٌ, in four places. b3: [The pl.] المَشَاعِرُ also signifies The five senses; (S, * A, * TA;) the hearing, the sight, the smell, the taste, and the touch. (S and Msb in art. حس.) A2: See also شَعَارٌ.

دِيَةُ المُشْعَرَةِ The bloodwit that is exacted for killing kings: it is a thousand camels. (A, TA. [See 4.]) مُتَشَاعِرٌ One who affects, or pretends, to be a poet, but is not. (S, * L, * K, * TA.) See شَاعِرٌ.

وط

أ1 وَطِئَ, aor. ـَ (S, K;) the و, falls out from the aor. of this verb, and from that of وَسِعَ, because they are transitive; for other verbs of the class فَعِلَ, having the aor. of the measure يَفْعَلُ, and the first radical letter infirm, are intransitive; and as these two differ from their class in being transitive, they are also made to differ in the aor. ; (S;) or يَطَأُ was originally يَطِئُ, and therefore the و, falls out from it; (TA;) inf. n. وَطْءٌ, (TA) [and طِئَةٌ, q.v. infra]; and ↓ وطّأ, (K, but this has an intensive signification, MF;) and ↓ توطّأ (S, K) He trod; trod upon; (بِرِجْلِهِ with his foot; S) trod under foot; trampled upon: (S, K, TA:) or وَطِئَهُ signifies he pressed, or bore, upon him, or it, with his hand or his foot. (TA, in art. ثطأ.) [See also وَطْأَةٌ.] b2: طه, at the commencement of the 20th ch. of the Kur, is read by some طَهْ, and said to be for طَأْ, (the ه being substituted for ء,) and to signify Tread upon the ground with the soles of both thy fect; because Mohammad raised one of his feet in prayer. (TA.) b3: هُمْ يَطَؤُهُمُ الطَّرِيقُ (tropical:) They (i. e. the sons of such a one) sojourn, or encamp, near the road, so that its passengers tread upon them [i. e., became their guests]: (Sb, K:) a tropical phrase, in which الطريق is put for أَهْلُ الطَّرِيقِ; this being done to give greater force to the phrase, as it is one expressive of praise; for the road is a thing that is constant; whereas its passengers are sometimes upon it, and sometimes absent. (L.) [It means They are a people who take up their abode near the road in order that many passengers may enjoy their hospitality.]

b4: [See also طَرِيقٌ.] b5: Of the same kind is the phrase أَخَذْنَا عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ الوَاطِئِ لِبَنِى فُلَانٍ (tropical:) [We look to the road whose passengers tread on (i. e., make themselves the guests of,) the sons of such a one]. (IJ.) b6: So too, مَرَرْنَا بِقَوْمٍ

مَوْطُوئِينَ بِالطَّرِيقِ (tropical:) [We passed by a people trod on (i. e., resorted to for their hospitality,) by the passengers of the road]. (IJ.) b7: Also, يَا طَرِيقُ طَأْ بِنَا بَنِى فُلَانٍ (tropical:) O road, bring us near to [or, lit., make us to tread on, i. e., make us the guests of,] the sons of such a one ! (IJ.) b8: وَطِئَ, (S, K,) aor. as above, (S,) Inivit feminam. (S, K.) b9: وَطَأَ, inf. n. طِئَةٌ, (assumed tropical:) He trod under foot, and despised. Ex. نَعُوذُ بِاللّٰهِ مِنْ طِئَةِ الذَّلِيلِ We put our trust in God for protection from the vile person's treading us under foot, and despising us. (Lh.) b10: وَطَأَ and ↓ وطّأ (in MF's copy of the K واطأ) He prepared, and made plain, smooth, or soft. (K.) b11: وَطَيْتُ; for وَطَأْتُ, is disallowed. (TA.) b12: وَطُؤَ, aor. ـْ inf. n. وطأ, [so in the TA: probably a mistake for وَطَآءَةٌ: see طِئَةٌ below:] He (a horse &c.) was, or became, easy to ride upon. (TA.) b13: وَطُؤَ, aor. ـْ inf. n. وَطَآءَةٌ (S, K) and وُطُوْءَةٌ (TA) and طَأَةٌ (TA, as from the K) [and, app., طِئَةٌ, q.v. infra], It (a place, S) was plain, level, smooth, soft, or easy to be travelled, or to walk, or ride or lie upon. (S, K, TA.) A2: كُنْتُ أَطَأُ ذِكْرَهُ (assumed tropical:) I used to conceal the mention of him, or it. (TA, from a trad.) 2 وَطَّاَ See 1, in two places. b2: وطّأ, inf. n. تُوْطِئَةٌ, He made plain, level, smooth, soft, or easy to be, travelled, or to walk or ride or lie upon. (S, K.) He made a beast of carriage easy to ride upon; trained, or broke, it (M, voce رَاضَ.) b3: Also, (TA,) and ↓ توطّأ, (L,) He prepared (L, ubi supra, and TA,) a bed, or a chamber. (TA.) b4: He arranged, or facilitated, an affair. (TA.) وَطَّيْتُ [for وَطَّأْتُ] is disallowed. (S.) b5: وطّأ He (i. e. God) rendered a land plain, level, smooth, soft, or easy to walk or ride or lie upon. (TA.) b6: Also, He (God,) rendered a land depressed. (K.) A2: See 4.3 وَاطَأَهُ عَلَى أَمْرٍ, (Az, S, K,) inf. n. مُوَاطَأَةٌ (S) and وِطَآءٌ; (TA;) and ↓ تواطأهُ and ↓ توطّأهُ; (K;) (tropical:) He agreed, or concurred, with him respecting a thing. (S, K.) The radical signification of واطأ is said to be He trod in the footsteps of another: and the signification of agreement is therefore figurative. (MF.) b2: فُلَانٌ يُوَاطِئُ اسْمُهُ اسْمِى (tropical:) [Such a one's name agrees, or is the same, with mine]. (S.) b3: لِيُوَاطِئُوا عِدَّةَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللّٰه (tropical:) [That they may agree in the number of (the mouths) which God hath made sacred: Kur, ix. 37]. (S.) b4: أَشَدُّ وِطَآءٌ, as some read, [in the Kur, lxxiii. 6,] signifies (tropical:) More, or most, suitable; (S;) [i. e., prayer, and the recitation of the Kur-án]: but some read وَطْأً, in the sense of قِيَامًا: see نَاشِئَةٌ. (S, L.) See 4.4 اوطأهُ غَيْرَهُ He made another to tread, or trample, upon him. (TA.) b2: اوطأه فَرَسَهُ He made his horse to tread, or trample, upon him. (K, TA.) b3: اوطأهُ الأرضَ He made him to tread upon the ground. (Msb.) b4: أَوْطَؤُوهُمْ (assumed tropical:) They overcame them, or prevailed over them, in a contention, or dispute. (TA.) b5: In a trad. it is said, that the pastors of the camels, and the shepherds, boasted, one party over the other, and the former overcame the latter (اوطؤوهم). (TA.) The verb is used in this sense because it originally signifies, with the annexed pronoun, they made (others) to tread, or trample, upon them: (K, TA:) for him with whom you wrestle or fight, and whom you throw down, you trample upon, and make to be trampled upon by others. (TA.) b6: اوطأهُ العَشْوَةَ, (K,) and عَشْوَةً, (S, K,) He made him to pursue a course without being rightly directed. (K *, TA.) See art. عشو. b7: اوطأ فِى الشِّعْرِ, (S, K,) inf. n. إِيطّآءٌ; (TA;) and اوطأ الشِّعْرَ, and فِيهِ ↓ واطأ, and ↓ وطّأهُ, and أَطَّأَهُ, and آطَأَهُ, (K,) in which last the و is changed into ا; (TA;) He repeated a rhyme in a poem, (S, K,) using the same word in the same sense: (Akh, K:) when the word is the same, but the meaning different, the repetition is not called ايطاء [but جِنَاسٌ تَامٌّ]. (TA.) This repetition (ايطاء) is deemed by Arabs a fault: or it is only deemed a fault if it occur two, or three, or more, times. (TA.) 5 تَوَطَّاَ See 1, 2, 3. b2: تَوَطَّيْتُ for تَوَطَّأْتُ is incorrect. (S.) b3: توطّأ He, or it, was, or became, prepared. (K.) [See also 8.]6 تَوَاطَؤُوا (assumed tropical:) They agreed together. (S.) b2: تواطؤوا عَلَيه (assumed tropical:) They agreed together, or concurred, respecting it. (TA.) [See 3.]8 إِتَّطَأَ It was prepared, and became plain, smooth, or soft. (K.) [See also 5.] b2: إِتَّطَأَ العِشَآءُ (in a trad.) The evening became completely dark: [or the period of nightfall fully came:] also read إِيتَطَى, accord. to the dial. of the tribe of Keys, and explained as signifying the period of nightfall came. The latter verb also signifies “ concurrence, or concord, and agreement, with another. ” (TA.) b3: إِيتَطَأَ الشَّهْرُ [About half the month has elapsed]. This is said a day before the half, and a day after the half. (Az.) b4: إِتَّطَأَ, (as in the CK,) or إِيتَطَأَ, (as in a MS. copy of the K,) measure إِفْتَعَلَ [in the TA written إِسْتَطَأَ, which is doubtless a mistake,] It was right, and attained its full period; was perfect, or complete. (K.) 10 استوطأ He found, or deemed, a thing plain, level, smooth, soft, or easy to walk or ride or lie upon. (K, TA.) b2: He found, or deemed, the thing on which he rode smooth, soft, or easy to ride upon. (S.) وَطْءٌ and ↓ وَطَآءٌ and ↓ مِيطَأٌ (measure مِفْعَلٌ, as shown in the TA; but in the CK, ميطَآءٌ;) Depressed land, or low ground, between eminences نِشَاز [in the CK نَشاز] and أَشْرَاف [in the CK إِشْراف]): (K:) نشاز, is pl. of نَشَزٌ, and اشراف is pl. of شَرَفٌ; and both signify “ eminences. ” (TA.) طَأَةٌ: see طِئَةٌ.

طِئَةٌ and ↓ طَأَةٌ (in both of which the final ة is a substitute for the incipient و, S) and ↓ وَطَآءَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ وُطُوءَةٌ (K) Plainness, levelness, smoothness, softness, or state of being easy to walk or ride or lie upon. (S, K, TA.) وَطْأَةٌ [A tread, or a treading. b2: And hence,] (tropical:) A pressure; oppression; affliction; violence: (S, K:) or a vehement assault, or punishment; syn. أَخْذَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ: (K:) also, a hostile expedition or engagement; battle, fight, or slaughter. (TA.) b3: اللّٰهُمَّ اشْدُدْ وَطْأَتَكَ عَلَى مُضَرَ, in a trad., O God, make thy punishment of Mudar severe. (S, TA.) b4: وَطِئَنَا العَدُوُّ وَطْأَةً شَدِيدً (tropical:) [The enemy assaulted, or punished, us with a very vehement assault, or punishment]. (TA.) آخِرُ وَطْأَةٍ وَطِئَهَا اللّٰهُ بِوَجٍّ, in a trad., (tropical:) The last assault, or conflict, which God caused to befall (the unbelievers was) in Wejj [a valley of Et-Táïf]. (TA.) b5: وَطْأَةٌ and ↓ مَوْطَأٌ (K) and ↓ مَوْطِئٌ (S, K) A place on which the sole of the foot is placed; a footstep, or footprint. (S, K.) وَطَآءٌ: see وِطَآءٌ, and وَطْءٌ.

وِطَآءٌ (S, K) and ↓ وَطَآءٌ, (K,) the former is the word commonly known and approved; the latter disapproved by many; (TA;) The contr. of غِطَآءٌ (a covering); [what is placed, or spread, beneath one, to sit or lie upon]: (S, K:) pl. اوْطِئَةٌ. (TA, in art. خور.) وَطِىْءٌ Plain, level, smooth, soft, or easy to be travelled, or to walk or ride or lie upon. (S, K, TA.) b2: دَابَّةٌ وَطِىْءٌ (IAar) A beast easy to ride upon. (TA.) b3: عَيْشٌ وَطِىْءٌ [An easy life]. (TA.) b4: وَطِىْءُ الخُلُقِ Easy in nature, or dispositon. (TA.) وَطَآءَةٌ: see طِئَةٌ.

وُطُوْءَةٌ: see طِئَةٌ.

وَطِيْئَةٌ A certain kind of food, (S,) i. q. حَيْسَةٌ: (IAar:) or dates of which the stones are taken out, and which are kneaded with milk: or what is called أَقِط, with sugar: (K:) or a food of the Arabs, prepared with dates, which are put into a stone cooking-pot; then water is poured upon them, and clarified butter if there be any; (but no اقط is mixed up with them;) and then it is drunk, like حيسة: (T:) or it is like جَيْس; dates and اقط kneaded together with clarified butter: (ISh:) or a certain kind of food, also called وَطِىْءٌ; a thin عَصِيدَة: when it is thickened, it is called نَفِيتَة; when a little more thick, نَفِيثَة; when a little thicker, لَفِيتَة; and when so thick that it may be chewed, عصيدة. (El-Muffaddal.) b2: Also, (as some say, TA,) A thing like [the kind of sack called] a غِرَارَة: (S:) or a غرارة containing dried meat (قَدِيد) and كَعْك (K) and other things: (TA:) b3: أَخْرِجْ إِلَيْنَا ثَلَاثَ أُكَلٍ

مِنْ وطيئةٍ Take forth and give us three cakes of bread from a غرارة. (S, TA, from a trad.) b4: [See also وَاطِئَة and مُوَطَّأٌ.]

وَاطِئَةٌ Fallen dates. (K.) An act. part. n. in the sense of a pass.: (K:) [such dates being so called] because they are trodden under foot. (TA.) Or [it is changed] from وَطَايَا, pl. of وَطِيْئَةٌ, [which is] from وَطَأَ; [and such dates are] so called because their owner has despised them, or trampled upon them, (ذللّها,) and spread them about, for those who may take them; wherefore they are not included in the conjectural estimate of the produce of the tree [made by the collector of the legal alms]. (TA.) b2: وَطَأَةٌ (K) [pl. of واطِئٌ] and واطِئَةٌ (S, K) Travellers; wayfarers: (S, K:) so called from their treading the road. (S.) لَا يُتَوَضَّأُ مِنْ مَوْطَإٍ One is not to perform وضوء (i. e., to repeat it,) on account of treading on filth in the road: but this does not mean that one is not to wash off the filth. (TA, from a trad.) b2: See وَطْأَةٌ.

مَوْطِئٌ: see وَطْأَةٌ.

مِيطَأٌ: see وَطْءٌ.

آثَارٌ مَوْطُوْءَةٌ (in a trad. respecting destiny) Tracks trodden [as it were] by past predestined events, good and evil. (TA, from a trad.) مُوَطَّأُ الأَكْنَافِ, (K,) and الاكناف ↓ وَطِىْءُ, (TA,) A man of easy nature, or disposition, generous, and very hospitable: or one in whose vicinity his companion is possessed of power, authority, or dignity; not harmed, nor inconveniently situated. (K.) b2: اللّٰهُمَّ اجْعَلْهُ مُوَطَّأَ العَقِبِ (assumed tropical:) O God, make him to be (a Sultán, followed by many dependants, and) one whose heels shall be trod upon: (K *, TA:) an imprecation, occurring in a trad. respecting a man who had been secretly informed against to 'Omar, who said this with reference to the informer if a liar. (TA.)

ظفر

1 ظَفَرَهُ: see 2.

A2: [See also ظَفَرٌ. b2: ] ظَفِرَتْ عَيْنُهُ, (T, S, O, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. ظَفَرٌ (S, O) and ظَفَارَةٌ; (O;) and, as some say, ظُفِرَت; (T;) His eye had what is termed a ظَفَرَة or ظُفْر. (T, S, O, K.) b3: And ظُفِرَ He (a man) had upon his eye what is termed a ظَفَرَة or ظُفْر. (T, O, K.) A3: ظَفِرَ, aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. ظَفَرٌ, He attained, got, got possession of, or acquired, what he desired, or sough: (Lth, * S, * M, * A, * Msb, K: *) he succeeded, or was successful: (Msb:) he won, was victorious, or gained the victory: (Lth, T:) and ↓ اِظَّفَرَ [originally اِظْتَفَرَ] signifies the same as ظَفِرَ. (S.) You say, ظَفِرَ بِهِ and عَلَيْهِ, and ظَفِرَهُ, He attained it, got it, got possession of it, or acquired it; (M, K;) and in like manner ↓ اِظَّفَرَ, of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ. (K.) And ظَفِرْتُ بِالضَّالَّةِ I found the stray, or lost beast. (Msb.) and ظَفِرَ بِعَدُوِّهِ (S, A, Msb) and عَلَيْهِ, (Akh, S, A,) and ظَفِرَهُ, (S,) He gained the victory, or mastery, over his enemy; he overcame him. (S, * A, Msb. *) b2: [Hence,] ظَفِرَتِ النَّاقَةُ لَقَحًا (tropical:) The she-camel took, or received, impregnation. (A, TA.) And مَا ظَفِرَتْكَ عَيْنِى (Az, T, S, A, K) مُنْذُ حِينٍ (Az, T) or مُنْذُ زَمَانٍِ (S, A) (tropical:) My eye hath not seen thee [for some time]: (Az, T, S, A, K:) like مَا أَخَذَتْكَ. (Az, T.) A4: [ظَفَرَ in the dial. of Himyer is said by Freytag, on the authority of the Kitáb el-Addád, to signify He sat.]2 ظفّر فِيهِ, (A, K,) inf. n. تَظْفِيرٌ, (S,) He inserted his nail into it; (S, A, K;) namely, an apple, and the like, (S, K,) a cucumber, and a melon: (A:) and [in like manner] ↓ اِظَّفَرَ, of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ, he stuck, or fixed, his nail [into a thing]; (S, K, TA;) and so اِطَّفَرَ, with the unpointed ط. (TA.) You say, ظفّر فُلَانٌ فِى وَجْهِ فُلَانٍ Such a one stuck his nail into the flesh of the face of such a one, and wounded it. (TA.) and نَيَّبَ فِى لَحْمِهِ وَظَفَّرَ He stuck his dog-tooth and his nail into his flesh, and wounded it. (A.) and ظفّر فُلَانٌ فِى كَذَا وَنَيَّبَ (tropical:) Such a one clung to, caught to, or took fast hold upon, such a thing. (A in art. نيب.) Also ظفّرهُ; and ↓ ظَفَرَهُ, aor. ـِ (M, K;) and ↓ اِظَّفَرَهُ, in the K erroneously written أَظْفَرَهُ; (TA;) He stuck his nail into his face; (M, K;) and so اِطَّفَرَهُ, with ط. (TA.) And ظفّرهُ [He clawed it;] he stuck his nail into it, (namely, anything,) and broke it, or made a mark [or scratch] upon it. (M.) And ↓ اِظَّفَرَ الصَّقْرُ الطَّائِرَ The hawk seized the bird with his talons. (K.) b2: ظفّر said of بَقْل [or herbs, or leguminous plants,] (tropical:) They put forth what resembled the أَظْفَار [or talons] of the bird. (M, TA.) And said of the عَرْفَج, (K, TA,) and of the أَرْطَى, (TA,) (tropical:) It put forth what resembled أَظْفَار, (K, TA,) when it put forth its [leaves termed] خُوص. (TA.) And said of the نَصِىّ, and of the وَشِيج, and of the بَرْدِىّ, and of the ثُمَام, and of the صِلِّيَان, and of the غَرَز, and of هَدَب, (tropical:) It, or they, put forth yellow shoots, resembling the ظُفُر [or talon], which are the خُوص thereof, that come forth therefrom having a dustcoloured flower. (M, TA.) [Or,] said of a plant, (Ks, T, S,) inf. n. as above, (Ks, T,) (assumed tropical:) It came forth; (Ks, T;) from الأَظْفَار: (T:) or it came forth of the measure of the ظُفْر [or nail]. (S.) And ظفّرت الأَرْضُ (assumed tropical:) The land put forth plants, or herbage, that might be uprooted (يُمْكِنُ احْتِفَاؤُهُ, so in the M, in the K احْتِفَارُهُ,) with the nail, (M,) or with the fingers. (K.) b3: ظفّر ثَوْبَهُ, (M, and so in a copy of the K,) inf. n. as above, (K,) (assumed tropical:) He perfumed his garment (M, and thus in that copy of the K) with what is termed ظُفْر: (M:) or ظفّر ثَوْبَهُ بِالأَظْفَارِ he perfumed his garment with what are termed أَظْفَار. (So accord. to other copies of the K.) b4: And ظفّر الجِلْدَ, (K,) or ظَفَّرْتُ الجِلْدَ, (M,) (assumed tropical:) He, (K,) or I, (M,) rubbed the skin in order that its أَظْفَار (M, K) which means its creased parts (M) might become smooth. (M, K.) A2: ظفّرهُ also signifies, and so ↓ اظفرهُ, [He caused him to attain, get, get possession of, or acquire, what he desired, or sought: he caused him to succeed, or to be successful: and] He (God) caused him to be victorious, to gain the victory, or to overcome. (A.) You say, ظفّرهُ بِهِ (S, M) and عَلَيْهِ, (M, TA,) inf. n. as above; (S;) and به ↓ اظفرهُ (S, M, Msb) and عليه; (M, Msb;) He (God, S, M, or a man, Msb) caused him to gain the victory over him, or to overcome him, (M, Msb,) namely, his enemy. (S, Msb.) b2: And ظفّرهُ عَلَيْهِ He declared him to have overcome him: said of one who has been asked which of two persons had overcome. (T.) b3: And ظفّرهُ, (M, K,) inf. n. as above, (K,) He prayed for him that he might attain what he desired, or sought; or that he might be successful, or victorious. (M, K.) 4 أَظْفَرَ see the next preceding paragraph, latter part, in two places.6 تظافروا عَلَيْهِ and تضافروا and تظاهروا all signify the same; so says Ibn-Buzurj; (T, TA;) explaining the meaning to be, They leagued together, and aided one another, against him; i. e. عَلَى فُلَانٍ [against such a one]: (TA in art. ضفر:) the first of these has been said to be incorrect; but it is mentioned also by Sgh, as syn. with the third; and by Ibn-Málik, among words that are with ض and with ظ. (TA in the present art.) 8 إِظْتَفَرَ see 2, in three places: A2: and see also 1, in two places.

ظَفْرٌ: see the next paragraph.

ظُفْرٌ (T, S, M, A, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ ظُفُرٌ, (Msb, K,) which latter is the most chaste form, and the form adopted by the seven readers in the Kur vi. 147, and the former is a contraction of this, [but is the most common form,] (Msb,) and ↓ ظِفْرٌ, which is extr., (M, Msb, K,) and disallowed by IDrd, (O,) and ↓ ظِفِرٌ, which is also extr., (Msb,) and ↓ أُظْفُورٌ, (T, M, A, Msb, K,) which is erroneously mentioned in the S as a pl. of ظُفْرٌ, (Sgh, Msb, K,) by an anticipation of the pen; (Msb;) or, accord. to MF, it si said in most of the copies of the S, (but this is not the case,) ظُفْرٌ has for its pl. أَظْفَارٌ; and أُظْفُورٌ [has for its pl.] أَظَافِيرُ; (TA;) [and this, being the reading in most of the copies of the S seen by MF, is probably what J wrote;] A certain wellknown thing; (M;) [i. e. a nail; and a talon, or claw;] pertaining to a human being, (M, Ibn-Es-Seed, Msb, K,) and to others; (M, K;) to the beasts and birds mentioned in the next following sentence, [as well as to man,] accord. to the authorities there cited; (TA;) and to every ruminant, as syn. with ظِلْفٌ [i. e. a cloven hoof]: (T and M in art. ظلف:) or to a beast, or bird, that does not prey; [as well as to man;] that of such as preys being termed مِخْلَبٌ: (M:) [and in the present day applied also to the spur of a cock:] it is of the masc. gender: (Lh, M, Msb:) the pl. (of ظُفْرٌ, S, M, Msb, &c.) is أَظْفَارٌ (S, M, Msb, K, &c.) and sometimes أَظْفُرٌ, (Msb,) [both of which are pls. of pauc., but the former is used as a pl. of mult. also,]. and (of أُظْفُورٌ, M, Msb, or of أَظْفَارٌ, and therefore a pl. pl., M) أَظَافِيرُ: (M, Msb, K:) that ↓ أُظْفُورٌ is a sing. [and not like أُبْقُورٌ which is a quasi-pl. n.] is shown by the saying of a poet, مَا بَيْنَ لُقْمَتِهَا الأُولَى إِذَا انْحَدَرَتْ وَبَيْنَ أُخْرَى تَلِيهَا قِيسُ أُظْفُورِ (K) or قِيدُ أُظْفُورِ (Msb) [i. e. What is between her first morsel, when it descends into her throat, and another that follows it, is the measure of a finger-nail]: or, as some relate it, إِذَا ازْدَرَدَتْ [when she swallows]; and it is thus cited [in the T and] in the “ Basáïr ” of the author of the K. (TA.) The phrase كُلَّ ذِى ظُفُرٍ in the Kur vi. 147 comprises camels and ostriches; (so in the T and TS and L; but in the K, الأَنْعَام is erroneously put for النَّعَام; TA;) because their مَنَاسِم are like أَظْفَار to them: (T, K, TA:) I'Ab says that it comprises camels; and also ostriches, because they have nails like camels: or any bird that has a مِخْلَب, and any beast that has a solid hoof: or, accord. to Mujáhid and Katádeh, every beast and bird that has not divided toes; as the camel and ostrich and goose and duck. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] الأَظْفَارُ is the name of (assumed tropical:) Certain small stars; (S;) certain stars before النَّسْر [meaning النَّسْر الوَاقِع i. e. the star a of Lyra: app. because regarded as the talons of the نسر]: (K:) or a certain dim star in الشَّلْيَاق [q. v., i. e. the constellation Lyra]. (Kzw.) b3: [Hence also,] إِنَّهُ لَكَلِيلُ الظُّفْرِ, (T,) or إِنَّهُ لَمَقْلُومُ الظُّفْرِ, (TA,) (tropical:) Verily he is one who does not slay or wound an enemy: (T, TA:) and إِنَّهُ مَقْلُومُ الظُّفْرِ عَنْ أَذَى

النَّاسِ (tropical:) Verily he is one who does little hurt to mankind. (T, A, TA.) And هُوَ كَلِيلُ الظُّفْرِ (tropical:) He is weak, or abject, or despicable; (T, S, K, TA;) said of a man; (K, TA;) or so مُقَلَّمُ الظُّفْرِ: (K: [in the TA, as from the K, مُقَلَّمُ الأَظْفَارِ:]) or (tropical:) he is sick, or diseased. (A.) And بِهِ ظُفْرٌ مِنْ مَرَضٍ (tropical:) [app. meaning In him is an evil result of a disease, that has clung to him]. (A, TA. [In the A, this immediately follows what here next precedes it; and is immediately followed by the words وَذُبَابٌ ظَفِرَ مِنْهُ, which seem to be added by way of explanation; thus in my copy; but I think that ظَفِرَ مِنْهُ here is a mistake for ظَفَّرَ فِيهِ, and have assumed this to be the case in rendering the phrase.]) b4: And قَرَّحْتُهُ مِنْ ظُفْرِهِ إِلَى شُفْرِهِ (tropical:) [lit. I wounded him much, from his nail to the edge of his eyelid; but mentioned as tropical; app. meaning from toe to head]; like as one says, مِنْ قَرْنِهِ. (A.) b5: And مَا بَالدَّارِ ظُفْرٌ, (K,) or ما بالدار ظُفْرٌ وَلَا شُفْرٌ, (A, O,) (tropical:) There is not in the house any one. (A, O, K.) And مَا تَرَكَتِ السَّنَةُ ظُفْرًا وَلَا شُفْرًا (tropical:) The year of drought left not anything: and sometimes they said شَفْرًا, with fet-h, and in this case they said ↓ ظَفْرًا, for assimilation. (A in art. شفر.) And رَأَيْتُهُ بِظُفْرِهِ (tropical:) I saw him himself. (O, K, TA.) b6: ظُفْرُ النَّسْرِ is the name of (assumed tropical:) A certain plant, (K, TA,) resembling what is [properly] thus termed [i. e. the talon of the vulture]. (TA.) And ظُفْرُ القِطِّ is the name of (assumed tropical:) Another plant. (K, TA.) b7: And الظُّفْرُ, (M,) or الأَظْفَارُ, (T, M, A, Mgh, O, K, &c.,) for this word in the sense here following has no sing. (T, M, O, K) accord. to the author of the 'Eyn, (M,) but sometimes one said وَاحِدَةٌ ↓ أَظْفَارَةٌ, which is not allowable by rule, and made the pl. of this to be أَظَافِيرُ, (T, O, K, * [mentioned in the M as a pl. of الظُّفْرُ,]) though, if they formed a sing. from it, it should be ظُفْرٌ, (T, O, K,) signifies (tropical:) A certain odoriferous substance, (T, Mgh, O, K,) or a sort thereof, (M,) [i. e. unguis odoratus, (called in the present day ظُفْرُ الطِّيبِ and ظُفْرُ العِفْرِيتِ,) or ungues odorati,] black, (T, M, O,) resembling a ظُفْر [or nail] (T, M, Mgh, O, K) of a man (M) pulled out (in the M and O and K مُقْتُلَف, and in the T مُقَلَّف,) from the root thereof, (T, M, O, K, [but in the M, the words which I have rendered “ pulled out ” &c. immediately follow the words ضَرْبٌ مِنَ العِطْرِ

أَسْوَدُ,]) or resembling the أَظْفَار [or finger-nails], (A,) and put into دُخْتَة [or incense]: (T, M, O:) and, accord. to the K, ↓ ظَفَارٌ, sometimes imperfectly decl., i. e. ↓ ظَفَارُ, signifies the same; but this is very strange, for [SM says] I have referred to the M and T and O and other lexicons without finding them to have mentioned in this sense any term but الأَظْفَارُ or الظُّفْرُ: accord. to the “ Minháj,” أَظْفَارُ الطِّيبِ are pieces of an odoriferous substance resembling the أَظْفَار [properly so called]; they are said by [the Arabic translator of] Dioscorides to be of the nature of the shards of shells, [so I render مِنْ جِنْسِ أَخْزَافِ الصَّدَفِ, supposing اخزاف to be here used tropically,] found in an island of the Sea of India where is the سُنْبُل [or spikenard], a sort whereof is [called] قُلْزُمِىّ [i. e. of El-Kulzum], and another which is [called]

بَابِلِىّ [i. e. of Bábil], black and small, and the best is that which inclines to whiteness, which drifts to El-Yemen and El-Bahreyn. (TA.) [Forskål, in his “ Descr. Animalium ” &c., mentions what here follows, among the animal substances of the materia medica of Cairo, in page 143: “ Unguis odoratus. (Opercula Cochl.) Dofr el afrît, ضفر العفريت i. e. unguis dæmonis. E Mochha per Sués. Arabes etiam afferunt. Nigritis fumigatorium est. ” (ضفر is here written, agreeably with the usual vulgar pronunciation, for ظُفْر.) See also قُسْطٌ,] b8: أَظْفَارٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) Large قِرْدَان [or ticks]. (S, O, K.) b9: and (assumed tropical:) The creased parts of a skin. (M, TA.) b10: and the ظُفْر of a bow is (tropical:) The part in the curved end that is beyond the place where the string is tied, to the extremity: (As, T, S, M, * O, K: *) or the end of the bow: (K:) or each end of the bow, beyond the place where the string is tied: (A:) pl. ظِفَرَةٌ. (M, TA.) b11: See also ظَفَرَةٌ.

ظِفْرٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

ظَفَرٌ, in a man, The quality of having long nails. (ISk, S, O.) [App., in this sense, an inf. n. of which the verb is ظَفِرَ; as it is in other senses: see 1.]

A2: See also ظَفَرَةٌ.

A3: Also Low, or depressed, ground, (S, O, K,) that produces plants, or herbage. (S, O.) ظَفِرٌ Sharp in the nail [or having sharp nails]. (A.) b2: And A man having upon his eye what is termed a ظَفَرَة; (A;) and so ↓ مَظْفُورٌ. (T, A, Mgh, K.) b3: And عَيْنٌ ظَفِرَةٌ An eye having what is termed a ظَفَرَة; (T, M, A, K;) as also ↓ مَظْفُورَةٌ. (A.) A2: Also [Successful;] victorious; applied to a man; (S;) and so ↓ ظَافِرٌ: (Msb, TA:) or ظَفِرٌ (IDrd, M, A, K) and ↓ ظَفِيرٌ (IDrd, M, K) and ↓ ظِفِّيرٌ, (IDrd, Sgh, K) but this is said by IDrd to be not of established authority, (TA,) and ↓ مُظَفَّرٌ (IDrd, M, A, K) and ↓ مِظْفَارٌ, (IDrd, O, K,) all signify a man very, or often, successful or victorious: (IDrd, O, TA:) or (tropical:) one who does not endeavour after a thing without attaining it. (M, A, K.) ظُفُرٌ and ظِفِرٌ: see ظُفْرٌ.

ظُفْرَةٌ A certain plant, burning, or biting, to the tongue, (K, TA,) resembling the ظُفْر [or nail] in its coming forth, (TA,) that has a beneficial effect upon foul ulcers, and warts. (K, TA.) b2: And ظُفْرَةُ العَجُوزِ The rounded head of prickles of the [thistle called] حَسَك. (K, * TA.) b3: See also the next paragraph.

ظَفَرَةٌ A pellicle that comes over the eye, (T, S, Mgh, O, K,) growing from the side next the nose, (T, S, O,) upon the white of the eye, (S, Mgh, O,) extending to the black: (S, O:) sometimes it is cut off: if left, it covers the eye, and obscures the sight: (T:) or a certain disease in the eye, which causes a tegument like the nail to come over it: or a piece of flesh that grows at the inner angle of the eye, extending to the black, and sometimes encroaching upon the black: (M:) it is also called ↓ ظُفْرٌ (A 'Obeyd, T, S, M, Mgh, O, K) and ↓ ظُفْرَةٌ, (T, Mgh,) these two terms being applied to it by the physicians, (Mgh,) and ↓ ظَفَرٌ (TA) and ↓ ظِفَارَةٌ, (so in a copy of the T, as on the authority of Ibn-Buzurj,) or ↓ ظَفَارَةٌ. (So in the O.) ظَفَارٌ and ظَفَارُ: see ظُفْرٌ.

A2: [ظَفَارِ is well known as the name of a city in El-Yemen; or, accord. to the O, of two cities and two fortresses in El-Yemen. And accord. to the TA, it signifies Any land that is ذات مَعَزَّة: but the latter of these two words has been altered by an erasure over the second letter, and is perhaps incorrect: if not, it may mean, agreeably with the analogy of many words of the measure مَفْعَلَةٌ, as مَقْدَرَةٌ and مَفْلَحَةٌ and مَنْجَاةٌ &c., such as possesses means of overcoming, or withstanding, invaders: and it may be that hence ظَفَارِ is in two instances the name of a fortress.]

ظَفُورٌ [app. syn. with ظَفِرٌ and ظَفِيرٌ] is one of the appellations of the Prophet. (MF, TA.) ظَفِيرٌ: see ظَفِرٌ.

ظَفَارَةٌ or ظِفَارَةٌ: see ظَفَرَةٌ.

جَزْعٌ ظَفَارِىٌّ [onyx of Dhafári] is so called in relation to ظَفَارِ, a city of El-Yemen, (T, S, Mgh, O, K,) near صَنْعَآء, (K,) two days' journey from the latter. (O.) And in like manner, عُودٌ ظَفَارِىٌّ [Aloes-wood of Dhafári]: i. e. the عود with which one fumigates: (S:) or قُسْط, (O, K, TA,) which means the same, (TA, [but see this word,]) is called [قُسْطُ ظَفَارِ and قُسْطٌ ظَفَارِىٌّ] in relation to ظَفَارِ, another city of El-Yemen, near مِرْبَاط, (O, K, TA,) described by Yákoot as in the furthest part of El-Yemen, on the shore of the Sea of India, near الشَّحْر; (TA;) because it is brought thither from India. (O, K, TA.) ظِفِّيرٌ: see ظَفِرٌ.

ظَافِرٌ: see ظَفِرٌ.

أَظْفَرُ A man having long nails: (ISk, S, A:) or having long and broad nails: (M, K:) and in like manner applied to a مَنْسِم [or foot of a camel]: ظَفْرَآءُ [the reg. fem.] has not been heard. (M.) أُظْفُورٌ: see ظُفْرٌ, in two places. b2: Also (assumed tropical:) The slender thing [or tendril] that twines upon the branch of a grape-vine. (K.) أَظْفَارَةٌ: see ظُفْرٌ, latter half.

مُظَفَّرٌ: see ظَفِرٌ.

A2: قَوْسٌ مُظَفَّرَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A bow having somewhat cut off from each of its two ends [which are called its ظُفْرَانِ]. (O, K, TA. [In the CK, فَرَسٌ is erroneously put for قَوْسٌ.]) مِظْفَارٌ: see ظَفِرٌ.

A2: Also The [instrument called]

مِنْقَاش [q. v.]. (Fr, O, K.) مَظْفُورٌ; and its fem.: see ظَفِرٌ.

A2: مَظْفُورٌ بِهِ Overcome, or conquered; [as also مَظْفُورٌ عَلَيْهِ, and مَظْفُورٌ alone; (see 1;)] applied to a man. (TA.)

خبط

1 خَبَطَ, aor. ـِ (Msb, K, TA,) inf. n. خَبْطٌ, (Msb, TA, &c.,) He struck, or beat, (Msb, TA,) anything: (TA:) or he struck, or beat, it, or him, vehemently: (M, K, TA:) or خَبْطٌ signifies a camel's striking, or beating, a thing with his fore foot: (T, TA:) or in the cases of beasts, (دَوَابّ, [generally meaning horses and mules and asses,]) the striking, or beating, with the fore feet; not with the hind feet: and in the case of the camel, with the fore foot and the hind foot: or vehement treading; or of the fore feet of beasts (دوابّ): (TA:) or, accord. to the Keshsháf, the act of striking, or beating, in a way that is not right: or, as some say, the going, or journeying, upon what is not the middle, or main part, of the road, or what is not the main road, or upon a road not open to view: or continuous, or consecutive, striking, or beating, in different ways: and afterwards tropically applied to any (tropical:)beating, or striking, that is not approved: or originally, the striking, or beating, with the fore foot or the hind foot, and the like: (MF, TA:) with the fore feet or legs, it is like رَمْحٌ with the hind feet or legs. (TA.) You say, of a camel, خَبَطَ الأَرْضَ, (Msb,) or خَبَطَ الأَرْضَ بِيَدِهِ, (S, K,) inf. n. as above, (S,) He struck, or beat, the ground with his fore foot: (S, Msb:) or he struck, or beat, vehemently the ground with his fore foot; and ↓ تخبّط and ↓ اختبط signify the same: (K:) it is said in the O that خَبَطَهُ signifies he struck him with his fore foot, or hand, and prostrated him, as also ↓ تخبّطهُ: and ↓ اختبط, said of a camel, is syn. with خَبَطَ: and in the T, that بِرِجْلِهِ ↓ تَخَبَّطَنِى is syn, with خَبَطَنِى. (TA.) Hence the trad., لَا تَخْبِطُوا خَبْطَ الجَمَلِ [lit. Ye shall not beat the ground as the camel does with his fore foot in rising]; meant to forbid a man's putting forward his foot in rising from prostration [in prayer]. (TA.) And خَبَطَهُ, (K, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) signifies also He trod him, or it, vehemently, (K, TA,) as the camel does with his fore foot. (TA.) b2: Hence, (S,) فُلَانٌ يَخْبِطُ خَبْطَ عَشْوَآءَ (S, * TA) (tropical:) [Such a one goes at random, in a headstrong and reckless manner,] like the weak-sighted she-camel that beats the ground with her fore feet (تَخْبِطُ) as she goes along, not guarding herself from anything. (S, TA.) It is a prov., applied to him who turns away from a thing as though he were not cognizant of it: or to him who is continually falling into a thing. (Har p. 239.) Zuheyr says, رَأَيْتُ المَنَايَا خَبْطَ عَشْوَآءَ مَنْ تُصِبْ تُمِتْهُ وَمَنْ تُخْطِئْ يُعَمَّرْ فَيَهْرَمِ I saw the fates [treading mankind] like the treading of the weak-sighted she-camel; whom they smote, him they killed: and whom they missed, he was made to continue in life so that he lived to extreme old age. (TA, and EM p. 132.) In like manner you say, فُلَانٌ يَخْبِطُ فِى عَمْيَآءَ (tropical:) Such a one undertakes what he undertakes with ignorance. (TA.) And خَبَطَ أَمْرَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِ بَصيرَةٍ (assumed tropical:) [He prosecuted his affair without mental perception, or without certainty]. (S in art. عشو, q. v.) and يَخْبِطُ فِى الظَّلَامِ (tropical:) He goes in the night without a lamp, and so becomes confounded and perplexed, and unable to see his right course, and errs from the way, and perchance may fall into a well. (TA.) And خَبَطَ اللَّيْلَ, (K, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) (tropical:) He went, or journeyed, in the night without direction. (K, TA.) And بَاتَ يَخْبِطُ الظَّلْمَآءَ (tropical:) [He passed the night traversing the darkness without direction]. (TA.) خَبْطٌ is said to signify (assumed tropical:) The act of journeying, or going, without direction: or upon what is not the middle, or main part, of the road, or what is not the main road. (TA.) b3: [And hence, perhaps,] خَبَطَهُ (tropical:) He asked of him a benefit, or favour, without any tie of relationship; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ اختبطهُ: (IB, K:) or this is from خَبْطُ وَرَقِ الشَّجَرِ [explained in what follows]: (Har p. 425:) or the latter, [or both,] he came to him seeking his beneficence without any such tie: (S:) or he came to him seeking a gift; because he who does so must beat the ground with his feet: (IF:) and you also say, مَعْرُوفَهُ ↓ اختبط. (Aboo-Málik, TA.) [The latter verb is the more common. See also 10.] b4: And (tropical:) He conferred a benefit upon him without there having been any acquaintance between them, (S, K, TA,) and without there being anything to draw them near, and without there being any relationship: (TA:) and خَبَطَهُ بِخَيْرِ signifies the same: (TA:) or he bestowed on him a benefit, (K, TA,) being asked: (TA:) and you say also, بِخَيْرٍ ↓ اختبطهُ: (Aboo-Málik, TA:) and خَبَطَ فِيهِمْ بِخَيْرٍ signifies (assumed tropical:) He benefited them. (TA.) 'Alkameh Ibn-'Abadeh says, (S, TA,) praising El-Hárith Ibn-AbeeShemir, (TA,) وَفِى كُلِّ حَىٍّ قَدْ خَبَطْتَ بِنِعْمَةٍ (assumed tropical:) [And upon every tribe thou hast conferred benefit, app. meaning without being related to them]: (S, TA:) but it is said in a marginal note to the S, that خَبَطَّ would be better; and so it is accord. to one relation: in the L, however, it is said that خَبَتَّ would be more agreeable with analogy. (TA.) Accord. to Az, خَبَطْتُ الرَّجُلَ, inf. n. خَبْطٌ, signifies (assumed tropical:) I held loving communion, commerce, or intercourse, with the man. (TA.) b5: [In respect of the places which I have given to the abovementioned significations of asking and conferring a benefit, I have followed the opinion of IF; but it is said in the TA, and, I think, with greater probability, that they are from what here next follows.] b6: خَبَطَ الوَرَقَ مِنَ الشَّجَرِ, aor. ـِ (Msb,) inf. n. خَبْطٌ, (Lth, T, Msb,) He made the leaves to fall from the trees: (Msb:) or he beat the leaves of the trees, (Lth, T,) meaning large trees of the kind called طَلْح, [acacia, or mimosa, gummifera,] with a staff, or stick, (Lth,) so that they fell off, or became scattered, (Lth, T,) after which he gave them as food to camels; (Lth;) refrainfrom injuring thereby the trunks and branches of the trees: (T:) and لَهُ خَبَطًا ↓ اختبط signifies the same as خَبَطَ. (TA.) And خَبَطَ الشَّجَرَةَ, (S, K,) aor. as above, (TA,) and so the inf. n., (S,) He beat the tree with a staff, or stick, in order that its leaves might fall off: (S:) or he bound the tree, and then made its leaves to fall, (K, TA,) by beating it with a staff, or stick, to give them as food to camels and other beasts. (TA.) The leaves are stored up for the camels; and in wintertime are bruised, or broken up, for them, and moistened with water, and given to them as fodder. (Har p. 218.) Mohammad was asked, Does الغَبْط [i. e. “ the wishing for a blessing on the condition that it shall not become transferred from its possessor ”] injure [its author]? and he answered, لَا إِلَّا كَمَا يَضُرُّ العِضَاهَ الخَبْطُ [No, save as the beating off the leaves injures the trees called 'idáh]; i. e., it only diminishes, without annulling, its author's recompense, like the beating off the leaves of the 'idáh, without cutting them down and extirpating them; for the leaves will grow again. (TA.) [See also art. غبط.] b7: Hence, (A, TA,) خَبَطَ القَوْمَ بِسَيْفِهِ (tropical:) He struck the people with his sword. (A, K, TA.) b8: خَبَطَهُ الشَّيْطَانُ (tropical:) The devil touched him with a hurt, (K, TA,) so as to corrupt him, or disorder him, and render him insane; (TA;) as also ↓ تخبّطهُ: (K, TA:) or the latter, [which is the more common,] the devil corrupted him, or disordered him: (S, Mgh, Msb: *) lit., struck him: (Mgh, Msb:) or prostrated him, and sported with him: or trampled upon him, and prostrated him. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 276], ↓ لَا يَقُومُونَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِى يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ (tropical:) [They shall not rise save as he riseth whom the devil prostrateth by reason of possession, or insanity]; i. e., as he who is affected by diabolical possession rises, in his state of possession, when he is prostrated, and falls: or it means, whom the devil corrupts, or disorders, by rendering him insane. (K, * TA.) [You say also, of a drug, خبّط ↓ العَقْلَ (assumed tropical:) It disordered the intellect: see the act. part. n., below.] b9: خَبَطَ also signifies (assumed tropical:) He (a man) threw himself down (S, L, K) where he was, (S, L,) to sleep, (S, K,) or and slept. (L.) And (assumed tropical:) He (a man) slept. (A' Obeyd, TA.) In the K, قَامَ is erroneously put for نَامَ. (TA.) b10: خَبَطَ عَلَى البَابِ He knocked upon the door, or at the door. (TA.) b11: خَبَطَ العِرْقُ The vein beat, or pulsated. (TA.) 2 خَبَّطَ see 1, near the end of the paragraph.5 تخبّط It was, or became, in a state of commotion, agitation, convulsion, tumult, or disturbance; syn. اِضْطَرَبَ. (Az, TA in art. حبط.) A2: It is also trans.: see 1; second sentence, in three places; and again, near the end of the paragraph, in two places.8 إِخْتَبَطَ see 1, in six places. b2: You say also, النَّاقَةُ تَخْتَبِطُ الشَّوْكَ (assumed tropical:) The she-camel eats the thorns. (Th, TA.) 10 استخبطهُ (assumed tropical:) He asked of him a means of access, nearness, intimacy, or ingratiation. (TA.) خَبَطٌ What is beaten by beasts, (K, TA,) with their feet, (TA,) and broken. (K, TA.) b2: Leaves (Msb, K) of any kind (K) that have been made to fall from a tree; (Msb, K;) by its being beaten with a staff, or stick; (K, * TA;) used as food for camels: (TA:) and leaves that have been beaten off with staves, or sticks, then dried, and ground, and mixed with flour or other substance, and beaten with the hand, and moistened in a basin, with water, until they have become viscous, or cohesive, when they are put into the mouths of camels. (AHn, K.) The word is of the measure فَعَلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, like many other instances that have been heard, (Msb,) as نَفَضٌ and هَدَمٌ. (TA.) خَبْطَةٌ (tropical:) A touch, or stroke, of diabolical possession, or insanity. (TA.) You say also, بِفُلَانٍ

خَبْطَةٌ بِالمَسِّ (tropical:) [In such a one is a touch of diabolical possession, or insanity]. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A single act of a stallion-camel's covering of the female. (TA.) خُبَاطٌ A certain malady, (K,) like diabolical possession, or insanity, (S, K,) but not identical therewith: (S, TA:) the word is also related with ح (TA.) [See also حُبَاطٌ.]

فَرَسٌ خَبُوطٌ and ↓ خَبِيطٌ A horse that strikes, or beats, with his hind feet: (K:) or with his fore feet. (T, TA.) خَبِيطٌ A watering-trough beaten by the feet of the camels, and so demolished: (K:) or a wateringtrough; so called because its clay is beaten with the feet at its construction: (TA:) or a small watering-trough: (Aboo-Málik, TA:) pl. خُبُطٌ (K.) b2: See also خَبُوطٌ.

خُبَاطَةٌ, determinate, [and imperfectly decl.,] (assumed tropical:) The stupid: like خُضَارَةٌ applied to “ the sea. ” (TA.) خَبَّاطُ عَشَوَاتٍ (tropical:) One who [frequently] goes in the night without a lamp, and so becomes confounded and perplexed, and unable to see his right course, and errs from the way, and perchance may fall into a well: occurring in a trad. of ' Alee. (TA.) خَابِطٌ Going, or journeying, without direction: or one who beats the ground with his foot, and knows not in what land he is going; either because of the darkness or because he is blind. (Har p. 55.) You say, مَا أَدْرِى أَىُّ خَابِطِ لَيْلٍ هُوَ, (S, TA,) and أَىُّ خَابِطِ اللَّيْلِ, (TA,) (tropical:) I know not what man he is. (S, TA.) b2: مَا لَهُ خَابِطٌ وَلَا نَاطِحٌ, (tropical:) He has not a camel nor a bull; meaning he has not anything. (TA.) b3: خَابِطٌ also signifies A beating, or throbbing, in the head. (TA.) أَخْبَطُ That strikes, or beats, (K, TA,) the ground, (TA,) with his feet: (K, TA:) by poetic license written أَخْبَطُّ: (TA:) pl. خُبْطٌ. (K.) مُخْبِطٌ Still; motionless; like مُخْبِتٌ: (TA in art. خمد:) or i. q. مُطْرِقٌ [silent; not speaking: or lowering his eyes, looking towards the ground]. (JK, K, TA. [In the CK, مُخْبَط and مُطْرَق.]) b2: See also مُخْتَبِطٌ.

مِخْبَطٌ A staff, or stick, with which the leaves of trees are beaten off: (K:) and ↓ مِخْبَطَةٌ, also, signifies a staff, or stick; and a rod, or twig: (TA:) pl. of the former, مَخَابِطُ. (K, TA.) مِخْبَطَةٌ: see what next precedes.

مُخَبِّطٌ لِلْعَقْلِ [Disordering the intellect; said of a drug]. (K in art. بنج.) مُخْتَبِطٌ (tropical:) One who asks [a benefit or favour] of another without there being anything to draw him near, and without acquaintance. (JK, TA. * [In the latter, ↓ مُخْبِطٌ, which is doubtless a mistake, is explained in one place as signifying (tropical:) One who seeks a gift without any previous acquaintance.])

خوف

1 خَافَ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) originally خَوِفَ, (Lth, L, &c.,) first Pers\. خِفْتُ, (TA,) aor. ـَ (S, K, &c.,) originally يَخْوَفُ, (L,) imperative خَفْ, (S,) inf. n. خَوْفٌ (S, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ خِيفٌ, [originally خِوْفٌ,] (Lh, TA,) erroneously written in the K with fet-h [to the خ], but some say that this is a simple subst., not an inf. n., (TA,) and ↓ خِيفَةٌ, (Lh, S, Msb, K, &c.,) originally خِوْفَةٌ, (K,) but some say that this also is a simple subst., not an inf. n., (TA,) and [therefore] its pl. is خِيفٌ, (Lh, JK, S, and so in the CK,) in [some of] the copies of the K erroneously written خِيَفٌ, (TA,) or this [as well as the next preceding] may be an inf. n., for some few inf. ns. have pls., (ISd, TA,) and مَخَافَةٌ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) originally مَخْوَفَةٌ, for which last, the first of these inf. ns. is used by a poet, and therefore made fem., (TA,) He feared; he was afraid or frightened or terrified; syn. فَزِعَ. (K.) It is also trans.: (Msb:) you say, خَافَهُ and ↓ تخوّفهُ [He feared, or was afraid of, him, or it]; (Msb, TA;) both signifying the same: (TA:) [and so خَافَ مِنْهُ; or this may mean he feared what might happen to him from him, or it:] and عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا ↓ تخوّف, meaning خَافَهُ [i. e. خَافَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا He feared for him a thing]: (S, K:) and خَاَفَهُ عَلَى مَالِهِ and عَلَيْهِ ↓ تخوّفهُ [He feared him, or it, for his property]. (Mgh.) b2: [Hence,] it is also used in the sense of ظَنَّ [He thought, or opined]: and in this case, the Arabs sometimes use it in the same manner as a verb signifying an oath, and give it the same kind of complement; as in an ex. cited voce دَرِدَ [q. v.]. (S in art. درد.) And He knew. (Lh, Kr, K.) Hence, وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا [And if a woman know that there is, on the part of her husband, injurious treatment, or unkindness, or estrangement], (K,) in the Kur [iv. 127]. (TA.) And hence also, فَمَنْ خَافَ مِنْ مُوصٍ جَنَفًا [And he who knoweth that there is, on the part of the testator, an inclining to a wrong course, or a declining from the right course, &c.], (K,) in the Kur [ii. 178]; thus explained by Lh. (TA.) A2: خَافَهُ, (S,) first Pers\. خُفْتُهُ, (K,) aor. ـُ (S,) He exceeded him in fear. (S, K. *) You say, فَخَافَهُ ↓ خَاوَفَهُ, (S,) inf. n. of the former مُخَاوَفَهُ, (TA,) i. e. [He vied with him to see which of them would exceed the other in fear, and] he exceeded him in fear. (S.) 2 خوّفهُ, (Msb, K,) inf. n. تَخْوِيفٌ, (TA,) i. q. أَخَافَهُ. (Msb, K.) See the latter, in two places. He put fear into him. (JK, TA.) خَوِّفْنَا [app. addressed to God] is mentioned by Lh as meaning Render the Kur-án and the Traditions beautiful to us in order that we may [give heed thereto and] fear. (TA.) b2: He made him to be in such a state, or condition, that men feared him; (JK, K;) he made him to be feared by men. (M.) Hence, in the Kur [iii. 169], إِنَّمَا ذٰلِكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ يُخَوِّفُ أَوْلِيَآءَهُ, i. e. [Verily that is the devil:] he causeth his friends to be feared by you: [or that devil causeth &c.:] or, as Th says, causeth you to fear by his friends. (TA.) A2: He diminished it, lessened it, or took from it; and so خوّف مِنْهُ. (TA.) [See also 5.] b2: خوّف غَنَبَهُ He sent away his sheep, or goats, flock by flock. (TA.) 3 خَاْوَفَ see 1, last sentence.4 اخافهُ, (Msb, K,) inf. n. إِخَافَةٌ (S) and إِخَافٌ, like كِتَابٌ, (Lh, TA,) [but the latter is irreg. and rare,] He, or it, (an affair, a case, or an event, Msb,) caused him, or made him, to fear, or be afraid; put him in fear; frightened, or terrified, him; (TA;) and ↓ خوّفهُ, (Msb, K,) inf. n. تَخْوِيفٌ, (S, TA,) signifies the same. (S, Msb, K.) So in the phrase اخاف الثَّغْرُ [The enemies' frontier caused to fear, &c.; was insecure:] or fear entered from it. (TA.) You say also, مَالَ الحَائِطُ فَأَخَافَ النَّاسَ [The wall leaned, and caused the people to fear]. (Msb.) And أَخَافَ اللُّصُوصُ الطَّرِيقَ [for أَخَافَ اللُّصُوصُ أَهْلَ الطَّرِيقِ The robbers caused the people of the road, or the passengers thereof, to fear, &c.; or it may be rendered the robbers caused the road to be insecure]. (Msb.) And أَخَفْتُهُ الأَمْرَ فَخَافَهُ [I caused him to fear the thing, or affair, &c., and he feared it; making the verb doubly trans.]; as also إِيَّاهُ فَتَخَوَّفَهُ ↓ خَوَّفْتُهُ. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., أَخِيفُوا الهَوَامَّ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُخِيفَكُمْ Make ye the venomous reptiles and the like to fear before they make you to fear; (TA;) i. e. kill ye them before they kill you. (JM, TA.) b2: مَا أَخْوَفَنِى

عَلَيْكَ [How greatly do I fear for thee!]. (TA.) 5 تخوّفهُ: see 1, in three places.

A2: Also He took by little and little (S, L, K) from it, (S, K,) or from its sides; (L;) as also تحوّفهُ: (S and K * in arts. حوف and حيف:) or he took from its extremities; so in the A; in which it is said to be tropical: accord. to IF, it is originally [تخوّن,] with ن [in the place of the ف]. (TA.) Dhu-rRummeh says, (S,) or not he, but some other poet, for it is ascribed to several different authors, (L,) تَخَوَّفَ الرَّحْلُ مِنْهَا تَامِكًا قَرِدًا كَمَا تَخَوَّفَ ظَهْرَ النَّبْعَةِ السَّفَنُ

[Her saddle abraded from a long and high, compact hump, like as when the piece of skin used for smoothing arrows has abraded from the back of a rod of the tree called نبعة]. (S. [See also 5 in art. حوف, where another reading of this verse is given. In the TA, in the present art., in the places of الرحل and ظهر, I find السَّيْرُ and عُود.]) Hence, (S, K,) accord. to Fr, (TA,) أَوْيَأَخَذِهِمْ عَلَى تَخَوُّفٍ, (S, K,) in the Kur [xvi. 49], (S,) which Az explains as meaning [Or are they secure from his destroying them] by causing them to suffer loss [by little and little] in their bodies and their possessions, or cattle, and their fruits: or, accord. to Zj, it may mean, after causing them to fear, by destroying a town, so that the one next to it shall fear. (TA.) You say also, تخوّف مِنْ مَالِى He took by little and little from my property. (JK.) And تَخَوَّفَنَا السَّنَةُ [The year of drought, or sterility, took from us by little and little]. (JK.) And تَخَوّفَنِى حَقِّى

[He diminished to me by little and little my right, or due]. (JK.) And تَخَوَّفَهُ حمْقُهُ (tropical:) i. q. اهْضَمَهُ [an evident mistranscription for اِهْتَضَمَهُ or هَضَمَهُ, meaning His stupidity deprived him of his right, or due]. (TA.) خَافٌ A man very fearful or timorous; (S, K;) [and so, in the present day, ↓ خَوَّافٌ; the former originally] of the measure فَعِلٌ, like فَرِقٌ and فَزِعٌ; and similar to صَاتٌ, meaning a man “ having a strong, or loud, voice: ” (S:) or i. q. ↓ خَائِفٌ: (TA:) accord. to Kh, it may be [originally خَاوِفٌ,] of the measure فَاعِلٌ, having the medial radical rejected; or [خَوْفٌ,] of the measure فَعْلٌ; and in either case, the dim. is [↓ خُوَيْفٌ,] with و: so says Sb. (TA.) خَوْفٌ inf. n. of 1. (S, Msb, K, &c.) b2: Also Slaughter: whence, وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُمْ بِشَىْءٍ مِنَ الْخَوْفِ [And we will assuredly try you with somewhat of slaughter]; (Lh, K;) in the Kur [ii. 150]. (TA.) [See also 4.] b3: And Fighting: whence, فَإِذَا جَآءَ الخَوْفُ [But when fighting cometh; in the Kur xxxiii. 19]. (K.) A2: See also خَائِفٌ.

A3: Also A red hide from which are cut strips like thongs, (Kr, K, TA,) and then upon these are put [ornaments of the kind termed] شَذْر; worn by a girl: (TA:) a dial. var. of حَوْفٌ [q. v.]: (K:) but this latter is preferable. (L, TA.) خِيفٌ: see 1, first sentence.

خَافَةٌ A [coat of the kind called] جُبَّة, of hide, or leather, which the collector of honey wears; (Akh, JK, K;) and also worn by the water-carrier: (JK:) or a fur-garment, or hide with the fur or wool on it, worn by him who enters into the places occupied by bees, in order that they may not sting him: (TA:) or a [pouch of the kind termed] خَرِيطَة, (S, K,) of hide, or leather, (S,) narrow in the upper part and wide in the lower part, (TA,) in which honey is collected: (S, K:) or a [round piece of leather with a running string by means of which it may be converted into a bag, such as is termed] سُفْرَة, like the خَرِيطَة, made, or sewed, small, [for مُصْعَدَةٌ or مُصَعَّدَةٌ, which I find in different copies of the K, and to which no appropriate meaning is assignable, I read مُصْغَرَةٌ or مُصَغَّرَةٌ, (see 2 in art. صغر, and particularly أَصْغَرَ القِرْبَةَ,)] having its head [or border] raised, for honey; (K;) so says Skr, in explaining the following verse: or, as IB says, accord. to Aboo-'Alee, it is from the phrase النَّاسُ أَخْيَافٌ, meaning “ men,” or “ the people,”

“ are different, one from another; ” for it is a خَرِيطَة of hide, or leather, embellished with different kinds of embellishment; and if so it should be mentioned in art. خيف: (TA:) [but] the dim. is ↓ خُوَيْفَةٌ. (JK.) Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, [describing a collector of wild honey,] تَأَبَّطَ خَافَةً فِيهَا مِسَابٌ فَأَصْبَحَ يَقْتَرِى مَشَدًا بِشِيقِ (S,) [He put beneath his armpit a خافة in which was a receptacle for honey, and betook himself to making successive endeavours to reach the most difficult part of a mountain by means of a rope, or rope of palm-fibres; for] he means شِيقًا بِمَسَدٍ; the phrase being inverted: (S and TA in art. شيق:) or he means, [betook himself to] taking successive holds of a rope (يَتَتَبَّعُ حَبْلًا) tied to a شيق [here best rendered mountain-top] in his descent to the place of the honey; so that there is no inversion. (TA in that art.) b2: Also i. q. عَيْبَةٌ [A kind of basket, or receptacle, of hide, or leather]; (TA;) the thing in which fruits are gathered; also called مِخْرَفٌ. (Har p. 374.) b3: And خَافَةُ الزَّرْعِ is said to mean The envelope of the grain of seed-produce; so called because it protects it: to this the believer is likened in a trad. [as some relate it]; but the reading [commonly known] is [خَامَة,] with م. (TA.) [See خامة, in art. خيم.]

خِيفَةٌ; pl. خِيفٌ: see 1, first sentence. b2: [Sometimes it may mean, agreeably with analogy, A kind of fear.]

A2: See also art. خيف.

خَوَافٌ Vociferation, clamour, or a confused noise, of a company of men. (JK, Sgh, K.) خُوَيْفٌ: see خَافٌ.

خُوَيْفَةٌ: see خَافَةٌ.

خَوَّافٌ: see خَافٌ. b2: [Hence, perhaps,] A certain black bird: ISd says, I know not why it is thus called. (TA.) خَائِفٌ Fearing; being afraid or frightened or terrified: (S, * TA:) pl. خُوَّفٌ (S, K) and خُيَّفٌ, (S,) or خِيَّفٌ, (K,) or, accord. to Ks, خُيَّفٌ and خِيفٌ and خُوفٌ, (L,) [but the second and third of these three should be خِيَّفٌ and خُوَّفٌ, for all are said to be of the measure فُعَّلٌ,] and ↓ خَوْفٌ; or this last is a quasi-pl. n.; (K;) whence, in the Kur [vii. 54], خَوْفًا وَطَمَعًا, meaning Worship ye Him fearing his punishment and eagerly desiring his recompense. (TA.) See also خَافٌ. b2: and see مَخُوفٌ.

طَرِيقٌ مُخَافٌ [for مُخَافٌ أَهْلُهُ, A road of which the people, or passengers, are caused to fear, by robbers]. (Msb.) [See also what next follows.]) طَرِيقُ مَخُوفٌ A road in which people fear: (S, * Msb, K:) or a road that is feared; (JK, TA;) as also ↓ مَخِيفٌ, and ↓ خَائِفٌ; which last is tropical, of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; (TA;) or, thus applied, this last [is a possessive epithet, and thus] meanshaving fear: (JK: [see also مُخَافٌ:]) you should not say ↓ طَرِيقٌ مُخِيفٌ, because the road does not cause fear, but only he who robs and slays therein. (S, * K, * TA.) One says also ثَغْرٌ

↓ مَخِيفٌ and ↓ مُتَخَوَّفٌ An enemies' frontier [that is feared, or] from which one fears, or from the direction of which fear comes. (TA.) مَخُوفٌ signifies A thing [of any kind] that is feared; as a lion, and a serpent, and fire, and the like. (Har p. 369.) [Hence,] حَائِطٌ مَخُوفٌ A wall of which the falling is feared. (Lh, Msb, TA. [See also مُخِيفٌ.]) And وَجَعٌ مَخُوفٌ [A pain that is feared]. (TA. [See, again, مُخِيفٌ.]) and أَمْرٌ مَخُوفٌ [An affair, or event, that is feared]. (Mgh, Msb. [See, again, مُخِيفٌ.]) And فَاسِقٌ مَخُوفٌ عَلَى مَالِهِ A transgressor who is feared for his property, that he will consume it, and expend it in that which is not right. (Mgh.) مَخِيفٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places: and see also what next follows.

حَائِطٌ مُخِيفٌ (Msb, K, in the CK ↓ مَخِيفٌ,) A wall that causes one to fear that it will fall. (Msb, K. * [See also مَخُوفٌ.]) And وَجَعٌ مُخِيفٌ (S, K) A pain that causes him who sees it to fear. (S. [See, again, مَخُوفٌ.]) And أَمْرٌ مُخِيفٌ An affair, or event, that is formidable; that causes him who sees it to fear. (Msb. [See, again, مَخُوفٌ.]) And المُخِيفُ means The lion, (K, TA,) that frightens him who sees him. (TA.) See also مَخُوفٌ, first sentence.

أَخْوَفٌ [More, and most, formidable, fearful, or feared: anomalous, like its syn. أَخْشَى, being from the pass. verb. Hence,] أَخْوَفُ مَا أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ كَذَا [The most formidable, or fearful, of what I fear for you is such a thing]. (Mgh, * TA.) مَخَافَةٌ an inf. n. of 1, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) originally مَخْوَفَةٌ. (TA.) b2: [Also A cause of fear: a word of the same category as مَجْبَنَةٌ and مَبْخَلَةٌ

&c.: pl. مَخَاوِفُ. Hence,] أَوَّلُ كُتُبِهِ المَخَاوِفُ [The first of his letters, or epistles, consisted of the causes of fear]. (TA.) b3: And مَخَاوِفُ also signifies Places of fear. (KL.) مُتَخَوَّفٌ: see مَخُوفٌ.